Ravina vs. Villa-Abrille

142 PATROC ROCINIA NIA RAVINA INA AND WILFRE LFRED DO etitio ione ners rs,, vs. MAR RAVINA, Petit MARY ANN ANN P. VILL VILLA A ABRILLE, for herself a! " #ehalf of IN$RID D%LYN P. VILLA ABRILLE, IN$REMAR& D%WI$'T VILLA ILLA ABRILL RILLE E, IN$R IN$RE E(OLL (OLL DIEL( IEL( VILL VILLA A ABRILLE AND IN$RELYN DYAN VILLA ABRILLE,

A0T'OR:

N#$%S:

Respondents. $.R. No. 1)*+* O-o#er 1), 2**/ TOPIC: CPG: Charges upon obligations PONENTE: QUISIMBING, !ting C". FACT(

Mar& nn and Pedro Pedro 'illa(brill 'illa(brille e )ere husband and and )i*e. $he& had *our !hildren +herein +herein respondents. respondents. $he properties properties involved in this !ase are: +-/0 1ot 2 3 a!4uired b& the spouses during their 5arriage6 5arriage6 1ot / 3 a!4uired a!4uired b& Pedro )hen he )as still single6 7ouse built on lot 2 and / 3 built *ro5 their 8oint e9orts and the pro!eeds o* a loan *ro5 BP. +-- Pedro Pedro got a 5istress. 5istress. Pedro Pedro o9ered to to sell the house and t)o lots to petitioners petitioners Ravina. Ravina. Mar& nn ob8e!ted. Pedro Pedro still sold the properties properties )ithout her !onsent. !onsent. Pedro, Pedro, )ith the !onnivan!e Ravina Ravina and so5e Civili Civilian an r5ed r5ed ;or! ;or!es es +C;G +C;GU U trans* trans*er erre red d all all the belong belonging ings s *ro5 *ro5 the house house to an apart5 apart5ent ent and prevented Mar& nn and the a5ination o* the title. R$C 3 $he sale o*: 1ot 2 3 void as to ? representing share o* Mar& nn6 1ot / 3 void as to ? representing share o* Mar& nn )ho did not !onsent6 house 3 void as to ?6 pa& Mar& nn the value o* belongings that )ere lost6 pa& 5oral and e>e5plar& da5ages and the !ost o* suit. C 3 sale o* 1ot / 3 valid6 sale o* 1ot 2 3 null and void6 ordered Pedro to return the value o* the !onsideration to Ravina6 ordered Ravina to re!onve& the house and 1ot to spouses Pedro and Mar& nn6 ordered Pedro and Ravina to pa& Mar& nn 5oral and e>e5plar& da5ages. I((0E(:

+- @hether 1ot 2 is an e>!lusive propert& o* Pedro or !on8ugal propert&. +0 @hether sale o* 1ot 2 b& Pedro )as valid !onsidering the absen!e o* Mar& nnAs !onsent. 'ELD:

+- Presu5ed to be Con8ugal propert& o* spouses Pedro and Mar& nn. +0 nnullable )ith =ve &ears RATIO:

+- Petitioner Ravina asserts that 1ot 2 )as e>!lusive propert& o* Pedro, it being a!4uired b& Pedro thru barter or e>!hange )ith his another e>!lusive propert&.  $he Court is not persuaded. No eviden!e )as addu!ed to sho) that the sub8e!t propert& )as a!4uired through e>!hange or barter. $he presu5ption o* the !on8ugal nature o* the propert& subsists in the absen!e o* !lear, satis*a!tor& and !onvin!ing eviden!e to over!o5e said presu5ption or to prove that the sub8e!t propert& is e>!lusivel& o)ned b& Pedro. $he *a!t is, 1ot 2 )as a!4uired in -/0 during the 5arriage o* Pedro and Mar& nn. 1i!lusivel& to the husband h usband or to the )i*e.D +0 Signi=!antl&, a sale or en!u5bran!e o* !on8ugal propert& !on!luded a*ter the e9e!tivit& o* the ;a5il& Code on ugust E, -//, is governed b& rti!le -0F o* the sa5e Code that no) treats su!h a disposition to be void i* done +a )ithout the !onsent o* both the husband and the )i*e, or +b in !ase o* one spouseAs inabilit&, the authorit& o* the !ourt. rti!le -0F o* the ;a5il& Code, the governing la) at the ti5e the assailed sale )as !ontra!ted, is e>pli!it:

R$. -0F. $he ad5inistration and en8o&5ent o* the !on8ugal partnership propert& shall belong to both spouses 8ointl&. In !ase o* disagree5ent, the husbandAs de!ision shall prevail, sub8e!t to re!ourse to the !ourt b& the )i*e *or proper re5ed& )hi!h 5ust be availed o* )ithin =ve &ears *ro5 the date o* the !ontra!t i5ple5enting su!h de!ision. In the event that one spouse is in!apa!itated or other)ise unable to parti!ipate in the ad5inistration o* the !on8ugal properties, the other spouse 5a& assu5e sole po)ers o* ad5inistration. $hese po)ers do not in!lude the po)ers o* disposition or en!u5bran!e )hi!h 5ust have the authorit& o* the !ourt or the )ritten !onsent o* the other spouse. In the absen!e o* su!h authorit& or !onsent, the disposition or en!u5bran!e shall be void. 7o)ever, the transa!tion shall be !onstrued as a !ontinuing o9er on the part o* the !onsenting spouse and the third person, and 5a& be per*e!ted as a binding !ontra!t upon the a!!eptan!e b& the other spouse or authoriation b& the !ourt be*ore the o9er is )ithdra)n b& either or both o9erors.  $he parti!ular provision in the Ne) Civil Code giving the )i*e ten +- &ears to annul the alienation or en!u5bran!e )as not !arried over to the ;a5il& Code. It is thus !lear that alienation or en!u5bran!e o* the !on8ugal partnership propert& b& the husband )ithout the !onsent o* the )i*e is null and void. 7en!e, 8ust li