PWM - 1

 

Bf g`kubfhiøn Uubsa Tiktj G`kubfti`n ` g`kubfhiøn p`r fnhj` ka pubs`, sa puaka hrafr unf saöfb h`n katarginfkf lrahuanhif qua sa katarginfræ p`r bf pari`kihikfk ka b`s pubs`s ka unf saöfb. Qn hihb` ka trfcfm` guastrf bf hfntikfk ka tiagp` ka bf saöfb qua sa anhuantrf an un astfk` bødih` fbt` b` hufb h`nsista an intr`kuhir unf saria ka pubs`s y n` ka gfnarf h`ntinuf, l`rgfnk` unf saöfb kiditfb hufkrfkf an bfs qua sa g`kilihf pfrta kab pari`k` an ab qua bf saöfb astæ fhtivf. Jfcbfg`s ka bf lunhiøn UTG h`g` fcravifturf ka bf g`kubfhiøn p`r fnhj` ka pubs`s, ab hufb prasantf pubs`s rahtfndubfras, fbd` qua sa jf h`nvartik` an unf præhtihf jfcitufb ka b`s intarrupt`ras ka p`tanhif g`karn`s, tfgcién utibizfk` pfrf p`kar vfrifr bf vab`hikfk ka b`s g`t`ras ka h`rrianta kirahtf (HK). Astf fhhiøn tiana an huantf bf g`kilihfhiøn kab pr`has` ka trfcfm` ka unf saöfb ka tip` pariøkih`. KAXFSS@BB@ Bf g`kubfhiøn p`r fnhj` ` ka pubs` (` an indbés pubsa wiktj g`kubfti`n UTG) as un tip` ka saöfb ka v`btfma utibizfkf pfrf anvifr inl`rgfhiøn ` pfrf g`kilihfr bf hfntikfk ka anardçf qua sa anvçf f unf hfrdf. Asta tip` ka saöfbas as guy utibizfk` an hirhuit`s kiditfbas qua nahasitfn agubfr unf saöfb fnfbødihf. Asta tip` ka saöfbas s`n ka tip` hufkrfkf ` sinusi`kfbas an bfs hufbas sa ba hfgcif ab fnhj` rabftiv` raspaht` fb parç`k` ka bf gisgf, ab rasubtfk` ka asta hfgci` as bbfgfk` hihb` ka trfcfm` y sus unikfkas astæn raprasantfkfs an térgin`s ka p`rhantfma. Gftagætihfganta sa tiana qua= K 7 hih hihb` b` ka tr trfcf fcfm` m` 7 ttia iagp gp` ` an qua qua bf bf sa saöf öfbb as p`sit p`sitivf ivf [ 7 U Uar arç` ç`k` k` Ufrf agubfr unf saöfb fnfbødihf sa hfgcif ab hihb` ka trfcfm` (kuty hihba an indbés)) ka tfb gfnarf qua ab vfb`r pr`gaki indbés pr`gaki` ` ka bf saöfb saf ab v`btfma fpr`xig fpr`xigfk` fk` qua sa kasaf `ctanar, pukiank` ant`nhas anvifr v`btfmas antra 5_\W y ab gæxig` qua s`p`rta ab kisp`sitiv` UTG utibizfk`, an ab hfs` ka fbdýn gihr`h`ntr`bfk`r as 1_\W.

 

Bf g`kubfhiøn ka fnhj` ka pubs` astæ l`rgfkf p`r unf saöfb ka `nkf hufkrfkf qua n` siagpra tiana bf gisgf rabfhiøn antra ab tiagp` qua astæ an fbt` y ab tiagp` qua astæ an cfm`. An bf siduianta lidurf 8 vag`s unf saöfb qua vfrçf antra 1\ y 5\. F b` bfrd` kab tiagp` bf saöfb vfrçf antra k`s vfb`ras ka tansiøn. Kurfnta un tiagp` katarginfk` bf saöfb sa anhuantrf an ab nivab fbt` (an asta hfs` 1\) y kurfnta `tr` pari`k` ka tiagp` sa anhuantrf an ab sadunk` vfb`r ka tansiøn (an asta hfs` 5\).

Lidurf 8 - Xaöfbas UTG 65-;5-95

Ab tiagp` qua bf saöfb sa anhuantrf an ab nivab fbt` (1\) b` kan`ginfg`s h`g` tiagp` `n ([`n) giantrfs qua ab tiagp` qua astæ an nivab cfm` b` kan`ginfg`s tiagp` `ll ([`ll ). ). Bf sugf kab tiagp` `n y ab tiagp` `ll as ab parik` ka bf saöfb ([). Y h`g` an t`kf saöfb öfb par ariiøki kihhf, ab inva varrs` ka kab pari`k` (6 / [) as bf lrahuanhif  ka bf saöfb. Hihb` ka trfcfm` ` Kuty Hyhba Bf vfrifhiøn ka fnhj` ka pubs` h`nsista an vfrifr b`s tiagp`s ka anhankik` y fpfdfk`, as kahir [`n y [`ll. Fb hfgcifr ab vfb`r ka un UTG, an rafbikfk sa astæn g`kilihfnk` ast`s tiagp`s. Ab hihb` ka trfcfm` n` as `trf h`sf qua bf rabfhiøn antra ab tiagp` ka anhankik` y ab pari`k` ` tiagp` t`tfb kab UTG.  KH 7

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Hufnt` gfy`r saf ab kuty hyhba, gfy`r tiagp` astfræ bf saöfb ka tansiøn an fbt`, sin vfrifr ab pari`k`. U`r h`nsahuanhif, h`g` ab pari`k` n` vfrçf y bf sugf ka [`n y [`ll, si ab tiagp` ka anhankik` fugantf, ab tiagp` ka fpfdfk` kisginuya.

 

G@KQBFHIØN U@S FNHJ@ KA UQBX@X (UTG) Bf g`kubfhiøn UTG as bf téhnihf U[G gæs sigpba y læhib ka igpbagantfr usfnk` abahtrønihf fnfbødihf y kiditfb, y jf sik` unf téhnihf guy axpb`rfkf an sistagfs ka h`gunihfhi`nas pfrf bf trfnsgisiøn ka saöfbas fnfbødihfs ` kft`s p`r licrf øptihf, sin bfs kasvantfmfs kab drfn fnhj` ka cfnkf raquarik` p`r unf g`kubfhiøn purfganta kiditfb. Bf g`kubfhiøn UTG as unf téhnihf ka g`kubfhiøn n` binafb qua prasantf unf sahuanhif ka pubs`s rahtfndubfras huy` fnhj` kapanka kab vfb`r ka fgpbituk ka bf saöfb g`kubfk`rf, (b` qua sa gfniliastf p`r un fnhj` kab pubs` vfrifcba). Qnf saöfb UTG as g`strfkf an bf lidurf 6.

Lidurf 6 - Kaspbfzfgiant` ka b`s lfnh`s kashankantas an unf saöfb UTG, an unhiøn ka bf fgpbituk ka bf saöfb  g`kubfk`rf.

An bf lidur lidurf f 3 sa `csarvfn b`s pfræga pfrægatr`s tr`s prinhipf prinhipfbas bas qua hfrfhta hfrfhtarizfn rizfn b`s pubs`s UTG= kurfhiøn ka b`s pubs`s sin g`kubfr (c5), kurfhiøn gçnigf (gin c) y gæxigf (gfx c). Bf kurfhiøn ka b`s pubs`s astæ bigitfkf p`r bfs vfrifhi`nas antra bf kurfhiøn gçnigf y gæxigf ka b`s pubs`s.

Lidurf 3 - Ufrægatr`s tagp`rfbas ka b`s pubs`s UTG

 

Amagpb` ka un UTG h`n un gihr`h`ntr`bfk`r UIH Ufrf asta hfs` an aspahçlih`, sa utibizfræ un ab UIH6