RDA - Resource Description and Access

RDA

Introduction Resource Description and Access (RDA) • First published in 2010 • Available as an online resource via subscription and in print • “…provides a set of guidelines and instructions on recording data to support resource discovery.” (RDA, 0.0) • Conceptual models: • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) • Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD)

• “..built on foundations established by the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) and the cataloging traditions on which it was based.” (0.3.1) • Other key standards: • ISBD • MARC 21

• Members of the Joint Steering Committee (JSC) for Development of RDA (Maxwell, 2014): • • • • • •

American Library Association Australian Committee on RDA British Library Canadian Committee on Cataloguing Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals Library of Congress

• Divided into 10 sections (0.5) • • • • • • • • •

•

Section 1 (Chapters 2-4) – Attributes of manifestations and items Section 2 (Chapter 6-7) – Attributes of works and expressions Section 3 (Chapter 9-11) – Attributes of persons, families, and corporate bodies Section 4 (Chapter 13-16) – Attributes of concepts, objects, events, and places Section 5 (Chapter 17) – Primary relationships between a work, expression, manifestation, and item Section 6 (Chapter 19-22) – Relationships used to find works, expressions, manifestations, and items associated with a particular person, family or corporate body Section 7 (Chapter 23) – Relationships used to find works on a particular subject Section 8 (Chapter 25-28) – Relationships used to find related works, related expressions, related manifestations, and related items Section 9 (Chapter 30-32) – Relationships used to find related persons, related families, and related corporate bodies Section 10 (Chapter 34-37) – Relationships used to find related concepts, objects, events, and places

• Core elements – required as a minimum for the description of a resource or entity. • Examples of core elements for recording attributes of manifestations and items (0.6): • • • • • • • • •

Title proper Statement of responsibility relating to title proper Designation of edition Place of publication Publisher’s name Date of publication Identifier for the manifestation Carrier type Extent

FRBR • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • Published in 1998 • Conceptual model • Not a set of rules • Entity-relationship model • Entity (a class of things) • Relationship (association among entities) • Attribute (characteristic of an entity)

FRBR User Tasks • Find • to locate either a single entity or a set of entities as the result of a search using an attribute or relationship of the entity

• Identify • to confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics

• Select • to choose an entity that meets the user's requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject an entity as being inappropriate to the user's needs

• Obtain • to acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically through an online connection

FRAD User Tasks • Find • Locate an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria

• Identify • Identify an entity

• Contextualize • Place a person, corporate body, work, etc., in context

• Justify • Document the authority data creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which an access point is based

FRBR Entities • Group 1: Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item • Group 2: Person, Family, Corporate Body • Group 3: Concept, Place, Event, Object, Group 1 and Group 2 entities

Group 1 Entities • Work: a distinct intellectual or artistic creation • Expression: the intellectual or artistic realization of a work • Manifestation: the physical embodiment of an expression of a work • Item: a single exemplar of a manifestation

Group 1 Entities and Primary Relationships Work is realized through

Expression is embodied in

Manifestation is exemplified by

Item

Example: • W1 Chan’s “Introduction to Cataloging and Classification” • E1 First edition • M1 Book published in 1981 • I1 Copy in UP SLIS Library

• E2 Second edition • M1 Book published in 1994 • I1 Copy in UP SLIS Library

• E3 Third edition • M1 Book published in 2007 • I1 Copy 1 in UP SLIS Library • I2 Copy 2 in UP SLIS Library

• E4 Fourth edition • M1 Book published in 2016 • I1 Copy in UP SLIS Library

• M2 e-Book published in 2016 • I1 Copy in UP SLIS Library

Group 2 Entities • Person: an individual • Family: “two or more persons related by birth, marriage, adoption, civil union, or similar legal status, or who otherwise present themselves as a family” (FRAD, 2013, p. 8) • Corporate Body: “an organization or group of persons and/or organizations identified by a particular name acting as a unit” (FRAD, 2013, p. 9).

Group 2 Entities and “Responsibility” Relationship created / is created by

Person realized / is realized by

Family Corporate Body

produced / is produced by

Work Expression

Manifestation

owned / is owned by

Item

Group 3 Entities • Concept: an abstract notion or idea • Object: a material thing • Event: an action or occurrence • Place: a location

Group 3 Entities and “Subject” Relationships Work has as subject

has as subject has as subject

Work

Concept Person

Expression

Object Family

Manifestation

Event Corporate Body

Item

Place

Manifestations and Items

RDA Chapters for Manifestations and Items • Chapter 1: General guidelines on recording attributes of manifestations and items • Chapter 2: Identifying manifestations and items • Chapter 3: Describing carriers • Chapter 4: Providing acquisition and access information

Some General Guidelines on Transcription • Capitalization: Refer to instructions in RDA Appendix A • Punctuation: Transcribe as it appears on the source • Diacritical Marks: Transcribe as they appear on the source • Abbreviations: Refer to instructions in RDA Appendix B • Inaccuracies: Transcribe as it appear on the source, unless instructions indicate otherwise

Preferred Source of Information (2.2.2) • Books (2.2.2.2): title page • If without title page: (1) cover or jacket; (2) caption; (3) masthead; (4) colophon

• Motion pictures and videorecordings (2.2.2.3): title frame • Alternative: label with a title permanently printed or affixed to the resource

• Tangible resources (2.2.2.4.1): • A textual source on the resource itself or a permanently printed or fixed label on the resource • An internal source • Container or accompanying material

• Online resources (2.2.2.4.2): Title in • Textual content • Embedded metadata in textual form

Other Sources of Information (2.2.4) 1. Accompanying material that is not treated as part of the resource itself 2. Other published descriptions of the resource 3. Container not issued with the resource itself 4. Any other available source

Title (2.3) • Core element • Transcribe a title as it appears on the source of information (2.3.1.4)

Title Proper (2.3.2) • Core element • “The chief name of a resource (i.e., the title normally used when citing the resource.” • Take the title proper from the preferred source of information (2.3.2.2).

Parallel Title Proper (2.3.3) • “The title proper in another language and/or script.”

Title proper Parallel title proper

Takipsilim Twilight

Other Title Information (2.3.4) • “Information that appears in conjunction with, and is subordinate to, the title proper of a resource.” • In general, do not supply other title information, except for cartographic resources and moving image resources.

Variant Title (2.3.6.1) • “A title associated with a resource that differs from a title recorded as the title proper, a parallel title proper, other title information...” • Includes the following: • Those that appear in the resource itself, on a jacket, sleeve, container, etc., or in accompanying material • Those associated with a resource through reference sources • Those assigned by an agency registering or preparing a description of the resource

Title proper

The wolrd of computers

Variant title proper

The world of computers

Note on title

Corrected title: The world of computers

Statement of Responsibility (2.4) • “A statement relating to the identification and/or function of any persons, families, or corporate bodies responsible for the creation of, or contributing to the realization of, the intellectual or artistic content of a resource.” (2.4.1.1) • Core element: Statement of responsibility relating to the title proper • If more than one statement of responsibility, only the first recorded is required. • Transcribe a statement of responsibility as it appears on the source of information (2.4.1.4).

Statement of Responsibility Relating to Title Proper (2.4.2) • “A statement associated with the title proper of a resource that relates to the identification and/or function of any persons, families, or corporate bodies responsible for the creation of, or contributing to the realization of, the intellectual or artistic content of the resource.” (2.4.2.1) • Sources of information, in order of preference (2.4.2.2): 1. 2. 3.

The same source as the title proper Another source within the resource itself One of the other sources of information

Edition Statement (2.5) • Core elements: Designation of edition and designation of a named revision of an edition • “Statement identifying the edition to which a resource belongs” (2.5.1.1). • Transcribe an edition statement as it appears on the source of information (2.5.1.4).

Designation of Edition (2.5.2) • “A word, character, or group of words and/or characters, identifying the edition to which a resource belongs” (2.5.2.1). • Sources of information, in order of preference (2.5.2.2): • The same source as the title proper • Another source within the resource itself • One of the other sources of information

Designation of edition

2nd ed.

Designation of edition

Third edition

Designation of a Named Revision of an Edition (2.5.6) • “A word, character, or group of words and/or characters, identifying a particular revision of a named edition” (2.5.6.1). • Sources of information, in order of preference (2.5.6.2): • The same source as the title proper • Another source within the resource itself • One of the other sources of information

Designation of edition

3rd ed.

Designation of a named revision of an edition

revised and illustrated

Production Statement (2.7) • Core element: Date of production • “A statement identifying the place or places of production, producer or producers, and date or dates of production of a resource in an unpublished form” (2.7.1.1).

Date of Production (2.7.6) • “Date associated with the inscription, fabrication, construction, etc., of a resource in an unpublished form” (2.7.6.1). • Record dates of production as they appear on the source of information (2.7.1.4). • If the date of production is not identified in the resource (2.7.6.6): • Supply the date or approximate date of production; or • If cannot reasonably be determined, record date of production not identified.

Publication Statement (2.8) • Core elements: Place of publication, publisher’s name, and date of publication • “Statement identifying the place or places of publication, publisher or publishers, and date or dates of publication of a resource” (2.8.1.1). • Transcribe the places of publication and name/s of publisher/s as they appear on the source of information. Record dates of publication as they appear on the source of information (2.8.1.4).

Place of Publication (2.8.2) • If more than one place of publication, only the first recorded is required. • “Place associated with the publication, release, or issuing of a resource” (2.8.2.1). • “If the place of publication is not identified in the resource, supply the place of publication or probable place of publication if it can be determined” (2.8.2.6).

• Supplying place of publication: • • • •

Known place of publication: [Manila] Probable place of publication: [Makati City?] Known country, state, province, etc.: [Philippines] Probable country, state, province, etc.: [Philippines?]

• “Record Place of publication not identified if neither a known or probable local place or country, state, province, etc., of publication can be determined” (2.8.2.6.5).

Publisher’s Name (2.8.4) • If more than one publisher’s name, only the first recorded is required. • “The name of a person, family, or corporate body responsible for publishing, releasing, or issuing a resource” (2.8.4.1). • “Record publisher not identified if no publisher is named within the resource itself and the publisher cannot be identified from other sources” (2.8.4.7)

Date of Publication (2.8.6) • “Date associated with the publication, release, or issuing of a resource” (2.8.6.1). • If the date of publication is not identified, supply the date or approximate date of publication (2.8.6.6). • Actual year known: [2016] • Probable year: [2016?]

• Record date of publication not identified if an approximate date of publication cannot reasonably be determined (2.8.6.6).

Copyright Date (2.11) • “Date associated with a claim of protection under copyright or a similar regime” (2.11.1.1). • Precede the copyright date by the copyright symbol (©) or the phonogram copyright symbol (℗). If the appropriate symbol cannot be reproduced, use copyright or phonogram copyright (2.11.1.3).

Copyright date

©2016

Copyright date

copyright 2016

Series Statement (2.12) • Core elements: Title proper of series, Numbering within series, Title proper of subseries, and numbering within subseries. • “Statement identifying a series to which a resource belongs and the numbering of the resource within the series” (2.12.1.1.).

• Title Proper of Series • “The chief name of a series” (2.12.2.1).

• Numbering within Series • “A designation of the sequencing of a part or parts within a series” (2.12.9.1).

• Title Proper of Subseries • “The chief name of a subseries” (2.12.10.1).

• Numbering within Subseries • “A designation of the sequencing of a part or parts within a subseries” (2.12.17.1).

Mode of Issuance (2.13) • “A categorization reflecting whether a resource is issued in one or more parts, the way it is updated, and whether its termination is predetermined or not” (2.13.1.1). • Source of information (2.13.1.2): the resource itself • Use one or more terms from the following, as appropriate: single unit, multipart monograph, serial, integrating resource (2.13.1.3).

Identifier for the Manifestation (2.15) • “A character string associated with a manifestation that serves to differentiate that manifestation from other manifestation” (2.15.1.1). • Includes the ISBN and ISSN.

Media Type (3.2) • “Categorization reflecting the general type of intermediation device required to view, play, run, etc., the content of a resource” (3.2.1.1). • Record using one or more of the following: audio, computer, microform, microscopic, projected, stereographic, unmediated, video, other, unspecified (3.2.1.3).

Carrier Type (3.3) • “Categorization reflecting the format of the storage medium and housing of a carrier in combination with the type of intermediate device required to view, play, run, etc., the content of a resource” (3.3.1.1). • Record using one or more terms as listed in 3.3.1.3.

• Unmediated carriers: • • • • • •

card flipchart object roll sheet volume

• Computer carriers: • • • • • • • •

computer card computer chip cartridge computer disc computer disc cartridge computer tape cartridge computer tape cassette computer tape reel online resource

Extent (3.4) • “The number and type of units and/or subunits making up a resource” (3.4.1.1). • Unit: a physical or logical constituent of a resource (e.g., volume, digital file, online resource) • Subunit: a physical or logical subdivision of a unit (e.g., a page of a volume)

• Record by giving the number of units and the type of the unit (3.4.1.3) • Use an appropriate term from the list of carrier types for the type of unit.

Comparative Examples for Recording Extent AACR2

RDA

xvi, 357 p.

xvi, 357 pages

12 v.

12 volumes

312 [i.e. 321] p.

312 pages, that is, 321 pages

vii, 453, [16] p.

vii, 453 pages, 16 unnumbered pages

[8], 621 p.

8 unnumbered pages, 621 pages

ca. 600 p.

approximately 600 pages

32, [23] leaves

32 leaves, 23 unnumbered leaves

1 v. (various pagings)

1 volume (various pagings)

673 p., 8 p. of plates

673 pages, 8 pages of plates

3 v. (xx, 1230 p.)

3 volumes (xx, 1230 pages)

Dimensions (3.5) • “The measurements of the carrier or carriers and/or the container of a resource” (3.5.1.1). • Record using centimetres (cm), unless instructed otherwise. • For volumes: • Record the height: 25 cm • If less than 10 centimetres, use millimeter: 65 mm

• For discs: • Record the diameter: 12 cm

Terms of Availability (4.2) • “Conditions under which the publisher, distributor, etc., will normally supply a resource or the price of a resource” (4.2.1.1). • Take information from any source (4.2.1.2).

Uniform Resource Locator (4.6) • “The address of a remote access resource” (4.6.1.1). • Take information from any source (4.6.1.2).

Attributes of the Item • Custodial History of Item (2.18) • “A record of previous ownership or custodianship of an item” (2.18.1.1.).

• Immediate Source of Acquisition of Item (2.19) • “The source from which the agency directly acquired an item and the circumstances under which it was received” (2.19.1.1.)

• Identifier for the Item • “A character string associated with an item that serves to differentiate that item from other items” (2.20.1.1).

Works and Expressions

RDA Chapters for Works and Expressions • Chapter 5: General guidelines on recording attributes of works and expressions • Chapter 6: Identifying works and expressions • Chapter 7: Describing content

Title of the Work (6.2) • Core elements: Preferred title for the work and identifier for the work • “A word, character, or group of words and/or characters by which a work is known” (6.2.1.1). • Take from any source

Preferred Title for the Work (6.2.2) • “Title or form of title chosen to identify the work” (6.2.2.1). • Works created after 1500 (6.2.2.4): • “Choose as the preferred title the title or form of title in the original language by which the work is commonly identified either through use in resources embodying the work or in reference sources.”

• Works created before 1501 (6.2.2.5): • “Choose as the preferred title the title or form of title in the original language by which the work is commonly identified in modern reference sources. If the evidence of modern reference sources is inconclusive, choose (in this order of preference) the title most frequently found in: 1. 2. 3.

modern editions early editions manuscript copies

• Exception: Classical and Byzatine Greek Works • If a work is originally written in classical Greek or a work is created by a Greek church father or Byzatine writer before 1453, then choose as the preferred title a wellestablished title in a language preferred by the cataloging agency creating the data.

Recording the Preferred Title • For a Work (6.2.2.8):

Florante at Laura • For One Part of a Work (6.2.2.9.1):

The return of the king The fellowship of the ring

• Two or More Parts (6.2.2.9.2):

Book 1-6 Book 2 Book 4 • Complete Works by One Person, Family, or Corporate Body (6.2.2.10):

Works

• Complete Works in a Single Form (6.2.2.10.2):

Novels Essays Plays • Other Compilations of Two or More Works (6.2.2.10.2): Record for each of the works

Noli me tangere El filibusterismo

Content Type (6.9) • “Categorization reflecting the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived” (6.9.1.1). • Record using one or more of the terms listed in Table 6.1 of Chapter 6.

• • • • • • • • • • •

Cartographic dataset Cartographic image Cartographic moving image Cartographic tactile threedimensional form Cartographic threedimensional form Computer dataset Computer program Notated movement Notated music Performed music Sounds

• • • • • • • • •

Spoken word Still image Tactile music Tactile notated music Tactile text Tactile three-dimensional form Text Three-dimensional form Three-dimensional moving image • Two-dimensional moving image

Language of Expression (6.11) • “Language in which a work is expressed” (6.11.1.1). • Take from any source.

Dissertation or Thesis Information (7.9) • “Information about a work presented as part of the formal requirements for an academic degree” (7.9.1.1). • Record the following information: • Academic degree • Granting institution or faculty • Year degree granted

Title proper

A content analysis of prescribed reading materials about Martial Law in public high schools in the Philippines

Statement of responsibility relating to title proper

Ernesto M. Dimalanta

Academic degree

M.L.I.S.

Granting institution or faculty

University of the Philippines Diliman

Year degree granted

2014

Illustrative Content (7.15) • “Content intended to illustrate the primary content of a resource” (7.15.1.1) • Record illustration or illustrations.

Supplementary Content (7.16) • “Content (e.g., an index, bibliography, an appendix) intended to supplement the primary content of a resource” (7.16.1.1).

Includes index. Bibliography: pages 689-693.

Colour Content (7.17) • “Presence of colour, tone, etc., in the content of a resource” (7.17.1.1). • Record using one or both of the following, as appropriate: monochrome, polychrome • Alternative: record using one or more terms from a substitute vocabulary (e.g., black and white, colour)

• Record details of colour content if considered important (7.17.1.4)

Chiefly colour Some colour

Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies

RDA Chapters for Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies • Chapter 8: General guidelines on recording attributes of persons, families, and corporate bodies • Chapter 9: Identifying persons • Chapter 10: Identifying families • Chapter 11: Identifying corporate bodies

Preferred Name for the Person (9.2.2) • “The name or form of name chosen to identify the person” (9.2.2.1). • “Generally choose the name by which the person is commonly known” (9.2.2.3).

Gonzales, N. V. M. Instead of Gonzales, Nestor Vicente Madali

• Include other identifying elements for the person: • Date of Birth (9.3.2) • Date of Death (9.3.3) • Title of the Person, if indicative of royalty, nobility, or ecclesiastical rank or office, or a term of address for a person of religious vocation (9.4)

• Other Designation Associated with the Person, if (9.6): • Christian saint (9.6.1.4): Saint • Spirit (9.6.1.5): Spirit • Person named in a sacred scripture or an apocryphal book (9.6.1.6): Angel, Biblical figure, Demon • Fictitious or legendary person (9.6.1.7): Fictitious character, Legendary character • Real non-human entity (9.6.1.8): record a designation for type, species, or breed.

Joan, of Arc, Saint Mark, Saint (Spirit) Agoncillo, Teodoro A., 1912-1985 Lee, Ricky, 1948Francis, Pope Spiderman (Fictitious character) Books, Dewey Readmore (Cat), 1987-2006 Gabriel (Angel) Charles, Prince of Wales, 1948-

Preferred Name of the Family (10.2.2) • “Name or form of name chosen to identify the family” (10.2.2.1). • Generally choose the name by which the family is commonly known. Can be: • Surname used by members of the family • Name of a royal house or dynasty • Name of a clan

Type of Family (10.3) • “Categorization or generic descriptor for the type of family” (10.3.1). • Record using an appropriate term (e.g., family, clan, royal house, dynasty)

Date Associated with the Family (10.4) • “Significant date associated with the history of the family” (10.4.1.1). • Record using the same instructions for dates associated with a person.

Romanov (Dynasty) Windsor (Royal house) Peale (Family : 1741-1827) Donald (Clan)

Preferred Name of the Corporate Body (11.2.2) • “Name or form of name chosen to identify the corporate body” (11.2.2.1). • Generally choose the name by which the corporate body is commonly identified (11.2.2.3).

Relationships

RDA Chapters for Recording Relationships • Chapters 18-22, Appendix I: Resource and persons, families, corporate bodies • Chapters 24-28, Appendix J: Between resources • Chapters 29-32, Appendix K: Between persons, families, corporate bodies

Recording Relationships to Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with a Resource (18.4) • Use one or both of the following: • Identifier • Authorized access point

• “Record a relationship designator to indicate the specific function performed by a person, family, or corporate body in relation to the resource” (18.4.1). • “Record one or more applicable terms from Appendix I. Record the designator with and identifier and/or authorized access authorized access point representing that person, family, or corporate body.” (18.15.1.3)

Balagtas, Francisco, author Philippine Dental Association, issuing body Medina, Theresa, compiler Reyes, Marjorie, editor Tamayo, Reynaldo, illustrator Cayabyab, Harry, translator Galang, Bernard, current owner Langit, Rey, autographer

Recording Relationships between Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items (24.4) • Record using one or more of the following: • Identifier for the related work, expression, manifestation, or item • Authorized access point representing the related work or expression • Description of the related work, expression, manifestation or item

• “Record an appropriate relationship designator to specify the nature of the relationship.”

Description of the Related Work, Expression, Manifestation, or Item (24.4.3): • Provide a description by using either: • Structured description (i.e., a full or partial description of the related resource using the same data that would be recorded in RDA elements for a description of that related resource). Present the data in the order specified by a recognized display standard (e.g., ISBD presentation). • Unstructured description (i.e., a full or partial description of the related resource written as a sentence or paragraph)

• Record a relationship designator with the authorized access point, identifier, and/or description representing the related work, expression, manifestation, or item (24.5.1.1). • Record an appropriate term from RDA Appendix J (24.5.1.3).

• Structured description: • Reprint of: Venice / by Cecil Roth. — Philadelphia : The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1930. — (Jewish communities series) • Supplement: Forbes ASAP. — New York, NY : Forbes, 1992–2001. — Absorbed by: Forbes, September 2001

• Unstructured description: • Reprint of the revised and updated edition published in 1971 by Farrar, Straus & Giroux • Original letters in the collection of the Watkinson Library, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut • Filmed with three other titles

References: • International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (2009). Functional requirements for bibliographic records: Final report. • International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (2013). Functional requirements for authority data: A conceptual model. • Maxwell, R. L. (2014). Maxwell’s handbook for RDA: Explaining and illustrating RDA: Resource description and access using MARC 21. London: Facet Publishing. • RDA toolkit. Retrieved from http://access.rdatoolkit.org