Reconocimiento de Cationes Del Grupo I y II

 

\rdktkd # 6 _ekmjmkncnejm fe kdtmjes fea grupm N y NN

4. Mo Mohe hetv tvm ms8  

4.4. 4. 4.

_ekmjmker pmr ad kmadomrdknûj f ad aadcd ams eaecejtms fea grupm N y NN.

Mo Mohe hetv tvms ms espe espekã kãik ikms ms88 

Nfejikdr ads redkknmjes que se puefej amgrdr da kmconjdr k mconjdr uj eaecejtm kmj fnerejtes quãcnkms.

?. Iu Iujfd jfdce cejm jm eû eûrn rnkm8 km8  

Kdfd eaecejtm fepejfe fe ujd fetercnjdfd kmadomrdknûj fe ad aadcd, pmr este ejsdym puefes rekmjmker eaecejtms dakdanjms y dakdanjmtîrrems, pdrejfm fe sus sdaes.

 

;. Cd Cder ernda ndaes es y equ equnp npms8 ms8 d) _e _ed dkt ktvm vms8 s8           

Kamrurm fe smfnm. Kamrurm fe kdaknm. Kamrurm fe pmtdsnm. Kamrurm fe odrnm. Kamrurm fe estrmjknm. [uadtm køprnkm. [uadtm fe znjk. Vetrdomrdtm fe smfnm. Dakm`ma. Äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm. Äknfm suaørnkm.

o) Cd Cde ern rnda daes es88         

Cek`erm oujsej m ceber. Dzd fe padjm. Grditm. \njzds. Ynfrnm fe reamh. Vuoms fe ejsdym. \npetds. Ydsms fe preknpntdknûj. Ydrnaad fe krnstda.

6. \rmk \rmkef efnc ncne nej jms ms88  

 

\repdrdcms ej uj vdsm preknpntdfm kdfd ujd fe ads sdaes, kmj ujd gmtd fe äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm `dstd smauonanzdr. Vmcdcms ujd odrrd fe grditm suhetd d ujds pnjzds m ujd vdrnaad fe vnfrnm kmj k mj ad que dgntdcms, auegm fe que se ncpregje aaevdcms da uegm fe uj cek`erm, estd mperdknûj se redanzd `dstd ; vekes fe cdjerd que se puefd moservdr jnfez. [e djmtd ad kmamrdknûj y se kmcpdrd kmj ads a ds reerejknds onoanmgräikds. [n fnsmavecms kamrurm fe pmtdsnm kmj äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm y auegm aaevdcms d ad aadcd fe uj cek`erm ae ncpdrte ujd kmamrdknûj vnmaetd da kejtrm y kmamr jdrdjhd d ams omrfes. Ea smfnm prepdrdfm fe ad cnscd mrcd fd uj kmamr dcdrnaam.

 

 

 

 

 

[n fnsmavecms jntrdtm fe kmore kmj äknfm suaørnkm y aaevdcms d ad aadcd fe uj cek`erm este ncpdrte ujd kmamrdknûj verfe y dzua da kejtrm m uj verfe dzuadfm. [n fnsmavecms kamrurm fe kdaknm kmj äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm y aaevdcms d ad aadcd fe uj cek`erm este ncpdrte ujd kmamrdknûj rmhm djdrdjhdfm djdrdjhdfm..

Ea kamrurm fe odrnm ej smauknûj fe dakm`ma este ncpdrte ej ad aadcd ujd kmamrdknûj verfe dzuadfm da cefnm y dcdrnaam d ams omrfes. Ea tetrdomrdtm fe fe smfnm fnsueatm ej dakm`ma ncpdr ncpdrte te ej ad aadcd uj kmamr dcdrnaam d ams omrfes y dzua da kejtrm.

5. _e _edk dkkn knmj mjes es88 

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Kamrurm fe smfnm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm. JdKa + @Ka ↟ Jd@ + Ka ? Kamrurm fe kdaknm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm. KdKa ? + @Ka ↟ Kd@ +Ka ? Kamrurm fe odrnm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm. ka mr`ãfrnkm. OdKa ? + @Ka ↟ Od@ +Ka ? Kamrurm fe pmtdsnm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm. BKa + @Ka ↟ B@ + Ka ? Kamrurm fe estrmjknm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm. [rKa ? + @Ka ↟ [r@ + Ka ? Vetrdomrdtm fe smfnm+ dakm`ma [uadtm fe znjk + äknfm suaørnkm Xj[M6  +  @ ?[M6  ↟ [uadtm køprnkm + äknfm suaørnkm Ku[M6  +  @ ?[M6  ↟

 

9. Km Kmjk jkau aukn knmj mjes es88 Kamrurm fe smfnm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm

Ydrnaad _mhnzm

Grdim Dcdrnaam

Kamrurm fe kdaknm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm

Ydrnaad Dcdrnaam

Grdim Dcdrnaam rmhnzm

Kamrurm fe odrnm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm k amr`ãfrnkm

 

Ydrnaad Dcdrnaam

Grdim Dcdrnaam rmhnzm

Kamrurm fe pmtdsnm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm

Ydrnaad _mhm dcdrnaam

Grdim Jdrdjhd uere

Kamrurm fe estrmjknm + äknfm kamr`ãfrnkm

Ydrnaad _mhm

Grdim _mhm njejsm

[uadtm køprnkm + äknfm suaørnkm

 

Ydrnaad Njkmamrm

Grdim Yerfe

[uadtm fe znjk + äknfm suaørnkm

Ydrnaad

Grdim

Jdrdjhd aeve

Njkmamrm

Vetrdomrdtm fe smfnm + dakm`ma

Ydrnaad Jdrdjhd njejsm

Grdim Jdrdjhd kadrm

 

7. _e _ekm kmce cejf jfdk dknm nmje jes8 s8    

Ad präkkd se redanzû fe cdjerd cuy sdsdktmrnd. Ad rekmcejfdknûj smam serãd que kudjfm `dgdj ad präkkd espekniquej onej fe cdjerd cuy ejtejfnoae ads redkknmjes.

0. Ku Kues estm tmjd jdrn rnm8 m8 0.4.

Fnou Fnouhdr hdr m es esquec quecdtzdr dtzdr,, km kmj j aams ms j jmco mcores res respe respektvm ktvmss (c (cdern derndaes, daes, equnpms y redktvms), am redanzdfm ej ad präktkd fe adomrdmrnm. 0. 0.?. ?. Tue su suger gerejk ejknd nd prm prmpmj pmjfrã frãd d sn ujd aa aadcd dcd esä esä kuo kuoner nerd d pmr m mrm rm,, kmcm ehecpam ea pmdsnm ejcdskdrd da smfnm. 0.;. ½dpdr ½dpdre e fe feaa kdr kdroûj oûj que mrm cde cdernda rnda se puefe puefe aaev aaevdr dr d ad ad aadcd aadcd ad ad cuesrd= 0.6. ½Kuäa serãd ad rredkkn edkknûj ûj q quãc uãcnkd nkd q que ue sse e prmfuk prmfuke e kud kudjfm jfm se nnjknj jknjerd erd ad susdjknd ej ad aadcd= 0. 0.5. 5. ½Fû ½Fûjfe jfe kre kree e qu que e se uta utanzd nzd es ese e tp tpm mf fe e ej ejsdy sdyms= ms= 0. 0.9. 9. ½Ku ½Kuäae äaess smj aads ds pd pdre ress fe ad aaadc adcd d y que zzmj mjd d se re rekmc kmcne nejfd jfd m sse e feoe utanzdr pdrd pdrd ea ejsdym fe ad aadcd= 0. 0.7. 7. ½Ku ½Kuäa äa es aad d red redkkn kknûj ûj ej ejre re u uj j mx mxnf nfm m ce ceäan äankm km m oäsnk oäsnkm m y ea dg dgud= ud= 0.0. 0.0. ½K ½Kûc ûcm m sse e ssdo doe e que que es uj äakd äakdan an= = 0.>. ½T ½Tu uî e ess u uj j nnj jfnkd kdf fmr= 0.4