Quizlet GIT

SLCC Anatomy CH 26- Digestive system Study online at quizlet.com/_1b7j2a 1.

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The ascending colon originates at the ____ valve, extending superiorly from the superior edge of the cecum.

ileocecal

18.

The ascending colon superiorly extends from the superior border of the cecum along the ____ ____ border of the abdominal cavity.

right lateral

19.

Because they are completely surrounded in visceral peritoneum, interperitoneal organs have an outermost tunic composed of areolar connective tissue with dispersed collagen and elastic fibers called

adventitia

Between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum, there is the _____.

peritoneal cavity

binds to vitamin B12 for absorption in the ileum

intrinsic factor

breaks down proteins

pepsin

the cardia and pylorus glands secrete protective, alkaline mucin produced by ____ and ____ cells.

Parietal and mucous neck cells

cells of the stomach that secrete HCl

parietal cells

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

cells that produce bile and decrease the size (not quantity) of fatty molecules

hepatocytes

The coronary ligament is an example of a ______, which is a peritoneal fold that attaches one organ to the anterior or lateral wall.

peritoneal ligament

26.

The ____ duct connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct.

cystic

27.

12.

Epithelium lining small intestine

simple columnar

13.

Epithelium lining the esophagus

stratified squamous

Final region of the small intestine, that ends at the ileocecal valve that enters into the large intestine

ileum

The first segment of the small intestine, where bile and pancreatic juice enter

duodenum

the four concentric layers of the GI tract, from innermost to outermost

muscosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia or serosa

31.

uvula

32.

9.

10.

11.

14.

15.

16.

17.

From the posterior region of the soft palate is the conical projection called the ____.

28.

29.

30.

The gallbladder has three tunics. Name these from deep to superficial.

inner submucosa, inner mucosa, and external serosa

Glands of the cardia and pylorus produce

protective, alkaline, mucin

glands of the fundus and body contain what cells the produce highly acidic secretion

all cell types

Glands of the fundus and body produce

highly acidic secretions

hormone that stimulates contractile activity and secretions from the parietal and chief cells

gastrin

Important accesory organs of the GI tract are the gallbladder, pancreas, and _____.

liver

___ ___ increase surface area through with nutrients can be efficiently absorbed. Are more numerous in the duodenum and jejunum, and least numerous in the ileum

Circular folds

The initial or first region of the large intestine is a blind sac called the ____.

cecum

_____ innervation promotes GI tract secretions and peristalsis, and relaxing sphincters; whereas sympathetic inhibits.

Parasympathetic

Intraperitoneal organs include

stomach; jejunum, and ileum of the small intestine; appendix; the transverse and sigmoid colon

____ is the internal opening where the cardia meets the esophagus.

Cardiac orifice

Large intestine movements are regulated by local ____ of the autonomic nervous system.

reflexes

Large intestine movements are regulated by local reflexes in the ____ nervous system.

autonomic

The large intestine originates at the _____ junction and terminates at the anus.

ileocecal

The largest of the salivary glands, producing only serous secretions, and is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.

parotid

The liver is covered by a connective tissue capsule and a layer of ____ peritoneum, except where the diaphragmatic region which is bare.

visceral

34.

liver to anterior internal wall

falciform ligament

35.

liver to diaphragm

coronary ligament

Lymphatic nodules in the wall of the ileum

Peyer patches

Lymphatic structures called MALT are found in the ____ and ____.

small intestine; appendix

The main pancreatic duct merges with the ______, and their contents empty into the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla.

common bile duct

Mass movements in the large intestine are called

gastrocolic reflex

a mixed gland of endocrine and exocrine functions, but mostly exocrine

pancreas

The muscularis of the stomach is composed of three layers. Name the layers from deep to superficial.

oblique, circular, longitudinal

____ nerves promote digestion, whereas ___ nerves inhibit.

Parasympathetic promotes, sympathetic inhibit

The oblique layer is best developed in the cardia and ____ of the stomach.

body

organs that are completely covered by visceral peritoneum

intraperitoneal organs

Organs that are described as being retroperitoneal, their outermost tunic has an additional layer of visceral peritoneum called

serosa

Organs that are external or posterior to the peritoneum, so only their anterolateral portions are covered

retroperitoneal organs

The pancreas is considered a mixed organ because it exhibits both ____ and ____ functions

exocrine; endocrine

Pancreatic juice is NOT responsible for

emulsifying fats

A potential space that lubricates both the body wall and organ surfaces, allowing organs to move freely

peritoneal cavity

70.

The primary region of the small intestine where chemical digestion and nutrient absorption happen

jejunum

71.

33.

36.

37.

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produce acidic mucin

mucous neck cells

Propulsion is the act of movement, when ___ creates ripples and ___ is back-andforth.

peristalsis, segmentation

the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

round ligament of the liver

Retroperitoneal organs include

most of the duodenum; pancreas; ascending and descending colon; rectum

right and left lobes of the liver are seperated by the

falciform ligament

56.

Sacs of the large intestine

haustra

57.

secrete gastrin

enteroendocrine cells

secrete hydorchloric acid and intrinsic factor

parietal cells

secrete mucin

surface mucin cells

The serous membrane that lines the inside surface of the body wall

parietal peritoneum

serous membrane that overs the individual organ

visceral peritoneum

The smallest of the salivary glands, producing both mucus and serous secretions.

sublingual

The small intestine is responsible for absorbing ___ of the nutrients and water.

most

64.

space between cheek and gum

vestibule

65.

spleen to kidney

lienorenal ligament

the structural AND functional units of the liver, each with a central vein that merges to from hepatic veins

hepatic lobules

Swallowing is also known as _____.

deglutition

Sympathetic innervation of the GI tract is responsible for

closing the pyloric syphincter

synthesize and secrete pepsinogen, which acid coverts into pepsin

chief cells

The three main plexuses of nerves are the

celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric

The three pairs of salivary glands are the submandibular, sublingual, and _____.

parotid

51. 52.

53.

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59. 60.

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63. 43.

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50.

66.

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72. 73.

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The three phases of swallowing are voluntary, pharyngeal, and _____.

esophageal

Three types of movements associated with the large intestine, from weakest to strongest

peristaltic, haustral churning, and mass movements

When chewed, food is mixed with saliva and turned into a balled substance called

bolus

where esophagus meets pharynx

superior esophageal syphincter

where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm and connects to the stomach

esophageal hiatus