Qualitative Inorganic Analysis (QIA) Chart on Cations

Qualitative inorganic analysis

SCHEME FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE CATIONS ORIGINAL SOLUTION NaOH heating

2+

Pb2+, Ag+, Hg 22+, Hg2+, Bi3+, Cu , Cd2+, As3+, As5+, Sb3+, Sb5+, Sn2+, Sn4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+

1540 °C

NH3 sharp smelling gas

Higher oxidation zone (melting zone)

HCl (3 mol/L)

1550 °C

FLAME COLORING

1560 °C

Higher reduction zone

520 °C

PRECIPITATE

SOLUTION

1450 °C

Lower reduction zone PbCl2

AgCl

Hg2Cl2

white ppt.

white ppt.

white ppt.

2+

2+

3+

2+

3+

5+

3+

5+

2+

4+

2+

white ppt.

white ppt.

K2Cr2O7

CuS

CdS

As2S3

As2S5

Sb2S3

Sb2S5

SnS

SnS2

black ppt.

brown ppt.

black ppt.

yelow ppt.

yelow ppt.

yelow ppt.

orange ppt.

orange ppt.

smeñi talog

yelow ppt.

Pb

Bi2S3

CuS

CdS

black ppt.

brown ppt.

black ppt.

yelow ppt.

AsS43-,

AsO2- ,

SnS32-,

2013 © LRT Documents Copyrighted. All rights reserved. 2

3

SnS

SnS2

Sb2S3

Sb2S5

yelow ppt.

yelow ppt.

smeñi talog

yelow ppt.

orange ppt.

orange ppt.

HAc +

Fe(CN)64-

As2S3

As2S5

yelow ppt.

yelow ppt.

CrO42-, Al(OH)4-

Cs

3+

PbCrO4

Al(OH)3

yelow precipitate

white precipitate

NiS

MnS

ZnS

black ppt.

black ppt.

pink ppt.

white ppt.

CoS

NiS

blood red solution

black ppt.

black ppt.

Cd

Sb-rhodamine

yelow precipitate

purple solution

HNO3 (conc.)

Sn

2+

Mn2+, Zn2+

white ppt.

Zn(OH)3

brown ppt.

CH3COOH (conc.) K2CrO4

NH4SCN

NH3 (3 mol/L)

+ amyl alcohol

+ dimethylglyoxime

2+

C

N

18 VIIIA 2

Co(SCN)42-

3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 22

21

Ca

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Pr

61

Nd

62

Pm Sm

63

Eu

24

V

Cr

25

Mn

Mo

Tc

88.906 91.224 92.906 95.96 73 72 74 71

(98) 75

Y 60

23

26

Fe

11

27

29

Co

28

Ni

IB 12 IIB 26.982

Cu

30

Zn

44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 43 39 47 48 45 46 40 44 42 41

Sr 59

Ti

VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8

Al

64

Gd

65

Tb

66

Dy

67

Ho

68

Er

69

Tm

70

Yb

Lu

Zr Hf

Nb Ta

W

Re

Ru

Rh

Pd

Ag

Cd

Ba

HNO3 + NaBiO3

H2S

Os

Ir

Pt

Au

Hg

Fr

Ra

Ac

Th

Pa

U

Np

Pu Am Cm Bk

Cf

Es

Fm Md No

Lr

Rf

Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

Ds

Rg

Cn

(223)

(226)

(227)

232.04

231.04

238.03

(237)

(244)

(251)

(252)

(257)

(262)

(267)

(268)

(271)

(272)

(277)

(276)

(281)

(280)

(285)

(247)

(247)

(258)

(259)

Ga

deep blue solution

MnO4-

ZnS

red precipitate

purple solution

white precipitate

white ppt.

He

Ge Sn

As

9

O S Se

74.922 78.96 51 52

Sb

2+

Te

white ppt.

white ppt.

CH3COOH (conc.) (NH4)2SO4

10

F

Ne

Cl

Test tubes

Br

Ca2+, Mg2+

SrSO4

Ar

white precipitate

28.086 30.974 32.065 35.453 39.948 32 33 34 35 36

69.723 72.64 49 50

In

P

pale yelow precipitate

NH3 (conc.)

(NH4)2C2O4

Kr

79.904 83.798 53 54

I

Xe

CaC2O4

Tl

Pb

Bi

Po

At

Rn

204.38

207.2

208.98

(209)

(210)

(222)

Mg2+

white precipitate

101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29 83 78 79 77 76 86 80 81 82 84 85

150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 110 111 112 104 107 106 109 105 103 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 108 (243)

31

Si

K3Co(NO2)6 yelow precipitate

Sr , Ca , Mg

BaCrO4

NaOH + quinalizarine

Separate the clear liquid from the precipitate

Mg-quinalizarine blue solution

Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 81, No. 11, (2009) 2131-2156)

Heating in the water bath

K

Na-uranyl acetate

yelow precipitate

Ni-dimethylglyoxime

10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180 13 15 16 17 18 14

VIIIB 9 10

2+

Na3Co(NO2)6

Sr3(PO4)2 Ca3(PO4)2 MgNH4PO4

8

7

white ppt.

white ppt.

2+

chocolate brown p.

Na+, K+, NH4+ Zn - uranyl acetate

NaOH (6 mol/L) + H2O2 (3 %)

MnO2

6

SOLUTION

Ba3(PO4)2 Sr3(PO4)2 Ca3(PO4)2 MgNH4PO4 white ppt.

Co , Ni

Ag3AsO4

B

Ce

apple green

(NH4)2PO4 (0.5 mol/L) + NH3 (conc.)

13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 4.0026

La

crimson red

Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+

grey ppt. Hg2Cl2

5

Ba

brick red

PRECIPITATE

4+

IIA

58

Barium

SOLUTION

CoS

Fe(SCN)2+

P E R I O D I C TA B L E O F T H E E L E M E N T S

57

Strontium

HCl (0.5 mol/L)

Cr

2+

Sb , Sn

CdS

brown precipitate

Rb

violet

NH4Cl

HNO3 (conc.) NaAc + AgNO3

Bi0

K

HAc + Pb(Ac)2

NaNO2 + rhodamine B HCl + HgCl2

KCN + H2S

reddish brown ppt.

Mg

yellow

H2S (in basic medium)

HNO3 (6 mol/L) + H2O2 (3 %) NH4SCN

Cu2Fe(CN)6

Na

Potassium

Calcium

PRECIPITATE Fe(OH)3

SnO22-

132.91 137.33 138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 87 88 89 93 90 91 92

7

As2S5

white ppt.

grey precipitate

9.0122 12

Sodium

Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+

NaOH (6 mol/L) + H2O2 (3 %)

As2S3

Cu(NH3)42+ , Cd(NH3)42+

Bi(OH)3

Hg2Cl2 + Hg

6.941 11

300 °C

NH4+

white ppt.

brown ppt. grey-green p.

NH3 (conc.)

0

Be

+

SOLUTION

brown ppt.

HNO3 + HCl (1:3) SnCl2

Li

+

Al(OH)3

Cr(OH)3

HCl (conc.)

85.468 87.62 55 56

6

Fe(OH)3

SbO2-

black ppt.

39.098 40.078 37 38

5

SbS43-,

Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+

22.990 24.305 19 20

4

SnO32-,

HCl (6 mol/L)

HNO3 (3 mol/L)

Hg(NO3)2·2HgS

1.0079 2 4 3

2+

PRECIPITATE

II b subgroup

HgS

white precipitate

H

2+

NH4Cl + NH4OH

AgCl

1

2+

Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+

Bi2S3

II a subgroup

IA

2+

KOH (3 mol/L)

HNO3 (conc.)

1

2+

SOLUTION

HgS

black precipitate

1

2+

yelow precipitate

Ag(NH3)2+

HgNH2Cl + Hg

2+

PRECIPITATE

PbCrO4

0

2+

H2S (in acidic medium)

Pb2+

NH3 (conc.)

3+

Determined in the original solution

Hg2Cl2

3+

Hg , Bi , Cu , Cd , As , As , Sb , Sb , Sn , Sn , Fe , Fe , Cr , Al , Co , Ni , Mn , Zn , Ba , Sr , Ca , Mg , Na , K ,

H2O (100 °C)

AgCl

3+

Lower oxidation zone