RAC - Cheatsheet
March 16, 2017 | Author: Bhavesh Thakkar | Category: N/A
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5/13/2016
RAC Cheatsheet
RAC Cheatsheet This is a quick and dirty cheatsheet on Oracle RAC 10g, as my experience with RAC grows I will update this section, below is a beginners guide on the commands and information that you will require to administer Oracle RAC. Acronyms Acronyms GCS
Global Cache Services
in memory database containing current locks and awaiting locks, also known as PCM
GES
Global Enqueue Services
coordinates the requests of all global enqueues uses the GCS, also known as non‐PCM
GRD
Global Resource Directory
all resources available to the cluster (formed and managed by GCS and GES), see GRD for more details
GRM
Global Resource Manager
helps to coordinate and communicate the locks requests between Oracle processes
GSD
Global Services Daemon
runs on each node with one GSD process per node. The GSD coordinates with the cluster manager to receive requests from clients such as the DBCA, EM, and the SRVCTL utility to execute administrative job tasks such as instance startup or shutdown. The GSD is not an Oracle instance background process and is therefore not started with the Oracle instance
PCM (IDLM)
Parallel Cache Management
formly know as (integrated) Distributed Lock Manager, its another name for GCS
Resource
n/a
it is a identifiable entity it basically has a name or a reference, it can be a area in memory, a disk file or an abstract entity a resource that can be accessed by all the nodes within the cluster examples would be the following
Resource (Global)
n/a
LVB
Lock Value Block
contains a small amount of data regarding the lock
TRFC
Traffic Controller
controls the DLM traffic between instances (messaging tickets)
Data Buffer Cache Block Transaction Enqueue Database Data Structures
Files and Directories Files and Directories $ORA_CRS_HOME/cdata/
OCR backups (default location)
$ORA_HOME/log//client/ocrconfig_.log
OCR command log file
$ORA_CRS_HOME/crs/log
contains trace files for the CRS resources
$ORA_CRS_HOME/crs/init
contains trace files for the CRS daemon during startup, a good place to start
$ORA_CRS_HOME/css/log
contains cluster reconfigurations, missed check‐ins, connects and disconnects from the client CSS listener. Look here to obtain when reboots occur
$ORA_CRS_HOME/css/init
contains core dumps from the cluster synchronization service daemon (OCSd)
$ORA_CRS_HOME/evm/log
logfiles for the event volume manager and eventlogger daemon
$ORA_CRS_HOME/evm/init
pid and lock files for EVM
$ORA_CRS_HOME/srvm/log
logfiles for Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR)
$ORA_CRS_HOME/log
log fles for Oracle clusterware which contains diagnostic messages at the Oracle cluster level
Useful Views/Tables GCS and Cache Fusion Diagnostics v$cache
contains information about every cached block in the buffer cache
v$cache_transfer
contains information from the block headers in SGA that have been pinged at least once
v$instance_cache_transfer
contains information about the transfer of cache blocks through the interconnect
v$cr_block_server
contains statistics about CR block transfer across the instances
v$current_block_server
contains statistics about current block transfer across the instances
v$gc_element
contains one‐to‐one information for each global cache resource used by the buffer cache
v$lock
contains information about locks held within a database and outstanding requests for locks and latches
v$ges_blocking_enqueue
contains information about locks that are being blocked or blocking others and locks that are known to the lock manager
v$enqueue_statistics
contains details about enqueue statistics in the instance
v$resource_limits
display enqueue statistics
v$locked_object
contains information about DML locks acquired by different transactions in databases with their mode held
v$ges_statistics
contains miscellaneous statistics for GES
v$ges_enqueue
contains information about all locks known to the lock manager
v$ges_convert_local
contains information about all local GES operations
v$ges_convert_remote
contains information about all remote GES operations
v$ges_resource
contains information about all resources known to the lock manager
v$ges_misc
contains information about messaging traffic information
v$ges_traffic_controller
contains information about the message ticket usage
GES diagnostics
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RAC Cheatsheet Dynamic Resource Remastering
v$hvmaster_info
contains information about current and previous master instances of GES resources in relation to hash value ID of resource
v$gcshvmaster_info
the same as above but globally
v$gcspfmaster_info
conatins information about current and previous masters about GCS resources belonging to files mapped to a particular master, including the number of times the resource has remastered
v$cluster_interconnects
contains information about interconnects that are being used for cluster communication
v$configured_interconnects
same as above but also contains interconnects that AC is aware off that are not being used
v$service
services running on an instance
x$kjmsdp
display LMS daemon statistics
x$kjmddp
display LMD daemon statistics
Cluster Interconnect
Miscellanous
Useful Parameters Parameters cluster_interconnects
specify a specific IP address to use for the inetrconnect
_gcs_fast_config
enables fast reconfiguration for gcs locks (true|false)
_lm_master_weight
controls which instance will hold or (re)master more resources than others
_gcs_resources
controls the number of resources an instance will master at a time
_lm_tickets
controls the number of message tickets
_lm_ticket_active_sendback
controls the number of message tickets (aggressive messaging)
_db_block_max_cr_dba
limits the number of CR copies per DBA on the buffer cache (see grd)
_fairness_threshold
used when too many CR requested arrive for a particular buffer and the block becomes disowned (see grd)
_gc_affinity_time
specifies interval minutes for reamstering
_gc_affinity_limit
defines the number of times a instance access the resource before remastering
_gc_affinity_minimum
defines the minimum number of times a instance access the resource before remastering
_lm_file_affinity
disables dynamic remastering for the objects belonging to those files
_lm_dynamic_remastering
enable or disable remastering
_gc_defer_time
define the time by which an instance deferred downgrading a lock (see Cache Fusion)
_lgwr_async_broadcast
change the SCN boardcast method (see troubleshooting)
Processes
Oracle RAC Daemons and Processes OPROCd
Process Monitor
provides basic cluster integrity services
EVMd
Event Management
spawns a child process event logger and generates callouts
OCSSd
Cluster Synchronization Services
basic node membership, group services, basic locking
CRSd
Cluster Ready Services
resource monitoring, failover and node recovery
Lock Manager Server process ‐ GCS
this is the cache fusion part, it handles the consistent copies of blocks that are tranferred between instances. It receives requests from LMD to perform lock requests. I rools back any uncommitted transactions. There can be upto ten LMS processes running and can be started dynamically if demand requires it.
LMSn
they manage lock manager service requests for GCS resources and send them to a service queue to be handled by the LMSn process. It also handles global deadlock detection and monitors for lock conversion timeouts.
this process manages the GES, it maintains consistency of GCS memory in case of process death. It is also responsible for cluster reconfiguration and locks reconfiguration (node
http://www.datadisk.co.uk/html_docs/rac/rac_cs.htm
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5/13/2016 LMON
RAC Cheatsheet Lock Monitor Process ‐ GES
joining or leaving), it checks for instance deaths and listens for local messaging. A detailed log file is created that tracks any reconfigurations that have happened.
LMD
Lock Manager Daemon ‐ GES
this manages the enqueue manager service requests for the GCS. It also handles deadlock detention and remote resource requests from other instances.
LCK0
Lock Process ‐ GES
manages instance resource requests and cross‐instance call operations for shared resources. It builds a list of invalid lock elements and validates lock elements during recovery.
DIAG
Diagnostic Daemon
This is a lightweight process, it uses the DIAG framework to monitor the healt of the cluster. It captures information for later diagnosis in the event of failures. It will perform any neccessary recovery if an operational hang is detected.
General Administration Managing the Cluster starting
/etc/init.d/init.crs start crsctl start crs
stopping
/etc/init.d/init.crs stop crsctl stop crs
enable/disable at boot time
/etc/init.d/init.crs enable /etc/init.d/init.crs disable crsctl enable crs crsctl disable crs
Managing the database configuration with SRVCTL srvctl start database d o
start all instances
Note: starts listeners if not already running, you can use the o option to specify startup/shutdown options force open mount nomount srvctl stop database d o
stop all instances
Note: the listeners are not stopped, you can use the o option to specify startup/shutdown options immediate abort normal transactional
start/stop particular instance
srvctl [start|stop] database d i ,
display the registered databases
srvctl config database
status
srvctl status database d srvctl status instance d i , srvctl status service d srvctl status nodeapps n srvctl status asm n
stopping/starting
srvctl stop database d srvctl stop instance d i , srvctl stop service d s , i , srvctl stop nodeapps n srvctl stop asm n srvctl start database d srvctl start instance d i , srvctl start service d s , i , srvctl start nodeapps n srvctl start asm n
adding/removing
srvctl add database d o srvctl add instance d i n srvctl add service d s r srvctl add nodeapps n o A /network srvctl add asm n i o srvctl remove database d o srvctl remove instance d i n srvctl remove service d s r srvctl remove nodeapps n o A /network srvctl asm remove n
OCR utilities log file
$ORA_HOME/log//client/ocrconfig_.log ocrcheck
checking
Note: will return the OCR version, total space allocated, space used, free space, location of each device and the result of the integrity check ocrdump backupfile
http://www.datadisk.co.uk/html_docs/rac/rac_cs.htm
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RAC Cheatsheet
dump contents Note: by default it dumps the contents into a file named OCRDUMP in the current directory
export/import
ocrconfig export ocrconfig restore # show backups ocrconfig showbackup # to change the location of the backup, you can even specify a ASM disk ocrconfig backuploc
backup/restore
# perform a backup, will use the location specified by the backuploc location ocrconfig manualbackup # perform a restore ocrconfig restore # delete a backup orcconfig delete Note: there are many more option so see the ocrconfig man page ## add/relocate the ocrmirror file to the specified location ocrconfig replace ocrmirror '/ocfs2/ocr2.dbf'
add/remove/replace
## relocate an existing OCR file ocrconfig replace ocr '/ocfs1/ocr_new.dbf' ## remove the OCR or OCRMirror file ocrconfig replace ocr ocrconfig replace ocrmirror
CRS Administration CRS Administration
starting
## Starting CRS using Oracle 10g R1 not possible ## Starting CRS using Oracle 10g R2 $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl start crs
stopping
## Stopping CRS using Oracle 10g R1 srvctl stop database d srvctl stop asm n srvctl stop nodeapps n /etc/init.d/init.crs stop ## Stopping CRS using Oracle 10g R2 $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl stop crs ## use to stop CRS restarting after a reboot
disabling/enabling
## Oracle 10g R1 /etc/init.d/init.crs [disable|enable] ## Oracle 10g R2 $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl [disable|enable] crs
checking
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl check crs $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl check evmd $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl check cssd $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl check crsd $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl check install wait 600
status
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_stat
create profile
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_profile
register/unregister application
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_register $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_unregister
Start/Stop an application
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_start $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_stop
Resource permissions
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_getparam $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_setparam
Relocate a resource
$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_relocate
member number/name
olsnodes n
local node name
olsnodes l
activates logging
olsnodes g
display
oifcfg getif
delete
oicfg delig global
set
oicfg setif global /:public oicfg setif global /:cluster_interconnect
starting
gsdctl start
Resource Applications (CRS Utilities)
Nodes
Oracle Interfaces
Global Services Daemon Control
http://www.datadisk.co.uk/html_docs/rac/rac_cs.htm
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RAC Cheatsheet
stopping
gsdctl stop
status
gsdctl status
create a new configuration
clscfg install
Cluster Configuration (clscfg is used during installation) upgrade or downgrade and existing clscfg upgrade configuration clscfg downgrade add or delete a node from the configuration
clscfg add clscfg delete
create a special single‐node configuration for ASM
clscfg local
brief listing of terminology used in the other nodes
clscfg concepts
used for tracing
clscfg trace
help
clscfg h
Cluster Name Check print cluster name
cemulto n Note: in Oracle 9i the ulity was called "cemutls"
print the clusterware version
cemulto w Note: in Oracle 9i the ulity was called "cemutls"
Node Scripts Add Node
addnode.sh Note: see adding and deleting nodes
Delete Node
deletenode.sh Note: see adding and deleting nodes
Enqueues
displaying statistics
SQL> column current_utilization heading current SQL> column max_utilization heading max_usage SQL> column initial_allocation heading initial SQL> column resource_limit format a23; SQL> select * from v$resource_limit;
Messaging (tickets) ticket usage
select local_nid local, remote_nid remote, tckt_avail avail, tckt_limit limit, snd_q_len send_queue, tckt_wait waiting from v$ges_traffic_controller;
dump ticket information
SQL> oradebug setmypid SQL> oradebug unlimit SQL> oradebug lkdebug t
Lighwork Rule and Fairness Threshold select cr_requests, light_works, data_requests, fairness_down_converts from v$cr_block_server;
downconvert
Note: lower the _fairness_threshold if the ratio goes above 40%, set to 0 if the instance is a query only instance.
Remastering ## Obtain the OBJECT_ID form the below table SQL> select * from v$gcspfmaster_info;
force dynamic remastering (DRM)
## Determine who masters it SQL> oradebug setmypid SQL> oradebug lkdebug a ## Now remaster the resource SQL> oradebug setmypid SQL> oradebug lkdebug m pkey
GRD, SRVCTL, GSD and SRVCONFIG Tracing Enable tracing
$ export SRVM_TRACE=true
Disable tracing
$ export SRVM_TRACE=""
Voting Disk adding
crsctl add css votedisk
deleting
crsctl delete css votedisk
querying
crsctl query css votedisk
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