R-Los Proyectos y Su Contexto Organizativo
July 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_
GCOU@EKWC9 BC_ Q]C\EOWC_ \ _U OCKWEZWC C]HFKLYFWL^C. 6.6 6.= 6.= 6.? 6.7
Bf crhf crhfklzf klzfolÿ olÿk k Q@L. Q@L. Bf Hu Huàf àf Q@M Q@MCD. CD. Wer`lkcbchàf Wer`lkcbchàf Oc`ùk Oc`ùk ek Glreoolÿ Glreoolÿk k ge Qrcyeotcs. Qrcyeotcs. Ockslgerfol Ockslgerfolckes ckes pfrf pfrf eb Exf`ek Exf`ek Q@L/OFQ@. Q@L/OFQ@.
6.5 6.5 Qreh Qrehuk uktf tfs. s. 6.> 6.> ]esp ]espue uest stfs fs..
Uk prcyeotc kc es scbc uk ockiuktc ge tfrefs rebfolckfgfs. Es ukf fslhkfolÿk que geme ter`lkfr slk exoeger uk pbfzc y uk presupuestc, ou`pblekgc ukcs orlterlcs ge ofblgfg. Ek bfs crhfklzfolckes se glskhuek prlkolpfb`ekte gcs pcs ge fovlgfges9 f ovlgfges9
Cperfolckes9 Bfs oufbes ockslstek mæslof`ekte ek fovlgfges repevfs, bf prcguoolÿk, bf fg`lklstrfolÿk ge bcs reourscs pfrf ‒`fkteker bfs buoes ekoekglgfs‐. Bf Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotcs9 bf oufb jfoe pcslmbe bcs of`mlcs ek bfs crhfklzfolckes. Ukf crhfklzfolÿk keoesltfr hesckfr prcyeotcs oufkgc keoesltf9 Orefr kuevcs prcguotcs y servlolcs. c Eieoutfr bfs prcpuestfs geb pbfk estrftìhloc. c c c c
Expfkglrse f kuevfs rehlckes, f kuevcs seotcres. Bfkzfr kuevfs bàkefs ge kehcolc. L`pbfktfr of`mlcs teokcbÿhlocs.
Wcgc estc kc se hesckf fhrupfkgc tfrefs, slkc f trfvìs ge uk ouerpc ge ockcol`lektcs que mæslof`ekte per`ltek ‒prcyeotfr‐ eb nuturc, pfrf gespuìs ocksehulr bcs cmievcs ge uk ouerpc ge ockcol`lektcs que mæslof`ekte per`ltek ‒prcyeotfr‐ eb nuturc, pfrf gespuìs ocksehulr bcs cmievcs ge e`pc, ocste, fbofkoe f bofkoe y ofblgfg. Glreotcr ge Qrcyeotcs ‟ Qrcieot @fkfher9 Fbhulek @fkfher9 Fbhulek ekofrhfgc kc ge jfoer bfs ocsfs, slkc ge jfoer que bfs ocsfs se jfhfk. Geme gc`lkfr `uojfs tìoklofs ge hesÿk, perc scmre tcgc jf ge ser9
Muek kehcolfgcr. Muek oc`uklofgcr. Muek bàger.
fslhkfolÿk te`pcrfb pfrf orefr uk prcguotc prcguotc,, servl servlolc olc c resubtfgc resubtfgc ùkloc‐. ùkloc‐. Es geolr, uk prcyeotc es fbhc que Uk prcyeotc es ‒ukf fslhkfolÿk kukof se jf jeojc fktes lhufb, se refblzf ock uk equlpc ge persckfs que bf `fycràf ge bfs veoes trfmfifk iuktfs pcr prl`erf vez, y que suebe teker ukfs restrloolckes nuertes ge fbofkoe, e`pc, ocste, ofblgfg, eto.
Fge`æs, ek uk prcyeotc jfy `uojc ek iuehc. Jfy `uojc lkteresfgc, hekte que hfkf c plerge ock eb prcyeotc. Jfy `uojfs pcslmlblgfges ge que uk prcyeotc sef uk ìxltc. Qerc tf`mlìk ge que sef uk rctukgc nrfofsc, que bbehue f l`pfotfr bf l`fhek ge bf e`presf, c lkobusc f fneotfr eb vfbcr ge bf foolÿk.
6.6 BF C]HF C]HFKLY KLYFOLß FOLßK K Q@L. Q@L. Eb Qrcieot @fkfhe`ekt Lkstute es bf fscolfolÿk prcneslckfb, slk ækl`c ge buorc, pfrf bf hesÿk ge prcyeotcs `æs hrfkge geb `ukgc. _u cmievc prlkolpfb es fvfkzfr ek bf præoof, olekolf y prcneslckfblgfg ge bf hesÿk ge prcyeotcs ek eb `ukgc, ge ncr`f ocksolekte ockso lekte y prcfovf. Wleke oc`c `lslÿk9 Jfoer que bf glreoolÿk ge prcyeotcs sef lkglspeksfmbe pfrf fbofkzfr bcs resubtfgcs e`presfrlfbes.
Wltubfolckes9
Q æ h l k f 6 | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_
Q@Q9 Qrcieot @fkfhe`ekt Qrcesslckfb. OFQ@9 Oereg Fsscolfte lk Qrcieot @fkfhe`ekt. Q@L-FOQ9 Q@L Fhlbe Oereg Qrfocker. Q@L-]Q@9 ]lsd @fkfhe`ekt Qrcesslckfb. Q@L-_Q9 _ojegublkh Qrcesslckfb. Qh@Q9 Qrchrf` @fkfhe`ekt Qrcesslckfb. Qn@Q9 Qcrcblc @fkfhe`ekt Qrcesslckfb. CQ@?9 Crhfklzfckfb Qrcieot @fkfhe`ekt @fturlty Qrcesslckfb Oerofck.
6.= BF HUÀ HUÀF F GEB GEB Q@MCD Q@MCD.. Es uk blmrc ock treoe ofpàtubcs, ouftrc fkexcs y uk hbcsfrlc9
_eoolÿk L ‟ @froc Ockoeptufb ge bf Glreoolÿk ge Qrcyeotcs9 Ofpàtubc 69 Lktrcguoolÿk. c Ofpàtubc =9 Lkuekolf ge bf Crhfklzfolÿk y Olobc ge ^lgf geb Qrcyeotc. c Ofpàtubc ?9 Qrcoescs ge bf Glreoolÿk ge Qrcyeotcs. c _eoolÿk LL ‟ Ærefs ge Ockcol`lektc ge bf b f Glreoolÿk ge Qrcyeotcs9 Ofpàtubc 79 Hesÿk ge bf Lktehrfolÿk geb Qrcyeotc. c Ofpàtubc 59 Hesÿk geb Fbofkoe geb Qrcyeotc. c Ofpàtubc >9 Hesÿk geb Wle`pc geb Qrcyeotc. c Ofpàtubc 89 Hesÿk ge bcs Ocstes geb Qrcyeotc. c Ofpàtubc :9 Hesÿk ge bf Ofblgfg geb Qrcyeotc. c Ofpàtubc . Eb sehul`lektc se mfse ek eb ocktrcb geb rekgl`lektc fhrehfgc y DQL_. 8. Eb sehul`lektc se mfsf ek eb ocktrcb geb prchresc ge bcs oc`pckektes pfrf fsehurfr bcs cmievcs hbcmfbes, pbfzcs, ocstes y mekeolcs ockscblgfgcs. :. Eb sehul`lektc se mfsf ek eb ocktrcb ge bf prcguoolÿk ge prcguotcs, servlolcs c resubtfgcs. . 6>. Eb Eb rres espc pcks ksfm fmbe be ge gesf sfrr rrcb cbbf bf eb pb pbfk fk oc`p oc`pbe betc tc y oore reff p pbf bfke kess g gee ffbt btc c klv klveb eb pf pfrf rf cr crle lekt ktfr fr bc bcss pbf pbfke kess get getfb fbbf bfgc gcs. s. 68. Eb respcksfmbe oref y `fkeke bcs prcoescs y oc`uklofolÿk keoesfrlcs scmre bf pbfklofolÿk
Qrc rcye yeot otc c Qcrtfncblc Qrchrf`f Qrcyeotc Qrchrf`f Qcrtfncblc Qrchrf`f Qrcyeotc Qrchrf`f Qrchrf`f Qrcyeotc Qrcyeotc Qcrtfncblc Qrchrf`f Qrcyeotc Qr Qrch chrf rf`f `f Qcrtfncblc
Eierol olc =9 Usteg fofmf ge ser ocktrftfgc oc`c Qrchrf` @fkfher pcr ukf e`presf `ubkfolckfb geb seotcr turàsoc. Estf Eierololc e`presf estæ mfsfgf ek Espföf y eke cperfolckes ek Bfkcf`ìrlof, ]elkc Uklgc, Eurcpf Oektrfb, EEUU y Fslf. Eb gepfrtf`ektc kfkolerc jf uklofgc reolekte`ekte bcs prcoescs kfkolercs hbcmfbes (Hbcmfb Nlkfkoe Qrcoesses9 nfoturfolÿk, Ouektfs f Ocmrfr, Ouektfs f Qfhfr, Wescreràf, Blmrc @fycr y _cpcrte Nlkfkolerc). Ukf ge bfs bàkefs `æs l`pcrtfktes geb pbfk estrftìhloc =16?-=165 es oektrfblzfr y ockscblgfr bfs fovlgfges kfkolerfs ek > Oektrcs ge _ervlolcs Oc`pfrgcs (__O ‟ _jfreg _ervloes Oekters). Ukc pcr rehlÿk. Gespuìs ge fprcmfr eb ocrrespckglekte muslkess ofse, se jf estfmbeolgc uk prchrf`f gekc`lkfgc ‒HNQ-__O Wrfkslck Qrchrf`‐‐ pfrf oektrfblzfr prchreslvf`ekte Qrchrf` prchreslvf`ekte bfs cperfolckes cperfolckes kfkolerfs. kfkolerfs. Este prchrf`f prchrf`f eke lklolfb`ekte lklolfb`ekte =? oc`pckektes oc`pckektes,, ektre prcyeotcs y cperfolckes, sl mlek este kù`erc uotufræ f `eglgf que ukcs prcyeotcs ter`lkek y ctrcs oc`lekoek. Ek eb rcfg`fp estæ prevlstc f ? föcs, ek bcs prl`ercs > `eses eke eb cmievc gegeoektrfblzfr bf nfoturfolÿk bcs pfàses ekumlofgc eb __O ge Espföf, y gespuìs se qulere jfoer bf trfkslolÿk geseofgf oektrc ek nfses > `eses, e`pezfkgc pcrge eb tcgcs ge Bfkcf`ìrlof, ek ]epùmblof Gc`lklofkf. Usteg ocktfræ ock uk equlpc kùobec ge 5 persckfs que gemeræ ocktrftfr usteg `ls`c. _u equlpc gemeræ gespbfzfrse f glsktcs pfàses pfrf occrglkfr ofgf ukf ge bfs nfses geb prchrf`f y supervlsf f bcs Qrcieot @fkfhers que glrlifk bcs glnerektes prcyeotcs. Estf e`presf eke ukf nuerte oubturf ge hesÿk ge prcyeotcs, prcyeotcs, ock fbtc kù`erc ge Q@Qs ek bcs glnerekte glnerektess pfàses, jerrf`lektfs jerrf`lektfs ocrpcrfvfs, prcoescs ocrpcrfvcs, ÿrhfkcs ge hcmlerkc, eto. _lk e`mfrhc, kc estæ focstu`mrfgf f hesckfr prchrf`fs. Ge jeojc, este es eb prl`er prchrf`f que se eieoutf y usteg es eb prl`er Qrchrf` @fkfher. Ek eb oc`ltì ge glreoolÿk geb prchrf`f, que fofmf ge ockstulrse, jfy gcs fbtcs eieouvcs que sck esoìpocs scmre bf hesÿk pcr prchrf`fs, yf que pleksfk que lktr lktrcguoe cguoe `æs ocstes hekerfbes y kc vek vfbcr föfglgc scmre bf hesÿk ge prcyeotcs. 6.
Ukc ge bcs eieouvc eieouvcss esoìpocs esoìpocs ock bf hesÿk hesÿk pcr pcr prchrf`fs qulere qulere que que vfyf f verbe `föfkf `föfkf f su gespfojc gespfojc f prl`er prl`erff jcrf. Vulere que usteg be expblque mreve`ekte pcr quì jfy que hesckfr este ockiuktc ge prcyeotc oc`c uk prchrf`f y kc oc`c ukf su`f ge prcyeotcs. ³Vuì frhu`ektcs usfræ pfrf ockvekoerbe3
=.
Qfrf ncr`fr ncr`fr pfrte pfrte ge su jfmlblgfges Qrchrf` Qrchrf` @fkfhe`ek @fkfh e`ekt t Wef`, pfrf usteg ustegncr`fr eke pfrte que ektrev ekt fr f ukc ukcss ofkglgft ofkglgftcs cs que puegek puegek ser lkterkcs c exterkcs. ³Vuì iuzhfràf keoesfrlfs gerevlst su lstfr equlpc3
Q æ h l k f 5 | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ ?.
Ge bfs glnerekte glnerektess ærefs ge hesÿk hesÿk ge su prchrf prchrf`f `f (hesÿk (hesÿk ge mekeo mekeolcs lcs,, hcm hcmler lerkc, kc, hesÿk hesÿk ge lkt lktere eresfg sfgcs cs y hesÿ hesÿk k estrftìhlof). ³Ouæb iuzhf `æs l`pcrtfkte3
_cbuolÿk9 6.
=. ?.
Eb prchrf`f prchrf`f pfrf este ofsc ofsc es keoesfrlc keoesfrlc yf que estæk estæk gesfrrcbbf gesfrrcbbfkgc kgc vfrlc vfrlcss prcyeotcs prcyeotcs ek glnerekte glnerektess pfrtes geb `ukgc, `ukgc, bc que keoesf keoesfrlc rlc bf oektrfb oektrfblzf lzfolÿk olÿk ge prcoes prcoescs cs tfk l`pcrtf l`pcrtfkte ktess pfrf pfrf ouf oufbqu bquler ler crh crhfkl fklzfo zfolÿk lÿk oc`c sck bcs resubtf resubtfgcs gcs kfkolercs. Eb `fycr mekeolc ge bbevfr f ofmc este prchrf`f es bf nfolblgfg que se vf f teker ek bf oc`uklofolÿk ektre bcs glnerektes pfàses y se glspckgræ ge lkncr`folÿk fb lkstfkte ek tcgfs bfs rehlckes, hfrfkzfr ukf muekf slkorcklzfolÿk ektre bfs gepekgekolfs ektre bcs prcyeotcs ge este, fge`æs que tf`mlìk puege per`lr uk usc `æs eolekte ge bcs reourscs `eglfkte eb estfmbeol`lektc ge prlcrlgfges y bf lktehrfolÿk ge bcs prcyeotcs. Fpfrte ge ge bfs jfmlblgfges jfmlblgfges hekìrlo hekìrlofs fs ge hesÿk, hesÿk, ek este este prchrf`f prchrf`f jfmræ que que teker `uy `uy ek ouekt ouektff eb æref ge fpblofolÿk fpblofolÿk,, es geolr, eb ockcol`lektc espeoàoc scmrc bcs prcoegl`lektcs kfkolercs geb g eb seotcr. Bcs prchrf` prchrf`fs fs sle`pre sle`pre gfk `æs l`pcrtf l`pcrtfkolf kolf f bf hesÿk hesÿk ge mekeol mekeolcs, cs, pfrf esc esc se ore orefk, fk, pfrf gfr `æs mekeo mekeolcs lcs que ofgf prcyeotc pcr sepfrfgc.
Eierololc ?9 _u pcrtfncblc eke 5 oc`pckektes, ock bcs slhulektes gftcs ge presupuestc y vfbcr rebfvc9
Qrcyeotc Kc 69 Qresupuestc =5.111 Eurcs9 ^fbcr ?1% Qrcyeotc Kc =9 Qresupuestc 51.111 Eurcs9 ^fbcr 67% Qrcyeotc Kc ?9 Qresupuestc 6?.511 Eurcs9 ^fbcr =?% Qrcyeotc Kc 79 Qresupuestc ?=.111 Eurcs9 ^fbcr ==% Qrcyeotc Kc 59 Qresupuestc 71.111 Eurcs9 ^fbcr 66%
Eb prcyeotc 5 yf se estæ eieoutfkgc, perc scmre eb retc se puege tc`fr bf geolslÿk scmre sl fprcmfrbcs, reojfzfrbcs f fpbfzfrbcs. Gemlgc f bf pcbàof fotufb ge reocrtes ek su e`presf, be reguoek f bf `ltfg eb presupuestc keoesfrlc pfrf eieoutfr tcgf bf ofrterf. ³Ouæb seràf esoekfrlc ge sebeoolÿk ÿp`c3 _cbuolÿk9 Bfs jerrf`lektfs ge hesÿk ge pcrtfncblcs (Qrcieot Qcrtfncblc @fkfhe`ekt ‟QQ@) per`ltek represektf bcs pcrtfncblcs ock hrfofs ge esoekfrlcs ge sebeoolÿk, ock fyugfs vlsufbes pfrf geolglr sl sebeoolckfr c kc geter`lkfgcs oc`pckektes. Ge fouergc f bcs gftcs geb ekukolfgc. Eb prcyeotc 5 es cmblhftcrlc (ncroeg lk). L`fhlkì`ckcs uk esoekfrlc ek eb que se geolge ofkoebfr eb prcyeotc 7 (ncroeg cut). Kc sebeoolckfr eb prcyeotc = y sl sebeoolckfr bcs prcyeotc 6 y ?.
Q æ h l k f > | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ Qfrf iusofr f bf fbtf glreoolÿk que estf puege ser bf geolslÿk ÿp`f, es `uy ùb represektfr bf hræof ge bf nrckterf eolekte, que estfmbeoe eb bà`lte ÿp`c superlcr ge `æs vfbcr fhrehfgc ock `ekcr presupuestc gfgf oufbquler oc`mlkfolÿk ge prcyeotcs. Qcr geklolÿk, klkhukf oc`mlkfolÿk ge prcyeotcs puege ofer pcr ekol`f ge bf nrckterf eolekte. Oc`c puege fpreolfrse ek bf hurf, eb 611% geb vfbcr se ockslhue ock uk presupuestc ge 6>6DEurcs, y sl kc se sebeoolckfr klkhùk prcyeotc. Eb vfbcr fhrehfgc es oerc. Ek bf hurf se puege cmservfr cmservfr que bf sebeoolÿk sebeoolÿk ge bcs prcyeotc prcyeotc 6,? y 5, ock uk presupuestc presupuestc tctfb ge 87%, es `uy iusofmbe pcr estfr oerof ge bf nrckterf eolekte, sl mlek teÿrlof`ekte ock eb `ls`c presupuestc se pcgràf cmteker uk vfbcr fhrehfgc ge jfstf uk 88%, y eb `ls`c vfb vfbcr cr fhrehfgc se pcgràf cmteker ock uk `ekcr presupuestc ge 55DE.
@cgebc ge @fgures CQ@? Eb `cgebc ge `fgurez ek hesÿk ge prcyeotcs ocrpcrfvf prcpuestc pcr eb Q@L se gekc`lkf CQ@? (Crhfklzfckfb Qrcieot @fkfhe`ekt @fturlty @cgeb). Ockeke uk ockiuktc ge prehuktfs pfrf geter`lkfr bf `fgurez ek hesÿk ge prcyeotcs, prchrf`fs y pcrtfncblcs. F pfrr ge resubtfgcs, se prcpcke uk rcfg`fp ge `eicrf ock cmievcs `uy getfbbfgcs y orlterlcs ge ìxltc (>11 `eicres præoofs, =611 ofpfolgfges, ==11 lkglofgcres obfves ge gese`peöc). Bfs evfbufolckes ge `fgurez puegek ser refblzfgfs colfb`ekte pcr persckfs ock bf tubfolÿk Oerofgc Qrcneslckfb CQ@?. Lkteresfgcs (_tfdejcbgers) _ck persckfs y crhfklzfolckes (e.h. oblektes, pftrcolkfgcres, crhfklzfolÿk eieoutcrf, pùmbloc), lkvcbuorfgcs fovf`ekte ek eb prcyeotc, c ouycs lktereses puegek verse fneotfgcs ge `fkerf pcslvf c kehfvf pcr bf eieouolÿk c ockobuslÿk geb prcyeotc. Wf`mlìk puegek lkulr scmre eb prcyeotc y sus ektrehfmbes. Es ukf tfref oràof geb glreotcr geb prcyeotc eb trfksncr`fr (oc`mlkfr) bfs expeotfvfs ge bcs glverscs lkteresfgcs ek uk ockiuktc ocjerekte y `fkeifmbe, nfvcrfmbe f bcs cmievcs y bf keoeslgfges geb prcyeotc. Bcs lkteresfgcs presektes ek bcs prcyeotcs sck9
Eb Glreotcr geb Qrcyeotc (Qrcieot @fkfher). Eb Oblekte9 Lkterbcoutcr glreotc pfrf eb equlpc ge glreoolÿk geb prcyeotc, ektr ektree ctrfs nukolckes, pfrolpf ek bfs reuklckes ge sehul`lektc, gf eb vlstc muekc ek bf verlofolÿk v erlofolÿk ge bcs ektrehfmbes, eto.
Eb Usufrlc9 Qersckfs que usfræk eb prcguotc geb prcyeotc. Bf Crhfklzfolÿk Eieoutcrf9 Bf e`presf pfrf bf que trfmfifrf eb equlpc geb prcyeotc.
Q æ h l k f 8 | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_
Bcs @le`mrcs geb Equlpc geb Qrcyeotc9 Bfs persckfs que refblzfk eb trfmfic. Eb Equlpc ge Glreoolÿk geb Qrcyeotc9 Eb hrupc que hesckf bf eieouolÿk geb prcyeotc, ektre bcs que se ekouektrf eb Glreotcr geb Qrcyeotc y fbhukcs `le`mrcs gestfofgcs geb equlpc. Es respcksfmbe ge lgekofr f bcs glnerektes lkteresfgcs, sus requerl`lektcs, expeotfvfs y cmievcs, que suebek ser glnerektes. Eb Qftrcolkfgcr9 Qrl`er lkteresfgc ek bf ockobuslÿk exltcsf geb prcyeotc. Qersckf c hrupc que fslhkf eb presupuestc fb prcyeotc y bc futcrlzf. Lkuyektes9 Qersckfs kc glreotf`ekte rebfolckfgfs ock eb prcyeotc perc que puegek l`pfotfr ek sus resubtfgcs. Bf Colkf ge Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotcs c Qrchrf`fs (Q@C).
Eb pfpeb que gese`peöfk bcs lkteresfgcs ek eb prcyeotc gepekge ge ofgf prcyeotc. Ek hekerfb se puegek eku`erfr fsà bfs fovlgfges plofs ge bcs lkteresfgcs sehùk bcs hrupcs ge prcoescs9 Qftrcolkfgc r
Lklolc - Nlkfkolf eb prcyeotc - Ocbfmcrf ek bf ebfmcr ebfmcrfol folÿk ÿk geb Fot Fotff ge Ocks Ockst tuo uolÿ lÿk k geb geb Qrcyeotc
Equlpc
Qbfklofolÿk - Fpruemf eb Qbfk ge Hesÿk geb Qrcyeotc
Usufrlcs
- Quegek pfrolpfr ek
- Orefk bf EGW. - Qfrolpfk ek bf pbfklofolÿk geb orckchrf`f orckc hrf`f,, ocstes ocstes y rleshcs. - Quegek pfrolpfr ek
Nlkfbes
bf ebfmcrfolÿk geb Fotf ge Ocks Ockst tuo uolÿ lÿk k geb geb Qrcyeotc.
bf orefolÿk geobfrfolÿk fbofkoe.
Herekte Nukolckfb Glreotcr ge Qrcyeotcs
- Qu Queg egeek fyug fyugffr f ebfm ebfmcr crfr fr eb Fo Fotf tf ge Ockst. Geb Qrcyeotc. - Estæ f ofrhc geb prcyeotc, kc keoesfrlf`ekte ge bcs reourscs.
Glreotcr ge Qrchrf`fs
- _e fsehurf ge que bcs prcy prcyeo eotc tcss ebeh ebehlg lgcs cs ocktrlmuyfk f bcs cmievcs cmiev cs estrft estrftìhlo ìhlocs cs ge bf crhfklzfolÿk.
Glreotcr ge Qcrtfncblcs
- _e fsehurf ge que bcs prcy prcyeo eotc tcss ebeh ebehlg lgcs cs or oref efk k vf vfbc bcrr pfrf pfrf bf crhfklzfolÿk.
ge
Eieouolÿk - ]esuebve bcs ocklotcs nu nuer erff geb geb oc ockt ktrc rcbb geb geb Glreotcr ge Qrcyeotcs. - ]esu ]esueb ebve ve bfs bfs gugf gugfss scmre eb fbofkoe. Eieoutfk bfs fovlgfges geb prcyeotc.
Ocktrcb - Fpruemf c reojfzf bcs of`mlcs. - EB ùkloc futcrlzfgc pfrf of`mlfr eb fotf geb prcyeotc. ]eoc`lekgfk of`mlcs of`ml cs y fool foolckes ckes ocrreovfs.
Olerre - Foeptfolÿk ncr`fb ge bcs ektrehfmbes.
- Olerre ncr`fb ge bfs nfses geb prcyeotc.
- Quegek Quegek pfr pfrol olpfr pfr
bf geb
- Qfrolpf ek bf pbfklofolÿk ge ]]JJ.
- Fs Fslh lhkf kf pers persck ckfs fs fb equlpc.
- Bl Blge gerf rf y gl glrl rlhe he bc bcss esnuerzcs ge pbfklofolÿk.
- Lkuye ek eb equlpc y ek eb ektcrkc pfrf orefr bfs ockglolckes prcplolfs ge trfmfic. - ]efblzf eb sehul`lektc geb gese`p gese`peöc eöc ge bcs `le`mrcs geb equlpc.
- He Hes sck ckff pr prcy cyeo eotc tcss rebfolckfgcs pfrf cm cmte tek ker re resu subt btfg fgc cs lkfbofkzfmbes sl se hesckfrfk sepfrfgf`ekte. - Glrlhe eb trfmfic ge bcs Glreotcres ge prcyeotcs. - Hesckf prcyeotcs kc rebfolckfgcs. - Ock Ockslh slhue ue fpcycs fpcycs geb persckfb eieouvc pfrf bcs prcyeotcs lkglvlgufbes.
ek bf fprcmfolÿk ge bcs of`mlcs y foeptfolÿk ge ektrehfmbes. ]eoc`lekgfk of`mlcs of`ml cs y fool foolckes ckes ocrreovfs. Geter`lkf bf keoeslgfg ge ebevfr bfs bfs pe peo ollck ckes es ge of`mlcs. ]eoc`lekgf foolckes ocrreovfs y prevekvfs, repfrfolÿk ge geneotcs.
- Olerre ncr`fb ge bfs nfses geb prcyeotc y geb prcyeotc oc`pbetc.
E`lte reoc`ekgfolckes pfrf que bcs prcyeotcs prcguzofk eb `f `fycr ycr mekeo mekeolc lc pfrf eb prchrf`f.
E`lte reoc`ekgfolckes pfrf pfrf `fxl `fxl`l `lzf zfrr eb ]CL.
Q æ h l k f : | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ ]estrloolckes Ocktrfpuestfs (Oc`pekh Ockstrflkts) _e gekc`lkf restrloolÿk f oufbquler olroukstfkolf que bl`lte bfs cpolckes geb equlpc ge glreoolÿk geb prcyeotc. Oufbquler restrloolÿk fpblofmbe, yf sef lkterkf c exterkf, puege fneotfr eb gese`peöc geb prcyeotc c ge uk prcoesc. Qcr eie`pbc, ukf restrloolÿk geb orckchrf`f suebe presektfrse mfic bf ncr`f ge neojfs ifs l`puestfs. Wleke ofræoter ocktrfpuestc pcrque vfrlfr oufbquler restrloolÿk fneotf fb `ekcs ek ctrf. Qcr eie`pbc, reguolr eb pbfzc l`pblof fu`ektfr eb presupuestc. Ek bfs verslckes fkterlcres ge bf huàf geb Q@MCD se oltfmf ‒bf trlpbe restrloolÿk‐ pbfzc, presupuestc y fbofkoe. Bf verslÿk fotufb f`pbàf f > bfs restrloolckes plofs (fge`æs ge bfs ? fkterlcres9 reourscs, rleshcs y ofblgfg) y geif fmlertf bf pcslmlblgfg ge que sefk fpblofmbes ctrfs, gepekglekgc ge bfs ofrfoteràsofs geb prcyeotc (oc`c puegek ser bf sfsnfoolÿk geb oblekte, bfs gepekgekolfs ge ctrcs prcyeotcs, eto.)
Fbofkoe9 _l eb equlpc ge glreoolÿk Fbofkoe glreoolÿk geb prcyeotc prcyeotc geolge geolge fu`ektf fu`ektf eb fbofkoe (jfy que hekerfr 61 ektrehfmbes ektrehfmbes `æs, pcr eie`pbc), supckgræ `æs presupuestc y `æs pbfzc. _l pcr eie`pbc eb pbfzc kc se puege fu`ektfr, pcgràf fneotfr f bf ofblgfg ge bcs ektrehfmbes, pcrque jfy `ekcs e`pc pfrf jfoerbcs jf oerbcs geb que crlhlkfb`ekte se pbfkloÿ. Qbfzc9 _l jfy que reguolr eb pbfzc, oc`c ockseouekolf jfmræ que reguolr eb fbofkoe. f bofkoe. _l eb pbfzc fu`ektf (oc` (oc`c c ockseouekolf ge uk `fyc fbofkoe), jfmræ que fu`ektfr eb presupuestc. Qresupuestc9 _l eb presupuestc se reguoe, bf ockseouekolf es reguolr eb fbofkoe. _l kc se reguoe eb fbofkoe, se pekfblzf bf ofblgfg. _l eb presupuestc fu`ektf (pcrque fu`ektf eb fbofkoe). Wf`mlìk jfmræ que fu`ektfr eb pbfzc. ]eourscs (@fterlfbes y Ju`fkcs)9 F `fycr glspcklmlblgfg ge reourscs, `ekcr pbfzc (y ocste). ]leshcs9 _l ukf persckf obfve trfmfif tr fmfif f bf vez ek vfrlcs prcyeotcs, y ukc se retrfsf, es `uy prcmfmbe que eb ctrc tf`mlìk se retrfse. Ek hekerfb, sl bcs rleshcs kc se ockslgerfk fkolpfgf`ekte, puegek fneotfr fb fbofkoe, presupuestc, pbfzc, ofblgfg, eto. ]espckger f bcs rleshcs bl`ltf bfs cpolckes ge hesÿk.
_upuestcs (Fssu`pcks) Bcs supuestcs sck nfotcres que, pfrf bcs prcpÿsltcs ge bf pbfklofolÿk, se ockslgerfk vergfgercs, refbes c olertcs, slk keoeslgfg ge ocktfr ock evlgekolf c ge`cstrfolÿk. Estcs supuestcs jfk ge `ckltcrlzfse ockkuf`ekte, ock eb k ge `fkteker fotufblzfgf bf pbfklofolÿk f `eglgf que vf`cs gesoumrlekgc kuevf lkncr`folÿk geb prcyeotc. Kcr`fb`ekte Kcr`fb` ekte se ublzf uk rehlstrc ge supuestcs (fssu`pck bch). Ebfmcrfolÿk Qrchreslvf F veoes se gekc`lkf tf`mlìk pbfklofolÿk hrfgufb, prchresslve ebfmcrfck, ]cbblkh wfve Qbfkklkh, eto. Es ukf tìoklof que ockslste ek `eicrfr y fhrehfr getfbbes ockkuf`ekte f uk pbfk ek bf `eglgf ek que se ouekte ock lkncr`folÿk `æs getfbbfgf y espeoàof y ock es`folckes `æs preolsfs. F `eglgf que eb prcyeotc fvfkzf. Ge ese `cgc se pcgræk prcguolr pbfkes `æs preolscs y oc`pbetcs que sefk eb resubtfgc ge bfs relterfolckes suoeslvfs geb prcoesc ge pbfklofolÿk. Qfrf prfoofr bf ebfmcrfolÿk ebfmcrfolÿk prchreslvf, prchreslvf, se puegek puegek glskhulr ek eb fbofkoe fbofkoe fquebbcs pfquetes ge trfmfic scmre bcs que fùk kc se ekek suolektes suolektes getfbbes, getfbbes, que esperf`cs esperf`cs gesoumrlr gesoumrlr `æs fgebfkte fgebfkte (p.ei., gektrc ge = `eses, ek uk prcyeotc ge uk föc.) F estcs pfquetes kc bcs bbf`f`cs pfquetes ge trfmfic, slkc pfquete ge pbfklofolÿk. Oufkgc se ockcoek getfbbes, estcs pfquetes ge
Q æ h l k f < | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ pbf pbfkl klofo ofolÿk lÿk se gesoc`p gesoc`pcke ckek k ek pfquet pfquetes es ge trf trfmfic mfic.. Ek uk orckch orckchrf`f rf`f kc suebek suebek rep repres resekt ektfrse frse glojcs bcs pfquet pfquetes es ge pbfklofolÿk (c mlek puegek represektfrse oc`c tfrefs resu`ek ock neojfs es`fvfs, slk gesoc`pcslolÿk ek fovlgfges getfbbfgfs). Cnolkf ge Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotc c Qrchrf`fs (Q@C) Uk ouerpc c ekgltfg ge bf crhfklzfolÿk que eke vfrlfs respcksfmlblgfges fslhkfgfs ock rebfolÿk f bf glreoolÿk oektrfblzfgf y occrglkfgf ge fquebbcs prcyeotcs que se ekouektrfk mfic su iurlsgloolÿk. Bfs respcksfmlblgfges ge ukf colkf ge prcyeotcs puegek vfrlfr, gesge refblzfr nukolckes ge fpcyc pfrf bf glreoolÿk ge prcyeotcs jfstf ser refb`ekte bcs respcksfmbes ge bf glreoolÿk geb prcyeotc. Quege ser ge vfrlcs pcs9
Q@C ge Fpcyc Fpcy c (_uppcrve (_uppcr ve Q@C) Gese`peöfk uk rcb ocksubvc ge ofrf f bcs prcyeotcs, su`lklstrfkgc pbfkbbfs, `eicres præoofs, ofpfoltfolÿk, c fooesc f bf lkncr`folÿk y beoolckes fprekglgfs ge ctrcs prcyeotcs. _lrve oc`c repcsltcrlc pfrf bcs prcyeotcs. c Q@C ge Ocktrcb (Ocktrcb (Oc ktrcbblkh blkh Q@C) Qrcpcrolckf scpcrte y exlhek ou`pbl`lektc pcr glnerektes `eglcs. c Este ou`pbl`lektc ou`pbl`lektc puege l`pblofr bf fgcpolÿk fgcpolÿk ge `frocs c `etcgcbchàfs `etcgcbchàfs ge glreoolÿk ge prcyeotcs f trfvìs ge c pbfkbbfs, ncr`ubfrlcs y jerrf`lektfs espeoàocs, c ockncr`lgfg ek tìr`lkcs ge hcmlerkc. Q@C Glreovf Glreo vf (Glreove (Glr eove Q@C) Eieroe eb ocktrcb ge bcs prcyeotc fsu`lekgc f su`lekgc bf prcplf glreoolÿk ge bcs `ls` `ls`cs. cs. c
_lste`f ge Lkcr`folÿk pfrf bf Glreoolÿk ge Qrcyeotcs Eb _lste`f ge Lkncr`folÿk Lkncr`folÿk pfrf bf Glreoolÿk ge Qrcyeotcs (Qrcieot (Qrcieot @fkfhe`ekt Lkncr`fck Lkncr`fck _yste` ‟Q@L_-) es uk slste`f ge lkncr`folÿk oc`puestc pcr jerrf`lektfs tìoklofs ublzfgc pfrf reocplbfr, lktehrfr y glnukglr bcs resubtfgcs ge bcs prcoescs ge glreoolÿk ge prcyeotcs. _e usf pfrf respfbgfr tcgcs bcs fspeotcs geb prcyeotc gesge eb oc`lekzc jfstf eb olerre, y puege lkobulr tfktc slste`fs `fkufbes oc`c futc`fzfgcs. Uk tìr`lkc rebfolckfgc rebfolckfgc ock eb Q@L_ es eb _lste`f _lste`f ge Hesÿk Qrcyeotcs9 Qrcyeotcs9 ockiuktc ockiuktc ge jerrf`lektfs jerrf`lektfs,, teokc teokcbchàf, bchàf, `etcgcbchàf, `etcgcbchàf, reourscs y prcoegl`lektcs que se usf pfrf refblzfr refb lzfr uk prcyeotc. Bf Q@C tf tf`mlìk `mlìk bc usf. @uojfs veoes se ocknukgek estcs gcs tìr`lkcs ektre sà, y tf`mlìk ock bfs jerrf`lektfs ocrpcrfvfs ge hesÿk ge pcrtfncblcs (Qrcieot Qcrcblc @fkfhe`ekt ‟QQ@-). Jfy que sfmer que uk _lste`f ge Lkncr`folÿk pfrf bf Glreoolÿk ge Qrcyeotcs kc se oc`pcke scbc ge jerrf`lektfs. Bfs jerrf`lektfs ge hesÿk ge prcyeotcs estæk experl`ektfkgc uk kctfmbe oreol`lektc. Ek bf fotufblgfg jfy `uojfs jerrf`lektfs f glspcslolÿk geb equlpc ge glreoolÿk geb prcyeotc. Qcr ctrc bfgc, yf kc se jfmbf scbc ge jerrf`lektfs ge hesÿk ge prcyeotcs, slkc que ofgf gàf es `æs nreouekte ver oÿ`c estfs jerrf`lektfs se espeolfblzfk ek tfrefs.
Wfsd @fkfhe`et tcbcs (Oc`c Fsfkf). Gcou`ektcs (Ekterprlse Ocktekt @fkfhe`ekt Wccbs ‟ EO@, Oc`c Grcpmcx, Hcchbe Grlve, eto.) Jerrf`lektfs pfrf ocbfmcrfr pcr lkterket (Oc`c _dype, HcWc@eekh, eto.)
Q æ h l k f 61 | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_
Fovcs ge bcs Qrcoescs ge bf Crhfklzfolÿk (FQC) Bcs fovcs fovcs ge bcs prcoes prcoescs cs ge bf crhfkl crhfklzfo zfolÿk lÿk (Crhfk (Crhfklzf lzfck ckfb fb Qrcoess Qrcoess Fssets Fssets ‟ CQF CQF)) sck bcs pbf pbfkes kes,, prc prcoes oescs, cs, pcb pcbào àofs, fs, prcoegl`lektcs y mfses ge ockcol`lektc espeoàoc ge bf crhfklzfolÿk eieoutcrf. Fmrfofk pbfkes, pcbàofs, prcoegl`lektcs y glreotrloes, yf sefk ncr`fbes c kc ncr`fbes.
Quegek renerlrse f prcoescs y prcoegl`lektcs rebfvcs f bcs prcoescs ge hesÿk ge bcs hrupcs ge lklolc, pbfklofolÿk, eieouolÿk, ocktrcb y olerre. Wf`mlìk fmfrofk bfs mfses ge ockcol`lektc ge bf crhfklzfolÿk, oc`c bfs beoolckes fprekglgfs y bf lkncr`folÿk jlstÿrlof. Ek su `æs f`pblc sekgc. Oufbquler gcou`ektc hekerfgc ek oufbquler prcyeotc (fotfs, lkncr`es, pbfkes, orckchrf`fs, pbfkbbfs, mfses pfrf bfs es`folckes, presektfolckes kfbes, oc`uklofolckes, eto.) es susoepmbe ge pcger reublzfrse oc`c FQC.
Nfotcres F`mlektfbes ge bf E`presf (NFE) Bcs nfotcres f`mlektfbes ge bf e`presf, que se fmrevlf oc`c NFE (ek lkhbìs sl gloe Ekterprlse Ekvlrck`ektfb Nfotcrs ‟ EEN-) jfoek renerekolf f ockglolckes que kc estæk mfic eb ocktrcb geb equlpc geb prcyeotc y que lkuyek, restrlkhek c glrlhek eb prcyeotc. Ektre bcs nfotcres f`mlektfbes ge bf e`presf, se lkobuyek9
Bf oubturf, estruoturf y hcmlerkc ge bf crhfklzfolÿk.
Bf glstrlmuolÿk hechræof ge lkstfbfolckes y reourscs. r eourscs. Bcs estækgfres ge bf lkgustrlf c humerkf`ektfbes. Bfs lknrfestruoturfs. Bcs reourscs ju`fkcs exlstektes. Bf fg`lklstrfolÿk ge persckfb. Bcs slste`fs ge futcrlzfolÿk ge trfmfics ge bf e`presf. Bfs ockglolckes geb `erofgc. Bf tcberfkolf fb rleshc pcr pfrte ge bcs lkteresfgcs. Eb obl`f pcbàoc. Bcs ofkfbes ge oc`uklofolÿk estfmbeolgcs ek bf crhfklzfolÿk. crhfklzfolÿk . Bfs mfses ge gftcs oc`erolfbes. Eb slste`f ge lkncr`folÿk pfrf bf glreoolÿk ge prcyeotcs.
Olobc ge ^lgf ge uk Qrcguotc
Q æ h l k f 66 | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ Eb olobc ge vlgf ge uk prcyeotc es hekerfb`ekte pfrte geb olobc ge vlgf ge uk prcguotc. Eb olobc ge vlgf ge uk prcguotc fmfrof gesge su ockoepolÿk jfstf su rerfgf geb `erofgc. Hekerfb`ekte oc`lekzf ock uk pbfk ge kehcolc, slhue eb prcyeotc que hekerf eb prcguotc. Gespuìs ge kfblzfr eb prcyeotc oc`lekzf bf b f nfse ge cperfolÿk y scpcrte geb prcguotc. pr cguotc.
Nfses ge uk Qrcyeotc Eb olobc ge vlgf ge uk prcyeotc fmfrof bfs nfses keoesfrlfs ek uk prcyeotc gesge su prlkolplc f su k. Uk prcyeotc hekerfb`ekte se glvlge ek nfses. Ofgf nfse puege represektfrse fsà9
Eb olobc ge vlgf ge uk prcyeotc puege verse oc`c ukf suoeslÿk ge nfses. Ofgf nfse ockobuye oufkgc se revlsfk y fpruemfk sus ektrehfmbes. Uk ektrehfmbe es uk prcguotc que geme pcger `eglrse y verlofrse. Estcs jltcs ge revlslÿk fb kfb ge ofgf nfse se gekc`lkfk ‒_tfhe Hftes‐, ‒Qjfse Exlts‐ c ‒Dlbb Qclkts‐. Oufkgc se fpruemf bf kfblzfolÿk ge ukf nfse, estc kc slhklof keoesfrlf`ekte que futc`æof`ekte oc`lekoe bf nfse slhulekte. Geme cmtekerse fktes ctrf fprcmfolÿk y jf ge oebemrfrse ukf reuklÿk ge bfkzf`lektc. Bf trfkslolÿk ge nfse y bf slhulekte supcke bf fprcmfolÿk ge olertcs ektrehfmbes. Hekerfb`ekte, ek ofgf nfse se geke9
Eb trfmfic que jf ge refblzfrse. Bcs jltcs ge ektrehf. Bcs reourscs keoesfrlcs. Bcs `eofkls`cs ge ocktrcb f ublzfr.
Ek ofgf nfse, eb ocste suebe ser mfic eb prlkolplc, fbtc ek bf pfrte lkter`eglf y vuebve f mfifr fb kfb9
Fb oc`lekzc, se refblzf bf pbfklofolÿk que kc hekerf `uojcs ocstes. Gespuìs vleke bf eieouolÿk geb prcyeotc, gckge se gesfrrcbbf eb trfmfic pbfklofgc e lkvcbuorfkgc f `uojfs persckfs, se
oc`prfk `fterlfbes y se eieoutfk tcgfs bfs tfrefs, bc oufb ouestf `uojc glkerc. F bf ockobuslÿk, bfs persckfs vfk pfsfkgc f ctrcs prcyeotcs, bc oufb reguoe bcs ocstes.
Q æ h l k f 6= | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ Ek ofgf nfse, bfs lkoergu`mres y bcs rleshcs sck fbtcs fb prlkolplc y mfics fb kfb. Bf rfzÿk pcr bf que courre estc se gekc`lkf ‒ebfmcrfolÿk prchreslvf‐.
Fb prlkolplc, bcs cmievcs sck f`pblcs, y se vfk ockoretfkgc ek cmievcs getfbbfgcs prchreslvf`ekte. Bc `ls`c courre ock bfs fovlgfges9 f ovlgfges9 Fb prlkolplc se ekek fovlgfges ge fbtc klveb, y se vfk geklekgc f `eglgf que eb prcyeotc fvfkzf.
Ek ofgf nfse bf lkuekolf ge bcs lkteresfgcs es fbtf fb prlkolplc y mfif bf kfb, gemlgc fb ocste que tekgràfk bcs of`mlcs. Crhfklzfolÿk rhfklzfolÿk Eieoutcrf Bf Crhfklzfolÿk y bf Oubturf ge bf C Eie`pbc ge e`presfs ock crhfklzfolÿk glnerekte9
E`presfs que se geglofk f refblzfr prcyeotc pfrf ctrfs e`presfs (Eie`pbc9 e`presfs ge ocksubtcràf)9 Estfs e`presfs eieoutfk uk prcyeotc tfs ctrc pfrf sus oblektes. E`presfs que jfk fgfptfgc bf hesÿk pcr prcyeotcs (Eie`pbc9 nfmrlofkte ge tebìnckcs `ÿvlbes que bfkzf uk prcyeotc pfrf hekerfr ofgf kuevc prcguotc). Jfk l`pbe`ektfgc slste`fs y prcoescs ge hesÿk ge prcyeotcs pfrf gesfrrcbbfr sus cperfolckes. E`presfs kc crlektfgfs f bf hesÿk pcr prcyeotcs9 Ofreoek ge jerrf`lektfs y prcoescs pfrf hesckfr prcyeotcs. Es `ekcs prcmfmbe bf eieouolÿk exltcsf ge uk prcyeotc ek este pc ge crhfklzfolckes.
Eie`pbc ge e`presfs ock pcs ge oubturf glnerekte9
E`presfs e`prekgegcrfs9 Foeptfk prcyeotcs ge fbtc rleshc. E`presfs ge ierfrquàf ràhlgf9 Quegek gloubtfr bf futcrlgfg geb Glreotcr ge Qrcyeotcs.
Bf Estruoturf ge bf Crhfklzfolÿk Eieoutcrf Bf crhfklzfolÿk eieoutcrf puege ser ge tres pcs9 nukolckfb, `ftrlolfb y prcyeozfgf9
Nukolckfb 9 Crhfklzfolck Crhfklzfolckes es trfglolckfbes trfglolckfbes que trfmfifk trfmfifk ek slbcs sepfrfgcs (Eie`pbc9 reourscs ju`fkc ju`fkcs, s, ocktfmlblgfg ocktfmlblgfg,, prcguo prc guoolÿk olÿk,, `frdek `frdekh, h, kfkzf kfkzfs). s). Bcs glr glreot eotcre cress ge prcyeo prcyeotcs tcs ekek ekek pcof pcof fut futcrlg crlgfg fg ncr`fb, ncr`fb, bc que se trfguo trfguoee ek gloubtfges pfrf ocksehulr reourscs. _uebek repcrtfr f uk herekte nukolckfb. Wrfmfifk f e`pc pfrolfb ek eb prcyeotc. Qrcyeozfgf9 Bf `fycràf `fycrà f ge bcs e`pbefgcs trfmfifk ek prcyeotcs. Bcs glreotcres ge prcyeotcs ekek `uojf futcrlgfg y vlslmlblgfg. @ftrlolfb 9 9 Wleke ebe`ektcs ge bfs gcs fkterlcres. Quegek ser ge ? pcs9 `ftrlolfb nuerte, gìmlb y equlblmrfgf. Eb persckfb fslhkfgc f prcyeotcs suebe repcrtf fb herekte nukolckfb y fb glreotcr ge prcyeotcs. _ck gìmlbes c nuertes sehùk eb hrfgc ge futckc`àf, futcrlgfg y reourscs glspcklmbes pfrf bcs Glreotcres ge Qrcyeotc.
F ockkufolÿk se represektf eb ocktrfste ge uk crhfklhrf`f ploc ek ukf crhfklzfolÿk nukolckfb, nrekte fb crhfklhrf`f ploc ek ukf crhfklzfolÿk prcyeozfgf9
Q æ h l k f 6? | =1
]esu`ek ge ]eoursc
F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_
6.7 WE]@LKC WE]@LKCBCH BCHLF LF G GEB EB Q Q@L. @L. Fgfpve Ble Oyobe (Olobc ge ^lgf Fgfptfvc)9 Uk Fgfptfvc)9 Uk olobc ge vlgf geb prcyeotc, tf`mlìk ockcolgc oc`c `ìtcgc crlektfgc fb of`mlc c `ìtcgc æhlb, que musof nfolbltfr eb of`mlc y requlere uk fbtc hrfgc ge pfrolpfolÿk ockkuf ge bcs lkteresfgcs. Bcs olobcs ge vlgf fgfptfvcs tf`mlìk sck lterfvcs e lkore`ektfbes, perc glerek ek que bfs lterfolckes sck `uy ræplgfs (kcr`fb`ekte =-7 se`fkfs ge gurfolÿk) y sck ifs ek e`pc y reourscs. Fssu`pck Fssu`p ck (_upue (_upuestc) stc)99 Uk nfotcr nfotcr geb prcoesc prcoesc ge pbf pbfkl klofo ofolÿk lÿk que se ock ockslg slgerf erf ver vergfg gfgerc erc,, ref refbb c ole olertc rtc,, slk pruemf pruemf kl ge`cstrfolÿk. Ockstrflkt (]estrloolÿk)9 Uk nfotcr bl`ltfkte que fneotf bf eieouolÿk ge uk prcyeotc, prchrf`f, pcrtfncblc c prcoesc. Ekterprlse Ekvlrck`ektfb Ekterprlse Ekvlrck`ektfb Nfotcrs (Nfotcres (Nfotcres F`mlektfbes F`mlektfbes ge bf E`presf)9 E`presf)9 Ockglolckes que kc estæk mfic eb ocktrcb glreotc geb equlpc y que lkuyek, restrlkhek c glrlhek eb prcyeotc, prchrf`f c pcrtfncblc. Nukockfb Crhfklzfck (Crhfklzfolÿk Nukolckfb)9 Ukf crhfklzfolÿk ierærqulof ek bf oufb ofgf e`pbefgc eke geklgc obfrf`ekte uk superlcr y eb persckfb estæ fhrupfgc f hrupfgc pcr ærefs ge espeolfblzfolÿk glrlhlgfs pcr ukf persckf ock experlekolf ek estæ. Lkore`ektfb Bye Oyobe (Olobc ge ^lgf Lkore`ektfb)9 Uk olobc ge vlgf geb prcyeotc gckge jfmltufb`ekte eb fbofkoe geb prcyeotc se geter`lkf, te`prfkf`ekte ek eb olobc ge vlgf geb prcyeotc, perc bfs es`folckes ge e`pc y ocste se `cglofk perlÿglof`ekte ockncr`e fu`ektf eb ektekgl`lektc geb equlpc geb prcyeotc scmre eb prcguotc. Bfs lterfolckes gesfrrcbbfk eb prcguotc f trfvìs ge ukf serlf ge olobcs repegcs. @lektrfs que bcs lkore`ektcs se föfgek suoeslvf`ekte f bf nukolckfblgfg geb prcguotc. Ble Oyobe (Olobc ge ^lgf)9 Bf serle ge nfses que ftrfvlesf uk prcyeotc prcy eotc gesge su lklolc jfstf su olerre. Qercr`lkh Crhfklzfck (Crhfklzfolÿk Eieoutcrf)9 Ukf e`presf ouyf persckf estæ glreotf`ekte lkvcbuorfgc ek refblzfr eb trfmfic geb prcyeotc c geb prchrf`f. Qcrcblc (Qcrtfcblc)9 Qrcyeotcs, prchrf`fs, sumpcrtfncblcs y cperfolckes hesckfgcs oc`c uk hrupc pfrf fbofkzfr bcs cmievcs estrftìhlocs. Qrcguot (Qrcguotc)9 Uk (Qrcguotc)9 Uk froubc prcguolgc, que es oufkofmbe y que q ue puege ser uk ebe`ektc ter`lkfgc c uk oc`pckekte. Qrchrf` (Qrchrf`f)9 Uk (Qrchrf`f)9 Uk hrupc ge prcyeotcs, sumprchrf`fs y fovlgfges ge prchrf`fs rebfolckfgcs ouyf hesÿk se refblzf ge `fkerf occrglkfgf pfrf cmteker mekeolcs que kc se cmtekgràfk sl se hesckfrfk ge ncr`f lkglvlgufb.
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F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ Qrcieot (Qrcyeotc)9 Uk (Qrcyeotc)9 Uk esnuerzc te`pcrfb que se bbevf f ofmc pfrf orefr uk prcguotc, servlolc c resubtfgc ùkloc.
6.5 OCK_LGE]FOLCKE_ QF]F EB EZF@EK Q@L/OFQ@. Fspeotcs rebfolckfgcs ock este ofpàtubc f teker ek ouektf pfrf eb exf`ek9
Bcs hrupcs ge prcoescs kc sck nfses geb prcyeotc. Kc sck seouekolfbes, keoesfrlf`ekte.
Eb ùkloc hrupc ge prcoescs que eke buhfr gurfkte tcgc eb prcyeotc, gesge su lklolc jfstf su k es eb ge @ckltcrlzfolÿk y Ocktrcb. Oufkgc se fpruemf bf kfblzfolÿk ge ukf nfse, estc kc slhklof keoesfrlf`ekte que futc`æof`ekte oc`lekoe bf nfse slhulekte. Geme cmtekerse fktes bf fprcmfolÿk y jf ge oebemrfrse ctrf reuklÿk ge bfkzf`lektc. Ek ofgf nfse ge uk prcyeotc9 Eb ocste suebe ser mfic fb prlkolplc, fbtc ek bf pfrte lkter`eglf y vuebve f mfifr fb kfb. c Bcs rleshcs sck fbtcs fb prlkolplc y mfics fb kfb. c Bf lkuekolf ge bcs lkteresfgcs es fbtf fb prlkolplc y mfif fb kfb. c
6.> Q]EHUKWF_ (6:)
6. Usteg es uk vcbuktfrlc geb Q@L. Uk ocbehf be plge ocbfmcrfr pfrf trfguolr uk blmrc ge hesÿk ge prcyeotcs geb lkhbìs fb espföcb. Bf egltcrlfb lrf ekofrhfkgc bf trfguoolÿk ek pequeöcs pærrfcs. \ uk hrupc ge vcbuktfrlcs ek uk ‒pccb‐ lræ respckglekgc f estcs ekofrhcs. Usteg be ocktestf9 f. Vulek estæ ekofrhfgc ge pfrolpfr. m. Vue glojf trfguoolÿk kc es uk prcyeotc, fsà que geoblkf su cnertf. o. Vue kc puege e`pezfr jfstf que se tekhf eb fotf ge ockstuolÿk geb prcyeotc. g. Vue ockcoe f uk muek glreotcr ge prcyeotcs y be pckgræ ek ocktfotc. ]espuestf9 Ukf cperfolÿk repevf kc ockstuye uk prcyeotc. Uk glreotcr ge prcyeotcs eke bf respcksfmlblgfg prcneslckfb ge geglofrse f prcyeotcs.
=. Usteg es vcbuktfrlc geb Q@L. Uk ocbehf be puge ocbfmcrfr pfrf trfguolr uk blmrc ge hesÿk ge prcyeotcs geb lkhbìs fb espföcb. B egltcrlfb be su`lklstrfrf bcs textcs crlhlkfbes y gfræ pbekf blmertfg ge hesÿk geb equlpc pfrf ektrehfr ek 66 se`fkfs. Usteg be ocktestf9 f. Vue estæ ekofktfgc ge pfrolpfr. m. Vue glojf trfguoolÿk kc es uk prcyeotc, fsà que geoblkf bf cnertf. o. Vue kc puege e`pezfr jfstf que se tekhf eb fotf ge ockstuolÿk geb prcyeotc. g. Vue ockcoe f uk muek glreotcr ge prcyeotcs y be pckgræ ek ocktfotc ock ìb. ]espuestf9 _e trftf ge uk prcyeotc, ek tcgf rehbf. Uk glreotcr ge prcyeotcs eke bf respcksfmlblgfg prcneslckfb ge geglofrse f ]espuestf9 prcyeotcs.
?. Usteg trfmfif pfrf pfr f ukf oc`pföàf que vekge scwfre pcr Lkterket. _u Glreotcr ge @frdekh vleke y be gloe, ‒Keoesltc uk muek Glreotcr ge Qrcyeotcs pfrf fotufblzfr bf pfktfbbf ge mlekveklgf‐. Usteg be ocktestf9 f. Vue estæ ekofktfgc ge pfrolpfr.
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F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ m. Vue ukf fglolÿk c `cglofolÿk `ekcr f uk prcguotc exlstekte kc es uk prcyeotc, fsà que geoblkf bf cnertf. o. Vue kc puege e`pezfr jfstf que se tekhf eb fotf ge ockstuolÿk geb prcyeotc. g. Vue ockcoe f uk muek Glreotcr ge Qrcyeotc y be pckgræ ek ocktfotc ock ìb. ]espuestf9 ]espuestf9 Vue ukf fglolÿk c `cglofolÿk `ekcr f uk prcguotc exlstekte kc es uk prcyeotc, fsà que geoblkf bf cnertf. Eb ekofrhc prcpuestc kc es ùkloc, pcr bc que kc puege ockslgerfrse oc`c uk prcyeotc, slkc oc`c pfrte ge bfs cperfolckes rehubfres ge bf e`presf.
7. 7. Usteg trfmfif pfrf ukf oc`pföàf que vekge scwfre pcr Lkterket. _u Glreotcr ge @frdekh vleke y be gloe, ‒Keoesltc uk muek Glreotcr ge Qrcyeotcs pcrque quere`cs expfkglrkcs f EEUU., oc`pbetfr kuestrf presekolf ock uk slc Xem, fb`foekes y cperfolckes ge glstrlmuolÿk‐. Usteg be ocktestf9 f. Vue estæ ekofktfgc ge pfrolpfr. m. Vue ukf fglolÿk f uk prcguotc exlstekte kc es uk prcyeotc, fsà que geoblkf bf cnertf. o. Vue kc puege e`pezfr jfstf que se tekhf eb fotf ge ockstuolÿk geb prcyeotc. g. Vue ockcoe f uk muek Glreotcr ge Qrcyeotcs y be pckgræ ek ocktfotc ock ìb. ]espuestf9 Eb esnuerzc prcpuestc es ùkloc (pfàs kuevc pfrf bf e`presf, ock ukf kuevf crhfklzfolÿk, fb`foekes, glstrlmulgcres).
5. Ek ukf reuklÿk ge sehul`lektc, eb glreotcr ge gesfrrcbbc gloe que ukc ge bcs gesfrrcbbcs obfve que usteg estæ hesckfkgc jf fbofkzfgc eb nkfb ge bf fse ge glseöc, pcrque bf eojf yf jf pfsfgc, usteg9 f. _e `uestrf ge fouergc pcrque bf neojf yf pfsc. m. _eöfbf que ukf nfse ge uk prcyeotc sÿbc se oc`pbetf oufkgc bcs ektrehfmbes ge bf nfse jfk slgc fprcmfgcs. o. Gloe que bf nfse kc puege jfmer ter`lkfgc ter `lkfgc pcrque kc se jf tc`fgc bf geolslÿk ge pfsfr f bf slhulekte nfse. g. _e `uestrf ge fouergc ock que bf nfse jf ter`lkfgc, perc requlere que bcs ektrehfmbes sefk revlsfgcs tfk prcktc sef pcslmbe. ]espuestf9 Ofgf nfse ge uk prcyeotc se gf pcr kfblzfgf oufkgc se jfk oc`pbetfgc y fprcmfgc sus ektrehfmbes, kc fktes. ]espuestf9
>. Bf prcmfmlblgfg ge ìxltc ge oc`pbetfr eb prcyeotc es `æs mfif9 f. Fb kfb geb prcyeotc, pcrque eb e`pc es sle`pre uk prcmbe`f. m. Gurfkte bfs pruemfs. o. Oufkgc bcs lkteresfgcs se l`pblofk ge`fslfgc. g. Fb oc`lekzc geb prcyeotc. ]espuestf9 Fb oc`lekzc geb prcyeotc, bf prcmfmlblgfg ge kfblzfr exltcsf`ekte es `æs mfif, y pcr tfktc eb rleshc y bf lkoergu`mre sck `æs fbtcs. Bf prcmfmlblgfg ge ìxltc vf fu`ektfkgc. Bf rfzÿk pcr bf que courre estc se gekc`lkf ‒ebfmcrfolÿk prchreslvf‐. Fb prlkolplc, bcs cmievcs sck f`pblcs, y se vfk ockoretfkgc ek cmievcs getfbbfgcs prchreslvf`ekte. Bc `ls`c courre ock bfs tfrefs9 Fb prlkolplc se ekek tfrefs ge fbtc klveb, y se vfk geklekgc f `eglgf que eb prcyeotc fvfkzf.
8. Bf futcrlgfg geb Glreotcr ge Qrcyeotcs es `fyc9 f. Ek ukf crhfklzfolÿk `ftrlolfb equlblmrfgf.
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F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ m. Ek ukf crhfklzfolÿk nukolckfb. o. Ek ukf crhfklzfolÿk prcyeozfgf. g. Ek ukf crhfklzfolÿk `ftrlolfb gìmlb. ]espuestf9 Ek ukf crhfklzfolÿk prcyeozfgf, bf `fycràf ge bcs e`pbefgcs trfmfifk ek prcyeotcs. Bcs Glreotcres ge Qrcyeotcs eke ]espuestf9 `uojf futcrlgfg y vlslmlblgfg.
:. ³Ouæbes sck bfs ? restrloolckes3 f. Wle`pc, glkerc y reourscs. m. Ocses, jltcs y orckchrf`f. o. Wle`pc, fbofkoe, ocstc. g. Ofblgfg, rekgl`lektc, ocste. ]espuestf9 Bfs tres restrloolckes mæslofs sck e`pc, fbofkoe y ocste. (Kctf9 ek bf verslÿk 7 geb Q@MCD se lkobuye ek eb ockiuktc ge restrloolckes tf`mlìk bf ofblgfg, bcs reourscs y bcs rleshcs (y ctrfs restrloolckes pfroubfres oc`c puegek ser bf sfsnfoolÿk geb oblekte, bfs gepekgekolfs ock ctrcs prcyeotcs, eto.).
. Bcs slhulektes fotcres lkuyek scmre oÿ`c jf ge eieoutfrse uk prcyeotc, exoeptc9
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F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_ f. Bcs lkvcbuorfgcs, bf crhfklzfolÿk y bf oubturf ge bf crhfklzfolÿk eieoutcrf. m. Bf estruoturf ge bf crhfklzfolÿk eieoutcrf. o. Bf Colkf ge Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotcs (Q@C) y eb _lste`f ge Hesÿk ge Qr Qrcyeotcs. cyeotcs. g. Klkhukc ge bcs fkterlcres. ]espuestf9 tcgc s bcs fkterlcres sck nfotcres que lkuyek. ]espuestf9 Klkhukc ge bcs fkterlcres es bf respuestf muekf, yf que tcgcs
68. ³Vuì rfse gesorlme `eicr eb rcb r cb ge ukf Q@C gektrc ge ukf crhfklzfolÿk3 f. Gf scpcrte ge pbfklofolÿk y ocktrcb f bcs Glreotcres ge Qrcyeotcs. m. _u`lklstrf Glreotcres ge Qrcyeotcs f bcs prcyeotcs. o. @fkeke fotufblzfgfs bfs `eicres præoofs præ oofs ge Glreoolÿk ge Qrcyeotcs. g. Quegek teker glnerektes nukolckes gepekglekgc ge bcs cmievcs ge bf crhfklzfolÿk. ]espuestf9 Quegek teker glnerektes nukolckes gepekglekgc ge bcs cmievcs ge bf crhfklzfolÿk. ]espuestf9
6:. Ouæb ge bfs slhulektes fr`folckes es nfbsf9 f. Eb _lste`f ge Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotcs es eb ockiuktc ge jerrf`lektfs, teokcbchàf, `etcgcbchàf, reourscs y prcoegl`lektcs que se usf pfrf refblzfr uk prcyeotc. m. Bf Q@C tf`mlìk usf eb _lste`f ge Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotcs. o. Eb _lste`f ge Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotcs es ge usc cmblhfgc ek tcgf su extekslÿk. g. _l uk pfrte geb _lste`f ge Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotcs kc se usf, jf ge gcou`ektfrse pcr quì. ]espuestf9 ]espuestf9 Kc es cmblhftcrlc usfr tcgc eb _lste`f ge Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotc. Vuì pcrolÿk geb _lste`f ge Hesÿk ge Qrcyeotcs se ukf gepekgeræ ge ofgf prcyeotc. Qcr eie`pbc, ek uk prcyeotc geter`lkfgc puege que kc sef keoesfrlc usfr bf pfrte ge hesÿk ge oc`prfs.
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F_LHKFWU]F9 GL]EOOLßK E_W]FWÌHLOF GE Q]C\EOWC_
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