Quantity Surveying Lecture 1
August 19, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download Quantity Surveying Lecture 1...
Description
RNK] GS [PKE]G]W SPZQ@WGEB8
•
[ukety Surv`ygeb gs k \rha`ssghe ge chestruche gemustry, wn`r` tn` i`kre`m prha`ssghekis wgii chetrgjut` ge Ckicuikeb tn`, [uke`s r`qugr`m ahr tn` prhf`ct, ahr vkrghus whros igo` igo` chst `sckikhe, jumb`t ckicuikhe, d` ckicuikhe ckicuikhe kem jgii ha quke`s, jgii pr`pkrkhes kem jgii c`rckhes kem dkey dhr`
RNW [PKE]G]W SPZQ@WGEB8 •
Fhj hpphrtueg`s wgii kiwk kiwkys ys j` kvkgikji` ahr k qukety surv`yhr wgtnge ikrb` chestruche chestruche rds, krcngt`ctur krcng t`ctur` ` rds, ikw rds, bhv`red`etki kb`ecg`s kem chestruche kmvgshry rds. ]n`s` kr` heiy k a`w ha tn` dkey pikc`s wn`r` kvkgikji` kvkgikji` fhj hpphrtueg`s hpphrt ueg`s dky `xgst ahr qukig`m qukety surv`yhrs. ]ngs prha`ssghe nks j``e prhv`e th j` k vkiukji` kss`t th key prhf`ct hr rd tnkt e``ms prhf`cts th j` hv`rs``e hv`rs``e kem jugimgebs th j` ge chdpigkec` wgtn kii chm`s. K qukety surv`yhr nks j``e prhv`e prhv`e th j` ha utdhst gdphrtkec` th k wgm` vkrg`ty vkrg`ty ha chdpkeg`s kem kb`ecg`s krhuem tn` whrim.
•
]n`gr sogiis kr` ngbniy vkiukji` kem tn` dhr` w`ii rhuem`m tn`y kr` ge tn`gr cnhs`e `im, tn` dhr` tn`y wgii j` e``m`m. ]n`y kr` kr` kmvgs`rs kem kr` w`ii mgv`rsg`m mgv`rsg`m ge k vkrg`ty ha ikws ks w`ii ks chestruche ksp`cts. ksp`cts. K m`br`` ge tngs `im cke prhv` dhst dhst vkiukji` j`ckus` ha tn` dke dkey y mg`r`et pktns he` chuim pursu` k ckr``r ge. Hjtkgegeb Hjtkgeg eb ke kccr`mgt`m m`br`` kem tn` e`c`sskry prha`ssgheki prha `ssgheki c`rckhes c`rckhes ge tngs `im wgii c`rtkgeiy dko` dko` tn` succ`ssaui prha`ssgheki prha`ssgheki vgrtukiiy gemgsp`eskji`.
R[uketgty nkt gs k Surv`yhr ([S)8
ZHI@ HA [PKE]G]W SPZQ@WHZ • • • • • •
N`r` gs suddkrgz`m qukety surv`yhr mu`s kem fhj`m m`scrgphes. ]n` pr`pkrkhe ha Jgiist kem Scn`mui`s ha [uke`s ha dkt`rgkis, ikjhur kem s`rvgc`s r`qugr`m r`qugr ge tn` chestruche kem `qugpd`et `qugpd`e ha jugimgeb, hr `ebge``rgeb whros. Qgsgt jugimgeb sgt`s th dhegthr prhbr`ss. prhbr`ss. \r`pkrgeb t`em`r kem chetrkct mhcud`ets, geciumgeb geciumg eb jgiis ha quke`s wgtn tn` krcngt`ct hr tn` cig`et. \r`pkrkhe ha sp`cgckhes wn`e r`qugr`m sh th mh. Pem`rtkogeb chsts kekiysgs ahr r`pkgr kem dkget`ekec` prhf`ct whro. Kssgseb ge `stkjigsngeb k cig`et‗s r`qugr`d`ets kem uem`rtkogeb a`ksgjgigty stumg`s.
• • • • • • •
\`rahrdgeb rgso kem vkiu` dkekb`d`et kem chst chetrhi. \r`pkrgeb kem kekiysgeb chsebs ahr t`em`rs. Kmvgsgeb he prhcur`d`et strkt`by. Gm`eaygeb, Gm`eayge b, kekiysgeb kem m`v`ihpgeb r`sphes`s th chdd`rcgki chdd`rcgki rgsos. Kiihckeb whro th sujchetrkcthrs. \rhvgmgeb kmvgc` he chetr chetrkctuki kctuki cikgds. Kekiysgeb hutchd`s kem wrgeb m`tkgi`m prhbr`ss prhbr`ss r`phrts.
• • • • • • •
Qkiugeb chdpi`t`m whro kem krrkebgeb pkyd`ets. Dkgetkgegeb kwkr`e`ss ha tn` mg`r`et jugimgeb chetrkcts ge curr`et us`? Pem`rstkemgeb tn` gdpigckhes ha n`kitn kem ska`ty r`buikhes. Kr`ks r`qugrgeb dhr` sp`cgkigs`m oehwi`mb` gecium`6 H`rgeb kmvgc` he prhp`rty tkxkhe. \rhvgmgeb phst-hccupkecy phst-hccupkecy kmvgc`, akcgig`s dkekb`d`et s`rvgc`s kem iga` cyci` chseb kmvgc`. Kssgseb cig`ets ge ihckeb kem kcc`ssgeb kmmgheki kem kit`rekv` shurc`s ha auems. @ekjigeb cig`ets th gegkt` chestruche prhf`cts.
•
Kmvgsgeb he tn` dkget`ekec` chsts ha sp`cgc jugimgebs.
•
Ckicuikt`s tn` kdhuet ha dkt`rgkis e``m`m
•
Dkek ki chsts ts ks kssh wgtn kiiDk tekb` ypb` `s kii hai chs chshcg escgkt trkt`m uc`m tghewgtn prhf`cts
•
Chdd`rcgki kem prkctgcki `i`d` `i` d`et etss ha che chest struc ructgh tghee
\rgvkt` prkctgc`, ahr ihcki kutnhrgtg`s hr ahr k chetrkcthr.
Rnkt mh [uketgty Surv`yhr mh8 •Kppiy jugimgeb `chehdgcs kem prhvgm` `stgdkt`s kt pikeegeb
stkb`. •\r`pkr` tn` Jgii ha [uketgtg`s arhd pikes, m`scrgjgeb m`scrgjgeb tn`
dkt`rgki, gt`ds ha whro kem tn` quketgtg`s r`qugr`m. •Kekiyz` t`em`rs, pr`pkr` kem kekiyz` chst mktk, kss`ss vkrgktghes, e`bhtgkt` cikgds, vkiu` chdpi`x structur`s kem jugimgebs. •Chestructghe Chst Chesuitkets, Jugimgeb / Chestructghe
@chehdgsts, Chst @ebge``rs hr @stgdkthrs.
• ]yp`s kem auectghe ha mrkwgebs - [uketgty surv`yhr mrkw jksgc strkgbnt hr curv` ige` ahr c`rtkge d`ksur`d`et.
• Stkb`s tnkt gevhiv`s ge k [uketgty Surv`yhr -J`ahr` k prhf`ct stkrts, tn` prhf`ct dkekb`r wgii ngr` k quketgty surv`yhr wngcn gs n`ip th ckicuikt` tn` `stgdktgeb jumb`t kem dkt`rgkis ahr tn` wnhi` prhf`ct. - [uketgty Surv`yhr gevhiv`m gevhiv`m ge `v`ry pkrts ha
chestructghe.
]n` vkrghus stkb`s ha chst pikeegeb murgeb tn` m`sgbe & chestructghe pnks`s \r`igdgekry @stgdkt`
Chst \ike Chst Cn`co
Psgeb k sgebi`-prgc` d`tnhm ha `stgdktgeb
Jks`m uphe `i`d`etki kekiysgs `vhivgeb chst tkrb`t @vkiuktgeb tn` m`sgbe ge t`rd ha tn` chst tkrb`t
]`em`r Z`checgiktghe
Chdpkrgshe ha tn` kcc`pt`m t`em`r wgtn Chdpkrgshe tn` ageki chst pike
\hst-Chetrkct \hst-Ch etrkct Chst Chetrhi
]n` chetrhi ha chst murgeb chestructghe
\r \rhv hvgm gm` ` au auii ii @s @sttgd gdk ktg tgeb eb kem ]`e `em m`r `rge gebb shi shiut utgghe hess th cig ig` `et ets, s, geciumgeb DkgeChetrkcthrs kem Suj-Chetrkcthrs.
@stgdktgeb & ]`em`rgeb ahr Dkge Chetrkcthrs & Chetrkcthrs •Jugim`rs
Suj-
[uketgtg`s prhmuc`m arhd mrkwgebs
kem sp`cgagcktghes •\r`pkrktghe kem sujdgssghe ha kccurkt` chdp`tgtgv` `stgdkt`s •Ahiihwgeb up he sujdgtt`m t`em`rs th s`cur` prhf`cts ahr • E`bhtgk tgeb su suj jd gttCig`ets `m chetrkcts
QKIPK]GHE \rhvgm` ke kccurkt` m`tkgi`mthrs vkiuktghes pkyd`et shiutghe ahr chetrkcthrs kem kem suj-chetrkc suj-chetrkcthrs ge hrm`r/ kppigcktghes th vkiu` tn` ahr whros chdpi`t`m hesgt` kem th `esur` tnkt tn` whro chdpi`t`m gs pkgm ahr. ]n` Qkiuktghes s`rvgc` wngcn w` prhvgm` th dkge chetrkcthrs kem sujchetrkcthrs.
\Z@\KZGEB QKIPK]GHE • \r`igdgekrg`s • D`ksur`m whros • Qkiuktghe ha krcngt`ct's gestructghes hr vkrgktghes • Qkiuktghe ha ehdgekt`m sujchetrkcthrs kem suppig`rs • Peagx`m dkt`rgkis he sgt` kem, wn`r` kiihwkji`, dkt`rgkis dkt`rgkis
haa-sgt` • Aiuctuktghe Aiuctuktghes, s, wn`r` tn`y kr` kiihw`m wgtnge tn` chetrkct prhvgsghes
Rnkt gs ]`em`r 8
]`em`r 6 prhc`ss sujdgttgeb k prhphski \r`pkr`m jy 6 chdp`tgeb agrd ahr tn`r` jgmmgeb th b`t tn` chestructghe
•K ogem ha chetrkct dhstiy ahiihw`m jy pujigc chdpkeg`s. Rn`e Rn`e bhv`red`et wket th chestruct jgb prhf`cts. • ]n` bhv`red`et kso th t h bgv` tn`r` quhtktghe kem stkrt tn` jgmmgeb prhc`ss.
]`em`rs mhcud`ets dky gecium`6 • K i`tt`r ha gevgtktghe th t`em`r •\r`igdgekrg`s6 geciumgeb pr`-chestructghe
geahrdktghe kem sgt` wkst` dkekb`d`et pike •]n` ahrd ha chetrkct, chetrkct chemgtghes kem
kd`emd`ets • K t`em`r prgcgeb mh mhcud`et (hr chetrkct sud kekiysgshe m`sg sgbbek ekeem jugim prhf`cts) • K mrkwgeb scn`mui` • M`sgbe mrkwgebs • Sp`cgagcktghes
Rn Rnkt kt gs t` t`em em`r `r mr mrkw kwge geb8 b8 • \rhmuc`m
jy ke \rha`ssghekis.
•Ps`m ahr `stgdktgeb hr prgcgeb tn` chst ha tn`
jugimgeb. • Gssu`m
•Gt
prhf`ct t`em`rgeb stkb`s.
gs kish k sujdgssghe dko` ke haa`r th tn` chetrkcthr.
@xkdpi` ha k Jgiis ha [uketgtg`s
(pr`pkr`m jy [S)
@xkdpi` ha Ckicuiktghe ha` a`ii`d`et ha [uketgty Surv`ygeb
Rnkt gs Chestructghe Mrkwgebs 8 • ]n` chestructghe mrkwgebs kr` tn` brkpngc & wrgtt`e r`chrm
ha m` m`cg cgsg sghe hess dk dkm` m` mu murg rgeb eb tn tn` ` m` m`sg sgbe be pr prhc hc`s `ss. s. ]n`y ]n `y chesgst ha tn` ageki mrkwgebs, m`tkgis m`tkgis kem sp`cgagcktghes sp`cgagcktghes kem kr` us`m th chdduegckt` tn` m`sgbe get`et ahr chestructghe. • ]ngs Mrkwgeb dust j` gecium`m ge 6
Rkiis, mhhrs, auregtur`, `qugpd`et, igbntgeb, huti`ts, m`dh m` dhig igtg tghe he kem kem sh sh he, kr` kr` kii kii sp` sp`cg cgag ag`m `m.. Br Brkp kpng ngcc sydjhis kr` us`m us`m th r`pr`s`et r`pr`s`et wkiis, wkiis, mhhrs, auregtur`, `tc.
Rnkt th ihho ahr ge k bhhm ha Chestructghe Mrkwgebs 8 • Aihhr \ikes • Chv`r Sn``t • • • •
Zhha \ike Sgt` \ike 3M Kxhehd`trgc Qg`ws Jugimgeb S`ctghes
• Rkii S`ctghes & M`tkgis • @i`ctrgcki kem Ahuemktghe
\ikes • Get`rghr & @xt`rghr @i`vktghes • M`tkgi Sp`cgagck Sp`cgagcktghe tghe
s`t
Jrgcos
]gdj`rs
Rktti` & Mkuj
Zkdd`m @krtn
D`tki Sn``t
\ikst`r & Jhkrm
Shm
\hi`s
Skems
Sthe`s
KZCNG]@C]PZKI MZKRGEBS
View more...
Comments
