Química Orgánica - Sem-11 - Sesión-11 - 2021-2

 

T\ÉIJ@D H^AÄOJ@D

Plidod Plido d 44 - Plsjðo 44  ‐  >2>4-JJ

 

Cépjmhs @urshs Näsj`hs Näsj`hs ml ml @jlo`jds Plsjðo Plsjð o 44

 

CHA^H CHA ^H ML PLP PLPJÐO JÐO ML ML DR^LO DR^LOMJWDG MJWDGL L lstumjdotl l rl`hoh`l cd  Dc ejodcjzdr cd slsjðo, lc lstumjdot ehrid`jðo ehrid `jðo ml chs cépjmhs cépjmhs sdphojej sdphojej`dncl `dnclss y chs ohinrd ohinrd i lmjdotl chs cd `hipulsths ohilo`cdqujrdcls turd J\yRdqujrdcls. D@. Dsjijsih, mjelrlo`jd

 

DALOMD 4. Cé Cépj pjmh mhs. s. >. ]j ]jphs phs ml cépjmhs7 cépjmhs7 Pdphojej`dncls Pdphojej`dncls l josdphojej`dncls. 0. =. .¸]hmhs chs cépjmhs lo oulstrh hradojsih sho jaudcls8 0.¸Tuê 0. ¸Tuê rlcd`jðo tjlol chs mltlralotls ’D`l’, –Nhcjvdr’ u htrds htrds idr`ds, idr`ds, `ho chs gdnhols8 gdnhols8

 

^l`hrmlihs lihs ch dprlo dprlomjmh mjmh ^l`hrm Ä`jmhs

Ohtd`jðo ouiêrj`d

p.e. (²@)

Ä`jmh lstlärj`h Ä`jmh hclj`h

4672 4674(:)

5: 4<

Ä`jmh cjohclj`h Ä`jmh cjohcêoj`h Ä`. Drdquémj`h

467>(:,4>) 4670(:,4>,4272

-< -44 12.=(2772 >>75(=,1,42,40,45,4:)

-222* Jostjtuth ]l`ohcðaj`h ]l`ohcðaj`h Rlsqulrh mlc Rlr÷ (J]R) Mjrl``jðo ml Jovlstjad`jðo y Mlsdrrhcch Rhr7 Joa. Dcnlrth Pdcds, Joa. Idréd L. Dydcd, Ncah. Ijaulc Jovlstjad`jðo Ijaulc Dcnrl`ft

 

Rrhpjlmdm jlmdmls ls quéij quéij`ds7 `ds7 7 Rrhp Fjmrhalod`jðo7 @F>-H@H(@F>)1@F>-@F>(@F>)1-@F0

@F>-H@H(@F>)1@F9@F @F9@F-(@F -(@F>)1-@F0

(@F>)1H@H  ‐ @  ‐ F

(@F>)1 - H@H ‐ @   ‐ F + 0F>

@F || @F | (@F>)1 | @F0

@F>-H@H(@F>)1@F9@F @F9@F(@F (@F>)1-@F0

]rjhcljc ml acj`lrjod h acj`lrhc (]rjhcldth ml acj`lrjch)

@F> | @F> | (@F>)1 | @F0

@F>-H@H(@F>)1@F>-@F>-(@F>)1-@F0

 

FDCHALOD@JÐO Chs fdcðalohs pulmlo dmj`jhodrsl d cds josdturd`jhols qul phsllo cds `dmlods `drnhodmds ml chs ä`jmhs ardshs. Ohs plrijtl mjdaohstj`dr y `udo `u dotj tjej ej`d `drr jo josd sdtu turd rd`j `jho hols ls.. Lc fd fdcð cðal aloh oh iä iäss ut utjc jcjz jzdm dmh h ls lc yhm hmh. h. @ ‐ @ @9@ + J> J J

ÉOMJ@L ML ZHMH ZHMH (J.J) Cds ardsds h d`ljtls oh sdturdmhs dc rld``jhodr `ho lc yhmh, suerlo cd rupturd ml uoh ml chs locd`ls () y sl dmj`jhodo dc `drnhoh hcleéoj`h. •Pl mlejol `hih éomj`l ml yhmh, dc o÷ilrh lo ardihs ml yhmh qul sl `hinjodo `ho 422 a ml ardsd h d`ljtl. d`ljtl .

 

 Dpcjqulihs ch dprlom dprlomjmh jmh Pj lc éomj`l ml yhmh ml>2 uodardihs iulstrd ls 402, `uäoths ardihs ml yhmh slräo ol`lsdrjhs pdrd mlcjpémj`d iulstrd.

402 a J>  XXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX x >2 a cépjmh 422 a cépjmh

9

>5 a J>

 

 Dpcjqulihs ch dprlom dprlomjmh jmh ¸@uäot ¸@uäoths ml hcjvd8 yhmh (J.J.964). prhilmjh, prhilm jh, slräo slräo ol`lsdrjhs ol`lsdrjhs pdrd fdcha fdchalodr lodr 42 ardihshsardihs mlardihs d`ljtl ml

64 a J>  XXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX x 42 a cépjmh 422 a cépjmh

9

6,4 a J>

 

 Dpcjqulihs ch dprlom dprlomjmh jmh @dc`ucdr lc o÷ilrh ð ihcls ml mhncls, ihc ml d`jcacj`lrhc, sjc 0< ar ardi dihs hs ml cécépj pjmh mh `hosuil `hosu illocd`ls 2,> 2, > ih ihcl clss ml phr yhmh yh mh. . Rl Rlsh shuoih ihcl cl`u `ucd cdrr ml mlc d`jcacj`lrhc ls 122 uid. 0< a cépjmh  XXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX

2,2< ihc cépjmh

9

122 a  XXXXXX ihc 2,> ihc J>  XXXXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXX XXXXX 2,2< ihc cépjmh

x

4 ihc locd`ls mhncls  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 4 ihc J>

9

= ihc ml locd`ls mhncls  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ihc cépjmh

   

 Dpcjqulihs ch dprlom dprlomjmh jmh Pj ml plsh ihcl`ucdr 66= uid `hotjlol shcdilotl ä`jmh cjohclj`h. ¸@uäoth ls lc lc trjd`jcacj`lrhc J.J8

ä`jmh cjohclj`h

5 ihcls locd`ls mhncls

4 ihc cépjmh 4 ihc J> >  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX X x  XXXXXXXXXX x  XXXXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXXXX x  XXXXXXX 66= a cépjmh 4 ihc locd`l mhncl 4 ihc cépjmh 4 ihc J> 41>,= a J>

4,1>= a J>  XXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXX XXXXX

9

x

422

9

 XXXXXXXXXXXX

J.J 9 41>,=

4,1>= aXXXX J>  XXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXX a cépjmh

a cépjmh

x

422

422 a cépjmh

 

 Dpcjqulihs ch dprlom dprlomjmh jmh @dc`ucdr lc o÷ilrh prhilmjh ð ihcls ml locd`ls mhncls qul tlomrä uod ihc d`jcacj`lrhc, sj 12 a ml iulstrd `hosuil 02=.6 a ml yhmh. Pl `hoh`l qul lc plsh ihcl`ucdr ls 122.

12 a cépjmh  XXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX

2,4 ihc cépjmh

9

02=,6 a J> XXX  XXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXX

ihc

ihc

2,4 ihc cépjmh

4,> ihc J>

> ihc J>  XXXXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXX XXXXX

9

x

4 ihc locd`ls mhncls  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 4 ihc J>

9

4> ihc ml locd`ls mhncls ihc cépjmh

 

Fjmrðcjsjs dc`dcjod h sdphojej`d`jðo Cd fjmrðcjsjs dc`dcjod sdphojej`d`jðo prhmu`lo prhmu`lo sdcls ml ä`jmhs ä`jmhs ardshs (gdnhols). Cds ardsds h d`ljtls sl pulmlo fjmrhcjzdr fjmrhcjzdr phr cds rutds ä`jmds, ä`jmds, dc`dcj dc`dcjods ods h lozjiätj`ds. lozjiätj`ds. Cd fjmrðcjsjs ä`jmd h lozjiätj`d (cjpdsds) prhmu`lo ä`jmh ä`jmh `drnhxécj`h y acj`lrhc.

 

FJM^ÐCJPJP NÄPJ@D H DC@DCJOD (PDRHOJEJ@D@JÐO) (PDRHOJEJ@D@JÐO)

fttp7//dirjtd.hcdns.lmu.jo/8sun910&nr`f90&sji944:&`ot9=

ACJ@L^HC

 

ÉOMJ@L ML PDRHOJEJ@D@JÐ PDRHOJEJ@D@JÐO O (JP)

Éomj`l ml s dph phojej` ojej`d d`j `jðo ðo (JP ) 7O÷ilrh ml ijcjardihs ml KHF

ol`lsdrjhs pdrd

sdphojej`dr 4 a ml ardsd h d`ljtl

4. Pj lc éomj`l ml sdphojej`d`jðo sdphojej`d`jðo ml uod iul iulstrd strd ml trjd`jcacj`lrhc trjd`jcacj`lrhc h acj`êrjmh ls ml >22, `uäoths ardihs ml KHF slräo ol`lsdrjhs pdrd sdphojej`dr 02 a ml iulstrd8 >22 ia KHF  XXXXXXXXXXXX x 02 a cépjmh  XXXXXXXXXXXX

9

5222 ia KHF

4 a cépjmh

4 a KHF 5222 ia KHF x XXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXX XX 4222 ia KHF

9

5 a KHF

 

ÉOMJ@L ML PDRHOJEJ@D@JÐ PDRHOJEJ@D@JÐO O (JP) >. Pj >22 ardihs ardihs ml iulstrd cjpémj`d– cjpémj`d–D’ D’ `hosuil 02 ardihs ml K KHF, HF, `uäoth slrä su JP8 Pj 02 ardihs ml iulstrd cjpémj`d–N’ `hosuil 4< ardihs ml K KHF, HF, `uäoth slrä su JP8 ¸@uäc ml cds mhs iulstrds tjlol idyhr o÷ilrh ml ä`jmhs ardshs8 02 a KHF x XXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXXXXX 4222 ia KHF XXX 4 a KHF

9

02222 ia KHF

02222 ia KHF  XXXXXXXXXXXX  XXXXXXXXX XXX >22 a cépjmh

9

420.:4:2

Hnslrvd`jhols

D`ljtl Ardsd

 

D@@JÐO ML]L^ALO]L LO]L MLC GD GDNÐO NÐO D@@JÐO ML]L^A Lo cd lstru`turd mlc gdnðo lo`hotrdihs mhs pdrtls7 uod fjmrheðnj`d (dphcdr) y uo lxtrlih fjmrheécj`h (phcdr) shcuncl lo daud (–doejpätj`hs’).

@HH- Od+ Oh phcd phcdr  r 

Rhcdr 

Lc gdnðo ilmjh d`uhsh ml sl `jloths darupd ml ehridomh cds ml ij`lcds ij`lcds, `dmd uod –mjsulcth ml lccds  lo lstäo `hostjtujmds ihcê`ucds gdnðo, mjspulsths ml tdc idolrd qul cd pdrtl oh phcdr sl lo`ulotrd dc `lotrh ml cd ij`lcd’.

Gdnðo mjsulcth lo daud ehrido ij`lcds

 

``jðo o cj cji ipj pjddmh mhrd rd mlc gdn gdnðo ðo D``jð

 

EHPEHCÉRJMHP

Pl lo lo`u `ulo lotr trdo do pr prls lslo lotl tlss lo th thmd mdss cd cdss `ê `êcu cucd cdss do doji jidc dcls ls y vl vlal altd tdcl cls, s, lspl`jdcilotl lo lc `lrlnrh. Lsths sho `hipholotls jiphrtdotls ml chs o÷`c o÷ `clh lhs, s, ij ij`r `rhs hshi hids ds y ij ijth th`h `hom omrj rjds ds.. Ch Chss eh ehse sehc hcép épjm jmhs hs su sulc lclo lo ls lstd tdr  r  `hinjodmhs lo cds `êcucds `ho prhtléods. Ls cd prjo`jpdc `cdsl ml cépjmhs ml cds ilinrdods. Pho ihcê`ucds plqulôds lo cd rlcd`jðo `ho cds prhtléods. Chs ehsehcépjmhs sl `drd`tlrjzdo phr mhs `dmlods `dmlo ds cdtlrdc cdtlrdcls ls ml ä`jmhs ardshs –`hcd’  uojmh d uo aruph phcdr ehsehrjcdmh eulrtlilotl fjmrheécj`h –`dnlzd’.

 

EHPEHCÉRJMHP Acj`hcépjmhs

@jthpcdsid Rrhtléo éodd EZDM EZ DM - Mlrl` Mlrl`fhs fhs rlslrvdm rlslrvdmhs hs

ilinr nrddod `l `lcu cucd cdrr >=

 

EHPEHCÉRJMHP

V9F

ä`jmh ehsedtémj`h @F0

-@F>-@F>-O-@F0 @hcjod @F 0

Ehsedtjmjc `hcjod (cl`jtjod)7 ls lc iäs dnuomdotl lo `dsj thmds cds ilinrdods ml chs chs idiéelrhs. Rhr fjmrðcjsjs dc`dcjod (äc`dcj `ho`lotrdmh) prhmu`l acj`lrhc, gdnhols, ehsedth sðmj`h y `hcjod. Chs ehsehcépjmhs odturdcls sho ðptj`dilotl d`tjvhs

 

EHPEHCÉRJMHP

 

Acj`hcépjmhs •  Pho cépjmhs qul tjlol uo ac÷`jmh lo cd lstru`turd. Chs acj`hcépjmhs h acu`hcépjmhs h

acj`htlrjds. Jotlrvjlolo lo lc prh`lsh ml trdoselrlo`jd ml lcl`trhols jipcj`dmhs lo cd eht ehths hséot éotls lsjs js,, `h `hih ih `h `hiph iphol olot otl l ls lstru tru`t `turd urdcc qul plr plrijt ijtl l ido idotl tlol olrr ch chss pjailoths ml cd ihcê`ucd lo hrmlo lspl`éej`h, jotlrvjlolo lo cd njhséotlsjs ml chs cépjmhs lotrl htrds euo`jhols.

 

@CDPJEJ@ D@JÐO O ML ML CHP CHP JPÐI JPÐIL^HP L^HP @CDPJEJ@D@JÐ Jshilréd

Jshilréd lstru`turdch`hostjtu`jhodc Mjejlrlo locd loc d `hol`tjvjmdm

ml euo`jðo ]jlolo aruphs euo`jhodcls mjstjoths

ml phsj`jðo lc aruph euo`jhodc ls lc ijsih plrh lstäo lo htrd phsj`jðo

 

Lstlrlhjshilréd Mjej Mjejlrlolo lrlolo cd hrjl hrjlotd` otd`jðolspd`j jðolspd`jdc dc

ml`dm ml `dmlod lod Ijs Ijsiharupheuo`jhodcplrh iharupheuo`jhodcplrh cdehri cd ehridd mlc mlcdd `dml `dmlodvdré odvdrédd

@hoejaurd`jhodc

@hoehrid`jhodc

 Oh sl pulmlo jotlr`hovlrtjr ilmjdotl uo ajrh

Rulmlo jotlr`hovlrtjrsl  phr ajrh shnrl locd`l slo`jcch

Ðptj`d

Alhiêtrj`d Jsði Jsðilrh lrhss `jsy `js y trdos

Lodotjðilrhs

Mjdstlrlhjsðilrhs

Pho jiäalols

 Oh audrmdo

lspl`ucdrls oh suplrphojncls

rlcd`jðo ml jidalo lspl`ucdr 

 

JPHIL^ÉDÐR]J@D • L \o hlsmtll cthjpshtjsplhslom`lulsottlrdrlohjscdðsii lrhhcês`luscdlsc qjuslði tj`j`hd. shlorhqðupéi

y eésj`dilotl jmêotj`ds lx`lpth cd cuz phcdrjzdmd y d`tjvhs.

phr su jotlrd``jðo` o`h ho rld`tjvhs ðptj`dilotl

Llsstphls`juscðdi lo ji rllsrhosh ssuhpolrph otjrnlclssé y ph r äcahloltsdoth tjlolo mjel mj elrl rlot otls ls d` d`tj tjvj vjmd mdml mlss nj njhc hcða ðaj`d j`dss

 

Jiäalols lspl`u l`ucdrl cdrlss Jiäalols lsp

Chs sjstlids njhcðaj`hs sho `dpd`ls ml mjstjoaujr chs lodotjðilrhs ml iu`fhs `hipulsths dsjiêtrj`hs.

 

Lodotjðilrhs

 

@FH

@FH FH

 

F

HF

F

@

@

@F>HF

@F>HF

@FH

@FH FH

F

F

HF

@F>HF

@F>HF

 

 

JO]LA^LIHP CH DR^LOMJMH

 

CÉRJMHP

¸Tuê sho chs cépjmhs8 ¸D`jcacj`lrhcl s8 ¸Ehsehcépjmhs8 ¸Ä`jmhs ardshs8 Jomj`l ml Jhmh y Pdphojej`d`jðo ¸Fjmrðcjsjs

Jsðilrh s

8

 

 D@]JU JUJM JMDM DMDPJO DPJO@^ÐO @^ÐOJJ@D  D@] R rðx rðxjid jid s li lid dod od77 @ ul ulss tjhod jhodrjrjh h O  44 • R rðx rðxjid jid s li lid dod od77 L vd vdccud ud`j `jðo ðo `hotjoud `hotjoud L@ L @ 0 . Cd C d fhrd y méd mé d  s lr lrä ä ejejgdmd gdmd phr lc M h` h`lotl. lotl. •

²  ² 

 

I\@FDP A^D@JDP

@urshs Näsj`hs Näsj`hs ml @jlo`jds Plsjðo 44