Question for Review

Question for review in Chromatography and Separation Science

Chapter 1 Relating Chromatography Chromatography to Separations 1. Define Define sepa separat ration ion and and chrom chromatog atograp raphy hy.. 2. How are are chroma chromatography tography and separati separations ons related related to each each other? other? 3. What differ differentiate entiates s chromatograp chromatographic hic methods methods from from related related separatio separation n methods? methods? 4.

Define selectivity and detectability. detectability. Chapter 2 Simple Separation Methods

1. Define Define distri distribut bution ion coeffi coefficie cient. nt. 2.

Two grams of Benzoic acid are dissolved in 200 ml of water and extracted with 200 ml of diet diethy hyll ethe etherr. The The dist distri ribu buti tion on coef coeffi fici cien entt of benzo benzoic ic acid acid is 100, 100, and and its its dissociation constant is 6.5× 10-5. Calculate the distribution ratio (D) of benzoic acid at pH 2, 5, and 6.

3. Calculate Calculate D at pH pH 2 to 10 (1 (1 unit apart) apart) in the above problem problem,, and plot plot D versus versus pH. 4. Descri Describe be the the operati operation on of the the Craig Craig appara apparatus tus.. Chapter.3 Equilibrium Processes in Separations 1. Defi Define ne phas phase e rule rule.. 2. Derive Derive equations equations for: for: (a) Capacity Capacity factor factor (b) (b) Separation Separation factor factor.. Chapter 4 The Molecular Basis Basis of Separation 1. Define Define and explain explain the follow following ing:: a. Inter Intermo mole lecu cula larr inter interac actio tions ns b. Deby Debye e int inter erac acti tion ons s c. Disp Disper ersi sion on inte intera ract ction ions s d. Speci Specifi fic c inte intera racti ction ons s 2. Describe Describe briefly briefly the the solubility solubility parame parameter ter theory theory for regular regular soluti solutions. ons. 3.

Derive the Martin equation, and explain its importance Chapter 5 Mass Transport Transport and Separation

1.

Define diffusion and bulk motion. Discuss similarities and differences.

2. Provide Provide equat equation ions s for Fick’ Fick’s s first first and second second laws. laws. 3. Disc Discus uss s the the usefu usefuln lnes ess s of the Wilk Wilke-C e-Cha hang ng equat equatio ion n for for predi predicti cting ng diff diffus usic icit ity y in liquids. Chapter 6 Chromatographic Methods 1. Defin Define e chro chroma matog togra raph phy y. 2. List various various forms forms of chromatogr chromatography aphy,, and different differentiate iate the from from each other other by shourt shourt descriptions. 3. Provide Provide a simple simple form of the can Deemter Deemter equatio equation, n, and describe describe its usefuln usefulness ess in chromatographic separations. Chapter 7 Paper Chromatography 1. Define Define paper paper chroma chromatogr tography aphy..

2.

Describe various modes of chromatography.

3. What are the advantages offered by paper chromatography? 4. Name some universal detection reagents for paper chromatography. Chapter 8 Thin-Layer Chromatography 1. Define TLC. What advantage does it offer over paper chromatography? 2. List various modes of TLC. 3. How does normal-phase TLC differ from reversed-phased TLC? 4. Provide some universal detection reagents fro TLC. Chapter 9 Gas Chromatography 1. Define gas-liquid chromatography, and explain hoe it differs from gas-solid chromatography. 2. Hoe do you select a stationary phase for a given sample? 3. Which detector offers the greatest sensitivity for the most samples, and why? 4. Discuss briefly Rohrschneider and McReynolds constants. Chapter 10 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 1. List various modes of chromatography. Which mode of chromatography is most commonly used in HPLC? 2.

How can you vary

α

values in RPLC?

3. Describe various approaches to solvent optimization in RPLC. 4.

List some of the common additives for RPLC. Chapter 11 Evolving Methods and Method Selection

1. List new evolving methods. 2. Describe briefly the advantages and limitations of the following methods: 

Capillary electrophoresis



Supercritical fluid chromatography



Field flow fractionation

3. Why are separation methods for chiral compounds unique? What can we learn from them?