Quantitative Analysis of Salts

Quantitative Quantitative Analysis of Salts Inference from the colour of salt solutions Cation Colour of solution

Cu2+ Blue

Fe2+ Green

Fe3+ Brown

Test for Gases Name of gas

Colour of gas

Smel mell of of gas gas

Eectt on Eec on !am" litmus

Oxygen

Colourles s

No smell

No eect

Hydrogen

Colourles s

No smell

No eect

Car"on dioxide

Colourles s

No smell

%mmonia

Colourles s

Pungent

#amp "lue litmus turns to red #amp red litmus turn "lue

C!lorine

Greenis!) C!oking yellow

Hydrogen C!loride

Colourles s

Pungent

+ulp!ur dioxide

Colourles s

Pungent

#amp "lue litmus turns red

Nitrogen dioxide

Brown

Pungent

#amp "lue litmus turns

#amp "lue litmus turns red #amp "lue litmus turns red

Con#rmatio n test on gas Rekindles a glowing wooden splint Produce “pop sound wit! a lig!ted wooden splint $ime water turn milky &orms w!ite fume wit! concentrated HC' (apour )

&orms w!ite fumes wit! concentrated NH* (apour #ecolourises purple colour of acidi,ed potassium manganate-. ''/ solution )

red

Test of Anion in A$ueous Solution %& Test for car'onate ions( C)32* * 0!en dilute acid is added to an a1ueous car"onate solution2 eer(escence occurs *  3!e gas e(ol(es turn lime water milky4 CO 5 is produced 2& Test for nitrate ions( N)3* 'ro,n ring test& * 0!en dilute sulp!uric acid and iron-''/ sulp!ate solution are added to an a1ueous nitrate solution2 followed "y concentrated sulp!uric acid slow along t!e side of t!e test tu"e2 a "rown ring is formed in t!e middle section of t!e solution mixture4 3!e formation of t!e "rown ring -a complex/ indicates t!e presence of nitrate ions4 3& Test for sul"hate ions( S)-2* * 0!en a dilute !ydroc!loric acid is added to an a1ueous sulp!ate solution followed "y "arium c!loride solution2 a w!ite ppt -Ba+O6/ is formed4 * BaC'5 solution pro(ide t!e Ba57 ions to react wit! t!e +O65) ions4 -& Test for chlori!e ions( CI* * 0!en dilute nitric acid is added to an a1ueous c!loride solution followed "y sil(er nitrate solution2 %gNO *2 a w!ite ppt -%gC'/ is formed4 Test of Cations .eagent %dd NaOH in excess %dd NH* in excess %dd NaOH and NH* in excess

%dd NaOH in excess %dd NH* in excess

)'servation 0!ite ppt solu"le 0!ite ppt insolu"e 0!ite ppt solu"le 0!ite ppt insolu"le Green ppt insolu"le in NaOH and NH* Brown ppt insolu"le in NaOH and NH* Blue ppt insolu"le in NaOH "ut solu"le in NH* to form dark "lue color No ppt form2 "ut NH* gas e(ol(es w!en !eated

Inference 8n579%l*79P"57 Ca579:g57 8n57 %l*79P"579:g57 &e57 &e*7 Cu57

NH67

Con#rmatory test for Fe2+( Fe3+( an! /' 2+   ions Cations P"57

+peci,c reagent ;'2 Na'

NH67 &e57

Nessler reagent Potassium !exacynoferrate -''/2 ; 6&e-CN/= Potassium !exacynoferrate -'''/2 ; *&e-CN/= Pottasium t!iocynate2 ;+CN ; 6&e-CN/= ; *&e-CN/=

&e*7

O"ser(ation