Radioinmunoanálisis 1

 

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JÆXLH^F HL GKD\K@C@OÄF

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H@JLKXL1 DYQ. Cujäf Jfnfsjfko` Dfrtäklz. DsJ

GKXLO^FKXLZ1 Uf`cf Ufktl Blrdlcgkhf Cúplz

J\^Z@1 Xlrjlr` –F—

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ÄKHGJL 6. @NALXGY@Z........................................................ @NALXGY@Z........................................................................... ................................. ................... .....:: 6.6. @naltgv` Olklrfc............................................................................ Olklrfc................................................................................. .....:: 6.>. @naltgv`s Lspljäigj`s................................................. Lspljäigj`s...........................................................................: ..........................: >. GKX^@H\JJGÚK................................ GKX^@H\JJGÚK............................................................. ............................................. ........................ ........:: :. DF^J@ XLÚ^GJ@........................................................... XLÚ^GJ@.................................................................................. .......................88 :.6. Olklrfcghfhls............................................... Olklrfcghfhls............................................................................ .......................................... .............88 :.6.6. Dlhghfs hl slourghfh................................................... slourghfh......................................................................< ...................< :.6.>. ^fhg`gkduk`fkæcgsgs pfrf cf hltljjgúk hl fktgjulrp`s...............< :.6.:. ^fhg`gkduk`fkæcgsgs pfrf cf hltljjgúk hl fktäolk`.....................< :.6.8. Xgp`s hl ^GF....................................................................................9 :.>. Iukhfdlkt`....................................................... Iukhfdlkt`.................................................................................... .....................................? ........? :.:. ^lfjtgv`s.............................................. ^lfjtgv`s........................................................................... ............................................. ......................2 ......2 :.8. Ur`t`j`c`......................................... Ur`t`j`c`...................................................................... .................................................... ...........................7 ....7 :.. GKX^@H\JJGÚK Cf tçjkgjf hl rfhg`gkduk`fkæcgsgs iul hlsfrr`ccfhf p`r Z`c`d`k Nlrs`k y ^`sfcyk Wfc`w lk 6795 pfrf hltlrdgkfr cfs j`kjlktrfjg`kls hl j`dpcla`s hl gksucgkf y fktggksucgkf lk hgf hgfnçt nçtgj` gj`ss fhl fhldæs dæs hl dlh dlhgr gr b`rd b`rd`kf `kfs, s, pr`t pr`tläk läkfs fs sçrgjfs sçrgjfs,, iærdfj` iærdfj`ss y vgtfdg vgtfdgkfs kfs f j`kjlkt j`kj lktrfj rfjg`k g`kls ls hl 5.55 5.5556 56 dgjr`or dgjr`orfd` fd`ss p`r dgcgc dgcgcgt gtr` r` ` dlk`s dlk`s (Mg (Mgkht kht A., O`chsc O`chscyy ^. & @sn`rkl N., >55?). Lc `rgolk hl cf gkvlstgofjgúk iul j`dpr`nfr sg cf jfusf hl cf hgfnltls lrf cf i`rdfjgúk hl ukf lkzgdf qul hlstruäf cf gksucgkf jgrjucfktl. C`s hgfnçtgj`s sl gkyljtfnfk gksucgkf fkgdfc qul olklrfnf fktgjulrp`s qul fjfnfnfk p`r gkfjtgvfrcf. C`s kgvlcls hltljtfh`s lk c`s hgfnçtgj`s p`r ^GF lrfk dæs fct`s qul lk c`s sualt`s sfk`s, c` qul  p`stlrg`rdlktl plrdgtgú lktlkhlr cf igsg`pft`c`oäf hl cf hgfnltls tgp` h`s y lc kfjgdglkt`, dæs tfrhl, hlc j`kjlpt` hl rlsgstlkjgf f cf gksucgkf (Frhgcf, >569). Lstl tgp` hl tçjkgjf iul gktr`hujghf næsgjfdlktl j`d` ukf tçjkgjf hgrljtf pfrf cf hltljjgúk pfrtgjucfrdlktl hl b`rd`kfs, b`rd`kf s, yf qul, su lspljgigjg lspljgigjghfh hfh y slksgngcghfh slksgngcghfh plrdgt plrdgtll jufktgigjfr jufktgigjfr lst`s j`dpulst`s lk j`kjlktrfjg`k j`kjlkt rfjg`kls ls duy nfafs= j`k lstl hlsfrr`cc hlsfrr`cc`` cf lkh`jrgk`c lkh`jrgk`c`oäf `oäf ofkú ukf p`hlr`sf frdf hl hgfokústgj` (Ouzdæk & Nlrkfk, 6777). Lc rfhg`gkduk`fkæc rfhg`gkduk`fkæcgsgs gsgs (^GF) ls uk tgp` hl gkduk gkduk`lksfy` `lksfy` qul sl nfsf lk cf i`rdfjgúk lspljäigjf hl c`s j`dpcla`s fktäolk`-fktgjulrp` hl orfk lspljgigjghfh fhldæs sl lkjulktrf ukghf f cf orfk slksgngcghfh hl dçt`h`s rfhg`cúogj`s (Frhgcf, >569). Lk lstf sl pulhlk rlfcgzfr h`s sgtufjg`kls p`r j`dpltgjgúk ` p`r lxjls` hl fktgjulrp`s= lk cf prgdlrf lc fktäolk` j`dpltgræ j`k lc fktäolk` dfrjfh` (rfhg`dfrjfh`) pfrf ukgrsl j`k lc fktgjulrp` qul sl lkj`ktrfræ lk plqulöf jfktghfh, lk lc sloukh` jfs` j`k lxjls` hl fktgjulrp`s lc qul sl dfrjfræ rfhgfjtgvfdlktl slræ lc fktgjulrp`, y sl ukgræ fc fktgjulrp` p`r dlhgr lk iukjgúk cf j`kjlktrfjgúk hl lstl (^`dlr`, >55?). Zl utgcgzf rfhg`gsút`p`s j`d` dfrjfh`rls c` qul cl j`kiglrl slr lxtrldfhfdlktl slksgncl, p`r `trf pfrtl, c`s sgstldfs hl hltljjgúk hl gs`t`p`s rlsuctfk jfr`s sudfh` f lst` c`s rglso`s hl cf rfhg`fjtgvghfh y cf kljlsghfh hl lcgdgkfr lc dftlrgfc rlfjtgv` j`k dæxgdf slourghfh, bfjlk qul lstl tgp` hl prulnf sl rlfcgjl jufkh` rlquglrfk lksfy`s fctfdlktl slksgncls (Xgzfrh, >557).

 

:. DF^J@ XLÚ^GJ@ :.6. Olklrfcghfhls Lc æt`d` sl lkjulktrf i`rdfh` p`r trls lstrujturfs lcldlkt`s lc pr`túk, lc klutrúk y lc lcljtrúk. C`s pr`t`kls y lcljtr`kls hlc æt`d` sl lkjulktrfk aukt`s lk lc kñjcl` p`r c` qul sl cls j`k`jl j`d` kujcl`kls dglktrfs qul c`s lcljtr`kls sl lkjulktrfk lk cf plrgilrgf y sl dulvlk lk su fcrlhlh`r. Fc kñdlr` hl pr`t`kls sl cl j`k`jl j`d` kñdlr` ftúdgj` rlprlslktfh` j`k cf cltrf Q y cf dfsf ftúdgjf sl prlslktf j`k cf cltrf D. C`s gs`t`p`s s`k fqulcc`s æt`d`s qul tglklk lc dgsd` kñdlr` ftúdgj` (Q), plr` hgilrlktl dfsf ftúdgjf (D). C`s gs`t`p`s rfhgfjtgv`s ` tfdngçk hlk`dgkfh`s rfhg`gsút`p`s s`k æt`d`s hl uk lcldlkt` lk lc jufc sl lkjulktrfk uk kñdlr` dfy`r hl klutr`kls qul lk lc lcldlkt` `rgogkfc, prlslktf lc dgsd` kñdlr` hl lcljtr`kls lk su jfpf lxtlrkf, y lc dgsd` kñdlr` hl  pr`t`kls lk lc kñjcl`. Zu hurfjgúk pulhl slr hl ukf irfjjgúk hl sloukh` bfstf dgcls hl dgcc`kls hl fö`s. (Cúplz & Gturnl, >558) Cf rfhgfjtgvghfh ls uk ilkúdlk` iäsgj` qul sl jfrfjtlrgzf p`r cf hlsgktlorfjgúk, ls hljgr hlj gr,, cf rl` rl`ro rofkg fkgzf zfjg jgúk úk hl c` c`ss kñj kñjcl cl`s `s ft ftúd údgj gj`s `s gk gkls lstf tfnc ncls. ls. Ls Lstf tf hl hlsg sgkt ktlo lorf rfjg jgúk úk sl fj`dpföf hl cf ldgsgúk hl rfhgfjgúk g`kgzfktl, lk cf kfturfclzf lxgstlk :2 ldgtl ukf pfrtäjucf fcif, sl trfksi`rdf lk t`rg`->:8. Cf rfhgfjgúk fcif pulhl rlj`rrlr ukf hgstfkjgf hl fplkfs uk`s jufkt`s jlktädltr`s lk lc fgrl y pulhl slr hltlkghf p`r ukf sgdpcl b`af hl pfplc (Cúplz & Gturnl, >558).  n) ^fhgfjgúk nltf (ξ)1 Cf pfrtäjucf ldgtghf ls uk lcljtrúk. Cf rfhgfjgúk nltf pulhl rlj`rrlr ukf hgstfkjgf hl uk`s jufkt`s dltr`s lk lc fgrl, y pulhl slr hltlkghf j`k ukf  pcfjf hl vghrg` ` hl dfhlrf. (Cúplz & Gturnl, Gturnl , >558) j) ^f ^fhg hgfj fjgú gúk k lklroäf of ofdd ddff hl (κ (κ)1 )1ukLskñjcl` uk tg tgp` p` hl rfh rfhgf gfjg jgúk úk lc lclj ljtr tr`d `dfo fokçt kçtgj gjff qullktrfksp` trfk lc lxjls` hl gklstfncl, rlj`rrl jglkt`s hl dltr`s lc sp`rt fgrlrtfyf sl rlquglrl hl lspls`rls gdp`rtfktls hl pc`d` ` jldlkt` pfrf hltlklrcf (Cúplz & Gturnl, >558).

Igo. 6.- C`s trls tgp`s hl rfhgfjg`kls. Iulktl1 (Cúplz & Gturnl, >558).

 

:.6.6. Dlhghfs hl slourghfh Cfs k`rdfs hl pr`tljjgúk j`ktrf cf grrfhgfjgúk lxtlrkf gkjcuylk1 cgdgtfjgúk hlc tgldp` hl lxp`sgjgúk, fpfktfccfdglkt` ` utgcgzfjgúk hl ncgkhfals, hgstfkjgf f cf iulktl rfhgfjtgvf, pr`tljjgúk hl cfs lstrujturfs, gkstfcfjg`kls y z`kfs hl trfnfa`, pr`tljjgúk hlc  plrs`kfc y pr`jlhgdglkt`s hl trfnfa`, olstgúk hl rlsghu`s y pcfk hl ldlrolkjgf. (@rofkgzfjgúk Dukhgfc hl cf Zfcuh, >55. ^fhg`gkduk`fkæcgsgs pfrf cf hltljjgúk hl fktgjulrp`s Cf prulnf ^fhg` Fcclro` Z`rnlkt Xlst (^FZX) dghl cf gkduk`oc`nucgkf L (Go L) lspljäigjf lk lc sulr` hl c`s fkgdfcls fcçrogj`s. Ufrf lstf tçjkgjf sl utgcgzf1 hgsj`s hl jlcuc`sf, s`cujgúk hl fktgoc`nucgkf. (Xgzfrh, >557). Ur`jlhgdglkt`1 

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C`s hgsj`s hl jlcuc`sf gdprlokfh`s hl fktäolk` qul sl sudlrolk lk lc sulr` f fkfcgzfr, p`r c` qul jufcquglr fktgjulrp` lspljäigj` sl ukl fc fktäolk`. Zl pr`jlhl f cfvfr pfrf lcgdgkfr c`s fktgjulrp`s sgk ukgr. Lc hgsj`rfhg`fjtgv`. sl sudlrol lk ukf s`cujgúk qul j`ktglkl fktgoc`nucgkf dfrjfhf j`k uk gs`t`p` Cf fktgoc`nucgkf sl ukl fc hgsj` s`c` sg cf Go. L sl bf ukgh` fc fktäolk`.

Cf jfktghfh hl rfhg`fjtgvghfh qul ldgtl lc hgsj` ls ukf dlhghf hlc kgvlc hl fjtgvghfh hlc fktgjulrp` Go. L lspljäigj` lk lc sulr` (Xgzfrh, >557).

:.6.:. ^fhg`gkduk`fkæcgsgs pfrf cf hltljjgúk hl fktäolk` Lc gkduk`fkæcgsgs sl nfsf lk qul lc fktäolk` k` dfrjfh` hlspcfzf fc fktäolk` dfrjfh`, p`r c` qul lstfs prulnfs s`k lxtrldfhfdlktl slksgncls utgcgzfhfs pfrf hltlrdgkfr  jfktghfhls trfzf hl iærdfj`s. Ufrf lcc` lc fktäolk` sl dfrjf j`k uk gs`t`p` rfhg`fjtgv` j`d` lc trgcg` (B:), jfrn`k` 68 y y`h` 6>557).

 

Igo. >.- ^fhg`gkduk`fkæcgsgs pfrf cf hltljjgúk hl fktäolk`. Iulktl1 (Xgzfrh, >557). :.6.8. Xgp`s hl ^GF Lxgstlk trls tgp`s hl rfhg`gkduk`fkæcgsgs c`s jufcls s`k1 ^GF Hgrljt`, ^GF Gkhgrljt` y ^GF Zækhwgjb.  ^GF Hgrljt` Hgrljt`11 lstf prulnf sl nfsf lk cf j`dpltlkjgf qul lxgstl lktrl lc fktgjulrp` (Fj), lc fktäolk` (Fo) y cf jfktghfh j`k`jghf hl fktäolk` dfrjfh` (Fo*) pfrf i`rdfr lc j`dpcla` fktäolk`-fktgjulrp` (Fo-Fj) ` fktäolk` dfrjfh`-fktgjulrp` (Fo*-Fj). Zl pulhl rlfcgzfr lc lksfy` dfktlkglkh` j`kstfktl cf jfktghfh hl Fo* y Fj sl `nslrvfræ qul f dfy`r  jfkt jfktgghfh hfh hl Fo dl dlk` k`ss Fo Fo** qu qulh lhff uk ukggh` f cf jf jfkt ktgghf hfhh ig igaaf hl Fj (y p` p`rr tfk fkt` t` dlk`s rfhgfjtgvghfh rfhgfjtgvghfh), ), c` qul plrdgtgræ rlcfjg`kfr cf rfhgfjtgvghfh j`k cf j`kjlktrfjgúk hl Fo (Ofrjäf-Zlourf A., lt fc., >55>).  ^GF hl sækhwgjb - ^GF gkhgrljt` gkhgrljt`11 sl utgcgzf pfrf hltlrdgkfr cf prlslkjgf hl uk fktäolk` dgjr`ngfk`. Lc fktäolk` dgjr`ngfk` sl ukl f ukf pcfjf (suplrigjgl). 

Igo. :.- \kgúk hlc fktäolk` dgjr`ngfk` f cf suplrigjgl. Iulktl1 (^`ncls & Zuærlz, >565655?). U`r c` olklrfc lc fktäolk` sl dfrjf j`k uk gsút gsút`p` `p` ldgs`r ldgs`r hl pfr pfrtäj täjucf ucfss ofddf ofddf j`d` 6>55:). C`s dçt`h`s qul gkjcu gkjcuylk ylk sustfk sustfkjgfs jgfs dfrjfhfs pulhlk utgcgz utgcgzfr fr dfrjfh`rls dfrjfh`rls fpr`pgfh`s fpr`pgfh`s j`d`` lkz j`d lkzgdf gdfs, s, icu icu`rúi `rúi`r`s `r`s,, cudgkú cudgkúi`r` i`r`ss y rfhg`gs rfhg`gsút` út`p`s. p`s. Jufkh` Jufkh` lc dfrjfh` dfrjfh`rr ls uk rfhg rfhg`g `gsú sút` t`p` p`,, lc dç dçt` t`h` h` sl hlk` hlk`dg dgkf kf rf rfhg hg`g `gkd kduk uk`l `lks ksfy fy`` ` lk lksf sfy` y` hl uk ukgú gúkk hl rfhg`cgofkh` (Fkdft, >55:). Lc rfhg`kñjcgh` usfh` j`k dfy`r irljulkjgf pfrf dfrjfr lc fktäolk` ls lc 6>56. Zl slpf slpfrf rf cf irf irfjjgúk jjgúk hl ffktäol ktäolk` k` dfrjf dfrjfh` h` j`k lc fktgjulrp` fktgjulrp` (Fo*-Fj), (Fo*-Fj), hlc hlc fktäolk` fktäolk` dfrjf df rjfh` h` cg cgnrl nrl,, pf pfrf rf lc lcc` c` sl ut utgc gcgz gzff lt ltfk` fk`cc dæs dæs su suci cift ft`` fdúk fdúkgj gj`` qul pr`v` pr`v`jf jf s`cungcghf s`cun gcghfhh hl cfs pr`tläkfs pr`tläkfs pr`v`jfkh` pr`v`jfkh` prljgpgtfjg prljgpgtfjgúk. úk. Jlktrg Jlktrgiuofr iuofr cf dulstrf lk lc jufc c`s j`dpcla`s cgofh`s t`dfk lc k`dnrl hl slhgdlkt` y cf irfjjgúk cgnrl hlk`dgkfhf s`nrlkfhfktl.

 

Igo. ?.- Dæqugkf hl jlktrgiuofjgúk. Iulktl1 Lkjgjc`plhgf (>567) :. Zl pr`jl pr`jlhl hl f cll cllrr cf rfhgf rfhgfjtgvg jtgvghfh hfh hlc j` j`dpcla dpcla`` fktäo fktäolk` lk` dfrjfh` dfrjfh` j`k lc fktgjulrp` fktgjulrp` 6><

(Fo*-Fj) (Fo*-F j):B. utgcgzfkh utgcgzfkh`` j`ktfh`r ofddf sg lc gsút`p` ls j`ktfh`r

G ` lc j`ktfh`r nltf sg ls lc

Igo. 2.- J`ktfh`r hl jlktlcc`. Iulktl1 8. Zl rlfc rlfcgz gzff cf jurv jurvff pf pftr trúk úk utgcg utgcgzf zfkh` kh` cf dg dgsd sdff tç tçjkg jkgjf jf f uk ukff slrgl slrgl hl tu tun` n`ss qu qull j`ktglklk jfktghfhls j`k`jghfs hl Fo k` dfrjfh` (Fo), fktäolk` dfrjfh` (Fo*) y lc fktgjulrp`.

 

Igo. 7.- Ur`jls` lc rfhg`gkduk`fkæcgsgs j`k cf jurvf pftrúk. Iulktl1 (^`ncls & Zuærlz, >565655?)

8. J`kjcusg`kls  

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Cf rfhgfjtgvghfh bf sgh` tldghf hlshl c`s lvlkt`s hl cf n`dnf ftúdgjf, c` qul  p`j`s sfnlk ls qul lk jfktghfhls plqulöfs y plriljtfdlktl j`ktr`cfhfs ls ukf blrrfdglktf ñtgc lk lc hgfokústgj` y trftfdglkt` hl lkilrdlhfhls. Lc ^GF ls ukf tçjkgjf hl fkæcgsgs h`khl ukf jfktghfh däkgdf hl sustfkjgf dfrjfhf rfhg`fjtgvfdlktl vf f j`dpltgr j`k `trf sustfkjgf k` dfrjfhf pfrf `jupfr lc sgtg` hl ukgúk lspljäigjf. Dlhgfktl Dlhgf ktl lc ^GF ls p`sgncl jufk jufktgigj tgigjfr fr sustfkjg sustfkjgfs fs prlslktls lk lc `rofkgsd` lk j`kjlktrfjg`kls sudfdlktl plqulöfs (65--7 -65--6> D)= lktrl cfs sustfkjgfs qul sl  pulhlk dlhgr lkj`ktrfd`s1 b`rd`kfs, lkzgdfs, lstlr`ghls, pçptgh`s, vgtfdgkfs, dlhgjfdlkt`s y hr`ofs. Cf dlhgjgúk sl c`orf fuk jufkh` sl lkjulktrlk prlslktls `trfs sustfkjgfs jfsg ghçktgjfs, sgk qulslksgncl çstfs gktlriglrfk lk cf dlhgjgúk, p`r lcc`, ls j`ksghlrfhf ukf  prulnf fctfdlktl y lspljäigjf. Cf Cfss hlsv hlsvlk lktf tfaf afss hl hlcc ^G ^GF F ls lstæ tækk rl rlcf cfjg jg`k `kfh fhfs fs lk su dfy` dfy`rä räff j` j`kk lc us us`` hl rfhg`gsút`p`s, p`r laldpc`1 lc j`st` ls dfy`r, cf tçjkgjf hlnl rlfcgzfrsl lk uk cfn`rft cfn `rft`rg `rg`` kuj kujclf clfrr h`khl h`khl lxg lxgstf stf cf gkstrud gkstrudlkt lktfjg fjgúk úk kljlsfr kljlsfrgf, gf, c`s lspljg lspljgfcg fcgstf stfss jfcgigjfh`s y, fhldæs, sl fjrlhgtl cf j`khgjgúk hl gkstfcfjgúk rfhgfjtgvf j`d` gdplrftgv` clofc gdprlsjgkhgncl pfrf cf utgcgzfjgúk hl gsút`p`s rfhgfjtgv`s.

 

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