Quizlet Urinary System Anatomy

SLCC Anatomy CH 27: Urinary System Study online at quizlet.com/_1caeua 1.

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The 3 tunics of the ureters, from innermost are

mucosa, muscularis, adventia

The active transport of substance from the blood into the tubular fluid is called ______. This is when tubular fluid becomes urine.

tubular secretion

The apex of a renal pyramid is called the renal ____.

papilla

The arteries located at the corticomedullary junction are the _____ arteries.

arcuate

The bladder is lined with ____ epithelium.

transitional

A blockage in a glomerulus would directly obstruct blood flow into which vessel?

efferent arteriole

Compared with most capillaries, those of a glomerulus are unusual in which ways?

thicker basement membranes, higher blood pressure, and highly oxygenated blood leaves

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Damage to the renal medulla would most directly impair the function of

collecting ducts

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The direct consequence of inadequate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion would most likely be

dehydration

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The DTC secretes ____ and ____ ions, reabsorbs sodium in the presence of aldosterone, and reabsorbs water in the presence of ADH.

hydrogren and potassium

Ducts in each renal papilla drain into a ______.

minor calyx

During which steps of urine formation are substances actually removed from the blood?

filtration and secretion

Filtrate becomes tubular fluid via the diffusion and active transport from the tubular fluid back into the blood within the collecting ducts in a process called _____.

tubular reabsorption

The following doesnot characterize the micturition reflex

internal urethral sphincter relaxes under conscious, voluntary control

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The four tissue layers surrounding and supporting the kidneys are the

fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, and paranephric fat

From which part of the renal tubule are 60-65% of the water and virtually all nutrients, electrolytes, and plasma proteins reabsorbed into the blood?

proximal convoluted tubule

The functional unit of the kidney

nephron

A group of modified epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule that touch juxtaglomerular cells. Are able to adjust blood pressure, thus increasing urine pressure.

Macula Densa

Inferior, voluntary sphnicter controlled by somatic nerves. this is what is trained with children.

external urethral sphnicter

The ____________ innervation to the kidney has no known effect.

parasympathetic

____ is passive movement of substances from the blood within the glomerulus, creating filtrate.

Glomerular filtration

The ___ is subdivided into the renal pyramids.

medulla

The juxtaglomerular apparatus work with the macula densa to

regulate blood pressure.

Juxtaglomerular cells release ____, activating a pathway that produces aldosterone.

renin

The kidneys secrete _____, which increases the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.

erythropoietin

Long loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons extend deep into the renal medulla and are associated with _____.

vasa recta

The major calyces combine to form the _____.

renal pelvis

The minor calyces merge to form a _____.

major calyx

The ____ muscle of the muscularis propels urine.

detrusor

Nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons are to vasa recta as convoluted tubules of cortical nephrons are to ______.

peritubular capillaries

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Of the urethra, kidney, bladder, and ureter, which is the organ responsible for filtering the blood?

kidney

The outer layer of the kidney, just internal to the fibrous capsule, is the renal

cortex

Physically part of a nephron, each ____________ is also part of a tiny structure that helps regulate blood pressure and volume.

macula densa

Pyramid + ____ + cortex = renal lobe

column

Reabsorption is the movement of fluid and solutes from the tubular fluid into the ____ space.

capsular

Releases renin when the macula densa detects changes in ions and blood volume. Are modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole.

juxtaglomerular cells

The renal pelvis DOESNT convey urine directly to the ___.

urethra

The renal plexus that innervates each kidney includes all of the following except

the T10-T12 paravertebral ganglia

The structural unit of the kidney

Renal lobe

Superior, involuntary sphincter controlled by the detrusor muscle, which is innervated by the ANS.

internal urethral sphnicter

The superior ureters are innervated by the ___, while the inferior ureters are innervated by T11 - 12.

vagus

Tissue layers, from innermost to outermost, of the kidney

fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat

Tubular fluid from the proximal convoluted tubule next travels to the ____.

nephron loop

Tubular reabsorption is made possible by the hormones ___ from the hypothalamus and ___ from the adrenal glands.

ADH; aldosterone

The ureters and bladder are anchored to the abdominal wall by ____, except the top of the bladder which has serosa.

advetitia

Urine in the major calyx travels to the ____ next.

renal pelvis

What are all components of a nephron?

a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

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What three physical barriers must filtrate cross within the renal corpuscle?

glomerular endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes

Which arteries of the kidneys have no companion vessels?

segmental arteries

Which hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex in response to rising levels of angiotensin II, increases water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules?

aldosterone

Which part of the renal tubule is lined throughout its length by a simple cuboidal epithelium with sparse, short microvilli?

distal convoluted tubule

Which structures assist in producing more concentrated urine?

renal tubules and collecting ducts

Which tunic found in the walls of most digestive organs, and the urinary bladder, is missing from the walls of the ureters?

submucosa