Quizlet 5 Embryo Lec

(Embryology) Chapter 5: approaches to development: cell and molecular biology technique Study online at quizlet.com/_1ldqqr 1.

Birefringence

When components alter the plane of polarization

2.

Charged coupled devices (CCDs)

Cameras that contain array of pixels each of which can be filled with electrons, 24 bit color image, 8 bit for each color - red, green and blue

3.

4.

5.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

19.

Fluorochrome

Fluorescent substance

20.

Fusion protein

Polypeptide fused to other proteins

21.

Histological sections

Thin slices of the specimens that can be stained for viewing of structure

22.

Hybridomas

Hybrid cells Capable of both antibody production and also growth without limit in vitro

23.

Immunoprecipitation

Method of isolating the protein recognized by a specific antibody

24.

In situ hybridization

Reveals the region of a specimen where a specific mRNA is present

25.

MicroArrays

Enables examination of large numbers of gene products

26.

Microtome

For Sectioning of wax and specimens

27.

Multiphoton microscopy

Provide better optical sectioning of fluorescent specimen than the confocal,light source is less than the required to excite the fluorochrome, two or more photons strike one fluorochro e simultaneously

28.

Northern blotting

1Oldest and least sensitive technique Number and size of mRNA Total mRNA through gel electrophoresis

29.

Perdurance

Persistance of a gene activity after the gene expression has stopped

30.

Phase contrast microscope

Technique that converts small differences of refractive index within the specimen into large differences of light intensity, favored for living cells, isolated gametes, and transparent embryos

31.

Polarization microscopry

Place specimens across polaroid filters

32.

Proteomics

Analysis of proteins

33.

Real time PCR

Particular parts of an antigen molecule that are recognized by the antibody

More quantitative measurement of specific mRNA levels

34.

Reporter genes

Showing how the intensity of fluorescence varies with the excitation wavelength

Encode some easily detectable products, to monitor some particular aspects of event in the organism

35.

reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

Standard method for detecting and measuring mRNA

36.

RNA-Seq

Refers to the ability to measure the compowition of the entire transciptome

37.

Time-lapse imaging

For viewing morphogenic movemnt of cells

38.

Transmitted light

Light for viewing whole mounts

39.

Vital dyes

Extracellular labels

Shearing chromatin to fragments of about 500 nucleotides in length, the immunkprecipitating with antibody

Compound microscope

For viewing series sections, or small whole mounts, x40 to x1000, invert image because of extra lens

Confocal scanning microscope

Viewing fluorescence wih thicker wholemounts, uses a laser for illumination so excitation is achieved with just the single wavelength charactheristics of the laser

6.

Cryostat

Microtome in a cooled chambers

7.

Dark-field microscopy

Depends on illumination from a very oblique angle that only points within the specimen that scatter light extensively are visible

8.

Dehydration

In order to infiltate the cells with wax Ethanol

9.

Differential interference contrast

Also known as nomarski optics, converts small differences of refractive index into an apparent difference in height, provides sharp resolution

10.

Disscting microscope

3d image, binocular microscope, aids in microsurgery or microinjection, x10 to x50

11.

Electron microscopy

More magnification, 3 dimensional

Emission spectrum

Shows how intensity of emitted fluorescence is distributed across the wavelength spectrum

12.

13.

14.

Epitopes Excitation spectrum

15.

Fiberoptic light

Cold but illuminating light

16.

Fixation

Killing of specimens for slide preparation Formalin Glutaraldehyde

17.

Fluorescence microscopy

Includes fluorescent antibody staining, fluorescentin situ hybridization(FISH), and visualization of fluorochromes

18.

Fluorescent dxtrans

Common intracellular labels

40.

Western blot

Shows the content of a specific proteins