Ratio Analysis @ Gadag Textile Mill Project Report Mba Finance

A STUDY OF ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

LIST OF TABLES Table No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Name of the Table Comparative Balance sheet Comparative Income Statement Comparative Balance sheet Comparative Income Statement Common-size Income Statement Common-size Balance Sheet Trend Income Statement Trend Balance Sheet Current Ratio Quick Ratio Inventory turnover ratio Total Assets Turnover Ratio Gross Profit Ratio Net profit Ratio

Page No.

LIST OF CHARTS Chart No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Name of the Chart Current Ratio Quick Ratio Inventory Turnover Ratio Total Assets Turnover Ratio Gross Profit Ratio Net Profit Ratio

Institute of management studies

Page No.

BIMS BAGALKOT

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

I

Chapter 1  

II

Executive summary Purpose of the Study



Objectives of the Study



Methodology



Limitations of the study

Chapter 2 

III

GCTM HULKOTI

Introduction to the company 

History of the company



Introduction



Profile of the company



Organization structure

Chapter 3 

Introduction to the topic



Techniques of analysis and Interpretation



Findings



Suggestions



Conclusion



SWOT Analysis of the company

IV

Chapter 4 Appendix 

Bibliography



Annexure

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GCTM HULKOTI

CHAPTER-1

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GCTM HULKOTI

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

Gadag Co-Operative Textile Mill Ltd Hulkoti established in 1972 by late shri.K.H.Patil at Hulkoti in Gadag district. It is producing main product as yarn. The company started with a production cost of RS.220lakhs.It is started producing yarn in the year 1973. It was a great experience to undergo summer in plant training on “A study on financial Analysis and Interpretation” .During the study I found that the company is carrying its activity in producing yarn. .This study is conducted in order to know how the organization is maintaining the financial statements. So as to identify the problems of such a title and give suggestions and conclusions. In addition to this concept studying the over all organization role of different department functions of their respective departments, procedures and policies. In this report I made an effort to know the financial position of the GCTM Company .My topic is “A study of financial Analysis and Interpretation” which means that a process to identify the financial performance of a firm by properly establishing the relationship between the items of balance sheet and profit or loss account. Thus, we can say that, Financial Analysis is a starting point for making plans before using any sophisticated forecasting and planning.

Purpose of the study

A company’s balance sheet and profit & loss accounts are valuable information sources for identifying risk taking and assessing risk management effectiveness. Although amounts found on these statements does not provide valuable insights of performance so Financial analysis and Interpretation is required for BABASAB PATIL

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determining good or bad performance of company and also for determining its causes. The study includes the calculation of different financial ratios, Trend analysis, comparative income and Balance sheet, common size cash flow and fund flow statements.

It compares five years financial statements of the company to know its

performance in these different years. This report includes the profile of the G.C.T.M.Hulkoti. It

contains brief

introduction ,nature of the business, product profile and process and organization structure. This report includes the findings and suggestions, conclusions of the study done in order to give better suggestions. This study has done by taking the past five years financial statements of the company. For the analysis of data the simple percentage method is used and the data is shown by using the some graphs. Finally the study has helped to me in many ways to acquire the knowledge about the company performance and its profitability.

OBJECTIVES OF ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION :

Following are the main objectives of analysis and interpretation of financial statements. 1.To study the earning capacity of the firm

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2. To study the progress of the firm 3

To assess the efficiency of the firm.

4

To determine the firms paying capacity to measure the financial Performance of the firm.

5. To prepare the comparative statements of the mill. By using the Financial Statements of past years 6. To know past performance and financial position of the mill. METHODOLOGY OF DATA COLLECTION: Before the collection of data, it is often advisable to all other aspects of the study. We need to recognize the scope, need and importance as well as the objectives of the study. After the purpose has been defined, the next step is to decide about the sources of data. The sources of information may be primary as well as secondary sources. This chapter entails a review of all the data obtained and it relevance to the study being undertaken.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD: There are two types of data collection methods. 1. Primary data collection method 2. Secondary data collection method PRIMARY SOURCES: The primary data are collected by the thorough and detailed discussion was conducted with the financial controller and Accounts officer and also discussion with college internal guide. SECONDARY SOURCES:

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The secondary data includes sales reports, purchase reports and financial statements of the company. And also information from the text sources.

SAMPLING DESIGN: 0

Sampling unit

: Financial Statements

1

Sampling Size

:Last five years financial statements

Sampling procedure

: Direct

2

LIMITATIOMS OF THE STUDY •

The study is conducted on a general basis.

•

Time Constraint

•

Restrictions on Behalf of the company

•

Inter firm and intra firm comparison is not possible

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CHAPTER-2

HISTORY OF THE COMPANY : GADAG CO-OPERATIVE TEXTILE MILL LTD HULKOTI Hulkoti is small village has a population of 10000, having a different sections of people. The main occupation of the maximum people is agriculture. In this village there is no irrigation facilities; dry land cultivation is the only way to forming committee. In the village the main crops are cotton, jawar, chilly, groundnut etc. The main commercial crops are chilly & cotton. All these marketed in and around Gadag. Farmers are exploited by the private traders and commission agents. To protect the BABASAB PATIL

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forming committees late Shri.K.H.Patil decided to establish the co-operative mill in Hulkoti. Most of the farm laborers are unemployed due to dry land cultivation. To solve the unemployment problem and also to protect the forming committees from commission agents they started the mill. The mill is situated in village Hulkoti near Gadag i.e. 6k.m from Gadag. Late shri.K.H.Patil, politician leader decided to start the mill in this place. The main purpose of starting the mil is to provide the employment opportunities to the people. He is devoted fully for the establishment of co operative network around Hulkoti providing various amenities and scope for development of farmers The mill is started with mission of providing employment opportunities and save the formers from the commission agents. The main crop grown surrounding Hulkoti is cotton, this was an opportunity to start the mill . This is one of the cooperative society

located on either side Karwar-Bellary road between Hulkoti and

Gadag. It is started with a Ginning and pressing unit. After successful setting up of Ginning and Pressing unit by Gadag co-operative cotton sale society ,the next ambition of the Co operators was to establish a Textile Mill of 25,000 spindles capacity which would consume the main agriculture produce by paying remunerative price to cotton growers and to the farming community. The Gadag Co-operative Textile Mill is established in the year 1972 by late shri K.H.Patil .It is started with project cost of Rs.220 Lakhs.

INTRODUCTION

The Gadag Co-operative Textile Mill is started by Late Shri.K.H.Patil, to protect the forming committee by private traders and the commission agents. It is started in this place because of availability of raw materials and also the labours.

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The Gadag co-operative textile mill is started in the year 1972 with a project cost of Rs.220 Lakhs. The G.C.T.M commenced is production in the year 1973. The project cost is met with the following manner. 1 Members Shares Contribution

-

Rs.040.00 lakhs

2 Government Share Contribution

-

Rs.080.00lakhs

3

Term Loans (IFCI)

- Rs.100.00lakhs

Total

- Rs.220.00lakhs

INFRUSTRUCTURE FACILITY: Land and building

33.71 Lakhs

Plant and machinery

177.70 Lakhs

Miscellaneous

24.08 Lakhs

Contingency

6.00 Lakhs

Working capital margin

22.00 Lakhs

Free op

15.00 Lakhs

erative expenses BABASAB PATIL

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220 lakhs Total

Project cost of Rs.220Lakhs is met for all these facilities i.e. to establishment of the company.

CUSTMORS: 1)

Samrudha Over Sales Ltd., Mumbai

2)

Suryajoti International mill ltd ,. Sinkandrabad

3)

Dhanalaxmi (C&R) Mill, Ganapavaram.

4)

Suryalaxmi Cotton Mills Ltd., Sinkandrabad

Nature of the business: The first step the company purchases the raw material i.e. cotton from the farmers. Then it mixes it with different quality cotton according to the quality of yarn needed.

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The next step is cleaning the minor part and spraying the water to it. Then it kept 1 day in the cool place. Next step it goes to major cleaning part it goes to all cleaning of the cotton. The next process is carding process. Here the cotton will become smoothly and white. Next goes to the simplex method. In this cotton becomes big layers and it makes the group of layers. The next procedure is rolling and grilling. Here the big layers are rolled and it is separated from the group and comes in the form of loose thread and next process is drafting and twisting and the thread becomes strong and it comes layer by layer in the form of thin yearn. The next step is noting here if thread goes into two parts the machine will join it. It is called noting process. Finally after all these process the raw material is converted into the finished goods which are in the form of yarn.

MISSION: “To Purchase the creation of values for all its Customers, Employees, members (shareholders) and society at large”

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VISION: “To be a premier Textile company with a clear focus to become globally competitive through growth and Technology up gradation committed to excellence in quality service and cooperatives. “

COMPITATORS:. Modern days are the competitive days wherever you go, in which ever field you enter there is competition; one must know how competition in the market makes it absolutely necessary for manufacturers to think of advertising. For new product, strategies and by doing all these to in areas the sales. These following companies are the competitors of the G.C.T.M. 1) Banahatti Co-operative Spinning Mill Ltd. 2) Sangola Co-operative Spinning Mill Ltd. 3) Farmers Co-operative Spinning Mill Ltd.

COMPANY PROFILE: THE GADAG CO-OPERATIVE TEXTILE MILL LTD. HULKOTI Name

– 582 205. This Co-operative Society registered under the Co-operatives

Status

Societies Act of 1959

Location

Karnataka state, Gadag Dist, Hulkoti

Chairman

Shri D.R. Patil, Ex M.L.A. Gadag.

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Area

GCTM HULKOTI

of

operation

Gadag Haveri New-Delhi, South Korea, China and Couple of European

Export places countries(through agents& Govt institutes) Nature of Business Membership and

Production and sale of YARN

Share

capital No

3021 Co-operative societies and 817.71 Lakhs of

departments Number employees

8 [Eight] Departments of 450 Elected members – 18

No of Board of Ex – office members – 1 Directors

Nominated by Govt – 3

Production capacity

8,500 kgs of yarn per day as per the 2008-09 report.

Storage capacity

7500 Million TON.

Land area-90525 sq.ft Area of mill

Buildup area- 643.45 sq.mtrs

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE: Share Holders

Board of Directors

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Chairman

Managing Director

P&I

Production

Dy. Manager

Extension Officer

Helpers

Finance

Administration

Security

Marketing

Dy. Manger

Dy. Manager

Dy. Manager

Dy. Manager

Sr. Supervisor

Q.C. Officer.

Accounts Assistants

Assistants

Jr. Supervisors

Helpers

Helpers

Assistants

Assistants

Helpers

Workers

HUMAN RESUORCE MANAGEMENT: Human Resources is an activity involved in direction & co-ordination of human relations in a organization there by obtaining maximum production at the minimum effort stress & strain on individual workers.

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Functions . 1. Staffing & Employment 2. Welfare Amenities 3. Training & Development. 4. Compensation, Wage & Salary Administration. 5. Motivation & Incentives. 6. Employee records. 7. Labour on Industrial Relation. 8. Organizational planning, development & task specification

Management is considered as an art of getting thing done through others with a view to achieve the common objectives of the organization . but these objectives can be achieved only if the organization is managed efficiently . The management of the organization is considered to be efficient of it is able to contribute their maximum towards the realization of the organization. The organization believes that the management should not primarily be considered with full and proper utilization of physical factors such as raw material and machinery but also pay attention to the human factors . On which the maximum utilization of physical factors depend.

The Personnel Manager also says that Material may be purchased at the most competitive prices and machines was worked to their full capacity but the output cannot be maximized without the co-operation of the workers.

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The company works 24 hours a daily. The work is divided into 3 shifts i.e. AM to 4.30 PM First shift 4.30 PM to 12.30AM second shift 12.30 AM to 8.30AM third shift

CLASSIFICATION OF THE WORK FORCE : Work force of the society shall be classified as under : 1)

Permanent

2) Badli 3) Trainee or apprentice

WELFARE FACILITIES IN GCTM: Following are the Welfare Facilities provided by GCTM to its workers. 1)

Canteen:

The personnel department administers the canteen . the main responsibilities are to prepare and distribute the food stuff as per the scheduled timings the different counters and to maintain hygienic condition printed and supplied by the company. 2) BABASAB PATIL

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GCTM HULKOTI

Workmen covered under the ESI scheme and their family members will receive medical facility under the employees state insurance as in force from time to time.And also one hospital is their in the organization premises for general and first aid treatments. 3) Quarter’s Facilities : The quarters are provided for the permanent employees who are working in

the GCTM. There are A,B,C,D and E type of quarter are being

provided to the employees on the seniority basis . 4) Transport Facilities; The employees are provided with bus facilities.There are one bus and one maxi cab is there which pickups the people scattered in the Gadag city and after the duty hours they are dropped back at the same fixed points 5) School and College : A school and pre university colleges has been constructed in the Hulakoti near to the company which are handed to the state education department . For the maintenance and repairs or replacements of furniture and electrical fitting is carried out by the company.

ATTENDANCE:

1)

Every employee shall be at this place or work at the time fixed

and notified under clause and of these standing orders from time to time.

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2)

GCTM HULKOTI

The starting and closing of work and starting and finishing of

intervals period will be signaled by means of siren, bell or similar devices. 3)

After the siren bell every employee should present at the place of

work. 4)

The attendance register shall be entered from time to time cards

and any employees failing to record or get marked the time on the card is liable to be treated as absent. 5)

Employee coming late or leaving early without permission shall

be liable to deductions from their salary /wages as provided for in the payment of wages act 1936. For this purpose time shall be calculated in units of 30 minutes.

SALARY AND WAGES : 1.

Notice specifying pay days shall be displayed on the notice

board of the Society . 2.

An employee shall check his salary or wages immediately on

receipt.

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No claim for shortages will be considered once the recipient has left the immediate presence of the person making payment. Any dispute or complaint regarding wages shall be brought to the notice of the management or any other officer appointed for the purpose as early as possible. It shall be the duty of the management or the officer appointed to attend to such complaints without much delay.

3.

Unpaid Salaries and Wages : Any salaries and wages due to the

employee Not paid on the usual pay day on account of the salaries and wages remaining unclaimed or for any other reason will be paid 3 days after the specified date of payment or when claim has been substantiated by the employee or on his behalf of his legal representative provided such claim is made and substantiated within one year from the date on which the salary or wages become due to the employee.

ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT BABASAB PATIL

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Administrative department play very important role in the organization for its smooth running of the business and success of this company is mainly depending on the efficient administration of the G.C.T.M. This department looks after administrative functions such as payment of salaries, arrangement of meetings, and formation of policies etc, the general functions of this department are as follows.



Maintenance of files, records etc. up to date, collecting and presenting

data in the form of useful information from the records. 

Implementing the organization systems, procedures and policies in a

coordinated manner. 

Ensuring smooth running of the office buy interfacing with the eternal

agencies as required. For ex-payment of telephone bills, electricity, water supply bills etc. 

Maintenance of the office premises.



Providing required facilities.

MODERNIZATION PROGRAMME

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After a period of 18 years there was a need for upgrading technology of certain machines and to eater to the export needs, the Management proposed a Modernization Programme at a cost of Rs. 429.00 Lakhs. The term, lending institutions sanctioned Rs. 236.69 Lakhs and the balance Rs. 192.31 lakhs was from the internal resources of the Mills. The Mill replaced Carding Machines, winding machines and added one Open End Spinning machine and one Imported Auto Conner of latest technology. With the implementation of this Project there was improvement in the productivity and the quality of the finished product. To meet the standards of the quality yarn in demand, both in domestic as well as in International markets, the Management of the Mills thought it inevitable to launch another Modernization Programme covering Machinery from blow room to Spinning was planned. This programme, with an estimated cost of Rs. 920 Lakhs was approved by the national Co-operative Development Corporation (N.C.D.C.) and the Government of Karnataka. As part as Modernization Programme, N.C.D.C. has sanctioned Rs. 736.00 Lkahs, while Government of Karnataka contributed Rs. 136.00 Lkahs as share capital. The rest amount of Rs. 46.00 Lkahs was mobilized from Members of the Society through shares. With successful implementation of 2nd Phase of Modernization Programme, the latest version of Auto leveler Machinery at Carding and Drawing Sections are inducted and commissioned. Following this, efforts are being made to raise the productivity to high standards. Further, completion of Modernization enables us to qualitative requirement of requirement of International market Standards.

PURCHASE DEPARTMENT:

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The purchase department is play the important role in every organization. To run the business continuously

purchase department plays a vital role. Purchase

activity has developed the long relationship with the vendors of the company. Purchasing is a social and managerial function which creates the value for production unit. To satisfy the needs of the company there

is a need of purchases as per

requirements of the company by considering the price quality and quantity.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PURCHASE DEPARTMENT  The company should have deep knowledge of variety of cottons.  The company should know the Quality assurance  Buying quality cotton.  Experimenting the quality cotton.  Proper arrangement of the transportation facilities.  Minimizing transportation cost.  Observing quality of the cotton.  Minimization of the purchase cost.

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COTTON PURHASES: The mill purchase its cotton at the open auction held by co-operative namely Gadag cotton sale society and T.A.P.C.S.M. society of the Annigeri , Gokak and also mill has purchases cotton from other states like Maharashtra Federation Punjab Federation, Tamilnadu, and from CCI(cotton co-operation of India).

The purchase department decides the when to purchase ,where to purchase and how much to purchase by discussing with a managing director and the production manager. Purchasing dept sends the purchase order to the vendors. The company major purchases are in CCI only. Because the required quality of the cotton is available in one place and also in more quantity.

PURCHASE PROCEDURE:

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1. The company collects the samples from the various suppliers. 2. That cotton will be check in laboratory 3. After getting a results they are conducting a meeting at where they are finalizing which cotton to purchase. 4. The purchase committee includes: 1) Managing Director

2) General Manager

3)Production Manager

4) Quality Controller

5)Cost Department Head

5. Then they bargain with the suppliers relating to the price. If suppliers if a farmer or any of the private cotton trader then the bargaining is necessary. If they purchase the cotton form CCI or MSCF the prices are fixed. 6. The payment period is usually 30 days to all suppliers. 7. Before bargaining with suppliers the company collecting the daily cotton market reports which helps them to determining the price.

MAIN SUPPLIERS: Cotton corporation of India Maharastra State Cotton Federation PVT Cotton Traders. From Members and Formers.

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The following table indicates purchase of cotton.

Year

Cotton(lakhs kg)

2003-04

37.37

2004-05

33.37

2005-06

30.67

2006-07

29.40

2007-08

33.83

Table showing purchase of cotton from 2004-08

MARKETING DEPARTMENT BABASAB PATIL

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Marketing department is a vital department of the organization . Marketing has developed the long relationship with the customer from purchasing and selling products. “ Marketing is a social and managerial function which by individual and group obtained want and need and want through creating exchange products and value with other’’.

Marketing of Yarn : The mill manufactures 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 60s, 80s, 100s, 2/20s, 2/40s, 2/60s etc. In the form of hanks as well as cones as per the prevailing market demand sale of hank yarn and cone yarn from 50:50 respectively we have been fulfilling the hank yarn obligation stipulated by the textile commissioner , government of India at the end of every quarter . The daily production of yarn is about 8,500 kgs and mill is working round the clock for all the seven days of the week. Special preference in selling yarn is given to weavers co-operative Apex organization and Karnataka Handloom Development Corporation export of yarn has been our priority yarn is being exported to countries like South Korea through agency.

Packing of Yarn: Packing is a process of converting to a product for protection hanks yarn are packing in the bale from and cones yarn are packing from bags. Bales is consist of 181.6 kgs. And bag is consists of 50 kgs Mode of Sales : In this organization orders are normally done through: BABASAB PATIL

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1) By phone 2) By their own sales depots and 3) By local sales agents.

Sales promotion: The company not adopted any Aggressive measures for the promotion of its sales such as advertising lotteries etc. But some basic measures which are adopted normally by every concern such as discounts.

STORES DEPARTMENT

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In G.C.T.M there is Stores Department is one which stores all the materials, equipments and spare parts etc. Which are needed in the signalization for its smooth running .The main function of this department is to provide the needs of the organization i.e. machines spares parts, packaging materials, tools, oils ect. To run business continuasally this department plays very important rolein the organization. In this department they provide materials according to order made by the different departments in the organization. The orderslip must be sing by the M.Director department head.

Objectives of the Stores Department : 1)

Concentrating towards smooth running of the production process.

2)

Facilitating all required equipments on time .

3) Reduction of Inventory equipments on time . 4) Working like a traffic signal to signalize to all equipments. 5) Proper maintenance of all equipments. This Stores Department is divided in to two sub departments they are: a) Materials stores b) General Stores.

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a)

GCTM HULKOTI

Material Stores: It is a sub department of the stores , which maintain the

stock of raw material needed in the plant i.e. cotton , paper cones , bags . This department mainly concerned with storage of 30 days stock of raw material in the plant.

b) General Stores: It is also a sub department of the stores which maintaining the stock of general material like ,paper ,files ,uniforms of workers ,shoes ,goggles, helmets, glows, cups, spare parts of machines , stationeries and other lubricants and packing materials. These all materials are stored under bin system. In this department each material or item will be assigned a number to it which is called as Bin number. There are about 11,000 items are maintained in this department and all have been assigned in No’s. Bin number is a 9 digit number, which will help in recognizing the item very quickly and accurately. The first three numbers in Bin card will giving the information about which section . and the second 3 digit will gives information about which equipment and the last 3 digit will gives information of which item it is.

The stores department is maintaining mainly two ledgers , they are:

1) Material Receipts Ledger. 2) Material Issued Ledger.

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At he time of each entry in the ledger they are quoting the date, item number quantity price / piece, total price.

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT: Production means conversion of raw materials into a finished product. In this mill they are producing the yarn. i.e. cotton is converted as yarn (finished product). The G.C.T.M is one of spinning mill, it is taken permission from the government spinning and textile. In future it is plan to produce a cloths but now it is producing only Yarn. The G.C.T.M has a well equipped building and also plant and machineries. In mill they set the machines sequentially as per work flow i.e. plant layout system is applied very systematically. In production to control the wastages, to save the time, to increase work efficiency and to increase the productivity the plant layout play a vital role. We study about plant layout in theoretically but this project helps me to know it in practically .

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THE WORK FLOW MODEL: MIXING:

Bales of different counts are mixed along with usable wastes, on

different percentage in the mixing bins, cotton bales of different quality are opened and stacked, called stock mixing, 24 Hours for conditioning before it is process further. BLOW ROOM:

Cotton in losses form is spending on mixing bale openers

and taken further of different cleaning points where the cotton is beaten and trash is extracted. Finally converted into Lap form of different length, weigh per yard, depending on the count. CARDING:

Lap form Blow room feed to Cards where the cotton is

converted from Lap form to slive form. During this process trash, short fibers and other impurities are extracted the different cleaning points, like licker in, Flats section Units. The sliver is produced of different Hank depending on the counts.

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PREPARATORY:

GCTM HULKOTI

Cards sliver is drawn through different drafting Rollers

and the sliver is elongated and increasingly the length of the sliver and radiating in the cross section by passing through different drafting rollers and convert into a suitable package by giving little twist to the material called Rove and wound on a Bobbin. SPINNING:

The bobbins from the Preparatory process are feed to the

drafting rollers as final treatment to the material and further increasing the length and reduction the cross section of the material. This process the material process through Ring and Traveler and would on the bobbin to form a suitable package the giving optimum of the twist depending on count of the yarn. CONE WINDING:

Here the yarn spun is cleaned by passing through

cleaning devise called slub catcher and would through suitable package of required length and weight in the form of a Cone. DOUBLING:

Here two yarn of the same count are doubled by giving

necessary twist in the form of package called bobbins. REELING:

Here single yarn or doubled yarn are wound on the swifting of the

machine called Reel in the form of Hank and are make in the form of Knots. There are two types, a Plain or Cross Reel. BUNDLING & BALING:

Here the number of knots plain or cross is in a

press depending on the count and weight of the boundless are as per requirements. Bundles are pressed in the form of Bale depending on the count, Plain or Cross as per the requirement from the market. PACKING:

Here number of cones or cheeses is bagged depending on the

count of the yarn number of cones and weight of the cones. Depending on the requirement of the market.

BABASAB PATIL

Page 33

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT: Quality Control Department is a vital department of this organization. Because it provide information regarding quality of the raw materials and also finished goods. To purchasea standard quality materials there should be quality control department. According to the experts the first step is imported in business i.e. in production activities the first step is the raw material. Therefore while purchasing the raw material the quality control department is important.

Quality Control Department is the key factor to producing the quality products. Quality control Department plays an important role in controlling and increasing the quality of the product and it also helps in increasing the efficiency of the products. Quality control should be exercised at the all key stages of the production processes, so that it helps in the stoppage of the variation in the final product. In the GCTM Quality Control Department there is laboratory where the samples of the cotton are tested before purchase. In this lab 1.25 crore worth machine is installed which is completely computerized machine and it is also one of the well equipped lab in the Karnataka.

FUNCTION OF THE QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT :

BABASAB PATIL

o

Random lab weight checking

o

Within lap variation

o

Cleaning efficiency

o

Waste study speeds Page 34

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

o

Wrapping checking

o

Naps study

o

Uniformity checking

o

Idle spindle

o

Top roller pressure checking

o

Rewinding study

o

Gauge and tension weight checking

o

Knot inspection

o

Knot weight checking

GCTM HULKOTI

OBJECTIVE OF THE QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT:

BABASAB PATIL



Increasing customer satisfaction



Producing the quality products.



Reduction in the scrap



Continuous improvement in the productivity.



Reduction in production overheads.



Quick response to order fulfillment.

Page 35

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

BASIC CONCEPTS USED IN TEXTILE MILL Fiber Kapas Lint

: A slender filament ; a fine thread like part of a substance . : Cotton with seeds and impurities : Cotton free from seeds and impurities

Ginning

: The mechanical process of separating the cotton fibers from seeds

Bale

: A bundle or packages of cotton compressed and bound with cord or wire weight round about 170 Kgs.

Spinning

: The process of drawing out and twisting the fiber of cotton, Wool etc. Into thread or yarn either by hand or machine.

Spindles

: The rods or pins of spinning machine known as the ring frame holding the bobbins on the which yarn wound as it is spun . Such spinning is expressed in terms of the number or spindles or rotors.

Rotors

: In the modern of spinning known as the open end spinning instead of spindles rollers are used.

Yarn

: A textile thread obtained by twisting of consecutively disposed and Straightened ultimate composite fibers.

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Hank & cones: Yarn is supplied to the market in to different forms hank yarn and cone yarn . Hank yarn is convenient form of bleaching,

,

and transport but needs winding before placing on the loom . It is used by hand loom weavers .Cone yarn however eliminates the Need form winding and can be directly used in power looms .

Count

: A count is measure of thickness or fitness of yarn ,The various counts groups manufactured are 10s , 20s , 24s, 30s,32s,34s,40s, 60s, 80s 100s both in Hank and Cone. Lower counts indicates coarse yarn and higher counts indicates fine Yarn

FINANCE DEPARTMENT BABASAB PATIL

Page 37

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Finance department is vital department of a organization .Finance is concerned with providing and using cash and credit for carrying on business correctly. The mill has membership and paid up share capital as on 31st march 2007

SI.NO

Category

1)

‘A’ Class Individual /Member

2) 3)

No.of Share Holders

Share Captial

3019

107.46

‘B’ Class (K.A.I.C.)

1

015.00

‘C’ Class (State Government)

1

695.26

3021

817.72

Total

Mill has funds that may be raised 1) By issue of Shares 2) By receiving deposits from members. BABASAB PATIL

Page 38

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

3) By raising loans 4) By entrance fees 5) By accepting donations, subsidies and grants. 6) By commercial institutions. Deduction can be made from the sale of proceeds of the cotton brought by members at rate not exceeding 7% of the sale products. The mill may raise loans discount on the bill and overdrafts as and when necessary from the industrial finance corporation of India.

WORKING CAPITAL FINANCE Introduction : Funds available for a period of one year or less are called short term finance. The short term funds are used to finance working capital. The main source of short term working capital are as follows: 1) Trade Credit: Trade credit refers to the credit that a customer gets from supplier of goods in the normal course of business. In practice , the buying firm do not have to pay cash immediately for the purchase made . This deferral of payments is a short term financing called trade credit .It contributes to about one third of the short term financing .Open account trade credit appears as sundry creditors on the buyers balance sheet . Trade credit may also take the form of bills payable. 2)

Bank Finance For Working Capital : Banks are the main institutional source of working capital finance. After trade

credit, bank credit is the most important source of financing working capital requirements of firms. A bank considers a firm’s sales and production plan and BABASAB PATIL

Page 39

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

desirable levels of current assets in the determining its working capital requirements. The amount approved by the bank for the firms working capital is called credit limit. Bank do not lend 100% of the credit limit. A firm can draw funds from its bank within the maximum credit limit sanctioned. It can draw funds in the following forms.

a)

Overdrafts: Under the overdraft facility, the barrower is allowed to withdraw

funds in excess of the balance in his current in his current account up to a certain specified limit during as stipulated period. b) Cash Credit:

A borrower is allowed to withdraw funds form the bank up to the

sanctioned credit limit. He is not required to borrow the entire sanction credit, rather, he can draw periodically. 3) Commercial Paper : Commercial paper represent unsecured promissory notes by firm to raise short term funds. Commercial paper is cheaper source of raising short term finance as compared to the bank credit and proves to be effective even during a period of tight bank credit. However , it can be used as a source of finance only by large companies enjoying high credit rating and sound financial health. 4) Installment Credit : This is another method by which the asset are purchased and the possession of goods is taken immediately but the payment is made in installment over a predetermined period of time Generally interest is charged on the unpaid price or it may be adjusted in the price. It is used as source of short term working capital.

5)

Accrued Expenses :

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Accrued Expenses are the expenses which have been incurred but not yet due and hence not yet paid also. The most important item of accruals are wages and salaries, interest and taxes. Wages and Salaries are usually paid on monthly, fortnightly or weekly basis for the service already rendered by employees. In the same manner, accrued interest and taxes also constitute a short term source of finance

SOURCE OF FINANCE USED BY THE GADAG CO-OPERATIVE TEXTILE MILL LTD. HULKOTI

The GCTM have raised different variety of Finance for working capital purpose. Which are as follows :

1)

Trade Credit: We already set the trade credit is the credit that a customer gets from

the suppliers. GCTM purchased the cotton from different organization like Cotton sale society of Gadag and Cotton Society of Annigeri . We can know the percentage of trade credit in the balance sheet of GCTM. 2) The GCTM make the sale of different areas like Bangalore ,Solapur and also other states .It also sells the yarn to Karnataka Handloom Development Corporation etc., from these some percentage of Advance they get. 3) Other Source of Finance: 1) K.C.C. Bank Ltd., 2) N.C.D.C. Loan 3) Bijapur D.C.C. Bank Ltd

Objective and Finance Department; BABASAB PATIL

Page 41

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI



To have permanent record of all the transaction for future reference.



To know the result of the business in terms of profit and losses.



To the exact reason for profit and loss.



To know the financial position of the business.



To know the progress of the business from year to year



To have valuable information for legal and purpose

Functions of Financial Department:

•

To prepare Trading A/c

•

To prepare Profit and Loss A/c

•

To prepare Balance Sheet

•

Maintenance of accounts is under taken

•

Rate fixing

•

Suppliers bill paying

•

Maintenance of cash and bank balance.

BABASAB PATIL

Page 42

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

CHAPTER- 3

INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC

BABASAB PATIL

Page 43

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ANALYSIS

AND

ITERPRETATION

GCTM HULKOTI

OF

FINANCIIAL

STATEMENTS : Financial statements provide summarized view of the financial position and operation of the company. Many parties are interested in financial statement analysis to know about the financial position of the firm. They include investors, creditors, lenders, suppliers etc It is process of establishing the meaningful relationship between the items of financial statements. To know financial position of the company with the help of past and present performance of the company. Items includes Balance sheet, Profit and loss account, Reports and Explanatory notes.

Meaning of financial statements: Financial statements are the consolidated and summarized form of business transactions which are pre-pared at the end of each accounting year. These statements reveal the financial information of the business enterprises for a certain period. The financial statements are prepared for ascertainment of results of a business and communicate the accounting information to the users. The financial statement provides answers to the following questions. 1)

What is the financial status of the firm on a particular date?

2)

How is the firm’s financial performance over the period?

Here for the project the profit and loss a/cs, balance sheet are used for comparative analysis and interpretation of the study. 1)

Balance sheet: Balance sheet is the statement of financial position of a business

concern as on specified date. It represents all the assets owned by the firm and liability owed to others. In other words, it contains the various assets, liabilities

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

and owners equity as on particular date. The balance sheetis prepared on the basis of following equation.

ASSETS = EQUITIES (A)

=

(E)

Or Assets = Owners equity + creditors equity Or Assets = (Share capital + Reserves + surplus-Losses) +outside liabilities

2)Income statement(Profit and loss a/cs: This statement explains the financial performance of a business concern for the particular period. It explains the net result of the business operation between two balance sheet dates. The income statement is pre-pared on the basis of revenue principle, realization principle and also on the basis of matching principle. The realized revenues are matched against its related expired cost. The result is net profit or loss for the year. The equation is as under: Revenues = gains – (Expenses + Losses) = net profit or loss.

THE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. BABASAB PATIL

Page 45

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

The significance of financial statement not lies in their preparation but in their analysis and interpretation. Therefore analysis and interpretation is an attempt to determine the importance of financial statements. It increases the meaning of accounting data. To provide more understanding in layman’s language. That helps to forecast the future earnings, ability to pay dividend policy etc. the analysis and interpretation are 2 terms complementary to each other. For interpretation analysis is necessary. And analysis without interpretation is meaningless.

ANALYSIS : “A process of grouping or sub grouping of a given data for the purpose of developing some relationships among the groups either for decisions or for future prediction” The financial analysis involves the division of facts or information on the basis of some definite plans and to classify them into groups on the basis of some conditions and presenting them in most convenient, simple and understandable. Therefore analysis involves the following: 1.

Study

and

understanding

of

the

data

presented in the financial statements. 2.

Collection

of

additional

information

necessary for interpretation. 3.

presentation of the financial data in logical

and simple manner 4.

Grouping and sub grouping of the items

given in the financial statements on the basis of common characteristics. 5.

Development relationship from one group to

another group for further study.

BABASAB PATIL

Page 46

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6.

GCTM HULKOTI

The data provided in the financial statements is re arranged and

methodically classified for comparisons. For this purpose some standards are established for comparison such as : 1.

Past year figures may be used as standard for

comparison with the present year figures. 2. Future years estimated figures may be used as standards. 3. Another progressive or successful firm‘s figures may be

us

e used as standards. 4. over all industry figures may be used as standards for a Comparison.

The relationship can also be established from one item of statement to the other item of statement. E.g.Net profit or gross profit to sales, current assets to current liabilities, cost of sales to inventory, fixed assets to capital etc.

INTERPRETATION: To interpret means to put the meaning of data in simple and understandable manner to a layman. Interpretation can be made only after analysis. It is the explanation of the conclusion drawn from analysis in simple terms. The interpretation involves the following. 1)

Study of relationship among the of items of

financial statements. 2)

Study of trend over a period or actual data

with the standard data used for comparison 3)

Conclusions or inferences are put in simple

terms for easy and more understanding for a common man.

BABASAB PATIL

Page 47

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

USES OR ADVANTAGES OF ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 1)

It helps to determine financial strength or

weakness of the business firm. 2)

It highlights the significant facts and relations

which cannot be understood by mere reading of financial statements. 3)

It is based on some logical and scientific

method and is useful for decisions. 4)

It is useful to understood multidirectional

relationships of the various items of financial statements. 5)

It minimizes the threat of wrong or delayed

decisions. 6)

It helps to evaluate correctness and accuracy

of the decisions.

TOOLS OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OR TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS

1)

Comparative Financial statements

2)

Common size statement

3)

Ratio Analysis

4)

Trend Analysis

Comparative statements Comparative financial statements are those statements which summaries and present related accounting data for number of years. It is an arrangement of the financial statements in such a manner that each element of the financial statement is comparable BABASAB PATIL

Page 48

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

with same element of the financial statement of another period. Generally the financial statements of two periods are used for comparable study. While pre-paring comparative statements one should keep in mind that the accounting principles, policies should be same. Any material change in such principles policies etc. comparative statements useless. A comparative statement provides the following. 1.Absolute change in amount or figures. 2.Absolute change in percentages. 3.Increase or decrease in figures and percentages.

Advantages of comparative statements. 1.

It is helpful for inter period comparison.

2.

It is helpful for inter firm comparison.

3. It is useful to study the trends of various elements of financial statements.

Types of comparative statements. For the purpose of comparative analysis the financial statements are classified into 2 types namely, 1) Comparative balance sheet. 2) Comparative income statement.

BABASAB PATIL

Page 49

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

1)Comparative balance sheet. Under this technique the balance sheet of two different dates or balance sheets of one firm to another firm may be used for comparative study. an item or group of item of one balance sheet is compared with the same item or group of item of another balance sheet. The comparative balance sheet is helpful to study the liquidity position, financial status, long term financial position etc. following are the steps for pre-pare comparative balance sheet. I) Redraft the balance sheet in vertical form. II) Pre-pare two additional columns one for absolute change and

and another for percentage change. III) Study the trend (increase or decrease) and form the opinions. IV) Interpret the same.

2)Comparative income statements: The comparative income statement is pre-pared to study growth rate in profitability, expenses, cost of goods sold etc. usually two years income statements are compared. For this purpose two additional columns are prepared for recording the absolute change and percentage change. The facts and figures in the financial statements i.e.( Balance sheet P&L a/c Reports & also some notes )can be transformed into meaningful and useful figures through a process called Analysis and Interpretation. Comparative Income Statements for the year 2008-09

BABASAB PATIL

Page 50

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

TEXTILE2008-09 MILL.LTD- HULKOTI ParticularsTHE GADAG CO-OPERATIVE 2007-08 Absolute increase/d ecrease in Rs A) Net sales 274253348. 256739185 -17514163

Absolute increase/ decrease in % -6.38%

Less : cost of goods sold (Op.stock+purch ase-clo.stock)

185292474

-2.65%

Material consumed

of

-4914280

78144336

72311126

-5833210

.263436810.

252689320

-10747490

-4.07%

108165378

4049865

-6766673

-62.55%

9848419.5

10967021

1118602

11.35%

.

Less: manufacturing expenses(cost of production) Cost sold

180378194

goods

Gross profit Less : operating expenses Administration expenses

Add : operating Incomes

968119

-6917156

-7.46%

-9764268

-76.42%

Non 12776730

3012462

Operating profit

13744848.97

-3904694

Less: Interest

9295525

9260319

4449324

-13165013

Net Profit/loss

BABASAB PATIL

-17649513 -352017614307

128.44% -0.37%

395.88%

Page 51

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Comparative Balance Sheet As on 31-3-2008-09 PARTICULAR S

2007-08

2008-09

INCREASE/DECREAS E IN Rs

INCREASE/DECREASE IN %

Current Assets Cash in hand S. debtors Other C. Assets (cash at bank , advances, other receivables ,closing stock.etc)

40460.35 51709943 86804486.9 8

27094 51003132 75843397

-13366 -706811 -10961090

-33% -1.4% -13%

138554890

12687362 3

-11678267

-8.4

Less : current liabilities Others payables

49593595.

52486226

2892631

5.8

19831776

20192707

360931

1.8

B) Total current liabilities

69425372

72678933

3253561

4.7

69129518

54194690

-14934828

- 21

180660460

18121183 4

551374

0.3

249789979

23540652 4

-14383455

-5.75

81773300

81773300

-

-

12945560

12945560

-

180562312

18323387 0

2671558

1.4

-38900000

-5.8

13165013

14

-14383455

-5.75

A) Total current assets

Working capital C) = (A-B) D) Fixed assets E) capital employed E) =(C+D)

Share capital Reserve fund Other Funds

66940000 63050000

Long term loans 92431193

105596206

Less: loss (previous year)

Capital employed

249789979

BABASAB PATIL

23540652 4

Page 52

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

ANALYSIS: 1. The above Income statement realize that there is decrease in cost of goods sold (4.07%),net sales(6.38%) and also Gross Profit compare to 2007-08. There is 62.55% decrease in gross profit i.e. Rs.6766673. It is more than 50% decrease in gross profit. 2. In the statement we can realize that for 27,42,53,348 net sales the manufacturing expenses is 7,81,44,366 in the year 2008, but compare to present year(2008-09) the manufacturing cost is more i.e. for 25,67,39,185 net sales the m. expenses are Rs. 7,23,11,126 3. There is also increase in operating cost RS. 1118602 i.e. 11.35% in the year 2008-09 compare to 2007-08 4. There is an decrease in Non-operating Income i.e. 76.42%. These all results in Net loss during the year 2008-09 of Rs. 13165013. 5. The above comparative balance sheet shows the liabilities are more compare to previous year. INTERPRETATION: The company’s financial performance is not appreciable because there is heavy loss in the year 2008-09. There is need of control on manufacturing expenses and also other expenses and liabilities.

BABASAB PATIL

Page 53

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Comparative Income Statements for the year 2007-08 Particulars

2006-07

2007-08

A) Net sales

254655866.5

Less : cost of goods sold Opening stock + purchases -closing stock

274253348.1

Absolute increase/decrease in Rs 19597481.6

Abso incre in % 7.69%

46274537 153536359 55889767

55889767 180187848 50785141

9615230 26651489 -5104626

20.77 17.35 -9.13

110734727.5

88960874.1

-21773853.4

-19.6

83442868.24

78144336.14

-5298532.1

-6.34

227364007.2

263436810.1

36072802.9

15.86

Material consumed Less: manufacturing expenses(cost

BABASAB PATIL

Page 54

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

of production)

27291869.3

108165378

-16475331.3

-60.3

Cost of goods sold

11396502.5

9848419.5

-1548083

-13.5

15895366.8

968118.5

-14927248.3

-93.9

29619683.95

12776730.47

-16842953.48

-56.8

18857350.75

13744848.97

-5112501.78

-27.1

11436127.97

9295525.04

-2140602.93

-18.7

7421222.78

4449323.89

-2971898.89

-40%

Gross profit Less : operating expenses Administratio n expenses

Add : Non operating Incomes Operating profit Less: Interest Net Profit

BABASAB PATIL

Page 55

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

THE GADAG CO-OPERATIVE TEXTILE MILL.LTD- HULKOTI Comparative Balance Sheet As on 31-3-2007-08 PARTICULAR S

2006-07

2007-08

INCREASE/DECREAS E IN Rs

INCREASE/DECREASE IN %

Current Assets Cash in hand S. debtors Other C. Assets (cash at bank , advances, other receivables ,closing stock.etc)

20530 47320434 91604851

40460.35 51709943 86804486.9 8

19930 4389509 -4800364.02

97% 9.0% -5.24%

138945815

138554890

-390924.7

-0.28%

58462247.0 1

49593595.

-8868651.11

-15.16%

19831776

958911.05

5.08%

77335112

69425372

-7909740.05

-10.23%

61610703

69129518

7518815.4

12.20%

180401907

180660460

513850.4

0.28%

242012610

249789979

7777369

3.21%

81772700

81773300

600

-

12945560

12945560

-

177234868

180562312

3327444

66940000

66940000

A) Total current assets Less : current liabilities Others payables B) Total current liabilities Working capital C) = (A-B)

18872865

D) Fixed assets E) capital employed E) =(C+D)

Share capital Reserve fund Other Funds

BABASAB PATIL

1.87%

Page 56

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Long term loans

GCTM HULKOTI

96880517

92431193

-4449324

4.59%

242012610

249789979

7777369

3.21%

Less: loss (previous year)

Capital employed

ANALYSIS: 1) In the year 2007 increase in sales is amounted to Rs.19597481.60 that is 7.69%. The opening stock and purchases has increased by 20.77%& 17.35% and The closing manufacturing expenses is decreased in the 2008 to 5104626 & 5298532.1(9.13% & 6.34%). The cost of goods sold is increased to Rs. 36072802.9(15.86%). Due to decrease in closing stock the Gross Profit is decreased to 16475331.3(60.36) in the year 2008. 2) The operating expenses have reduced in the year 2008 by Rs. 1548083(13.58%). This is because of control over administrative expenses. 3) There is decrease in Non-operating income in 2008 to Rs.16842953.48i.e. 56.86%. and Non-operating Expenses is reduced to Rs. 2140602.93 i.e. 18.71% The Gross Profit is reduced in the year 2008 to Rs.2971898.89(40%) compare to the year 2007. 4) By seeing the comparative Balance Sheet, there is slight difference in capital employed and also liabilities. 5) There is increase in working capital i.e.12.20% compare to previous year. INTERPRETATION: The company ‘s Financial performance in the year 2008 is not appreciable because of decrease in revenue and control over cost results into decrease in Gross Profit and the Net Profit compare to 2007. BABASAB PATIL

Page 57

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

ANALYSIS AND ITERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: 2.COMMON SIZE STATEMENTS:

The financial statements are prepared with the absolute figures. Reading of absolute figures is not easy for quick grasping or understanding. Therefore they are converted into simple figures such as percentages to their totals for easy understandings. In case of balance sheet each item of the asset is expressed to the total assets and each liability to the total liability. Similarly in case of income statement each item of revenue or expenses are expressed to total sales. When the financial statements of the same concern for several years are converted into percentages and presented for the comparative study are called comparative statements. The total size of the financial statement is fixed as 100 . All the items of the statements are expressed as percentages to the total.

PROCEDURE: 1.Incase of Balance Sheet total assets and total liabilities are considered as 100. 2. Each item of asset is expressed interms of percentage to the total assets. Similarly each liability to total liabilities. BABASAB PATIL

Page 58

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

3. Incase of Income statement total sales is treated as 100. 4. Each item of revenue and expense is expressed as a percentage to the total sales. 5. Study of these percentages to establish relationship 6. Interpretation of the relationship in simple terms. TYPES OF COMMON SIZE STATEMENTS: 1. Common Size Income Statement 2. Common Size Balance Sheet

1.Common Size Income Statements: These statements are prepared to study the proportion of various elements of income statement items to the total sales revenue.The total sales items is considered Rs.100 and all other items are expressed as a percentage to the total sales. In case of increase in sales tends to increase in the expenses directly related to sales. This kind of analysis helps to study the operational efficiency and financial performance of the concern.

1. COMMON SIZE BALANCE SHEET: Common Size Balance Sheet means the size of the balance sheet of various years or items or firms is to brought to a common figure. That is the totals of the assets and liabilities are considered as 100 and all the items of assets and liabilities are expressed

in terms of percentages. The relationships are

established with one item to its respective total and is compared with another years Balance Sheet. Alternatively capital employed may also be considered as 100 and all other items of the balance sheet are expressed in percentages. BABASAB PATIL

Page 59

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

This kind of Analysis is helpful to study the Financial Position Liquidity Solvency etc. of the concern in various years

THE GADAG CO-OPERATIVE TEXTILE MILL-HULKOTI. COMMON SIZE INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31-3-2008-09 2008

2009

Particulars

RS

%

RS

%

Sales

274253348

100

256739185

100

263436810

96

252689320

98

10816538

4.00

4049865

2

Gross

9848419

3.6

10967021

4.27

profit

968119

0.40

-6917156

-

-operating

9295525

3.3

-9260319

2.27

expenses

-8327406

-

-16177475

-

12776730

2.98

3012462

3.60

4449324

4.65

-13165013

-

-cost

of

sales

-Non operating exp

1.67

5.87 1.17 -5

+Non operating Incomes Net profit/loss WORKING NOTES: 1.Calculation of cost of goods sold

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Opening stock +purchases -closing stock Materiaconsumed Manufacturing exp Cost of sales

GCTM HULKOTI

2008

2009

55889767

50785141

180187848

168779141

50785141

39186088

185292474

180378194

78144336

72311126

263436810

252689320

COMMON SIZE BALANCA SHEET: Particulars Liabilities

Rs(2008)

%

Rs(2009)

%

Sharecapital

81773300

19.78

8177300

19.70

Reserves

12945560

3.12

12945560

3.12

247502321

60.00

246283870

59.35

68874222

17.00

72678933

17.58

Other

long

term loans Current liabilities

100

100

Assets: Fixed assets

180915756

43.60

181211834

43.85

Current assets

138299592

33.46

126873621

30.57

92431193

22.80

105596206

25.45

P&La/c(loss)

100

100

ANALYSIS: BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

1.By seeing the above statement we come to know that there is slight changes in long term liabilities, but in current liabilities is increased to 0.58% in the year 2009. 2. In the 2009 the current assets are less compare to the year 2008. It shows that the company is not utilizing the working capital properly. 3.From the common size Income statement we can see that the operating expenses are increased compare to previous year. It is because of not control over on expenses 4.This increasing expenses will results in the losses.

INTERPRETATION: The above statement reveals that the company is not utilizing the funds properly. The cost goods sold are increasing . This will results in the loss of the company. 3. TREND ANASLYSIS: The trend analysis is another tool of financial analysis. Trend means a tendency. Trend analysis is review and appraisal of tendency in accounting variables. This analysis is more suitable for forecasting or budgeting. This analysis a series of trends information. It

discloses the direction of items in the financial statement either

upward , downward on constant over a period of time. For the purpose of calculating trend percentages number of years financial statements are required. Trend ratio are calculated on the basis of base year information .The trend ratios on popular is statistics and are similar to index numbers. Which indicate the movement or fluctuation in various elements financial of statements of the business. PROCEDURE: BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

1.

Arrangement of years of the financial statements in ascending order.

2.

Select a normal year as a base year usually first year may be considered

as the base year. 3.

Consider all the figures of base year as 100

4.

Conversion of other years figures on the basis of base year percentage.

5.

Study the trend percentages by establishing some relationship among

them. 6.

Interpretation of the trend series in simple terms.

FORMULA FOR CALCULATION OF TREND PERCENTAGES. 100*Next years figures Base year figures

TREND ANALYSIS: The following figures are extracted from the annual repots of the G.C.T.M Particulars

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Sales

269932512

231390442

254655866

274253348

256739185

Cost

of 267396134

215622553

227364007

263436840

252689320

-228728

7421223

4449324

-13165013

goods sold Profit

-7733598

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

TREND RATIOS:(Base year is 2005) particular

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

s Sales

100

85.61

94.22

101.47

94.99

100

80.42

84.81

98.26

94.25

100

-2.95

95.95

57.53

-170.22

Cost

of

goods sold Profit

ANALYSIS: 1.

The sales is increased constantly except 2006.The cost of goods sold is

increasing as compare to sales. i.e. in the year 2007 the sales are 94.22, the cost of goods sold is 84.81 but in the year 2006 the sales are 85.61 the cost of goods sold is 80.42. by seeing this we come to know that the cost of sales are increase. 2.

The Trend Analysis shows that there is loss in the year 2006 and 2009.

3.

The above statement reveals that the sales are decreased but the costs are

same compared to all years. 4.

From the above Analysis we come to know that there is a profits in the

year 2007 & 08. Except these years the company is under loss.

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5.

GCTM HULKOTI

The above statement reveals that the cost of goods are increased

compare to sales. ITERPRETATION: The above statements reveals that the company sales is less in the present year. It indicates that the production is less compare to previous year.

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

RATIO ANALYSIS: INTRODUCTION: The financial statement of a company contains a lot of information about the financial performance of the company. Financial statements mainly consist of the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Accounts. These statements give the overall picture of the company, but to analyse each aspect of business extensively, financial ratios are used. The Balance Sheet and the Statement of Income are essential, but they are only the starting point for successful financial management. Financial Ratio Analysis derived from Financial Statements analyses the success, failure, and progress of business. Ratio Analysis is a very powerful analytical tool useful for measuring the performance of an organization. The ratio analysis concentrates on the interrelationship among the figures appearing in the mentioned financial statements. The ratio analysis helps the management to analyze the past performance of the firm and to make further projections As the organization employs capital on fixed assets for the purpose of equipping itself with the required manufacturing facilities to produce goods and services which are saleable to the customers to earn revenue, it is necessary to measure the degree of success achieved in this bearing. This ratio establishes the relationship between the amount of sales revenue and the amount of capital employed on fixed assets.

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Ratio refers to the establishment of relationship between any two inter-related variables .For example, both the amount of profit and the amount of sales revenue earned are inter-related as one is influenced by another. Accounting Ratios shows the inter-relationships that exist among various accounting data. Accounting Ratios express the relationships, in the mathematical terms, between two or more items(of financial statements and others) which have a cause and effect relationship or which are connected with each other in one way or the other. Since the Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements is made with the help of ratios it is called Ratio Analysis. The ratio analysis is , an effective tool or a device to diagnose the financial and operational diseases of business enterprises. The Ratio Analysis of Financial Statements stands for the purpose of arrangement of data, computation of ratios, interpretation of the ratios so computed and projections through ratios. STEPS IN RATIO ANALYSIS: 1)

Collect all the data required for computing the necessary ratios

which in turn depends upon the purpose of calculating the ratios 2)

With the help of above information, compute the necessary

accounting ratios. 3)

Compare the ratios so computed either with the ratios of the

same company for the previous year/s. 4)

Interpret the ratios in the light of the comparison, draw

inferences, and prepare reports.

Various Accounting Ratios (Functional wise classification) •

Liquidity Ratios

•

Turnover/activity Ratios

•

Profitability Ratios

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

LIQUIDITY RATIOS: Liquidity refers to the ability of the organization to generate cash internally from business operations or to raise cash externally from the financial institutions so that it can meet all its cash requirements and discharge all its current obligations. It is not an exaggeration but a fact that liquidity is very essential for the very survival of the organization. The liquidity ratios measure the firm’s ability to meet its short-term (less than one year) obligations as and when they become due. Liquidity ratios establish a relationship between cash and other current assets to provide a measure of then liquidity of the organization. The corporate liquidity has two dimensions namely, quantitative and qualitative concepts. The quantitative concept includes the quantum, structure and utilizations of liquid assets and in qualitative concepts, it is the ability to meet all present and potential demands on cash from any source in manner that minimizes cost and maximize the value of the form. Thus corporate liquidity is vital facto in business excess liquidity, through a generator of solvency would reflect lower profitability, deteriorations in managerial efficiency increased speculation and unjustified expansion, extension of too liberal credit and dividend policies. Too little liquidity then may lead to frustrations of business objections, reduced rate of return, business opportunity missed and weakening of morale. The important ratios to measure the liquidity of a firm are: A)

Current Ratio

B)

Quick/Acid Test Ratio

A) Current Ratio: The ability of a company to meet its short-term commitment is normally assessed by comparing Current Assets with Current Liabilities. As the Working Capital is equivalent to the difference between Current Assets and Current Liabilities, or as the Working Capital is the excess of Current Assets over

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Current liabilities, this ratio is called Working Capital Ratio. This ratio establishes the relationship between Current Assets and Current Liabilities

CURRENT ASSETS TO CURRENT LIABILITIES = Current Assets / current liabilities

Year

Current

Current

assets

Liabilities

2004-

11729190

72046325

1.62

2005

2 68946971

1.73

20052006 2006-

119869

Ratio

315 13894981

77335112

2007 2007-

5 13855489

69425372

1.99

2008 2008-

0 12687362

72678933

1.7

2009

1

BABASAB PATIL

1.79

4

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

current ratio 2.5

2 2004-2005 1.5

2005-2006 2006-2007

1

2007-2008 2008-2009

0.5

0 2004-2005

ANALYSIS: 1.

The above chart shows that there is a slight fluctuations in the current

assets and current liabilities. 2.

In present year the current ratio is less i.e. 1.74 compare to previous

year. BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3.

GCTM HULKOTI

The above chart reveals that the current ratio is increasing year by year

except 2009 INTERPRETATION: The current ratio is not satisfactory with a standard i.e.2:1.so company as to maintain standard current ratio. In the present year the current ratio is not satisfactory.

Quick ratio: Quick ratio is also known as liquid ratio or acid test ratio or near money ratio. It is the ratio between quick or liquid assets and quick liabilities. As pointed out, the current ratio in the study of solvency may be sometimes misleading due to high ratio of stock to current assets. Quick ratio= Quick assets Quick liabilities Quick assets = current assets- inventories Quick liability= current liability- bank over draft

Year

Quick assets

2004-2005

64343512

2005-2006

66826151

2006-2007

76593359

2007-2008

35

Quick liabilities

Ratio

59498988

1.08

68946971

0.96

77335112

0.99

804831 69425372 8058449 2008-2009

BABASAB PATIL

9

1.16 1.11

72678933

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Quick Ratio 1.4 1.2 1

2004-2005

0.8

2005-2006 2006-2007

0.6

2007-2008

0.4

2008-2009

0.2 0 Year

ANALYSIS: 1.

The above chart shows that there is slight fluctuation in Quick assets

and Quick liabilities. 2.

In the year 2009 the quick ratio is less i.e. 1.11 compare to 2008 quick

ratio i.e. 1.16. there is slight difference in quick ratio i.e. (0.05) 3.

The quick ratio is highest in the year 2004-05 i.e.0.67 comparing to all

next years 4.

The above chart reveals that there is not much difference in liquid ratios

of the company. ITERPRETATION: In the present year the quick ratio is not satisfactory because the quick assets is less than the quick liabilities.

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

TURNOVER/ ACTIVITY RATIOS: Another important dimension of liquidity or the short term financial position is the computation of the rates at which different short-term assets are converted into cash and how promptly the liabilities have been discharged. The important ratios used for this purpose are Stock Turnover Ratio, Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio, and Working Capital Turnover Ratio. 1) Inventory/Stock turn over ratio: This ratio is also known as stock velocity. This ratio is calculated to consider the adequacy of the quantum of capital and its justification for investing in inventory. A firm must have reasonable stock in comparison to sales. It is the ratio of cost of sales and average inventory. This ratio helps the financial manager to evaluate inventory policy. Inventory turnover ratio= cost of goods sold/average stock Cost of goods sold = op.stock + pur + direct exps – cl. Stock Average stock= op.stock +cl.stock/2 Year

Cost

2004-2005 2005-2006

Average

Ratio

goods sold 267396134 215622553

stock 46596794.5 46438443.5

0.57 4.64

2006-2007

227364007

51082152

4.45

2007-2008

263436840

53337453.5

4.93

2008-2009

252689320

44985614.5

5.62

BABASAB PATIL

of

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Inventory turnover ratio 6 5 2004-2005

4

2005-2006 3

2006-2007 2007-2008

2

2008-2009

1 0 Year year

ANALYSIS: 1.

From the above chart we come to know that the stock is increased year

by year. The stock ratio is 5.62 in the year 2009 compare to previous year i.e. 4.93in the year 2008. 2.

The increasing stock will be results in raise of cost of production.

3.

when the cost of goods sold increases the profitability automatically

decreases i.e. the company face the problem of loss 4. The above chart shows that the Ratios are increasing year by year. INTERPRETATION: The above table realize that the company have a more stock. It is not favorable for the company because it increases the costs.

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Profitability Ratios: Gross profit ratio: It is ratio of Gross profit to net sales expressed as percentage. It shows the relationship between gross profit and sales. Gross profit/ sales*100 Year

G/P

Sales

Ratio

2004-2005

2536378

269932512

0.93

2005-2006

15767889

231390442

6.81

2006-2007

27291869

254655866

10.71

2007-2008

10816538

274253348 3.94

2008-2009

4049865

256739185 1.57

Gross Profit Ratio 12 10 2004-2005

8

2005-2006 6

2006-2007 2007-2008

4

2008-2009

2 0 Year

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

ANALYSIS:: 1 .

The above table reveals that the Gross Profit is increased in the year

2006-07. But remaining years it is declining. 2. In the year 2006-07 the sales are good compare to all remaining years. So the gross profit is increased to 10.71 in this year. 3. In the year 2004-05 the gross profit is less i.e. 0.93 compare to all next year because of the purchasing costs are more compare to others years. INTERPRETATION: The above chart shows that the Gross Profit is declining year by year. It is decline 1.57 in the 2009. It is not favorable for the company.

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

2)NET PROFIT RATIO: It is ratio of Net profit to net sales expressed as percentage. It shows the relationship between Net profit and sales. Net profit/ sales*100 Year

Net Profit

sales

Ratio

2004-2005

-7733598

269932512

-2.86

2005-2006

-228728

231390442

0.098

2006-2007

7421223

254655866

2.91

2007-2008

4449324

274253348 1.62

2008-2009

13165013

256739185 -5.12

Net Profit Ratio 4 3 2 1 2004-2005

0 Y ear -1 -2

2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009

-3 -4 -5 -6

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

ANALYSIS: 1.The

above chart shows that the company is facing heavy loss in the year

2009.beacuase the reasons behind this is one is the previous year losses and also the expenses are increased year by year. 2. The above chart reveals that company financial statements it is recovering losses in the year 2007-08 but it is not possible in the year 2009 3. The above statement reveals that the company is under a loss because of increase in the costs but the sales are declining.

ITERPRETATION: The above chart shows that the company is under loss. Because the expenses are more than the incomes.

FINDINGS: 1.From the Income statement i found that the operating expenses increased compare to previous year. There is need of control on expenses. 2.From the comparative statement of 2008-09 we can find that there is decrease .(21%) in working capital compare to the year 2008. The current assets less but the current liabilities are more, so the company have to utilize funds properly i.e. there is a need of control on expenses 3. According to comparative Statements we come to know that the sales Gross profit are declining compare to previous year (2008) BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

4.Liquidity ratios Current ratios: The current assets ratio as per calculation it is observed

that, it has been increased by 1.62

to 1.73 to 1.79 to 1.99 to 1.74 from 2005 to 2009. It doesn’t reaches the standard ratio, so it is unfavorable to the company 5. Inventory turn over ratio Inventory turn over ratio has been increased continuously i.e. 0.57 to .

4.64 to 4.45 to 4.93to 5.62 from 2005 to

2009 so it is not favorable to the .

.

Company.

6. From the above financial analysis I found that in the present year the

company is under loss.

7. The gross profit is found to be very low compare to previous year. The gross profit is declining .It reveals that the companies position is not appreciable 8. The trend analysis reveals that the sales declining year by year but there is slight fluctuation in costs.

SUGGETIONS:

1. Ratio analysis indicates that the firm is not in good health none of the ratios are not reaching the standard . It is necessary enhance the operating efficiency.. Hence the firm should concentrate on enhancing the operating efficiency of the firm for enhancement of share holders wealth

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

2. From the study it is found that the funds are used for short term assets which should be avoided. The long term sources of funds should be used for long term assets and not for short term assets. 3. The Gross Profit ratio indicates that the gross profit is declining year by year, it is not good for the company so it as to take measures to control the operating costs. 4. The company needs to maintain good inventory turnover ratio by increasing the sales. 5. The current ratio of the company doesn’t reach standard ratio, so company need to concentrate on increasing the current ratio by increasing in current assets

\CONCLUSION: This study helps to know that the companies financial position. The sales of the company is decline in the year 2009. There is increases costs in some years so it is needs to reduce its costs. As the study helps to know that the changes in financial statements i.e. increase or decrease in the liabilities and assets. By the ratio analysis we come to know that the companies solvency. The company have to take some measures to control the costs. This study helps us to know that the companies financial position is not appreciable because there is loss in the present year due to high expenses. so it has to control the costs. By the analysis of financial statements I conclude that, overall financial performance of the company is not satisfactory. The company can try to take a some measures to increase profit i.e. proper utilization of available resources.

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE GADAG CO-OPERATIVE TEXTILE MILL LTD STRENGTHS 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Good reputation in the market Good network of dealers Well connected with roads Well established in infrastructure facilities 45% share capital given by the government New specialized types of machines Good support from the farmers as well as from the society Financially strong

WEAKNESSES 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

No nation wide brands Less sales promotion activities Large work force Partly automated lack of R&D Low labour productivity Not concentrating towards competition OPPORTUNITIES

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Land is available for expansion Company can tie with other reputed company Existence of a large market Possibility of 100% automations Market expansion They are shortly getting the ISO 9001

THREATS 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) .

Decreasing in agricultural production Globalization and liberalization Cut through the competition Taste and fashion of customers turning towards the ready made garments Negligence of Government as well as less guidance and low support from the Government

BABASAB PATIL

Page 81

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

CHAPTER - 4

BABASAB PATIL

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

Bibliography: Accounting for Managers by J. Made Gowda Management Accounting by R.S.N.pillai and Bhagavathi Annual reports of the G.C.T.M Hulkoti

BABASAB PATIL

Page 83

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

ANNEXURE: Income and Expenditure A/C of Gadag Co-Operative Textile Mill. Incomes Sales Less: cost of goods sold

2005 269932512

2006 231390442

2007 254655866

2008 274253348

15387344

215622553

227363997

263436810

G/p

2536378

15767889

27291869

10816538

Other income

13944630

6240291

2961984

12776730

Total

283877142

22008180

30253853

23593268

Administration exp

8249677

8820456

9571046

7551010

Interest

13893862

11769457

11436128

9295525

Depreciation

421916

388323

345205

309944

Provision for bad debts and D.D

500000

-

-

Expenditure

1149152

1258671

1480251

1987465

-7733598

-228728

7421223

4449324

Maintenance of vehicles Net profit/Loss

BABASAB PATIL

Page 84

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GCTM HULKOTI

BALANCE SHEET: particu lars Liabilit ies Share capital Reserv e fund Other funds Long term loans Curren t liabiliti es Total Fixed assets Curren t A: Cash in hand Cash at bank S.Debto rs Advanc es Other receiva bles Fixed deposit s Closing BABASAB PATIL

200 5

2006

2007

200 8

2009

817 700 00 129 455 60 166 883 025 808 573 37

8177 1000 1294 5560 1731 2298 0 6831 0000

8177 2700 1294 5560 1772 3486 8 6694 0000

8177 3300 1294 5560 1832 3387 0 6305 0000

6757 6971

7733 5112

817 733 00 129 455 60 180 562 312 669 400 00

581 289 88 400 584 910 179 219 995 151 43 502 745 0 353 711 42 161 617

4037 2651 1

4162 2824 0

1726 8945 6

1804 0190 7

4155 0 4634 497 5157 9031 4062 468 6316 33

2053 0 1844 6450 4732 0434 5151 421 5000 00

4876 972 5304

4895 227 6235

694 253 71 411 646 544 180 915 756 404 60 162 287 26 517 099 42 568 737

7267 8933 4136 8166 3 1812 1183 4 2709 4 1934 6310 5100 3132 4858 428 1021 508 4328 027 4628 Page 85

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

stock Previou s year loss Loss for the year Total

2 633 633 206 799 72 529 483 90 963 394 14 773 359 8

400 584 910

BABASAB PATIL

3163 1040 7301 2

6456 9688 0517

1287 28

4037 2651 1

4162 2824 0

GCTM HULKOTI

9 185 478 6 470 654 3 580 717 55

9122 1055 9620 6

4136 8166 3

924 311 93

411 646 544

Page 86