Receptores Sensoriales

 

Pkjkptmrks sknsmrcdgks

Gms rkjkptmrks sknsmrcdgks jmnvckrtkn gd knkrfád hkg kstáaugm kn und skôdg nkrvcmsd, kn gd quk kstä jmhcecjdhd gd cnemradjcún y gds jdrdjtkrástcjds hkg kstáaugm. D jmntcnudjcún sk trdnsactk hkshk kg rkjkptmr, akhcdntk und skrck hk nkurmnds y rkgkvms scnäptcjms, ldstd gds rkfcmnks jkrk`rdgks kspkjáecjds, hknmacnänhmsk prmjksm sknsmrcdg. Gd cnerdkstrujturd hkg scstkad nkrvcmsm knjdrfdhd hk sustkntdr kstk prmjksm sk ggdad scstkad sknsmrcdg y jmnscstk kn kg jmnountm hk nkurmnds y scndpscs kxjctdtmrcds k cnlc`ctmrcds quk vdn hkshk gd pkrcekrcd (supkrecjck jmrpmrdg u úrfdnm rkjkptmr) ldstd gms ncvkgks aäs dgtms hkg scstkad nkrvcmsm jkntrdg. Xrdnshujjcún sknsmrcdg

Kg prmjksm utcgczdhm pmr gms rkjkptmrks sknsmrcdgks pdrd trdnsemradr gd knkrfád eáscjd hkg kstáaugm sknsmrcdg (prkscún, tkapkrdturd, mnhds kgkjtrmadfnãtcjds, ktj.) kn pmtknjcdgks hk djjcú djj cún, n, unchd unchdh h eunhd eunhdak aknt ntdg dg hk cnem cnemra radj djcú cún n kn kg sc scst stka kadd nk nkrv rvcm cmsm sm,, sk hk hknm nmac acnd nd trdnshujjcún sknsmrcdg. Kg prmjksm hk trdnshujjcún sk prmhujk kn und zmnd kspkjcdgczdhd hk gd aka`rdnd hkg rkjkptmr prcadrcm, m hk gd jãgugd rkjkptmrd kspkjcdgczdhd, hknmacndhd sknsmr. Jmhcecjdjcún sknsmrcdg

Gd Gdss nk nkur urmn mnds ds sk skns nsmr mrcd cdgk gkss sk kn knjdr jdrfd fdn n hk jm jmhc hcec ecjd jdrr gm gmss ks kstá táau augm gmss hk hkgg da`c da`cknt kntk. k. Gd jmhcecj jmhc ecjdjc djcún ún sk cncjcd cncjcd judnhm judnhm kg kstáau kstáaugm gm ks trdnsh trdnshujc ujchm hm pmr rkjkpt rkjkptmrk mrkss sknsmr sknsmrcdg cdgks ks y jmntcnÿd d akhchd quk gd cnemradjcún sk trdnsactk d ncvkgks prmfrkscvdakntk aäs kgkvdhms hkg ZNJ. Gds jdrdjtkrástcjds jmhcecjd`gks smn? 

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d) Amhdgchdh. Jdhd tpm kspkjáejm hk sknsdjcún rkjc`k kg nma`rk hk amhdgchdh. Gds e`rds nkrvcmsds smgm rdnsackn pmknjcdgks hk djjcún skd judg skd kg ksaugm. Gd amhdgchdh pkrjc`chd, hkpknhkrä hkg punm kspkjáejm kn kg scskad nkrvcmsm jknrdg hmnhk kracnd gd e`rd e`r d kxjcdh kxjcdhd. d. Dsá, Dsá, mhd mhd gd cn cnmra mradjc djcún ún quk ggkfd d rdvãs rdvãs hk gms nkrvcms nkrvcms úpt úptjms jms sk cnkrprkd jmam guz, cnjgusm sc gd skôdg rksugd hk gd prkscún dpgcjdhd kn kg fgm`m mjugdr, hdhm hdh m quk kracn kracndn dn kn gds ärkds ärkds vcsudg vcsudgks ks hkg jkrk`r jkrk`rm. m. Ks Ksd d ksp kspkjce kjcejch jchdh dh hk gds e`rds nkrvcmsds pdrd rdnsactr smgdaknk und amhdgchdh sknsctvd sk hknmacnd prcnjcpcm hk gd "gánkd rmugdhd m gánkd adrjdhd". `) Cntk Cntknsch nschdh. dh.  Gd cnkns cnknschd chdh h hkg ks ksaug augm m ksä ksä jmrrkg jmrrkgdjc djcmnd mndhd hd jmn gd rk rkjuk juknjc njcd d hk hksjdrfd hk gd e`rd sknsmrcdg. Gd cnknschdh hkg ksaugm aäs `dod quk un cnhcvchum pukhk hkkjdr sk hknmacnd ua`rdg sknsmrcdg . j) Hurdjcún. Gd hurdjcún ksä kn unjcún hk gd cnknschdh y hk gd pkradnknjcd hkg prmpcm ksaugm2 kn ksk ÿgtam jdsm hkpknhkrä hk sc gms rkjkpmrks djtvdhms smn hk dhdpdjcún räpchd, quk hkenkn kg prcnjcpcm y kg endg hkg ksaugm, m hk dhdpdjcún gknd, kn juym jdsm adntkn adn tknkn kn gd rk rkjukn juknjcd jcd hk hcs hcspdr pdrm m acknr acknrds ds pkr pkrscs scsk k kg ksaug ksaugm. m. Zcn ka`drf ka`drfm, m, sc kg ksaugm ks auy prmgmnfdhm, gms rkjkpmrks djd`dn pmr dhdpdrsk y jda`cdn su rkjuknjcd hk hcspdrm. h) Gmjdg Gmjdgczdjc czdjcún ún. Gms rkjkpm rkjkpmrks rks skn sknsmr smrcdg cdgks ks sk hcs hcspmn pmnkn kn kspdjc kspdjcdga dgakn knk k kn gms ko kochm chmss pkrcãrcjms hk gd supkrejck hkg jukrpm y gms pmknjcdgks hk djjcún ggkvdn gd cnmradjcún `äscjd d gms ncvkgks supkrcmrks pdrd gd gmjdgczdjcún hkg ksaugm. Kg jkrk`rm pmskk und

 

rkprkskndjcún prkjcsd hk ksms rkjkpmrks. Ksd rkprkskndjcún kspdjcdg hk gd supkrejck jmrpmrdg kn gd jmrkzd jkrk`rdg sk `dsd kn gms jdapms rkjkpmrks hk nkurmnds sknsmrcdgks.

Zcstkad smadtmsknsmrcdg

Kg scst scstka kadd sm smad adtm tmsk skns nsmr mrcd cdgg prmj prmjks ksdd cnem cnemra radj djcú cún n dj djkr krjd jd hk td tdjt jtm, m, pmscj pmscjcú cún, n, hmgmr hmgmr y tkapkr tka pkrdtu dturd. rd. Gms rkjkpt rkjkptmrk mrkss capgc capgcjdhm jdhmss kn gd trdnsh trdnshujj ujjcún cún hk kstds kstds sknsdj sknsdjcmn cmnks ks smn akjdnmrrkj akjdnmr rkjkpt kptmrks mrks,, kstcau kstcaugdh gdhms ms pmr kg hkspgd hkspgdzda zdackn ckntm tm akjänc akjäncjm jm hk dgfÿn dgfÿn tko tkochm chm hkg mrfdncsam2 tkramrrkjkptmrks, quk hktkjtdn jdgmr y erám y nmjcjkptmrks quk sk djtcvdn pmr  judgquc judg quckr kr edjtmr edjtmr quk hdôk hdôk gms tkochms tkochms gmjdgc gmjdgczdhm zdhmss pmr gd supkre supkrecjc cjckk hk tmhm tmhm kg jukrpm. jukrpm. Xda`cãn kxcstkn rkjkptmrks kn gd ausjugdturd ksqukgãtcjd y mtrms tkochms hk jukrpm quk knvá knvádn dn cne cnemra mradjc djcún dg ZNJ ZNJ sm`r m`rk kg ks ksttdhm dhm y gd pms pmscj cjccún hkg hkg jukr jukrpm pm.. Kstm Kstmss akjdnmrrkjkptmrks rkjc`kn kg nma`rk hk prmpcmjkptmrks. Gms rkjkptmrks jutänkms nm kstän hcstrc`uchms uncemrakakntk pmr gd supkrecjck hkg jukrpm, scnm quk ldy rkfcmnks jmn und adymr hknschdh pmr gm quk prkskntdn tda`cãn adymr  sknsc`cgch sknsc `cgchdh. dh. Gds zmnds aäs sknsc`gks sknsc`gks smn gd puntd hk gd gknfud, gknfud, gms gd`cms, gd puntd hk gms hkhms, kg hmrsm hk gd adnm y gd jdrd. Gms rkjkptmrks jutänkms smn hknhrctds hk nkurmnds sknsc skn sctcv tcvds ds quk pukhkn pukhkn knjmnt knjmntrdr rdrsk sk knjdps knjdpsugd ugdhds hds,, emradn emradnhm hm hcsjms hcsjms m tkr tkracn acndjc djcmnks mnks nkrvcmsds gc`rks. Uáds smadtmsknsmrcdgks

Gd cnemradjcún sknsmrcdg prmvknckntk hk gms rkjkptmrks hk gd supkrecjck jmrpmrdg pknktrd kn gd aãhugd kspcndg akhcdntk gds rdájks hmrsdgks hk gms nkrvcms kspcndgks. @ckn d kstk ncvkg m d ncvkg hkg trmnjm knjkeägcjm gms capugsms prmjkhkntks hk un gdhm hkg jukrpm jruzdn dg gdhm mpukstm. Ldy hms váds quk jmnkjtdn gms rkjkptmrks sknsmrcdgks jmn gd jmrtkzd jkrk`rdg. Zmn gms Zcstkads? Jmguand hmrsdg-gkancsjm y Dntkrmgdtkrdg. Kn da`ds váds gd cnemradjcún vcdod hkshk kg rkjkptmr ldstd gd jmrtkzd sknsctcvd y gd trdnsacscún sk rkdgczd akhcdntk jmnkxcmnks hk nkurmnds kn skrck? nkurmnds hk prcakr mrhkn, skfunhm, tkrjkrm y supkrcmrks. 

Zcstkad hk gd jmguand hmrsdg y gkancsjm. gkancsjm . Ks und vád emradhd pmr frupms hk trks nkurmnds kn skrck quk trdsactk gd cnemradjcún prmjkhkntk hk gd adymrád hk gms akjdnmrrkjk akjdnm rrkjkptmrks ptmrks y prmpcmjkptmr prmpcmjkptmrks ks ldstd gd jmrtkzd. jmrtkzd. Jmnstd Jmnstd prcnjcpdgak prcnjcpdgakntk ntk hk ec`rd ec`rdss nkrvcm nkrvcmsds sds ackgá ackgáncjd ncjdss hk jmnhujj jmnhujjcún cún räpchd räpchd.. Gds prcakr prcakrds ds nkurmn nkurmnds, ds, m nkurmnds hk prcakr mrhkn, tcknkn sus smads kn gms fdnfgcms hk gd rdáz hmrsdg hk gms nkr nkrvcms vcms rdquá dquáhk hkms ms m kn gms gms fdnf fdnfgc gcms ms jr jrdn dnkd kdggks y sus dx dxmn mnks ks ds dsjc jckn knhk hkn n mrhkndhdakntk pmr gd aãhugd kspcndg ldstd kg `ug`m, kn hms ldjks hknmacndhms jmguands hmrsdgks m ldz hk @urhdjl y hk Fmgg. Dggá kstd`gkjkn scndpscs sm`rk nkurmnds hk skfunhm mrhkn sctudhds kn gms nÿjgkms hk gds jmguands hmrsdgks. Kn jdhd jdhd rkgk rkgkvm vm sc scnä näpt ptcj cjm m sk adnt adntck cknkn nkn gd gdss rk rkgd gdjc jcmnk mnkss tm tmpm pmfr fräe äecj cjds ds (m (mrc rcknt kntdj djcú cún n kspdj kspdjcd cdg) g),, hk td tdgg adnk adnkrd rd qu qukk gd gdss prmy prmykjj kjjcm cmnk nkss hk gm gmss hk hkhms hms,, adnm adnm y `r `rdz dzm m sk adntcknkn ountds. Gms dxmnks hk gds nkurmnds hk skfunhm mrhkn jruzdn dg gdhm mpukstm (hkjusdjcún (hkjusdjcún)) y pknkt pknktrd rdn n kn kg gk gkan ancs csjm jm akhc akhcdg dg,, qu qukk ds dsjc jckn knhk hk ld ldst stdd kg tägdam hmnhk d ncvkg hkg nÿjgkm vkntrdg pmstkrmgdtkrdg (UYG) ldjkn scndpscs sm`rk nkurmnds hk tkrjkr mrhkn quk prmykjtdn sus dxmnks dg ärkd smadtmsknsmrcdg prcadrcd (ZC) hk gd jmrtkzd jkrrk`rdg. Ydrd trdnsactcr gd sknsc`cgchdh hk gd jdrd kxcstk gd vád hkg

 

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trcfãacnm quk ks kqucvdgkntk d gd vád hkg scstkad hk jmguand hmrsdg y gkancsjm kn kg rkstm hkg jukrpm. Zcstkad Dntkrmgdtkrdg . Ggdadhm tda`cãn kspcnmtdgäacjm, trdnspmrtd gd cnemradjcún hkg hmgmr, gd tkapkrdturd, kg tdjtm m prkscún frmskrms y gds sknsdjcmnks hk pcjmr y jmsqucggkm. Kstk scstkad jmntcknk prcnjcpdgakntk ec`rds hk jmnhujjcún gkntd. Gd vád kspcnm ksp cnmtdg tdgäac äacjd jd sk pukhk pukhk su`hcv su`hcvchc chcrr kn hms? hms? vád nkmspcn nkmspcnmtdgä mtdgäacjd acjd  gds ec` ec`rds rds sk  prmykjtdn kn gd jmrtkzd smadtmsknsmrcdg y vád pdgkmkspcnmtdgäacjd  jmn  prmykjjcmnks kn hcekrkntks puntms hkg tägdam. Gd vád nkmkspcnmtdgdacjd, tcknk gms dxmnks hk gds nkurmnds hk prcakr mrhkn (jmn smads kn gms fdnfgcms rdquáhkms) quk kstd`gkjkn scndpscs sm`rk nkurmnds hk skfunhm mrhkn, sctudhds kn gds dstds hmrsdgks hk gd aãhugd kspcndg. Gms dxmnks hk gds nkurmnds hk skfunhm mrhkn hkjusdn d ncvkg akhugdr y dsjcknhkn pmr un ldz hknmacndhm dntkrmgdtkrdg. Zk prmykjtdn, kn kg nÿjgkm vkntdg pmstkrmgdtkrdg (UYG) y nÿjgkms jmntcfums hkg tägdam hk gd acsad emrad smadtmtúpcjd. Dsjcknhkn d gd jmrtkzd j mrtkzd smadtmsknsmrcdg. Zk jrkk quk trdnsactkn cnemra cne mradjc djcún ún rkgdjc rkgdjcmnd mndhd hd jmn kg hmgmr hmgmr cntkns cntknsm, m, dfuhm dfuhm y `ck `ckn n gmjdgc gmjdgczdh zdhm. m. Gd vád  pdgkmkspcnmtdgäacjd sk jdrdjtkrczd pmr skr und vád pmgcscnäptcjd jmn scndpscs kn nuakrmsds ärkds hkg `ug`m, prmtu`krdnjcd y aksknjãedgm. Hkshk aksknjãedgm sk  prmykjtd d scstkad gáa`cjm (hmgmr prmhujchm pmr rkspukstds kamjcmndgks). Gms kstáaugms kstá augms hmgmrmsms hmgmrmsms hkshk kg ärkd rktcjugdr rktcjugdr hkg trmnjm sk prmykjtdn ldjcd kg nÿjgkm cntrdgdacndr hkg tägdam, scn und hcspmscjcún smadtmtúpcjd, y hkshk dggá hk emrad hceusd d pdrtks hkg lcpmtägdam y rkfcmnks dhydjkntks hkg jkrk`rm `dsdg. Kstd vád trdsactk kg hmgmr jrúncjm.

0.:.8 Jmrtkzd smadtmsknsmrcdg

Gd jmrtkzd smaätcjd kstä sctudhd hkträs hk gd jcsurd jkntrdg (m hk Pmgdnhm) y kstä emradhd  pmr trks ärkds. Gd prcakrd sk gmjdgczd kn gd jcrjunvmgujcún pdrcktdg dsjknhkntk y jmrrkspmnhk d gd pmrjcún dgdrfdhd, ks kg ärkd prcadrcd smaätcjd ZC  (ärkds hk @rmhadnn 4, 0, :d y :` :`). ). Ks Kstä tä ks kspk pkjc jcdg dgcz czdhd dhd kn kg dnägc dnägcsc scss hk gd cn cnem emra radj djcú cún n pr prmj mjkhk khknt ntkk hk gm gmss akjdnmrrkjkptmrks, hk gms prmpcmrrkjkptmrks y tda`cãn, dunquk kn aknmr akhchd, hk gms nmjcjkpt nmjc jkptmrk mrkss y gms tkramr tkramrrkj rkjkptm kptmrks rks.. Pkjc`k Pkjc`k cnemra cnemradjc djcún ún sknsct sknsctcvd cvd hcrkjt hcrkjtdd hkg täg tägdam dam (nÿjgkms UYG y UYA). Kn kggd sk m`skrvd, dg cfudg quk kn kg tägdam, und mrfdnczdjcún smadtmtúpcjd yd quk rkjc`k gds prmykjjcmnks hk gds nkurmnds hk tkrjkr mrhkn quk adntcknkn gd rkprkskntdjcún tmpmfräecjd. Ks hkjcr quk kn ZC ldy un adpd hk gd supkrecjck jmrpmrdg. Kstk adpd kn kg lma`rk sk hknmacnd lmaÿnjugm, y kg tdadôm hk gds ärkds ks hcrkjtdakntk  prmpmrjcmndg dg nÿakrm hk rkjkptmrks kspkjcdgczdhms kn jdhd zmnd hkg jukrpm. Dsá, gms gd`cms, kg rmstrm, kg pugfdr, ktj., smn gds pdrtks hkg jukrpm quk prkskntdn gd adymr supkrecjck kn gd jmrtkzd smaätcjd. Gd ZC sk prmykjtd d gd jmrtkzd smadtmsknsmrcdg skjunhdrcd ZCC (ärkd 89 hk @rmhadnn) y dg gú`ugm pdrcktdg pmstkrcmr (ärkds ; y 6). Kg ärkd ZCC (ärkd 89 hk @rmhadnn) tcknk tda`cãn mrfdnczdjcún smadtmtúpcjd pkrm, dg jmntrdrcm quk ZC, quk rkjc`k gd cnemradjcún sknsctcvd kxjgu kxj gusc scvd vdak aknt ntkk hkg gd gdhm hm mpuks mpukstm tm,, kn ks kstk tk jd jdsm sm gd cn cnem emra radj djcú cún n ks `c `cgd gdtk tkrd rdgg (r (rkj kjc` c`kk  prmykjjcmnks hk gms jdapms hk rkjkptmrks hk gd acsad amhdgchdh y hk da`ms gdhms). Gds ärkds ; y 6 hk @rmhadnn hk gd jmrtkzd jkrk`rdg, sctudhds hkträs hkg ärkd sknsctcvd smaätcjd ZC y pmr knjcad hk ZCC, sk jmnmjkn jmam ärkds hk dsmjcdjcún sknsctcvd, hdhm quk rkjc`kn cnemradjcún hk und frdn vdrckhdh hk eukntks (hk ZC y ZCC, hk gms nÿjgkms vkntrm`dsdgks hkg

 

tägdam, hk mtrds ärkds hkg tägdam y hk gd jmrtkzd vcsudg y duhctcvd), quk sk vcnjugdn jmn amtcvdjcmnks y mpmrtunchdhks pdrtcjugdrks pdrd gd djjcún.