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PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
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PRO
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IFI
13.01.06 Page 1 of 28
PAZFLOR PROJECT SURFACE FACILITIES BASIC ENGINEERING
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
Rev.
Status
Date
Revision memo
Issued by
Checked by
Approved by
00
IFI
13.01.06
Issue For lnformation
M. Ahmadian E Olivier
M. Chiriac
T Gandrille
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
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REP
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Discipline :
PRO
Contractor document number :
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13.01.06 Page 2 of 28
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3 1.1. General ....................................................................................................................................3 1.2. Objectives ................................................................................................................................3
2. CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................3 3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS .....................................................................................................5 4. MODEL CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................................5 4.1. Simulation Software.................................................................................................................5 4.2. Binary coefficients....................................................................................................................5 4.3. Reference Conditions ..............................................................................................................5
5. RESERVOIR FLUID PROPERTIES .........................................................................................7 6. PSEUDO COMPONTENT ADJUSTMENT..............................................................................8 6.1. ZINIA 1 – DST1 .......................................................................................................................9 6.2. PERPETUA1 – DST2 ..............................................................................................................9 6.3. HORTENSIA1 – DST1 ............................................................................................................9 6.4. ACACIA1 – DST1 ..................................................................................................................10 6.5. ACACIA1 – DST2 ..................................................................................................................10 6.6. ACACIA2 – DST1 ..................................................................................................................10
7. MIOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING ......................................................................................... 11 8. OLIGOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING.................................................................................... 16 9. ADJUSTMENT OF PSEUDO-COMPONENTS VISCOSITY CURVES ........................... 21 9.1. VISCOSITY OF RESERVOIR DRY OIL ...............................................................................21 9.2. VISCOSITY OF THE BLEND “MIOCENE+OLIGOCENE”....................................................23 9.3. VISCOSITY OF “MIOCENE ONLY” ......................................................................................24 9.4. VISCOSITY OF “OLIGOCENE ONLY” .................................................................................25
10. APPENDIXES : ......................................................................................................................... 26 Appendix-A: Minutes of Meeting dated on 14th October and 09th November 2005 ...............27 Appendix-B: Viscosity/Temperature charts (ASTM D341).......................................................28
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
Document Type :
REP
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Discipline :
PRO
Rev Date
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00
Status
IFI
13.01.06 Page 3 of 28
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1.
GENERAL During the pre-project studies, a unique PVT model has been developed for the 4 reservoir fluids. At this stage of basic engineering three additional reservoir fluids (Acacia-1 DST1, Acacia-1 DST2 and Acacia-2 DST1) need to be taken into account. In addition, the pseudo-components characteristics have been originally tuned using PROII process simulator in order to simulate the fluid properties (saturation pressure, Rs Bo etc). Therefore, the PVT model has to be revised to incorporate new pseudo components and also to correct some characteristics of previous components further to the migration from PROII to HYSYS.
1.2.
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this report is to present the simulation basis and different adjustment performed in order to match the simulation software (Hysys) calculation results with the field data (MW, Psat, Rs, Bo, GOR, Viscosity…) These Tuning results will be used as basis for process Hysys Simulations during Basic Engineering. This report needs to be approved by Company before starting the topside simulations in order to ensure that subsea and topside contractors are working based on same simulation basis.
2. CONCLUSION Tuning on MW, Psat, Rs, Bo and GOR As shown in this report, after tuning, the deviation between Hysys calculation results (MW, Psat, Rs, Bo and GOR) and field data for different reservoir fluids are in the acceptable range. The deviation between Hysys and Field data are Summarized in the following table:
Zinia 1 DST-1 Parameter Psat Rs Bo process Tank oil density @15°C Reservoir fluid MW Tank Oil MW
Hysys Deviation with Field Data Perpetua1 Hortensia1 Acacia1 DST-2 DST1 DST1
Acacia1 DST2
Acacia2 DST1
0% -1.58 % -4.10 % 0.2 %
-0.2 % 2.5 % -2.6 % 0.8 %
-0.2 % -1.6 % -2.7 % 0.3 %
3.5 % 5.2 % -1.3 % 2.1%
-1.0 % 5.4 % -0.2 % 3.2 %
- 0.1 % -1.2 % - 2.7 % 1.4 %
0% -0.54 %
0% - 0.1 %
0% - 0.3 %
0% 0.5 %
0% 1.5 %
5.1 % (1) 8.7 % (1)
(1) These deviations to be confirmed by Company based on PVT calculation results.
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
Document Type :
REP
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Discipline :
PRO
Rev Date
Contractor document number :
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IFI
13.01.06 Page 4 of 28
Note: Preliminary Topside simulation results based on tuned reservoir fluids shows that the Hysys results are close to those obtained during pre-project calculations. Tuning on viscosity The tuning on viscosity has been performed on the stabilised blends and not the reservoir crude oil. Three blends have been studied: “Miocene+Oligocene”, “Miocene only” and “Oligocene only”. For each blend, deviation between Hysys and experimental data have been calculated at three various temperatures. Results are summarized in the following table:
Blend
“Miocene + Oligocene”
“Miocene only”
“Oligocene only”
Deviation at temperature 1
0.9% (at 35°C)
0% (at 50°C)
3% (at 35°C)
Deviation at temperature 2
-0.8% (at 50°C)
1.4% (at 60°C)
3% (at 40°C)
Deviation at temperature 3
0% (at 60°C)
-0.4% (at 70°C)
4% (at 50°C)
Note: The viscosity tuning has been performed using the viscosities calculated for the blends given in the pre-project process report. If composition of blends changes then viscosity data need to be adjusted accordingly.
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
Document Type :
REP
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--
Discipline :
PRO
00
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Rev Date
Contractor document number :
IFI
13.01.06 Page 5 of 28
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS Following references have been used during tuning study. [1] Pre-project Studies – FPSO Process Report Rev0 dated on 04 Nov 2005. [2] Minutes of Meeting dated 14th October and 09th November 2005. Refer to AppendixA for details.
4. MODEL CHARACTERISTICS 4.1.
SIMULATION SOFTWARE The Simulations are carried out using Hysys version 2004 with the following thermodynamic setups:
4.2.
•
Property Package: Peng Robinson
•
Peng Robinson Options: Standard
•
EOS Enthalpy Method Specification: Lee Kesler
•
Liquid Densities: Smooth Liquid Density option has been selected.
BINARY COEFFICIENTS Binary Coefficients (Kij) used for different components are presented in the table presented in the next page. Note: Binary coefficients provided by PVT model gives a better match of fluid characteristics rather than Kijs generated by Hysys.
4.3.
REFERENCE CONDITIONS Standards conditions are 15.6 °C and 1 atm. Stock tank conditions are 15 °C and 1 atm.
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
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PRO
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13.01.06
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Page 6 of 28 BINARY COEFFICIENTS (Ref[2])
H2O
N2
CO2
H2O
-0.32
0.0445
0.5
N2
--
-0.02
0.04
--
0.1 --
CO2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 CN1 CN2
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
0.5
0.5
0.05
0.08
0.13
C7
C8
C9
C10
CN1
CN2
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.48
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.09
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0853
0.0943
0.044
0.05
0.07
0.07
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.085
0.06
0.06
0.09
0.06
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
0
--
0
0
0
--
0
0
--
0
CN3 CN4 CN5 CN6
CN3
CN4
CN5
CN6
--
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
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REP
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Discipline :
PRO
00
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13.01.06 Page 7 of 28
5. RESERVOIR FLUID PROPERTIES Different reservoir fluids “original compositions” (before tuning) are given in the following table (Ref. [2]).
Zinia-1
Reservoir T°C Reservoir P bara Cut N2 CO2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 CN1 CN2 CN3 CN4 CN5 CN6
Hortensia1 DST-1 61.6
Acacia 1
Acacia 1
Acacia 2
DST-1 65.8
Perpetua1 DST-2 63.5
DST-1 113.1
DST-2 93.3
DST-1 104.9
189.8
197.3
189.6
370.62
349.9
359.7
%mole 0.036 1.042 37.146 0.271 0.017 0.007 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.023 0.126 0.293 0.77 1.405 28.205 0 19.72 (1) 10.928 0 0
%mole 0.165 1.228 37.64 0.308 0.03 0.023 0.024 0.028 0.024 0.291 0.871 1.205 1.753 2.107 26.381 18.925 0 8.997 0 0
%mole 0.04 1.45 36.95 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.036 0.93 1.43 2.28 3.06 30.25 14.78 0 3.14 5 0
%mole 0.27 1.34 40.827 7.448 6.654 1.261 3.244 1.579 1.754 3.389 3.481 3.216 2.721 2.076 11.415 9.325 0 0 0 0
%mole 0.354 0.832 55.826 4.054 5.011 1.157 2.762 1.434 1.430 2.695 2.733 2.471 2.128 1.469 8.694 6.949 0 0 0 0
%mole 0.169 0.734 40.322 6.635 6.955 1.421 3.585 1.709 1.833 3.449 3.576 3.183 2.794 2.261 8.416 0 0 0 0 12.969
(1) The CN2 and CN3 pseudo component characteristics are exactly the same (except for Binary coefficient). For Zinia fluid, the CN2 composition has been transferred to CN3 in order to be able to make the Psat tuning of this reservoir.
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
Document Type :
REP
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Discipline :
PRO
00
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13.01.06 Page 8 of 28
The Pseudo Component Characteristics obtained after tuning are presented in the following table. Those characteristics modified during tuning are in BOLD and the original values are presented between brackets. Cut
MW
Tc
Pc
Omega
Vc
SG
C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 CN1 CN2 CN3 CN4 CN5 CN6
85.11 98.62 112.8 125.6 138.5 187.3 397.8 397.8 500 500 410
242.3 278.8 306.1 340.8 367.5 495 (480) 570 850 (570) 630 670 (630) 635 (614)
33.24 31.0 28.54 27.48 26.10 22.8 13.2 13.2 13.05 13.05 12.9
0.2556 0.2808 0.3257 0.3489 0.4189 0.57 0.72 0.72 0.95 0.95 0.81
0.38 0.43 0.50 0.53 0.56 0.88 1.36 1.36 2.45 1.81 1.47
0.7149 0.7387 0.7538 0.7743 0.788 0.8185 0.915 0.915 1.189 1.189 0.8904
6. PSEUDO COMPONTENT ADJUSTMENT As shown in the table above, Critical pressure and temperature of pseudo components (CN1 to CN6) have been adjusted in order to match the Hysys results with the experimental key properties. Adjustments have been performed based on following procedure: •
CN1 critical temperature has been adjusted in order to match the ACACIA1 DST1&2 Saturation pressure
•
CN6 Critical temperature in order to match the ACACIA2 saturation pressure
•
CN3 critical temperature has been adjusted in order to match ZINIA saturation pressure
•
CN5 critical temperature for the Hortensia saturation pressure tuning
Comparison between tuned Hysys calculation results and experimental data (Ref [2]) are summarized in the following tables:
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Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
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Bo process Tank oil density @15°C (55°C) Reservoir fluid MW Tank Oil MW
13.01.06 Page 9 of 28
bara Sm3/Sm 3 m3/Sm3 kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
182.0 46.2
182.0 45.48
0% -1.58 %
1.123 949.4 (924.6) 195.8
1.077 951.3 (926.8) 195.8
-4.10 % 0.2 % (0.2%) 0%
308.47
306.8
-0.54 %
PERPETUA1 – DST2 Perpetua DST2 Upper Parameter Psat Rs Bo process Tank oil density @15°C (50°C) Reservoir fluid MW Tank Oil MW
6.3.
IFI
ZINIA 1 – DST1 Zinia 1 DST-1 Lower Parameter Psat Rs
6.2.
Status
Rev Date
Contractor document number :
6.1.
00
bara Sm3/Sm 3 m3/Sm3 kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
180.27 47.8
180.0 48.98
-0.2 % 2.5 %
1.121 929.3 (907.1) 184.1
1.091 936.8 (911.9) 184.1
-2.6 % 0.8 % (0.5 % ) 0%
292.06
291.7
- 0.1 %
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
180.4 51.5
180.0 50.7
-0.2 % -1.6 %
1.13 922.5 (906.7) 172.8
1.10 925.1 (907.4) 172.8
-2.7 % 0.3 % (0.1 %) 0%
270.92
270.1
- 0.3 %
HORTENSIA 1 – DST1 Hortensia DST1 Upper Parameter Psat Rs Bo process Tank oil density @15°C (40°C) Reservoir fluid MW Tank Oil MW
bara Sm3/Sm 3 m3/Sm3 kg/m3
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
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Discipline :
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13.01.06
ACACIA1 – DST1
Parameter Psat Rs Bo process Tank oil density @15°C (40°C) Reservoir fluid MW Tank Oil MW
bara Sm3/Sm 3 m3/Sm3 kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
222.9 148
230.8 155.7
3.5 % 5.2 %
1.4537 832.8 (816.7) 92.1
1.435 850.2 (831.3) 92.13
-1.3 % 2.1% (1.8 %) 0%
191.43
192.4
0.5 %
ACACIA1 – DST2 Acacia1 DST-2 Parameter Psat Rs Bo process Tank oil density @15°C (35°C) Reservoir fluid MW Tank Oil MW
6.6.
IFI
Page 10 of 28
Acacia1 DST-1
6.5.
Status
Rev Date
Contractor document number :
6.4.
00
bara Sm3/Sm 3 m3/Sm3 kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
349.5 237.9
345.9 241.0
-1.0 % 5.4 %
1.671 827.8 (814.9) 75
1.641 849.6 (834.5) 75
-0.2 % 3.2 % (3.7 %) 0%
189.03
191.9
1.5 %
ACACIA2 – DST1 Acacia 2 B525 DST Parameter Psat Rs Bo process Tank oil density @15°C (40°C) Reservoir fluid MW Tank Oil MW
bara Sm3/Sm 3 m3/Sm3 kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
224.4 135.99
224.2 134.4
- 0.1 % -1.2 %
1.4027 839.1 (827.5) 98
1.364 850.7 (832.9) 103
- 2.7 % 1.4% (0.7%) 5.1 %
197.05
214.2
8.7 %
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
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PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
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13.01.06 Page 11 of 28
7. MIOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING The experimental Rs are not consistent with the flowrates of the gas production profile (cf table below for Year 1 simulation case). Therefore it is necessary to adjust the reservoir fluid composition in order to obtain the required gas flowrate by following the herebelow procedure. The following procedure is detailing the “Year1” production case GOR tuning for different wells of Miocene Field. Step 1: Three independent streams are created to represent the 3 reservoir fluids of Upper Miocene with the compositions given in §3.1. The flow rate of each reservoir fluid at the inlet of the flash cascade is adjusted so that each reservoir contributes to the Stock Tank oil production according to the following break down:
Vol percentage in stock tank oil Vol flowrate
%
ZINIA 13
PERPETUA 77
HORTENSIA 10
TOTAL 100
BOPD
17 810
105 490
13 700
137 000
The cascaded flashes of different reservoir fluids are defined as follows: st
1 Stage bara/°C nd
2
Stage bara/°C
Stock Tank bara/°C
ZINIA 13.0 / 55
PERPETUA 8.6 / 52.6
HORTENSIA 11.6 / 63.9
1 / 55
1 / 50
1 / 40
1 / 15
1 / 15
1 / 15
As an example, Perpetua PT flashes are presented in the following figure:
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This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
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13.01.06 Page 13 of 28
The inlet mass flowrate (dry) of the reservoir fluids obtained as well as the overall gas flow rate produced are given in the following table: Specific contribution of reservoirs ZINIA PERPETUA HORTENSIA TOTAL Gas flowrate (G1+G2+G3) STOCK TANK OIL
BLEND
MSm3/d
0.129
0.822
0.110
1.061
BOPD
17810
105490
13700
137000
Step 2: Determination of the GOR adjustment on Miocene reservoir fluids The gas make-up required to stick to the gas flowrate of the reservoir production profile is determined and split between the reservoir fluids. The Miocene oil production flowrate for year 1 given in the production profile “ACACIA WATER AND GAS INJECTION (Ref [2])” is 130 KBOPD. With a plant availability of 95%, the operating stock tank production flow rate shall be 137 KBOPD. The gas flow rate given in the profile for year 1 is 1.8 MSm3/d. With a plant availability of 95%, the operating gas flow rate for year 1 shall be 1.89 MSm3/d. As the gas production resulting from the reservoir fluid is only 1.061 MSm3/d, a gas make up of 0.829 MSm3/d is required to stick to the gas flow rate of the production profile (1.89 MSm3/d). This make-up represents a gas production increase of 78.2%. Therefore, the GOR of each reservoir fluid shall be increased by 78.2%. As a consequence, the re-adjusted gas flowrate of each reservoir shall be as presented in the following table:
TOTAL Gas flowrate (G1+G2+G3)
MSm3/d
ZINIA
PERPETUA
HORTENSIA
0.230
1.464
0.197
A make up gas stream will be added to each reservoir fluid stream (Refer to stream “Make-up Gas” in the figure above). This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
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PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012 Revision
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13.01.06 Page 14 of 28
Step 3: Determination of individual Gas make-up on each Miocene reservoir fluid The composition of the make-up gas will be considered as identical to the gas composition obtained in the first stage flash. This operation is carried out separately for each reservoir fluid. It has to be noticed here that using a gas make-up composition consistent with the gas produced by the first flash will not impact the compositions of the gas and liquid phases produced by the first stage but only the gas flow rate.
With Gas Make-up
Without Make-up
As a consequence, the conditions of the flash composition and flow rate observed at the second and third stages will remain identical.
STOCK TANK OIL TOTAL Gas flowrate (G1+G2+G3) Required gas increase Required Gas Makeup TOTAL Gas flowrate (G1+G2+G3) STOCK TANK OIL
BOPD
Specific contribution of reservoirs ZINIA PERPETUA HORTENSIA 17810 105490 13700
BLEND 137000
MSm3/d
0.1288
0.8215
0.1103
1.061
%
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
MSm3/d
0.101
0.642
0.086
0.829
MSm3/d
0.230
1.464
0.197
1.89
BOPD
17810
105490
13700
137000
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
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PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
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13.01.06 Page 15 of 28
Step 4: Determination of the composition of the re-adjusted Reservoir Fluids Miocene reservoir fluid compositions after GOR adjustment are presented in the following table. Zinia-1
Cut N2 CO2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 CN1 CN2 CN3 CN4 CN5 CN6
DST-1 %mole 0.05 1.36 50.95 0.34 0.02 0.01 0 0 0 0.02 0.1 0.23 0.59 1.08 21.68 0 15.16 8.40 0 0
Perpetua1 DST-2 %mole 0.23 1.62 51.28 0.40 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.23 0.68 0.93 1.35 1.61 20.19 14.48 0 6.89 0 0
Hortensia1 DST-1 %mole 0.06 1.91 50.62 0.17 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.29 0.73 1.11 1.76 2.35 23.23 11.35 0 2.41 3.84 0
NB: The properties of the Stock tank Oil resulting from these new compositions are identical. But the properties of the “new” fluids at the reservoir conditions will no more stick to original ones (Psat at reservoir conditions for example).
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8. OLIGOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING As for Miocene fluids, the experimental Rs for Oligocene are not consistent with the flowrates of the gas production profile (cf table below for year1 production). Therefore the same GOR adjustment methodology as for Miocene has been followed. The following procedure is detailing the “Year1” production case GOR tuning for different wells of Oligocene Field. Step 1: ACACIA 1 DST 1
ACACIA 1 DST 2
ACACIA 2 DST 1
TOTAL
%
46
23
31
100
BOPD
43700
21 850
29 450
95 000
Vol percentage in stock tank oil Vol flowrate
The cascaded flashes of different reservoir fluids are defined as follows:
st
1 Stage bara/°C nd
2
Stage bara/°C
Stock Tank bara/°C
ACACIA 1 DST 1 13.1 / 48°C
ACACIA 1 DST 2 23.1 / 66
ACACIA 2 DST 1 21 / 50
1 / 40
1 / 35
1 / 40
1 / 15
1 / 15
1 / 15
The gas flow rate adjustment principle is identical to Miocene. The difference is that for Oligocene, gas has to be removed instead of adding. As an example, Acacia1-DST1 PT flashes are presented in the following figure:
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The inlet mass flowrate (dry) of the reservoir fluids obtained as well as the overall gas flow rate produced are given in the following table: Specific contribution of reservoirs ACACIA 1 ACACIA 1 ACACIA 2 DST 1 DST 2 DST 1 TOTAL Gas flowrate (G1+G2+G3) STOCK TANK OIL
BLEND
MSm3/d
1.082
0.837
0.629
2.548
BOPD
43700
21 850
29 450
95 000
Step 2: Determination of the GOR adjustment on Oligocene reservoir fluids The Oligocene oil production rate for year1 given in the production profile “ACACIA WATER AND GAS INJECTION (Ref [2])” is 90 KBOPD. With a plant availability of 95%, the operating stock tank production flow rate shall be 95 KBOPD. The gas flow rate given in the profile for year1 is 2.2 MSm3/d. With a plant availability of 95%, the operating gas flow rate shall be 2.32 MSm3/d. As the gas production resulting from the reservoir fluid is 2.548 Msm3/d, a total gas flowrate of 0.228 Msm3/d shall be removed from the blend in order to stick to the gas flow rate of the production profile (2.32MSm3/d). This gas offtake rate represents a gas production DECREASE of 8.96%. Therefore, the GOR of each reservoir fluid shall be decreased by 8.96%. As a consequence, the re-adjusted gas flowrate of each reservoir shall be as presented in the following table:
TOTAL Gas flowrate (G1+G2+G3)
MSm3/d
ACACIA 1 DST 1
ACACIA 1 DST 2
ACACIA 2 DST 1
0.985
0.762
0.573
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Step 3: Determination of individual Gas off-take rate on each Oligocene reservoir fluid The composition of the withdrawn gas will be considered as identical to the gas composition obtained in the first stage flash. This operation is carried out separately for each reservoir fluid. It has to be noticed here that using a gas withdrawal composition consistent with the gas produced by the first flash will not impact the compositions of the gas and liquid phases produced by the first stage but only the gas flow rate. As a consequence, the conditions of the flash composition and flow rate observed at the second and third stages will remain identical.
Without Make-up
STOCK TANK OIL TOTAL Gas flowrate (G1+G2+G3)
BLEND 95000
MSm3/d
1.082
0.837
0.629
2.548
%
8.96
8.96
8.96
8.96
MSm3/d
0.097
0.075
0.056
0.228
TOTAL Gas flowrate (G1+G2+G3)
Sm3/d
0.985
0.762
0.573
2.320
STOCK TANK OIL
Sm3/d
43700
21850
29450
95000
Required gas increase Required Gas off-take With Gas Make-up
BOPD
Specific contribution of reservoirs ACACIA 1 ACACIA 1 ACACIA 2 DST 1 DST 2 DST 1 43700 21850 29450
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Step 4: Determination of the composition of the re-adjusted Reservoir Fluids Oligocene reservoir fluid compositions after GOR adjustment are presented in the following table.
Cut N2 CO2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 CN1 CN2 CN3 CN4 CN5 CN6
ACACIA 1 DST 1
ACACIA 1 DST 2
ACACIA 2 DST 1
DST-1 %mole 0.26 1.29 38.98 7.19 6.62 1.28 3.32 1.64 1.83 3.56 3.67 3.39 2.87 2.19 12.06 9.85 0 0 0 0
DST-2 %mole 0.34 0.81 54.00 3.96 5.01 1.18 2.83 1.49 1.49 2.84 2.90 2.63 2.27 1.57 9.27 7.41 0 0 0 0
DST-1 %mole 0.16 0.70 38.23 6.42 6.98 1.45 3.69 1.78 1.91 3.62 3.77 3.36 2.95 2.39 8.88 0 0 0 0 13.69
NB: The properties of the Stock tank Oil resulting from these new compositions are identical. But the properties of the “new” fluids at the reservoir conditions will no more stick to original ones (Psat at reservoir conditions for example).
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9. ADJUSTMENT OF PSEUDO-COMPONENTS VISCOSITY CURVES The purpose of this section is to adjust the viscosity curves of the pseudo-components defined in Hysys to match with the experimental viscosities (Ref[2]). Viscosity adjustments have been performed for three different operating cases: 1. Oligocene+Miocene blend, 2. Oligocene alone and 3. Miocene alone. Basic engineering simulations will be performed based on Oligocene + Miocene blend. Later on, other simulations will be developed for degraded cases including Oligocene alone and Miocene alone with correct viscosity adjustments, as presented in this section. ENGINEER will pay attention during degraded cases studies to use relevant viscosity values and to use correct viscosity tuned simulation files.
9.1.
VISCOSITY OF RESERVOIR DRY OIL Viscosity of Acacia. Acacia is a blend of Acacia 1 DST 1 (46%), Acacia 1 DST 2 (23%) and Acacia 2 (31%). Experimental viscosities are available in the PVT report (See Ref [2]) at 15°C and at 35°C or 40°C. As ACACIA has a “non Newtonian” behaviour below 35°C (Acacia Wax Appearance Temperature is 35°C), the measurements made at 15°C will not be used to determine the viscosity of the blend.
ACACIA 1 DST 1 ACACIA 1 DST 2 ACACIA 2
Temperature (°C) 40 35 40
Dynamic viscosity (cP) 3.19 3.24 3.7
Density (kg/m 3) 816.7 814.9 827.5
Kinematic viscosity (cSt) 3.9 4.0 4.5
The slope of the viscosity straight line of each ACACIA fluid in the viscosity chart has been considered has identical to the slope of the ACACIA 1 DST2 determined from the chemistry report data in the Newtonian zone (i.e above the Wax appearance temperature: 5.3 cSt at 40°C and 3.6 cSt at 60°C). For each Acacia fluids, the viscosity values at 35°C and 50°C have been extrapolated from the available experimental viscosity point and the straight line slope. The results are given in the following table: Temperature ACACIA 1 DST 1 ACACIA 1 DST 2 ACACIA 2
°C cSt cSt cSt
35 4.3 4 5.0
50 3.3 3 3.7
Then, the viscosity of the ACACIA blend is calculated at 35°C and 50°C using the equation 1 presented below :
V1 ln ν 1 V n ln ν n + ... + ln 1000 ln( 1000ν 1 ) ln( 1000ν n ) ν = exp (equation 1) V ln ν V ln ν 1− 1 1 n n + ... + ln( 1000 ν ) ln( 1000 ν ) 1 n This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
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where : ? is the kinematic viscosity of the blend, ?i is the kinematic viscosity of the crude i in the blend, Vi is the volume fraction of the crude i in the blend. (viscosities are at the same temperature) Viscosities of ACACIA blend at 35°C and 50°C are summarized below : Temperature ACACIA BLEND
°C cSt
35 4.4
50 3.3
Experimental viscosity of MIOCENE reservoir dry oil. For each MIOCENE reservoir, the dynamic viscosity of the dry oil is available in the PVT report (See Ref [2]). To calculate the kinematic viscosity, the density has been determined using Hysys. Resevoir oil viscosities are summarized in the following table:
PERPETUA ZINIA HORTENSIA
Temperature (°C) 15 55 15 55 15 40
Dynamic viscosity (cP) 557.6 47.7 1550 75 131.29 32.606
Density (kg/m 3) 936.8 908.8 951.3 926.9 925.1 908.3
Kinematic viscosity (cSt) 595.2 52.5 1629.3 80.9 141.9 35.9
Viscosity of MIOCENE and OLIGOCENE reservoir at 35°C and 50°C. For each reservoir, the viscosity of the dry oil is known at two different temperatures. Thus, using the chart from ASTM D341, the viscosity of each reservoir oil has been determined at 35°C and 50°C (see appendix). Viscosities for both MIOCENE and OLIGOCENE (ACACIA) oil at 35°C and 50°C are presented in the following table: Temperature PERPETUA ZINIA HORTENSIA ACACIA BLEND
°C cSt cSt cSt cSt
35 145 280 45 4.4
50 65 105 24 3.3
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VISCOSITY OF THE BLEND “MIOCENE+OLIGOCENE” Viscosity of the blend “Miocene+Oligocene” at 35°C and 50°. The viscosity of the blend “Miocene+Oligocene” (40.9% Acacia, 5.9% Hortensia, 45.5% Perpetua, 7.7% Zinia) is calculated at 35°C and at 50°C, respectively, using equation 1. In addition a third point has been extrapolated at 60°C using the viscosity chart.
Temperature Kinematic viscosity of the Blend Density Dynamic viscosity of the Blend
°C cSt
35 25.2
50 15.0
60 11.0
Kg/m3 cP
888.1 22.4
877.3 13.2
870.1 9.6
Adjustment of viscosity curves for the pseudo-components in Hysys for the blend “Miocene+Oligocene”. In order to obtain a calculated stock tank viscosity as close as possible to the data of above table, the viscosity of the pseudo components from C6 to CN6 has been adjusted by trial and error (using a unique curve for all the pseudo). The viscosity of the stock tank oil calculated by HYSYS takes into account the presence of the light components as IC4, NC4, IC5, and NC5. The viscosity “points” for the pseudo-component are given in the following table:
Temperature (°C) 35°C 50°C 60°C
Viscosity of the blend from estim ation (cP) 22.4 13.2 9.6
Viscosity of the blend calculated by Hysys (cP) 22.6 13.1 9.6
Error “Hsys/Estimation” 0.9% -0.8% 0%
Viscosity of pseudocomponents (cP) 25 16 10
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VISCOSITY OF “MIOCENE ONLY” Viscosity of the blend “Miocene only” at 35°C and 50°. The viscosity of “Miocene only” (13% Zinia, 77% Perpetua, 10% Hortensia) is calculated at 35°C and 50°C using equation 1. Using the ASTM chart, we have also determined the viscosity at 60°C and 70°C (see appendix).
Temperature Kinematic viscosity of the Blend Density Dynamic viscosity of the Blend
°C cSt
35 138.1
50 62.2
60 39
70 27
Kg/m3 cP
923.9 127.6
913.4 56.8
906.3 35.3
899.3 24.3
Adjustment of viscosity curves for the pseudo-components in Hysys for the blend “Miocene only”. For each pseudo-component, the same viscosity curve has been given in Hysys and adjusted by trial and error so that the viscosity of the stabilized blend given by Hysys is equal to the viscosity of the blend estimated using the ASTM chart (see table above). The viscosity “points” for the pseudo-component are given in the following table:
Temperature (°C) 50 60 70
Viscosity of the blend from estimation (cP) 56.8 35.3 24.3
Viscosity of the blend calculated by Hysys (cP) 56.8 35.8 24.2
Error “Hysys/Estimation”
Viscosity of pseudocomponents (cP)
0% 1.4% -0.4%
56.8 35 24
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VISCOSITY OF “OLIGOCENE ONLY” Viscosity of “Oligocene only” at 35°C and 50°. The viscosity of “Oligocene only” at 35°C and 50°C is available in section 9.1 for Acacia blend and reported below. Using the ASTM chart, we have determined the viscosity at 40°C (see appendix). Temperature Kinematic viscosity Density Dynamic viscosity
°C cSt Kg/m3 cP
35 4.4 833.7 3.7
40 4.0 830.0 3.3
50 3.3 822.4 2.7
Adjustment of viscosity curves for the pseudo-components in Hysys for “Oligocene only”. For each pseudo-component, the same viscosity curve has been given in Hysys and adjusted by trial and error so that the viscosity of the stabilized blend given by Hysys is equal to the viscosity of the blend estimated using the ASTM chart (see table above). The viscosity “points” for the pseudo-component are given in the following table:
Temperature (°C) 35°C 40°C 50°C
Viscosity of the blend from estimation (cP) 3.7 3.3 2.7
Viscosity of the blend calculated by Hysys (cP) 3.8 3.4 2.8
Error “Hysys/Estimation”
Viscosity of pseudocomponents (cP)
3% 3% 4%
4.9 4.2 3.5
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10. APPENDIXES :
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APPENDIX-A: MINUTES OF MEETING DATED ON 14TH OCTOBER AND 09TH NOVEMBER 2005
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APPENDIX-B: VISCOSITY/TEMPERATURE CHARTS (ASTM D341)
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