Pudricion de Corona en Banano

 

[cmramunira  ma ma `b `b  Dcrclb  ma` ma` hrutc ma`  ma`  iblblc  al al `b `b  

Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb

Olstotutc Mcnolodblc ma Olvastoebdoc Olvastoebdoclas las Bercpadubrobs y Hcrastb`as (OMOBH)

 

Olstotutc Mcnolodblc ma Olvastoebdoc Olvastoebdoclas las Bercpadubrobs y Hcrastb`as (OMOBH)

[cmramunira ma `b Dcrclb Dcrcl b ma` hrutc ma` iblblc al `b Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb

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]. [c`bldc [c`bl dc    M. [`clquat 9  E. Ecmcy @utz 2  Y. Nïlmaz 2  N. Nbrtîlaz 2 

]. [c`bldc 2 , M. [`clquat 9 , E. Ecmcy @utz 2 , Y. Nïlmaz 2 , N. Nbrtîlaz 2. 2 Olvastoebmcras al [rctaddoôl Xaeatb` ma` Olstotutc Mcnolodblc ma Olvastoebdoclas Bercpadubrobs y Hcrastb`as. 9Astumoblta Erbmubmc, Qlovarsombm Lbdoclb` [amrc Galrîquaz Qraòb, Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb.

 

Oltrcmuddoôl A` du`tovc ma iblblc (Dbvalmosg BBB) cdupb ul `uebr onpcrtblta al `b moatb ma` mcnolodblc dcnc hualta onpcrtblta ma dbricgomrbtcs al `b b`onaltbdoôl. A` iblblc as dclsunomc tbltc dcnc hrutb al su atbpb nbmurb y sb`dcdgbmc al su atbpb varma. A` prcnamoc ma axpcrtbdoôl ma iblblc al a` bòc 9;;= hua ma ulbs 1,9?9,749 ]N, ealarblmc ulcs 11 no``clas ma mô`bras. @b Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb as a` proldopb` axpcrtbmcr ma iblblc creâlodc, mastolblmc `b nbycrîb ma `bs axpcrtbdoclas b` nardbmc aurcpac, dcl nalcr dbltombm gbdob Astbmcs Qlomcs y Fbpôl. A` iblblc as ul axda`alta namoc ma prcvaar trbibfc rurb` b `b nblc ma cirb berîdc`b. @b [cmramunira ma `b Dcrclb ([D) ma` iblblc as ulb ma `bs alharnambmas qua bhadtb `b db`ombm ma `b hrutb ma axpcrtbdoôl. @b alharnambm sa masbrrc``b murblta `b hbsa ma trblspcrta (Hoeurb 2). @cs sîltcnbs cisarvbmcs al `cs puartcs ma mastolc dclsostal al pumrodoôl y ladrcsos al `b dcrclb qua sa axtoalmal gbstb `bs hrutbs, cisarvâlmcsa ul masbrrc``c noda`ob` ma dc`cr i`bldc al `b suparfldoa ma `b dcrclb. Astc bhadtb soelofldbtovbnalta a` nardbmc ma iblblc, yb qua a` nosnc mapalma ma astâlmbras ma db`ombm axoeomcs ibfc raeu`bdoclas aspadîfldbs ma `cs pbîsas onpcrtbmcras.

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Hoeurb 2. Hrutbs ma iblblc iblblc bhadtbmbs pcr `b [cmramunira ma `b Dcrclb Dcrclb al puartcs ma mastolc

Masdropdoôl ma `b alharnambm. 2. Toltcnbtc`ceî Toltcnbtc`ceîb b y bealtas dbusb`as @b alharnambm gb gb somc bscdobmb bscdobmb b hbdtcras ioôtodcs y bioôtodcs. Altra `cs hbdtcras ioôtodcs sa dclsomarbl vbrocs gclecs, tb`as dcnc6 Husbroun rcsaun, Dc``atctrodgun nusba, Ictrycmop`cmob tgacircnba, Xartodo``oun tgacircnba,  Bspareo``us spp. y [alodo``oun  spp., altra ctrcs (Tlcwmcl (Tlcwmcl 2??;, [`cazt at b`. 2??=, Ugota 9;;;). Astcs nodrccreblosncs bhadtbl `b dcrclb palatrblmc ibfc `cs dua``cs ma `cs mamcs dbusblmc su dbîmb: tbnioïl, olvbmal `b suparfldoa dcrtbmb ma `b dcrclb prcvcdblmc ulb pcmramunira sadb ma dc`cr laerc. Avb`ubdoclas rab`ozbmbs al Bnïrodb Bnïrodb Daltrb` pcr Eraal y Eccs (2?84) aldcltrbrcl qua Husbroun rcsaun, Xartodo``un tgacircnba y Dc``atctrodgun nusba huarcl `cs gclecs pramcnolbltas.

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Ascs gclecs huarcl tbnioïl dcnulas al `b [cmramunira ma `b Dcrclb al Âhrodb Âhrodb ma` Tur (Yctg y @cast @cast 2?81): saeöl Iurmal (2?85) Dc``atctrodgun nusba as a` gclec qua dbusb nbycr dbltombm ma [cmramunira [cmramun ira ma `b Dcrclb al Ruaals`blm. @b nbycrîb ma `cs gclecs dbusbltas ma `b [D sciravoval al `bs gcfbs y ﬉cras al `bs p`bltbdoclas. @bs aspcrbs scl mosparsbmbs pcr a` voaltc y `b ``uvob y sa bmgoaral b `bs hrutbs al a` rbdonc. @b olhaddoôl puama cdurror dublmc `bs aspcrbs ma` gclec altrbl al dcltbdtc dcl `b suparfldoa dcrtbmb ma `b dcrclb. @cs sîltcnbs gbl somc masdrotcs dcnc bi`blmbnoaltc y allaeradonoaltc ma `cs tafomcs al `b suparfldoa ma` dcrta ma `b dcrclb, cisarvâlmcsa bmanâs ncgc ma dc`cr i`bldc, eros c rcsbmc al `b suparfldoa dcrtbmb. @cs tafomcs olhadtbmcs sa tcrlbl laercs y `b pcmramunira puama bvblzbr gbdob a` pamöldu`c ma` mamc y, dcl a` toanpc, gbdob `b hrutb. Dublmc `b olhaddoôl olhaddoôl as savarb, `cs mamcs puamal dbarsa ma `b dcrclb a olmuda `b nbmurbdoôl pranbturb ma `b hrutb. @b savarombm ma `b [D mapalma ma` astbmc flsoc`ôeodc ma `b hrutb y ma dclmodoclas bnioaltb`as hbvcrbi`as. Altra `cs hbdtcras bioôtodcs ol﬉uyal a` astbmc flsoc`ôeodc ma `b hrutb y `b dcnpcsodoôl btncshïrodb al a` b`nbdalbnoaltc bltas y maspuïs ma `b nbmurbdoôl.

Nblafc ma `b [cmramunira ma `b Dcrclb ma` iblblc A` masbrrc``c ma `b alharnambm mapalma ma `b dbltombm ma olôdu`c, a` astbmc flsoc`ôeodc ma `b hrutb y `bs dclmodoclas bnioaltb`as, tb`as dcnc6 gunambm, tanparbturb y dcnpcsodoôl btncshïrodb. Al `b berodu`turb dclvaldoclb` sa ramudal `cs ahadtcs ma `b [D pcr namoc ma` trbtbnoaltc pcsdcsadgb dcl huleodombs b ibsa ma tgobialmbzc`, onbzb`o`, iotartblc` y bxczystrciolb, altra ctrcs. Tol anibrec, pcr `bs raeu`bdoclas y lcrnbs bdtub`as, `cs dclsunomcras manblmbl `b ramuddoôl al `cs trbtbnoaltcs pcsdcsadgb y b`eulcs prcmudtcs uto`ozbmcs gbl olmudomc rasostaldob. Ma @bpayra at 1

 

b`.  (2??5) aldcltrbrcl rasostaldob ma Dc``atctrodgun nusba  b

dcldaltrbdoclas ma tgobialmbzc` (2-1 ne/n@). Ctrbs olvastoebdoclas sueoaral `b olnarsoôl ma `bs hrutbs ma iblblc al beub db`oalta (=1 b =5 »D, pcr 21 b 4; nolutcs) dcnc trbtbnoaltc al a` dcltrc` ma `b alharnambm, (Yayas at b` . 2??7, Nbrrarc at b` . 2??7). @cs huleodombs uto`ozbmcs al a` iblblc dclvaldoclb` lc puamal sar uto`ozbmcs al a` iblblc creâlodc, maiomc b `bs lcrnbs qua raeu`bl `b berodu`turb creâlodb. @cs prcmudtcras ma iblblc creâlodc uto`ozbl âdomcs creâlodcs, parc `b ahadtovombm ma `bs hcrnu`bdoclas lc gb somc avb`ubmb. [brb matarnolbr `b ra`bdoôl altra `cs gclecs qua dcltbnolbl a` beub ma `bvbmc `bvbmc y a` masbrrc``c ma `b [D, sa rab`ozô ul nuastrac al dubtrc `bvbmarcs ma iblblc creâlodc al `b prcvoldob ma Bzub, Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb.

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Natcmc`ceîb Nuastrbs ma beub ma `bvbmarcs huarcl tcnbmbs ma `cs tuics qua bibstadal `cs astblquas ma `bvbmc, astblquas ma mas`btax, astblquas dcl su`hbtc ma b`unoloc y beub ma `bvbmc pra-anpbqua. Astbs nuastrbs huarcl prcdasbmbs ncmofldblmc `b natcmc`ceîb suearomb pcr Ma @bpayra at b` . (9;;;). Al a` beub ma `bvbmc ma `bs hrutbs sa bos`brcl `cs gclecs Dc``atctrodgun spp. , Husbroun  spp. y Durvu`brob spp. ma `bs moharaltas hualtas ma beub, axdaptc ma `b hualta qua bibstada `cs astblquas ma `bvbmc. Astcs gclecs huarcl olcdu`bmcs al hrutbs ma iblblc ibfc dclmodoclas ma `bicrbtcroc. @bs avb`ubdoclas sa rab`ozbrcl b `cs 29 y 27 mîbs, `c dub` as ul parocmc sono`br b` anibrqua ma `bs hrutbs masma `b Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb gbstb `cs puartcs ma mastolc. Mcs bos`bnoaltcs ma Dc``atctrodgun  y ulc ma Husbroun  dbusbrcl `cs sîltcnbs tîpodcs ma `b [D. @cs qua prasaltbrcl nbycr voru`aldob al `bs hrutbs huarcl `cs ma Dc``atctrodgun spp. Astcs gclecs dbusbrcl ladrcsos savarb al `b dcrclb y a` pamöldu`c, masbrrc``âlmcsa ul noda`oc ma dc`cr i`bldc al `b dcrclb, bmanâs ma bda`arbr `b nbmuraz ma `bs hrutbs.

Hoeurb 9. Tîltcnbs tîpodcs ma `b [D masbrrc``bmcs masbrrc``bmcs b `cs 29 mîbs maspuïs ma `b olcdu`bdoôl dcl Dc``atctrodgun spp. Bibfc b `b ozquoarmb sa puama cisarvbr a` tastoec sol olcdu`br 5

 

Nudgcs olvastoebmcras btroiuyal `b pumrodoôl ma `b dcrclb b ul dcnp`afc ma nodrccreblosncs: sol anibrec, al asta astumoc al `b olcdu`bdoôl rab`ozbmb dcl `b nazd`b ma `cs tras bos`bnoaltcs6 Dc``atctrodgun spp., Husbroun spp. y Durvu`brob spp. lc sa masbrrc``brcl sîltcnbs savarcs dcnc `cs prcmudomcs al `bs olcdu`bdoclas olmovomub`as. As onpcrtblta saòb`br qua lc huarcl bos`bmcs gclecs ma` tuic qua bibstada `cs astblquas ma `bvbmc ma `bs hrutbs, hr utbs, `c qua sueoara qua `b dcltbnolbdoôl puama cdurror murblta a` trblspcrta ma `bs hrutbs masma a` dbnpc gbstb `cs `bvbmarcs. Al asta astumoc tbnioïl sa rab`ozô ul axparonaltc pbrb avb`ubr `b afldbdob ma `cs âdomcs creâlodcs usbmcs pbrb `b pravaldoôl ma` masbrrc``c ma `b [D, tbltc al `b dbmalb ma rahroearbdoôl dcnc ibfc dclmodoclas ma `bicrbtcroc. Al `b dbmalb ma rahroearbdoôl lc sa aldcltrbrcl moharaldobs soelofldbtovbs altra astcs y `cs hrutcs tastoecs c sol bp`odbdoôl ma âdomcs. @cs âdomcs bsdôriodc, dîtrodc, `âdtodc, pb`notodc y nazd`bs ma astcs sa bp`odbrcl 9= gcrbs maspuïs ma `b olcdu`bdoôl ma `cs bos`bnoaltcs ma Dc``atctrodgun y Husbroun  b `b mcsos radcnalmbmb pcr `cs hbirodbltas. Ta cisarvô qua al prasaldob ma Dc``atctrodgun  spp., `cs âdomcs lc matuvoarcl a` masbrrc``c ma `b [D, noaltrbs qua `bs hrutbs tastoecs c sol bp`odbdoôl ma `cs âdomcs prasaltbrcl ulb ulb nbmurbdoôl râpomb.

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Yadcnalmbd oclas pbrb a` nblafc ma `b [cmramunira Yadcnalmbdoclas ma `b Dcrclb c

c

c

c

c

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Yab`ozbr nuastracs ma `bs beubs ma `bvbmc ma `bs hrutbs ma iblblc ma nblarb dcltolub al `bs ârabs prcmudtcrbs ma iblblc pbrb axpcrtbdoôl y, aspadob`nalta, al `b raeoôl Lcrcasta mclma `b [D astâ prasalta tbltc al iblblc dclvaldoclb` dclvaldocl b` dcnc al creâlodc. Omaltofldbr ctrcs prcmudtcs qua sabl parnotomcs ibfc a` nbrdc ma `b berodu`turb creâlodb, y qua puambl b su vaz sar radcnalmbmcs pbrb a` iblblc dclvaldoclb`. Yab`ozbr `bs `bicras ma `onpoazb ma` rbdonc al a` dbnpc pbrb avotbr c mosnoluor a` trblspcrta ma astcs gclecs al `bs gcfbs y ﬉cras gbdob `cs `bvbmarcs. [rcgoior a` usc ma gcfbs pbrb `b prctaddoôl ma `bs hrutbs al iblmafbs, pcrqua astbs puamal dcltbnolbr `bs hrutbs al a` `bvbmarc. Dbniobr dcl hradualdob a` beub ma `cs astblquas ma `bvbmc pbrb avotbr `b bdunu`bdoôl ma aspcrbs y nbtarob creâlodb qua puamb dclvartorsa al ulb hualta ma dcltbnolbdoôl. Oeub`nalta, masdcltbnolbr a` beub bltas ma ``aebr b` `bvbmarc. Alhrobr `bs hrutbs al `bs lavarbs olnamobtbnalta maspuïs ma` anpbqua, proldopb`nalta dublmc a` trblspcrta as `brec, bsî dcnc cptonozbr `b ambm ma dcrta namoblta `b onp`analtbdoôl ma sostanbs ma pravosoôl ma dcsadgb, pbrb mosnoluor a` astrïs y ratbrmbr a` masbrrc``c masbrrc``c ma `b [D.

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Berbmadonoaltcs 6  A` OMOBH berbmada `b dc`bicrbdoôl ma `bs soeuoaltas olstotudoclas6 c

Hbortrbma @bia``ole Creblozbtocl Oltarlbdoclb` (H@C). pcr a` bpcyc fllbldîarc.

c

c

c

c

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Bscdobdoclas ma [rcmudtcras Hbortrbma ma `b Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb6 Iblblc Adc`ôeodc ma `b @îlab Lcrcasta, (IBLA@OLC). Bscdobdoôl ma [rcmudtcras [rcmudtcras ma Iblblc Iblblc Creâlodc ma Holdb. 8, (BTCIBLBLC). Dccparbtovb ma [rcmudtcras ma Iblblc @cs ]bîlcs (DCC[YCIB]B). Dclsafc Lbdoclb` ma Olvastoebdoclas Bercpadubrobs y Hcrastb`as (DCLOBH). Daltra ma Dccpïrbtocl Oltarlbtoclb`a al Yadgardga Berclcnoqua pcur `a Mava`cppnalt (DOYBM). BVQBHYQ]T

Yaharaldobs Iurmal, F. 2?85. Ttumoas cl drcwl rct ch iblblbs. Rm. Berodu`turb` Fcurlb`. ?46 278. Ma @bpayra, @: Muicos, D. 2??5. Mostroiutocl ch ]gobialmbzc`a Yasostblt Dc``atctrodgun nusba  Osc`btas hrcn Eubmb`upa Iblblb [`bltbtocls. [`blt Mos. 726 2457-2474. Ma @bpayra, @: Dgo``at, N: Muicos, D: Ncurodgcl, W. 9;;;. Onpcrtblda ch mo﬋aralt scurdas ch olcdu`un blm mosparsb` natgcms ch dclomob ch Dc``atctrodgun nusba, tga dbusb` bealt ch iblblb bltgrbdlcsa, hcr hruot dcltbnolbtocl. 2;

[`blt [btgc`cey =?6 579-5?;.

 

Eraal, @: Eccs, Y. 2?84. Huleo bscdobtam wotg drcwl rct ch icxam iblblbs . [gytcpbtgc`cey. 146 952-951. OMOBH (Olstotutc Mcnolodblc ma Olvastoebdoclas Bercpadubrobs y Hcrastb`as). 9;;9. [rcyadtc Nafcrbnoaltc ma `b Db`ombm ma` Iblblc al dccparbtovbs ma paquaòcs prcmudtcras matras `b Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb. OMOBH y Bscdobdoclas ma [rcmudtcras ma Dcnardoc Fustc (Hbortrbma) ma `b Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb. Tbltc Mcnolec, MC. Nbrrarc, M: @ôpaz, f: [cnbr, [cnbr, N. 2??7. A﬋adts ch gct wbtar trabtnalts cl pcstgbrvast qub`oty blm atgy`ala syltgasos ch iblblbs. Bdtb Gcrtodu`turba (IA@), =?;6 19?-141. [`catz, Y: Valtny Valtnyar ar,, E: Losgofonb, L osgofonb, U: U: Ycgribdg, J. J . 2??=. Dcnpalmoun ch trcpodb` hruot mosabsas. B[T [rass QTB 77p. Yayas, N: Losgofonb, U: [bu``, [bu``, Y. 2??7. Dcltrc` ch drcwl rct ol Tbltb Dbtbrolb [rbtb blm Uo``obns‟s iblblb wotg gct wbtar trabtnalts. [cstgbrvast Ioc`cey blm ]adglc`cey ]adglc`cey (L@M), vc`. 2= (2)6 52-51. Yctg, E: @cast, H. H. 2?81. Dc``br rct ch iblblb gblms blm ots bsscdobtam nodrccreblosn. ]adg. Dcnn. Map. Berod. ]adg. Tarv. Tcutg Bhrodb ==62-2=. Tlcwmcl, @. 2??;. dc`cur ch pcst-gbrvast moscrmars chBhruot blmbt`bs vaeatbi`as. Xc` 26 mosabsa Ealarb`blm oltrcmudtocl blm hruot. Uc`ha sdoaltofld [ui`odbtocl, @clmcl, QJ. 4;9p. Ugota F. 9;;;. Avb`ubdoôl ma `b [cmramunir [cmramuniraa ma `b Dcrclb y prâdtodb ma pcstdcsadgb al sostanbs creâlodcs ma prcmuddoôl ma iblblc al Bzub. B zub. ]asos ]asos ma Nbastrîb al Movarsofldbdoôl Berîdc`b, Qlovarsombm Lbdoclb` [amrc Galrîquaz Qraòb (QL[GQ). Tbltc Mcnolec, MC.

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Olstotutc Mcnolodblc ma Olvastoebdoc Olvastoebdoclas las Bercpadubrobs y Hcrastb`as (OMOBH) Db``a Ybhba` Bueustc Tâldgaz Lc. 7?, 7?, Alsbldga Avbrostc Avbrostc Ncrb`as Tbltc Mcnolec, Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb ]a`.6 7;?-185-7??? / 7;?-874-99=; / Hbx6 7;?-185-?2?? A-nbo`6 omobhKomobh. omobhKomobh.crec.mc crec.mc Totoc Uai6 gttp6//www.omobh.cre.mc

Daltrc ma ]adlc`ceîbs Berîdc`bs Db``a prcerasc Lc. 2, [bltcfb, Tbltc Mcnolec Casta, Yapöi`odb Mcnolodblb ]a`.6 7;?-18=-==;2 / Hbx6 7;?-18=-==;; A-nbo`6 daltbKomobh daltbKomobh.cre.mc .cre.mc