Railway,Tunnel&Harbour

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING VISem Subject : RAILWAY, TUNNEL AND HARBOUR ENGINEERING Hours per week 04

Total hours: 64hr. COURSE CONTENT

SI. No Topic

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Railways Introduction Permanent way Rails Sleepers Ballast Cross section of a railway track Track geometrics Maintenance of track Station and yards Points and crossings Signaling and interlocking

Hours allocated

Marks Weightage

2 2 4 3 3 3 6 2 2 2 2

5 5 10 8 8 8 15 5 5 5 5

1 3 2 2 3 2 2

3 8 5 5 8 5 5

Tunnels

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

Introduction Tunnel Surveying Size and shape of tunnels Ventilation of tunnels Constructing of tunnels Tunnel lining Drainage of tunnels Harbours

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

Introduction Break waters Jetties and quays Signals Docks Dredging Tests Innovation and Seminar Total

1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 64

3 5 5 5 5 5 --145

General educational objectives: Upon completion of the study of the subject, the student should be able to 1 Appreciate the importance of railways to the development of a country 2 Know the different types of railway tracks; railway fastenings & maintenance of tracks. 3 Understand the functions of stations, yards, points and crossings and the method of signaling and interlocking. 4 Understand the importance of tunnels in transportation engineering. 5 Understand the methods of tunnel surveying, fixing the tunnel shape and size, and providing the facilities like ventilation, drainage and lining. 6 Know the different types of harbours and their component parts 7 Know the types & functions of the components like breakwater, jetties, signals, docks and the method of dredging. Specific Instructional Objectives Upon the completion of the study of the subject, the student should be able to 1 Understand and appreciate the importance of railways 1.1 State the necessity of railways 1.2 Compare roads and railways

2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 3

Know the different types of railway tracks, railway fastenings and maintenance of tracks. State different gauges used in Indian railways State the advantages of having uniformity of gauges Explain the component parts of permanent way Explain the necessity of coning of wheels State the advantages and disadvantages of CC & PSC types of sleepers Sketch the cross sections of railway track for BG Know the types of ballast Sketch and dimensioning of flat footed rail Know the maintenance of railway track Know the duties of permanent way inspector Know the types of gradients and super elevation Understand the importance of widening of a railway track on curves

3.1 3.2 3.3

Understand the functions of stations and yards, points and crossings and the methods of signaling and interlocking Describe different types of stations and yards List the types of points and crossings with sketches Explain the various signals and interlocking arrangements with suitable sketches

4 4.1

Understand the importance of tunnels in transportation engineering List the advantages and disadvantages of tunnels

5

Understand the methods of tunnel surveying, fixing the tunnel shape &

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

Size and providing facilities like ventilation, drainage and lining State the methods of locating the center line of a tunnel State the factors affecting the size and shape of the tunnel Explain the purpose, size and location of shafts in ventilation Explain the different aspects of drainage and lining the tunnel

6 6.1 6.2

Know the different types of harbours and their component parts Sketch harbour layout indicating its component parts List the factors to be considered for selection of site for different types of harbour

7

Know the types and functions of the components like breakwaters,  jetties, signals, quays, docks and dredging List the types and functions of breakwaters List the types and functions of jetties and quays Describe various signals used in harbours Explain the functions of different types docks Know the necessity of dredging Know the hydraulic dredger

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6

COURSE OUTLINE PART A. Railways I Introduction 1. Necessity of new railway lines 2. Comparison of roads and railways 3. Railway terminology 4. Systems of railways II Permanent way 1. Definition and requirements of an ideal permanent way 2. Selection of gauge 3. Advantages of uniformity in gauges 4. Component parts of a permanent way III Rails 1. Function and requirements of rails 2. List the types of rail sections –study of flat footed rails 3. Length of rails 4. Rail joints – types and requirement 5. Welding of rails – methods and advantages 6. Creep-definition, causes and prevention 7. Coning of wheels IV Sleepers 1. Definition & functions of sleepers 2. List the types of sleepers - requirements and study of CC & PSC sleepers 3. Advantages and disadvantages of CC & PSC sleepers 4. Sleeper de V Ballast

1. Functions of ballast 2. Requirements of ballast 3. List the types of ballasts-study of broken stones & cinders VI Cross sections of railway track 1. Cross sections of railway track in cutting and embankment for both single and double tracks (BG only) 2. Fixtures and fastenings-definition and functions only (Fish plates, Bolts, Springs and Chairs) VII Track geometrics 1. Factors governing the alignment of railway track 2. Gradient and types of gradients 3. Super elevation-definition and objects 4. Relation of super elevation, gauge, speed and radius of the curve-derivation and simple problems (Without Derivation) 5. Widening of gauges on curves PART B Railways VIII Track maintenance 1. Definition, necessity and classification 2. Duties of permanent way inspector IX Station and Yards 1. Technical terms used in stations 2. List the classification of railway stations 3. Layouts of railway station-class B, crossing type wayside on double line track and terminal station 4. Definition, purpose and requirements of railway yards 5. List the classification of railway yards 6. Layout of marshalling yard 7. Level crossing X Points and crossings 1. Definition and necessity 2. Layout of a double line turnout with technical terms associated with it XI Signaling and interlocking 1. Definition and Objects of signaling 2. List the classification of signals 3. Study of Semaphore & colored signals 4. Definition, necessity & principle of interlocking PART C. Tunnels I Introduction 1. Definition of tunnels 2. Advantages and disadvantages of tunnels II Tunnel Surveying

1. Setting out the alignment of the tunnel on the ground 2. Constructing the shafts over the centre line 3. Transferring the alignment to inside of the tunnel III Size and shape of tunnels 1. List the different shapes of the tunnels 2. Cross-sections of tunnels- circular, segmental & horse shoe tunnels 3. Factors affecting the size of the tunnel IV Construction of tunnels 1. List the different types of tunneling 2. Needle beam method of tunneling 3. Heading and bench method of tunneling V Tunnel lining 1. Objects of lining 2. Types of lining VI Ventilation of the tunnels 1. Natural method of ventilation 2. Mechanical method of ventilation VII Drainage of tunnels 1. Definition and purpose 2. Temporary drainage system 3. Permanent drainage system PART D Harbours I Introduction 1. Definition & classification of harbours 2. Selection of site for a good harbour II Breakwaters 1. Definition and its function 2. Types of breakwaters-vertical wall type & composite III Jetties & quays 1. Functions 2. Types of quays & jetties IV Signals 1. Requirement of signals 2. List the types of signals 3. Study of beacon signal V Docks 1. Definition & types of docks VI Dredging 1. Definition & necessity of dredging 2. List the types of dredgers 3. Study of hydraulic dredger.

References 1. Roads Railway tunnels and Harbors By H S Vishwanath, Sapna Publications. 2. Transporting engineering by N L Arora 3. Transporting engineering by A Kamala 4. A text book of railway engineering by Saxena & Arora 5. Tunnel Engineering by S P Bindra 6. A text book of Railway engineering by S C Rangawala 7. Tunnel Engineering by S C Saxena 8. Harbours, docks and tunnel engineering by Srinivasan

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING VI Sem MODEL QUESTION PAPER VI SEM CIVIL

TIME: 3 hours

RAILWAYS, TUNNELS AND HARBOURS MAX. MARKS:100

Instructions: 1. Question No-1 is compulsory 2. Answer two full questions from each section

1. a) Fill up the blanks i. ii iii iv v

1X5

b) Write short notes on i. Uniformity of Gauges ii. Yards 2.5x2 RAILWAYS SECTION - I 2. a) Give comparison between Road ways and Railways with suitable Characteristics b) List the factors affecting the choice of the Gauge c) What are the functions of Rails 3. a) Sketch the flat footed rail with dimensions b) What are the ideal requirements of a sleepers c) What are the advantages of Concrete Sleepers over the others 4. a) Mention the different types of Ballast and explain any one b) What are the requirements of Fish Plats and Bolts c) Sketch and label the cross section of a single lane BG Track in Banking SECTION – II 5.a) What are the duties of Permanent Way Inspector b) Define Cant. Mention the desired value of Cant for BG. c) Draw a neat sketch of a single lane Way Side Station 6.a) Sketch and label double lane Turnout b) State the principle of Inter locking c) Explain briefly Colour Light Signaling System 7.a) Draw a neat sketch of Level Crossing b) What are the requirements of Railway Yards c) What are the different types of Crossings

5

5

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

TUNNELS SECTION – III

8. a) List the methods of Tunneling in hard rock b) Explain how a centre line of a tunnel is transferred from the surface to in side of the tunnel 9. a) What are the factors affecting while selecting the size of a tunnel b) List the classification of the Tunnels c) Explain the method of Heading and Bench Method of Tunneling 10 a) What are the purpose of Lining of Tunnels b) Explain Natural Method of Ventilation c) Explain briefly temporary Drainage System

5 10 5 5 5 5 5 5

HARBOURS SECTION – IV 11 Explain with sketches any two types of Break waters 12 Explain briefly Wet Docks 13 Write a note on Hydraulic Dredger

10 10 10