Rapport ONEP PDF.pdf

Université Mohamed V –AgdalEcole Supérieure de Technologie de Salé-

« Automatisat Automatisation ion d’un groupe électrogène via un automate programmable TSX MICRO 3721 » Tuteur :

Réalisé par :

Mme . Soumia DIOURI

Ahmed EL HAOUARI

Encadrant de stage :

Département :

Mr. Ahmed AYOUB

Maintenance Industrielle

Membres de jury :

Filière :

Mme. Soumia DIOURI

Génie Industriel et Maintenance

Mr . Ahmed AKKARY Mr. Khalid BENBOUYA Année universitaire :2010/2011

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Dédicaces A Dieu le tout puissant, le Clément, le Glorieux, le Juste et le Gracieux A mes très chers parents En témoignage de mon amour, mon affection et ma reconnaissance pour les efforts que vous avez fournis pour moi durant toutes ces années A mes sœurs A ma famille A tous mes amis A tous ceux qui me sont chers, Merci pour votre soutien et encouragement  Je vous dédie cet humble travail en signe de reconnaissance et de

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Remerciements C’est avec un grand plaisir que   je réserve ces lignes pour remercier tous ceux qui ont contribué de près ou de loin à l’élaboration et la réussite de

ce travail. Mes vifs remerciements vont conjointement à mes encadrants : Mme. Soumia DIOURI et Mr. Omar Abderrahman ALIMAM , pour leur disponibilité, leur orientation avisée, leur suivi permanent, leur assistance perspicace et leurs instructions pertinentes tout au long de ce projet.  Je les remercie aussi pour les précieux conseils qu’ils n’ont cessés de me prodiguer et qui ont fort contribués à l’accomplissement de ce travail.

 Je tiens à exprimer toute ma reconnaissance à Mr. Ahmed AYOUB   qui m’a donné l’opportunité d’effectuer ce stage et qui a accepté ma demande de prolongation afin de terminer et de réussir ce travail.  J’adresse mes sincères remerciements à Mme. Khadija CHERKAOUI et Mme. Halima NAJEM qui m’ont soutenu, encouragé et donné l’opportunité de réaliser ce stage de fin d’étude.

 Je tiens également à remercier aussi tous les membres du jury pour l’honneur qu’ils m’ont accordé en acceptant de juger ce travail. De même, je dois rendre hommage au personnel de l’Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Salé et notamment le corps enseignant pour les efforts louables qu’il n’a pas manqué de déployer afin d’assurer aux étudiants une

formation de haut niveau.

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Table des matières ................................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ....................... ...... 8 Introduction générale ................................ ................................................ .................................. ............................... .............. 9 Chapitre I :Présentation de l’O.N.E.P ............................... I.

................................................... ................................. ................................. .................................. .............................. ............. 10 Introduction ..................................

II.

................................................. ................................. .................................. ............................ ........... 11 Présentation de l’ONEP ................................. 1.

.................................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ............................... .............. 11 Historique .................................

2.

................................................ .................................. .................................. ................... ... 11 Fiche technique de l’ONEP ................................

3.

................................................ .................................. ................................. ................ 12 L’organigramme de L’ ONEP ...............................

4.

III.

3-1

Organigram Organigramme me général général ................................ ................................................ .................................. .................................. .................... 12

3-2

Organigramme de la direction régionale ................... .......... .................. .................. ................... ................... ......... 13

3-3

Activités du service maintenance ................... ......... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ............ ... 13

................................................ .................................. .................................. ........................ ....... 14 Complexe de Bouregreg ............................... 4-1

Barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah ................... ......... ................... ................... ................... .................. ............... ...... 15

4-2

Tour de prise ................................ ................................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ..................... 15

4-3

Station Station de pompage pompage ................................ ................................................. .................................. .................................. ........................ ....... 16

4-4

Station Station de de traitemen traitementt................................. .................................................. .................................. ................................. ..................... ..... 17

.................................................. ................................. ......................20 .....20 Les étapes de la production d’eau ..................................

1.

................................................ ................................. ................................. .................................. ..................... 21 L’ouvrage d’arrivé ...............................

2.

................................................... ................................. ................................. .................................. .............................. .............22 Le réactif  ..................................

3.

.................................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ...................... ..... 22 La décantation .................................

4.

.................................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. ........................... .......... 23 La filtration ..................................

5.

................................................. ................................. ................................. .............................. .............. 25 L’ouvrage de départ .................................

Chapitre II : Présentation du projet de stage  ............................................. ............................................................. ..................... .... 26 I.

................................................... ................................. ................................. .................................. .............................. .............27 Introduction ..................................

I.

................................................ ................................. ................................. .............................. ..............27 Le groupe électrogène ................................ 1.

................................................... ................................. ................................. .................................. .............................. .............27 Définition ..................................

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1.

................................................... ................................. ................................. .................................. ..............................2 .............288 Définition ..................................

2.

................................................ .................................. .................................. .................................. .......................... ......... 29 Composition ...............................

III. 1.

.................................................. ................................. ................................. .......................... .......... 29  Analyse fonctionnelle .................................. ................................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. .......................... ......... 29 Introduction .................................

.................................................. .................................. .............................. .............30 2.  Analyse fonctionnelle externe externe ................................. 2-1

Diagramme de "Bête à cornes" ................... ......... ................... ................... ................... .................. .................. ................. ........ 30

2-2

Diagramme Diagramme Pieuvre Pieuvre ................................ ................................................. .................................. .................................. ........................ ....... 31

................................................ .................................. ................................. ................ 32 3.  Analyse fonctionnelle interne interne ............................... 3-1

Diagramme Diagramme FAST.................................. .................................................. ................................. ................................. ........................... ........... 32

3-2

Diagramme Diagramme SADT ................................. ................................................. ................................. .................................. ........................... .......... 33

................................................. .................................. ........................... .......... 35 Chapitre III : Programmation de l’API ................................ I.

................................................... ................................. ................................. .................................. .............................. .............36 Introduction ..................................

II.

................................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ...................... .....36 Cahier de charge ................................ 1.

.................................................. .................................. .................................. ........................ .......36 Description des postes .................................

2.

................................................ .................................. ................................. ................................. ...................... .....36 Fonctionnement ...............................

III. 1.

2-1

Le fonctionnement normal ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ............ ... 37

2-2

La gestion des défauts ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ................... ............38

................................................. .................................. .................................. ........................ .......38 Programmation de l’API ................................ ................................................. .................................. .............................. .............38 La modélisation du GRAFCET................................ 1-1

Le fonctionnement normal ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ............ ... 39

1-2

La gestion des défauts ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ................... .......... 40

................................................. .................................. ................................. .................................. ..............................42 .............42 2.  Adressage ...............................

3.

2-1

Les entrées................. entrées................................. ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ......................42 .....42

2-2

Les sorties sorties ................................ ................................................ ................................. ................................. .................................. ......................... .......43

2-3

Les temporisat temporisateurs eurs............................... ................................................ .................................. .................................. .......................... ......... 44

2-4

Les mémoires mémoires ............................... ................................................ ................................. ................................. .................................. .....................45

2-5

Compteur Compteur ................................ ................................................ ................................. ................................. .................................. ........................ ...... 46

................................................. ................................. .................................. .................................. .......................... ......... 46 L’affectation.................................

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Table des figures Figure 1: Organigramme général de l’ONEP ................................................  ........................... ....................... 12

Figure 2: Organigramme Organigramme la direction côte atlantique .................................. ................... ............... 13 Figure 3 : Complexe de Bouregreg ......................................................... ................................... .............................. ........ 14 Figure 4: Barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah ........................................... ...................... ....................... 15 Figure 5 : La tour de prise .......................................... .................... ............................................ ..................................... ............... 16 Figure 6 : La station de pompage ......................................... ................... ............................................ .......................... .... 17 Figure 7 : Schéma synoptique de la station 1 ........................................ ................... .............................. ......... 18 Figure 8 : Schéma synoptique de la station 2 ........................................... ...................... .......................... ..... 19 Figure 9 : Schéma synoptique de la station 3 . ......................................... .................... ......................... .... 20 Figure 10 : Schéma descriptif de la production de l’eau ...............................  .................... ........... 21 Figure 11 : L’injection du réactif ............................................ ...................... ........................................... ......................... .... 22 Figure 12 : La décantation d’eau .................................................................... 23 Figure 13 : La filtration d’eau  ......................................................................... 23 Figure 14 : Lavage des filtres .......................................... .................... ............................................ ................................ .......... 25 Figure 15 : Composition du groupe électrogène........................................... ...................... ..................... 27 Figure 16 : Composition du l’API « TSX MICRO 3721 »  ............................... 29 Figure 17 : Diagramme Pieuvre du groupe électrogène ................................ ..................... ........... 31 Figure 18 : Diagramme FAST du groupe électrogène .................................. .................... .............. 33 Figure 19 : Diagramme SADT du groupe électrogène ................................. .............................. ... 34 Figure 20 : Grafcet du fonctionnement normal ........................................... ...................... ..................... 39 Figure 21 : Grafcet du défaut général ......................................................... ................................... ......................... ... 40 Figure 22 ; Grafcet du défaut « Rupture de la courroie » ............................. 41 Figure 23 : Grafcet du défaut « Alternateur » ........................................... ...................... .......................... ..... 41

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Table des tableaux

Tableau 1 : Fiche technique de l’ONEP ..................................... ..................... 11

Tableau 2 : Caractéristiques des moteurs de la station de pompage........... 17 Tableau 3 : Caractéristiques des pompes de la station de pompage ........... ...... ..... 17 Tableau 4 : Fiche technique du groupe électrogène .................................... ...................... .............. 28 Tableau 5 : Tableau fonctionnel ........................................... ..................... ........................................... ......................... .... 32 Tableau 6 : Adressage des entrées ................................................................ 43 Tableau 7 : Adressage des sorties ......................................... ................... ............................................ ......................... ... 43 Tableau 8 : Adressage des temporisateurs ................................................... ................................ ................... 44 Tableau 9 : Adressage des mémoires .......................................... ..................... ....................................... .................. 46 Tableau 10 : Adressage du compteur ............................................................ ....................................... ..................... 46 Tableau 11 : Tableau descriptif des sections ...................................... ................. ................................ ........... 48

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Introduction générale Le processus d’automatisation de la production industrielle a lentement progressé tout au long de notre siècle, sans donner l’impression que l’on

réussirait vraiment à dépasser le stade de la simple assistance mécanisée. D’ailleurs l’électronique analogique n’avait pas réellement permis de franchir ce pas symbolique au- delà duquel la machine se substituerait à l’opérateur humain. Aujourd'hui, l'automate programmable est le principal système de commande utilisé dans l'industrie. Grâce à l'évolution de l'électronique et de l'informatique, la performance et les capacités des API (Automates Programmables Industriels) sont impressionnantes, tout en continuant à remplacer les relais de commande. Ils peuvent maintenant effectuer des opérations mathématiques, contrôler et régulariser des procédés industriels. De plus, les API peuvent communiquer entre eux, ainsi qu'avec un ordinateur hôte, Ce dernier peut faire la collecte de données, modifier les paramètres d'opération des API et même modifier leur programme . C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscris ce stage de fin d’études effectué à l’Office National de l’Eau Potable, et dont l’objectif principal est  : « Automatisation d’un groupe électrogène en utilisant un langage LADDER  »

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Chapitre I : Présentation de l’O.N.E.P

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I.

Introduction

Conscient de la nécessité d’une maîtrise rationnel le de l’eau, le Maroc s’est

attaché depuis de nombreuses années à mettre en ouvre une politique de planification et de mobilisation des ressources en eau à long terme. Au seuil de la décennie 1960, Sa Majesté le Roi Hassan II a impulsé une dynamique exceptionnelle à la mise en valeur de l’eau. Dans ce cadre, un plan directeur d’approvis ionnement en eau potable à l’échelle nationale a été élaboré. La création de l’Office National de l’Eau Potable compte parmi les premières

réalisations de ce plan. Les objectifs permanents de l’office consistent à  :     

Définir le besoin en eau potable et indu strielle pour l’ensemble des consommateurs. Mobiliser et réserver à moyen et long terme, d ans l’espace et dans le temps les ressources en eau nécessaire. Assurer dans les meilleures conditions la satisfaction des besoins de consommateurs. Coordonner tous l es programmes d’investissement relatifs aux adductions d’eau potable. Prévoir les fonds nécessaires pour la réalisation d’ensemble cohérent d’investissement auxquels des organisme s de financement participeront

à un rythme de plus en plus croissant. Contrôler la qualité des eaux dans les systèmes qu’il gère ainsi que la

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II.

Présentation de l’ONEP 1. Historique

Créé en 1972, l'ONEP est un établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial doté de la personnalité civile et de l'autonomie financière. Acteur principal dans le secteur de l'eau potable et de l'assainissement, les missions principales de l'Office vont de la planification de l'approvisionnement en eau potable jusqu'à sa distribution en passant par les phases, études, conception, réalisation, gestion, exploitation des unités de production, de distribution et d'assainissement liquide et enfin du contrôle de la qualité des eaux jusqu'à la protection de la ressource[1]. 2. Fiche technique de l’ONEP

Promoteur

ONEP (Office (Office Nationale de l’Eau P otable).

Activité

Le traitement des eaux

Capital

3 489 millions de DH

Date de création

1972

Numéro de la patente

1 537 885 177

Situation juridique

Semi Publique

Tél   Tél

+21237759600

Fax   Fax

+21237758897

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3. L’organigramme de L’ ONEP 3-1 Organigramme général

Agence Contrôle des Opérations

Directeur Général Général Adjoint Chargé C hargé de la Stratégie

Direction Audit et Organisation Directeur Général Direction Dire ction Coopération et Communication Communication

DIRECTEUR GENERAL

Direction Responsabilité Procédurale

Direction Financière

de L’Assainissement »

Directeur Ingénierie de Formation

Directeur Conseil Stratégique

Directeur Central Chargé du Pôle Finances

« Institut International de l’Eau et

Directeur Développement et Prospection Directeur Central Chargé du Pôle Ressources Direction des

Directeur Central Chargé du Pôle Industriel Direction Patrimoine

Directeur Général Adjoint Chargé du Développement

Direction Planification

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3-2 Organigramme de la direction régionale

Direction régional de la côte atlantique (Division technique)

Service

Service

Service

Service

Service

Service de

d’étude

des

de

méthode

maintenance

régulation

travaux

gestion

Figure 2: Organigramme Organigramme la direction côte atlantique (Division technique) technique) 3-3 Activités du service maintenance

Afin d’assurer le bon déroulement des travaux de la maintenance, L’ONEP a

mis à la disposition du département maintenance plusieurs services.

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B. La salle de contrôle Elle permet le contrôle de l’état de toutes les équipements et tous les postes du

complexe, par un suivi permanent à l’aide d’un d’ un système de supervision .

C. Service électrique Il assure les travaux de régulation, automatisation et instrumentation , ainsi que l’entretien des équipements  électriques . 4. Complexe de Bouregreg Bouregreg

Avec sa capacité actuelle de 1.000.000 m3/jour, le complexe Bouregreg est la plus importante unité d’eau pot able au Maroc. Les installations de traitement comprennent trois unités utilisant les procédés les plus modernes. Il alimente Rabat, Casablanca, Salé, et les centres avoisinant à partir des eaux superficielles régularisées par le barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah dont le pompage le traitement et le transport nécessité la réalisation d’ouvrage très

important.

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   

Barrage SIDI MOHAMMED BEN ABDELLAH. Tour de prise. Station de Pompage. Station de traitement.

4-1 Barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah

Edifié en 1972 pour mobiliser les eaux des bassins versants des Oueds Bouregreg ,Grou et Korifla, le Barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abella est exclusivement réservé à la production d’eau potable et industrielle. Sa capacité capac ité actuelle est d’un milliard de m 3  après surélévation des travaux qui sont

terminés actuellement.

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concentriques en béton armé, à l’intérieur d’elle se trouve un puits  équipée de 7 pertuis. Ce puits permet la maîtrise des variations saisonnière de la qualité de l’eau brute, et il est relié à sa base a la galerie d’adduction par une vanne de garde (vanne murale) .

Figure 5 : La tour de prise 

 Alimentation électrique électrique de la tour de prise

Le poste électrique de transformation : contient deux transformateurs de 5.5 KV\380V, alimentés par deux lignes 5.5 KV, une provenant de la station de

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Figure 6 : La station de pompage



Caractéristiques des moteurs

Moteur

Type

Un

Pn

Vitesse Tr/min

Refroidissement

Marque

G2 G3

à cage

5.5 KV

4.4 MW

1000

Air

SIEMENS

à cage

5.5 KV

4.4 MW

1000

Air

G4

à cage

5.5 KV

4.4 MW

1000

Air

G5 G6 G7 G8

à cage

5.5 KV

4.4 MW

1000

Air

JEUMONT SCHNEIDER JEUMONT SCHNEIDER SIEMENS

à cage

5.5 KV

4.4 MW

1000

Air

SIEMENS

à cage

5.5 KV

4.4 MW

1000

Air

SIEMENS

à cage

5.5 KV

2.2 MW

1000

Air

SIEMENS

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traitement des eaux. Pour le système de travail des deux stations S2 et S3 est le même, mais pour la station S1 il y a une différence au niveau du décanteur. o

Station de traitement S1

La station de traitement S1 est mise en service depuis 1969 , son débit est de 1m3 /s , elle est constituée de deux décanteurs circulaires

de 32m de diamètre

à circulation de boues avec dispositif de raclage. L’installation de filtration

comprend 8 filtres doubles de 90 m2 chacun.

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o

Station de traitement 2

La station de traitement S2 est mise en service depuis 1976 , son débit est de 3m3 /s , elle comprend trois décanteurs à lit de boues type pulsateur

.

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o

Station de traitement 3

La station de traitement S3 est mise en service depuis 1983 , son débit est de 5m3 /s ,

elle est constituée de quatre décanteurs rectangulaires de type

pulsateur .

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BARRAGE

TOUR DE PRISE

STATION DE POMPAGE

OUVRAGE D'ARRIVE

STATION DE TAITEMENT 1

STATION DE TRAITEMENT 2

STATION DE TRAITEMENT 3

1m3/s

3m3/s

5m3/s

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2. Le réactif L’eau brute du barrage Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah   contient des matières

solubles, en suspension, colloïdales, organiques et minérales. Pour que l’eau soit potable, il faut se débarrasser de ces matières qui causent les problèmes de turbidité, de couleur et d’odeur. C’est le rôle du laboratoire contrôle de qualité de l’eau de l’ ONEP qui définit

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circulaires, tandis que les stations 2 et 3 sont dotées respectivement de 3 et 4 décanteurs pulsateurs.

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En cas de colmatage, une signalisation est affichée en salle de contrôle ainsi que sur le pupitre propre à chaque filtre. L’opérateur déclenche les opérations

de lavage manuellement par simple action sur un bouton poussoir sur le pupitre. o

Le lavage des filtres

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Conclusion Nul ne peut contester l ’importance d’une maitrise efficace des pertes et une réduction directe dans certains aspects des processus industriels de production, de contrôle et de gestion que peut générer leur optimisation pour toute entreprise industrielle. Dans cette perspective, la finalité de ce projet a été d’optimiser les pertes que peut provoquer une coupure d’alimentation au niveau des postes

qui alimentent les différentes stations de traitement et de production d’eau potable. Et également de rendre le démarrage de ce groupe

électrogène ainsi que la gestion automatique des défauts via un automate programmable TSX 3721 , sans avoir besoin d’un opérateur pour effectuer cette opération.  Je pense que ce modeste travail a répondu partiellement au besoin de l’entreprise, mais  il reste encore beaucoup de choses à faire dans ce

domaine.

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Bibliographie

[1] : www.onep.ma [2] : Documentation de l’ONEP [3] : Procédure de lavage des filtres [4] : www. wikipedia.org [5] : Consignes générales de sécurité des API TSX 3721 [6] : Cours d’informatique industrielle (Mr . RAMZI Mustapha)