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Ehstetuto Hmjeohm` in Dorlmjeúh Yåjhejo Wrodnseohm`, Ehdotnp. Iep`olmio nh Bnsteúh Loinrhm in` Ym`nhto Culmho Dmje`etmiorm1 [nyhm M`kurqunrqun 

[NJ@^YMLENHYO U ZN@NJJEÚH IN WN[ZOHM@ K[NTN NZKOQO CEZYÚ[EJO IN@ W[OJNZO IN ZN@NJJEÚH IN WN[ZOHM@

M` vm`ormr `m cestorem in `m sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm`, sn puninh iestehbuer `ms ntmpms qun johtrekuynh m` surbelenhto y insmrro``o jolo uh projnso. @m prncestorem in sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm`, `m [nvo`ujeúh Ehiustrem`, n` surbelenhto in `m Milehestrmjeúh y `m Wsejo`obìm jolo iesjep`ehms jenhtìdejms, `m Wrelnrm y Znbuhim Bunrrms Luhiem`ns, n` insmrro``o in `m Wsejo`obìm, n` mubn in `os lovelenhtos sojem`ns nh `m iåjmim in `os mýos 27 y n` mhí`eses jrìtejo in `m psejo`obìm, `os jmlkeos nh `m Bnsteúh [njursos Culmhos y `m nhtrmim in `ms jolpntnhjems qun soh lolnhtos jum`etmtevos qun mkmrjmh `m cestorem in `m sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm`. Insin tenlpos rnlotos sn punin johojnr m trmvås in `m cestorem, qun n` colkrn cmjìm sn`njjeúh in sus johbåhnrns por jenrtms jum`eimins6 tm`ns projnielenhtos sn`njtevos nrmh insin `unbo luy ruielnhtmreos. Wor nanlp`o, nh `m ` m mhtebum [olm sn prndnrìm pmrm trmkmaos ruios m ``os os nsj`mvos in jo`or por su dortm`nzm. M` pmso in` tenlpo sn nvo`ujeohm cmjem uhm sn`njjeúh lís minjumim joh kmsn nh `m oksnrvmjeúh okantevm in `ms jum`eimins y jmrmjtnrìstejms in `os ehieveiuos, pnro ho ns seho nh `os orìbnhns in `m sejo`obìm mp`ejmim, jumhio sn nlpenzmh m cmjnr `ms prelnrms nvm`umjeohns psejolåtrejms in `os colkrns.

[NJ@^YMLENHYO U ZN@NJJEÚH IN WN[ZOHM@

N` rnj`utmlenhto y sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm` ns uh projnso por n` jum` `ms nlprnsms johtrmtmh m` pnrsohm` minjumio pmrm ojupmr uh punsto, n` probrmlm in rnj`utmlenhto y sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm` inkn nstmr inhtro in `m p`mhnmjeúh nstrmtåbejm in `m nlprnsm pmrm qun sn nhjmlehn m julp`er `os okantevos in `m nlprnsm. Nstn projnso junhtm joh 9 pmsos kísejos1 mhí`eses in hnjnseimins in `m nlprnsm, rnj`utmlenhto, sn`njjeúh n ehjorpormjeúh m `m orbmhezmjeúh.

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Nh `m mjtum`eimi nh `ms nlprnsms ns elpnrmhtn qun inhtro in `m p`mhnmjeúh p` mhnmjeúh nstrmtåbejm sn ehj`uym n` rnj`utmlenhto y sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm`. Ynhnr uh pnrsohm` mpto pmrm hunstrm opnrmjeúh ns n` puhto j`mvn ym qun nh nstos lolnhtos ns lís elportmhtn tnhnr uh jmpetm` culmho dunrtn pmrm poinr msì snr jolpntetevos nh uh lnrjmio qun jmim vnz sn vun`vn lís nxebnhtn. Nh nstn luhio qun jmim iìm sn vun`vn lís jolpntetevo y lís inlmhimhtn `ms nlprnsms kusjmh snr lís proiujtevms, pmrm nsto sn hnjnsetm in tnjho`obìm, jm`eimi, ndejenhjem y pmrm toio nsto `o lís elportmhtn ns tnhnr m` pnrsohm` minjumio ns por nsto qun `m p`mhnmjeúh in rnjursos culmhos cm tolmio brmh elportmhjem inhtro in `m orbmhezmjeúh. M lnieim qun n` jmpetm` culmho jokrm lís elportmhjem nh `ms orbmhezmjeohns, åstos sn vun`vnh lís jolp`naos, lís nxcmustevos y sn tenhin m uhm lmyor prodnseohm`ezmjeúh in` inpmrtmlnhto in rnjursos culmhos (Lohtns & Bohzí`nz, ;7=7, píb. =).

@M W@MHEDEJMJEÚH IN [NJ^[ZOZ C^LMHOZ NZ HNJNZM[EM INKEIO M ^HM ZN[EN IN DMJYO[NZ1

  Ehnstmke`eimi in `m inlmhim in` lnrjmio   Mulnhto in` hñlnro in punstos in trmkmaos nspnjem`ezmios.   Hnjnseimi in ehtnbrmr `m Bnsteúh in [njursos Culmhos nh n` rnsto in `m bnsteúh in `m

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orbmhezmjeúh inkeio m `m elportmhjem qun cm miquereio n` jmpetm` culmho nh `ms nlprnsms nh `os ñ`telos tenlpos (Lohtns & Bohzí`nz, ;7=7, píb. píb . >9) @`nvmr m jmko n` rnj`utmlenhto y sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm` johauhto m `m p`mhedejmjeúh nstrmtåbejm pnrletn m `m nlprnsm tnhnr n` pnrsohm` minjumio y hnjnsmreo pmrm julp`er sus okantevos N` inpmrtmlnhto in [njursos Culmhos o Jmpetm` Culmho ns n` nhjmrbmio in ``nvmr m jmko nstn projnso y por nhin inkn nstmr prnpmrmio pmrm poinr msuler n` rnto in sn`njjeohmr jmhieimtos qun julp`mh joh `ms jmrmjtnrìstejms rnqunreims por n` punsto.

INZM[[O@@O N` projnso in sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm` johstm in 9 ntmpms1 m) Mhí`eses in hnjnseimins in nlp`no (mhí`eses y vm`ormjeúh in punstos)6 k) [nj`utmlenhto (ehtnrho y nxtnrho)6 j) Zn`njjeúh6 i) ehjorpormjeúh m `m orbmhezmjeúh.“ (Nietorem` Tårtejn, ;772, píb. ;), ns injer qun prelnro sn ehejem joh mhm`ezmr n` punsto n` jum` rnquenrn n` pnrsohm`, ym snm in hunvm jrnmjeúh o pmrm lmhtnhnr`o nh duhjeohmlenhto, inspuås in rnm`ezmr n` rnj`utmlenhto ns injer `m kñsqunim in `os jmhieimtos ym snm inhtro o dunrm in `m ` m jolpmýìm, inspuås in cmjnr n` rnj` rnj`utmlenhto utmlenhto sn sn`njjeohm m n` >  W í b e h m ; | > 

 

 

jmhieimto qun julp`m joh `ms jmrmjtnrìstejms qun n` punsto rnquenrn y por ñ`telo sn `n im uhm ehiujjeúh m` punsto y m `m nlprnsm. Wmrm poinr rnm`ezmr nstn projnso inknlos cmjnr uhm p`mhnmjeúh y jolo prehjepeo in nstm p`mhnmjeúh ns intnrlehmr n` mhí`eses y vm`ormjeúh in punsto ym qun ho poinlos rnm`ezmr uhm jorrnjtm sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm` se ho smknlos cmjem iúhin vmlos ierebeios, ns injer qun jmrmjtnrìstejms soh `ms qun rnquenrn n` punsto. ‐Nstn mhí`eses in punstos ehtnhtm intnrlehmr1 quå tmrnms nanjutmr, juíhio sn vmh m rnm`ezmr `ms tmrnms, iúhin sn vmh m rnm`ezmr, júlo sn vm m rnm`ezmr y por queåh snríh rnm`ezmims.“ (Ehsm, ;772, píb. 2:). ^hm vnz qun sn cmym rnm`ezmio n` mhí`eses in punsto ym ns posek`n nlpnzmr n` rnj`utmlenhto in pnrsohm`.

N` projnso lniemhtn n` jum` uhm orbmhezmjeúh trmtm in intnjtmr nlp`nmios potnhjem`ns, qun julp`mh `os rnquesetos minjumios pmrm rnm`ezmr uh intnrlehmio trmkmam, mtrmyåhio`os nh jmhteimi sudejenhtn in loio qun snm posek`n uhm postnreor sn`njjeúh in m`buhos in n``os, nh duhjeúh in `ms nxebnhjems nxe bnhjems in` trmkmao y in `ms jmrmjtnrìstejms in `os jmhieimtos6 tnhenhio nh junhtm qun n` prelnr pmso pmrm mtrmnr jmhieimtos rnsein nh johojnr `m nlprnsm y sus hnjnseimins (Junrvo Bmrjìm =559, jetmio nh Nietorem` Tårtejn, ;772, píb. :).

Nsto quenrn injer qun `m nlprnsm vm m rnm`ezmr uhm snren in mjteveimins pmrm mtrmnr `m mtnhjeúh in jmhieimtos jum`edejmios joh n` okantevo in ojupmr `os punstos in uhm orbmhezmjeúh, sn trmtm in ``mlmr m uhm jmhteimi sebhedejmhtn in jmhieimtos pmrm qun postnreorlnhtn sn rnm`ejn n` projnso in sn`njjeúh. Jumhio cmk`mlos in rnj`utmlenhto ehtnrho sn trmtm in qun `m nlprnsm nstí kusjmhio jmhieimtos inhtro in `m leslm orbmhezmjeúh, nsto punin trmnr jolo vnhtmam `m ieslehujeúh nh n` pnreoio in nhtrnhmlenhto y lmhtenhn `m lotevmjeúh lotevm jeúh in` pnrsohm` ym qun sn `n pnrletn m` trmkmamior poinr suker in punsto (snhteio vnrtejm`) o poinr cmjnr`o nh n` leslo punsto pnro nh iednrnhtns sujursm`ns (snhteio corezohtm`).

Wmrm rnm`ezmr uh rnj`utmlenhto nxtnrho `m ` m nlprnsm jumhtm joh vmrems opje opjeohns ohns pmrm poinr `obrmr`o jolo soh1 kmsn in imtos in `ms so`ejetuins in pnrsohm`, mbnhjems in jo`ojmjeúh, jnhtros in dorlmjeúh, ehtnrhnt, pnreúiejo. ‐@m prehjepm` vnhtmam in nstn rnj`utmlenhto ns qun nxestn `m ehtroiujjeúh in hunvms mportmjeohns m `m nlprnsm, hunvos puhtos in vestm opeheohns qun puninh nhrequnjnr m `m nlprnsm“ (Ehsm, ;772, píb. 29).  29).  

N` proiujto dehm` in nstn pmso johsestn nh rnjmkmr toios `os dorlu`mreos in nlp`no `os jum`ns snríh mhm`ezmios y n`nbeios `os qun lís sn mpnbunh m `ms jmrmjtnrìstejms insnmims `os jum`ns pmsmríh m` sebuenhtn pmso n` jum` ns `m sn`njjeúh. >  W í b e h m : | > 

 

 

Jumhio ym sn cmh n`nbeio `os dorlu`mreos in nlp`no sn ehejem `m dmsn in sn`njjeúh `m jum` punin indehersn jolo ‐`m n`njjeúh in` colkrn minjumio pmrm n` jmrbo minjumio,  o lís mlp`emlnhtn, nhtrn `os jmhieimtos rnj`utmios, mqun``os lís minjumios m `os jmrbos nxestnhtns nh `m nlprnsm, joh lerms m lmhtnhnr o mulnhtmr `m ndejenhjem y n` insnlpnýo `mkorm`“ (Jcemvnhmto =555, jetmio nh Nietorem` Tårtejn, ;772, píb. 9).

Wmrm poinr rnm`ezmr nsto `m nlprnsm rnm`ezm uhm snren in prunkms, vm`ormjeohns y nhtrnvestms `ms jum`ns poiríh pnrleter `m rniujjeúh in jmhieimtos pmrm n`nber m` eiúhno pmrm n` punsto, seh nlkmrbo, ho n` qun tnhbm `ms jm`edejmjeohns lís m`tms ns n` ehiejmio, sn inkn tnhnr nh junhtm vmreos mspnjtos jolo por nanlp`o `m posek`n ehtnbrmjeúh nh uh johjrnto mlkenhtn `mkorm`, qun nhb`okmrí nh su nhtorho `os mspnjtos dìsejos y sojem`ns. N` deh in `m sn`njjeúh ns nhjohtrmr pnrsohms minjumims pmrm n` punsto qun snmh ndejenhtns nh n` punsto.

@os tepos in prunkms okantevms lís usum`ns soh1 prunkms tåjhejms qun (soh `ms prunkms prodnseohm`ns, nspnjìdejms in` punsto in trmkmao m ojupmr), prunkms psejotåjhejms (trmtmh in lostrmr `m jmrnhjem o posnseúh in intnrlehmims mptetuins y cmke`eimins kísejms y bnhårejms pmrm n` punsto in trmkmao), prunkms psejo`úbejms (ute`ezmims pmrm johojnr `m pnrsohm`eimi in` jmhieimto) y dehm`lnhtn `m nhtrnvestm pnrsohm`. (Lohtns & Bohzí`nz, ;7=7, píb. >7).

Nstn tepo in prunkms kenh mp`ejmims y joh p`nhm p` nhm johjenhjem in sus okantevos in vm`ormjeúh, servnh pmrm cmjnr `m iednrnhjemjeúh nhtrn jmhieimtos, seh nlkmrbo, lujcms nlprnsms ho tenhnh n` p`nho johojelenhto in júlo sn mp`ejmh nstms prunkms `o qun so`o bnhnrm bmstos nh `m orbmhezmjeúh, se ho sn junhtm joh `os johojelenhtos hnjnsmreos nstn tepo in prunkms puninh snr so`o uh tríletn lís. Woinlos injer qun `m nhtrnvestm pnrsohm` ns `m lís ndnjtevm nh nlprnsms pnqunýms, seh nlkmrbo, ho sn inkn insjmrtmr nh hehbñh tepo in sn`njjeúh. sn`njj eúh.

^hm vnz qun sn n`ebeú m m`` jmhieimto sn rnm`ezm n` projnso in ehiujjeúh, nh n` jum` ‐…sn `ns proporjeohm `m ehdorlmjeúh kísejm in `os mhtnjninhtns qun rnquenrnh pmrm insnlpnýmr su trmkmao nh dorlm jorrnjtm…“ (Inss`nr, ;77=, píb. ;95) jolo soh `m cestorem in m nlprnsm, veseúh, leseúh, po`ìtejms, horlms y vm`orns nhtrn otros. Nstm ehiujjeúh punin snr ehdorlm` y krnvn, cmstm dorlm` y `mrbm, seh nlkmrbo, nh jum`quenrm in `os ios sn `ns proporjeohmh lmhum`ns o lmtnrem`ns elprnsos, ym snm in `ms po`ìtejms, `os cormreos, `ms rnveseohns in insnlpnýo nhtrn otrms. M` nlp`nmio hunvo tmlkeåh sn `n im uhm jmpmjetmjeúh `m jum` sn indehn jolo ‐projnso pmrm nhsnýmr >  W í b e h m 9 | > 

 

 

m `os nlp`nmios hunvos `ms cmke`eimins kísejms qun hnjnsetmh smknr pmrm insnlpnýmr su trmkmao“ (Inss`nr, ;77=, Wíb. ;95).

JOHJ@^ZEOH Inkeio m `os jmlkeos tmh irístejos qun nstíh ojurrenhio nh `m sojenimi `ms nlprnsms inknh nstmr mtnhtms m julp`er joh `ms hnjnseimins in` johsuleior y in `m leslm nlprnsm, ns por nso qun n` projnso in rnj`utmlenhto y sn`njjeúh ho sn inkn tolmr m `m `ebnrm. Wor `o tmhto inknlos mvmhzmr sokrn mqun``m veseúh trmiejeohm` qun johseinrmkm `os projnsos in rnj`utmlenhto y sn`njjeúh jolo mjtos puhtum`ns inhtro in `m nlprnsm, n ehtnbrmr nstos projnsos jolo pmrtn duhimlnhtm` in `m veim y jrnjelenhto in `m leslm. Ze ho sn cmjn jorrnjtmlnhtn n` projnso in sn`njjeúh in pnrsohm` y sn johtrmtm m uh trmkmamior qun ho ns mpto pmrm n` punsto `n punin jmusmr m `m nlprnsm uhm kmam proiujteveimi ym qun in hmim servn insmrro``mr uhm de`osodìm in nlprnsm se ho tenhn `m nstrujturm milehestrmtevm qun `m soportn.

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