Q3 Module 2.2 - Properties of Solution

 

  BTXDHAL PO JP]DJX OE XOLZ]DOI ]ypjs oe Xolutdoi

 

Sbat D Ijjm to Giow At tbj jim oe tbds nomulj, you sboulm `j a`lj to;   1. Zsj mdeejrji mdeejrjitt ways oe jxprj jxprjssdic ssdic hoihji hoihjitratd tratdoi oi oe solutdois; solutdois; pjrhjit pjrhjit `y nass, nolj erahtdoi, nolardty, nolaldty, pjrhjit `y volunj, ppn (X]JN_CH11VVDDDm-e-111)7 0. Vjreorn Vjreorn stod stodhbdon hbdonjtrd jtrdh h halhulatdoi halhulatdois s eor rjahtdois rjahtdois di solutdoi solutdoi (X]JN_CH11VVDDDm-e-110)7 8. Mjshrd`j Mjshrd`j tbj jeejht jeejht oe hoihjitrat hoihjitratdoi doi oi tbj hol holldca ldcatdvj tdvj propjrtd propjrtdjs js oe solutdois (X]JN_CH11VVDDDm-e-11:)7 =. Mdeejrjitd Mdeejrjitdatj atj tbj holldcatdvj holldcatdvj propjrtd propjrtdjs js oe ioijljhtroly ioijljhtrolytj tj solutdois solutdois aim oe jljhtrolytj solutdois (X]JN _CH11VVDDDm-e-115).  _CH11VVDDDm-e-115).  

 

Sbat D Giow Ahtdvdty 1; CPOZ AH]DUD]T Zsdic tbj strdps wdtb wrdttji worms oi tbj ijxt sldmj edll tbj `laig ta`lj `y hboosdic tbj approprdatj aiswjrs eron anoic tbj `uihb oe strdps.

 

Mdeejrjit ]ypjs oe Xolutdoi Adr

Xoma Satjr

dijcar Xtjjl

Mjital Analcan  Har`oi mdoxdmj(cas)

Xomdun Hblordmj(soldm)

Har`oi mdoxdmj (cas)

Njrhury (ldqudm)

Xdlvjr (soldm)

Ldqudm di a soldm

 Oxycji(cas)

Idtrocji(cas)

Njrhury (ldqudm)

Cas di a cas

 Satjr(ldqudm)

Xjawatjr

Ldqudm di ldqudm Xoldm di a soldm

Har`oi(soldm)

Droi (soldm)

Xoldm di ldqudm

Cas di ldqudm Ahjtdh ahdm (ldqudm)

 

HOIHJI]PA]DOI ZID]X Ljssoi 1

 

Sbat—s Ijw Ahtdvdty 0 Edim Nj! Lohatj Nj! Lohatj tbj worms assohdatjm wdtb hoihjitratdoi uidts di tbj crdm. ]bj worms hai `j ruiidic di bordzoital, vjrtdhal, aim mdacoial mdrjhtdois. E

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1. _____________________  0. _____________________  8. _____________________  =. _____________________  :. _____________________  5. _____________________  3. _____________________  2. _____________________  4. _____________________  16. _____________________   

 

IA]ZPJ OE XOLZ]DOI Xolutdois ‘ arj bonocjijous ndxturjs. ]bjy bavj uideorn honposdtdoi all

tbroucbout. A solutdoi nay bavj oij or norj solutjs mdssolvjm di a cdvji solvjit. Xolutj - tbj su`staihj tbat mdssolvjs di tbj solutdoi. Xolvjit  ‘ tbj su`staihj di wbdhb tbj solutj mdssolvjs.

 

IA]ZPJ OE XOLZ]DOI Xolu`lj ‘ ds a su`staihj tbat mdssolvjs di aiotbjr su`staihj dt ds sadm solu`lj di tbat su`staihj. Disolu`lj ‘ a su`staihj tbat mojs iot

mdssolvj su`staihj ds sadm to disolu`ljdidiaiotbjr tbat su`staihj. Ndshd`lj ‘ ldqudms wbdhb arj honpljtjly solu`lj di jahb otbjr. Otbjrwdsj, tbjy arj dnndshd`lj. 

 

IA]ZPJ OE XOLZ]DOI Aqujous solutdoi ‘ a solutdoi di wbdhb tbj solvjit watjr. Jljhtrolytj ‘ a su`staihj tbat mdssolvjs di watjr to eorn a solutdoi tbat hoimuhts jljhtrdh hurrjit. Ioijljhtrolytj ‘ a su`staihj tbat mdssolvjs di watjr to cdvj a solutdoi tbat

mojs iot hoimuht jljhtrdh hurrjit. 

 

Sbat ds Dt

 

Sbat ds Dt   Jxanplj 1.1 A sanplj oe 6.24= crans (c) oe potassdun hblordmj (GHl) ds mdssolvjm di :=.2 crans oe watjr. Sbat ds tbj  pjrhjit `y nass oe GHl di tbj solutdoi?    Xtratjcy  Sj arj cdvji tbj nass oe a solutj mdssolvjm di a hjrtadi anouit oe solvjit. Bjihj, wj hai halhulatj tbj nass  pjrhjit oe GHl usdic Jquatdoi (1.1).

 

Sbat ds Dt

 

Sbat ds Dt Jxanplj 1.0 Sbat ds tbj nolj erahtdoi oe tbj solutj di a =6% `y nass jtbaiol (H0B5O) solutdoi di watjr?   Xtratjcy   Sj arj cdvji tbj pjrhjitacj `y nass (=6%) oe tbj solutj di tbj solutdoi. Bjihj, wj hai halhulatj tbj nolj erahtdoi tbroucb (1) hoivjrtdic tbj hoihjitratdoi uidts `asjm oi tbj nass or noljs oe a solutj aim solvjit or nass pjrhjitacj, dt ds usjeul to assunj a hjrtadi total nass oe solutdoi7 (0) hbaicdic tbj nassjs oe tbj honpoijits jtbaiol aim watjr to iun`jr oe noljs7 (8) su`stdtutdic tbj valujs o`tadijm di tbj eornula aim solvj eor tbj nolj erahtdoi oe tbj solutj jtbaiol, aim solvjit watjr.

 

Sbat ds Dt

 

Sbat ds Dt Jxanplj 1.8 Mjtjrndij tbj nolardty oe tbj solutdoi wdtb 6.10= nol oe HoHl0 di 6.5:= L oe solutdoi.   Xtratjcy   Sj arj cdvji tbj nolj oe a solutj mdssolvjm di a hjrtadi anouit oe solutdoi. Bjihj, wj hai halhulatj tbj nolardty oe HoHl0 usdic Jquatdoi (1.8).

 

Sbat ds Dt

 

Sbat ds Dt Jxanplj 1.= ]bj mjisdty oe a 0.=: N aqujous solutdoi oe njtbaiol (HB8OB) ds 6.435 c/nL. Sbat ds tbj nolaldty oe tbj solutdoi? ]bj nolar

nass oe njtbaiol ds 80.6= c. Xtratjcy  ]o halhulatj tbj nolaldty oe a solutdoi, wj ijjm to giow tbj

iun`jr oe noljs oe njtbaiol aim tbj nass oe solvjit di gdlocrans. Sj assunj 1 L oe solutdoi, so tbj iun`jr oe noljs oe njtbaiol ds 0.=: nol.

 

Sbat ds Dt

 

Sbat ds Dt Jxanplj 1.: Di a solutdoi, tbjrj ds 100.= nL solvjit aim :.0= nL solutj prjsjit. Edim tbj pjrhjit `y volunj.   Xtratjcy   Sj arj cdvji tbj volunj oe a solutj mdssolvjm di a hjrtadi anouit oe solvjit. Bjihj, wj hai halhulatj tbj volunj pjrhjit usdic Jquatdoi (1.:).

 

Sbat ds Dt

 

Sbat ds Dt Jxanplj 1.5  A solutdoi bas a hoihjitratdoi hoihjitratdoi oe 1.0= c/L. Sbat ds dts hoihjitratdoi di ppn?   Xtratjcy   Sj ijjm to hoivjrt tbj nass di crans dito ndlldcrans aim tbji rj-wrdtj tbj hoihjitratdoi di nc/L

 

Sbat—s Norj Ahtdvdty 8. Ljt—s mo tbds! Aiswjr tbds!  Aiswjr tbj eollowdic pro`ljns. Srdtj your eull solutdoi oi your aiswjr sbjjt aim `ox tbj edial aiswjr.   1.Bymrocji pjroxdmj, B0O0, ds usjm `y sonj watjr trjatnjit systjns to rjnovj tbj mdsacrjja`lj omor oe suledmjs di mrdigdic watjr. Ai aqujous solutdoi oe B0O0  prjparjm di tbj la`oratory was eouim to bavj a hoihjitratdoi oe 06.6% `y nass. Sbat ds tbj t bj nolj erahtdoi oe B 0O0? 0.Sbat ds tbj nolaldty oe a solutdoi hoitadidic 6.3: noljs oe somdun bymroxdmj di :66 nL oe watjr at 0: ℈H? ]bj mjisdty oe watjr at 0:℈H ds 1 c/nL. (Bdit; m>n/v) 8.A sanplj oe 6.482 c oe somdun bymroxdmj (IaOB) ds mdssolvjm di 56.4 c oe watjr. Sbat ds tbj t bj pjrhjit `y nass oe IaOB di tbj solutdoi?

 

HOLLDCA]DUJ PO JP]DJX OE XOLZ]DOIX Ljssoi 0

 

Sbat—s Ijw Ahtdvdty 8. Nathb Nj! Hboosj Nj! Hboosj tbj aiswjr tbat `jst nathbjs jahb oe tbj mjedidtdois `jlow. Srdtj tbj ljttjr oe your aiswjr oi tbj holuni jitdtljm “Nathb„.

Mjedidtdoi 1 0

8 =

Dt ds a mdrjht njasurj oe jshapdic   tjimjihy oe noljhuljs. Dt mjpjims oi tbj holljhtdvj jeejht oe tbj hoihjitratdoi oe solutj partdhljs   prjsjit di tbj solutdoi. Dt ds usjm to mjtjrndij tbj rjmuhjm vapor prjssurj.   ]bj tjnpjraturj at wbdhb tbj vapor prjssurj ds 1 atn wdll `j bdcbjr tbai tbj   iornal `odldic podit `y ai anouit.

Dt ds tbj mdeejrjihj di tjnpjraturj

Nathb

Gjy ]jrns

 

A. Holldcatdvj Vropjrtdjs @. @odldic Vodit Jljvatdoi

 

H. Uapor Vrjssurj M. Erjjzdic Vodit Mjprjssdoi J. Uapor Vrjssurj Lowjrdic

:

`jtwjji tbj erjjzdic podit oe a purj

E. Paoult s Law

 

Sbat ds Dt Jeejht oe solutj hoihjitratdoi oi tbj holldcatdvj propjrtdjs oe solutdois

1.Uapor Vrjssurj Lowjrdic   A mdrjht njasurj njasurj oe tbj jshapdic jshapdic hapa hapahdty hdty oe noljhuljs noljhuljs ds vapor prjssurj. A purj ldqudm (solvjit) hai ahbdjvj jqudld`rdun wdtb dts vapor di a hlosjm hoitadijr. Aim tbj prjssurj jxjrtjm `y tbj vapor ds halljm vapor prjssurj uitdl tbj jqudld`rdun ds attadijm. A su`staihj tbat mojs iot bavj a iotdhja`lj vapor prjssurj ds ioivolatdlj, wbjrjas oij tbat bas a vapor prjssurj ds volatdlj.

 

 

Sbat ds Dt

Edcurj 1; Uolatdlj Xolvjit UX Ioi-volatdlj Xolutj

 

Sbat ds Dt Dt sboulm `j rjnjn`jrjm tbat tbj mjhrjasj di tbj vapor prjssurj oe tbj solutdoi di tbds hasj ds mdrjhtly proportdoial to tbj erahtdoi oe tbj volatdlj noljhuljs di tbj odl, wbdhb ds tbj solvjit—s nolj erahtdoi. Dt ds possd`lj to assjss tbds mjhrjasjm vapor prjssurj usdic Paoult—s Law (1225).

Sbjrj;

 

Edcurj 0; Pjlatdoisbdp @jtwjji Uapor Vrjssurj aim Nolj Erahtdoi oe Satjr 

 

Sbat ds Dt Pjhall eron tbj mjedidtdoi oe nolj erahtdoi tbat di a twohonpoijit solutdoi (a solvjit aim a sdiclj solutj), Rsolvjit > 1 ‘ Rsolutj Sbdlj tbj hbjndhal iaturj oe tbj solutj ds iot a eahtor to hoisdmjr, dt ds dnportait to tagj dito hoisdmjratdoi wbjtbjr tbj solutj ds ai jljhtrolytj or ioijljhtrolytj. Doidh honpouims suhb as somdun hblordmj, IaHl, arj stroic jljhtrolytjs tbat mdssohdatj dito dois, rjsultdic di a crjatjr iun`jr oe mdssolvjm partdhljs wbji tbjy mdssolvj di solutdoi.

 

Sbat ds Dt Hoisdmjr two mdstdiht jqudvaljit hoihjitratdoi solutdois; oij ds namj oe doidh honpouim IaHl, aim tbj otbjr ds namj oe noljhular honpouim cluhosj (H5B10O5). ]bj jquatdois `jlow sbow wbat bappjis wbji tbjsj solutdois mdssolvj;

  Ia+ (aq) + Hl- (aq) IaHl (s)  0 mdssolvjm partdhljs   H5B10O5 (s)  H5B10O5 (aq) 1 mdssolvjm partdhlj

 

Sbat ds Dt Hoisdmjr two mdstdiht jqudvaljit hoihjitratdoi solutdois; oij ds namj oe doidh honpouim IaHl, aim tbj otbjr ds namj oe noljhular honpouim cluhosj (H5B10O5). ]bj jquatdois `jlow sbow wbat bappjis wbji tbjsj solutdois mdssolvj;

  Ia+ (aq) + Hl- (aq) IaHl (s)  0 mdssolvjm partdhljs   H5B10O5 (s)  H5B10O5 (aq) 1 mdssolvjm partdhlj

 

Sbat ds Dt 0. @odldic Vodit Jljvatdoi ]bj ammdtdoi oe a ioi-volatdlj solutj mjhrjasjs tbj vapor prjssurj oe tbj solutdoi, so tbat tbj vapor prjssurj oe tbj solutdoi ds rjturijm to a valuj hoieorndic to tbj purj solvjit, tbj tjnpjraturj nust `j dihrjasjm. Di eaht, tbj tjnpjraturj at wbdhb tbj vapor prjssurj ds 1 atn ds crjatjr tbai tbj iornal `odldic podit `y ai anouit giowi as tbj `odldic podit jljvatdoi.

 

Sbat ds Dt

Edcurj 8; ]bj Pjsult oe Lowjrdic tbj Uapor Vrjssurj di a Xolutdoi to tbj @odldic Vodit

 

Sbat ds Dt Eor mdlutj solutdoi, tbj jljvatdoi oe tbj `odldic podit ds mdrjhtly proportdoial to tbj nolal hoihjitratdoi oe tbj solutj;

Edcurj oe =; Nolaldty Iornal @odldic Vodit eor Satjr (solvjit)Xuhrosj as a Euihtdoi di Xjvjral Xolutdoi Hoitadidic

(a ioi volatdlj solutj)  

Sbat ds Dt 8. Erjjzdic Vodit Mjprjssdoi ]bj erjjzdic atpodit oe tbj a su`staihj tbj tjnpjraturj wbdhb soldm aim dsldqudm eorns hai hojxdst dimjedidtjly, at jqudld`rdun. Zimjr tbjsj hoimdtdois noljhuljs pass `jtwjji tbj 0 pbasjs at jqual ratjs `jhausj tbjdr jshapdic tjimjihdjs eron tbj two pbasjs arj dmjitdhal.

 

Sbat ds Dt

Edcurj :; di ]bj Pjsult oetoLowjrdic tbj Uapor a Xolutdoi tbj Erjjzdic Vodit Vrjssurj

 

Sbat ds Dt

 

Sbat ds Dt

 

Sbat ds Dt

 

Sbat ds Dt ]a`lj 1. ]bj vai—t Boee Eahtor oe 6.6:66 N Jljhtrolytj Xolutdoi at 0:℈H

 

Sbat—s Norj Ahtdvdty =. ]ruj or Ealsj!   Srdtj tbj worm ]ruj de tbj dmja jxprjssjm di tbj statjnjit ds horrjht. De tbj statjnjit ds wroic, wrdtj tbj worm Ealsj. Zimjrldij tbj worm/s tbat nagj tbj statjnjit wroic, tbji wrdtj tbj horrjht aiswjr.

 _________1. At a cdvji tjnpjraturj, tjnpjraturj, de a su`staihj ds ammjm to a solvjit ldgj watjr, tbj solutj-solvjit ditjrahtdois prjvjit tbj solvjit eron codic dito tbj soldm pbasj, rjqudrdic tbj tjnpjraturj to mjhrjasj eurtbjr `jeorj tbj solutdoi wdll ldqudey.  _________0. Eor mdlutj solutdoi, tbj jljvatdoi oe tbj `odldic podit ds rjvjrsjly proportdoial to tbj nolal hoihjitratdoi oe tbj solutj.  _________8. Sbji a ldqudm jvaporatjs jasdly, dt wdll bavj a larcj iun`jr oe dts noljhuljs di tbj cas pbasj rjsultdic to a bdcb vapor prjssur prjssurj. j.  _________=. Sbdlj tbj hbjndhal iaturj oe tbj solutj ds iot a eahtor to hoisdmjr, ddtt ds dnportait to tagj dito hoisdmjratdoi wbjtbjr tbj solutj ds ai jljhtrolytj or ioijljhtrolytj.  _________:. ]bj hoihjitratdoi or anouit oe ioivolatdlj solutj di tbj solutdoi mojs iot dielujihj tbj holldcatdvj propjrtdjs oe solutdois.

 

Sbat D bavj ljarijm Ahtdvdty :.1 Honpljtj nj! Honpljtj tbj ta`lj `y cdvdic tbj jquatdoi aim tbj uidts oe hoihjitratdoi njitdoijm. ZID]X OE HOIHJI]PA]DOI

JQZA]DOI

1. jrhjit `y Nass

 

0. Nolardty

 

8. Nolj Erahtdoi

 

=. Nolaldty

 

:. jrhjit `y Uolunj

 

5. arts pjr Ndlldoi

 

ZID]

 

Sbat D bavj ljarijm Ahtdvdty :.0 Cdvj Jxanplj! Cdvj two jxanpljs oe tbj topdhs ldstjm `jlow tbat bappji di jvjrymay ldej. 1.Uapor Vrjssurj Lowjrdic 0.@odldic Vodit Jljvatdoi 8.Erjjzdic Vodit Mjprjssdoi  

 

Sbat D hai mo

Bonjnamj Dhj Hrjan di  : Ndiutjs 

 

AXXJXXNJI];

Hldhg tbj ldig or co to ]J ANX/AXXDCINJI] Q8Qudz # =  = 

 

]BAIG TOZ EOP LDX]JIDIC!!!