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Page 2 of g *

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he po
e
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 g hara
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o ›r
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mgh
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he equ
a e pr ple be g eve
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h faul
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o
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er a
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h ›fra w
h repe

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o e here ). Y
how how eu
ral rule a lea
o ba a  par
al
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o  bae o
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h ›fra
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eral & moral well-be g & oal progre of  hab
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 o
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 beaue 
 o
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or 
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he o u
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e for Sou
h We
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he ͞are
ru
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for
h here have bee obl
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e  la

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al equal
  ow o ere a Y
Y oblga
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 a fu ame
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. Sou
hwe
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e 
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her
err
or b vr
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e  Ye. ha 
 guhe a
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rbal org  e
ablh g
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 a  u
e of
he  hab
a
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he Verr
or;
ha
uh pra
e   vola
o of 
 oblga
o  a 
a
e  ›r
le 2 of
he ¯a a
e a  ›r
le 22 of
he Cove a
of
he League of ?a
o ; a 
ha

he U o ha
he u
 for
hw
h
o

Page 3 of g *

eae
he pra
e of  Y
he Verr
or. Fur
hermore Sou
h ›fra b vr
ue of
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o al pole apple w
h SW› ha fale
o promo
e
o
he u
mo

he ma
eral a  moral well-be g a  oal progre of
he  hab
a
 of
he Verr
or;
ha

 falure
o o o   vola
o of 
 oblga
o  a 
a
e 
he eo  paragraph of ›r
le 2 of
he ¯a a
e a  ›r
le 22 of
he Cove a
; a 
ha

he U o ha
he u
 for
hw
h
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 vola
o  a aforea a 
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ake all pra
able a
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ru
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o " a  he e all vle a
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ere
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ha

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ha

h 
ere
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ake o a pefall legal hara
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elf mu
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e legal rgh
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mu
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o
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h
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e e
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effe
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he "are
ru
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e
whh oul o far a a  par
ular ma a
e  o er e opera
e Y Y
o gve re
o legal rgh
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e
he 
em a a whole.

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ha

he rule  voke b 
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h a o 
a
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e b
he S
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he expreo of a rgh
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he S
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he
err
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a
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le Ú of
he S
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he Cour
 whh refer
o 
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e aep
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of 
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he Colomba Gover me
ha referre
o a large umber of ex
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o . Y
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e o ve
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 whh o o
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he allege rule of u la
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ve qualfa
o uh a
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o of g889co 
er a
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he Bolvara ›greeme
of g9ggca 
he úava a Co ve
o of g928.cY
ha  voke o ve
o  whh have o
bee ra
fe b Peru uh a
he ¯o
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o  of g933 a  g939. Vhe Co ve
o of g933cha  fa
 bee ra
fe b o
more
ha eleve S
a
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he Co ve
o of g939 b
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a
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 par
ularl
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o of g933 whh Cou el for
he Colomba Gover me
ha alo rele o 
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o . Y
 o
e e
ha

h Co ve
o ha merel ofe pr ple whh were alrea reog e b La
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ha

 val aga 
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h Co ve
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o ² ¯ar
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er a
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 o
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h ue Vh 
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o
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er a
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her ver a
ure uep
ble of a repl bae o law . . . a ] appear . . .
o be que
o  of a legal hara
er". Y
f 
ha

he que
o pu

o
he Cour
b
he Ge eral ›embl   ee a legal o e  e
he Cour
 ake
o rule o
he ompa
bl
 of
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  w
h
he releva
pr ple a  rule of 
er a
o al law. Vo o
h
he Cour
mu
e
f
he ex
 g pr ple a  rule 
erpre

hem a  appl
hem
o
he
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or ue of ulear weapo 
hu offer g a repl
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h que
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alo ha pol
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h o ma  que
o  whh are  
er a
o al lfe oe o
uffe
o eprve 
of 
 hara
er a a "legal que
o " a 
o "eprve
he Cour
of a ompe
e e exprel o ferre o 
b 
 S
a
u
e". ?or are
he pol
al a
ure of
he mo
ve whh ma be a
o have  pre
he reque
or
he pol
al mpla
o 
ha

he op o gve mgh
have of releva e 
he e
ablhme
of
he Cour
' jur
o
o gve uh a op o . VY++Y+1 ! Y  +  Y Y/ Y
he lgh
of
he forego g
he Cour
o lue
ha

he mo
re
l releva
applable law gover  g
he que
o of whh 
wa ee 
ha
rela
 g
o
he ue of fore e hr e 
he U 
e ?a
o  Char
er a 
he law applable  arme o fl
whh regula
e
he o u
of ho
l
e
oge
her w
h a  pef
rea
e o ulear weapo 
ha

he Cour
mgh
e
erm e
o be releva
. .Y  Y   +Y Y1
+ Y  Y/cVhe Cour
o
e
ha
 orer orre
l
o appl
o
he pree
ae
he Char
er law o
he ue of fore a 
he law applable  arme o fl
  par
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ara law 
 mpera
ve for 

o
ake aou
of
he u que hara
er
 of ulear weapo  a   par
ular
her e
ru
ve apa

her apa

o aue u
ol huma uffer g a 
her abl

o aue amage
o ge era
o 
o ome.

  Y Y  Y+ 
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he aree
he que
o of
he legal
 or llegal
 of reoure
o ulear weapo  
he lgh
of
he provo  of
he Char
er rela
 g
o
he
hrea
or ue of fore. Y ›r
le 2 paragraph 4 of
he Char
er
he ue of fore aga 

he
err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e of a o
her S
a
e or  a  o
her ma er  o 
e
w
h
he purpoe of
he U 
e ?a
o   prohb
e. Vh prohb
o of
he ue of fore 
o be o ere 
he lgh
of o
her releva
provo  of
he Char
er. Y ›r
le 5g
he Char
er reog e
he  here
rgh
of  vual or olle
ve elf-efe e f a arme a

ak our. › fur
her lawful ue of fore  e vage  ›r
le 42 whereb
he Seur
 Cou l ma
ake ml
ar e foreme
meaure  o form
 w
h Chap
er MYY of
he Char
er. Vhee provo  o o
refer
o pef weapo . Vhe appl
o a  ue of fore regarle of
he weapo  emploe. Vhe Char
er e
her exprel prohb
 or perm

he ue of a  pef weapo   lu g ulear weapo . !YY   +  Vhe e

leme

o reor

o elf-efe e u er ›r
le 5g  ubje

o
he o 
o  of ee
 a  propor
o al
. ›
he Cour

a
e 
he ae o er  g 2+     +  %  Y
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² "
here  a pef rule whereb elf-efe e woul warra
c  whh are propor
o al
o
he arme a

ak a  eear
o repo 
o 
 a rule well e
ablhe  u
omar 
er a
o al law". Vhe propor
o al
 pr ple ma
hu o
 
elf exlue
he ue of ulear weapo   elf-efe e  all rum
a e. Bu
a

he ame
me a ue of fore
ha
 propor
o a
e u er
he law of elfefe e mu
  orer
o be lawful alo mee

he requreme
 of
he law applable  arme o fl
whh ompre  par
ular
he pr ple a  rule of huma 
ara law. › 
he Cour
o
e
ha

he ver a
ure of all ulear weapo  a 
he profou  rk aoa
e
herew
h are fur
her o era
o 
o be bor e  m  b S
a
e belev g
he a exere a ulear repo e  elf-efe e  aora e w
h
he requreme
 of propor
o al
. Y orer
o lee or elm a
e
he rk of u lawful a

ak S
a
e ome
me g al
ha

he poe er
a weapo 
o ue  elfefe e aga 
a  S
a
e vola
 g
her
err
oral 
egr
 or

Page + of g *

pol
al  epe e e. Whe
her a g ale 
e
o
o ue fore f er
a eve
 our  or  o
a "
hrea
" w
h ›r
le 2 paragraph 4 of
he Char
er epe  upo varou fa
or. Vhe o
o  of "
hrea
" a  "ue" of fore u er ›r
le 2 paragraph 4 of
he Char
er 
a 
oge
her 
he e e
ha
f
he ue of fore 
elf  a gve ae  llegal - for wha
ever reao -
he
hrea

o ue uh fore wll lkewe be llegal. Y hor
 f 

o be lawful
he elare rea e of a S
a
e
o ue fore mu
be a ue of fore
ha
  o form
 w
h
he Char
er. For
he re
 o S
a
e - whe
her or o

efe e
he pol of e
erre e - ugge
e
o
he Cour

ha

woul be lawful
o
hrea
e
o ue fore f
he ue of fore o
empla
e woul be llegal. +Y Y+ +Y + +Y +Y Y/ Y
er a
o al u
omar a 
rea
 law oe o
o
a a  pef prerp
o au
hor g
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  or a  o
her weapo  ge eral or  er
a rum
a e  par
ular
hoe of
he exere of leg
ma
e elf-efe e. ?or however 
here a  pr ple or rule of 
er a
o al law whh woul make
he legal
 of
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  or of a  o
her weapo  epe e
o a pef au
hora
o . S
a
e pra
e how
ha

he llegal
 of
he ue of er
a weapo  a uh oe o
reul
from a abe e of au
hora
o bu
 o
he o
rar  formula
e 
erm of prohb
o . ! Y Y Y+   "Y/ Y
oe o
eem
o
he Cour

ha

he ue of ulear weapo  a be regare a pefall prohb
e o
he ba of er
a provo  of
he Seo  úague Delara
o of g899
he „egula
o  a exe
o
he úague Co ve
o YM of g907 or
he g925 Ge eva Pro
ool. Vhe pa

er u
l ow ha bee for weapo  of ma e
ru
o
o be elare llegal b pef  
rume
. Bu

he Cour
oe o
f  a  pef prohb
o of reoure
o ulear weapo  
rea
e exprel prohb
 g
he ue of er
a weapo  of ma e
ru
o ; a  oberve
ha
 al
hough 
he la

wo eae a grea
ma  ego
a
o  have bee o u
e regar g ulear weapo 
he have o
reul
e  a
rea
 of ge eral prohb
o of
he ame k  a for ba
erologal a  hemal weapo . Vhe Cour
o
e
ha

he
rea
e eal g exluvel w
h aqu
o  ma ufa
ure poeo  eplome
a 
e
 g of ulear weapo  w
hou
pefall are g
her
hrea
or ue er
a l po

o a  rea g o er 
he 
er a
o al ommu 
 w
h
hee weapo ; Y
o lue from
h
ha

hee
rea
e oul
herefore be ee a forehaow g a fu
ure ge eral prohb
o of
he ue of uh weapo  bu

ha

he o o
o 

u
e uh a prohb
o b
hemelve. ›
o
he
rea
e of Vla
elolo a  „aro
o ga a 
her Pro
ool a  alo
he elara
o  mae  o e
o w
h
he  ef 
e ex
e o of
he Vrea
 o
he ?o Prolfera
o of ?ulear Weapo  
emerge from
hee  
rume

ha
² c a umber of S
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ake o

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he Sou
h Paf) or aga 
er
a o
her S
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e ( o - ulear-weapo S
a
e whh are par
e
o
he Vrea
 o
he ?o -Prolfera
o of ?ulear Weapo ); c ever
hele eve w
h
h framework
he ulear-weapo S
a
e have reerve
he rgh

o ue ulear weapo   er
a rum
a e; a  c
hee reerva
o  me
w
h o obje
o from
he par
e
o
he Vla
elolo or „aro
o ga Vrea
e or from
he Seur
 Cou l. c  Y Y Y)$! Y Y&#  Vhe Cour

he
ur 
o a exam a
o of u
omar 
er a
o al law
o e
erm e whe
her a prohb
o of
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  a uh flow


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elf able
o f 
ha

here  uh a #  Y
po
 ou

ha

he aop
o eah ear b
he Ge eral ›embl b a large major
 of reolu
o  reall g
he o
e
of reolu
o g653 (XMY) a  reque
 g
he member S
a
e
o o lue a o ve
o prohb
 g
he ue of ulear weapo   a  rum
a e reveal
he ere of a ver large e
o of
he 
er a
o al ommu 

o
ake b a pef a  expre prohb
o of
he ue of ulear weapo  a g fa

ep forwar alo g
he roa
o omple
e ulear armame
. Vhe  $ a +Y+  of a u
omar rule pefall prohb
 g
he ue of ulear weapo  a uh  hampere b
he $  c  be
wee
he ae
 # o
he o e ha  a 
he 
ll 
ro g ahere e
o
he $ c c$ ( whh
he rgh

o ue
hoe weapo  
he exere of
he rgh

o elf-efe e aga 
a arme a

ak
hrea
e  g
he v
al eur
 
ere
 of
he S
a
e  reerve) o
he o
her.  Y  +  + ›f
er ke
h g
he h
oral evelopme
of
he bo of rule whh org all were alle "law a  u
om of war" a  la
er ame
o be
erme "
er a
o al huma 
ara law"
he Cour
oberve
ha

he ar al pr ple o
a e 
he
ex
 o 

u
 g
he fabr of huma 
ara law are
he follow g. Vhe fr
 ame a

he pro
e
o of
he vla popula
o a  vla obje
 a  e
ablhe
he 
 
o be
wee omba
a
 a  o -omba
a
; S
a
e mu
ever make vla 
he obje
of a

ak a  mu
o eque
l ever ue weapo 
ha
are  apable of 
 guh g be
wee vla a  ml
ar
arge
. ›or g
o
he eo  pr ple 
 prohb
e
o aue u eear uffer g
o omba
a
² 
 aor gl prohb
e
o ue weapo  au g
hem uh harm or uelel aggrava
 g
her uffer g. Y appla
o of
ha
eo  pr ple S
a
e o o
have u lm
e freeom of hoe of mea  
he weapo 
he ue. 2 Y+YVhe Cour
alo refer
o
he ¯ar
e  Claue whh wa fr
 lue 
he úague Co ve
o YY w
h „epe

o
he Law a  Cu
om of War o La  of g899 a  whh ha prove
o be a effe
ve mea  of are g
he rap evolu
o of ml
ar
eh olog. › moer vero of
ha
laue 
o be fou   ›r
le g paragraph 2 of ›
o al Pro
ool Y of g977 whh rea a follow² A3 - E
oppel a  aquee e are ge eral pr ple of law whh a be a ba of 
er a
o al law.   $*!1 - Vhala  a  Camboa are aga o
he verge of war beaue of
h. - Vhee pr ple are exa
l
he ame o e fou  
he Cvl Coe. Wha
are
he eleme
 of e
oppel g] a
or repree
a
o 2] rela e 3] amage Vhe Cour
hel
ha

he Vemple of Preah Mhear wa 
ua
e 
err
or u er
he overeg
 of Camboa a   o eque e
ha
Vhala  wa u er a oblga
o
o w
hraw a  ml
ar or pole fore or o
her guar or keeper 
a
o e b her a

he Vemple or  
 v 
 o Camboa
err
or. Y
alo fou 
ha
Vhala  wa u er a oblga
o
o re
ore
o Camboa a  ulp
ure 
elae fragme
 of mo ume
 a 
o e moel a  a e
po

er whh mgh
  e
he a
e of
he oupa
o of
he Vemple b Vhala   g954 have bee remove from
he Vemple or
he Vemple area b
he Vha au
hor
e. %+   Y
YY + +Y + Y Y+ .YYYVhe map wa ever formall approve b
he ¯xe Commo  whh ha eae
o fu 
o ome mo
h before 
 prou
o . Whle
here oul be o reao able oub

ha

wa bae o
he work of
he urve g offer 
he Da grek e
or
he Cour
ever
hele o lue
ha
  
  ep
o  
ha o b  g hara
er. Y
wa lear from
he reor however
ha

he map were ommu a
e
o
he Samee Gover me
a purpor
 g
o repree

he ou
ome of
he work of elm
a
o ;  e
here wa o rea
o o
he par
of
he Samee au
hor
e e
her
he or for ma  ear
he mu
be hel
o have aquee. Vhe map were moreover ommu a
e
o
he Samee member of
he ¯xe Commo  who a o
h g.
o
he Samee ¯ 
er of
he Y
eror. Yf
he Samee au
hor
e aep
e
he › ex Y map w
hou
 ve
ga
o 
he oul o
ow plea a  error v
a
 g
he real
 of
her o e
. Vhe Samee Gover me
a  la
er
he Vha Gover me
ha rae o quer abou

he › ex Y map pror
o 
 ego
a
o  w
h Camboa  Ba gkok  g958. Vhala  ha ever
hele o
 ue alo
o ue a   ee
o publh map how g Preah Mhear a l g  Camboa. ¯oreover 
he oure of
he ego
a
o  for
he g925 a  g937 Fra o-Samee Vrea
e whh o frme
he ex
 g fro
er a   g947  Wah g
o before
he Fra o-Samee Co la
o Commo  
woul have bee a
ural for Vhala 
o rae
he ma

er² he  o
o o. Vhe a
ural  fere e wa
ha
he ha aep
e
he fro
er a
Preah Mhear a 
wa raw o
he map rrepe
ve of 
 orrepo e e w
h
he wa
erhe l e. ¯oreover whe  g930 Pr e Damro g o a v

o
he Vemple wa offall reeve
here b
he Fre h „ee
for
he ajo  g Camboa prov e Sam fale
o rea
. From
hee fa

he our
o lue
ha
Vhala  ha aep
e
he


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

› ex Y map. Eve f
here were a  oub

h o e
o  Vhala  wa prelue from aer
 g
ha
he ha o
aep
e 
 e Fra e a  Camboa ha rele upo her aep
a e a  he ha for ff
 ear e joe uh be ef
 a
he Vrea
 of g904 ha o ferre o her. Fur
hermore
he aep
a e of
he › ex Y map aue 

o e
er
he
rea
 e

leme
;
he Par
e ha a

ha

me aop
e a 
erpre
a
o of
ha
e

leme
whh aue
he map l e
o preval over
he provo  of
he Vrea
 a  a
here wa o reao
o
h k
ha

he Par
e ha a

ahe a  peal mpor
a e
o
he l e of
he wa
erhe a uh a ompare w
h
he overr g mpor
a e of a f al regula
o of
her ow fro
er
he Cour
o ere
ha

he 
erpre
a
o
o be gve ow woul be
he ame.

2 + 3 Ý Co 
a
a  u form pra
e be
wee 
a
e  alo a oure of 
er a
o al law. Vhere  o ee
o reor

o ge eral 
er a
o al u
om or
o ge eral pr ple of law  po g of uh ae whe
here  a  c$ $ be
wee
he par
e.  Por
ugal ha a
err
or 
he Y a Pe  ula mae up of
he
hree 
r
 of Goa Dama a  Du. Vhe 
r
of Dama ompre  a
o
o 
 l

oral
err
or
wo parel of
err
or omple
el urrou e b
he
err
or of Y a whh o 

u
e e lave² Dara a  ?agar-›vel. Por
ugal ha bee pa g
hrough Y a
err
or
hrough
he ear  orer
o
he e lave of Dara a  ?agar- ›vel. úowever  g954
he Gover me
of Y a preve
e Por
ugal from exer g
h rgh
of paage. Por
ugal lam
ha

here wa a loal u
om  
 favor w
h
he rgh
of paage over
he
err
or. Por
ugal lam
ha

he e al of paage b Y a wa o e ue
o Y a  ope ampag
o a ex Por
ugee
err
ore. m YY ++ Y YY   YVhe Cour
a
ha

 fful

o ee wh
he umber of S
a
e be
wee whh a loal u
om ma be e
ablhe o
he ba of lo g pra
e mu
eearl be larger
ha
wo. Vhere  o reao wh lo g o
 ue pra
e be
wee
wo S
a
e aep
e b
hem a regula
 g
her rela
o  houl o
form
he ba of mu
ual rgh
 a  oblga
o  be
wee
he
wo S
a
e. c VY Y Y  Y Y  Y Y   Y +YVhe que
o wa pu

o
he Cour
 repe
of
he pu
e whh ha are be
wee Y a a  Por
ugal w
h regar
o ob
ale plae b Y a 
he wa of paage. Y
wa  uppor
of
h o
e
o
ha

 voke 
 rgh
of paage a  ake
he Cour

o elare
he ex
e e of
ha
rgh
. Vh be g o 

he eve of
he rea
o of
hee ob
ale
ha
mu
be ele
e a
he 
ar
 g po
whh
o aer
a whe
her or o
Por
ugal poee uh a rgh
. 
  
YW
h regar
o prva
e pero  vl offal a  goo  ge eral
here ex
e ur g
he Br
h a  po
-Br
h pero a o 
a
a  u form pra
e allow g free paage be
wee Dama a 
he e lave. Vh pra
e hav g o
 ue over a pero ex
e  g beo  a e
ur a  a quar
er u affe
e b
he ha ge of regme  repe
of
he 
erve  g
err
or whh ourre whe Y a beame  epe e
. Pra
e wa aep
e a law b
he Par
e a  ha gve re
o a rgh
a  a orrela
ve oblga
o . Y g954 a rgh
of paage over 
erve  g Y a
err
or be
wee oa
al Dama a 
he e lave a  be
wee
he e lave  repe
of prva
e pero  vl offal a  goo  ge eral
o
he ex
e


Page g) of g *

eear a lame b Por
ugal for
he exere of 
 overeg
 over
he e lave a  ubje

o
he regula
o a  o
rol of Y a. Vhere wa a lear 
 
o be
wee
he pra
e perm

 g free paage of prva
e pero  vl offal a  goo  ge eral a 
he pra
e requr g prevou au
hora
o  a 
he ae of arme fore arme pole a  arm a  ammu 
o . Vhere wa o rgh
of paage  favour of Por
ugal  volv g a orrela
ve oblga
o o Y a ha bee e
ablhe  repe
of arme fore arme pole a  arm a  ammu 
o . Vhe oure of eal g e
ablhe be
wee
he Por
uguee a 
he Br
h au
hor
e w
h repe

o
he paage of
hee a
egore exlue
he ex
e e of a  uh rgh
. Vhe pra
e
ha
wa e
ablhe how
ha
 w
h regar
o
hee a
egore 
wa well u er
oo
ha
paage oul
ake plae o l b permo of
he Br
h au
hor
e. Vh 
ua
o o
 ue ur g
he po
-Br
h pero. ! Y  Y  ++
 Y #Y   Y
+   Y Y  Y vew of
he
e o
he preval g  
erve  g Y a
err
or
he Cour
 u able
o hol
ha
Y a  refual of paage
o
he propoe elega
o a  
 refual of va
o Por
uguee a
o al of Europea org a 
o a
ve Y a Por
uguee 
he emplo of
he Por
uguee Gover me
wa a
o o
rar
o 
 oblga
o reul
 g from Por
ugal  rgh
of paage. Por
ugal  lam of a rgh
of paage  ubje

o full reog 
o a  exere of Y a overeg
 over
he 
erve  g
err
or a  w
hou
a  mmu 
  favour of Por
ugal. Y a  refual of paage 
hoe ae wa 
he rum
a e overe b 
 power of regula
o a  o
rol of
he rgh
of paage of Por
ugal.

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ha

he Phlpp e ma be hel a
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e of
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o Palma a 
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re Phlpp e arhpelago a ee 
ll 
woul o
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he Phlpp e  ueo
o
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o . Fur
hermore u er ex
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a
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h 6 Wah g
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ue of
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woul be o
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he ?e
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he hgh ea be
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u w
h
he Vurkh oller Bo Kour
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wo a  a k. Egh
Vurkh a
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u wa L
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e . L
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e b
he Vurkh au
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e
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e
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he Vurkh au
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e pro
e
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he Vurkh Cour

o
he Fre h Cour
. Vhe par
e ubm

e
he o fl

o

he Cour
a

he úague. c 0  Y Y + 
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er a
o al law a
pree

ha
far from la g ow a ge eral prohb
o
o
he effe

ha
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her ae ever S
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he e e
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e ma exere a  k  of jur
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here  o
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o whh
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he S
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her
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 whh 
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h 

err
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or
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ha

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ha

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omar 
er a
o al law whh e
ablhe
he exluve jur
o of
he S
a
e whoe flag wa flow . c

(  
 Yccc c ccc,c c$c1$ cc  c c c $ /cc   $*!1›l
hough bo
h e were able
o pree
eve e e
ablh g
her overeg
 over
he area uh a expe
o  gra
 g of o eo  legla
o  e
. wha
wo 
for De mark wa cc$0 $$ beaue of
he Yhle Delara
o . ›l
hough aquee e  o
a mea  of aqur g

le 
 a proof of a be

er lam. Vhere  equal prepo era e of eve e pree
e b bo
h 
a
e a
o
her oupa
o of a er
a por
o of Gree la . úowever ?orwa  poeo wa c cc$$ccc  .e.
here wa


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

c

c   whh  o e of
he 2 requreme
 of overeg
. Y
 o
have
he 
e

o poe  behalf of a overeg . „emember
ha

 cc $c cc c

. Vhere mu
alo bec / ?orwa  
 prolama
o of Jul g0 g93g a
ha


ak g poeo of whh  ͞offall o frme a  whh  ͞plae u er ?orwega overeg
 of Elrk „aue La   Ea
er Gree la . Vh prolama
o wa r
e for 
 falure
o pef
he lm
 of
he oupa
o bu

mu
have bee 
e e
ha
o
he ea
er e of
he ea a 
he we
er e
he ͞ la  e houl o 

u
e
he lm
 of
he area oupe. Vh g93g Prolama
o of ?orwa
rggere
he o
rover be
wee De mark a  ?orwa. De mark lam
ha

he overeg
 whh 
e jo over Gree la  ha ex
e for a lo g
me ha bee o
 uoul a  peaefull exere a  u
l
he pree
pu
e ha o
bee o
e
e b a  Power. ›lo De mark lam
ha
?orwa b
rea
 or o
herwe herelf reog e Da h overeg
 over Gree la  a a whole a 
herefore a o
pu
e 
. ?orwa lam
ha
De mark poee o overeg
 over
he area whh ?orwa oupe o Jul g0 g93g a 
ha
a

he
me of
he oupa
o
he area wa Y ++.   Y Y› lam
o overeg
 bae o
upo ome par
ular a
or

le uh a a
rea
 of eo bu
merel upo o
 ue pla of au
hor
  volve
wo eleme
 eah of whh mu
be how
o ex
²
he 
e
o a  wll
o a
a overeg  a  ome a
ual exere or pla of uh au
hor
. › o
her rum
a e whh mu
be
ake 
o aou
b a 
rbu al whh ha
o ajua
e upo a lam
o overeg
 over a par
ular
err
or 
he ex
e

o whh
he overeg
  alo lame b ome o
her Power. Y mo
of
he ae  volv g lam
o
err
oral overeg
 whh have ome before a 
er a
o al
rbu al
here have bee
wo ompe
 g lam
o
he overeg
 a 
he
rbu al ha ha
o ee whh of
he
wo 
he 
ro ger. O e of
he peular fea
ure of
he pree
ae 
ha
up
o g93g
here wa o lam b a  Power o
her
ha De mark
o
he overeg
 over Gree la . Y ee up
ll g93g o Power pu
e
he Da h lam
o overeg
.  Y Y
  .Y Co que
o l opera
e a a aue of lo of overeg
 whe
here  war be
wee
wo S
a
e a  b reao of
he efea
of o e of
hem overeg
 over
err
or pae from
he loer
o
he v
orou S
a
e. Vhe pr ple oe o
appl  a ae where a e

leme
ha bee e
ablhe  a 
a
ou
r a  
  hab
a
 are maare b
he aborg al popula
o . ?or 
he fa
of "o que
" e
ablhe. Y
 k ow ow
ha

he e

leme
 mu
have appeare a
a earl a
e bu
a

he
me
here eem
o have bee a belef
ha
ep
e
he lo of o
a
a 
he lo of k owlege of
he whereabou
 of
he e

leme
 o e or bo
h of
hem woul aga be overe a  fou 
o o
a
he ee a
 of
he earl e

ler.  Y Y
  +  Y Vhere  o
h g
o how a  ef 
e re u a
o o
he par
of
he K g of ?orwa or De mark. ›lo ep
e hav g o 
eroure w
h Gree la 
he
h
ra
o of
he K g  rgh
 lve o  a  
he earl par
of
he g7 Ce
ur a revval of 
ere
 Gree la  o
he par
of bo
h
he K g a  of h people
ook plae. Vha
pero wa a era of ave
ure a  explora
o . Vhe example e
b
he avga
or of foreg ou
re wa  pr g a  a ere aroe  ?orwa a  De mark
o reover
he
err
or whh ha bee ubje

o
he overeg
 of
he K g' a e
or 
he pa
.

Page )3 of g *

!  1ÝY "+ YY)Y    YY+ 1 !6Vhe bure of proof le o ?orwa
o prove
ha
De mark ue
he wor ͞Gree la  o l
o mea
he olo e o
he We
Coa
. Vhe geographal mea  g of
he wor "Gree la " .e.
he ame whh  hab
uall ue 
he map
o e om a
e
he whole la  mu
be regare a
he or ar mea  g of
he wor. Y
he op o of
he Cour
 ?orwa ha o
ueee  e
ablh g her o
e
o . Y
 o
uffe
for her
o how
ha
 ma  of
hee legla
ve a  am 
ra
ve a
 a
o wa o l
o be
ake 
he olo e. Vhe fa

ha
mo
of
hee a
 were o er e w
h wha
happe e 
he olo e a 
ha

he olo e were all 
ua
e o
he We
oa
 o
b 
elf uffe
grou  for hol g
ha

he au
hor
  vr
ue of whh
he a
wa
ake ʹ whe
her legla
ve or am 
ra
ve ʹ wa alo re
r
e
o
he olo e area. U le 
wa o re
r
e 
affor o grou  for 
erpre
 g
he wor ͞Gree la  
h re
r
e e e. m Y+.YYY !  
he ¯ 
er of Foreg ›ffar of ?orwa a  Swee (Swee ha o
rol over ?orwa ur g
h
me) wro
e
o
he Br
h ¯ 
er  S
okholm
ha

he K g of Swee a  ?orwa agree
o re ou e  favor of
he K gom of De mark
her lam over Yela  Gree la  a 
he Faroe Yla . Vhe le

er wa wr

e beaue ?orwa-Swee wa ak g for
he 
erve
o of
he Br
h Pr e „ege
 e

l g 
 ffere e w
h De mark epeall w
h 
 f a al oblga
o  u er
he Vrea
 of Kel. › eo  ere of u er
ak g b ?orwa reog  g Da h overeg
 over Gree la   affore b varou bla
eral agreeme
 o lue b ?orwa w
h De mark a  b varou mul
la
eral agreeme

o whh bo
h De mark a  ?orwa were o
ra
 g Par
e  whh Gree la  ha bee erbe a a Da h olo  or a form g par
of De mark or  whh De mark ha bee allowe
o exlue Gree la  from
he opera
o of
he agreeme
. ›lo De mark ma
a e
ha

he prome b  g9g9 b ¯. Yhle 
he ?orwega ¯ 
er for Foreg affar peak g o behalf of h Gover me
ebarre ?orwa from proee g
o a  oupa
o of
err
or  Gree la  eve f he ha o
b o
her a
 reog e a ex
 g Da h overeg

here.

ú(%& 
úú#8(

%* G( 286+ 32 ;= 3

   Y   +Y Y
 1YY Y #  ++   +Y
+ 7  UK a  Fra e eek
o e
ablh overeg
 over
he ¯ quer Group a  Ereho Group of le
 a  rok b 
 g a e


le a 
rea
e. UK wo beaue of 6 c$c   ,7 pefall referr g
o² g] Jere our
 exer g rm al jur
o for earl g00 ear; 2] Jere law requre
he hol g of  que
 o orpe fou  
he area; 3] houe bul

he area were aee for
he lev g of
axe; 4] le  g of fh g boa
; 5] real e
a
e o
ra
 rela
 g
o proper
 
he area were reg
ere 
he publ reg
r of ee; 7] Jere u
om au
hor
e e
ablhe a u
om houe for
he purpoe of a e u.

   !    2 +%!3


c cc  c9 c 
¬ Vc

Vc

¬

¬

Y o ea a  ¯alaa la lam over
he la  of Lg
a a  Spaa . Bo
h ou
re 
e
rea
e olo al Y

Y  Ya 

le b ueo a proof of ow erhp. m

Y Y cYCJ rule  favor of ¯alaa beaue effe
ve oupa
o wa prove b 
 ͞effe
ve a
 of am 
ra
o  pefall² g] 
 regula
o o ga
her g of
ur
le egg; 2] 
 bul g of lgh
houe; 3] 
 elara
o of a br a 
uar.

Page )J of g *

o ep
eal w
h a
 of am 
ra
o . Vheo u
of
he am 
ra
ve au
hor
e a proof of
he effe
ve exere of
err
oral jur
o 
he rego ur g olo al pero. ¯ap 
a  g alo e o o
o 

u
e
err
oral

le (oume
e owe b 
er a
o al law w
h 
r  legal fore for
he purpoe of e
ablh g
err
oral rgh
). úowever
he ma be ue alo e w
h o
her eve e
o e
ablh real fa
. Y
woul have ha a legal fore f a exe
o a legla
ve or exeu
ve eree.

(  +)2 ;;13 Vc

Vc

Vc

Vc

Vc Vc

Vhe pu
e rela
e
o ow erhp over
he re ea la  be
wee Er
rea whh lam

le c$$  a  eme whh lam

le c  $c cc  $c . !  +Y Y Y
al Er
rea  preeeor  o
ob
a

le
o
he
err
or u er
he Vrea
 of Laua e beaue 
wa prove
ha

he alle power have e

o agree o who a lam overeg
 over
he
err
or. Vherefore Er
rea  o
ga

le b ueo . !    +Y ¯eeval eme ha o o ep
of
err
oral overeg
. Vherefore eme a o
lam

le b au
oma
 revero .

 .Y  Y   + Y0+ 
   Vhe our
wll e
erm e who ha a be

er lam. Vhe group of la  ee o
be aware
o o e lama
. m

Y Y cEffe
ve oupa
o  uh a pe
roleum o eo     Yeve e of

le.

  YcVh  a me
ho b whh 9c  a be a

rbu
e
o a S
a
e  overeg
. Ycc$cc

c cc$c. Vhe ¯ohabbakah Yla  loa
e w
h
he
err
oral ea of Er
rea properl belo g
o 
.

%&&(

 '  2"+3 2 ;>A3 m Y+ +Y Sam (Vhala )  e
oppe from que
o  g
he elm
a
o 
he map beaue g] Sam  o
rea

o
he map whe 
wa o pree
e; 2] Fra e (Camboa) rele o Sam  o -obje
o .

   Ý  25 ?+%32 ;1>3 Vhe pu
e rela
e
o
he 

 ccccc$

c  be
wee
he former olo e of Upper Mol
a ( ow Burk a Fao) a  Sua ( ow ¯al) a  her
e from
he Fre h am 
ra
o a  ex
 g a

he mome
of  epe e e. YCJ ue
he     /   a  looke 
o eve e of olo al her
age   Y ˜  +YcVh pr ple prove    c  cc$ c ur g
he olo al pero a  mpoe
he oblga
o
o $c91  c  c  
he eve
of c$$ . Y
am
o $c$ccc   c  a

he mome
whe  epe e e  aheve.cVhe ra
o ale for
h pr ple 
ha

he  $cc c  cc0  ee a
he  c$  orer
o preerve wha
ha bee aheve b people who have 
ruggle for
her  epe e e a 
o avo a rup
o .  m

Y  Y8Y

Y Y 8Y Y "$ c$$   a moe of aqur g

le whh eek
o prove

le
o
he
err
or. Vh o ep
eal w
h
he exere of overeg
 of a 
a
e over a par
ular
err
or.  m

Y  Y8++Y

Y Y8Y Y/ .c$$   a moe of aqur g

le whh eek
o prove am 
ra
ve bou are. Vh

"!+2 ;;c VY

+ Y
he ame ear. 

 + 8 YY  Fra e uefull aqure

le b oupa
o .  $c$$   o
requre where² g]
err
or  Y ++8 2] a

he
me
he oup g 
a
e make 
 appeara e
here; a  3]
ak g of poeo a  
e

o poe  how b a publ elara
o of overeg
. c

,    !, $* Whe ol wa overe ma  ou
re la lam over 
. Ch a bae 
 lam o over effe
ve oupa
o  a  reog 
o . Vhe Phlpp e bae 
 lam o effe
ve oupa
o af
er Japa re ou e 


le over
he la . Vhe ar
le ue
he moe of aqur g
err
or. 2Y %. 
VY   1  m

Y Y cEffe
ve oupa
o 
he offal exere of exluve au
hor
 b a oup g 
a
e or a  au
hore pero  w
h or w
hou
phal oupa
o epe  g o whe
her or o

he la   u  hab
e (+Y +%   ). ?o
e
ha

err
or mu
be Y ++  %. Y Y  c›qu
o of
err
or reul
 where
here  lo g a  o
 ue poeo . $ Y  +Y

Y    Y%.  VY   1 m Y+ E
oppel  a ge eral pr ple of 
er a
o al law whh prelue a o
her lama
from aqur g

le. ÝY 8 Y  +YcDover alo e gve
he lama
merel a  hoa
e

le. Vh mu
o ur w
h effe
ve oupa
o for
here
o be aqu
o of proper
 (+  +Y). ?o
e
ha

err
or mu
be Y ++

YPoeo  a 
ro g eve e of

le whe ouple w
h effe
ve oupa
o  bu
 o
e ough o 
 ow for
he aqu
o of

le. ?o
e
ha
poeo requre YY   YYcVhere  o 
ru
ve poeo of
he whole la  or arhpelago where a oa
of
he la  or a la  le
rok of
he arhpelago have bee a
uall oupe b


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

a o
her 
a
e. Vhere a be o o 
ru
ve poeo where
he oupe la   o far 
a
from
he o
her 
he group.  
 cCo
gu
 merel rae a preump
o of oupa
o . .Y cCo que
 a mea  b whh
err
or a be aqure b a e em
hrough
he omple
e a  f al ubjuga
o of
he
err
or ouple w
h
he e em  elara
o of 
 
e
o
o o quer. Co que
wa o e a aep
e orm bu
 ow llegal.



Y
Y 
Y 








  


Page )+ of g *

++  Y
YY+     Y  Y
YY+Y Y+ 
  
 Y +
0  Y#  , Y +Y  YYY+ "Y Y +0  Y YY Y#  m
+ +Y

 +82 ;1>3 US ml
ar la m e  ?aragua 
er al wa
er a   

err
oral ea a  alo g ?aragua por
 au g ma
eral amage
o ?aragua a   oe
veel. Vhe US Gover me
 o
ue a  publ a  offal war  g
o 
er a
o al hpp g of
he ex
e e a  loa
o of
he m e.

c /c Y " 'c(' ".c c Y
er al wa
er are all wa
er la war from
he bael e of
he
err
or (rver lake ba e
). Sovereg
 over
hee 
he ame  ex
e
a overeg
 over la  a   o
ubje

o
he rgh
of  oe
paage. úowever  0% % 
he arb
ra
or a
ha
aor g
o 
er a
o al law por
 of ever 
a
e mu
be ope
o foreg veel a  a o l be loe whe v
al 
ere
 of
he 
a
e o requre. Bu
aor g
o ! 
 0a oa
al 
a
e ma regula
e ae
o 
 por
. Ba are well-marke  e
a
o  whoe pe e
ra
o   uh propor
o
o
he w
h of 
 mou
h a
o o
a la -loke wa
er a  o 

u
e more
ha a mere urva
ure of
he oa
. Vo be o ere a ba
he area of
he  e
a
o mu
be a large a or larger
ha 
ha
of a em-rle whoe ame
er  a l e raw aro
he mou
h of
ha
 e
a
o ( YY( +Y Y ). ú
or ba are
hoe whh are
rea
e b
he oa
al 
a
e a 
er al wa
er o
he ba of h
or rgh
 ak owlege b o
her 
a
e. 90 1  Y
YY+   
  ++  !m00 Y Y V Y  Y Y, Y!
 ,  Y + Y  Y  +0  Y+ Y Y   +#     Y+Y

cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc C

c
cc: # c! c  c c # cccc! c cc=c   c cc# cc c cc c=cc c:  )c) cc c !c  !c

 Y + Y Coa
al S
a
e  Sovereg
 ex
e 
o 
er al wa
er a  arpae. Coa
al S
a
e  Law appl  Y
er al Wa
er. Vhe la g of m e w
h
he por
 of a o
her S
a
e  gover e b
he law rela
 g
o 
er al wa
er whh are ubje

o
he overeg
 of
he oa
al S
a
e. Vhe po
o  mlar a regar m e plae 
he
err
oral ea. Y

herefore
he overeg
 of
he oa
al S
a
e whh  affe
e  uh ae. Y
 alo b vr
ue of 
 overeg

ha

he oa
al S
a
e ma regula
e ae
o 
 por
. O
he o
her ha  

rue
ha
 orer
o e jo ae
o por
 foreg veel poe a u
omar rgh
of  oe
paage 
err
oral wa
er for
he purpoe of e
er g or leav g 
er al wa
er.  , YY !
 Y YSuh  guara
ee fr

he exluve eo om o e a  beo 
err
oral wa
er a  o
he hgh ea 
follow
ha
a  S
a
e whh e jo a rgh
of ae
o por
 for 
 hp alo e jo all
he freeom eear for mar
me avga
o . Yf
h rgh
of ae
o
he por
 h ere b
he la g of m e b a o
her S
a
e wha
  fr ge 
he freeom of ommu a
o  a  of mar
me ommere. ›
all eve
 
 er
a
ha

erfere e w
h avga
o 
hee area prejue bo
h
he overeg
 of
he oa
al S
a
e over 
 
er al wa
er a 
he rgh
of free ae e joe b foreg hp. /c "Y -Y'c."'c Vh 
he bel
of ea ou
war from
he bael e a  up
o g2 au
al mle beo . „egar g 
 w
h
he org al rule wa
he ͞a o ho
 rule where
he w
h wa meaure 
erm of
he


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

ra ge of hore-bae ar
ller. Vh la
er beame
he 3-mle rule. U er
he U?CLOS
he rule  ow g2 mle. Vake o
e however
ha
where
he appla
o of
he g2-mle rule
o eghbor g l

oral 
a
e woul reul
 overlapp g
he v g l e   
ea a mea l e equ
a
from
he oppo
e bael e. Bu

h equ
a
rule oe o
appl where h
or

le or o
her peal rum
a e requre a ffere
meaureme
. Vhe ex
e
of
he
err
oral ea epe  o
he bael e. Vhe bael e 
he low-wa
er l e alo g
he oa
a marke o large ale har
 offall reog e b
he oa
al S
a
e. Vhe w
h of
he
err
oral ea  meaure from
h l e. Vhere are 2 wa of raw g
he bael e. Vhe ͞ ormal bael e  raw follow g
he low-wa
er l e alo g
he oa
a marke o large-ale har
 offall reog e b
he oa
al S
a
e. Vh l e follow
he urva
ure of
he oa
a 
herefore woul ormall o
o 
of 
ragh
l e. Vhere  o fxe orm for e
erm  g
h low-wa
er l e or mark bu

he %
+(! Y
,Y YYugge
e u g
he mea be
wee
he hgh a  low
e. ›rhpelag 
a
e  
ea ue ͞
ragh
bael e. Vhee are raw o e
 g ele
e po
 o
he oa
w
hou
appreable epar
ure from
he ge eral hape of
he oa
. Vh wa
he me
ho ue 
he %
+(! Y
,Y YY a   ow  ›r
. 7(g) of U?CLOS. Vh ar
le prove
ha

ragh
bael e ma be ue where
he oa
l e  eepl  e
e a  u

o or f
here  a fr ge of la  alo g
he oa
 
 mmea
e v 
. Some guel e
o be oberve  u g
h me
ho² g.c
he raw g of 
ragh
bael e mu
o
epar

o a  appreable ex
e
from
he ge eral re
o of
he oa
2.c
he ea area l g w
h
he l e mu
be uffe
l loel l ke
o
he la  oma
o be ubje

o
he regme of 
er al wa
er 3.c
he bael e hall o
be raw
o a  from low-
e eleva
o  4.c
ake aou
of eo om 
ere
 peular
o
he rego o er e
he real
 a  mpor
a e of whh are learl eve e b lo g uage 5.c
h me
ho ma o
be apple  uh a ma er a
o u
off
he
err
oral ea of a o
her S
a
e from
he hgh ea or a EEZ (ex. S gapore) Vhe overeg
 of
he oa
al 
a
e over 

err
oral ea
he arpae above 
 a 
he eabe 
he ame a 
 overeg
 over 
 la 
err
or. úowever
he ea  ubje

o
he rgh
of  oe
paage b o
her 
a
e. Vhe rule o  oe
paage apple
o hp a  arraf
. Submar e however mu
urfae. Y oe
paage  avga
o
hrough wa
er  a expe
ou a  o
 uou ma er whh  o
prejual
o
he peae goo orer or eur
 of
he oa
al 
a
e. Some example of paage whh  o
 oe
are fh g pollu
 g weapo  pra
e p g reearh a
v
e a  a  o
her a
v
 o
hav g a re
bear g o paage. Coa
al 
a
e o have rgh
 of pro
e
o  whh 
he u la
eral rgh

o verf
he  oe
hara
er of paage. Vhu
he ma
ake eear 
ep
o preve
o
 oe
paage a 
he ma
emporarl upe 
he rgh
of  oe
paage f
h  ee
al for
he pro
e
o of 
 eur
. Vake o
e
ha
la  a  rok whh a o
u
a huma hab
a
o or eo om lfe have
her ow
err
oral ea. W
h
he
err
oral ea
he flag 
a
e ha rm al a  vl jur
o . úowever
here are exep
o . W
h repe

o rm al jur
o 
he oa
al 
a
e a exere 
 rm al jur
o 

Page * of g *

o e
o w
h a  rme omm

e o boar
he hp ur g 
 paage f² g.c
he o eque e of
he rme ex
e 
o
he oa
al 
a
e 2.c
he rme 
urb
he peae of
he ou
r or goo orer of
he
err
oral ea 3.c
he hp  ma
er or ploma
 age
o ular offer of
he flag 
a
e reque
e
he a
a e of
he loal au
hor
e 4.c 
 eear
o uppre ll

raff  aro
 rug. Vhe oa
al 
a
e ma exere 
 vl jur
o b lev g exeu
o or arre
 g
he hp o l  repe
of oblga
o  or labl
e aume or  urre b
he hp 
elf 
he oure of or for
he purpoe of 
 voage
hrough
he wa
er of
he oa
al 
a
e.

&:  2 ;= 3 Y g935 ?orwa elm
e a er
a fhere o e whh wa exluvel reerve
o 
 a
o al. Vh elm
a
o  u g 
ragh
bael e wa oppoe b
he UK. Vhe oa
al o e  volve ha a 
 
ve o fgura
o (lo g a  ver broke ). Vhe Cour
uphel
h ?orwega elm
a
o . Y Y+( Y  "+ For
he purpoe of meaur g
he brea
h of
he
err
oral ea 

he low-wa
er mark a oppoe
o
he hghwa
er mark or
he mea be
wee
he
wo
e whh ha ge erall bee aop
e 
he pra
e of S
a
e. Vh r
ero 
he mo
favourable
o
he oa
al S
a
e a  learl how
he hara
er of
err
oral wa
er a appur
e a

o
he la 
err
or. 0 
 Y+YY cVh me
ho o 
 of ele
 g appropra
e po
 o
he low-wa
er mark a  raw g 
ragh
l e be
wee
hem. Vh ha bee vall o e o
o l 
he ae of well-ef e ba bu
alo  ae of m or urva
ure of
he oa
l e where 
wa olel a que
o of gv g a mpler form
o
he bel
of
err
oral wa
er. !  &Y+YY Y++cBu

he ?orwega elm
a
o  
ll ubje

o er
a pr ple whh make 
poble
o juge
he elm
a
o  val
 u er 
er a
o al law. Vhe elm
a
o of ea area ha alwa a 
er a
o al ape
; 
a o
be epe e
merel upo
he wll of
he oa
al S
a
e a expree  
 mu pal law. ›l
hough 

rue
ha

he a
of elm
a
o  eearl a u la
eral a
 beaue o l
he oa
al S
a
e  ompe
e

o u er
ake 

he val
 of
he elm
a
o w
h regar
o o
her S
a
e epe  upo 
er a
o al law. Cer
a ba o era
o   here

he a
ure of
he
err
oral ea br g
o lgh
er
a r
era whh
hough o
e
rel pree a prove our
 w
h a aequa
e ba for
her eo  whh a be aap
e
o
he vere fa
  que
o . ›mo g
hee ome refere e mu
be mae
o
he loe epe e e of
he
err
oral ea upo
he la  oma . Y

he la  whh o fer upo
he oa
al S
a
e a rgh

o
he wa
er off 
 oa
. Y
follow
ha
whle uh a S
a
e mu
be allowe
he la

ue eear  orer
o be able
o aap

 elm
a
o
o pra
al ee a  loal requreme

he raw g of bae-l e mu
o
epar

o a  appreable ex
e
from
he ge eral re
o of
he oa
. › o
her fu ame
al o era
o 
he more or le loe rela
o hp ex
 g be
wee er
a ea area a 
he la  forma
o  whh ve or urrou 
hem. Vhe real que
o rae 
he hoe of bae-l e   effe
whe
her er
a ea area l g w
h
hee l e are uffe
l loel l ke
o
he la  oma
o be ubje

o
he regme of 
er al wa
er. Vh ea whh  a

he ba of
he e
erm a
o of
he rule rela
 g
o ba houl be lberall apple 
he ae of a oa

he geographal o fgura
o of whh  a u uual a
ha
of ?orwa. Vhe la
o era
o 
ha
of er
a eo om 
ere
 peular
o a


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

rego 
he real
 a  mpor
a e of whh are learl eve e b lo g uage.

( +ú     2 ;;A3 Vhe legal 
a
u of
he la  loa
e 
he Gulf of Fo ea beame a ue of pu
e;
he que
o of
he la  fro
er followe  g86g. Borer  e
 le
o mou
 g
e o be
wee El Salvaor a  úo ura a  ul
ma
el
o a arme o fl
 g969 +  Y+  ,Y?o e of
he la  ha bee
erra ullu  g82g
he a
e of  epe e e. Vhu overeg
 over
he la  ha bee aheve aor g
o
he u
 poe
 jur pr ple (olo al bou are are o
 uall aop
e). úowever
he appla
o of
h pr ple uffere from
he lak of oume

ha
mgh
have
e
fe learl
he apper
a a e of
he la 
o o e am 
ra
ve 
r
or
he o
her. Vhu
he Cour
wa fore
o o e
ra
e more o
he behavour of
he par
e w
h regar
o
he la  af
er g82g. O
h ba
he Cour
fou 
ha
El Vgre apper
a e
o úo ura a  ¯ea guera a  ¯ea guer
a
o El Salvaor. +  ,Y+˜ +7 Y  !$0  +7  Y    Y  +Co er g
he me o  a  propor
o 
he Gulf woul
oa be regare a a jural ba  aora e w
h U?CLOS. úowever
he Gulf wa o
a  gle S
a
e ba bu
o 

u
e a o alle h
oral ba whh  e
her ef e 
he g958 Co ve
o or 
he Co ve
o of g982. From
h fa

he Cour
o lue
ha

 eo ha
o be
ake o
he ba of u
omar 
er a
o al law. Cour
looke a

he Ce
ral ›mera Cour
of Ju
e of g9g7 o luo
ha

he Gulf of Fo ea effe
vel o 

u
e a "loe ea" belo g g
o all
hree oa
al S
a
e ommu all w
h
he exep
o of a
hree mle o e e
ablhe u la
erall b eah oa
al S
a
e. Vhu
he Ce
ral ›mera Cour
vewe
he Gulf of Fo ea a a o om um reul
 g from
he ueo of
he
hree S
a
e from Spa  g82g. U
l
he 
he Gulf ha bee a  gle S
a
e ba belo g g
o Spa alo e. ›or g
o
he Cour

he eo of
he Ce
ral ›mera Cour
u erl e
he fa

ha
a

he
me of  epe e e o bou are were elm
e 
he Gulf a 
hu
he wa
er ha rema e u ve. Cour
hel
ha
Gulf of Fo ea wa a ae of "h
or wa
er" whereb
he
hree oa
al S
a
e ha ueee
o ommu al overeg
. Y o
ra

o
he fro
er elm
e o la 
he wa
er of
he Gulf ha ever bee ve or o
herwe elm
e af
er
he  epe e e of
he
hree oa
al S
a
e. Vhu
he ommu al ueo for
he
hree S
a
e wa a logal o eque e of
he u
 poe
 jur pr ple w
h regar
o
he overeg
 of
he Gulf.

8   + 2 ;>=3 Cae  volve
he 
erpre
a
o of ome
erm ue 
he Submerge La  ›
. S
a
e of Calfor a a 
he Feeral gover me
are
r g
o e
erm e who ow  a  ha jur
o over
he ubol eabe of
he o
 e
al helf a 
he reoure loa
e
here alo g
he Calfor a. Vo reolve uh
he Cour
ue
he ef 
o of releva
mar
me
erm. ˜  Feeral gover me
ow  a  ha exluve jur
o over uh beo  3 mle eawar from
he oa
l e. Calfor a ow  a  ha exluve jur
o over uh w
h 3 mle or
he
ela  alo g 
 oa
(ef e a
he hore of
he ma la  a  of la  be
wee
he l e of mea hgh wa
er a 
he l e of mea lower low wa
er). ÝY  Cour
aop

he ef 
o  
he Y
er a
o al Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he Co
guou Zo e²

Page g of g *

͞Coa
l e - (›r
. 8 of
he Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he Co
guou Zo e) (a) Vhe l e of mea lower low wa
er o
he ma la  o la  a  o low-
e eleva
o  l g wholl or par
l w
h
hree geographal mle from
he l e of mea lower low wa
er o
he ma la  or o a la ; a  (b) Vhe l e mark g
he eawar lm
of  la  wa
er. Vh  lue mofa
o  b a
ural or ar
fal mea  a   lue
he ou
ermo
perma e
harbour work
ha
form a 
egral par
of
he harbour 
em "Yla " - a a
urall-forme area of la  urrou e b wa
er whh  above
he level of mea hgh wa
er; "Low-
e eleva
o " - a a
urall-forme area of la  urrou e b wa
er a
mea lower low wa
er whh  above
he level of mea lower low wa
er bu
o
above
he level of mea hgh wa
er; "¯ea lower low wa
er" -
he average eleva
o of all
he al lower low
e ourr g over a pero of g8.6 ear; "¯ea hgh wa
er" -
he average eleva
o of all
he hgh
e ourr g over a pero of g8.6 ear; "Geographal mle" - a 
a e of g852 me
er (6076.g0333 U.S. Surve Fee
or approxma
el 6076.gg549 Y
er a
o al Fee
). ͞„oa
ea - wa
er be
wee la  a  wa
er be
wee la  a 
he ma la  are o
per e  la  wa
er. "Y la  wa
er" (Par. 2(b) Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he Co
guou Zo e) wa
er la war of
he bael e of
he
err
oral ea a   lue² (a) ›  rver or 
ream flow g re
l 
o
he ea la war of a 
ragh
l e aro 
 mou
h; (b) ›  por
 la war of 
 ou
ermo
perma e
harbor work a  a 
ragh
l e aro 
 e
ra e; () ›  "  $c,< a
ha

erm  ue  paragraph 6 of ›r
le 7 of
he Co ve
o  ef e ee
all a a ba over whh
he U 
e S
a
e ha
ra
o all aer
e a  ma
a e om o w
h
he aquee e of foreg a
o ; () . c $c c›  o
her ba (ef e a a well-marke oa
al  e
a
o hav g uh pe e
ra
o   propor
o
o
he w
h of 
 e
ra e a
o o
a la loke wa
er a  hav g a area  lu g la  w
h
he ba a
lea
a grea
a
he area of a emrle whoe ame
er equal
he le g
h of
he lo g l e aro
he e
ra e of
he ba or
he um of uh lo g l e f
he ba ha more
ha o e e
ra e) la war of a 
ragh
l e aro 
 e
ra e or f
he e
ra e  more
ha 24 geographal mle we la war of a 
ragh
l e o
over 24 geographal mle lo g raw w
h
he ba o a
o e loe
he grea
e
poble amou
of wa
er. › e
uar of a rver 
rea
e 
he ame wa a a ba.c

8+2 ;>;3 Vhe ue  abou

he orre
ef 
o of ͞Y la  Wa
er. U.S. argue
ha

he ef 
o  of  la  wa
er o
a e 
he Y
er a
o al Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea (YCVS) houl preval over Loua a  o
e
o
ha

houl be
he ͞Y la  Wa
er L e (YWL) fxe b
he Comma a
of
he Coa
Guar  g895. 0 Y Y+  YCour
u
a 
he aop
o of
he YCVS ef 
o  
he U.S. v. Calfor a ae. Vhe YCVS ef 
o preval a  
 a follow - "
he l e of or ar low wa
er alo g
ha
por
o


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

of
he oa
whh   re
o
a
w
h
he ope ea a 
he l e mark g
he eawar lm
of  la  wa
er." 7Y+YVhe l e mark g
he eawar lm
of  la  wa
er  alo
o be raw  aora e w
h
he ef 
o  of
he Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he Co
guou Zo e.     +YWhe
her par
ular wa
er are  la  ha epe e o h
oral a well a geographal fa
or bu
a we a  U 
e S
a
e v. Calfor a 
 ge erall agree
ha
h
or

le a be lame o l whe
he "oa
al a
o ha
ra
o all aer
e a  ma
a e om o w
h
he aquee e of foreg a
o ."  Ú/Y !
+Y0YY YY + +Y  Y,cc c # ,cc > c c   ,c ?eare

o
he a
o ' hore are 
/ Vhee are ubje

o
he omple
e overeg
 of
he a
o  a muh a f
he were a par
of 
 la 
err
or a 
he oa
al a
o ha
he prvlege eve
o exlue foreg veel al
oge
her.

Beo 
he  la  wa
er a  meaure from
her eawar ege  a bel
k ow a
he. W
h 

he oa
al a
o ma exere ex
e ve o
rol bu
a o
e 
he rgh
of  oe
paage
o foreg a
o 

Ou
e
he
err
oral ea whh are 
er a
o al wa
er o
ubje

o
he om o of a   gle a
o .

c 0 +Y +Y + 5 
Y
Vhe pol  favor of a er
a a  
able oa
l e 
ro g a 
 woul eearl ou
wegh ou
erval g pol o era
o  u er
he Submerge La  ›
. We reog e  Calfor a
he erabl
 of "a  gle oa
l e for bo
h
he am 
ra
o of
he Submerge La  ›
a 
he o u
of our fu
ure 
er a
o al rela
o ." $/c . 'Y .c c S
ra
 ue for 
er a
o al avga
o (
o avga
e be
wee o e par
of
he hgh ea or a EEZ a  a o
her par
of
he hgh ea or a EEZ) are u er
he purvew of U?CLOS bu

he legal regme  uh 
ra
  whh paage  regula
e  whole or  par
b lo g
a  g 
er a
o al o ve
o   fore pefall rela
 g
o uh 
ra
  o
affe
e. Vhrough
hee wa
er hp a  arraf
of all ou
re are allowe ͞
ra 
paage a lo g a
he proeee w
hou
ela a  w
hou

hrea
e  g
he borer g 
a
e. Vra 
paage 
he exere of
he freeom of avga
o a  overflgh
olel for
he purpoe of expe
ou a  o
 uou
ra 
(
hu
he mu
proee w
hou
ela) of
he 
ra
. Dur g
ra 
paage foreg hp  lu g mar
me e
f reearh a  hrograph urve hp ma o
arr ou
a  reearh or urve a
v
e w
hou

he pror au
hora
o of
he borer g 
a
e. Vra 
paage   applable 
hree  
a e² g.c f
here ex

hrough
he 
ra
a rou
e
hrough
he hgh ea or a EEZ of mlar o ve e e  whh ae
he freeom of avga
o a  overflgh
woul appl 2.c f
he 
ra
 forme b a la  of a 
a
e borer g
he 
ra
a  
 ma la  a 
here ex
 eawar of
he la  a rou
e
o
he hgh ea or EEZ of mlar o ve e e  whh ae
he rgh
of  oe
paage woul appl 3.c f
he 
ra
 be
wee a par
of
he hgh ea or EEZ a 
he
err
oral ea of a o
her 
a
e  whh ae
he rgh
of  oe
paage woul appl.

Page ) of g *

Borer g 
a
e have
he follow g u
e² g.c o

o mpee
he rgh
of
ra 
paage 2.c
o gve appropra
e publ

o a  a ger
o avga
o or overflgh
w
h or over
he 
ra
of whh
he have k owlege 3.c o

o upe 
ra 
paage. Shp a  arraf
exer g
he rgh
of
ra 
paage have
he follow g u
e² g.c
o proee w
hou
ela
hrough or over
he 
ra
2.c refra from a 
hrea
or ue of fore aga 

he overeg

err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e of S
a
e borer g
he 
ra
 or  a  ma er  vola
o of
he pr ple 
he U? Char
er 3.c refra from a  a
v
e o
her
ha
hoe  e

o
her ormal moe of o
 uou a  expe
ou
ra 
u le eear ue
o fore majeure or 
re 4.c
o ompl w
h
he o
her provo  of U?CLOS. ›lo foreg veel ma o
arr ou
reearh a  urve a
v
e w
hou

he pror au
hora
o of
he borer g S
a
e. Vake o
e
ha

hee u
e (of borer g S
a
e a  foreg veel) are alo applable
o arhpelag ea la e paage. S
a
e alo ge
he 
ra
 however are able
o regula
e avga
o a  o
her ape
 of paage.

 2 ;;3 Vh ae o er e
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf 
he ?or
h Sea whh  volve De mark
he ?e
herla  a  Germa . De mark a 
he ?e
herla  bo
h wa
e
o appl
he equ
a e pr ple whle Germa  oppoe a
h woul propor
o a
el reue 
 area ue
o
he o ave Germa oa
l e.  ÝY+    a proe whh  volve e
ablh g
he bou are of a area alrea  pr ple apper
a  g
o
he oa
al S
a
e a  o

he e
erm a
o e ovo of uh a area. Delm
a
o  a equ
able ma er  o e
h g bu
o

he ame
h g a awar g a ju
a  equ
able hare of a prevoul u elm
e area eve
hough  a umber of ae
he reul
 ma be omparable or eve e
al. Y Y  
   Y   . Vhe rgh
 of
he oa
al S
a
e  repe
of
he area of o
 e
al helf
ha
o 

u
e a a
ural prolo ga
o of 
 la 
err
or 
o a  u er
he ea ex
   a     b vr
ue of 
 overeg
 over
he la  a  a a ex
e o of 
 a exere of overeg rgh
 for
he purpoe of explor g
he eabe a  explo
 g 
 a
ural reoure. Y hor

here  here a  here
rgh
. Y orer
o exere 
 o peal legal proe ha
o be go e
hrough or have a  peal legal a

o be performe. Y
 ex
e e a be elare bu
oe o
ee
o be o 

u
e.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Fur
hermore
he rgh
oe o
epe  o 
 be g exere. Y
follow
ha

he o
o of appor
o  g a a e
u elm
e area  qu
e foreg
o a   o 
e
w
h
he ba o ep
of o
 e
al helf e

leme
. m. YY  +
  + Y
ha ever bee oub
e
ha

he equ
a e me
ho of elm
a
o  a ver o ve e
o e. e

h oe o
uffe
o o ver
wha
 a me
ho 
o a rule of law mak g
he aep
a e of
he reul
 of u g
ha
me
ho oblga
or  all ae  whh
he par
e o o
agree o
herwe or  whh 'peal rum
a e' a o
be how
o ex
. % YY  Y Y +Y+  0  Y:  . Vhu
he que
o of whh par
 of
he o
 e
al helf 'ajae

o' a oa
l e borer g more
ha o e S
a
e fall w
h
he appur
e a e of whh of
hem rema 
o
h ex
e
a ope o e o

o be e
erm e o a ba exluvel of proxm
. Eve f proxm
 ma affor o e of
he
e

o be apple a  a mpor
a
o e 
he rgh
o 
o  
ma o
eearl be
he o l or  all rum
a e
he mo
appropra
e o e. 2 Y Y +1  + +
     + Y     +Y Y
   Y +  Y  Y  Y
Y YY   Y   +YY  ++ Y Y
 Submar e area o o
reall apper
a
o
he oa
al S
a
e beaue
he are ear 
. Wha
o fer
he # Y

le whh 
er a
o al law a

rbu
e
o
he oa
al S
a
e  repe
of 
 o
 e
al helf 
he fa

ha

he ubmar e area o er e ma be eeme
o be a
uall par
of
he
err
or over whh
he oa
al S
a
e alrea ha om o  
he e e
ha
 al
hough overe w
h wa
er
he are a prolo ga
o or o
 ua
o of
ha

err
or a ex
e o of 
u er
he ea. Vhu whe ever a gve ubmar e area oe o
o 

u
e a a
ural ex
e o of
he la 
err
or of a oa
al S
a
e eve
hough
ha
area ma be loer
o 

ha 

o
he
err
or of a  o
her S
a
e 
a o
be regare a apper
a  g
o
ha
S
a
e; or a
lea

a o
be o regare 
he fae of a ompe
 g lam b a S
a
e of whoe la 
err
or
he ubmar e area o er e 
o be regare a a a
ural ex
e o  eve f 
 le loe
o 
. $ Y%#Y +For oppo
e S
a
e
he a
ural prolo ga
o  ma mee
a  overlap a  a o l be elm
e b a mea l e; a  g or g
he pree e of le
 rok a  m or oa
al proje
o 
he propor
o all 
or
 g effe
of whh a be elm a
e b o
her mea  uh a l e mu
effe
a equal vo of
he par
ular area  volve. Vh
pe of ae  ffere
from
ha
of la
erall ajae
S
a
e o
he ame oa
w
h o mmea
el oppo
e oa
 fro
of 
. Wherea a mea l e ve equall be
wee 2 oppo
e ou
re area
ha
a be regare a be g
he a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of eah of
hem a la
eral equ
a e l e of
e leave
o g of
he S
a
e o er e area
ha
are a a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of
he o
her. Vhe 
or
 g effe
 of la
eral equ
a e l e u er er
a o 
o  of oa
al o fgura
o are ever
hele ompara
vel mall w
h
he lm
 of
err
oral wa
er bu
proue
her maxmum effe

he loal
e where
he ma o
 e
al helf area le fur
her ou
. Vhere  alo a re
orrela
o be
wee
he o
o of loe
proxm

o
he oa
a 
he overeg jur
o whh
he oa
al S
a
e  e

le
o exere a  mu
exere o
o l over
he eabe u er ea
h
he
err
oral wa
er bu
over
he wa
er
hemelve whh oe o
ex
 repe
of o
 e
al helf area where
here  o jur
o over
he uperjae
wa
er a  over
he eabe o l for purpoe of explora
o a  explo
a
o .

Page  of g *

ÝY+   Y 
YYY  Y  Y  Y. +Y +Y (a)
he par
e are u er a oblga
o
o e
er 
o ego
a
o  w
h a vew
o arrv g a
a agreeme
 a  o
merel
o go
hrough a formal proe of ego
a
o a a or
of pror o 
o for
he au
oma
 appla
o of a er
a me
ho of elm
a
o 
he abe e of agreeme
;
he are u er a oblga
o o
o o u

hemelve
ha

he ego
a
o  are mea  gful whh wll o
be
he ae whe e
her of
hem  
 upo 
 ow po
o w
hou
o
empla
 g a  mofa
o of 
; (b)
he par
e are u er a oblga
o
o a
 uh a wa
ha
 
he par
ular ae a 
ak g all
he rum
a e 
o aou
 equ
able pr ple are apple; for
h purpoe
he equ
a e me
ho a be ue bu
o
her me
ho ex
a  ma be emploe alo e or  omb a
o  aor g
o
he area  volve; ()
he o
 e
al helf of a  S
a
e mu
be
he a
ural prolo ga
o of 
 la 
err
or a  mu
o
e roah upo wha

he a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of a o
her S
a
e. Y.   YY. YY Y 
Y
+   Y1 (a) Vhe lgh
e
rregular
  a oa
l e  au
oma
all mag fe b
he equ
a e l e a regar
he o eque e for
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf. Vhu 
ha bee ee 
he ae of o ave or o vex oa
l e
ha
f
he equ
a e me
ho  emploe
he
he grea
er
he rregular
 a 
he fur
her from
he oa
l e
he area
o be elm
e
he more u reao able are
he reul
 proue. So grea
a exaggera
o of
he o eque e of a a
ural geographal fea
ure mu
be remee or ompe a
e for a far a poble be g of 
elf rea
ve of  equ
. (b) Where
here  o ou
er bou ar
o
he o
 e
al helf 
happe 
ha

he lam of everal S
a
e o verge mee
a  
erro  loal
e where ep
e
her 
a e from
he oa

he be of
he ea 
ll u que
o abl o 
 of o
 e
al helf. › 
u of
hee o verge e how how  equ
able woul be
he appare
mplfa
o brough
abou
b a elm
a
o whh g or g uh geographal rum
a e wa bae olel o
he equ
a e me
ho. Y

Y Y Y ?o obje
o ee be fel

o
he ea of effe
 g a elm
a
o of ajo  g o
 e
al helf area b
he o urre
ue of varou me
ho. Equ
 oe o
eearl mpl equal
. Vhere a ever be a  que
o of omple
el refaho  g a
ure a  equ
 oe o
requre
ha
a S
a
e w
hou
ae
o
he ea houl be allo

e a area of o
 e
al helf a  more
ha
here oul be a que
o of re er g
he 
ua
o of a S
a
e w
h a ex
e ve oa
l e mlar
o
ha
of a S
a
e w
h a re
r
e oa
l e. Bu
here
here are 3 S
a
e whoe ?or
h Sea oa
l e are  fa
omparable  le g
h a  whh have bee gve broal equal
rea
me
b a
ure exep

ha

he o fgura
o of o e of
he oa
l e woul f
he equ
a e me
ho  ue e 
o o e of
hee S
a
e
rea
me
equal or omparable
o
ha
gve
he o
her
wo. ›  equ
  rea
e merel beaue o e oa
l e  roughl o vex a 
he o
her o ave. Y
 o
a que
o of
o
all refaho  g geograph wha
ever
he fa
 of
he 
ua
o bu
 gve a geographal 
ua
o of qua-equal
 a be
wee a umber of S
a
e of aba
 g
he effe
 of a  e
al peal fea
ure from whh a u ju
fable ffere e of
rea
me
oul reul
.   Y  Y  g. . Vhe o
 e
al helf  a area phall ex
e  g
he
err
or of mo
oa
al S
a
e 
o a pee of pla
form. Vhe appur
e a e of
he helf
o
he ou
re  fro
of whoe oa
l e 
le  a fa
 a  
a be ueful
o o er
he geolog


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

of
ha
helf  orer
o f  ou
whe
her
he re
o
ake b er
a o fgura
o al fea
ure houl  flue e elm
a
o . 2. . Vhe pr ple 
ha

he la  om a
e
he ea; 
 o eque
l eear
o exam e loel
he geographal o fgura
o of
he oa
l e of
he ou
re whoe o
 e
al helve are
o be elm
e. S e
he la  
he legal oure of
he power whh a S
a
e ma exere over
err
oral ex
e o 
o eawar 
mu
fr
be learl e
ablhe wha
fea
ure o  fa
o 

u
e uh ex
e o . 3. & ccc . Vhe a
ural reoure of
he ubol of
he ea 
hoe par
 whh o 
of o
 e
al helf are
he ver obje
of
h legal regme. e

freque
l our
ha

he ame epo
le o bo
h e of
he l e v g a o
 e
al helf be
wee
wo S
a
e a   e 
 poble
o explo
uh a epo
from e
her e a problem mmea
el are o aou
of
he rk of prejual or wa
eful explo
a
o b o e or o
her of
he S
a
e o er e. ›ll
ha
 eee 
o refer
o
he u er
ak g e
ere 
o b
he oa
al S
a
e of
ha
ea w
h a vew
o e ur g
he mo
effe
explo
a
o or
he appor
o me
of
he prou
 ex
ra
e. 4. ccc   whh a elm
a
o effe
e aor g
o equ
able pr ple ough

o br g abou
be
wee
he ex
e
of
he o
 e
al helf apper
a  g
o
he S
a
e o er e a 
he le g
h of
her repe
ve oa
l e
hee be g meaure aor g
o
her ge eral re
o  orer
o e
ablh
he eear bala e be
wee S
a
e w
h 
ragh
 a 
hoe w
h markel o ave or o vex oa
 or
o reue ver rregular oa
l e
o
her
ruer propor
o . Vhe hoe a  appla
o of
he appropra
e
eh al me
ho woul be a ma

er for
he par
e.

"!+% 2 ;1=3 Vh o er e
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf be
wee Lba a  ¯al
a. Vhe ¯e
erra ea  borere b Vu a (ea
) Y
al ( or
h) Greee (we
) a  Lba (ou
h). ¯al
a  a group of la  
ua
e 
he ¯e
erra ea 
o
he ou
h of Y
al a 
o
he or
h of Lba. Lba  oa
 g fa
l larger
ha
ha
of ¯al
a. m1 !$0 Y   YY+    Y Y + Y+ YY

Y Y 
YYY  Y  Y  ++  Y  YYY. +Y+ Vhe Co ve
o e
 a goal
o be aheve bu
 le
a
o
he me
ho
o be followe
o aheve 
. Y
re
r
 
elf
o e

 g a 
a ar a  
 lef

o S
a
e
hemelve or
o
he our

o e ow
h 
a ar w
h pef o
e
. Y+  mm/+Y
+  Y +Y+  
 Vhe
wo  

u
o  - o
 e
al helf a  EEZ ʹ are l ke
oge
her  moer law. S e
he rgh
 e joe b a S
a
e over 
 o
 e
al helf woul alo be poee b 
over
he ea-be a  ubol of a  EEZ whh 
mgh
prolam o e of
he releva
rum
a e
o be o ere for
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf of a S
a
e 
he legall permble ex
e
of
he EEZ apper
a  g
o
ha
ame S
a
e. Vh oe o
mea
ha

he o ep
of
he o
 e
al helf ha bee aborbe b
ha
of
he EEZ; 
oe however g f
ha
grea
er mpor
a e mu
be a

rbu
e
o eleme
 uh a 
a e from
he Coa
 whh are ommo
o bo
h o ep
. ›l
hough
he  

u
o  of
he o
 e
al helf a 
he EEZ are ffere
a  
 

he rgh
 whh
he EEZ e
al over
he ea-be of
he o e are ef e b refere e
o
he regme la ow for
he o
 e
al helf. ›l
hough
here a be a o
 e
al helf where
here  o EEZ
here a o
be a EEZ w
hou
a orrepo  g o
 e
al helf. Y
follow
ha

he 
a e r
ero mu
ow appl
o
he o
 e
al helf a well a
o
he EEZ. Wha

h mea  
ha
where
he o
 e
al marg oe o
ex
e  a far a 200 mle from
he hore a
ural prolo ga
o  whh  p
e of 
 phal org  ha
hroughou

 h
or beome more a  more a omplex a  jural

Page 2 of g *

o ep
   par
ef e b 
a e from
he hore rrepe
ve of
he phal a
ure of
he 
erve  g ea-be a  ubol. Vhe o ep
 of a
ural prolo ga
o a  
a e are
herefore o
oppoe bu
ompleme
ar. m. +YY  Y+   +Vhe elm
a
o of a o
 e
al helf bou ar mu
be effe
e b
he appla
o of equ
able pr ple  all
he releva
rum
a e  orer
o aheve a equ
able reul
. 0YY. +Y +Y²
he pr ple
ha

here 
o be o que
o of refaho  g geograph or ompe a
 g for
he  equal
e of a
ure;
he rela
e pr ple of o -e roahme
b o e par
 o
he a
ural prolo ga
o of
he o
her (
he oa
al S
a
e e jo overeg rgh
 over
he o
 e
al helf off 
 oa

o
he full ex
e
au
hore b 
er a
o al law 
he releva
rum
a e);
he pr ple of repe
ue
o all uh releva
rum
a e;
he pr ple
ha
al
hough all S
a
e are equal before
he law a  are e

le
o equal
rea
me
 "equ
 oe o
eearl mpl equal
" or oe 
eek
o make equal wha
a
ure ha mae u equal; a 
he pr ple
ha

here a be o que
o of 
rbu
ve ju
e. ,  Y Y& Y Y Y1 la ma rela
ve eo om po
o  of
he Par
e eur
 o era
o  a 
he pr ple of equal
.

 + Y Y Wha

he Cour

e e wa propor
o al
 wa
o be ue a a mea  of e
f g a 
he orre
 g
he k  of 
or
o
ha
oul are from
he ue of a me
ho  ap

o
ake aequa
e aou
of ome k  of oa
al o fgura
o . ÝY+   Y1 g. ¯ake a provo al elm
a
o b u g a r
ero a  a me
ho bo
h of whh are learl e
 e
o pla a mpor
a
role  prou g
he f al reul
. Vhe law applable
o lam rela
 g
o o
 e
al helve loa
e le
ha 200 mle from
he oa
 of
he S
a
e o a r
ero of 
a e from
he Coa
or o
he pr ple of ajae  a meaure b 
a e. Vhu
he hoe of
he r
ero a 
he me
ho
o be ue
o arrve a
a provo al reul
houl be mae  a ma er o 
e
w
h
he o ep
 u erl g
he a

rbu
o of legal

le. Y
h elm
a
o be
wee oppo
e oa

he
ra g of a mea l e be
wee
hoe oa
 b wa of a provo al 
ep 
he mo
juou ma er of proee g w
h a vew
o
he eve
ual aheveme
of a equ
able reul
. Vake o
e
ha

he mea l e raw  o l provo al. Were
he Cour

o
rea

a f al 
woul be o ferr g o
he equ
a e me
ho
he 
a
u of be g
he o l me
ho
he ue of whh  ompulor 
he ae of oppo
e oa
. U er ex
 g law 
mu
be emo 
ra
e
ha

he equ
a e me
ho lea
o a equ
able reul

he ae  que
o . Vo aheve
h purpoe
he reul

o whh
he 
a e r
ero lea mu
be exam e 
he o
ex
of appl g equ
able pr ple
o
he releva
rum
a e. ›lo remember
ha

o aheve a equ
able reul
 a 
ua
o  whh
he equ
a e l e  prma fae
he appropra
e me
ho all releva
rum
a e mu
be exam e  e
he ma have a wegh

he aeme
of
he equ
e of
he ae whh 
woul be proper
o
ake 
o aou
a 
o refle
 a aju
me
of
he equ
a e l e. 2. Exam a
o of
he provo al olu
o  lgh
of
he requreme
 erve from o
her r
era whh ma all for a orre
o of
he  
al reul
.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Due
o
he grea
ffere e  le g
h of
he oa
 a 
he ge eral geographal o
ex
(
he ¯al
ee la  appear a a rela
vel mall fea
ure  a em-e loe ea)  orer
o e ure
he aheveme
of a equ
able olu
o 
he elm
a
o l e mu
be aju
e o a
o le loer
o
he oa
 of ¯al
a. W
h
he area w
h whh
he Cour
 o er e
he oa
 of
he Par
e are oppo
e
o eah o
her a 
he equ
a e l e be
wee
hem le broal we

o ea
 o
ha

 aju
me
a be a
fa
orl a  mpl aheve b
ra po g 
 a exa
l or
hwar re
o . Vh l e mee

he requreme
 of
he
e
of propor
o al
 a   equ
able gve all releva
rum
a e.



:52 ;1=3 Vhe ae regar g
he mar e elm
a
o wa remove from
he l
of ae of
he YCJ beaue bo
h par
e mu
uall roppe
he ae. Vher ma reao wa
ha
bo
h par
e agree o e
ablh g a 
er a
o al age  for
he jo explo
a
o of
he mar
me o e  que
o .

&  2 ;D13 Vhough
he Cour
wa prmarl foue o
he ue of jur
o 
h ae
he releva
ue  whe
her or o
er
a la  u er Greek overeg
 are e

le
o a o
 e
al helf of
her ow a  e

le Greee
o all for
he bou ar
o be raw be
wee
hoe la  a 
he Vurkh Coa
. !#  YCJ ha o jur
o  e Vurke  o
aep
uh jur
o 
he „ome Commu que. V "Y &VY ² ͞la   que
o are mere pro
ubera e of
he Vurkh o
 e
al helf a  have o o
 e
al helf of
her ow . (Cour
 o
ee o
h ue  e 
ha o jur
o bu
Y
h k Sr úarr agree w
h Vurke 
heor  e bae o
he map
o gra
o
 e
al helve woul e roah 
he
err
oral ea of Vurke) Vhe ue of whe
her
hee la  have
her ow o
 e
al helf o er  ma

er of e

leme
(o
he la  eerve helve) elm
a
o (wha

he area of
hee helve) a 
err
oral 
a
u (wll 
e roah o e
ablhe a
o al bou are) c  $*!1Y
h ae
he pr ple 
he Spaa ae a  Er
rea- eme ›rb
ra
o woul appl. Y our uo  Sr a
ha

he me
ho of half effe
oul be apple. 

+"! Lba a  Vu a reque
e
he YCJ
o e
erm e wha
pr ple a  rule of 
er a
o al law ma be apple for
he elm
a
o of
he area of
he o
 e
al helf apper
a  g
o Lba a 
o
ha
of Vu a; ee aor g
o 0 c $  a 
he c $ $ $ whh hara
ere
he area a well a
he ew aep
e
re  
he Vhr Co fere e o
he Law of
he Sea; a  larf
he pra
al me
ho for
he appla
o of
hee pr ple o
he a elm
w
hou
fful
. VY2Y  + (Y

Y Vhe elm
a
o 
o be effe
e  aora e w
h equ
able pr ple o er g all releva
rum
a e. Vhe area
o be elm
e o 

u
e a  c $ c a
he a
ural prolo ga
o of bo
h S
a
e o pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o a o
be ue. Vhe area  elm
e b
wo l e. Y ef  g
he a gula
o of
he  
al l e
he Cour

ook o
e of
he ex
e e of
he l e  cc$ b eah Par
 v g
her pe
roleum o eo . › for
he eo  l e
he $c c $ ccc$  a fa
whh mu
be
ake 
o aou
. ?o
e
ha

h ae
he la 
err
or of
he

Page 3 of g *


wo S
a
e  ajae
bu
beaue of
he ha ge  re
o of
he oa
of Vu a 
eem oppo
e a
ome po
. Vhe  
al elm
a
o l e  a
e b
he YCJ wll
herefore ex
e  from
he ou
er lm
of
he
err
oral ea u
l 
 
ere
o w
h
he parallel of la

ue of
he po
o
he oa
of
he Gulf of Gabe. Y e
erm  g
he a gula
o of
he eo  lke
he ex
e e of
he Kerke ah Yla  (Vu a) houl be o ere. Vhe Kerke ah Yla   urrou e b le
 a  low-
e eleva
o . Some effe
mu
be a

rbu
e
o 
. Vhe Cour
ha
o
ake 
o aou
o
o l
he la  bu
alo
he low-
e eleva
o  whh whle
he o o
 a o la  have a  o
 e
al helf of
her ow  o e jo ome reog 
o  
er a
o al law for er
a purpoe. úowever f
he YCJ le

he l e ru parallel
o
he la  oa
l e
ha
woul be gv g
he la 
oo muh wegh
. úe e half-effe
mu
be ue. Vhe
eh que  volve raw g c

 c  o e gv g
o
he la 
he c$ a

rbu
e
o 
b
he elm
a
o me
ho  ue a 
he o
her   cc c a
hough 
 o
ex
. Vhe elm
a
o l e a
uall aop
e 
he raw be
wee
he fr

wo l e e
her  uh a wa a
o ve equall
he area be
wee
hem or a be
or of
he a gle whh
he make w
h eah o
her or pobl b
rea
 g
he la  a plae
owar
he ma la  b half 
 a
ual 
a e
herefrom.

&: & "  2 ;D;3 Vh  volve
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helve of Fra e a  UK 
he ?or
h Sea. Y
h ae
he Cour
o ere
he effe
of er
a geologal fea
ure
o
he elm
a
o . VYm. Y(0Y+  YY +U er ›r
le 6
he equ
a e pr ple ul
ma
el poee a oblga
or fore whh 
oe o
have 
he ame meaure u er
he rule of u
omar law. Bu

he equ
a e-peal rum
a e rule mea 
ha

he oblga
o
o appl
he equ
a e pr ple  alwa o e qualfe b
he o 
o "u le a o
her bou ar l e  ju
fe b peal rum
a e". Vhe role of
he "$ c$ $ $" o 
o 
o e ure a equ
able elm
a
o a 
he omb e "equ
a epeal rum
a e rule"  effe
 gve par
ular expreo
o a ge eral orm
ha
 fal g agreeme

he bou ar be
wee S
a
e abu

 g o
he ame o
 e
al helf 
o be e
erm e o equ
able pr ple. Co eque
l
he que
o whe
her
he ue of
he equ
a e pr ple or ome o
her me
ho  appropra
e for ahev g a equ
able elm
a
o  ver muh a ma

er of apprea
o 
he lgh
of
he geographal a  o
her rum
a e. $ Y  Y Vhroughou

he E glh Cha el where
he oa
 of Fra e &
he UK are oppo
e eah o
her
he bou ar houl  pr ple be
he mea l e equ
a
from
he repe
ve oa
. Vhe rela
o hp of "oppo
e" or "ajae
" S
a
e  o
h g bu
a refle
o of
he geographal fa
. Vhe 
 
o raw be
wee
he
wo geographal 
ua
o   o e erve o
from a  legal
heor bu
from
he ver ub
a e of
he ffere e be
wee
he
wo 
ua
o . Wherea  "oppo
e" S
a
e a mea l e wll ormall effe
a broal equ
able elm
a
o  a la
eral equ
a e l e ex
e  g ou
war from
he oa
 of ajae
S
a
e for lo g 
a e ma reul
 a  equ
able elm
a
o b reao of
he 
or
 g effe
of  vual geographal fea
ure. Y

he omb e effe
of
he e-b-e rela
o hp of
he
wo S
a
e a 
he prolo ga
o of
he la
eral bou ar for grea

a e
o eawar whh ma be prou
ve of  equ
 a  
he ee e of
he 
 
o be
wee "ajae
" a  "oppo
e" oa
 
ua
o . ,   Y
he legal frame
o be ue 
ha
of elm
a
o be
wee ͞oppo
e S
a
e. Vhe fr

ep houl be
o e
erm e
he oure of
he mea l e w
h
he Cha el. Vake o
e
ha

he úur Deepúur Deep Faul
Zo e a geographal fea
ure wa
o ere b


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬


he Cour
gve
he ee
al geologal o
 u
 of
he area (
he úur Deep were ju
o
 u
e 
he eabe a  ubol whh 
rup

he ee
al u 
 of
he o
 e
al helf). ,Y  Y  YY+Y Y Y+Vhe Cha el Yla  ( o
o 

u
o all par
of
he UK bu
re
epe e e of
he Br
h Crow whh were
rea
e a par
of
he UK  e
he UK wa
he repo ble au
hor
 w
h regar
o
he o
 e
al helf) are 
ua
e o
he Fre h e a  w
h
he arm of a gulf o
he Fre h oa
. Vhe pree e of
hee la  
ha
par
ular 
ua
o 
urb
he bala e or
he geographal rum
a e whh woul o
herwe ex
be
wee
he Par
e 
h rego a a reul
of
he broa equal
 of
he oa
l e of
her ma la . Vhe legal framework 
ha
of
wo oppo
e S
a
e o e or whh poee la 
err
ore loe
o
he oa
of
he o
her S
a
e. ,   Y Y avga
o al efe e a  eur
 
ere
 
he rego .

+Y   + +
  + YVhe que
o  wha
area of o
 e
al helf are
o be o ere a legall
he a
ural prolo ga
o of
he Cha el Yla  ra
her
ha of Fra e. Y 
er a
o al law
he o ep
of
he o
 e
al helf  a jural o ep
whh o o
e
he a
ural prolo ga
o u er
he ea o
of a o
 e
or geographal la  ma bu
of
he la 
err
or of eah S
a
e. Vh mea 
ha

he ope a 
he o 
o  for 
 appla
o are o
e
erm e exluvel b
he phal fa
 of geograph bu
alo b legal rule. ¯oreover 
 lear (gve
he peal rum
a e provo & empha o equ
able pr ple)
ha

he fore of
he ar al pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of
err
or  o
abolu
e bu
ma be ubje

o qualfa
o . Vhe pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of
err
or a o
be a
o requre
ha

he o
 e
al helf
o
he or
h a  or
hwe
of
he Cha el Yla  houl be o ere a au
oma
all a  eearl appur
e a

o
hem ra
her
ha
o Fra e. e
 f
he fore of
he pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of
err
or were abolu
e a mall la  woul blok
he a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of
he earb ma la  
he ame wa f o
alwa
o
he ame ex
e
 a a larger la . Vhe que
o of
he appur
e a e
o
he Cha el Yla  of
he area of o
 e
al helf ex
e  g
o
her or
h a  or
h-we
 o

herefore reolve merel b referr g
o
he pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o . Vhe pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of
err
or  e
her
o be e
ae or
rea
e a abolu
e  a ae where la  belo g g
o o e S
a
e are 
ua
e o o
 e
al helf whh woul o
herwe o 

u
e a a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of a o
her S
a
e. Vhe appla
o of
ha
pr ple  uh a ae ha
o be apprea
e 
he lgh
of all
he releva
geographal a  o
her rum
a e a well a o a  releva
o era
o  of law a  equ
.

+Y Y.  U er u
omar law
he me
ho aop
e for elm
 g
he bou ar mu
e ure
ha

he elm
a
o aor w
h equ
able pr ple. Vhe que
o  whe
her
he Cha el Yla  houl be gve
he full be ef
or
he appla
o of
he pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o 
he area
o
her or
h a  or
hwe
or whe
her
her 
ua
o loe
o
he ma la  of Fra e requre o equ
able grou  ome mofa
o of
he appla
o of
he pr ple 
hoe area. Vhe o
r e of
he equal
 of S
a
e a o
be o ere a o 

u
 g uh a equ
able grou  (a
h woul have
he effe
of refaho  g geograph). ›  grou  of equ
 
o be looke for 
he par
ular rum
a e of
he ae a  
he par
ular equal
 of
he
wo S
a
e 
her geographal rela
o
o
he o
 e
al helf of
he Cha el. Chara
er
 of
he area² approxma
e equal
 of
he ma la  oa
l e reul
 g  equal
 of
her geographal rela
o
o
he

Page J of g *

o
 e
al helf of
he Cha el f
he Cha el Yla  are lef
ou
of aou
. Yf
he Cha el Yla  are gve full effe

h wll reul
 a ub
a
al m u
o of
he area of o
 e
al helf whh woul arue
o Fra e. Vh fa
appear
o be prma fae a rum
a e rea
ve of  equ
 a  all g for a me
ho of elm
a
o
ha
 ome meaure reree
he  equ
. Yf
h o luo 
e
e b appl g
he equ
a e-peal rum
a e rule
he pree e of
he Cha el Yla  mu
be o ere prma fae a a "peal rum
a e" ju
f g a elm
a
o o
her
ha
he mea l e. VY ( ++   Y
  Y++1 Fr

o ma
a
he appropra
e bala e be
wee
he
wo S
a
e  rela
o
o
he o
 e
al helf a rpara S
a
e of
he Cha el w
h approxma
el equal oa
l e
he prmar bou ar be
wee
hem hall be a mea l e. Y elm
 g 
 oure 
he Cha el Yla  rego
he Cha el Yla 
hemelve are
o be regare  e
her o
 e
al helf mu
be
he ubje
of a eo  a  epara
e elm
a
o . 0Y Y
o elm
a eo  bou ar e
ablh g v-à-v
he Cha el Yla 
he ou
her lm
of
he o
 e
al helf hel b
he Cour

o be appur
e a

o
he Fre h „epubl 
h rego
o
he ou
h of
he m-Cha el mea l e. ,Y  YY YVhe ee
al o
 u
 or
he o
 e
al helf of
he E glh Cha el a  ›
la
 rego ha bee emphae. Y
 alo ommo grou 
ha
 geologall
he lgh
ou
hwe
erl
re  of
he o
 e
al helf of
he Cha el ex
e  we
war 
o
he ›
la
 rego alo g
he l e of
he úur Deep Faul
Zo e. Vhe o
 e
al helf of
he ›
la
 rego  o
o f e w
h
he arm of a ompara
vel arrow ha el bu
o e ex
e  g eawar fro

he oa
 of
he
wo ou
re 
o
he ope pae of
he ›
la
 Oea . Y o eque e
he area of o
 e
al helf
o be elm
e le off ra
her
ha be
wee 
he oa
 or
he
wo ou
re. › fur
her o eque e 
ha

he o
 e
al helf ex
e 
o eawar of
he oa
 of
he
wo ou
re for grea

a e. Vhe a
ual oa
l e of
he
wo ou
re abu

 g o
he o
 e
al helf
o be elm
e are ompara
vel hor
 a 
ha

her geographal rela
o
o eah o
her v-à-v
he o
 e
al helf
o be elm
e  o e of la
eral ra
her
ha oppo
e oa
. › o
her 
ha

he UK  oa
al fro
age proje
fur
her 
o
he ›
la

ha
ha
of Fra e. Vh ha
he
e e 
o make
he UK oa
ob
rue upo
he o
 e
al helf 
ua
e
o eawar of
he more we
erl fa g oa
of
he Fre h „epubl 
ha
rego . › o
her  Fra e a 
he UK are

he o l S
a
e whh abu
o
he ›
la
 o
 e
al helf. Y
+ Y "YU er ›r
. 6 
he abe e of agreeme
a  u le a o
her bou ar  ju
fe b peal rum
a e
he bou ar 
o be
he l e whh  equ
a
from
he eare
po
 of
he bael e from whh
he brea
h of
he
err
oral ea of eah S
a
e  meaure. Vhere  o
h g 
he la guage of ›r
. 6
o mpl
ha
 
ua
o  fal g u er paragraph g
he vr
ue of
he equ
a e pr ple a a me
ho of effe
 g a equ
able elm
a
o are  a  wa uperor
o
hoe whh 
poee  
ua
o  fall g u er paragraph 2. Vhe appropra
e e of
he equ
a e or a  o
her me
ho for
he purpoe of effe
 g a equ
able elm
a
o  a  gve ae  alwa a fu 
o or refle
o of
he geographal a  o
her releva
rum
a e of
he par
ular ae. Y hor

he equ
able hara
er of
he elm
a
o reul
 o
from
he legal eg a
o of
he 
ua
o a o e of "oppo
e" S
a
e bu
from 
 a
ual geographal hara
er a uh. Smlarl 
he ae of "ajae
" S
a
e 

he la
eral geographal rela
o of
he
wo oa
 whe omb e w
h a large ex
e o of
he o
 e
al helf eawar from
hoe oa
 whh make  vual geographal fea
ure o e
her oa
more pro e
o re er


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬


he geome
ral effe
 of appl g
he equ
a e pr ple  equ
able
ha 
he ae of "oppo
e" S
a
e. Vhe grea
er rk 
hee ae
ha

he equ
a e me
ho ma proue a  equ
able elm
a
o
hu alo reul
 o
from
he legal eg a
o of
he 
ua
o a o e of "ajae
" S
a
e bu
from 
 a
ual geographal hara
er a o e  volv g la
erall rela
e oa
. Y
h ae ue
o
he epara
o of
he 2 oa
 b a we expa e of ea
he area (›
la
 rego )  o ere a a ae of oppo
e S
a
e. %Y+  Y1
he prolo ga
o of
he Sll Yle (UK) ome 
a e fur
her we
war
ha
he Uha
la  (Fra e) whh ju
fe a bou ar o
her
ha
he 
r
mea l e. úowever
h oe
au
hore
he ue of a  me
ho  orer
o effe
a equ
able elm
a
o . 2 YY. YY  Y a large propor
o of elm
a
o  where a par
ular geographal fea
ure ha  flue e
he oure of a o
 e
al helf bou ar
he me
ho of elm
a
o aop
e ha bee ome mofa
o or vara
of
he equ
a e pr ple ra
her
ha 

o
al reje
o . úere
he problem alo are preel from
he 
or
 g effe
of a geographal fea
ure  rum
a e  whh
he l e equ
a
from
he oa
 of
he
wo S
a
e woul o
herwe o 

u
e
he appropra
e bou ar. Vhe appropra
e me
ho 
o
ake aou
of
he Sll Yle a par
of
he oa
l e of
he UK bu

o gve
hem le
ha
her full effe
 appl g
he equ
a e me
ho. Ju
a 
 o

he fu 
o of equ
 
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf omple
el
o refaho geograph o 
 alo o

he fu 
o of equ

o rea
e a 
ua
o of omple
e equ
 where a
ure a  geograph have e
ablhe a  equ
. + (Y

Y + Y o e  
a e
he me
ho emploe wa
o gve half  
ea of full effe

o
he offhore la   elm
 g
he equ
a e l e. Vh me
ho o 
  elm
 g
he l e equ
a
be
wee
he
wo oa
 fr
 w
hou

he ue of
he offhore la  a a bae-po
 a  eo l w
h 
 ue a a baepo
; a bou ar gv g half-effe

o
he la  
he
he l e raw mwa be
wee
hoe
wo equ
a e l e. Vh me
ho appear
o be a appropra
e a  pra
al me
ho of aba
 g
he propor
o a   equ
 whh o
herwe reul
 from gv g full effe

o
he Sll Yle a a baepo
for e
erm  g
he oure of
he bou ar. 90 1 YY  + Y

Y + YY     Y+Y&  Y  Y  Y+Y 

  (  
2 ;003 De mark ue ?orwa for oup g er
a
err
ore  Ea
er Gree la . Bo
h ou
re are lam g
ha

he have
he uperor lam over
h area. Ý Y ;0Y Y
 % ++ mY Y3H !I Vh  a pu
e rela
 g
o Ca aa  ame me
of
he Ca aa  +,Y Y  Y %  b vr
ue of whh Ca aa purue boare a  ee a fh g veel
he E
a; fl g
he Spa h flag) o
he hgh ea  orer
o pu
a 
op
o
he overfh g of Gree la  halbu
b Spa h fherme . ›rgume
² Europea Commu 
  po
o - ͞
he arre
of a veel  
er a
o al wa
er b a S
a
e o
her
ha
he S
a
e of whh
he veel  fl g
he flag a  u er whoe jur
o 
fall  a llegal a
u er bo
h
he ?›FO Co ve
o a  u
omar 
er a
o al law a  a o
be ju
fe b a  mea . Ca aa  Po
o - pu
e o er 
he aop
o of meaure for
he o erva
o a  ma ageme
of fhere 
ok w
h repe

o veel fh g 
he ?›FO „egula
or ›rea a 
her e foreme
Spa  Po
o - Spa argue
ha

he
erm ͞o erva
o a  ma ageme
meaure" mu
be 
erpre
e  aora e w
h 
er a
o al law o 
mu
exlue a  u la
eral meaure b a


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

S
a
e whh averel affe
e
he rgh
 of o
her S
a
e ou
e
ha
S
a
e' ow area of jur
o . Do
r e² Y 
er a
o al law o l 2
pe of meaure
ake b a oa
al S
a
e oul  pra
e be regare a "o erva
o a  ma ageme
meaure"² g]
hoe rela
 g
o
he S
a
e' exluve eo om o e; a  2]
hoe rela
 g
o area ou
e
ha
o e  o far a
hee ame w
h
he framework of a 
er a
o al agreeme
or were re
e a

a
ele veel. ¯eaure o
a
f g
hee o 
o  were o
o erva
o a  ma ageme
meaure bu
u lawful a
 pure a  mple.  $*!1¯u

ubm
veel gul
 of llegal fh g
o

$$  bu
mu
 c
hem upo
he po
 g of a ah bo .

%-'2+A32 ;;;3 Vhe Saga  a Cpro
ol
a ker
ha
wa arre
e a  boare b Gu ea au
hor
e whe 
wa al g ou
h of
he ou
her lm
of
he exluve eo om o e of Gu ea. Vhe appla
 are halle g g
he val
 of
he arre
a  wa
amage. Gu ea   
 g
ha

he ha jur
o
o arre
a   voke ho
puru
. 0
&! + 5 !$0m! !m!>Vm0V ›r
le 9g paragraph g of
he Co ve
o prove² "Vhere mu
ex
a ge u e l k be
wee
he S
a
e a 
he hp." Vwo que
o  ee
o be aree 
h o e
o . (a) Vhe fr
 whe
her
he abe e of a ge u e l k be
wee a flag S
a
e a  a hp e

le a o
her S
a
e
o refue
o reog e
he a
o al
 of
he hp. (b) Vhe eo  que
o  whe
her or o
a ge u e l k ex
e be
wee
he Saga a  Sa
M e
a 
he Gre a e a

he
me of
he  e
. mm/5Y++ +   +  Y
    + + ++    Y +Y?
 
ôVhe Vrbu al o
e
ha
 u er
he Co ve
o  a oa
al S
a
e  e

le
o appl u
om law a  regula
o   

err
oral ea (ar
le 2 a  2g). Y
he o
guou o e a oa
al S
a
e ma exere
he o
rol eear
o² (a) preve
 fr geme
of 
 u
om fal mmgra
o or a 
ar law a  regula
o  w
h 

err
or or
err
oral ea; (b) pu h  fr geme
of
he above law a  regula
o  omm

e w
h 

err
or of
err
oral ea. úowever 
he exluve eo om o e
he oa
al S
a
e ha jur
o
o appl u
om law a  regula
o   repe
of ar
fal la   
alla
o  a  
ru
ure (ar
le 60 paragraph 2). Vhe Co ve
o oe o
empower a oa
al S
a
e
o appl 
 u
om law  repe
of a  o
her par
 of
he exluve eo om o e o
me
o e above. mY 50  Y !YY % V@ (;$Vm  m0$, !Vm !%V$!%%)"c>Y >c."'.c c Vhee are all par
 of
he ea
ha
are o
 lue 
he
err
oral ea or 
he 
er al wa
er of a S
a
e. Vhe hgh ea are ubje

o 6 freeom² g.c freeom of avga
o 2.c freeom of overflgh
3.c freeom of fh g 4.c freeom
o la ubmar e able a  ppel e 5.c freeom
o o 
ru
ar
fal la  a  
ru
ure 6.c freeom of e
f reearh. Freeom of overflgh
belo g
o bo
h vla a  ml
ar arraf
. Freeom of fh g alo  lue
he u

o oopera
e 
ak g meaure
o e ure
he o erva
o a  ma ageme
of
he lv g reoure of
he hgh ea. Ever S
a
e whe
her oa
al or la -loke ha
he rgh

o al hp fl g 
 flag o
he hgh ea. Vhe flag 
a
e ha exluve jur
o over 
 hp o
he hgh ea
o
he ex
e
o
lm
e b agreeme
. B legal f
o  a hp  a floa
 g par
of
he flag 
a
e. › warhp whh e ou
er o
he hgh ea a foreg hp a boar
he la

er o l f
here  a reao able grou  for upe
 g
ha
² g.c
he hp  e gage  pra 2.c
he hp  e gage  lave
rae 3.c
he hp  e gage  u au
hore broaa
 g a 
he flag 
a
e of
he warhp ha jur
o 4.c
he hp  w
hou
a
o al
 5.c
hough fl g a foreg flag or refu g
o how 
 flag
he hp  reall of
he ame a
o al
 a
he warhp. Pra refer
o
he follow g a
² g.c a  llegal a
 of vole e or e
e
o  or a  a
of eprea
o  omm

e for prva
e e  b
he rew or
he pae ger of a prva
e hp or a prva
e arraf
 a  re
e² o
he hgh ea aga 
a o
her hp or arraf
 or aga 
pero  or proper
 o boar uh hp or arraf
; or aga 
a hp arraf
 pero  or proper
  a plae ou
e
he jur
o of a  S
a
e; 2.c a  a
of volu
ar par
pa
o 
he opera
o of a k ow pra
e hp or arraf
; 3.c a  a
of  
 g or of 
e
o all fal
a
 g a  of
he above a
.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

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Vake o
e
ha

he o
guou o e  par
of
he hgh ea. úo
puru
 allowe where
here  goo reao
o beleve
ha

he hp ha vola
e law or regula
o  of a oa
al 
a
e. Vh mu
omme e whe
he foreg veel  w
h
he 
er al wa
er
he arhpelag wa
er
he
err
oral wa
er or
he o
guou o e of
he puru g 
a
e. Y
ma o
 ue
o
he hgh ea f
he puru
ha o
bee 
errup
e. Y
 o
eear
ha
 a

he
me whe
he foreg hp w
h
he
err
oral ea or o
guou o e reeve
he orer
o 
op
he hp gv g
he orer houl lkewe be w
h
he
err
oral ea or o
guou o e. Yf
he foreg hp  
he o
guou o e 
ma be purue o l for vola
o  of
he rgh
 of
he oa
al 
a
e 
he o
guou o e. 2   
he rgh
of ho
puru
hall alo appl
o vola
o  of applable law a  regula
o  of
he oa
al 
a
e 
he EEZ or
he o
 e
al helf  lu g
he afe
 o e of
he helf. úo
puru
mu

op a oo a
he hp purue e
er
he
err
oral wa
er of 
 ow 
a
e or of a
hr 
a
e. úo
puru
ma be arre ou
o l b warhp or ml
ar arraf
 or a  o
her hp or arraf
properl marke for
ha
purpoe. úo
puru
 o
eeme
o have begu u le
he puru g hp ha a
fe 
elf b uh pra
able mea  a ma be avalable
ha

he hp purue  w
h
he lm
 of
he
err
oral ea or a
he ae ma be w
h
he o
guou o e EEZ or above
he o
 e
al helf. Vhe puru
ma o l be omme e af
er a vual or au
or g al
o 
op ha bee gve a
a 
a e whh e able 

o be ee or hear b
he foreg hp. Y
he eve
of a ollo or a  o
her  e
of avga
o o er  g a hp o
he hgh ea  volv g
he pe al or pl ar repo bl
 of
he ma
er or of a  o
her pero 
he erve of
he hp o pe al or pl ar proee g ma be  

u
e aga 
uh pero exep
before
he jual or am 
ra
ve au
hor
e e
her of
he flag S
a
e or of
he S
a
e of whh uh pero  a a
o al. Y pl ar ma

er
he S
a
e whh ha ue a ma
er' er
fa
e or a er
fa
e of ompe
e e or le e hall alo e be ompe
e
 af
er ue legal proe
o pro ou e
he w
hrawal of uh er
fa
e eve f
he holer  o
a a
o al of
he S
a
e whh ue
hem. ?o arre
or e
e
o of
he hp eve a a meaure of  ve
ga
o  hall be orere b a  au
hor
e o
her
ha
hoe of
he flag S
a
e. /c

- ."4' Y- c' %c#' ' "#" c-cY4Y c ".-&".c-c >"c>Y >c."'.c

c ›ll 
a
e have
he rgh
for
her a
o al
o e gage  fh g o
he hgh ea ubje

o
her
rea
 oblga
o 
he rgh
 a  u
e of oa
al 
a
e a 
he U?CLOS provo . Y l e w
h
h all 
a
e have
he u

o
ake or
o oopera
e w
h o
her 
a
e 
ak g uh meaure for
her repe
ve a
o al a ma be eear for
he o erva
o of
he lv g reoure of
he hgh ea (e.g. e
erm  g
he allowable a
h).

  52 ;;;3 ›u
rala a  ?ew Zeala  allege
ha
Japa ha fale
o ompl w
h 
 oblga
o
o oopera
e 
he o erva
o of
he ou
her blue f
u a (SBV) 
ok b u er
ak g u la
eral experme
al fh g for ou
her bluef
u a  breah of 
 oblga
o  u er ›r
 64 a  gg6
o gg9 of U?CLOS  rela
o
o
he o erva
o a  ma ageme
of
he SBV. Vhe are alo ak g for provo al remee 
he form of a orer omma  g Japa
o e
from uh u la
eral experme
al fh g.

Page  of g *


+ 2
  0YY Y  Y Y6 U er ar
64 rea
oge
her w
h ar
 gg6
o gg9 of
he Co ve
o  S
a
e Par
e
o
he Co ve
o have
he u

o oopera
e re
l or
hrough appropra
e 
er a
o al orga a
o  w
h a vew
o e ur g o erva
o a  promo
 g
he obje
ve of op
mum u
la
o of hghl mgra
or pee. SOUVúE„? BLUE FY? VU?› › úYGúL ¯YG„›VO„ SPECYES OF FYSú Vhe l
of hghl mgra
or pee o
a e  › ex Y
o
he Co ve
o  lue ou
her bluef
u a²  ;

+ YYY
 Y5 + Y ˜Y+Y   Y    Y4CCCYY Y + 
 
Y++Y  Ú4%
   P„OMYSYO?›L ¯E›SU„ES ›Y¯S VO P„ESE„ME „YGúVS ›?D ú›„¯ VO E?MY„O?¯E?V.Y aora e w
h ar
290 of
he Co ve
o 
he Vrbu al ma prerbe provo al meaure
o preerve
he repe
ve rgh
 of
he par
e
o
he pu
e or
o preve
erou harm
o
he mar e e vro me
. ¯E›SU„ES SúOULD BE V›KE? VO P„ESE„ME „YGúVS ›?D ›ME„V ¯O„E DEVE„YO„›VYO?. ›l
hough
he Vrbu al a o
o luvel ae
he e
f eve e pree
e b
he par
e 
f 
ha
meaure houl be
ake a a ma

er of urge 
o preerve
he rgh
 of
he par
e a 
o aver
fur
her e
erora
o of
he ou
her blue f
u a 
ok. /c Y > c-c' %9-C"%c. ' ".c -c' %c-#c >"c."'c c › la -loke 
a
e  o e whh ha o ea-oa
. Vhee 
a
e have
he rgh
of ae
o a  from
he ea a 
he freeom of
ra 

hrough
he
err
or of a
ra 

a
e (a 
a
e w
h or w
hou
a eaoa
 
ua
o be
wee a la -loke 
a
e a 
he ea
hrough whoe
err
or
raff 
ra 
pae). Vraff 
ra 
hall o
be ubje

o a  u
om u
e
axe or o
her harge exep

hoe leve for pef erve re ere  o e
o w
h uh
raff. c /c Y " ' Y- 'c."'
"%c'"'c c Vhee are area of
he eabe a 
he oea floor a 
her ubol whh le beo  a  a
o al jur
o . Vhee are
he ommo her
age of ma k  a  ma o
be appropra
e b a  
a
e or pero . ›ll rgh
 
he reoure of
he ›rea are ve
e  ma k  a a whole o whoe behalf
he ›u
hor
 (
he Y
er a
o al Sea-Be ›u
hor
) hall a
. Vhee reoure are o
ubje

o ale a
o . Vhe m eral reovere from
he ›rea however ma o l be ale a
e  aora e w
h
he releva
provo  of U?CLOS. Vhe E
erpre 
he orga of
he ›u
hor
 whh hall arr ou
a
v
e 
he ›rea re
l a well a
he
ra por
 g proe g a  marke
 g of m eral reovere from
he ›rea a  hall have 
 pr pal plae of bu e a

he ea
of
he ›u
hor
.

/c #'Y "c -& Y- cc c ¯ar e pollu
o preve
o a  o
rol ar g from la -bae oure ea-be-a
v
e ubje

o a
o al jur
o  a
v
e 
he ›rea veel a  o
her are overe qu
e ex
e vel u er U?CLOS. S
a
e are bou 
o preve
a  o
rol mar e pollu
o from a  oure a  are lable for amage aue b vola
o of
her 
er a
o al oblga
o 
o omba
uh pollu
o . 90 1 Y++ Y Y

Y Y  .(Y+    Y + Y  Y. Y   Y
+
YY Y   YY 
Y Y  YV$M%$  0V$ Y YYY  Y +    Y Y Y Y      Y+Y(YY 
+ Y Y Y. Y  +  Y  Y + V Y YY  YmY V"Y Y   Y 0Y&  Y
-YY+
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c cc  c9 c 
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Y
+
YY YY+++Y YYY   + Y++  ++YY++Y   Y YYY   Y+Y( /c '4Y ' Y- c c Ever S
a
e ha
he rgh

o al hp fl g 
 flag o
he hgh ea. Y

he S
a
e  rgh

o ee
he o 
o  b whh 
wll aor
he rgh

o fl 
 flag. ?o hp ma ha ge 
 flag ur g 
 voage exep
 ae of
ra fer of ow erhp or o
he ba of ha ge of reg
r. Yf a hp al u er
he flag of 2 
a
e 
 o ere a hav g o a
o al
 a  ma o
lam a  of
he a
o al
e repree
e b
hee flag w
h repe

o a  o
her S
a
e. O l
he flag 
a
e ma exere rm al jur
o over
he ma
er or a  pero 
he erve of
he hp. Vh  a epar
ure from
he 00  ae. ›lo
he flag 
a
e hall have
he u

o requre
he hp  ma
er w
hou
a ger
o
he rew or pae ger
o re er a
a e
o a  pero a
ea  a ger of be g lo
 or
o reue pero   
re. /c ." "#" c-c%Y. & ".c c Peaeful e

leme
of pu
e  ompulor. Yf a bla
eral e

leme
fal U?CLOS requre ubmo of
he pu
e for ompulor e

leme
 o e of
he
rbu al lo
he w
h jur
o . Vhe al
er a
ve are
he Y
er a
o al Vrbu al for
he Law of
he Sea
he YCJ or a arb
ral
rbu al o 

u
e u er
he Co ve
o . /c "'"&c&."c-c >"c-"' .cc c c Y exer g
her rgh
 a  perform g
her u
e u er U?CLOS 
a
e hall refra from a 
hrea
or ue of fore aga 

he
err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e of a  S
a
e or  a  o
her ma er  o 
e
w
h
he pr ple of 
er a
o al law emboe 
he U? Char
er. 0/c '>'"-- Y'c' %c>Y. -Y'c-
!" .c c S
a
e have
he u

o pro
e
obje
 of a arhaeologal a  h
oral a
ure fou  a
ea.

Page  of g *


c cc  c9 c 
¬ c %   c

Y " 'c(' ".c Wa
er o
he la war e of
he bael e of
he
err
oral ea. Y lue wa
er of lake rver por
 a  ba

. ,c !  $ c

Coa
al 
a
e ha abolu
e vl & rm al jur
o

¬ ¬ "Y -Y'c."'.c › ajae
bel
of ea whh oe o
exee g2 au
al mle from
he bael e. U er
he U?CLOS roa
ea are par
of
he
err
oral ea.

Coa
al 
a
e ha overeg
 (over arpae eabe ubol)  lm
e b
he rgh
of  oe
paage Flag 
a
e exere vl rm al jur
o w
h EXCEPVYO?S g. Crm al ʹ o eque e ex
e 
o oa
al 
a
e 
urb
he peae goo orer reque
for a
a e rug
raff 2. Cvl ʹ
hoe  urre b hp 
elf o e
e w
h
he voage

 ccc c.c

Vo aop
law regula
o  rela
 g
o  oe
paage Whe eear w
h regar
o avga
o al afe
 requre foreg hp
o ue ea la e
raff epara
o heme „gh
 of pro
e
o ( lue rgh

o
emporarl upe   oe
paage f ee
al for pro
e
o of 
 eur
)

'>Y "' -c › grp. of la   lu g par
 of la  
ero e
 g wa
er & o
her a
ural fea
ure whh are o loel 
errela
e
ha
uh form a 
r  geographal eo om & pol
al e

 or whh h
orall have bee regare a uh

- Y &-&.cB- "c › o e o
guou
o
he
err
oral ea
ha
ma o
ex
e  beo  24 au
al mle from
he bael e

›rhpelag 
a
e  overeg
 ex
e 
o
he arhpelag wa
er
he arpae above
hee wa
er
he eabe ubol a 
he reoure. Vh overeg
  exere ubje

o
he rgh
of arhpelag ea la e paage.

Coa
al 
a
e oe o
exere overeg
 bu
pro
e
ve jur
o . Coa
al 
a
e ha jur
o o l over u
om fal mmgra
o  or a 
ar law & regula
o 

Page 2 of g ""Bc › area beo  a  ajae

o
he
err
oral ea whh ex
e  200 au
al mle from
he bael e

Vhee are lm
e. Sovereg rgh
 o l for
he purpoe of explor g explo
 g o erv g a  ma ag g
he a
ural reoure lv g or o lv g 
he wa
er eabe a  ubol.

* - Y " 'c.>"c Seabe a  ubol of ubmar e area
ha
ex
e  beo 
he
err
oral ea
hroughou

he a
ural prolo ga
o of 
 la 
err
or
o
he ou
er ege of
he o
 e
al marg  or
o a 
a e of 200 mle from
he bael e whhever  grea
er. Coa
al 
a
e ha er
a overeg rgh
 over
he o
 e
al helf
hough 
oe
form par
of 

err
or. Vhee overeg rgh
 o
affe

he legal 
a
u of uperjae
wa
er a  arpae over
he wa
er.

Jur
o  lm
e w
h regar
o ar
fal la  a   
alla
o  mar e e
f reearh a  pro
e
o  preerva
o of mar e e vro me


Vo upe 
he rgh
of paage w
h regar
o pefe area f ee
al for
he pro
e
o of
he 
a
e  eur
 a  w
hou
rm a
o amo g foreg hp Vo eg a
e ea la e & ar rou
e Prerbe
raff epara
o heme for afe paage of hp va arrow ha el  uh la e Sub

u
e o
her ea la e

Coa
al 
a
e mu
make a lam
o 
 o
guou o e for
her per
 e
rgh

o ex
(
h o e  o l  +
he o
her are ma a
or). Vhe o
guou o e f lame wll be upermpoe o
he EEZ. Yf
here  o lam
he area wll be par
of
he hgh ea. Exere eear o
rol
o preve
vola
o  w
h regar
o u
om fal a 
ar

Vo explore explo
 o erve & ma age a
ural reoure lv g or o lv g 
he wa
er eabe or ubol. Vo o 
ru
 opera
e & ue ar
fal la  &  
alla
o  Vo la ubmar e able & ppel e Freeom of avga
o &

Sovereg rgh

o explore explo
a
ural reoure (m eral & o
her o lv g reoure of
he eabe & ubol & lv g orga m a

he harve
able 
age e
her mmoble o or u er
he eabe or are u able
o move exep
 o 
a
phal o
a
w
h
he eabe or ubol)

>Y >c."'.c ›ll par
 of
he ea
ha
are o
 lue 
he exluve eo om o e 
he
err
oral ea or 
he 
er al wa
er of a S
a
e or 
he arhpelag wa
er of a arhpelag S
a
e. ?o
u er jur
o  overeg
 of a  
a
e Shp u er
he flag of g 
a
e hall be ubje

o
he exluve jur
o of uh 
a
e. For ollo  o pe al proee g ma be  
a
e exep
before
he jual or am 
ra
ve au
hor
e of e
her
he flag 
a
e or of
he 
a
e of whh pero  
he erve of
he hp  a a
o al FO„ ›LL SV›VES² Freeom of
he hgh ea - avga
o - overflgh
- la ubmar e able ppel e - o 
ru
ar
fal la   
alla
o  - fh g - e
f reearh

Vo o 
ru
 opera
e & ue ar
fal la  &  
alla
o 

Vo v
warhp

Vo la ubmar e able &

Ymmu 
 of

úo
puru



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raff epara
o heme

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?o

o hamper
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hr 
a
e u er ex
 g agreeme


Vo gve appropra
e publ

o a  a ger
o avga
o  of whh 
ha k owlege w
h 

err
oral ea

„eog e
ra
o al fh g rgh
 o
her leg
ma
e a
v
e of ajae
eghbor g 
a
e

Page 3 of g * ppel e

mmgra
o

overflgh


Pu h  fr geme
of
he law rela
e
o
he 4 area

E
ablh afe
 o e arou  ar
fal la   
alla
o 

Co erve & ma age
he reoure Promo
e op
mum u
la
o

 cc  c .c

?O rgh
of 

oe
paage

EXCEPV whe
he e
ablhme
of a 
ragh
bael e e loe a 
er al wa
er
hoe whh ha o
prevoul bee o ere a uh % cc  c .c

„gh
of  paage

oe


?o harge ma be leve o foreg veel b reao o l of
her paage Submar e u erwa
er vehle mu
avga
e o
he urfae & how
her flag Compl w
h oa
al 
a
e  rule regula
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Page 2) of g *

- mmu 
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he om o  of Peru. Vhe rgh
of
he Peruva gover me

o volu
arl gve a par
  Ker  o 
o  a alum 
ha
ou
r  qu
e a ffere

h g from h rgh

o ema  a   
upo eur
  uh a alum. Vhe
rea
 o far a 
regula
e
he rgh
of alum  
e e
o lm

h rgh

he ae of o e who  prove
o be a rm al flee g from ju
e; o
ha
 o proper ema  a  proee g ha
here 
he gover me
of
he ou
r of
he alum hall elver hm up
o
he ou
r where
he rme wa omm

e. › 
o
h ex
e

he
rea
 oe regula
e or mpoe a re
r
o upo
he rgh
of
he gover me
of
he ou
r of
he alum
o pro
e

he rm al from removal. Y
h ae
he
rea
 wa
alle 
o opera
o or rele upo .  $*!1Org of
he ͞¯a-a -Pa o
r e.
cYmmu 
 from Jur
o Ge eral rule²
he jur
o of a 
a
e w
h 

err
or  omple
e a  abolu
e.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

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Ca
egore of exep
o ² Sovereg mmu 
 whh over bo
h a hea of 
a
e a 
he 
a
e 
elf & Ymmu 
 of
he repree
a
ve of 
a
e or ploma
 a  o ular mmu 
e. S
a
e mmu 
 ʹ
he pr ple
ha

he 
a
e ma o
be ue w
hou

 o e
fou  
he Phlpp e Co 

u
o  bo
h mu pal law a  alo 
er a
o al law applable
o foreg 
a
e. Vh  bae o
he pr ple of equal
 of 
a
e²   Y Y Y . Vhe mmu 
 of
he overeg hea  ee a alo ommu a
e
o
he overeg 
a
e. Dploma
 a  o ular mmu 
e - muh of
he law gover  g ploma
 rela
o   u
omar law. Offal repree
a
ve of a 
a
e are gve mmu 
e a  prvlege whh are pero al (
he be ef

he pero ) whe
he are w
h
he
err
or of a o
her 
a
e. Bu

he purpoe of
he mmu 
e gve  fu 
o al
ha

o e able
hem
o perform
her fu 
o  properl. O
he par
of
he reev g 
a
e
here le er
a oblga
o 
o pro
e

he repree
a
ve a  h proper
 a  offe. c  $*!1 Seem g ffere e be
wee overeg mmu 
 a  mmu 
 of a YO² o e reall whe we agree
o lm

err
oral jur
o va
he Bae ›greeme
(amo g o
her) emploee are mmu e for bo
h fu 
o al a  full mmu 
. Ve e ² arrow o 
ru
o of mmu 
² over o l overeg a
 Lm
 o Sovereg
² -US-„P Bae ›greeme
ʹ
ra 
or provo ² omple
e mmu 

o lm
e mmu 
 (lm
e
o overeg a
 a oppoe
o propre
ar a
) -bu
whe overeg Propre
ar Wha
abou
whe bul g bae Or
he ZVE o
ra
(
a
e e
erpreŒa
of Ch ee 
a
e Ch a ha o o ep
of prva
e e

e) Whe bu g helop
er armame
 (for efe e)Œ
ll overeg a
. Dfful
ae²
ra por
a
o Œvla a  overeg hara
er f ur g o -go g arme o fl
 prva
e veel ommo e b
he 
a
e f
here  o o fl
-„VC of ¯aka
² o omple
e mmu 
 Ve
² g.c ?a
ure of a
ʹ whe
her overeg or propre
ar. 2.c Pero al
 of o
ra
 g par
e ʹ
rumpe b purpoe
e
(armame
 ol b prva
e e

e
o 
a
e
o be ue for efe e).

Page 2 of g *


here wa o epara
e
rea
 w
h uh a prohb
o . Our revew of
he 
er a
o al au
hor
e a  l
era
ure reveal o pef b  g oblga
o  expre or mple o
he par
of
he US or 
 age

o refra from
ra borer k app g. ?or a we a
ha

here  a ͞u veral o e u 
he e e
ha
we ue
ha

erm
o erbe well-e
re he u
om of 
er a
o al law. Beaue a huma rgh
 orm reog  g a  vual' rgh

o be free from
ra borer abu
o  ha o
reahe a 
a
u of 
er a
o al aor uffe

o re er 
͞oblga
or or ͞u veral 
a o
qualf a a a
o able orm u er
he ›VC›. ›pra
o ha o
e
rpe e 
o oblga
o . Bu
 ex
ra
err
oral appla
o oe o
au
oma
all gve re
o ex
ra
err
oral e foreme
au
hor
. Vha
Co gre ma have 
e e
he reah of a rm al 
a
u
e
o ex
e  beo  our borer oe o
mea
ha
Co gre alo 
e e
o gve feeral law e foreme
offer u lm
e au
hor

o vola
e
he
err
oral overeg
 of a  foreg a
o
o e fore
hoe law or
o breah 
er a
o al law  o g o. ›l
hough we reog e
ha

he k app g a  murer of DE› age
 abroa ee
a
e
he exere of ex
ra
err
oral rm al jur
o  abe
a lear re
ve we a o
o lue
ha
Co gre ha gve
he DE› u lm
e e foreme
power abroa. ›lvare' arre
 a  he e h e
e
o  were arb
rar beaue
he were o
͞purua

o law. Co eque
l ›lvare e
ablhe a
or
omm

e  vola
o of
he law of a
o . O
he Feeral Vor
 Clam ›
² ›l
hough
he  jure were uffere  ¯exo
he proxma
e aue of uh  jure (pla  g hem g e
.) were o e 
he US a  o 
fall u er
he heaquar
er o
r e exep
o
o
he foreg a
v
e exep
o . ›  al
hough
he waver of overeg mmu 
 u er
he FVC› exlue 
e
o al
or
 uh a fale arre

h exluo  followe b a mpor
a
provo² Y
oe o
appl f
he 
e
o al
or
 omm

e b a ͞ ve
ga
ve or law e foreme
offer. Vhe DE› age
 who orhe
ra
e ›lvare' arre
are law e foreme
offer a ef e b
he FVC› beaue
he are ͞empowere b law
o exeu
e earhe
o ee eve e or
o make arre
 for vola
o  of Feeral law. Beaue
he prmar
or
ou a
wa
he  
a
o a  pla  g of ›lvare' abu
o b
he DE› age
 h lam fall quarel w
h
h law e foreme
provo a 
hu
he 
e
o al
or
exluo oe o
appl.

+%2  3 & .:%+2Ý   3

Clama
eek amage for llegal arre
& wro gful e
e
o .

 $*!1 - Mal ex
ra
o u er 
er a
o al law ʹ
rea
 a  offe e mu
a
f ccc$

  (bo
h a

me of happe  g or ommo a  a

he
me of reque

he offe e mu
be ef e  bo
h
err
ore). 2007 Bar] - ou are c0 cc1  (for
or
ure e
.) from a ou
r o
orou for vola
o of
or
ure e
. ( lu g
he ea
h pe al
) - Pol
al rme are ef e  Ex
ra
o Vrea
 a be g o ex
ra
able; pero aue for uh ma appl for refugee 
a
u be a alum eeker.

%V%+ #  +Y  
YFVC›  foreg ou
r exep
o bar all lam bae o a   jur uffere  a foreg ou
r regarle of where
he
or
ou a
or omo ourre. Vhe ›le Vor
 S
a
u
e  a jur
o al 
a
u
e rea
 g o ew aue of a
o . Vhe reao able  fere e from h
or & pra
e 
ha

he ›VS wa 
e e
o have pra
al effe

he mome

beame law o
he u er
a  g
ha

he ommo law woul prove a aue of a
o for
he moe
umber of YL vola
o 
hough

o arr pero al labl
 a

he
me² offe e aga 
ambaaor vola
o of afe o u
 & pra. Y erv g a 
a ar for ae g ›lvare' lam 
uffe
o look
o
he h
oral a
eee
 whh peruae
h Cour

ha
feeral our
 houl o
reog e lam u er feeral ommo law for vola
o  of a  YL orm w
h le ef 
e o
e
& aep
a e amo g vle a
o 
ha
he g8
h-e
ur paragm famlar whe
he ›VS wa e a
e. (͞F]or purpoe of vl labl

he
or
urer ha beomeʹlke
he pra
e & lave
raer before hmʹ  
YY  a e em of all ma k ) Ym  Y  2  
  
  ͞›
o able vola
o  of YL mu
be of a orm
ha
 pef u veral & oblga
or. ›  gle llegal

›lvare ue US & pa k apper af
er he wa aqu

e o harge for whh he wa brough

o
he US. >
  +Y Y %V% O
he ›le Vor
Clam ›
² US oe o
reog e a prohb
o aga 

ra borer k app g or a 
be a
ha

here  
er a
o al aep
a e of uh a orm. ›

he
me of ›lvare' abu
o 
he US-¯exo Ex
ra
o Vrea
  o
ex
e 
o
ra borer abu
o a 


c cc  c9 c 
¬

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e
e
o of le
ha a a followe b
he
ra fer of u
o
o lawful au
hor
e & a promp
arrag me
 vola
e o orm of u
omar YL o well ef e a
o uppor

he rea
o of a feeral reme. c  $*!1cc SC² Show  jur from a offal a
; „equreme
² o break 
he aua
o of eve
 (ommo mu
be 
he US
err
or). O Soa² ›CV›  avalable for v
m of 
er a
o al rme; f erve b ummo   US. ›CV› oe o
applŒjur
o -gv g o l; c $cc$  prove 
he law; k app g  c $c c c cc$ c$

. ›CV›² for +2 Œamage for pol
al murer e fore appeara e. ›CV›² ame e b Buh; ow avalable o l for
or
ure (before  lue vola
o of law of a
o Œwar rme rme aga 
huma 
 laver
or
ure) Y k app g a 
er a
o al rme 

(+&

 !:
    ›ppeal of o v
o for rme aga 
huma 
 ur g
he úoloau
. Y +#  Y  Y
  8Y   Y  Y 

Y #  O jur
o ² Vhe pr ple of
err
oral overeg
 merel requre
ha

he S
a
e exere 
 power
o pu h w
h 
 ow borer o
ou
e
hem;
ha
ubje

o
h re
r
o ever S
a
e ma exere a we re
o a
o
he appla
o of 
 law a 
he jur
o of 
 our
  repe
of a
 omm

e ou
e
he S
a
e; a 
ha
o l  o far a 
 poble
o po

o a pef rule prohb
 g
he exere of
h re
o . . .  a S
a
e preve
e from exer g 
. Vha
vew wa bae o
he follow g
wo grou ² (g) Y
 preel
he o ep
o of S
a
e overeg
 whh ema 
he preluo of a  preump
o
ha

here  a re
r
o o 
  epe e e; & (2) Eve f 

rue
ha

he pr ple of
he
err
oral hara
er of rm al law  frml e
ablhe  varou S
a
e 
 o le
rue
ha
 almo
all of uh S
a
e rm al jur
o ha bee ex
e e . . . o a
o embrae offe e omm

e ou
e 

err
or. . . úowever 

he u veral hara
er of
he rme  que
o whh ve
  ever S
a
e
he power
o
r
hoe who par
pa
e 
he prepara
o of uh rme a 
o pu h
hem
herefor. Y
follow
ha

he S
a
e whh proeu
e a  pu he a pero for
ha
offe e a
 olel a
he orga a  age
of
he 
er a
o al ommu 
 a  me
e ou
pu hme

o
he offe er for h breah of
he prohb
o mpoe b
he law of a
o . . . . O ma er of arre
(k app g from ›rge
 a)² (a) Y
he abe e of a ex
ra
o agreeme
be
wee
he S
a
e
o whh a "fug
ve offe er" ha bee brough
for
ral a 
he ou
r of "alum" . . . a  eve f
here ex
e uh a agreeme
. . . bu

he offe er wa o
ex
ra
e . . .  aora e
herew
h
he Cour
wll o
 ve
ga
e
he rum
a e  whh he wa e
a e a  brough

o
he area of jur
o (Sr²
he ͞¯a-a -Pa o
r e org all from >Y ++). (b) Vh alo apple f
he offe er' o
e
o be
ha

he abu
o wa arre ou
b
he age
 of
he S
a
e proeu
 g hm  e  uh a ae
he rgh
vola
e  o

ha
of
he offe er bu

he overeg rgh
of
he S
a
e aggreve. ()
he aggreve S
a
e ma o o e
he vola
o of 
 overeg
 a  wave 
 lam  lu g
he lam for
he re
ur of
he offe er
o 

err
or a  uh waver ma be expl
or b aquee e.

Page 2 of g *

›ppella
 a "fug
ve from ju
e" from
he po
of vew of
he law of a
o   e
he rme
ha
were a

rbu
e
o hm are of a 
er a
o al hara
er a  have bee o em e publl b
he vle worl;
herefore b vr
ue of
he pr ple of u veral jur
o  ever ou
r ha
he rgh

o
r hm. Vh jur
o wa au
oma
all ve
e 
he S
a
e of Yrael o 
 e
ablhme
 g948 a a overeg S
a
e. Vherefore  br g g
he appella

o
ral 
fu 
o e a a orga of 
er a
o al law a  a
e
o e fore
he provo 
hereof
hrough 
 ow law. Co eque
l 
 mma
eral
ha

he rme  que
o were omm

e whe
he S
a
e of Yrael  o
ex
 a  ou
e 

err
or Vhe mome

 am

e
ha

he S
a
e of Yrael poee rm al jur
o bo
h aor g
o loal law a  aor g
o
he law of a
o  
mu
alo be o ee
ha

he Cour
 o
bou 
o  ve
ga
e
he ma er a  legal
 of
he arre
a ]͙e
e
o ...

4Ý+8#& Burmee 
e  ue for   u er
he ›VC› alleg g
ha
 c$ c fore
hem
o loa
e a 
he make am. 0Y +%V%+For purpoe of   c ccc

$ c 
o hal
›mera orpora
o '  volveme
 ga ppel e proje
 ¯a mar beaue of allege o
 u g vola
o  of huma rgh
 Burmee 
e  lv g  refugee amp  Vhala  emo 
ra
e ex
e e of reble
hrea

ha

he woul be ubje
e
o huma rgh
 vola
o  allegel omm

e  fur
hera e of ppel e proje
b how g
ha

he are  a ger of be g forbl repa
ra
e
o ¯a mar e
her a reul
of Burmee a

ak o refugee amp or Vha Y +YY a
o . Yf pla
ff e
ablhe 
a  g
o eek amage our
ccc c c 0 cc0 c . Yua e of  ju 
o
o hal
›mera orpora
o '  volveme
 ga ppel e proje
 ¯a mar beaue of Burmee gover me
' allege o
 u g vola
o  of huma rgh
 wa o
lkel
o hal
allege huma rgh
 vola
o  where bulk of orpora
o '  
al ap
al  ve
me
ha alrea bee mae a  opera
o of ppel e wa w
h re
o of par
e who were o
par
e
o lawu
.  $*!1 Ppel e  ¯a mar;  ge ou people fore
o leave a 
he work. Clam  Feeral Cour
u er ›CV›. U?OC›L wa  ve
e  a a epara
e ompa  (jo
ve
ure). ¯a mar² o
roll g hare  loal ubar. Yue² Wh pr pal ompa  wa hel lable Eve f
he o l ha m or
 hare a 
he ma ageme
wa w
h
he rul g ju
a. Vhere  a rela
o of a
 of ju
a a  pero al
 of
he mo
her ompa  (pave  ve
or). Cour
² E fore laver prohb
o  eve b 9c$. Feeral Cour
a² ?o o
rol over ¯a mar. Speal Cru
Cour
² „evere hel U?OC›L lable.

+5 Y
er a
o al arre
warra
aga 
Co go Foreg ¯ 
er pro
e
e a vola
o of u
omar YL w
h repe

o ploma
 abolu
e mmu 
; ¯ 
er ha  e lef

he gover me
. , + + Y  Y Y+ Dploma
 a  o ular age
 er
a hgh-ra k g offal  a 
a
e uh a
he úea of S
a
e úea of Gover me
 a  ¯ 
er for Foreg ›ffar e jo mmu 
e from jur
o  o
her 
a
e bo
h vl a  rm al. Ymmu 
e aore
o m 
er of foreg affar  u
omar YL are aore
o e ure
he effe
ve performa e of
her fu 
o  o behalf of
her 
a
e a  o
for
her pero al be ef
. ›f
er
he YCJ o ere
he a
ure of
he fu 
o 


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

exere b a m 
er of foreg affar 
o lue
ha
h fu 
o  are uh
ha

hroughou

he ura
o of h offe he whe abroa e jo full mmu 
 from rm al jur
o a   volabl
. Vh mmu 
 a   volabl
 pro
e

he  vual o er e from a  a
of au
hor
 of a o
her 
a
e whh woul h er hm or her 
he performa e of h or her u
e. Vhere a be o 
 
o from a
 whh were performe  a ͞offal apa
 a   a ͞prva
e apa
.  YCJ  u able
o o lue
ha

here ex
exep
o  u er u
omar YL  regar
o a
o al our
 upo exam a
o of
he rule o er  g mmu 
 or rm al repo bl
 of pero  hav g offal apa
 o
a e 
he legal  
rume
 rea
 g 
er a
o al rm al
rbu al. S
a
e Pra
e alo oe o
how
he ex
e e of exep
o 
o
he m 
er of foreg affar

mmu 
 u er u
omar YL. Vhe eo  of
he ?uremberg a  Voko 
er a
o al ¯l
ar Vrbu al a  of
he Y
er a
o al Crm al Vrbu al for
he Former ugolava o o
eal w
h
he que
o of mmu 
e  umbe
m 
er of foreg affar before a
o al our
 where
he are aue of war rme or rme aga 
huma 
. Belgum vola
e
he mmu 
e of
he
he ¯ 
er of Foreg ›ffar of
he Co go. Vhe mere ue a 
he rula
o of
he a w WO? 
g fa
l 
erfere w
h eroa  ploma
 a
v
 o 

u
e a vola
o of a oblga
o of Belgum
owar Co go 
ha

fale
o repe

he mmu 
 of
ha
¯ 
er a  more par
ularl  fr ge
he mmu 
 from rm al jur
o a 
he  volabl
 e joe b hm u er YL.

8&+ G   Jme e o
e
 arre
warra
ue aga 
hm YCOW a ex
ra
o reque
b
he US. m  8 Y Vhe ul
ma
e purpoe of ex
ra
o proee g 
o e
erm e whe
her
he reque
expree 
he pe

o  uppor
e b 
 a exe &
he eve e
ha
ma be aue ur g
he hear g of
he pe

o  $  c cc"1  c cc; & whe
her
he pero ough
 1 . Vhe proee g are 
e e merel
o  cc0 c  br g g
he aueŒor
he fug
ve who ha llegall eapeΠbak
o 

err
or o
ha

he rm al proe ma proee
here . B e
er g 
o a ex
ra
o
rea
 „P  eeme
o have repoe 

ru

he relabl
 or ou  e of
he legal a  jual 
em of 

rea
 par
er a well a 
he abl
 a 
he wll g e of
he la

er
o gra
ba rgh

o
he aue 
he pe  g rm al ae
here . Ex
ra
o proee g are c0 ccc$

c$  whh gul
or  oe e  e
erm e. Co eque
l a ex
ra
o ae  o
o e  whh
he o 

u
o al rgh
 of
he aue are eearl avalable. Y
 more ak  f a
all
o a $@c 0cc $c  cccccc$$cc cc ccc$c cc c . úav g o e eape
he jur
o of
he reque
 g 
a
e
he reao able   Y preump
o 
ha

he pero woul eape aga f gve
he oppor
u 
.  c1 ccccc c cc ccc $cccccccc cc  cccc /c c
c > Ex
ra
o ʹ
he urre er of a  vual b
he 
a
e w
h whoe
err
or he  fou 
o
he 
a
e u er whoe law he  allege
o have omm

e a rme or
o have bee o v
e a rme. Y
 a proe
ha
 gover e b
rea
. Vhe legal rgh

o

Page 22 of g *

ema  ex
ra
o a 
he orrela
ve u

o urre er a fug
ve ex
o l whe rea
e b
rea
 whh ma over pef rme o l or all offe e o ere rm al b bo
h 
a
e. ¯o

rea
e exlue relgou a  pol
al offe e al
hough
he la

er have ever bee preel ef e. Bu
a 
a
e ma urre er a fug
ve f urre er g hm  o
o
rar
o
he 
a
e  o 

u
o . > Pr ple o Ex
ra
o ² g.c ?o 
a
e  oblge
o ex
ra
e u le
here  a
rea
 2.c Dffere e  legal 
em a be a ob
ale
o 
erpre
a
o of wha

he rme  3.c „elgou a  pol
al offe e are o
ex
ra
able. > proeure  ormall
hrough ploma
 ha el (how ex
ra
o rule a be bpae² 0%+ Y-(2; how ue proe requreme
 work  a ex
ra
 ae² 0Y Y   ˜ Y  8 0% 
 Y).


YY 
   YYY
Yc%c' $cc.c   c c '/c)cY cc$ccc. whe o u
o 
 of a a
o or omo ² a. a

rbu
able
o
he S
a
e u er YL; & b. o 

u
e a breah of a 
l oblga
o of
he S
a
e. c '  cc$cc c-ccc5'/c,c3,cJ8Ecc cY  ccc5'/cc2,c
,c+,cg*,cgg8/c c '/cg)cbreah - a
of
he S
a
e  o
 o form
 w
h wha
 requre b
he oblga
o . '/cg3cS
a
e a g or a
 g a o
her S
a
e  omm

 g a 
er a
o all wro gful a
(YW›). '/cgJcS
a
e re
 & o
rol a o
her S
a
e  omm

 g a YW›. '/cg
cS
a
e oere a o
her S
a
e  omm

 g a YW›. c %c  c   c wro gful e of
he a
prelue f o e²c '/c)gc lawful meaure of elf-efe e u er
he U? Char
er. '/c))ca a ou
ermeaure u er
hee Draf
›r
le. '/c) cue
o  Y#Y Y '/c)co e
o ave a lfe  
re o o
her reao able mea . '/ )2²  ee
. '/ )3 o preluo f wro gful e  YCOW a oblga
o ar g u er a preemp
or orm of ge eral YL. '/c)+clegal o eque e of YW› o o
affe
o
 ue u

o perform
he oblga
o breahe. '/c *coblga
o   ae of YW›² a. eae
he a
 f o
 u g; b. offer aura e of o -repe

o . '/c gEc repo ble S
a
e oblge
o make repara
o for  jur aue. Y jur  lue a  amage whe
her ma
eral or moral aue b
he S
a
e  YW›. '/c )c
er al law a
ju
f falure
o ompl w
h oblga
o  '/c 2c repo ble S
a
e oblge
o make re

u
o (re-e
ablh 
ua
o before YW›)
o
he ex
e

ha
re

u
o  o
ma
erall mpoble & bure  o
ou
of propor
o
o be ef
of re

u
o ra
her
ha ompe a
o . '/c 3c repo ble S
a
e oblge
o ompe a
e for amage aue f o re

u
o poble over g a  f a all aeable amage  lu g lo of prof
e
ablhe. '/c Jcrepo ble S
a
e oblge
o gve a
fa
o f o re

u
o or ompe a
o poble o 
 g of ak owlegme
of breah expreo of regre
 formal apolog o
ou
of propor
o
o  jur o
 a wa o a
o humla
e
he repo ble S
a
e.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

'/c *c rule appl WYVú „EG›„D VO erou breah u er a oblga
o ar g u er a preemp
or orm of ge eral YL.c '/c )c  jure S
a
e  vok g a o
her  repo bl
 f breah  owe
o² a.
he S
a
e  vuall b. group of S
a
e  lu g  jure o e or 
l ommu 
 a a whole&
he breah² . peall affe

he S
a
e . o raall ha ge
he po
o of o
her 
a
e WYVú „EG›„D VO fur
her performa e of
he oblga
o '/c 
c o - jure S
a
e  vok g repo bl
 ʹ oblga
o breahe  owe
o group of 
a
e  lu g
ha
S
a
e &  e
ablhe for pro
e
o of olle
ve 
ere
 & oblga
o owe
o 
l ommu 
 a a whole. Clam u er fr
par
² for ea
o & prome of o -repe

o  & repara
o  for
he  jure S
a
e or of be efare. '/c +c  jure S
a
e
ak g ou
ermeaure aga 
repo ble 
a
e
o  ue ompla e w
h oblga
o ; lm
e
o o performa e a

me of
ak g
he ou
ermeaure  uh a wa a
o allow reump
o of performa e. '/c 2*c ou
ermeaure o o
affe
² oblga
o
o refra from
hrea
or ue of fore fu ame
al huma rgh
 pro
e
o  huma 
ara oblga
o  prohb
 g repral & oblga
o  u er preemp
or orm of ge eral YL. Vak g ou
ermeaure wo
exue from pu
e e

leme
proeure & repe
 g  volabl
 of ploma
 o ular age
 preme arhve oume
. '/c 2gc omme ura
e ou
ermeaure² grav
 of YW› rgh
 affe
e. '/c2)cbefore ou
ermeaure ema  fulfllme
of oblga
o & o
f repo ble S
a
e of eo
o
ake ou
ermeaure & offer
o ego
a
e. Yf eear
o pro
e
rgh

ake ou
ermeaure bu
o
f (or upe  f alrea
ake ) YW› ha eae & pu
e  pe  g  appropra
e
rbu al our
(re
ra
or upe o o
requre f repo ble S
a
e fal
o mpleme
e

leme
proeure  goo fa
h). '/c 2 
erm a
e ou
ermeaure upo ompla e w
h oblga
o .c  $*!1 Wha
f a „P ›rm prva
e ho
a US ›rm pero el whle ru k Coul a foo
oler br g abou

a
e repo bl
 aum g a

ak aga 

he 
a
e Vhe a
wll e gage S„ beaue he  a age
of
he 
a
e o he a
 a par
of a orga of
he 
a
e (arm). Y 
be g a ul
ra vre a
a efe e ?o. 2007 Bar² ¯aor  EO ba  g o
raep
ve  prva
e l  o poor people lo
ae
o faml pla  g
eh olog. Y
h o 

u
o al ?o. Prva ( umber of k)Œexpa e ue proe rgh
. Y
h a vola
o of 
l law Coul ¯aor e gage S„  behalf of
he 
a
e e (eve ul
ra vre a
). > Whe o ou  ur S„ „equ
e (›r
. 2)² a.c breah of 
l oblga
o b.c a

rbu
able
o 
a
e (a

rbu
o ) > Soure of
he pr ple of S„² YLC Draf
›r
le o S
a
e „epo bl
. úow b  g See ?or
h Sea Co
 e
al Shelf ae² YLC ›r
le (Co
 e
al Shelf Co ve
o )Œma a
e of YLC 
o of 
l law; ompoe of exper
 (ubar oure of YL) om a
e b 
a
e bu
a
  epe e
l & repree
a
ve of all legal regme of
he worl; refle
 or  eve e of u
omar law > Eve e of Cu
omar ?ormm YLC ofe
he orm² g. S
a
e pra
e² repree
a
ve of eo  hel b our
 all over 2. op o jur² o
u er a  ompulo
o of orm u er YL bu
o l orm
he feel are law.

Page 23 of g *

> Doe
he Draf
›r
le a whe
here  S„ Sr² o 
o l a whe
here  breah of a
rea
 or a orm. Vo e
erm e S„ look a
ub
a
ve law. ›f
er 80 ear of raf
 g
here  o o luo o S„ beaue
here  o Co ve
o aop
 g 
. Vhe o l wa
o f h
he proje
wa
o leave
he e
fa
o of S„
o ub
a
ve law. Y
l Vrbu al² be
wee S
a
e a  pero  

err
or. ?ow beo 
he a
o al
 pr ple o 
 
o a
o a
o al
. > ¯ mum 
a ar for
rea
me
of people  our
err
or² o
fxe; bae o rum
a e. Du
² ue lge e  pro
e
o of ale  a 
her proper
  our
err
or. Gve re
o breah of oblga
o WYVú „EG›„D VO
rea
me
of ale  a 
her proper
. Draf
›r
le² g.c Prove bo
h eleme
² breah + a

rbu
o 2.c ew oblga
o are² repo bl

o eae a  e
 aura e of o -repe

o & repara
o (re
ora
o
o 
a
u quo a
e or ompe a
o f o re
ora
o poble; ex
 guh all o eque eŒChorow Fa
or ae) . > S
a
e repo bl
  a u
hell² g. ›r
. 2-f
here  a breah ew oblga
o  are -
h ar
le 
he o
e
ou ar
le² wha
o 

u
e ͞breah 2. ›r
. 30-
o eae & e
;
o guara
ee o -repe

o 3. ›r
. 3g-repara
o
o 
a
u quo a
e > Who a e gage 
a
e repo bl
² g. S
a
e orga  - ›r
. 4² alwa (lea
problema
); ͞Orga  u er YL  lue all bra he &  
rume
al
e of
he gov
a ef e u er o 

u
o al or 
er al law. 2. prva
e  vual- (mo
problema
) ›r
. 5- empowere ›r
. 8- a
 g upo  
ru
o or o
rol (?aragua v. US) ›r
. 9- e fa
o ›r
.g0- ueful  urre
o al moveme
›r
.gg- a
 ra
fe b
he S
a
e 
elf > Yllu
ra
o ² P o emploe a eur
 guar  US Bae  Yraq. Vhe o
ra  ?aragua (US fu e bu
Cour
a
ha
low level uppor
  uffe

o e gage S„). ›re
he a
 g a age
 Y Burma U?OC›L ue eur
 guar aga 
 ge ou people
o rve
hem awa from
her a e
ral oma  a 
he
o fore
hem
o bul am US prove fu ; lam wa WYVú „EG›„D VO laver; ha a omprome agreeme
bu
prelm ar rul g wa
ha
US wa lable for age ; efe e² for eur
. Y „P prva
e eur
 guar ue  ell 
e aga 
?P› f
he e gage  frefgh
 u er YúL are
he eur
 guar omba
a
 (for
he 
a
e)  o -
l arme o fl

c > S
a ar for
he pro
e
o of ale ² Do
r e of ͞ a
o al 
ere
 or ͞equal
 of
rea
me
 ʹ ale  are
rea
e 
he ame ma er a a
o al of
he 
a
e where
he ree. Goo² ame be ef
. Ba² 

he 
a
e 
ra al a  
 mu pal law are harh a  vola
ve of huma rgh
 eve of 
 ow 
e 
he ale  woul alo be ubje

o uh harh law. ͞¯ mum 
er a
o al 
a ar ʹ however harh
he mu pal law mgh
be aga 
a 
a
e  ow 
e  ale  houl be pro
e
e b er
a m mum 
a ar of huma e pro
e
o . Wel aep
e 
a ar bu
ab
ra
. > Corpora
o  a  hareholer² 7 Y+V  Y² Belgum lake # 
o exere ploma
 pro
e
o of hareholer  a Ca aa ompa  w
h repe

o meaure
ake aga 

ha
ompa   Spa . Whe a 
a
e am
 
o 

err
or foreg  ve
me
 or foreg a
o al 
 bou 
o ex
e 
o
hem
he pro
e
o of
he law a 
o aume oblga
o  o er  g
he
rea
me
affore
hem. Bu



c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

uh oblga
o  are o
abolu
e. Y orer
o br g a lam  repe
of
he breah of uh a oblga
o  a S
a
e mu
fr
e
ablh 
 rgh

o o o. Whe ever a hareholer  
ere
 are harme b a a
o e
o
he ompa  

o
he la

er
ha
he ha
o look
o  

u
e appropra
e a
o . c

  UK lam aga 
›lba a  m e pla
e 
he Corfu Cha el; ›lba a lam
ha

 overeg
 wa vola
e whe UK la
er wep

he S
ra
for more m e. ,+ Y   Y +Y Y   Vhe la g of
he m efel oul o
have bee aomplhe w
hou

he k owlege of ›lba a (loa
o  le g
h of oa
a
o 
ra
 guar po
 a 
ra
eg plae). Y
wa her u

o o
f hpp g a  epeall
o war
he hp proee g
hrough
he S
ra
o O
. 22 of
he a ger
o whh
he were expoe. ?o
h g wa a

emp
e b ›lba a
o preve

he a
er &
hee grave omo   volve her 
er a
o al repo bl
. ›lba a woul have bee ju
fe  vew of
hee exep
o al rum
a e  u g regula
o   repe
of
he paage bu
o
 prohb
 g uh paage or  ubje
 g 

o
he requreme
of peal au
hora
o . Vhe paage wa  oe
bo
h  
 pr ple  e 
wa eg e
o affrm a rgh
whh ha bee u ju
l e e a   
 me
ho of exeu
o  whh were o
u reao able  vew of
he fr g from
he ›lba a ba

er o ¯a g5
h. Vhe Cour
a o l regar
he allege rgh
of 
erve
o a
he ma fe
a
o of a pol of fore whh a o
f  a plae  
er a
o al law. › regar
he o
o of elf-help
he Cour
 alo u able
o aep

² be
wee  epe e
S
a
e
he repe
for
err
oral overeg
  a ee
al fou a
o for 
er a
o al rela
o . Cer
a l
he Cour
reog e
he ›lba a Gover me
 omple
e falure
o arr ou

 u
e af
er
he exploo  a 
he la
or a
ure of 
 ploma
 ?o
e a ex
e ua
 g rum
a e for
he a
o of
he U 
e K gom. Bu

o e ure repe
for 
er a
o al law of whh 

he orga 
he Cour
mu
elare
ha

he a
o of
he Br
h ?av o 

u
e a vola
o of ›lba a overeg
. c

$"  2F+ 3 Fre h age
 e
roe a Gree peae Y
l veel
he „a bow Warror whle  harbour  ?ew Zeala . ?ew Zeala  proeu
e 2 ap
ure Fre h age
 of
he Dre
ora
e Ge eral of Ex
er al Seur
. %  
   Y› ommu qué from
he Prme ¯ 
er of Fra e o frme
ha
age
 a
e u er 
  
ru
o  & prome repara
o . Dpu
e over Fra e  ema  for releae & ?ew Zeala   lam for ompe a
o . Vhe U? Sere
ar-Ge eral' rul g requre Fra e
o pa US $7 mllo
o ?ew Zeala  a 
o u er
ake o

o
ake er
a ef e meaure  jurou
o ?ew Zeala 
rae w
h
he Europea Commu 
e. Vhe rul g alo prove
ha
¯ajor ¯afar
a  Cap
a Preur were
o be releae 
o Fre h u
o bu
were
o pe 
he ex
3 ear o a ola
e Fre h ml
ar bae 
he Paf.

8Ý     28 3 US Emba & 
aff  Yra were ee b pro
e
or w
hou
Yra a au
hor
e a

emp
 g
o preve
uh bu
w
h la
er 
a
eme
 of uppor
b
he ›a
ollah.       Y Vhe Cour
a
ha

he   c9c of
he emba wa c ccc. '  cc

Page 2J of g *

cccc c c ccc$cc$ c c ccc. "YYcY . & Y- .c cc$ c ccc.. Vhe fr

a
eme
 mae b
he Yra a gover me
were o
uffe

o make
he ml
a

he age
 of
he 
a
e. Bu
a
o
he eo  
a
eme

he how g of uppor
a  e ourageme
of
he e
e
o of
he ho
age mae
he ml
a
 a

ha
of
he Yra a S
a
e. Vh gave re
o Yra  
er a
o al repo bl
 for
he a
.   $*!1 Vc ›r
. ggm 
a
e ak owlege a  aop

he o u
g. o eve e
o l k mob  a

ak
o Yra 2. falure
o pro
e

he preme of
he emba ploma
 mo Vc Y
er a
o al law breah² gro eglge e  u
 of pro
e
 g ale  Vc S
a ar ( o
a ef 
ve formula)² a
o al
 a  m mum 
a ar of
rea
me
Vc Sub
a
ve orm² ?eer Clam Vc Y
he „P
he ¯elo Commo a
ha

here wa omma  repo bl
 labl
 o l a far a Palpara we
. So f G¯› prae Palpara  her SO?› for a job well o e 
here ra
fa
o u er ›r
. gg c

ÝÝ8#&   .  ! Pola   allege llegal expropra
o labl

o Germa ow er. ,+ Y   Y +Y& Y  
 Pola  ha a po
ve u

o repe
a  affor pro
e
o
o
he proper
 rgh
 of ale  lv g  

err
or. Y 
er a
o al law a  breah of a e gageme
 volve a oblga
o
o make repara
o ( o
e² wpe ou
a muh of
he o eque e & re
ur
o 
a
u . Y & re

u
o or ompe a
o ).

    & !#  *     #        5  85  !28+
 5  3 U o Brge lam amage ar g ou
of
he removal of
he ma
eral from Por
Elabe
h
o
he Ymperal ¯l
ar „alwa Bloemfo
e  b úarro 
he 
orekeeper of
he Cape Gov
„alwa a
Por
Elabe
h a age
of
he Br
h gov
 w
hou
U o Brge  o e
 a  
 ubeque
ale.c %    Y
úarro purpor
e
o $cc $  gve
o hm a   o g o he omm

e
wo m
ake  a muh a 
g) wa eu
ral proper
; a  2) wa 
e e for a roa a  o
a ralwa brge. Vhe o g me
of
he ma
eral
o Blomfo
e wa a wro gful 
erfere e w
h eu
ral proper
 a  
wa w
h úarro  u
 a ralwa 
orekeeper
o forwar ma
eral b ral a  he  o u er  
ru
o  whh  1c   c cc
  c . Vh    c c#&((Ýcc $cc ccccc  or
ha

he Br
h ha c

 cc cc  . ›pplable YLC Draf
ar
le² ›r
. 4c


c cc  c9 c 
¬

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)28+%@3 › mob klle
hree US a
o al a  ¯exa pole  a

emp

o quell
he mob u er
he ¯aor   
ru
o  le
o
he ope fr g upo
he houe & more kll g. %    Y
8 + Y   Y +Y Y   #1 $c c  ccc$ccc  whe
her g) ou
e
he ope of
her au
hor
; or 2) o e  a prva
e apa
. Clearl 
 o

e e b
he rule
o a
ha
cc$ of a  $ c$ c cc $cc ccc

a mpoe repo bl
 o a gover me
u er 
er a
o al law beaue uh wro gful a
mu
be o ere
o be ͞ou
e
he ope of h ompe
e . Yf
h were
he mea  g 
e e b
he rule
he o wro gful a
omm

e b a offal oul ever be o ere a a
 for whh
he gover me
oul be hel lable. Vhe oler par
pa
o 
he murer a o
be o ere a a
 
her prva
e apa
 whe 
 lear
ha
a

he
me of
he ommo of
hee a

he eb were o u
 u er
he mmea
e upervo a  
he pree e of a omma  g offer. Ý   Y  Y²c
o 1$ cc  $cc$ccc ccc . ›pplable YLC Draf
ar
le² ›r
. 4 & 7 c

F 2
 5  +83

Page 2
of g *

Vhee are bu
expreo  of a ha ge of a
o al wll. c c c  cccc$$cc c c c c c  c c $. Vhe a
o  repo ble for
he oblga
o  of a ueful revolu
o from 
 beg  g beaue 
repree
e   a ha g g a
o al wll r
all g 
he f all ueful reul
Œue emo 
ra
e
ha
from
he beg  g 
wa reg
er g
he a
o al wll. Vhe rul g 
h ae ha bee ofe  YLC Draf
›r
. g0.

 28+%@3 US lam amage for #1 $@c cc1$ cc  $c c $ cc ccc'  $. 0    Y Y  +Y Y   Vhe propre
ar of gover me
al a
 houl be pu

o
he
e
of 
er a
o al 
a ar a 
ha

he
rea
me
of a ale   orer
o o 

u
e a 
er a
o al el que  houl  ccc
o c  
o  c$cc or
o a  $ $cc  c$  o far hor
of 
er a
o al 
a ar
ha
ever reao able a  mpar
al ma woul real reog e 
  uffe . Whe
her
he  uffe  proee from efe
exeu
o of a 
ellge
law O„ from
he fa

ha

he law of
he ou
r o o
empower
he au
hor
e
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he US ml
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he Spa h-US War of g898; Defe e² oler o hore leave.

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e 
ha

her c c cc c $chave bee u lawfull
ake b
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arre

from omple
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hargeable
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he
me whe
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ook plae. Vhe a
ure of
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ua
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ue a  law or eree aor g
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or Shah Gol exprel wa a
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›pplable YLC Draf
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or 
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a
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ook effe
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orga a
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7
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Page 3) of g *

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her US our
 oul o er
he val
 of a
 of a foreg 
a
e allege
o be  vola
o of 
er a
o al law.c > Dploma
 mmu 
e ʹ WYVú „EG›„D VO pol
al rela
o  of 
a
e; ofa
o of
he law 
he Me a Co ve
o o Dploma
 „ela
o  (g96g). Dploma
 rela
o  are purel b mu
ual o e
. Before
he hea of mo  e

o
he reev g 
a
e („S) a 
YY mu
fr
be ob
a e. „S  u er o oblga
o
o gve reao  for refu g a 
YY (›r
. 4). c c c

> Co ul a  o ular mmu 
e - Co ul a

e 
o am 
ra
ve a  eo om ue uh a
he ua e of va; Me a Co ve
o o Co ular „ela
o  (g967). Vhe hea of a o ular po
 am

e
o
he exere of h fu 
o  b a au
hora
o from
he „S
erme a YY.  . Vhere  o prerbe form. „S ma a
a 
me o
f
he e  g 
a
e (SS)
ha

he o ular offer  Y 
  or
ha
a  o
her member of
he o ular 
aff  o
aep
able. SS hall e
her reall or
erm a
e h fu 
o  w
h
he o ular po
. '/c2cc$ c '/c)J,c g,c c.c c$cc$c ,c$ cc

ccc../c '/c c cc  c '/c 2c cc$

 $ c '/c 3c$

 $ cc$$c c ccc c c '/cgcc    cc$c $c '/c)c  $ cc,c cc$ c '/c c

 c c  $ c '/cc   cc c $c '/c2c cc  cc

  c

4 c cc%   $c ccc c c c $ c

%Y -#' Yc"' Y- .c '/c c g.repree
 g e  g S
a
e (SS)  reev g S
a
e („S); 2. pro
e
 g  „S
he 
ere
 of
he SS & 
 a
o al 3. ego
a
 g w
h „S Gover me
 4. aer
a  g b all lawful mea  o 
o  & ev
  „S & repor
 g
o
he Gov
of
he SS; (úL„² epo age; allowe f o
mae avalable elewhere) 5. promo
 g fre l rela
o  be
wee
he SS &
he „S & evelop g
her eo om ul
ural & e
f rela
o . 2. ?o
h g here hall be o 
rue a preve
 g
he performa e of o ular fu 
o  b a ploma
 mo .

- .&'c"' Y- .c '/c2c (a) pro
e
 g 
ere
 of SS 
 a
o al bo
h  vual & boe orpora
e (b) fur
her g ev
of ommeral eo om ul
ural & e
f rela
o  & promo
 g fre l rela
o  be
wee SS & „S () aer
a  g b all lawful mea  o 
o  & ev
  „S ommeral eo om ul
ural & e
f lfe repor
 g
o SS & gv g  fo
o pero  
ere
e; () u g papor
 &
ravel oume

o SS a
o al & va or oume

o pero  wh g
o
ravel
o SS; (e) help g & a
 g a
o al of SS; (f) a
 g a o
ar vl reg
rar  mlar apa
e & perform g er
a fu 
o  of a am 
ra
ve a
ure o
o
rar
o „S law (g) afeguar g 
ere
 of SS a
o al  ueo    „S per law of „S (h) afeguar g per „S law 
ere
 of m or & pero  lak g full apa
 who are a
o al of SS () per „S proeure repree
 g or arra g g repree
a
o for SS a
o al before „S
rbu al & au
hor
e
o ge
provo al meaure for preerva
o of rgh
 & 
ere
 of abe
a
o al (j)
ra m

 g jual & ex
rajual oume
 or exeu
 g le

er roga
or or ommo 
o
ake eve e for SS our
 (k) exer g rgh
 of upervo &  pe
o per law of SS  repe
of SS veel & arraf
& rew (l) ex
e  g a
a e
o veel & arraf
 (k) &
o
her rew
ak g 
a
eme
 regar g
he voage exam  g & 
amp g
he hp' paper & w
hou
prejue
o
he power of „S au
hor
e o u
 g  ve
ga
o  
o a   e
 ur g
he voage & e

l g pu
e of a  k  be
wee
he ma
er offer & eame per SS law (m) perform g fu 
o  e
ru
e
o a o ular po
b SS o
prohb
e b „S law or o
obje
e
o b „S 
he agreeme



c cc  c9 c 
¬ cc >c

$$c cc>c

# c c

 c c

    

¬

¬

'/cgc g. úea of mo are ve 
o 3 lae² g. ambaaor or u o are
e
o úea of S
a
e & o
her hea of mo of equvale
ra k; 2. e vo m 
er & 
er u o are
e
o úea of S
a
e; 3. harge 'affare are
e
o ¯ 
er for Foreg ›ffar. 2. Exep
a o er  preee e & e
que

e
here hall be o ffere
a
o be
wee hea of mo b reao of
her la. '/cg3c g. úea of mo hall
ake preee e 
her repe
ve lae 
he orer of
he a
e a 
me of
ak g up
her fu 
o   aora e w
h ›r
le g3. 2. ›l
era
o  
he ree
al of a hea of mo o
 volv g a  ha ge of la hall o
affe
h preee e. 3. Vh ar
le  w
hou
prejue
o a  pra
e aep
e b
he „S regar g
he preee e of
he repree
a
ve of
he úol See.

'/c2c g. SS ma af
er 
ha gve ue o
fa
o
o „S o er e are
a hea of mo or ag a  member of
he ploma
 
aff
o more
ha g S
a
e u le
here  expre obje
o b a  of
he „S. 2. Yf SS are
 a hea of mo
o g or more o
her S
a
e 
ma e
ablh a ploma
 mo heae b a harge 'affare a 
erm  eah S
a
e where
he hea of mo ha o
h perma e
ea
. 3. › hea of mo or a  member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he mo ma a
a repree
a
ve of
he SS
o a  YO. c '/c3c Vwo or more S
a
e ma are

he ame pero a hea of mo
o a o
her S
a
e u le obje
o  offere b
he „S. '/cg+c g. Yf
he po
of hea of
he mo  vaa
 or f
he hea of
he mo  u able
o perform h fu 
o  a harge 'affare a 
erm hall a
provo all a hea of
he mo . Vhe ame of
he harge 'affare a 
erm hall be o
fe e
her b
he hea of
he mo or  ae he  u able
o o o b
he ¯ 
r for Foreg ›ffar of
he SS
o
he ¯ 
r for Foreg ›ffar of
he „S or uh o
her m 
r a ma be agree. 2. Y ae where o member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he mo  pree

he reev g S
a
e a member of
he am 
ra
ve a 
eh al 
aff ma w
h
he o e
of
he „S be eg a
e b
he SS
o be  harge of
he urre
am 
ra
ve affar of
he mo .

'/c+c g. „S ma a
a 
me & w
hou
hav g
o expla 
 eo  o
f SS
ha

he hea of
he mo or a  member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he mo  Y 

Page 32 of g * '/c+c g. úea of o ular po
 are ve 
o 4 lae² (a) o ul-ge eral; (b) o ul; () ve-o ul; () o ular age
. 2. Par. g of
h ›r
.  o wa re
r

he rgh
of a  of
he Co
ra
 g Par
e
o fx
he eg a
o of o ular offer o
her
ha
he hea of o ular po
.

'/cg3c g. úea of o ular po
 hall ra k  eah la aor g
o
he a
e of
he gra
of
he exequa
ur. 2. Yf
he hea before ob
a  g
he exequa
ur  am

e
o
he exere of h fu 
o  provo all h preee e hall be e
erm e aor g
o
he a
e of
he provo al amo ;
h preee e hall be ma
a e af
er
he gra
 g of
he exequa
ur. 3. Orer of preee e a be
wee 2 or more hea who ob
a e
he exequa
ur or provo al amo o
he ame a
e hall be e
erm e per
he a
e o whh
her ommo  or mlar  
rume
 or
he o
fa
o  referre
o  par. 3 of ›r
. gg were pree
e
o „S. 4. ›
 g hea of po
 hall ra k af
er all hea & a be
wee
hemelve ra k aor g
o
he a
e
he aume fu 
o  a a
 g hea per 
he o
fa
o  gve u er par. 2 of ›r
. g5. 5. úo orar o ular offer who are hea hall ra k  eah la af
er areer hea 
he orer & per rule la ow 
he forego g paragraph. 6. úea hall have preee e over o ular offer o
hav g
ha

a
u. '/cg
c Vwo or more S
a
e ma w
h
he o e
of „S appo

he ame pero a a o ular offer 
ha
S
a
e.

'/cg2c g. Yf
he hea of a o ular po
 u able
o arr ou
h fu 
o  or
he po
o of hea of o ular po
 vaa
 a a
 g hea of po
ma a
provo all a hea of
he o ular po
. 2. Vhe full ame of
he a
 g hea of po
hall be o
fe e
her b
he ploma
 mo of
he SS or f
ha
S
a
e ha o uh mo 
he „S b
he hea of
he o ular po
 or f he  u able
o o o b a  ompe
e
au
hor
 of
he SS
o
he ¯ 
r for Foreg ›ffar of
he „S or
o
he au
hor
 eg a
e b
ha
¯ 
r. › a ge eral rule
h o
fa
o hall be gve  ava e. „S ma make
he amo a a
 g hea of po
of a pero who  e
her a ploma
 age
or a o ular offer of
he SS 
he „S o 
o al o 
 o e
. 3. Vhe ompe
e
au
hor
e of
he „S hall affor a
a e a  pro
e
o
o
he a
 g hea of po
. Whle he   harge of
he po

he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o hm o
he ame ba a
o
he hea of
he o ular po
o er e. „S hall o
 however be oblge
o gra

o a a
 g hea of po
a  fal
 prvlege or mmu 
 whh
he hea of
he o ular po
e jo o l ubje

o o 
o  o
fulflle b
he a
 g hea of po
. 4. Whe  
he rum
a e referre
o  paragraph g of
h ›r
le a member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he ploma
 mo of
he SS 
he „S  eg a
e b
he SS a a a
 g hea of po
 he hall f
he „S oe o
obje

here
o o
 ue
o e jo ploma
 prvlege a  mmu 
e. '/c) c g. „S ma a
a 
me o
f SS
ha
a o ular offer  Y 
  or
ha
a  o
her member of
he o ular 
aff  o
aep
able. SS hall e
her reall
he pero or
erm a
e h fu 
o  w
h
he o ular po
.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬


  or
ha
a  o
her member of
he 
aff of
he mo  o
aep
able. SS hall e
her reall
he pero or
erm a
e h fu 
o  w
h
he mo . › pero ma be elare 
  or o
aep
able before arrv g  „S
err
or. 2. Yf SS refue or fal w
h a reao able pero
o arr ou

 oblga
o  u er par. g „S ma refue
o reog e
he pero a a member of
he mo .

"1  c  c cDc $ c

'/c 3c g. „S hall perm
e
r of & gra
exemp
o from all u
om u
e
axe a  rela
e harge o
her
ha harge for 
orage ar
age a  mlar erve o ² g. ar
le for
he offal ue of
he mo ; 2. ar
le for
he pero al ue of a ploma
 age
or member of h faml form g par
of h houehol  lu g ar
le 
e e for h e
ablhme
. 2. Vhe pero al baggage of a ploma
 age
hall be exemp
from  pe
o  u le
here are erou grou  for preum g
ha

o
a  ar
le o
overe b
he exemp
o  me
o e  paragraph g of
h ›r
le or ar
le
he mpor
or expor
of whh  prohb
e b
he law or o
rolle b
he quara
 e regula
o  of
he „S. Suh  pe
o hall be o u
e o l 
he pree e of
he ploma
 age
or of h au
hore repree
a
ve.

1c 1  c

'/c c › ploma
 age
hall be exemp
from all ue &
axe pero al or real a
o al rego al or mu pal exep
² g.  re

axe of a k  whh are ormall  orpora
e 
he pre of goo or erve; 2. ue &
axe o prva
e mmovable proper
  „S
err
or u le he hol 
o behalf of
he SS for
he purpoe of
he mo ; 3. e
a
e ueo or  her
a e u
e leve b
he „S ubje

o par. 4 of ›r
le 39; 4. ue &
axe o prva
e  ome hav g 
 oure 
he „S & ap
al
axe o  ve
me
 mae  ommeral u er
ak g 
he „S; 5. harge leve for pef erve re ere; 6. reg
ra
o  our
or reor fee mor
gage ue a  
amp u
 WYVú „EG›„D VO mmovable proper
 ubje

o
he provo  of ›r
le 23. c '/c) c g. SS &
he hea of
he mo hall be exemp
from all a
o al rego al or mu pal ue &
axe  repe
of
he preme of
he mo  whe
her ow e or leae o
her
ha uh a repree
pame
for pef erve re ere. 2. Vh exemp
o hall o
appl
o uh ue &
axe paable u er „S law b pero  o
ra
 g w
h SS or
he hea of
he mo . '/c)*c Vhe mo a  
 hea hall have
he rgh

o ue
he flag a  emblem of
he e  g S
a
e o
he preme of
he mo   lu g
he ree e of
he hea of
he mo  a  o h mea  of
ra por
.

&cc..@cc Dc  c

Y   c c c

'/c))c g. Preme of
he mo hall be  volable. Vhe age
 of
he „S ma o
e
er
hem exep
w
h
he o e
of
he hea of
he mo . 2. „S  u er a peal u

o
ake all appropra
e 
ep
o pro
e

he preme of
he mo aga 
a  
ruo or amage a 
o preve
a  
urba e of
he peae of
he

Page 33 of g * 2. Yf SS refue or fal w
h a reao able
me
o arr ou

 oblga
o  u er par. „S ma e
her w
hraw
he exequa
ur from
he pero or eae
o o er hm a a member of
he o ular 
aff. 3. › pero appo
e a a member of a o ular po
ma be elare u aep
able before arrv g 
he
err
or of „S or f alrea  „S before e
er g o h u
e w
h
he o ular po
. SS hall w
hraw h appo
me
. 4. Y ae  par. g & 3 of
h ›r
le „S  o
oblge
o gve
o SS reao  for 
 eo . '/c2*c g. „S hall perm
e
r of & gra
exemp
o from all u
om u
e
axe & rela
e harge o
her
ha harge for 
orage ar
age & mlar erve o ² (a) ar
le for
he offal ue of
he o ular po
; (b) ar
le for
he pero al ue of a o ular offer or member of h faml form g par
of h houehol  lu g ar
le 
e e for h e
ablhme
. Vhe ar
le 
e e for o ump
o hall o
exee
he qua

e eear for re
u
la
o b
he pero  o er e. 2. Co ular emploee hall e jo
he prvlege & exemp
o  pefe  paragraph g of
h ›r
le  repe
of ar
le mpor
e a

he
me of fr
 
alla
o . 3. Pero al baggage aompa  g o ular offer & member of
her famle form g par
of
her houehol hall be exemp
from  pe
o . Y
ma be  pe
e o l f
here  erou reao
o beleve
ha

o
a  ar
le o
her
ha
hoe referre
o  ub-paragraph (b) of paragraph g of
h ›r
le or ar
le
he mpor
or expor
of whh  prohb
e b
he law a  regula
o  of
he „S or whh are ubje

o 
 quara
 e law a  regula
o . Suh  pe
o hall be arre ou

he pree e of
he o ular offer or member of h faml o er e. '/c+c g. Co ular offer a  o ular emploee a  member of
her famle form g par
of
her houehol hall be exemp
from all ue a 
axe pero al or real a
o al rego al or mu pal exep
² (a)  re

axe of a k  whh are ormall  orpora
e 
he pre of goo or erve; (b) ue or
axe o prva
e mmovable proper
 
ua
e 
he
err
or of „S ubje

o
he provo  of ›r
le 32; () e
a
e ueo or  her
a e u
e a  u
e o
ra fer leve b
he „S ubje

o
he provo  of paragraph (b) of ›r
le 5g; () ue a 
axe o prva
e  ome  lu g ap
al ga  hav g 
 oure 
he „S a  ap
al
axe rela
 g
o  ve
me
 mae  ommeral or f a al u er
ak g „S; (e) harge leve for pef erve re ere; (f) reg
ra
o  our
or reor fee mor
gage ue a  
amp u
e ubje

o
he provo  of ›r
le 32. 2. ¯ember of
he erve 
aff hall be exemp
from ue a 
axe o
he wage whh
he reeve for
her erve. 3. ¯ember of
he o ular po
who emplo pero  whoe wage or alare are o
exemp
from  ome
ax 
he „S hall oberve
he oblga
o  whh
he law a  regula
o  of
ha
S
a
e mpoe upo emploer o er  g
he lev g of  ome
ax.

' $c)+c g. Vhe SS hall have
he rgh

o
he ue of 
 a
o al flag & oa
-of-arm 
he „S per provo  of
h ›r
le. 2. Vhe a
o al flag of
he SS ma be flow & 
 oa
-of-arm plae o
he bul g oupe b
he o ular po
& a

he e
ra e oor
hereof o
he ree e of
he hea of
he o ular po
& o h mea  of
ra por
whe ue o offal bu e. 3. Y
he exere of
h rgh
 regar hall be ha
o
he law regula
o  a  uage of
he „S. '/c gc g. Co ular preme hall be  volable
o ex
e
here prove. 2. „S au
hor
e hall o
e
er
ha
par
of
he o ular preme whh  ue exluvel for
he purpoe of
he work of
he o ular po
exep
w
h
he o e
of
he hea of
he o ular po
or of h eg ee or of
he hea of
he ploma
 mo . Suh o e
ma be aume  ae of fre or o
her a
er requr g promp
pro
e
ve a
o .


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

mo or mparme
of 
 g 
. 3. Preme of
he mo  fur h g & o
her proper

hereo &
he mea  of
ra por
of
he mo hall be mmu e from earh requ
o  a

ahme
or exeu
o .

"cc $ c

1c 1  cc cDc $c Y   c c A $c

'/c *c g. Prva
e ree e of a ploma
 age
hall e jo
he ame  volabl
 & pro
e
o a
he preme of
he mo . 2. ú paper orrepo e e & exep
a  par. 3 of ›r
. 3g proper
 hall alo e jo  volabl
.c '/c c Vhe fu 
o of a ploma
 age
ome
o a e   Y  +² g. o o
fa
o b SS
o „S
ha

he fu 
o of
he ploma
 age
ha ome
o a e ; 2. o o
fa
o b „S
o SS
ha
  aora e w
h par. 2 of ›r
le 9 
refue
o reog e
he ploma
 age
a a member of
he mo .c '/c)
c Vhe fee a  harge leve b
he mo 
he oure of 
 offal u
e hall be exemp
from all ue a 
axe. c

'/c)+c Vhe pero of a ploma
 age
hall be  volable. úe hall o
be lable
o a  form of arre
or e
e
o . Vhe reev g S
a
e hall
rea
hm w
h ue repe
a  hall
ake all appropra
e 
ep
o preve
a  a

ak o h pero  freeom or g 
. c

Y

 c  c   $ Ec 1$ c

'/c gc g. › ploma
 age
hall e jo mmu 
 from
he rm al jur
o of „S. úe hall alo e jo mmu 
 from 
 vl a  am 
ra
ve jur
o  exep

he ae of² g. a real a
o rela
 g
o prva
e mmovable proper
 
ua
e  „S
err
or u le he hol 
o behalf of SS for purpoe of
he mo ; 2. a a
o rela
 g
o ueo  whh
he ploma
 age
  volve a exeu
or am 
ra
or her or lega
ee a a prva
e pero & o
o behalf of SS; 3. a a
o rela
 g
o a  profeo al or ommeral a
v
 exere b
he ploma
 age
 „S ou
e h offal fu 
o . 2. › ploma
 age
 o
oblge
o gve eve e a a w
e. 3. ?o meaure of exeu
o ma be
ake  repe
of a ploma
 age
exep

he ae u er here ub-par. (a) (b) & () of par. g & prove
ha
uh meaure a be
ake w
hou
 fr g g
he  volabl
 of h pero or ree e.

Page 3J of g * 3. Subje

o par 2 of
h ›r
le „S  u er a peal u

o
ake all appropra
e 
ep
o pro
e

he o ular preme aga 
a  
ruo or amage a 
o preve
a  
urba e of
he peae of
he o ular po
or mparme
of 
 g 
. 4. Co ular preme fur h g proper
 of
he o ular po
& 
 mea  of
ra por
hall be mmu e from a  form of requ
o for purpoe of a
o al efe e or publ u
l
. Yf expropra
o  eear for uh purpoe all poble 
ep hall be
ake
o avo mpe g performa e of o ular fu 
o  & promp
 aequa
e & effe
ve ompe a
o hall be pa
o
he SS. '/c)2c Vhe fu 
o  of a member of a o ular po
hall ome
o a e   Y +² (a) o o
fa
o b SS
o „S
ha
h fu 
o  have ome
o a e ; (b) o w
hrawal of
he exequa
ur; () o o
fa
o b „S
o SS
ha

he „S ha eae
o o er hm a a member of
he o ular 
aff.

'/c +c g. Vhe o ular po
ma lev  „S
err
or
he fee & harge prove b SS law for o ular a
. 2. Vhe um olle
e 
he form of
he fee & harge  par. g of
h ›r
le &
he reep
 for uh fee & harge hall be exemp
from all ue &
axe 
he „S. '/c*c „S hall
rea
o ular offer w
h ue repe
& hall
ake all appropra
e 
ep
o preve
a  a

ak o
her pero  freeom or g 
. '/cgc g. Co ular offer hall o
be lable
o arre
or e
e
o pe  g
ral exep

he ae of a grave rme a  purua

o a eo b
he ompe
e
jual au
hor
. 2. Exep

he ae pefe  par. g of
h ›r
le o ular offer hall o
be omm

e
o pro or lable
o a  o
her form of re
r
o o
her pero al freeom ave  exeu
o of a jual eo of f al effe
. 3. Yf rm al proee g are  

u
e aga 
a o ular offer he mu
appear before
he ompe
e
au
hor
e. ?ever
hele
he proee g hall be o u
e w
h
he repe
ue
o hm b reao of h offal po
o & exep

he ae pefe  par. g of
h ›r
le  a ma er whh wll hamper
he exere of o ular fu 
o  a l

le a poble. Whe  
he rum
a e  par. g of
h ›r
le 
ha beome eear
o e
a a o ular offer
he proee g aga 
hm hall be  

u
e w
h
he m mum of ela. '/c)c Y
he eve
of
he arre
or e
e
o  pe  g
ral of a member of
he o ular 
aff or of rm al proee g be g  

u
e aga 
hm „S hall promp
l o
f
he hea of
he o ular po
. Shoul
he la

er be hmelf
he obje
of uh meaure „S hall o
f SS
hrough
he ploma
 ha el. '/c c g. Co ular offer & o ular emploee hall o
be ame able
o
he jur
o of
he jual or am 
ra
ve au
hor
e of „S  repe
of a
 performe 
he exere of o ular fu 
o . 2. Vhe provo  of par. g of
h ›r
le hall o
 however appl  repe
of a vl a
o e
her² (a) ar g ou
of a o
ra
o lue b a o ular offer or a o ular emploee  whh he  o
o
ra
exprel or mplel a a age
of
he e  g S
a
e; or (b) b a
hr par
 for amage ar g from a ae
 „S aue b a vehle veel or arraf
.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

( cc

 c

.cDccc

  cDc   c

$cc .cc

c c

¬

¬

4. Suh mmu 
 from „S jur
o oe o
exemp
hm from SS jur
o .c '/c )c g. Vhe mmu 
 from jur
o of ploma
 age
 & of pero  e jo g mmu 
 u er ›r
le 37 ma be wave b SS. 2. Waver mu
alwa be expre. 3. Y 
a
o of proee g b a ploma
 age
or b a pero e jo g mmu 
 from jur
o u er ›r
le 37 hall prelue hm from  vok g mmu 
 from jur
o  repe
of a  ou
er-lam re
l o e
e w
h
he pr pal lam. 4. Waver of mmu 
 from jur
o  repe
of vl or am 
ra
ve proee g hall o
be hel
o mpl waver of mmu 
  repe
of
he exeu
o of
he jugme
 for whh a epara
e waver hall be eear.c '/c +c g. Ever pero e

le
o prvlege & mmu 
e hall e jo
hem from
he mome
he e
er „S
err
or o proee g
o
ake up h po
or f alrea  

err
or from
he mome
whe h appo
me
 o
fe
o
he ¯ 
r for Foreg ›ffar or uh o
her m 
r a ma be agree. 2. Whe
he fu 
o  of a pero e jo g prvlege & mmu 
e have ome
o a e  uh prvlege & mmu 
e hall ormall eae a

he mome
whe he leave
he ou
r or o expr of a reao able pero  whh
o o o bu
hall ub
u
l
ha

me eve  ae of arme o fl
. Bu
 WYVú „EG›„D VO a
 performe b uh a pero 
he exere of h fu 
o  a a member of
he mo  mmu 
 hall o
 ue
o ub
. 3. Y ae of
he ea
h of a member of
he mo 
he member of h faml hall o
 ue
o e jo
he prvlege & mmu 
e
o whh
he are e

le u
l
he expr of a reao able pero  whh
o leave
he ou
r. 4. Y
he eve
of
he ea
h of a member of
he mo o
a a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 „S or a member of h faml form g par
of h houehol „S hall perm

he w
hrawal of
he movable proper
 of
he eeae exep
a  proper
 aqure 
he ou
r
he expor
of whh wa prohb
e a

he
me of h ea
h. E
a
e ueo &  her
a e u
e hall o
be leve o movable proper

he pree e of whh  „S wa ue olel
o
he pree e
here of
he eeae a a member of
he mo or a a member of
he faml of a member of
he mo .c '/cgc g. W
hou
prejue
o
her prvlege & mmu 
e 

he u
 of all pero  e jo g uh prvlege & mmu 
e
o repe
„S law. Vhe have a u
 o

o 
erfere 
he 
er al affar of
ha
S
a
e. 2. ›ll offal bu e w
h „S e
ru
e
o
he mo b SS hall be o u
e w
h or
hrough
he ¯ 
r for Foreg ›ffar of „S or uh o
her m 
r a ma be agree. 3. Preme of
he mo mu
o
be ue  a  ma er  ompa
ble w
h fu 
o  of
he mo per
he Co ve
o  rule of ge eral YL or peal agreeme
 be
wee
he SS & „S.c '/c)c › ploma
 age
hall o
 „S pra
e for pero al prof
a  profeo al or ommeral a
v
. c

' c $ $c

'/cc „S mu
 eve  ae of arme o fl
 gra
fal
e  orer
o e able pero  e jo g prvlege & mmu 
e o
her
ha „S a
o al & member of
he famle of uh

Page 3
of g *

'/c2c g. SS ma wave WYVú „EG›„D VO a member of
he o ular po
 a  of
he prvlege & mmu 
e prove for  ›r
. 4g 43 & 44. 2. Vhe waver hall  all ae be expre exep
a  par. 3 of
h ›r
le & hall be ommu a
e
o „S  wr
 g. 3. Vhe  
a
o of proee g b a o ular offer or a o ular emploee  a ma

er where he mgh
e jo mmu 
 from jur
o u er ›r
le 43 hall prelue hm from  vok g mmu 
 from jur
o  repe
of a  ou
er-lam re
l o e
e w
h
he pr pal lam. 4. Vhe waver of mmu 
 from jur
o for
he purpoe of vl or am 
ra
ve proee g hall o
be eeme
o mpl
he waver of mmu 
 from
he meaure of exeu
o reul
 g from
he jual eo ;  repe
of uh meaure a epara
e waver hall be eear. '/c2 c g. Ever member of
he o ular po
hall e jo here prvlege & mmu 
e from
he mome
he e
er „S
err
or o proee g
o
ake up h po
or f alrea  

err
or from
he mome
whe he e
er o h u
e w
h
he o ular po
. 2. ¯ember of
he faml of a member of
he o ular po
form g par
of h houehol & member of h prva
e 
aff hall reeve
he prvlege & mmu 
e from
he a
e from whh he e jo prvlege & mmu 
e per par. g of
h ›r
le or from
he a
e of
her e
r 
o „S
err
or or from
he a
e of
her beom g a member of uh faml or prva
e 
aff whhever 
he la
e
. 3. Whe
he fu 
o  of a member of
he o ular po
have ome
o a e  h h faml  h prva
e 
aff  prvlege & hall ormall eae a

he mome
whe
he pero o er e leave „S or o
he expr of a reao able pero  whh
o o o whhever 
he oo er bu
hall ub
u
l
ha

me eve  ae of arme o fl
. Y
he ae of
he pero   par. 2 of
h ›r
le prvlege & mmu 
e hall ome
o a e  whe
he eae
o belo g
o
he houehol or
o be 
he erve of a member of
he o ular po
 prove
ha
f uh pero  
e  leav g „S w
h a reao able pero
hereaf
er
her prvlege & mmu 
e hall ub
u
l
he
me of
her epar
ure. 4. Bu
 WYVú „EG›„D VO a
 performe b a o ular offer or a o ular emploee 
he exere of h fu 
o  mmu 
 from jur
o hall o
 ue
o ub
w
hou
lm
a
o of
me. 5. Y
he eve
of
he ea
h of a member of
he o ular po

he member of h faml form g par
of h houehol hall o
 ue
o e jo
he prvlege & mmu 
e aore
o
hem u
l
he leave „S or u
l
he expr of a reao able pero e abl g
hem
o o o whhever 
he oo er. '/c22c g. W
hou
prejue
o
her prvlege & mmu 
e 

he u
 of all pero  e jo g uh prvlege & mmu 
e
o repe

he law & regula
o  of „S. Vhe alo have a u
 o

o 
erfere 
he 
er al affar of
ha
S
a
e. 2. Vhe o ular preme hall o
be ue  a  ma er  ompa
ble w
h
he exere of o ular fu 
o . 3. Par. 2 of
h ›r
le hall o
exlue
he pobl
 of offe of o
her  

u
o  or age e be g  
alle  par
of
he bul g  whh
he o ular preme are 
ua
e prove
ha

he preme ag e
o
hem are epara
e from
hoe ue b
he o ular po
. Y
ha
eve

he a offe hall o
be o ere
o form par
of
he o ular preme. '/c2Jc g. Career o ular offer hall o
arr o for pero al prof
a  profeo al or ommeral a
v
  „S. 2. Prvlege & mmu 
e hall o
be aore² (a)
o o ular emploee or
o member of
he erve 
aff who arr o a  prva
e ga ful oupa
o  „S; (b)
o member of
he faml of a pero referre
o  ub-par. (a) of
h paragraph or
o member of h prva
e 
aff; ()
o member of
he faml of a member of a o ular po
who
hemelve arr o a  prva
e ga ful oupa
o  „S. '/c)3c „S hall eve  ae of arme o fl
 gra

o member of
he o ular po
& member of
he prva
e 
aff o
her
ha „S a
o al &
o member of
her famle form g par
of
her houehol rrepe
ve of a
o al



c cc  c9 c 
¬

"cc  c

¬

¬

pero  rrepe
ve of
her a
o al

o leave a

he earle
poble mome
. Y
mu
 f eee plae a

her poal eear mea  of
ra por
for
hemelve &
her proper
. c '/c2c Yf ploma
 rela
o  are broke off be
wee 2 S
a
e or f a mo  perma e
l or
emporarl realle² g. „S mu
 eve  ae of arme o fl
 repe
& pro
e

he preme of
he mo  w
h 
 proper
 & arhve; 2. SS ma e
ru

he u
o of
he preme of
he mo  w
h 
 proper
 & arhve
o a
hr S
a
e aep
able
o „S; 3. SS ma e
ru

he pro
e
o of 
 
ere
 & of 
 a
o al
o a
hr S
a
e aep
able
o „S. c

'A $c c cc.c  Ac  c  c

c c c

'/c
c g. Exep
 ofar a a
o al prvlege & mmu 
e ma be gra
e b „S a ploma
 age
who  a a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 „S hall e jo o l mmu 
 from jur
o  &  volabl
  repe
of offal a
 performe 
he exere of h fu 
o . 2. O
her member of
he 
aff of
he mo & prva
e erva
 who are a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 „S hall e jo prvlege & mmu 
e o l
o
he ex
e
am

e b „S. úowever „S mu
exere 
 jur
o over
hoe pero  o a o

o 
erfere u ul w
h
he performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he mo .

Page 3+ of g * eear
me & fal
e
o e able
hem
o prepare
her epar
ure &
o leave a

he earle
poble mome
af
er
he
erm a
o of
he fu 
o  of
he member. Y
hall f eee plae a

her poal eear mea  of
ra por
for
hemelve &
her proper
 o
her
ha proper
 aqure  „S
he expor
of whh  prohb
e a

he
me of epar
ure. '/c)Jc g. Y
he eve
of
he evera e of o ular rela
o  be
wee 2 S
a
e² (a) „S hall eve  ae of arme o fl
 repe
& pro
e

he o ular preme
oge
her w
h
he proper
 of
he o ular po
&
he o ular arhve; (b) SS ma e
ru

he u
o of
he o ular preme w
h
he proper
 o
a e
here &
he o ular arhve
o a
hr S
a
e aep
able
o „S; () SS ma e
ru

he pro
e
o of 
 
ere
 & of 
 a
o al
o a
hr S
a
e aep
able
o „S. 2. Y
he eve
of
he
emporar or perma e
loure of a o ular po
 ub-par. (a) of here par. g hall appl. Y a
o  (a) f SS al
hough o
repree
e  „S b a ploma
 mo  ha a o
her o ular po

he
err
or of
ha
S
a
e
ha
o ular po
ma be e
ru
e w
h
he u
o of
he preme of
he o ular po
whh ha bee loe w
h
he proper
 o
a e
here &
he o ular arhve & w
h
he o e
of „S w
h
he exere of o ular fu 
o  
he 
r
of
ha
o ular po
; or (b) f SS ha o ploma
 mo & o o
her o ular po
 „S ub-par (b) & () of par. g of
h ›r
le hall appl. '/cJgc g. Exep
 o far a a
o al fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e ma be gra
e b „S o ular offer who are a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 „S hall e jo o l mmu 
 from jur
o & pero al  volabl
  repe
of offal a
 performe 
he exere of
her fu 
o  &
he prvlege  par. 3 of ›r
le 44. So far a
hee o ular offer are o er e „S hall alo be bou  b
he oblga
o la ow  ›r
le 42. Yf rm al proee g are  

u
e aga 
uh a o ular offer
he proee g hall exep
whe he  u er arre
or e
e
o  be o u
e  a ma er whh wll hamper
he exere of o ular fu 
o  a l

le a poble. 2. O
her member of
he o ular po
who are a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 „S & member of
her famle & member of
he famle of o ular offer  par. g of
h ›r
le hall e jo fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e o l  o far a
hee are gra
e
o
hem b „S. Vhoe member of
he famle of member of
he o ular po
&
hoe member of
he prva
e 
aff who are
hemelve a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 „S hall lkewe e jo fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e o l  o far a
hee are gra
e
o
hem b „S. „S hall exere 
 jur
o over
hoe pero   uh a wa a o

o h er u ul
he performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he o ular po
.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬



  cFc%   $c Ecc c c ' $cgc%   c "  cc c$c ͞›r
. 2. Vhe e
ablhme
of ploma
 rela
o  be
wee S
a
e & of perma e
ploma
 mo 
ake plae b mu
ual o e
. ͞›r
. 4. g. › o ular po
ma be e
ablhe 
he
err
or of
he „S o l w
h
ha
S
a
e' o e
. 2. Vhe ea
of
he o ular po
 
 lafa
o a 
he o ular 
r
hall be e
ablhe b
he SS a  hall be ubje

o
he approval of
he „S. 3. Subeque
ha ge 
he ea
of
he o ular po
 
 lafa
o or
he o ular 
r
ma be mae b
he SS o l w
h
he o e
of
he „S. 4. Vhe o e
of
he „S hall alo be requre f a o ula
e-ge eral or a o ula
e ere
o ope a ve-o ula
e or a o ular age   a loal
 o
her
ha
ha
 whh 
 
elf e
ablhe. 5. Vhe pror expre o e
of
he „S hall alo be requre for
he ope  g of a offe form g par
of a ex
 g o ular po
elewhere
ha a

he ea

hereof. c . ?cc#  ; Co ular S
aff² D„ - ›r
. gg; C„ - ›r
. 20² ubje

o agreeme
 „S ma requre
ha

he e of a mo be kep
w
h lm
 o ere b 

o be reao able & ormal hav g regar
o rum
a e & o 
o   „S &
o
he ee of
he par
ular mo  & „S ma equall w
h mlar bou  & o a o rm a
or ba refue
o aep
offal of a par
ular a
egor.   cc  cof ploma
 
aff of mo (›r
. 8); of o ular offer (›r
. 22)² houl  pr ple be of
he a
o al
 of SS. Vhe ma o
be appo
e from amo g pero  hav g
he a
o al
 of „S exep
w
h
he o e
of
ha
S
a
e whh ma be w
hraw a
a 
me. „S ma reerve
he ame rgh
WYVú „EG›„D VO a
o al of a
hr S
a
e who are o
alo a
o al of SS. "   of mo (›r
. g2); or o ular po
(›r
. 6)² mu
be w
h o e
of
he „S (whh ma allow o ular offer
o exere fu 
o  ou
e h po
).   $  a
o member of mo  faml of a member of mo  prva
e erva
 (›r
. g0); a
o member of o ular po
 faml member form g par
of h houehol prva
e 
aff (›r
. 24. ga-] & 2)² ͞g. „S ¯ 
r for Foreg ›ffar or o
her m 
r a ma be agree hall be o
fe of² g. appo
me
of _________ arrval & f al epar
ure or
erm a
o of fu 
o  w
h
he mo ; 2. arrval & f al epar
ure of a pero belo g g
o
he __________ & where appropra
e fa

ha
a pero beome or eae
o be a member of
he faml of a member of
he mo ; 3. arrval & f al epar
ure of ________ of pero   par. (a) of
h paragraph & where appropra
e fa

ha

he are leav g uh emplo; 4. e gageme
& harge of pero  ree
 „S a member ______ or prva
e erva
 
aff] e

le
o prvlege & mmu 
e. 2. Where poble pror o
fa
o of arrval & f al epar
ure hall alo be gve . ' $A$$

 c c c$    of
he mo (›r
. 2g); of
he o ular po
(›r
. 30)² „S hall e
her fal
a
e

Page J* of g *

aqu
o o 

err
or b SS of preme eear for _____ or a

he la

er  ob
a  g ome o
her aommoa
o   lu g
hoe for 
 member. Y   cc$ cDc$  of mo (›r
. 24); o ular po
(›r
. 33)² a
a 
me wherever
he are c$   ͙of
he mo (›r
. 25); o ular po
(›r
. 28)² „S hall aor full fal
e for
he performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he _________.  cc  cc   of
he mo (›r
. 26); o ular po
(›r
. 34)² ͞Subje

o 
 law a  regula
o  o er  g o e e
r 
o whh  prohb
e or regula
e for reao  of a
o al eur

he „S hall e ure freeom of moveme
&
ravel  

err
or
o all member of
he ______.  cc$

 $  of
he͙mo (›r
. 27); o ular po
(›r
. 35)² ͞g. „S hall perm
& pro
e
freeom of ommu a
o o
he par
of
he mo o ular po
] for all offal purpoe. Y ommu a
 g w
h
he Gover me

he ploma
 mo  & o
her o ula
e o ular po
] wherever 
ua
e of
he e  g S
a
e
he mo o ular po
] ma emplo all appropra
e mea   lu g ploma
 or o ular ourer] ploma
 or o ular bag] a  meage  oe or pher. úowever
he mo o ular po
] ma  
all & ue a wrele
ra m

er o l w
h
he o e
of „S. 2. Vhe offal orrepo e e of
he mo o ular po
] hall be  volable. Offal orrepo e e mea  all orrepo e e rela
 g
o
he mo o ular po
] a  
 fu 
o . 3. Vhe ploma
 o ular] bag hall be e
her ope e or e
a e. ?ever
hele f
he ompe
e
au
hor
e of „S have erou reao
o beleve
ha

he bag o
a  ome
h g o
her
ha
he orrepo e e oume
 or ar
le referre
o  par. 4 of
h ›r
le
he ma reque

ha

he bag be ope e 
her pree e b a au
hore repree
a
ve of SS. Yf
h reque
 refue b
he au
hor
e of SS
he bag hall be re
ur e
o 
 plae of org . 4. Vhe pakage o 

u
 g
he ploma
 o ular] bag hall bear vble ex
er al mark of
her hara
er & ma o
a o l offal orrepo e e & oume
 or ar
le 
e e exluvel for offal ue. 5. Vhe ploma
 o ular] ourer hall be prove w
h a offal oume
 a
 g h 
a
u &
he umber of pakage o 

u
 g
he ploma
 o ular] bag. Exep
w
h „S o e
he hall be e
her a „S a
o al or u le he  a SS a
o al a perma e
„S ree
. Y
he performa e of h fu 
o  he hall be pro
e
e b
he „S. úe hall e jo pero al  volabl
 & hall o
be lable
o a  form of arre
or e
e
o . 6. SS 
 ploma
 mo  
 o ular po
] ma eg a
e ploma
 o ular] ourer a ho. Y uh ae par. 5 of
h ›r
le hall alo appl exep

ha

he mmu 
e me
o e hall eae
o appl whe uh a ourer ha elvere
o
he o g ee
he ploma
 o ular] bag  h harge. 7. › ploma
 o ular] bag ma be e
ru
e
o
he ap
a of a hp or of a ommeral arraf
heule
o la  a
a au
hore por
of e
r. úe hall be prove w
h a offal oume
 a
 g
he umber of pakage o 

u
 g
he bag bu
he hall o
be o ere
o be a ploma
 o ular] ourer. B arra geme
w
h
he appropra
e loal au
hor
e
he ploma
 o ular] po
ma e  o e of 
 member
o
ake poeo of
he bag re
l & freel from
he ap
a of
he hp or of
he arraf
.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

.$ c$ c1   for a ploma
 age
(›r
. 33); member of
he o ular po
(›r
. 48)² ͞g. Subje

o par. 3 of
h ›r
le _______ WYVú „EG›„D VO erve re ere b
hem for
he SS & member of
her famle form g par
of
her houehol] hall be exemp
from oal eur
 provo  whh ma be  fore 
he „S. 2. Vhe exemp
o  par. g of
h ›r
le hall appl alo
o member of
he prva
e erva
 
aff] who are 
he ole emplo of a _________ o o 
o ² (a)
ha

he are o
a
o al of or perma e
l ree

he „S; & (b)
ha

he are overe b
he oal eur
 provo  whh are  fore 
he SS or a
hr S
a
e. 3. ________ who emplo pero 
o whom
he exemp
o  par. 2 of
h ›r
le oe o
appl hall oberve
he oblga
o  whh
he oal eur
 provo  of
he „S mpoe upo emploer. 4. Vhe exemp
o  par. g & 2 of
h ›r
le hall o
prelue volu
ar par
pa
o 
he oal eur
 
em of
he „S prove
ha
uh par
pa
o  perm

e b
ha
S
a
e. 5. Vhe provo  of
h ›r
le hall o
affe
bla
eral or mul
la
eral agreeme
 o er  g oal eur
 o lue prevoul & hall o
preve

he o luo of uh agreeme
 
he fu
ure. par. 5  o
 C„] "1  c c  c $ of ploma
 age
 (›r
. 35); member of
he o ular po
& member of
he famle form g par
of
her houehol (›r
. 52)² „S hall exemp
_______ from all pero al erve from all publ erve of a  k  wha
oever & from ml
ar oblga
o  uh a
hoe o e
e w
h requ
o  g ml
ar o
rbu
o  & blle
 g. Y   c cc  c. of a ploma
 age
(›r
. 40); o ular offer (›r
. 54) g. Yf a ______ pae
hrough or  
he
err
or of a
hr S
a
e whh ha gra
e hm a va f a va wa eear whle proee g
o
ake up or re
ur
o h po
or whe re
ur  g
o
he SS
he
hr S
a
e hall aor
o hm  volabl
 & all mmu 
e prove for b
he o
her ›r
le of
he pree
Co ve
o a ma be requre
o e ure h
ra 
or re
ur . Vhe ame hall appl 
he ae of a  member of h faml form g par
of h houehol] e jo g uh prvlege & mmu 
e who are aompa  g
he _______ or
ravel g epara
el
o jo hm or
o re
ur
o
he SS. 2. Y rum
a e mlar
o
hoe pefe  paragraph g of
h ›r
le
hr S
a
e hall o
h er
he
ra 

hrough
her
err
or of o
her member of
he am 
ra
ve &
eh al or erve 
aff of a mo o ular po
] or of member of
her famle form g par
of
her houehol]
hrough
her
err
ore. 3. Vhr S
a
e hall aor
o offal orrepo e e &
o o
her offal ommu a
o  
ra 
  lu g meage  oe or pher
he ame freeom a  pro
e
o a
he „S  bou 
o aor u er
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe hall aor
o ploma
 o ular] ourer who have bee gra
e a va f a va wa eear &
o o ular bag 
ra 

he ame  volabl
 & pro
e
o a
he „S  bou 
o aor u er
he pree
Co ve
o . 4. Vhe oblga
o  of
hr S
a
e u er par g 2 & 3 hall alo appl
o
he pero  me
o e repe
vel 
hoe paragraph &
o offal ommu a
o  &
o ploma
 o ular] bag whoe pree e 
he
err
or of
he
hr S
a
e  ue
o  Y#Y Y."   c$  $cc$c %   $c c 'cc g. SS mu
e ure
ha

he agréme
of „S ha bee gve for
he

Page Jg of g *

pero 
propoe
o are
a hea of
he mo
o
ha
S
a
e. 2. „S  o
oblge
o gve reao 
o
he SS for a refual of agréme
. 'cJ. Subje

o ›r
 5 8 9 & gg SS ma freel appo

he member of
he 
aff of
he mo . Y
he ae of ml
ar aval or ar a

ahe „S ma requre
her ame
o be ubm

e beforeha  for 
 approval. 'cg c g. úea of
he mo
ake up h fu 
o  
he „S e
her whe he ha pree
e h ree
al or whe he ha o
fe h arrval & a
rue op of h ree
al ha bee pree
e
o
he ¯ 
r for Foreg ›ffar of
he „S or uh m 
r a ma be agree per
he pra
e 
he „S whh hall be apple  a u form ma er. 2. Orer of pree
a
o of ree
al or of a
rue op wll be e
erm e b a
e &
me of
he arrval of
he hea. 'c Jc g. Faml member of a D› form g par
of h houehol hall f
he are o
a
o al of
he „S e jo
he prvlege & mmu 
e  ›r
 29
o 36. 2. ¯ember of
he am 
ra
ve &
eh al 
aff w
h faml member form g par
of
her houehol f o
a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 „S e jo
he prvlege & mmu 
e  ›r
 29
o 35 exep

ha
mmu 
 from vl & am 
ra
ve jur
o of
he „S  ›r
. 3g.g hall o
ex
e 
o a
 performe ou
e
he oure of
her u
e. Vhe hall alo e jo
he prvlege  ›r
36.g a
o ar
le mpor
e a

he
me of fr
 
alla
o . 3. ¯ember of
he erve 
aff who are o
a
o al of or perma e
l ree

he „S e jo mmu 
 a
o a
 performe 
he oure of
her u
e exemp
o from ue &
axe o
he emolume
 reeve ue
o
her emplome
&
he exemp
o o
a e  ›r
le 33. 4. Prva
e erva
 of member of
he mo hall f
he are o
a
o al of or perma e
l ree

he „S be exemp
from ue &
axe o
he emolume
 reeve ue
o
her emplome
. Y o
her repe

he ma e jo prvlege & mmu 
e o l
o
he ex
e
am

e b
he „S. „S mu
exere 
 jur
o over
hoe pero   uh a ma er a o

o 
erfere u ul w
h
he performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he mo . 'c3 SS ma w
h
he pror o e
of „S & a

he reque
of a
hr S
a
e o
repree
e  „S u er
ake
he
emporar pro
e
o of
he 
ere
 of
he
hr S
a
e & of 
 a
o al. c c c 'cJ SS ma af
er o
f g S
a
e o er e e
ru
a o ular po
e
ablhe  a par
ular S
a
e w
h
he exere of o ular fu 
o   a o
her S
a
e u le
here  expre obje
o b o e of
he S
a
e o er e. 'c
. Upo appropra
e o
fa
o
o „S a o ular po
of SS ma u le „S obje
 exere o ular fu 
o   „S o behalf of a
hr S
a
e. 'cg*c g. úea of o ular po
 are appo
e b SS & are am

e
o
he exere of
her fu 
o  b „S. 2. Formal
e for appo
me
& amo of
he hea of a o ular po
are e
erm e b
he law regula
o  & uage of SS & of „S repe
vel. 'cg)c g. úea of a o ular po
 am

e
o
he exere of h fu 
o  b a au
hora
o from „S
erme a exequa
ur wha
ever
he form of
h au
hora
o . 2. › S
a
e whh refue
o gra
a exequa
ur  o
oblge
o gve
o
he SS reao  for uh refual. 3. Subje

o ›r
. g3 & g5 hea of a o ular po
hall o
e
er upo h u
e u
l he ha reeve a exequa
ur.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

'cg › oo a
he hea  am

e eve provo all
o exere of h fu 
o  „S hall mmea
el o
f ompe
e
au
hor
e of
he o ular 
r
& e ure
ha
eear meaure are
ake
o e able
he hea of a o ular po

o arr ou

he u
e of h offe &
o have
he be ef
of
he Co ve
o . 'cgJc g. Y a S
a
e where SS ha o ploma
 mo &  o
repree
e b a ploma
 mo of a
hr S
a
e a o ular offer ma w
h „S o e
 & w
hou
affe
 g h o ular 
a
u be au
hore
o perform ploma
 a
. Suh performa e b a o ular offer hall o
o fer a  rgh

o lam ploma
 prvlege & mmu 
e. 2. Co ular offer ma af
er o
fa
o aree
o „S a
a repree
a
ve of SS
o a  
er-gover me
al orga a
o . úe hall be e

le
o e jo prvlege & mmu 
e aore
o uh a repree
a
ve b u
omar YL or b 
l agreeme
;  repe
of
he performa e b hm of a  o ular fu 
o  he hall o
be e

le
o a  grea
er mmu 
 from jur
o
ha
ha

o whh a o ular offer  e

le u er
he Co ve
o . 'c )c g. Co ular preme & ree e of
he areer hea of whh SS or a  pero a
 g o 
 behalf 
he ow er or leee hall be exemp
from all a
o al rego al or mu pal ue &
axe o
her
ha uh a repree
pame
for pef erve re ere. 2. Vax exemp
o  par. g hall o
appl
o uh ue &
axe f u er „S law
he are paable b
he pero who o
ra
e w
h SS or w
h
he pero a
 g o 
 behalf. ' $c 3/ (8+&) g. W
h a vew
o fal
a
 g
he exere of o ular fu 
o  rela
 g
o SS a
o al² (a) o ular offer hall be free
o ommu a
e w
h SS a
o al &
o have ae
o
hem. SS a
o al hall have
he ame freeom WYVú „EG›„D VO ommu a
o w
h & ae
o o ular offer of SS; (b) f he o reque
 ompe
e
au
hor
e of „S hall w
hou
ela  form
he o ular po
of SS f w
h 
 o ular 
r
 a SS a
o al  arre
e or omm

e
o pro or
o u
o pe  g
ral or  e
a e. ›  ommu a
o aree
o
he o ular po
b uh pero hall alo be forware b a au
hor
e w
hou
ela. Sa au
hor
e hall  form
he pero o er e w
hou
ela of h rgh
 u er
h ub-paragraph; () o ular offer hall have
he rgh

o v
a SS a
o al who   pro  u
o or e
e
o 
o o vere & orrepo  w
h hm &
o arra ge for h legal repree
a
o . Vhe hall alo have
he rgh

o v
a  SS a
o al who   pro  u
o or e
e
o  purua e of a jugme
. Co ular offer hall refra from
ak g a
o o behalf of a a
o al who   pro  u
o or e
e
o f he exprel oppoe uh a
o . 2. Vhe rgh
  par. g hall be exere  o form
 w
h „S law ubje

o
he provo
ha
a law mu
e able full effe

o be gve
o
he purpoe for whh
he rgh
 aore u er
h ›r
le are 
e e. 'c J/ Yf releva
 forma
o  avalable
o ompe
e
au
hor
e of „S uh au
hor
e hall have
he u
² (a) ea
h of a SS a
o al²  form w
hou
ela
he o ular po
 whoe 
r

he ea
h ourre; (b)  form ompe
e
o ular po
w
hou
ela of a  ae where
he appo
me
of a guara or
ru
ee appear
o be 
he 
ere
 of a m or or o
her pero lak g full apa
 who  a SS a
o al. Vhe gv g of
h  forma
o hall be w
hou
prejue
o
he opera
o of „S law o er  g uh appo
me
; () f a veel hav g
he a
o al
 of SS  wreke or ru  agrou   „S
err
oral ea or 
er al wa
er or f a arraf
reg
ere  SS uffer a ae
o „S
err
or²  form w
hou
ela
he o ular po
eare

o
he e e of
he ourre e.

Page J) of g *

'cc g. ¯ember of a o ular po
ma be alle upo
o a

e  a w
ee 
he oure of jual or am 
ra
ve proee g. › o ular emploee or a member of
he erve 
aff hall o
 exep
 par. 3 el e
o gve eve e. Yf a o ular offer houl el e
o o o o oerve meaure or pe al
 ma be apple
o hm. 2. Vhe au
hor
 requr g
he eve e of a o ular offer hall avo 
erfere e w
h
he performa e of fu 
o . Whe poble
ake uh eve e a
h ree e or a

he o ular po
or aep
a 
a
eme
from hm  wr
 g. 3. ¯ember of a o ular po
are u er o oblga
o
o gve eve e o er  g ma

er o e
e w
h
he exere of
her fu 
o  or
o proue offal orrepo e e & oume
 & are e

le
o el e
o gve eve e a exper
w
ee WYVú „EG›„D VO SS law. 'c3c g. Co ular offer & o ular emploee & faml member form g par
of
her houehol hall be exemp
from all oblga
o  u er „S law  regar
o
he reg
ra
o of ale  & ree e perm
. 2. Par. g hall o
appl
o a  o ular emploee who  o
a perma e
emploee of SS or who arre o a  prva
e ga ful oupa
o  „S or
o a  member of
he faml of a  uh emploee. 'cJc g. ¯ember of
he o ular po
hall WYVú „EG›„D VO erve re ere for SS be exemp
from a  oblga
o   regar
o work perm
 mpoe b „S law o er  g
he emplome
of foreg labour. 2. ¯ember of
he prva
e 
aff of o ular offer & of o ular emploee hall f
he o o
arr o a  o
her ga ful oupa
o 
he „S be exemp
from
he oblga
o   par. g. 'c2g Dea
h of a member of
he o ular po
or of faml member form g par
of h houehol „S² (a) perm
expor
of
he movable proper
 of
he eeae exep
proper
 aqure  „S
he expor
of whh wa prohb
e a

he
me of h ea
h; (b) o
lev a
o al rego al or mu pal e
a
e ueo or  her
a e u
e & u
e o
ra fer o movable proper

he pree e of whh 
he „S wa ue olel
o
he pree e 
ha
S
a
e of
he eeae a a member of
he o ular po
or a a member of
he faml of a member of
he o ular po
. cYYYc9c

c cc>cc- $cDc c ccc$c- $c 'c2
c g. ›r
. 28 29 30 34Œ39 54.3 & 55.2 & 3 hall appl
o o ular po
 heae b a ho orar o ular offer. Vhe fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e of uh o ular po
 hall be gover e b ›r
. 59Œ62. 2. ›r
. 42 43 44.3 45 & 53 & 55.g hall appl
o ho orar o ular offer. Fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e of uh o ular offer hall be gover e b ›r
. 63Œ67. 3. úere prvlege & mmu 
e hall o
be aore
o member of
he faml of a ho orar o ular offer or of a o ular emploee emploe a
a o ular po
heae b a ho orar o ular offer. 4. Exha ge of o ular bag be
wee 2 o ular po
 heae b ho orar o ular offer  ffere
S
a
e hall o
be allowe w
hou

he o e
of
he 2 „S o er e. c

8Ý     28 3 US Emba a  
aff  Yra were  ?cc w
hou
Yra a au
hor
e   cc uh bu
w
h c  cc b
he ›a
ollah.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

,+ Y   Y m 0 

Vhe falure of
he Yra a eur
 fore
o pro
e

he Emba or
ake a  
ep
o lbera
e
he 
aff member amou
e
o a   ccY@c cc c4 c cc%   $c cccc  ccc$cc c cc. c

 &G#  %@  2%@+83 ¯exo lam breahe of
he Me a Co ve
o o Co ular „ela
o  (w
h regar
o $

 $ ) 
he
rea
me
of 52 ¯exa  $ $cc$cc 
he US. ,+ Y !    
 O o
e ͞w
hou
ela  o
eearl
o be 
erpre
e a ͞mmea
el upo arre
 or a 
be 
erpre
e
o g f
ha

he provo of
he o
e mu
eearl preee a  
erroga
o  o
ha

he omme eme
of 
erroga
o before
he o
fa
o woul be a breah of ›r
. 36. Bu

he Cour
oberve
ha

here  
ll a ccc c   cc cc   ccccccc c c c ?cccc cc c  or o e
here are cc cccc ccc c l. US wa  breah of 
 oblga
o 
o 5g  vual. Vhere are c c c'/c 3c5g8. Yf a S
a
e breahe 
 oblga
o u er ›r
. 36 (gb)  o
o
f g
he Co ular Po
of
he o
her 
a
e of
he e
e
o of
he la

er  a
o al 
alo breahe ›r
. 36 (ga) beaue 
prelue
he o ular offer of
he o
her S
a
e
o ommu a
e w
h a  have ae
o
her a
o al a well a ›r
. 36 (g) beaue 
prelue
he o ular offer of
he o
her S
a
e from v
 g
her e
a e a
o al a  from arra g g for legal repree
a
o of
her a
o al. Vhe "#"%Gc
o make goo
hee vola
o  of 
 oblga
o  houl o 
 requr g
he US
o  c$ c cc $   of
hee a
o al ae b
he US our
 w
h a vew
o aer
a  g whe
her  eah ae
he vola
o of ›r
. 36 omm

e b
he ompe
e
au
hor
e aue a
ual prejue
o
he efe a

he proe of am 
ra
o of rm al ju
e. Vhu 
houl
ake aou
of
he vola
o of
he rgh
 e
for
h 
he Me a Co ve
o a  guara
ee
ha

he vola
o a 
he poble prejue aue b
he vola
o wll be full exam e a 
ake 
o aou

he revew a  reo era
o proe. La
l  cc$   houl be bo
h of
he $ a  of
he $ $ .

 c YY 


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c







 



 
' $c)5 8,c& c ›ll member hall c  c  c   b $c

  uh a ma er
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 c$cc$ ,cc  $ are c. ' $c)58,c& c ›ll member hall   
her 
er a
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o  from
he c c c c $ aga 

he   c   or   $c

$ of a  
a
e or  a  o
her ma er  o 
e
w
h
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e ?a
o .

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c
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Page J of g *

' $c)5g8,c& c Y orer
o e ure  c c $  a
o b
he U 
e ?a
o  
 ¯ember g] o fer o
he Seur
 Cou l 

c     for
he ma
e a e of 
er a
o al peae a  eur
 a  2] agree
ha
  arr g o 
 u
e u er
h repo bl

he Seur
 Cou l $cc c. ' $c)2,c& c Vhe ¯ember of
he U 
e ?a
o  agree
o $$ a  $c
he $  ccc.$ c$   aora e w
h
he pree
Char
er. ' $c) 5g8,c& c Vhe Seur
 Cou l hall o 
of  c   of
he U 
e ?a
o . Vhe „epubl of Ch a Fra e
he U o of Sove
Soal
„epubl
he U 
e K gom of Grea
Br
a a  ?or
her Yrela  a 
he U 
e S
a
e of ›mera hall be  c

  of
he Seur
 Cou l. Vhe Ge eral ›embl hall $c c  ¯ember of
he U 
e ?a
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o be 9 c

  of
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a e of
he g] $   of ¯ember of
he U 
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he a]  $cc  c$cc$  a 
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he b] c  of
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he Seur
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her ma

er hall be mae b a    c c c  c    lu g
he $$ c ccc c  ;  Y
ha
  eo  u er Chap
er MY a  u er paragraph 3 of ›r
le 52 a ccc c hall   from vo
 g.  $*!1 Vc Ge eral „ule² Vhe U? Char
er prohb

he >"' c-c&."c-c -" be
wee member aga 

her
err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e (›r
. 24] U? Char
er) Exep
o ² (a)  here
rgh

o    or $$  9 (›r
. 5g U? Char
er) (b) whe ccc.$ c$  (›r
. 42 U? Char
er) Vc Yf
here  alrea  c$ $ appl YúL;  ge eral ue U? Char
er Vc U
l whe a ou allege elf-efe e ʹ u
l
he SC ha
ake og a e of
he ma

er (
hu cc$cc) Vc 7& 

?9  e
erm e  ?aragua v. US ʹ ͞Y
oul  lue o
merel a
o b
he c c$c$c c  c bu
alo
he  ccccc cccc c,c,c cc $ ,c  $c$cc$cc c$c cc͙ Y
oul
ake plae  $
hrough
he ue of o e  ow fore O„  re
l
hrough arme ba  or rregular. Vhe ke  &(#& ' ).

 +82 ;1>3 Vhe US allegel pla e a  u er
ook a
v
e re
e aga 

he ew gover me
of ?aragua pefall
he m  g of por
 a  wa
er opera
o  aga 
ol  
alla
o  a  aval bae  fr geme
of ar pae a  uppor
for
he mere ar arm
he o
ra fore. Vhe US lame olle
ve elf efe e  behalf of El Salvaor a ju
fa
o for 
 a
o . VY Y "YY   +  Y. YY Vhe ge eral rule prohb
 g fore allow for er
a exep
o . Fr

he  here
rgh
whh a  
a
e poee 
he eve
of a arme


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

a

ak over bo
h olle
ve a   vual elf efe e. Vhe par
e agree
ha
ccccc$c c epe  o oberva e of
he $  ccc$ ccc   of
he meaure
ake  elf efe e. Y
he ae of  vual elf efe e
he exere of
h rgh
 ubje

o
he 
a
e o er e hav g bee a v
m of a arme a

ak. „ela e o olle
ve elf efe e of oure oe o
remove
he ee for
h. Vhere  #c c c$ c  cc  cccc 1$ cc cc$$ ccccc cc c-( c '.."..#" ccc  . Y.Y   YY Y ++Y YY+ Y YY+YYYVhu  u
omar 
er a
o al law
here  o rule perm

 g
he exere of olle
ve elf efe e 
he abe e of a reque
b
he S
a
e whh regar 
elf a
he v
m of a arme a

ak. Vhe requreme
of a reque
 a
o al
o
he requreme

ha
uh a S
a
e houl have elare 
elf
o have bee a

ake.

+Y !( Y Y  Vhe pr ple of o -
erve
o  volve
he rgh
of ever overeg S
a
e
o o u

 affar w
hou
ou
e 
erfere e. › prohb
e 
erfere e mu
aor gl be o e bear g o ma

er  whh eah S
a
e  perm

e b
he pr ple of S
a
e overeg

o ee freel. Vhe eleme
of oero  whh ef e a   ee form
he ver ee e of prohb
e 
erve
o   par
ularl obvou 
he ae of a 
erve
o whh ue fore e
her 
he re
from of ml
ar a
o  or 
he  re
form of uppor

o ubverve or
error
arme a
v
e w
h a o
her S
a
e. Vhee are
herefore wro gful 
he lgh
of bo
h
he pr ple of o -ue of fore a 
ha
of 
erve
o . ++Y Y Y (Y Y YY    
   Y " Whle a arme a

ak woul gve re
o a e

leme

o olle
ve elf efe e a ue of fore of a leer egree of grav
 a o
proue a  e

leme

o
ake olle
ve ou
er-meaure  volv g
he ue of fore. Vhe a
 of whh ?aragua  aue eve aum g
hem
o have bee e
ablhe a  mpu
able
o
ha
S
a
e oul o l have ju
fe propor
o a
e ou
er-meaure o
he par
of
he v
m S
a
e (El Salvaor úo ura Co
a „a). Vhe oul o
ju
f ou
er-meaure
ake b a
hr S
a
e (
he US) a  par
ularl oul o
ju
f 
erve
o  volv g
he ue of fore.  $*! ² YCJ reje
e
he US  elf efe e argume
a  hel
ha

he US  fr ge
he prohb
o o
he ue of fore ue
o ome of 
 a
v
e.

 ! 8"!     2 ;;>3 Vhe U? Ge eral ›embl reque
e
he YCJ  ›vor Op o o
he que
o ² ͞Y
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo   a  rum
a e perm

e u er 
er a
o al law 

 #Y  YY  Vh prohb
o of
he ue of fore (›r
. 2 para 4 U? Char
er) 
o be o ere 
he lgh
of o
her releva
provo  of
he Char
er (›r
. 5g o
he  here
rgh
of  vual or olle
ve elf efe e f a arme a

ak our; ›r
. 42 whereb
he Seur
 Cou l ma
ake ml
ar e foreme
meaure  o form
 w
h Chap
er MYY). „eor

o elf efe e u er ›r
. 5g  ubje

o er
a re
ra
 (
he o 
o  of $ cc   ubmo
o whh  a rule  u
omar 
er a
o al law). Vhe propor
o al
 pr ple ma
hu o
 
elf exlue
he ue of ulear weapo   elf efe e  all rum
a e.

Page J of g *

! Y Y  Y Y  Y Y Vhee provo  o o
refer
o pef weapo . Vhe appl
o a  ue of fore regarle of
he weapo  emploe. Vhe Char
er e
her exprel prohb
 or perm

he ue of a  pef weapo   lu g ulear weapo . % +Y  . Y
uffe for
he Cour

o o
e
ha

he ver a
ure of all ulear weapo  a 
he profou  rk aoa
e
herew
h are fur
her o era
o 
o be bor e  m  b S
a
e belev g
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h
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 of propor
o al
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+YA3 Vhe expe e  volve are
hoe rela
 g
o U? opera
o   Co go a 
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 purua e of Seur
 Cou l a  Ge eral ›embl „eolu
o . Vhe U? G› reque
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h
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er. VY˜
YY 
Y  a g
ha

he power of
he Cour

o gve avor op o  erve from ›r
. 65 of
he S
a
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 be g a Cour
of Ju
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 eve b gv g avor op o  epar
from
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ma o e
hele el e
o o o. Vhe Cour
f  o ͞ompell g reao  wh 
houl o
gve
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e. Y
ha bee argue
ha

he que
o pu

o
he Cour
 
er
w e w
h pol
al que
o  a 
ha
for
h reao
he Cour
houl refue
o gve a op o . Vhe Cour
 however a o
a

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e a pol
al hara
er
o a reque
whh  v
e 

o u er
ake a ee
al jual
ak amel
he  cccc  .

VY˜ Y++
 Y Y  Y Y.Y ›r
. 65 par g  permve a  u er 

ha
power  of a re
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er. Y exer g
h re
o 
he YCJ lke
he PCYJ ha alwa bee gue b
he pr ple
ha
 cc $ c,c c c cc  c ccc0  cc c $ c $$cc c  c c  . Y
ha bee a  prevou op o 
ha

he ccccc c  $  c cc$   ccc& a   pr ple cc c. Vhe Cour
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her a
ha
c6$  c 7ccc cccc cc c  . Y ge eral a op o gve b
he Cour
wll fur h
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h  cccc$$ccccc cc c$ ? cc(c.. Y a  eve

o wha
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e
or egree 
 op o wll have a mpa
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he Cour

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ha ome
o
he o luo
ha

he que
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o 
are releva
a  have a pra
al a  o
emporar effe
a  o eque
l are o
evo of obje
or purpoe. ›
o lak of o e

he Cour
a
ha

reog e
ha
lak of o e
mgh
$ cccc$  cc cc  c 0 f 
he rum
a e of a gve ae $  cc  $ c cc cccccc  . Y hor

he $ccc c.c$ ccc,c ccc@c$ $,cccc$  ccc  cc  cc  .

5 +"2 ;;;3 Vhe YCJ wa reque
e
o e
erm e o
he ba of
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 of g890 a 
he rule a  pr ple of 
er a
o al law
he  be
wee ?amba a  Bo
wa a arou  Kakl Seuu Yla  a 
he legal 
a
u of
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hrough a .$ c'  be
wee
he 2 
a
e
o ubm

he pu
e
o
he YCJ. ?e
her Bo
wa a or ?amba  a 
o
he Me a Co ve
o o
he Law of Vrea
e bo
h of
hem o er ›r
. 3g of
he Co ve
o a applable  
erpre
 g
he › glo-Germa Vrea
  amuh a ›r
. 3g refle
u
omar 
er a
o al law.   $*!1Vhe YCJ aqure jur
o beaue
he par
e $cccY!@c  $  a  $ccc '9  c c c  cc .

(   2 ;A03 Vhe Cou l of
he League of ?a
o  reque
e
he PCYJ
o gve a avor op o upo
h que
o ² ͞Do ›r
. g0 a  gg of
he Vrea
 of Peae be
wee F la  a  „ua g e a
Dorpa
 a 
he a exe Delara
o of
he „ua Delega
o regar g
he au
o om of Ea
er Carela o 

u
e e gageme
 of a 
er a
o al hara
er whh plae „ua u er a oblga
o
o F la  a
o
he arr g ou
of
he provo  o
a e
here  „ua a  F la  are  pu
e regar g
he Delara
o  w
h F la  a g
ha

 cccc$$ a 
ha

he Vrea
 wa g e o
he
erm
ha

he Delara
o wa a    a
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c cc  c9 c 
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Vrea
 
elf. „ua argue
ha

he Delara
o wa o
b wa of o
ra
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wa c$ccc1  c  . VY  Y Y 
Y  › „ua  o
a member of
he League of ?a
o 
he ae  o e u er ›r
. g7 of
he Cove a
(
he eve
of pu
e be
wee a member a  a o member
he la

er hall be  
o aep

he oblga
o  of memberhp for
he purpoe of uh pu
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e ›r
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o g6 hall be apple w
h mofa
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he o
rar 
ha o everal oao  learl elare
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$$cc  cc ccc  . Y
appear
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he Cour

ha

ha

here are c$c whh re er 
ver  expee

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he Cour
houl a

emp

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h
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que
o . › „ua refue
o
ake par
 
 oub
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o allow a  jual o luo o whe
her F la  a  „ua o
ra
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erm of
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ure of Ea
er Carela  au
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o pu

o
he Cour
 cc c$c bu
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l
he  c ccc $cc$ccc$ ccc   c cc $c cc$. ' cc0 ccc  c0 cc$  cc ccc  .

 2ACC"c &"#
" c Y
& 'c Vhe
ral reul
e from
he war rme a  o
her a
ro
e mpu
e
o Germa war offal ur g
he Worl War YY. Lke
he Voko War Crme Vrbu al
he eo of
he Vrbu al  ?uremberg l
 ow (a
le g
h) all
he a
ro
e allegel omm

e b Germa  ur g
he war par
ularl  Europea 
a
e
ha

he have oupe a  aga 

he Jewh people who have beome prmar v
m of 
 ›ra 
ampag . For
he purpoe of 
er a
o al law
he follow g are ome of
he ee
al pr ple e u a
e b
he Vrbu al  repo e
o
he varou efe e rae b
he aue Germa war offal. g.c FY„SV DEFE?SE² Vhe huma 
ara law provo  of
he úague Co ve
o o o
appl beaue ome of
he 
a
e who par
pa
e 
he War were o
par
e
o
he Co ve
o . Vhe Vrbu al reje

h propo
o a  a
egorall 
a
e
ha

he provo  of
he úague Co ve
o are ar
ula
o  of u
omar 
er a
o al law rela
 g
o warfare a  o all 
a
e are bou 
o
hem regarle of o ve
o al oblga
o ² Y
 argue
ha

he úague Co ve
o oe o
appl 
h ae beaue of
he "ge eral par
pa
o " laue  ›r
le 2 of
he úague Co ve
o of g907. Vha
laue prove² "Vhe provo  o
a e 
he regula
o  („ule of La  Warfare referre
o  ›r
le g a well a 
he pree
Co ve
o o o
appl exep
be
wee o
ra
 g power a 
he o l f all
he bellgere
 are par
e
o
he Co ve
o ." Several of
he bellgere
 
he ree
war were o
par
e
o
h Co ve
o . Y
he op o of
he Vrbu al 
 o
eear
o ee
h que
o . Vhe rule of la  warfare expree 
he Co ve
o u oub
el repree
e a ava e over ex
 g 
er a
o al law a

he
me of
her aop
o . Bu

he Co ve
o exprel 
a
e
ha

wa a a

emp
"
o reve
he ge eral law a  u
om of war" whh 

hu reog e
o be
he ex
 g bu
b g939
hee rule la ow 
he Co ve
o were reog e b all vle a
o  a  were regare a be g elara
or of
he law a  u
om of war whh are referre
o  ›r
le 6 (b) of
he Char
er. 2.c SECO?D DEFE?SE² Vhe rule of warfare eae
o be applable b
he
me
he oupe
err
ore were  orpora
e 
o Germa  beaue b
he 
he are
o be
rea
e a Germa
err
or a  Germa  a hooe
o eal w
h uh
err
ore a
hough
he were par
of 
.

Page +g of g *

Vhe Vrbu al reje

h argume
 a g
ha

he o
r e of ubjuga
o  o
applable a lo g a
here rema  a fore of re
a e w
h
he oupe
err
ore a  a lo g a uh
err
ore were o
uffe
l how
o have bee  orpora
e 
o
he oup g power
hrough eve e² ͞› fur
her ubmo wa mae
ha
Germa  wa o lo ger bou  b
he rule of la  warfare  ma  of
he
err
ore oupe ur g
he war beaue Germa  ha omple
el ubjuga
e
hoe ou
re a   orpora
e
hem 
o
he Germa „eh a fa
whh gave Germa  au
hor

o eal w
h
he oupe ou
re a
hough
he were par
of Germa . Y
he vew of
he Vrbu al 
 u eear 
h ae
o ee whe
her
h o
r e of ubjuga
o  epe e
a 
 upo ml
ar o que
 ha a  appla
o where
he ubjuga
o 
he reul
of
he rme of aggreve war. Vhe o
r e wa ever o ere
o be applable o lo g a
here wa a arm 
he fel a

emp
 g
o re
ore
he oupe ou
re
o
her
rue ow er a  
h ae
herefore
he o
r e oul o
appl
o a 
err
ore oupe af
er
he g
Sep
ember g939. ›
o
he war rme omm

e  Bohema a  ¯orava 
 a uffe
a wer
ha

hee
err
ore were ever ae
o
he „eh bu
a mere pro
e
ora
e wa e
ablhe over
hem. 3.c VúY„D DEFE?SE² Vhere were omm

e o rme aga 
huma 
 ur g
he war. Vhe Vrbu al o l par
l agree w
h
h beaue
here wa o uffe
eve e
o e
ablh
ha
 before g939 rme aga 
huma 
 have bee omm

e. úowever af
er g939 rme aga 
huma 
 have u oub
el bee omm

e e
her
hrough (g) war rme whh are alo rme aga 
huma 
 or (2) rme omm

e 
he exeu
o of a aggreve war
he la

er be g u er
he jur
o of
he Vrbu al a  a uh woul alo o 

u
e rme aga 
huma 
² ͞W
h regar
o rme aga 
huma 

here  o oub
wha
ever
ha
pol
al oppo e
 were murere  Germa  before
he war a 
ha
ma  of
hem were kep
 o e
ra
o amp  rum
a e of grea
horror a  ruel
. Vhe pol of
error wa er
a l arre ou
o a va
ale a   ma  ae wa orga e a  
ema
. Vhe pol of pereu
o  repreo a  murer of vla   Germa  before
he war of g939 who were lkel
o be ho
le
o
he Gover me
 wa mo
ru
hlel arre ou
. Vhe pereu
o of Jew ur g
he ame pero  e
ablhe beo  all oub
. Vo o 

u
e rme aga 
huma 

he a
 rele o before
he ou
break of war mu
have bee  exeu
o of or  o e
o w
h a  rme w
h
he jur
o of
he Vrbu al. Vhe Vrbu al  of
he op o
ha
revol
 g a  horrble a ma  of
hee rme were 
ha o
bee a
fa
orl prove
ha

he were o e  exeu
o of or  o e
o w
h a  uh rme. Vhe Vrbu al
herefore a o
make a ge eral elara
o
ha

he a
 before g939 were rme aga 
huma 
 w
h
he mea  g of
he Char
er bu
from
he beg  g of
he war  g939 war rme were omm

e o a va
ale whh were alo rme aga 
huma 
; a   ofar a
he  huma e a
 harge 
he Y 
me
 a  omm

e af
er
he beg  g of
he


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

war  o
o 

u
e war rme
he were all omm

e  exeu
o of or  o e
o w
h
he aggreve war a 
herefore o 

u
e rme aga 
huma 
. . ' & "c-c >"cY " ' Y- 'cY#Y 'c-& c5 c 3 .8 c Overvew Vhe „ome S
a
u
e e
ablhe
he Y
er a
o al Crm al Cour
. Vh wa o e o
o rea
e a perma e

rbu al whh woul eal w
h grave rme
ha

hrea
e
he peae eur
 a  well-be g of
he worl. Vh Vrbu al hall be +YY  
o a
o al rm al jur
o . P›„V g ESV›BLYSú¯E?V OF VúE COU„V ›r
g E
ablhe
he YCC a a perma e
 

u
o hav g jur
o over mo
erou rme of a
o al o er a  hall be ompleme
ar
o a
o al rm al jur
o .

Page +) of g *

(e) Ympro me
or o
her evere eprva
o of phal lber
  vola
o of fu ame
al rule of 
er a
o al law; (f) Vor
ure; (g) „ape exual laver e fore pro

u
o  fore preg a  e fore 
erla
o  or a  o
her form of exual vole e of omparable grav
; (h) Pereu
o aga 
a  e
fable group or olle
v
 o pol
al raal a
o al e
h  ul
ural relgou ge er a ef e  paragraph 3 or o
her grou 
ha
are u verall reog e a mpermble u er 
er a
o al law  o e
o w
h a  a
referre
o 
h paragraph or a  rme w
h
he jur
o of
he Cour
; () E fore appeara e of pero ; (j) Vhe rme of apar
he; (k) O
her  huma e a
 of a mlar hara
er 
e
o all au g grea
uffer g or erou  jur
o bo or
o me
al or phal heal
h.

›r
3 ʹ Vhe ea
of
he Cour
 
he ?e
herla  a
úague ›r
4 ʹ Vhe Cour
hall have 
er a
o al legal pero al
. Y
hall alo have uh legal apa
 a ma be eear for
he exere of 
 fu 
o  a 
he fulfllme
of 
 purpoe. P›„V 2 JU„YSDYCVYO? ›D¯YSSYBYLYV  ›?D ›PPLYC›BLE L›W ›r
5 !  $ c Vhe jur
o of
he Cour
 lm
e
o
he follow g rme a)c b)c )c )c

Ge oe Crme aga 
huma 
 War rme Crme of aggreo ʹ Cour
hall exere jur
o over
h o e a provo  aop
e ef  g
h rme.

›r
6 $  - a
 omm

e w
h   c
o e
ro  whole or  par
 a a
o al e
h al raal or relgou group a uh² (a) Kll g member of
he group; (b) Cau g erou bol or me
al harm
o member of
he group; () Delbera
el  fl
 g o
he group o 
o  of lfe alula
e
o br g abou

 phal e
ru
o  whole or  par
; () Ympo g meaure 
e e
o preve
br
h w
h
he group; (e) Forbl
ra ferr g hlre of
he group
o a o
her group. ›r
7 

c c   -a  of
he follow g a
 whe omm

e a par
of a (g) weprea or 
ema
 a

ak re
e aga 
a  vla popula
o (2) w
h k owlege of
he a

ak (a) ¯urer; (b) Ex
erm a
o ; () E laveme
; () Depor
a
o or forble
ra fer of popula
o ;

cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccc ,=

c
cc#'c)cccc

YY  Y+ Y+YY + Y Y  Y Y Y. 
      YY Y   "+Y
Y ++  Y    Y  "  Y YYY +  Y+ +   Y0  Y  
-  YY YY

Y Y   Y   "
 ++  Y Y +Y  Y+  Y+YY  Y   Y +Y+YY   Y  Y Y Y    YY   Y  " ;% " Y Y
 ++ "c(-& %"%A.YCA%"'%c ›r
. g6. Par
e
o
he o fl
hall reor a oo a poble  repe
of eah wou e k or ea pero of
he avere Par
 fall g 
o
her ha  a  par
ular whh ma a
 h e
fa
o . Vhee reor houl f poble  lue² (a) eg a
o of
he Power o whh he epe ; (b) arm regme
al pero al or eral umber; () ur ame; () fr
ame or ame; (e) a
e of br
h; (f) a  o
her par
ular how o h e

 ar or ; (g) a
e a  plae of ap
ure or ea
h; (h) par
ular o er  g wou  or ll e or aue of ea
h. › oo a poble
he above me
o e  forma
o hall be forware
o
he Y forma
o Bureau erbe  ›r
le g22 of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of g2 ›ugu
g949 whh hall
ra m

h  forma
o
o
he Power o whh
hee pero  epe 
hrough
he 
ermear of
he Pro
e
 g Power a  of
he Ce
ral Pro er of War ›ge . Par
e
o
he o fl
hall prepare a  forwar
o eah o
her
hrough
he ame bureau er
fa
e of ea
h or ul au
he
a
e l
 of
he ea. Vhe hall lkewe olle
a  forwar
hrough
he ame bureau o e half of a ouble e

  la
wll or o
her oume
 of mpor
a e
o
he ex
of k  mo e a   ge eral all ar
le of a 
r  or e
me
al value whh are fou  o
he ea. Vhee ar
le
oge
her w
h u e
fe ar
le hall be e
 eale pake
 aompa e b 
a
eme
 gv g all par
ular eear for
he e
fa
o of
he eeae ow er a well a b a omple
e l
of
he o
e
 of
he parel. Y > c -c
&Y'c ›r
. g7. Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e ure
ha
bural or rema
o of
he ea arre ou
 vuall a far a rum
a e perm
  preee b a areful exam a
o  f poble b a meal exam a
o  of
he boe w
h a vew
o o frm g ea
h e
ablh g e

 a  e abl g a repor

o be mae. O e half of
he ouble e

  or
he e

  
elf f 
 a  gle  houl rema o
he bo. Boe hall o
be rema
e exep
for mpera
ve reao  of hge e or for mo
ve bae o
he relgo of
he eeae. Y ae of rema
o 
he rum
a e a  reao  for rema
o hall be 
a
e  e
al 
he ea
h er
fa
e or o
he au
he
a
e l
of
he ea. Vhe hall fur
her e ure
ha

he ea are ho ourabl 
erre f poble aor g
o
he r
e of
he relgo
o whh
he belo ge
ha

her grave are repe
e groupe f poble aor g
o
he a
o al
 of
he eeae properl ma
a e

Page +J of g *

a  marke o
ha

he ma alwa be fou . For
h purpoe
he hall orga e a

he omme eme
of ho
l
e a Offal Grave „eg
ra
o Serve
o allow ubeque
exhuma
o  a 
o e ure
he e
fa
o of boe wha
ever
he 
e of
he grave a 
he poble
ra por
a
o
o
he home ou
r. Vhee provo  hall lkewe appl
o
he ahe whh hall be kep
b
he Grave „eg
ra
o Serve u
l proper poal
hereof  aora e w
h
he whe of
he home ou
r. › oo a rum
a e perm
 a  a
la
e
a

he e  of ho
l
e
hee Serve hall exha ge
hrough
he Y forma
o Bureau me
o e 
he eo  paragraph of ›r
le g6 l
 how g
he exa
loa
o a  mark g of
he grave
oge
her w
h par
ular of
he ea 
erre
here . >-."c(>-c'Y%c >"c(-& %"%c'"c - c -c
"c>'#"%c ›r
. g8. Vhe ml
ar au
hor
e ma appeal
o
he har
 of
he  hab
a
 volu
arl
o olle
a  are for u er
her re
o 
he wou e a  k gra
 g pero  who have repo e
o
h appeal
he eear pro
e
o a  fal
e. Shoul
he avere Par

ake or re
ake o
rol of
he area he hall lkewe gra

hee pero 
he ame pro
e
o a 
he ame fal
e. Vhe ml
ar au
hor
e hall perm

he  hab
a
 a  relef oe
e eve   vae or oupe area po
a eoul
o olle
a  are for wou e or k of wha
ever a
o al
. Vhe vla popula
o hall repe

hee wou e a  k a   par
ular ab
a from offer g
hem vole e. cc ccc cc$ $cc c cccc $/c Vhe provo  of
he pree
›r
le o o
releve
he oup g Power of 
 oblga
o
o gve bo
h phal a  moral are
o
he wou e a  k.

cYYY/c# $c& cc"  c ›r
. g9. Fxe e
ablhme
 a  moble meal u 
 of
he ¯eal Serve ma  o rum
a e be a

ake bu
hall a
all
me be repe
e a  pro
e
e b
he Par
e
o
he o fl
. Shoul
he fall 
o
he ha  of
he avere Par

her pero el hall be free
o purue
her u
e a lo g a
he ap
ur g Power ha o

elf e ure
he eear are of
he wou e a  k fou   uh e
ablhme
 a  u 
/c c #"%Y'c& Y .c - "c
'%c ›r
. 22. Vhe follow g o 
o  hall o
be o ere a eprv g a meal u 
or e
ablhme
of
he pro
e
o guara
ee b ›r
le g9² (g) Vha

he pero el of
he u 
or e
ablhme
are arme a 
ha

he ue
he arm 
her ow efe e or 
ha
of
he wou e a  k 
her harge. (2) Vha

he abe e of arme orerle
he u 
or e
ablhme
 pro
e
e b a pke
or b e
re or b a eor
. (3) Vha
mall arm a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e a  k a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve are fou  
he u 
or e
ablhme
. (4) Vha
pero el a  ma
eral of
he ve
er ar erve are fou  
he u 
or e
ablhme
 w
hou
form g a 
egral par

hereof. (5) Vha

he huma 
ara a
v
e of meal u 
 a  e
ablhme
 or of
her pero el ex
e 
o
he are of vla wou e or k. cY4/c c ›r
. 24. ¯eal pero el exluvel e gage 
he earh for or
he olle
o 
ra por
or
rea
me
of
he wou e or k or 
he preve
o of eae 
aff exluvel e gage 
he


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

am 
ra
o of meal u 
 a  e
ablhme
 a well a hapla  a

ahe
o
he arme fore hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e  all rum
a e. ' &"%c>"' >c(-C"A>" ".c ›r
. 28. Pero el eg a
e  ›r
le 24 a  26 who fall 
o
he ha  of
he avere Par
 hall be re
a e o l  o far a
he 
a
e of heal
h
he pr
ual ee a 
he umber of pro er of war requre. cc cccc c cc . ?ever
hele
he hall a
lea
be ef
b all
he provo  of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of g2 ›ugu
g949. W
h
he framework of
he ml
ar law a  regula
o  of
he De
a  g Power a  u er
he au
hor
 of 
 ompe
e
erve
he hall o
 ue
o arr ou
  aora e w
h
her profeo al e
h
her meal a  pr
ual u
e o behalf of pro er of war preferabl
hoe of
he arme fore
o whh
he
hemelve belo g. Vhe hall fur
her e jo
he follow g fal
e for arr g ou

her meal or pr
ual u
e² (a) Vhe hall be au
hore
o v
peroall
he pro er of war  labour u 
 or hop
al ou
e
he amp. Vhe De
a  g Power hall pu
a

her poal
he mea  of
ra por
requre. (b) Y eah amp
he e or meal offer of
he hghe
ra k hall be repo ble
o
he ml
ar au
hor
e of
he amp for
he profeo al a
v
 of
he re
a e meal pero el. For
h purpoe from
he ou
break of ho
l
e
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall agree regar g
he orrepo  g e or
 of
he ra k of
her meal pero el  lu g
hoe of
he oe
e eg a
e  ›r
le 26. Y all que
o  ar g ou
of
her u
e
h meal offer a 
he hapla  hall have re
ae
o
he ml
ar a  meal au
hor
e of
he amp who hall gra

hem
he fal
e
he ma requre for orrepo e e rela
 g
o
hee que
o . () ›l
hough re
a e pero el  a amp hall be ubje

o 
 
er al pl e
he hall o
 however be requre
o perform a  work ou
e
her meal or relgou u
e. Dur g ho
l
e
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall make arra geme
 for relev g where poble re
a e pero el a  hall e

le
he proeure of uh relef. ?o e of
he pree g provo  hall releve
he De
a  g Power of
he oblga
o  mpoe upo 
w
h regar
o
he meal a  pr
ual welfare of
he pro er of war. ›r
. 30. Pero el whoe re
e
o  o
 pe able b vr
ue of
he provo  of ›r
le 28 hall be re
ur e
o
he Par

o
he o fl

o whom
he belo g a oo a a roa  ope for
her re
ur a  ml
ar requreme
 perm
. Pe  g
her re
ur 
he hall o
be eeme pro er of war. ?ever
hele
he hall a
lea
be ef
b all
he provo  of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of g2 ›ugu
g949. Vhe hall o
 ue
o fulfl
her u
e u er
he orer of
he avere Par
 a  hall preferabl be e gage 
he are of
he wou e a  k of
he Par

o
he o fl

o whh
he
hemelve belo g. O
her epar
ure
he hall
ake w
h
hem
he effe
 pero al belo g g valuable a   
rume
 belo g g
o
hem. ›r
. 3g. Vhe ele
o of pero el for re
ur u er ›r
le 30 hall be mae rrepe
ve of a  o era
o of rae relgo or pol
al op o  bu
preferabl aor g
o
he hro ologal orer of
her ap
ure a 
her 
a
e of heal
h. › from
he ou
break of ho
l
e Par
e
o
he o fl
ma e
erm e b peal agreeme

he pere
age of pero el
o

Page +
of g *

be re
a e  propor
o
o
he umber of pro er a 
he 
rbu
o of
he a pero el 
he amp. c c4/c
  cc# c ›r
. 33. Vhe ma
eral of moble meal u 
 of
he arme fore whh fall 
o
he ha  of
he e em hall be reerve for
he are of wou e a  k. Vhe bul g ma
eral a  
ore of fxe meal e
ablhme
 of
he arme fore hall rema ubje

o
he law of war bu
ma o
be ver
e from
her purpoe a lo g a
he are requre for
he are of wou e a  k. ?ever
hele
he omma er of fore 
he fel ma make ue of
hem  ae of urge
ml
ar ee
 prove
ha

he make prevou arra geme
 for
he welfare of
he wou e a  k who are ure 
hem. Vhe ma
eral a  
ore ef e 
he pree
›r
le hall o
be 
e
o all e
roe. c4Y/c# $c c ›r
. 35. Vra por
 of wou e a  k or of meal equpme
hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e 
he ame wa a moble meal u 
. Shoul uh
ra por
 or vehle fall 
o
he ha  of
he avere Par

he hall be ubje

o
he law of war o o 
o
ha

he Par

o
he o fl
who ap
ure
hem hall  all ae e ure
he are of
he wou e a  k
he o
a . Vhe vla pero el a  all mea  of
ra por
ob
a e b requ
o hall be ubje

o
he ge eral rule of 
er a
o al law. ›r
. 36. ¯eal arraf

ha

o a arraf
exluvel emploe for
he removal of wou e a  k a  for
he
ra por
of meal pero el a  equpme
 hall o
be a

ake bu
hall be repe
e b
he bellgere
 whle fl g a
hegh

me a  o rou
e pefall agree upo be
wee
he bellgere
 o er e. Vhe hall bear learl marke
he   $ c  prerbe  ›r
le 38
oge
her w
h
her a
o al olour o
her lower upper a  la
eral urfae. Vhe hall be prove w
h a  o
her mark g or mea  of e
fa
o
ha
ma be agree upo be
wee
he bellgere
 upo
he ou
break or ur g
he oure of ho
l
e. U le agree o
herwe flgh
 over e em or e emoupe
err
or are prohb
e. ¯eal arraf
hall obe ever ummo 
o la . Y
he eve
of a la  g
hu mpoe
he arraf
w
h 
 oupa
 ma o
 ue 
 flgh
af
er exam a
o  f a . Y
he eve
of a  volu
ar la  g  e em or e emoupe
err
or
he wou e a  k a well a
he rew of
he arraf
hall be pro er of war. Vhe meal pero el hall be
rea
e aor g
o ›r
le 24 a 
he ›r
le follow g. c4YY/c c%  $ c"  c ›r
. 38. › a omplme

o Sw
erla 
he heral emblem of
he c$ o a wh
e grou  forme b rever g
he Feeral olour  re
a e a
he emblem a  
 
ve g of
he ¯eal Serve of arme fore. ?ever
hele 
he ae of ou
re whh alrea ue a emblem  plae of
he re ro
he re ree
or
he re lo a  u o a wh
e grou 
hoe emblem are alo reog e b
he
erm of
he pree
Co ve
o . ›r
. 40. Vhe pero el eg a
e  ›r
le 24 a   ›r
le 26 a  27 hall wear affxe
o
he lef
arm a wa
er-re
a
armle



c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

bear g
he 
 
ve emblem ue a  
ampe b
he ml
ar au
hor
. Suh pero el  a
o
o wear g
he e

  me
o e  ›r
le g6 hall alo arr a peal e

 ar bear g
he 
 
ve emblem. Vh ar hall be wa
er-re
a
a  of uh e
ha

a be arre 
he poke
. Y
hall be wore 
he a
o al la guage hall me
o a
lea

he ur ame a  fr
ame
he a
e of br
h
he ra k a 
he erve umber of
he bearer a  hall 
a
e  wha
apa
 he  e

le
o
he pro
e
o of
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe ar hall bear
he pho
ograph of
he ow er a  alo e
her h g a
ure or h f gerpr
 or bo
h. Y
hall be emboe w
h
he 
amp of
he ml
ar au
hor
. Vhe e

 ar hall be u form
hroughou

he ame arme fore a  a far a poble of a mlar
pe 
he arme fore of
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
ma be gue b
he moel whh  a exe b wa of example
o
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe hall  form eah o
her a

he ou
break of ho
l
e of
he moel
he are u g. Ye

 ar houl be mae ou
 f poble a
lea
 upla
e o e op be g kep
b
he home ou
r. Y o rum
a e ma
he a pero el be eprve of
her  g a or e

 ar or of
he rgh

o wear
he armle
. Y ae of lo
he hall be e

le
o reeve upla
e of
he ar a 
o have
he  g a replae. c c4YYY/c"1$ ccc c ›r
. 46. „epral aga 

he wou e k pero el bul g or equpme
pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o are prohb
e. ›r
. 47. Vhe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake 
me of peae a 
me of war
o em a
e
he
ex
of
he pree
Co ve
o a wel a poble 
her repe
ve ou
re a   par
ular
o  lue
he 
u
hereof 
her programme of ml
ar a  f poble vl  
ru
o  o
ha

he pr ple
hereof ma beome k ow
o
he e
re popula
o   par
ular
o
he arme fgh
 g fore
he meal pero el a 
he hapla . cY=/c cc'ccY$ c %& Gc -c" Y.' "c ›r
. 49. Vhe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake
o e a
a  legla
o eear
o prove effe
ve pe al a 
o  for pero  omm

 g or orer g
o be omm

e a  of
he grave breahe of
he pree
Co ve
o ef e 
he follow g ›r
le. Eah úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall be u er
he oblga
o
o earh for pero  allege
o have omm

e or
o have orere
o be omm

e uh grave breahe a  hall br g uh pero  regarle of
her a
o al
 before 
 ow our
. Y
ma alo f 
prefer a   aora e w
h
he provo  of 
 ow legla
o  ha  uh pero  over for
ral
o a o
her úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 o er e prove uh úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 ha mae ou
a prma fae ae. Eah úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall
ake meaure eear for
he uppreo of all a
 o
rar
o
he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o o
her
ha
he grave breahe ef e 
he follow g ›r
le. Y all rum
a e
he aue pero  hall be ef
b afeguar of proper
ral a  efe e whh hall o
be le favourable
ha
hoe prove b ›r
le g05 a 
hoe follow g of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of g2 ›ugu
g949. ›r
. 50. c$
o whh
he pree g ›r
le rela
e hall be
hoe  volv g a  of
he follow g a
 f omm

e aga 
pero  or proper
 pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o ² wlful kll g

Page ++ of g *


or
ure or  huma
rea
me
  lu g bologal experme
 wlfull au g grea
uffer g or erou  jur
o bo or heal
h a  ex
e ve e
ru
o a  appropra
o of proper
 o
ju
fe b ml
ar ee
 a  arre ou
u lawfull a  wa
o l. ›r
. 53. Vhe  b  vual oe
e frm or ompa e e
her publ or prva
e o
her
ha
hoe e

le
here
o u er
he pree
Co ve
o  of
he emblem or
he eg a
o " „e Cro " or " Ge eva Cro " or a  g or eg a
o o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof wha
ever
he obje
of uh ue a  rrepe
ve of
he a
e of 
 aop
o  cc  ccc

. B reao of
he
rbu
e pa
o Sw
erla  b
he aop
o of
he revere Feeral olour a  of
he o fuo whh ma are be
wee
he arm of Sw
erla  a 
he 
 
ve emblem of
he Co ve
o 
he ue b prva
e  vual oe
e or frm of
he arm of
he Sw Co feera
o  or of mark o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof whe
her a
raemark or ommeral mark or a par
 of uh mark or for a purpoe o
rar
o ommeral ho e
 or  rum
a e apable of wou  g Sw a
o al e
me
 hall be prohb
e a
all
me. ?ever
hele uh úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e a were o
par

o
he Ge eva Co ve
o of 27 Jul g929 ma gra

o pror uer of
he emblem eg a
o  g  or mark eg a
e 
he fr
paragraph a
me lm
o

o exee
hree ear from
he om g 
o fore of
he pree
Co ve
o
o o
 ue uh ue prove
ha

he a ue hall o
be uh a woul appear 
me of war
o o fer
he pro
e
o of
he Co ve
o . Vhe prohb
o la ow 
he fr
paragraph of
he pree
›r
le hall alo appl w
hou
effe
o a  rgh
 aqure
hrough pror ue
o
he emblem a  mark me
o e 
he eo  paragraph of ›r
le 38.

c.$c c  c5YY8ccc'   ccc  cc(,c . $cc. $c# cc' c$cc./c ,c g)c'cg++/c ›r
2. Y a
o
o
he provo  whh hall be mpleme
e  peae
me
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o all ae of elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl
whh ma are be
wee
wo or more of
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he 
a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem. Vhe Co ve
o hall alo appl
o all ae of par
al or
o
al oupa
o of
he
err
or of a úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f
he a oupa
o mee
 w
h o arme re
a e. ›l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par

o
he pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof. ›r
3. Y
he ae of arme o fl
o
of a 
er a
o al hara
er ourr g 
he
err
or of o e of
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e eah Par

o
he o fl
hall be bou 
o appl cc 

 ,c follow g provo ² (g) Pero 
ak g o a
ve par

he ho
l
e  lu g member of arme fore who have la ow
her arm a 
hoe plae hor e omba
b k e wou  e
e
o  or a  o
her aue hall  all rum
a e be
rea
e huma el w
hou
a 


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour relgo or fa
h ex br
h or weal
h or a  o
her mlar r
era. Vo
h e 
he follow g a
 are a  hall rema prohb
e a
a 
me a   a  plae wha
oever w
h repe

o
he aboveme
o e pero ² (a) vole e
o lfe a  pero   par
ular murer of all k  mu
la
o  ruel
rea
me
a 
or
ure; (b)
ak g of ho
age; () ou
rage upo pero al g 
  par
ular humla
 g a  egra g
rea
me
; ()
he pa g of e
e e a 
he arr g ou
of exeu
o  w
hou
prevou jugeme
pro ou e b a regularl o 

u
e our
 affor g all
he jual guara
ee whh are reog e a  pe able b vle people. (2) Vhe wou e k a  hpwreke hall be olle
e a  are for. › mpar
al huma 
ara bo uh a
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro ma offer 
 erve
o
he Par
e
o
he o fl
. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
houl fur
her e eavour
o br g 
o fore b mea  of peal agreeme
 all or par
of
he o
her provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe appla
o of
he pree g provo  hall o
affe

he legal 
a
u of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
. ›r
4. Y ae of ho
l
e be
wee la  a  aval fore of Par
e
o
he o fl

he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o cc cc$ccc . Fore pu
ahore hall mmea
el beome ubje

o
he provo  of
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he ›melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he Wou e a  Sk  ›rme Fore 
he Fel of ›ugu
g2 g949. ›r
5. c ccccche provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o
o
he wou e k a  hpwreke a 
o member of
he meal pero el a 
o hapla  of
he arme fore of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
reeve or 
er e 
her
err
or a well a
o ea pero  fou . ›r
7. Wou e k a  hpwreke pero  a well a member of
he meal pero el a  hapla  ma  o rum
a e re ou e  par
or  e
re

he rgh
 eure
o
hem b
he pree
Co ve
o  a  b
he peal agreeme
 referre
o 
he forego g ›r
le f uh
here be. cYY/c(,c. $cc. $c ›r
g2. ¯ember of
he arme fore a  o
her pero  me
o e 
he follow g ›r
le who are a
ea a  who are wou e k or hpwreke hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e  all rum
a e 
be g u er
oo
ha

he
erm "hpwrek" mea  hpwrek from a  aue a   lue fore la  g a
ea b or from arraf
. Suh pero  hall be c cc$c b
he Par
e
o
he o fl
 whoe power
he ma be w
hou
a  avere 
 
o fou e o ex rae a
o al
 relgo  pol
al op o  or a  o
her mlar r
era. ›  a

emp
 upo
her lve or vole e
o
her pero  hall be 
r
l prohb
e;  par
ular
he hall o
be murere or ex
erm a
e ubje
e
o
or
ure or
o bologal experme
;
he hall o
wlfull be lef
w
hou
meal a
a e a  are or hall o 
o  expo g
hem
o o
ago or  fe
o be rea
e.

Page g** of g *

O l urge
meal reao  wll au
hore pror
 
he orer of
rea
me

o be am 
ere. Wome hall be
rea
e w
h all o era
o ue
o
her ex. ›r
g3. Vhe pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o
he wou e k a  hpwreke a
ea belo g g
o
he follow g a
egore² (g) ¯ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
 a well a member of ml
a or volu
eer orp form g par
of uh arme fore. (2) ¯ember of o
her ml
a a  member of o
her volu
eer orp  lu g
hoe of orga e re
a e moveme
 belo g g
o a Par

o
he o fl
a  opera
 g  or ou
e
her ow
err
or eve f
h
err
or  oupe prove
ha
uh ml
a or volu
eer orp  lu g uh orga e re
a e moveme
 fulfl
he follow g o 
o ² (a)
ha
of be g omma e b a pero repo ble for h ubor a
e; (b)
ha
of hav g a fxe 
 
ve g reog able a
a 
a e; ()
ha
of arr g arm ope l; ()
ha
of o u
 g
her opera
o   aora e w
h
he law a  u
om of war. (3) ¯ember of regular arme fore who profe allega e
o a Gover me
or a au
hor
 o
reog e b
he De
a  g Power. (4) Pero  who aompa 
he arme fore w
hou
a
uall be g member
hereof uh a vla member of ml
ar arraf
rew war orrepo e
 uppl o
ra
or member of labour u 
 or of erve repo ble for
he welfare of
he arme fore prove
ha

he have reeve au
hora
o from
he arme fore whh
he aompa . (5) ¯ember of rew  lu g ma
er plo
 a  appre
e of
he merha
mar e a 
he rew of vl arraf
of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
 who o o
be ef
b more favourable
rea
me
u er a  o
her provo  of 
er a
o al law. (6) Y hab
a
 of a o -oupe
err
or who o
he approah of
he e em po
a eoul
ake up arm
o re

he  va g fore w
hou
hav g ha
me
o form
hemelve 
o regular arme u 
 prove
he arr arm ope l a  repe

he law a  u
om of war. -
Y ' Y- .c-c >"c".&"%c ›r
g4. ›ll warhp of a bellgere
Par
 hall have
he  cc  
ha

he wou e k or hpwreke o boar ml
ar hop
al hp a  hop
al hp belo g g
o relef oe
e or
o prva
e  vual a well a merha
veel ah
 a  o
her raf
cc wha
ever
her a
o al
 prove
ha

he wou e a  k are  a f

a
e
o be move a 
ha

he warhp a prove aequa
e fal
e for eear meal
rea
me
. 'cg2/cYc,c $cc $ccccc ccc cccc  c $,c ccc ,ccc0 cc  c,ccc$c cccc c cc. ›r
g6. Subje

o
he provo  of ›r
le g2 c,c $c c $ccc ccc c ccc c cc a 
he provo  of 
er a
o al law o er  g pro er of war hall appl
o
hem. Vhe ap
or ma ee aor g
o rum
a e whe
her 
 expee

o hol
hem or
o o ve
hem
o a por

he ap
or' ow ou
r
o a eu
ral por
or eve
o a por
 e em
err
or. Y
he la
ae  cccccc c c$c cc ccc ccc.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

›r
g7. Wou e k or hpwreke pero  who are la e  eu
ral por
 w
h
he o e
of
he loal au
hor
e hall fal g arra geme

o
he o
rar be
wee
he eu
ral a 
he bellgere
Power be o guare b
he eu
ral Power where o requre b 
er a
o al law
ha

he a pero  a o
aga
ake par
 opera
o  of war. Vhe o
 of hop
al aommoa
o a  
er me
hall be bor e b
he Power o whom
he wou e k or hpwreke pero  epe . ›r
g8. ›f
er eah e gageme
 Par
e
o
he o fl
hall w
hou
ela
ake all poble meaure
o earh for a  olle

he hpwreke wou e a  k
o pro
e

hem aga 
pllage a  ll-
rea
me

o e ure
her aequa
e are a 
o earh for
he ea a  preve

her be g epole. Whe ever rum
a e perm

he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall o lue loal arra geme
 for
he removal of
he wou e a  k b ea from a beege or e rle area a  for
he paage of meal a  relgou pero el a  equpme
o
her wa
o
ha
area. %& Gc -c - YGc ›r
g9. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall reor a oo a poble  repe
of eah hpwreke wou e k or ea pero of
he avere Par
 fall g 
o
her ha  a  par
ular whh ma a
 h e
fa
o . Vhee reor houl f poble  lue² (a) eg a
o of
he Power o whh he epe ; (b) arm regme
al pero al or eral umber; () ur ame; () fr
ame or ame; (e) a
e of br
h; (f) a  o
her par
ular how o h e

 ar or ; (g) a
e a  plae of ap
ure or ea
h; (h) par
ular o er  g wou  or ll e or aue of ea
h. › oo a poble
he above-me
o e  forma
o hall be forware
o
he  forma
o bureau erbe  ›r
le g22 of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of ›ugu
g2 g949 whh hall
ra m

h  forma
o
o
he Power o whh
hee pero  epe 
hrough
he 
ermear of
he Pro
e
 g Power a  of
he Ce
ral Pro er of War ›ge . Par
e
o
he o fl
hall prepare a  forwar
o eah o
her
hrough
he ame bureau er
fa
e of ea
h or ul au
he
a
e l
 of
he ea. Vhe hall lkewe olle
a  forwar
hrough
he ame bureau o e half of
he ouble e

  or
he e

  
elf f 
 a  gle  la
wll or o
her oume
 of mpor
a e
o
he ex
of k  mo e a   ge eral all ar
le of a 
r  or e
me
al value whh are fou  o
he ea. Vhee ar
le
oge
her w
h u e
fe ar
le hall be e
 eale pake
 aompa e b 
a
eme
 gv g all par
ular eear for
he e
fa
o of
he eeae ow er a well a b a omple
e l
of
he o
e
 of
he parel. ›r
20. Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e ure
ha
 ccccc  arre ou
 vuall a far a rum
a e perm
  preee b a areful exam a
o  f poble b a meal exam a
o  of
he boe w
h a vew
o o frm g ea
h e
ablh g e

 a  e abl g a repor

o be mae. Where a ouble e

   ue o e half of
he  houl rema o
he bo. Yf ea pero  are la e
he provo  of
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he ›melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he Wou e a  Sk  ›rme Fore 
he Fel of ›ugu
g2 g949 hall be applable.

Page g*g of g *

›r
2g. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
ma appeal
o
he har
 of omma er of eu
ral merha
veel ah
 or o
her raf

o
ake o boar a  are for wou e k or hpwreke pero  a 
o olle

he ea. Meel of a  k  repo  g
o
h appeal a 
hoe hav g of
her ow aor olle
e wou e k or hpwreke pero  hall e jo peal pro
e
o a  fal
e
o arr ou
uh a
a e. Vhe ma  o ae be ap
ure o aou
of a  uh
ra por
; bu
 
he abe e of a  prome
o
he o
rar
he hall rema lable
o ap
ure for a  vola
o  of eu
ral

he ma have omm

e.

cYYY/c> c. c ›r
22. ¯l
ar hop
al hp
ha

o a hp bul
or equppe b
he Power peall a  olel w
h a vew
o a
 g
he wou e k a  hpwreke
o
rea
 g
hem a 
o
ra por
 g
hem ma  o rum
a e be a

ake or ap
ure bu
hall a
all
me be repe
e a  pro
e
e o o 
o
ha

her ame a  erp
o  have bee o
fe
o
he Par
e
o
he o fl

e a before
hoe hp are emploe. Vhe hara
er
 whh mu
appear 
he o
fa
o hall  lue reg
ere gro
o age
he le g
h from 
em
o 
er a 
he umber of ma
 a  fu el. ›r
23. E
ablhme
 ahore e

le
o
he pro
e
o of
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he ›melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he Wou e a  Sk  ›rme Fore 
he Fel of ›ugu
g2 g949 hall be pro
e
e from bombarme
or a

ak from
he ea. ›r
24. úop
al hp u
le b ?a
o al „e Cro Soe
e b offall reog e relef oe
e or b prva
e pero  hall have
he ame pro
e
o a ml
ar hop
al hp a  cc1 c  c$ f
he Par

o
he o fl
o whh
he epe  ha gve
hem a offal ommo a   o far a
he provo  of ›r
le 22 o er  g o
fa
o have bee omple w
h. Vhee hp mu
be prove w
h er
fa
e from
he repo ble au
hor
e 
a
 g
ha

he veel have bee u er
her o
rol whle f

 g ou
a  o epar
ure. ›r
28. Shoul fgh
 g our o boar a warhp
he k-ba hall be repe
e a  pare a far a poble. 0"(  Y  Y.Y ++ Y#Y   Y+   Y    YY Y  Y  Y+
 Y  Y Y. Y   Y Y". ?ever
hele
he omma er 
o whoe power
he have falle ma af
er e ur g
he proper are of
he wou e a  k who are aommoa
e
here  appl
hem
o o
her purpoe  ae of urge
ml
ar ee
. ›r
29. 'c c c ccc $cc ccccc  ccc ?cccc c. ›r
30. Vhe veel erbe  ›r
le 22 24 25 a  27 hall affor relef a  a
a e
o
he wou e k a  hpwreke w
hou

 
o of a
o al
. Vhe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake o

o ue
hee veel for a  ml
ar purpoe. Suh veel hall  o we hamper
he moveme
 of
he omba
a
. Dur g a  af
er a e gageme

he wll a
a

her ow rk.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

›r
33. ¯erha
veel whh have bee
ra forme 
o hop
al hp a o
be pu

o a  o
her ue
hroughou

he ura
o of ho
l
e. ›r
35. Vhe follow g o 
o  hall o
be o ere a eprv g hop
al hp or k-ba of veel of
he pro
e
o ue
o
hem² (g) Vhe fa

ha

he rew of hp or k-ba are arme for
he ma
e a e of orer for
her ow efe e or
ha
of
he k a  wou e. (2) Vhe pree e o boar of appara
u exluvel 
e e
o fal
a
e avga
o or ommu a
o . (3) Vhe over o boar hop
al hp or  k-ba of por
able arm a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e k a  hpwreke a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve. (4) Vhe fa

ha

he huma 
ara a
v
e of hop
al hp a  k-ba of veel or of
he rew ex
e 
o
he are of wou e k or hpwreke vla . (5) Vhe
ra por
of equpme
a  of pero el 
e e exluvel for meal u
e over a  above
he ormal requreme
. c cY4/c c ›r
36. Vhe relgou meal a  hop
al pero el of hop
al hp a 
her rew cc$cc$;
he ma o
be ap
ure ur g
he
me
he are 
he erve of
he hop
al hp whe
her or o

here are wou e a  k o boar.

c4/c# $c c(ver mlar
o meal la 
ra por
) ›r
38. Shp har
ere for
ha
purpoe hall be au
hore
o
ra por
equpme
exluvel 
e e for
he
rea
me
of wou e a  k member of arme fore or for
he preve
o of eae prove
ha

he par
ular regar g
her voage have bee o
fe
o
he avere Power a  approve b
he la

er. Vhe avere Power hall preerve
he rgh

o boar
he arrer hp bu
o

o ap
ure
hem or ee
he equpme
arre. B agreeme
amo g

he Par
e
o
he o fl
 eu
ral oberver ma be plae o boar uh hp
o verf
he equpme
arre. For
h purpoe free ae
o
he equpme
hall be gve . c4Y/c c%  $ c"  c5 cc 8c ›r
4g. U er
he re
o of
he ompe
e
ml
ar au
hor

he emblem of
he re ro o a wh
e grou  hall be plae o
he flag armle
 a  o c0  c c cc# $c . $/c ?ever
hele 
he ae of ou
re whh alrea ue a emblem  plae of
he re ro
he re ree
or
he re lo a  u o a wh
e grou 
hee emblem are alo reog e b
he
erm of
he pree
Co ve
o . c4YYY/c cc'ccY$ c5 8c ›r
50. Vhe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake
o e a
a  legla
o eear
o prove effe
ve pe al a 
o  for pero  omm

 g or orer g
o be omm

e a  of
he grave breahe of
he pree
Co ve
o ef e 
he follow g ›r
le. Eah úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall be u er
he oblga
o
o earh for pero  allege
o have omm

e or
o have orere
o be omm

e uh grave breahe a  hall br g uh pero  regarle of
her a
o al
 before 
 ow our
. Y
ma alo f 
prefer a   aora e w
h
he provo  of 
 ow legla
o  ha  uh pero  over for
ral
o a o
her úgh Co
ra
 g Par


Page g*) of g *

o er e prove uh úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 ha mae ou
a prma fae ae. Eah úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall
ake meaure eear for
he uppreo of all a
 o
rar
o
he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o o
her
ha
he grave breahe ef e 
he follow g ›r
le. Y all rum
a e
he aue pero  hall be ef
b afeguar of proper
ral a  efe e whh hall o
be le favourable
ha
hoe prove b ›r
le g05 a 
hoe follow g of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of ›ugu
g2 g949. ›r
5g. c$
o whh
he pree g ›r
le rela
e hall be
hoe  volv g a  of
he follow g a
 f omm

e aga 
pero  or proper
 pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o ² wlful kll g
or
ure or  huma
rea
me
  lu g bologal experme
 wlfull au g grea
uffer g or erou  jur
o bo or heal
h a  ex
e ve e
ru
o a  appropra
o of proper
 o
ju
fe b ml
ar ee
 a  arre ou
u lawfull a  wa
o l.

c  c c  c5YYY8c ccc  cc  cc(/c ,cg)c'cg++/c ›r
2. Y a
o
o
he provo  whh hall be mpleme
e  peae
me
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o all ae of elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl
whh ma are be
wee
wo or more of
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he 
a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem. Vhe Co ve
o hall alo appl
o all ae of par
al or
o
al oupa
o of
he
err
or of a úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f
he a oupa
o mee
 w
h o arme re
a e. ›l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par

o
he pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof. ›r
3. Y
he ae of arme o fl
o
of a 
er a
o al hara
er ourr g 
he
err
or of o e of
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e eah Par

o
he o fl
hall be bou 
o appl a a 

 
he follow g provo ² (g) Pero 
ak g o a
ve par

he ho
l
e  lu g member of arme fore who have la ow
her arm a 
hoe plae hor e omba
b k e wou  e
e
o  or a  o
her aue hall  all rum
a e be
rea
e huma el w
hou
a  avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour relgo or fa
h ex br
h or weal
h or a  o
her mlar r
era. Vo
h e 
he follow g a
 are a  hall rema prohb
e a
a 
me a   a  plae wha
oever w
h repe

o
he above-me
o e pero ² (a) vole e
o lfe a  pero   par
ular murer of all k  mu
la
o  ruel
rea
me
a 
or
ure; (b)
ak g of ho
age; () ou
rage upo pero al g 
  par
ular humla
 g a  egra g
rea
me
; ()
he pa g of e
e e a 
he arr g ou
of exeu
o  w
hou
prevou jugme
pro ou e b a regularl o 

u
e our
affor g all
he jual guara
ee whh are reog e a  pe able b vle people. (2) Vhe wou e a  k hall be olle
e a  are for.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

› mpar
al huma 
ara bo uh a
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro ma offer 
 erve
o
he Par
e
o
he o fl
. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
houl fur
her e eavour
o br g 
o fore b mea  of peal agreeme
 all or par
of
he o
her provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe appla
o of
he pree g provo  hall o
affe

he legal 
a
u of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
. %"Y Y Y- c-c -(c ›r
4. ›.  cc 
he e e of
he pree
Co ve
o  are pero  belo g g
o o e of
he follow g a
egore who have falle 
o
he power of
he e em² (g) ¯ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
 a well a member of ml
a or volu
eer orp form g par
of uh arme fore. (2) ¯ember of o
her ml
a a  member of o
her volu
eer orp  lu g
hoe of orga e re
a e moveme
 belo g g
o a Par

o
he o fl
a  opera
 g  or ou
e
her ow
err
or eve f
h
err
or  oupe prove
ha
uh ml
a or volu
eer orp  lu g uh orga e re
a e moveme
 fulfl
he follow g o 
o ² (a)
ha
of be g omma e b a pero repo ble for h ubor a
e; (b)
ha
of hav g a fxe 
 
ve g reog able a
a 
a e; ()
ha
of arr g arm ope l; ()
ha
of o u
 g
her opera
o   aora e w
h
he law a  u
om of war. (3) ¯ember of regular arme fore who profe allega e
o a gover me
or a au
hor
 o
reog e b
he De
a  g Power. (4) Pero  who aompa 
he arme fore w
hou
a
uall be g member
hereof uh a vla member of ml
ar arraf
rew war orrepo e
 uppl o
ra
or member of labour u 
 or of erve repo ble for
he welfare of
he arme fore prove
ha

he have reeve au
hora
o  from
he arme fore whh
he aompa  who hall prove
hem for
ha
purpoe w
h a e

 ar mlar
o
he a exe moel. (5) ¯ember of rew  lu g ma
er plo
 a  appre
e of
he merha
mar e a 
he rew of vl arraf
of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
 who o o
be ef
b more favourable
rea
me
u er a  o
her provo  of 
er a
o al law. (6) Y hab
a
 of a o -oupe
err
or who o
he approah of
he e em po
a eoul
ake up arm
o re

he  va g fore w
hou
hav g ha
me
o form
hemelve 
o regular arme u 
 prove
he arr arm ope l a  repe

he law a  u
om of war. B. Vhe follow g hall lkewe be
rea
e a pro er of war u er
he pree
Co ve
o ² (g) Pero  belo g g or hav g belo ge
o
he arme fore of
he oupe ou
r f
he oup g Power o er 
eear b reao of uh allega e
o 
er
hem eve
hough 
ha org all lbera
e
hem whle ho
l
e were go g o ou
e
he
err
or 
oupe  par
ular where uh pero  have mae a u ueful a

emp

o rejo
he arme fore
o whh
he belo g a  whh are e gage  omba
 or where
he fal
o ompl w
h a ummo  mae
o
hem w
h a vew
o 
er me
.

Page g* of g *

(2) Vhe pero  belo g g
o o e of
he a
egore e umera
e 
he pree
›r
le who have bee reeve b eu
ral or o bellgere
Power o
her
err
or a  whom
hee Power are requre
o 
er u er 
er a
o al law w
hou
prejue
o a  more favourable
rea
me
whh
hee Power ma hooe
o gve a  w
h
he exep
o of ›r
le 8 g0 g5 30 ff
h paragraph 5867 92 g26 a  where ploma
 rela
o  ex
be
wee
he Par
e
o
he o fl
a 
he eu
ral or o -bellgere
Power o er e
hoe ›r
le o er  g
he Pro
e
 g Power. Where uh ploma
 rela
o  ex

he Par
e
o a o fl
o whom
hee pero  epe  hall be allowe
o perform
owar
hem
he fu 
o  of a Pro
e
 g Power a prove 
he pree
Co ve
o  w
hou
prejue
o
he fu 
o  whh
hee Par
e ormall exere  o form
 w
h ploma
 a  o ular uage a 
rea
e. C. Vh ›r
le hall  o wa affe

he 
a
u of meal pero a  hapla  a prove for  ›r
le 33 of
he pree
Co ve
o .

el

›r
5. Vhe pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o
he pero  referre
o  ›r
le 4 from
he
me
he fall 
o
he power of
he e em a  u
l
her f al releae a  repa
ra
o . Shoul a  oub
are a
o whe
her pero  hav g omm

e a bellgere
a
a  hav g falle 
o
he ha  of
he e em belo g
o a  of
he a
egore e umera
e  ›r
le 4 uh pero  hall e jo
he pro
e
o of
he pree
Co ve
o u
l uh
me a
her 
a
u ha bee e
erm e b a ompe
e

rbu al. ›r
7. Pro er of war ma  o rum
a e re ou e  par
or  e
re

he rgh
 eure
o
hem b
he pree
Co ve
o  a  b
he peal agreeme
 referre
o 
he forego g ›r
le f uh
here be. cYY/c c $ cc  cc(c ›r
g2. Pro er of war are 
he ha  of
he e em Power bu
o
of
he  vual or ml
ar u 
 who have ap
ure
hem. Yrrepe
ve of
he  vual repo bl
e
ha
ma ex

he De
a  g Power  repo ble for
he
rea
me
gve
hem. Pro er of war ma o l be
ra ferre b
he De
a  g Power
o a Power whh  a par

o
he Co ve
o a  af
er
he De
a  g Power ha a
fe 
elf of
he wll g e a  abl
 of uh
ra feree Power
o appl
he Co ve
o . Whe pro er of war are
ra ferre u er uh rum
a e repo bl
 for
he appla
o of
he Co ve
o re
 o
he Power aep
 g
hem whle
he are  
 u
o. ?ever
hele f
ha
Power fal
o arr ou

he provo  of
he Co ve
o  a  mpor
a
repe

he Power b whom
he pro er of war were
ra ferre hall upo be g o
fe b
he Pro
e
 g Power
ake effe
ve meaure
o orre

he 
ua
o or hall reque

he re
ur of
he pro er of war. Suh reque
 mu
be omple w
h. ›r
g3.  ccc ccc

cc c. %  + +    YÝY 
 Y 
Y   Y + Y
Y 
 YY+   Y         Y++Y Y
 YY  Y  Y YY  Y . Y par
ular o pro er of war ma be ubje
e
o phal mu
la
o or
o meal or e
f experme
 of a  k  whh are o
ju
fe b
he meal e
al or hop
al
rea
me
of
he pro er o er e a  arre ou
 h 
ere
. Lkewe pro er of war mu
a
all
me be pro
e
e par
ularl aga 
a
 of vole e or 
ma
o a  aga 
 ul
 a  publ uro
.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

#cc c c cccc   /c ›r
g4. Pro er of war are e

le  all rum
a e
o repe
for
her pero  a 
her ho our. Wome hall be
rea
e w
h all
he regar ue
o
her ex a  hall  all ae be ef
b
rea
me
a favourable a
ha
gra
e
o me . Pro er of war hall  ccc$  c$$  whh
he e joe a

he
me of
her ap
ure. Vhe De
a  g Power ma o
re
r

he exere e
her w
h or w
hou

 ow
err
or of
he rgh
 uh apa
 o fer exep
 o far a
he ap
v
 requre. ›r
g5. Vhe Power e
a  g pro er of war hall be bou 
o prove free of harge for
her ma
e a e a  for
he meal a

e
o requre b
her 
a
e of heal
h. cYYY/c  c .$ cg/c
  cc  c ›r
g7. Ever pro er of war whe que
o e o
he ubje
  bou 
o gve o l h ur ame fr
ame a  ra k a
e of br
h a  arm regme
al pero al or eral umber or fal g
h equvale
 forma
o . Yf he wlfull  fr ge
h rule he ma re er hmelf lable
o a re
r
o of
he prvlege aore
o h ra k or 
a
u. Eah Par

o a o fl
 requre
o fur h
he pero  u er 
 jur
o who are lable
o beome pro er of war w
h a e

 ar how g
he ow er' ur ame fr
ame ra k arm regme
al pero al or eral umber or equvale
 forma
o  a  a
e of br
h. Vhe e

 ar ma fur
hermore bear
he g a
ure or
he f gerpr
 or bo
h of
he ow er a  ma bear a well a  o
her  forma
o
he Par

o
he o fl
ma wh
o a o er  g pero  belo g g
o 
 arme fore. › far a poble
he ar hall meaure 6.5 x g0 m. a  hall be ue  upla
e. Vhe e

 ar hall be how b
he pro er of war upo ema  bu
ma  o ae be
ake awa from hm. ! + Y +   Y   Y     Y  Y + Y Y    Y Y  Y      " YY  Y    Y Y  Y   Y  Y YY+ Y YY +Y    
Y Y Y   " Pro er of war who ow g
o
her phal or me
al o 
o  are u able
o 
a
e
her e

 hall be ha e over
o
he meal erve. Vhe e

 of uh pro er hall be e
ablhe b all poble mea  ubje

o
he provo  of
he pree g paragraph. Vhe que
o  g of pro er of war hall be arre ou
 a la guage whh
he u er
a . ›r
g8. ›ll effe
 a  ar
le of pero al ue exep
arm hore ml
ar equpme
a  ml
ar oume
 hall rema 
he poeo of pro er of war lkewe
her me
al helme
 a  ga mak a  lke ar
le ue for pero al pro
e
o . Effe
 a  ar
le ue for
her lo
h g or fee g hall lkewe rema 
her poeo  eve f uh effe
 a  ar
le belo g
o
her regula
o ml
ar equpme
. ›
o
me houl pro er of war be w
hou
e

 oume
. Vhe De
a  g Power hall uppl uh oume

o pro er of war who poe o e. Bage of ra k a  a
o al
 eora
o  a  ar
le hav g above all a pero al or e
me
al value ma o
be
ake from pro er of war.

Page g* of g *

Sum of mo e arre b pro er of war ma o
be
ake awa from
hem exep
b orer of a offer a  af
er
he amou
a  par
ular of
he ow er have bee reore  a peal reg
er a  a 
eme reep
ha bee gve  legbl  rbe w
h
he ame ra k a  u 
of
he pero u g
he a reep
. Sum 
he urre  of
he De
a  g Power or whh are ha ge 
o uh urre  a

he pro er' reque
 hall be plae
o
he re
of
he pro er' aou
a prove  ›r
le 64. Vhe De
a  g Power ma w
hraw ar
le of value from pro er of war o l for reao  of eur
; whe uh ar
le are w
hraw 
he proeure la ow for um of mo e mpou e hall appl. Suh obje
 lkewe um
ake awa  a  urre  o
her
ha
ha
of
he De
a  g Power a 
he o vero of whh ha o
bee ake for b
he ow er hall be kep

he u
o of
he De
a  g Power a  hall be re
ur e 
her  
al hape
o pro er of war a

he e  of
her ap
v
. ›r
g9. Pro er of war hall be evaua
e a oo a poble af
er
her ap
ure
o amp 
ua
e  a area far e ough from
he omba
o e for
hem
o be ou
of a ger. O l
hoe pro er of war who ow g
o wou  or k e woul ru grea
er rk b be g evaua
e
ha b rema  g where
he are ma be
emporarl kep
bak  a a ger o e. Pro er of war hall o
be u eearl expoe
o a ger whle awa
 g evaua
o from a fgh
 g o e. .$ cYY/cY cc  cc(c cY/c c- c ›r
2g. Vhe De
a  g Power ma ubje
pro er of war
o 
er me
. Y
ma mpoe o
hem
he oblga
o of o
leav g beo  er
a lm

he amp where
he are 
er e or f
he a amp  fe e   of o
go g ou
e 
 perme
er. Subje

o
he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o rela
ve
o pe al a  pl ar a 
o  pro er of war ma o
be hel  loe o f eme
exep
where eear
o afeguar
her heal
h a 
he o l ur g
he o
 ua
o of
he rum
a e whh make uh o f eme
eear. Pro er of war ma be par
all or wholl releae o parole or prome  o far a  allowe b
he law of
he Power o whh
he epe . Suh meaure hall be
ake par
ularl  ae where
h ma o
rbu
e
o
he mproveme
of
her 
a
e of heal
h. ?o pro er of war hall be ompelle
o aep
lber
 o parole or prome. Upo
he ou
break of ho
l
e eah Par

o
he o fl
hall o
f
he avere Par
 of
he law a  regula
o  allow g or forb g 
 ow a
o al
o aep
lber
 o parole or prome. Pro er of war who are parole or who have gve
her prome  o form
 w
h
he law a  regula
o  o o
fe are bou  o
her pero al ho our rupuloul
o fulfl bo
h
owar
he Power o whh
he epe  a 
owar
he Power whh ha ap
ure
hem
he e gageme
 of
her parole or prome. Y uh ae
he Power o whh
he epe   bou  e
her
o requre or
o aep
from
hem a  erve  ompa
ble w
h
he parole or prome gve . ›r
22. Pro er of war ma be 
er e o l  preme loa
e o la  a  affor g ever guara
ee of hge e a  heal
hful e. Exep
 par
ular ae whh are ju
fe b
he 
ere
of
he pro er
hemelve
he hall o
be 
er e  pe 
e
are.

Y    Y YY+   Y Y Y Y + Y#    Y++Y YY+Y   Y  +Y+ Y


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Vhe De
a  g Power hall aemble pro er of war  amp or amp ompou  aor g
o
her a
o al
 la guage a  u
om prove
ha
uh pro er hall o
be epara
e from pro er of war belo g g
o
he arme fore w
h whh
he were erv g a

he
me of
her ap
ure exep
w
h
her o e
. cYY/cJ,ccc cc  cc(c ›r
25. Pro er of war hall be quar
ere u er o 
o  a favourable a
hoe for
he fore of
he De
a  g Power who are blle
e 
he ame area. Vhe a o 
o  hall make allowa e for
he hab
 a  u
om of
he pro er a  hall  o ae be prejual
o
her heal
h. Vhe forego g provo  hall appl  par
ular
o
he orm
ore of pro er of war a regar bo
h
o
al urfae a  m mum ub pae a 
he ge eral  
alla
o  be g a  bla ke
. Vhe preme prove for
he ue of pro er of war  vuall or olle
vel hall be e
rel pro
e
e from amp e a  aequa
el hea
e a  lgh
e  par
ular be
wee uk a  lgh
 ou
. ›ll preau
o  mu
be
ake aga 

he a ger of fre. Y a  amp  whh wome pro er of war a well a me  are aommoa
e epara
e orm
ore hall be prove for
hem. ›r
26. Vhe ba al foo ra
o  hall be uffe
 qua

 qual
 a  vare

o keep pro er of war  goo heal
h a 
o preve
lo of wegh
or
he evelopme
of u
r
o al efe e. ›ou
hall alo be
ake of
he hab
ual e
of
he pro er. Vhe De
a  g Power hall uppl pro er of war who work w
h uh a
o al ra
o  a are eear for
he labour o whh
he are emploe. Suffe
r k g wa
er hall be upple
o pro er of war. ccc$$ccc /c Pro er of war hall a far a poble be aoa
e w
h
he prepara
o of
her meal;
he ma be emploe for
ha
purpoe 
he k
he . Fur
hermore
he hall be gve
he mea  of prepar g
hemelve
he a
o al foo 
her poeo . ›equa
e preme hall be prove for me g. $ c $  c c$ ccc   . ›r
27. Clo
h g u erwear a  foo
wear hall be upple
o pro er of war  uffe
qua

e b
he De
a  g Power whh hall make allowa e for
he lma
e of
he rego where
he pro er are e
a e. U form of e em arme fore ap
ure b
he De
a  g Power houl f u
able for
he lma
e be mae avalable
o lo
he pro er of war. Vhe regular replaeme
a  repar of
he above ar
le hall be aure b
he De
a  g Power. Y a
o  pro er of war who work hall reeve appropra
e lo
h g wherever
he a
ure of
he work ema . cYYY/c>cc# $c' c ›r
29. Vhe De
a  g Power hall be bou 
o
ake all a 
ar meaure eear
o e ure
he lea l e a  heal
hful e of amp a 
o preve
epem. Pro er of war hall have for
her ue a a  gh
 o ve e e whh o form
o
he rule of hge e a  are ma
a e  a o 
a

a
e of lea l e. Y a  amp  whh wome pro er of war are aommoa
e epara
e o ve e e hall be prove for
hem.

Page g*2 of g *

›lo apar
from
he ba
h a  hower w
h whh
he amp hall be fur he pro er of war hall be prove w
h uffe
wa
er a  oap for
her pero al
ole
a  for wah g
her pero al lau r;
he eear  
alla
o  fal
e a 
me hall be gra
e
hem for
ha
purpoe. ›r
30. Ever amp hall have a 0c    where pro er of war ma have
he a

e
o
he requre a well a appropra
e e
. Yola
o war hall f eear be e
ae for ae of o
agou or me
al eae. Pro er of war uffer g from erou eae or whoe o 
o ee
a
e peal
rea
me
 a urgal opera
o or hop
al are mu
be am

e
o a  ml
ar or vla meal u 
where uh
rea
me
a be gve  eve f
her repa
ra
o  o
empla
e 
he ear fu
ure. Speal fal
e hall be affore for
he are
o be gve
o
he able  par
ular
o
he bl  a  for
her. rehabl
a
o  pe  g repa
ra
o . Pro er of war hall have
he a

e
o  preferabl of meal pero el of
he Power o whh
he epe  a  f poble of
her a
o al
. Pro er of war ma o
be preve
e from pree
 g
hemelve
o
he meal au
hor
e for exam a
o . Vhe e
a  g au
hor
e hall upo reque
 ue
o ever pro er who ha u ergo e
rea
me
 a offal er
fa
e  a
 g
he a
ure of h ll e or  jur a 
he ura
o a  k  of
rea
me
reeve. › upla
e of
h er
fa
e hall be forware
o
he Ce
ral Pro er of War ›ge . Vhe o
 of
rea
me
  lu g
hoe of a  appara
u eear for
he ma
e a e of pro er of war  goo heal
h par
ularl e
ure a  o
her ar
fal appla e a  pe
ale hall be bor e b
he De
a  g Power. c4Y/c% $  c ›r
39. Ever pro er of war amp hall be pu
u er
he mmea
e au
hor
 of a repo ble ommo e offer belo g g
o
he regular arme fore of
he De
a  g Power. .$c $ccc

c c cc$cccc Ecccc c c  ccccc$ cccccc cc ,ccc $ cc c ,cc c  $ /c Pro er of war w
h
he exep
o of offer mu
alu
e a  how
o all offer of
he De
a  g Power
he ex
er al mark of repe
prove for b
he regula
o  appl g 
her ow fore. Offer pro er of war are bou 
o alu
e o l offer of a hgher ra k of
he De
a  g Power;
he mu
 however alu
e
he amp omma er regarle of h ra k. ›r
42. VYY Y
  Y   YY++  
  Y YY
  Y 
 YY++    YY YYY Y+++ Y YYY   
   Y  Y  Y. .$ cYYY/ccc  cc(c ›r
49. Vhe De
a  g Power ma u
le
he labour of pro er of war who are phall f

ak g 
o aou

her age ex ra k a  phal ap

ue a  w
h a vew par
ularl
o ma
a  g
hem  a goo 
a
e of phal a  me
al heal
h. ?o -ommo e offer who are pro er of war hall o l be requre
o o upervor work. Vhoe o
o requre ma ak for o
her u
able work whh hall o far a poble be fou  for
hem.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Yf offer or pero  of equvale

a
u ak for u
able work 
hall be fou  for
hem o far a poble bu

he ma  o rum
a e be ompelle
o work. ›r
50. Bee work o e
e w
h amp am 
ra
o   
alla
o or ma
e a e pro er of war ma be ompelle
o o o l uh work a   lue 
he follow g lae² (a) agrul
ure; (b)  u
re o e
e w
h
he prou
o or
he ex
ra
o of raw ma
eral a  ma ufa
ur g  u
re w
h
he exep
o of me
allurgal mah er a  hemal  u
re; publ work a  bul g opera
o  whh have o ml
ar hara
er or purpoe; ()
ra por
a  ha l g of 
ore whh are o
ml
ar  hara
er or purpoe; () ommeral bu e a  ar
 a  raf
; (e) ome
 erve; (f) publ u
l
 erve hav g o ml
ar hara
er or purpoe. Shoul
he above provo  be  fr ge pro er of war hall be allowe
o exere
her rgh
of ompla
  o form
 w
h ›r
le 78. 'c2)/c&cccc,cc ccc cc  ccc $c cccccc/c ?o pro er of war hall be ag e
o labour whh woul be looke upo a humla
 g for a member of
he De
a  g Power' ow fore. Vhe removal of m e or mlar eve hall be o ere a a gerou labour. .$ c4/c cc  cc(c( cc"1 c ›r
69. Ymmea
el upo pro er of war fall g 
o 
 power
he De
a  g Power hall  form
hem a 
he Power o whh
he epe 
hrough
he Pro
e
 g Power of
he meaure
ake
o arr ou

he provo  of
he pree
Se
o . Vhe hall lkewe  form
he par
e o er e of a  ubeque
mofa
o  of uh meaure. ›r
70. Ymmea
el upo ap
ure or o
more
ha o e week af
er arrval a
a amp eve f 
 a
ra 
amp lkewe  ae of k e or
ra fer
o hop
al or
o a o
her amp c c cccccc c $cc c ,cccc ,ccccc  cc(c'$c cc c ' $cg)  o
he o
her ha  a ar mlar f poble
o
he moel a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o   form g h rela
ve of h ap
ure are a  
a
e of heal
h. Vhe a ar hall be forware a rapl a poble a  ma o
be elae  a  ma er. ›r
7g.  ccccccccc$ cc c$. Yf
he De
a  g Power eem 
eear
o lm

he umber of le

er a  ar e
b eah pro er of war
he a umber hall o
be le
ha
wo le

er a  four ar mo
hl exluve of
he ap
ure ar prove for  ›r
le 70 a  o form g a loel a poble
o
he moel a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o . Fur
her lm
a
o  ma be mpoe o l f
he Pro
e
 g Power  a
fe
ha

woul be 
he 
ere
 of
he pro er of war o er e
o o o ow g
o fful
e of
ra la
o aue b
he De
a  g Power'  abl

o f  uffe
qualfe l gu

o arr ou

he eear e orhp. Yf lm
a
o  mu
be plae o
he orrepo e e aree
o pro er of war
he ma be orere o l b
he Power o whh
he pro er epe  pobl a

he reque
of
he De
a  g Power. Suh le

er a  ar mu
be o vee b
he mo
rap

Page g*3 of g *

me
ho a

he poal of
he De
a  g Power;
he ma o
be elae or re
a e for pl ar reao . Pro er of war who have bee w
hou
ew for a lo g pero or who are u able
o reeve ew from
her ex
of k or
o gve
hem ew b
he or ar po
al rou
e a well a
hoe who are a
a grea

a e from
her home hall be perm

e
o e 
elegram
he fee be g harge aga 

he pro er of war' aou
 w
h
he De
a  g Power or pa 
he urre  a

her poal. Vhe hall lkewe be ef
b
h meaure  ae of urge . › a ge eral rule
he orrepo e e of pro er of war hall be wr

e 
her a
ve la guage. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
ma allow orrepo e e  o
her la guage. Sak o
a  g pro er of war mal mu
be eurel eale a  labelle o a learl
o  a
e
her o
e
 a  mu
be aree
o offe of e
 a
o . .$ c4Y/c c
c  cc(ccc'  c cY/c  cc  cc(c$ cc   cc  c ›r
78 Pro er of war hall have
he rgh

o make k ow
o
he ml
ar au
hor
e  whoe power
he are
her reque
 regar g
he o 
o  of ap
v

o whh
he are ubje
e. Vhe hall alo have
he u re
r
e rgh

o appl
o
he repree
a
ve of
he Pro
e
 g Power e
her
hrough
her pro er' repree
a
ve or f
he o er 
eear re
  orer
o raw
her a

e
o
o a  po
 o whh
he ma have ompla

o make regar g
her o 
o  of ap
v
. Vhee reque
 a  ompla
 hall o
be lm
e or o ere
o be a par
of
he orrepo e e quo
a referre
o  ›r
le 7g. Vhe mu
be
ra m

e mmea
el. Eve f
he are reog e
o be u fou e
he ma o
gve re
o a  pu hme
. Pro er' repree
a
ve ma e  pero repor
 o
he 
ua
o 
he amp a 
he ee of
he pro er of war
o
he repree
a
ve of
he Pro
e
 g Power. cYY/c  cc(c c ›r
79. YY all plae where
here are pro er of war exep

hoe where
here are offer
he pro er hall freel ele
b ere
ballo
 ever x mo
h a  alo  ae of vaa e pro er' repree
a
ve e
ru
e w
h repree
 g
hem before
he ml
ar au
hor
e
he Pro
e
 g Power
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro a  a  o
her orga a
o whh ma a

hem. Vhee pro er' repree
a
ve hall be elgble for reele
o . Y amp for offer a  pero  of equvale

a
u or  mxe amp
he e or offer amo g
he pro er of war hall be reog e a
he amp pro er' repree
a
ve. Y amp for offer he hall be a
e b o e or more aver hoe b
he offer;  mxe amp h a
a
 hall be hoe from amo g
he pro er of war who are o
offer a  hall be ele
e b
hem. Offer pro er of war of
he ame a
o al
 hall be 
a
o e  labour amp for pro er of war for
he purpoe of arr g ou

he amp am 
ra
o u
e for whh
he pro er of war are repo ble. Vhee offer ma be ele
e a pro er' repree
a
ve u er
he fr
paragraph of
h ›r
le. Y uh a ae
he a
a

o
he pro er' repree
a
ve hall be hoe from amo g
hoe pro er of war who are o
offer. Ever repree
a
ve ele
e mu
be approve b
he De
a  g Power before he ha
he rgh

o omme e h u
e.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Where
he De
a  g Power refue
o approve a pro er of war ele
e b h fellow pro er of war 
mu
 form
he Pro
e
 g Power of
he reao for uh refual. Y all ae
he pro er' repree
a
ve mu
have
he ame a
o al
 la guage a  u
om a
he pro er of war whom he repree
. Vhu pro er of war 
rbu
e  ffere
e
o  of a amp aor g
o
her a
o al
 la guage or u
om hall have for eah e
o
her ow pro er' repree
a
ve  aora e w
h
he forego g paragraph. cYYY/c cc% $  c.$ c Y/c c   c ›r
82. › pro er of war hall be ubje

o
he law regula
o  a  orer  fore 
he arme fore of
he De
a  g Power; c %  c ccc  c c c $ cc $  c

c c$ccc$c$

ccc ccc  c$c,c cc. úowever o proee g or pu hme
 o
rar
o
he provo  of
h Chap
er hall be allowe. Yf a  law regula
o or orer of
he De
a  g Power hall elare a
 omm

e b a pro er of war
o be pu hable wherea
he ame a
 woul o
be pu hable f omm

e b a member of
he fore of
he De
a  g Power uh a
 hall e
al pl ar pu hme
 o l. c 'c
2/c  ccc$cccccc %  c cc$c$

c cc$cc ,c c c$ $,cc cccc /c YY/c% $  c.$ c ›r
89. Vhe pl ar pu hme
 applable
o pro er of war are
he follow g² (g) › f e whh hall o
exee 50 per e
of
he ava e of pa a  work g pa whh
he pro er of war woul o
herwe reeve u er
he provo  of ›r
le 60 a  62 ur g a pero of o
more
ha
hr
 a. (2) Do
 ua e of prvlege gra
e over a  above
he
rea
me
prove for b
he pree
Co ve
o . (3) Fa
gue u
e o
exee g
wo hour al. (4) Co f eme
. Vhe pu hme
referre
o u er (3) hall o
be apple
o offer. Ycc$cc $  c  cc  ,ccc ccccc cc/c ›r
9g. Vhe $ccc  of war hall be eeme
o have $$ whe ² (g) he ha jo e
he arme fore of
he Power o whh he epe  or
hoe of a alle Power; (2) he ha lef

he
err
or u er
he o
rol of
he De
a  g Power or of a all of
he a Power; (3) he ha jo e a hp fl g
he flag of
he Power o whh he epe  or of a alle Power 
he
err
oral wa
er of
he De
a  g Power
he a hp o
be g u er
he o
rol of
he la
ame Power. Pro er of war who have mae goo
her eape 
he e e of
h ›r
le a  who are reap
ure hall o
be lable
o a  pu hme
 repe
of
her prevou eape. ›r
92. › pro er of war who a

emp

o eape a   reap
ure before hav g mae goo h eape 
he e e of ›r
le 9g c c cccc $  c  c c$cc c$,c c c c ccc$.

Page g*J of g *

› pro er of war who  reap
ure hall be ha e over w
hou
ela
o
he ompe
e
ml
ar au
hor
. ›r
93. Eape or a

emp

o eape eve f 
 a repea
e offe e hall o
be eeme a aggrava
 g rum
a e f
he pro er of war  ubje
e
o
ral b jual proee g  repe
of a offe e omm

e ur g h eape or a

emp

o eape. Y o form
 w
h
he pr ple 
a
e  ›r
le 83 offe e omm

e b pro er of war w
h
he ole 
e
o of fal
a
 g
her eape a  whh o o
e
al a  vole e aga 
lfe or lmb uh a offe e aga 
publ proper

hef
w
hou

e
o of elf-e rhme

he raw g up or ue of fale paper or
he wear g of vla lo
h g hall oao pl ar pu hme
o l. Pro er of war who a or abe
a eape or a a

emp

o eape hall be lable o
h ou

o pl ar pu hme
o l. YYY/c!  $ c $ c ›r
99. ?o pro er of war ma be
re or e
e e for a a
whh  o
forbe b
he law of
he De
a  g Power or b 
er a
o al law  fore a

he
me
he a a
wa omm

e. ?o moral or phal oero ma be exer
e o a pro er of war  orer
o  ue hm
o am
hmelf gul
 of
he a
of whh he  aue. ?o pro er of war ma be o v
e w
hou
hav g ha a oppor
u 

o pree
h efe e a 
he a
a e of a qualfe avoa
e or ou el. ›r
g00. Pro er of war a 
he Pro
e
 g Power hall be  forme a oo a poble of
he offe e whh are pu hable b
he ea
h e
e e u er
he law of
he De
a  g Power. O
her offe e hall o

hereaf
er be mae pu hable b
he ea
h pe al
 w
hou

he o urre e of
he Power o whh
he pro er of war epe . Vhe ea
h e
e e a o
be pro ou e o a pro er of war u le
he a

e
o of
he our
ha  aora e w
h ›r
le 87 eo  paragraph bee par
ularl alle
o
he fa

ha
 e
he aue  o
a a
o al of
he De
a  g Power he  o
bou 
o 
b a  u
 of allega e a 
ha
he   
 power a
he reul
of rum
a e  epe e
of h ow wll. ›r
g0g. Yf
he ea
h pe al
  pro ou e o a pro er of war
he e
e e hall o
be exeu
e before
he expra
o of a pero of a
lea
x mo
h from
he a
e whe
he Pro
e
 g Power reeve a
a  a
e are
he e
ale ommu a
o prove for  ›r
le g07. ›r
g02. % Y   Y++ Y YY+   Y Y YYYY Y  YY  
  Y Y Y Y YY YY   Y Y  Y  Y ÝY 
 Y    Y  Y Y   Y YY   Y YYYY Y. ›r
g05VY Y   ++YY  +Y  Y Y   Y  Y Y YY .+ Y Y Y+  Y  Y++
  YY YYY YY   YY Y Y Y  Y  Y Y Y++Y Y  YY 
   YÝY 
 Y Y YY  Y Y + Fal g a hoe b
he pro er of war
he Pro
e
 g Power hall f  hm a avoa
e or ou el a  hall have a
lea
o e week a

 poal for
he purpoe. Vhe De
a  g Power hall elver
o
he a Power o reque
 a l
of pero  qualfe
o pree

he efe e. Fal g a hoe of a avoa
e or ou el b


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬


he pro er of war or
he Pro
e
 g Power
he De
a  g Power hall appo
a ompe
e
avoa
e or ou el
o o u

he efe e. Vhe avoa
e or ou el o u
 g
he efe e o behalf of
he pro er of war hall have a
h poal a pero of
wo week a
lea
before
he ope  g of
he
ral a well a
he eear fal
e
o prepare
he efe e of
he aue. úe ma  par
ular freel v

he aue a  
ervew hm  prva
e. úe ma alo o fer w
h a  w
ee for
he efe e  lu g pro er of war. úe hall have
he be ef
of
hee fal
e u
l
he
erm of appeal or pe

o ha expre. Par
ular of
he harge or harge o whh
he pro er of war 
o be arrag e a well a
he oume
 whh are ge erall ommu a
e
o
he aue b vr
ue of
he law  fore 
he arme fore of
he De
a  g Power hall be ommu a
e
o
he aue pro er of war  a la guage whh he u er
a  a   goo
me before
he ope  g of
he
ral. Vhe ame ommu a
o 
he ame rum
a e hall be mae
o
he avoa
e or ou el o u
 g
he efe e o behalf of
he pro er of war. Vhe repree
a
ve of
he Pro
e
 g Power hall be e

le
o a

e 
he
ral of
he ae u le exep
o all
h  hel  amera 
he 
ere
of S
a
e eur
. Y uh a ae
he De
a  g Power hall ave
he Pro
e
 g Power aor gl. ›r
g06. Ever pro er of war hall have 
he ame ma er a
he member of
he arme fore of
he De
a  g Power
he  cc cc   from a  e
e e pro ou e upo hm w
h a vew
o
he quah g or rev g of
he e
e e or
he reope  g of
he
ral. úe hall be full  forme of h rgh

o appeal or pe

o a  of
he
me lm
w
h whh he ma o o. cY4/c   cc  c .$ cY/c% $c  cc'$$

 c c c  c ›r
g09. Subje

o
he provo  of
he
hr paragraph of
h ›r
le  Y  Y +  Y Y"  Y    Y
 +Y Y   "Y + Y Y + " Y    Y 
 Y   Y + Y   Y    Y+ Y  Y    
  Y

++
% +Y. Vhroughou

he ura
o of ho
l
e Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e eavour w
h
he oopera
o of
he eu
ral Power o er e
o make arra geme
 for
he aommoa
o  eu
ral ou
re of
he k a  wou e pro er of war referre
o 
he eo  paragraph of
he follow g ›r
le. Vhe ma  a
o  o lue agreeme
 w
h a vew
o
he re
repa
ra
o or 
er me
 a eu
ral ou
r of able-boe pro er of war who have u ergo e a lo g pero of ap
v
. ?o k or  jure pro er of war who  elgble for repa
ra
o u er
he fr
paragraph of
h ›r
le ma be repa
ra
e aga 
h wll ur g ho
l
e. ›r
gg0. Vhe follow g hall be   re
² (g) Y urabl wou e a  k whoe me
al or phal f
e eem
o have bee gravel m he. (2) Wou e a  k who aor g
o meal op o  are o
lkel
o reover w
h o e ear whoe o 
o requre
rea
me
a  whoe me
al or phal f
e eem
o have bee gravel m he. (3) Wou e a  k who have reovere bu
whoe me
al or phal f
e eem
o have bee gravel a  perma e
l m he. Vhe follow g ma be aommoa
e  a eu
ral ou
r²

Page g*
of g *

(g) Wou e a  k whoe reover ma be expe
e w
h o e ear of
he a
e of
he wou  or
he beg  g of
he ll e f
rea
me
 a eu
ral ou
r mgh
 reae
he prope
 of a more er
a a  pee reover. (2) Pro er of war whoe me
al or phal heal
h aor g
o meal op o   eroul
hrea
e e b o
 ue ap
v
 bu
whoe aommoa
o  a eu
ral ou
r mgh
remove uh a
hrea
. Vhe o 
o  whh pro er of war aommoa
e  a eu
ral ou
r mu
fulfl  orer
o perm

her repa
ra
o hall be fxe a hall lkewe
her 
a
u b agreeme
be
wee
he Power o er e. Y ge eral pro er of war who have bee aommoa
e  a eu
ral ou
r a  who belo g
o
he follow g a
egore houl be repa
ra
e² (g) Vhoe whoe 
a
e of heal
h ha e
erora
e o a
o fulfl
he o 
o la ow for re
repa
ra
o ; (2) Vhoe whoe me
al or phal power rema  eve af
er
rea
me
 o erabl mpare. Yf o peal agreeme
 are o lue be
wee
he Par
e
o
he o fl
o er e
o e
erm e
he ae of ableme
or k e e
al g re
repa
ra
o or aommoa
o  a eu
ral ou
r uh ae hall be e

le  aora e w
h
he pr ple la ow 
he ¯oel ›greeme
o er  g re
repa
ra
o a  aommoa
o  eu
ral ou
re of wou e a  k pro er of war a  
he „egula
o  o er  g ¯xe ¯eal Commo  a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o . .$ cYY/ccc  cc  cc(ccc cc>   cc ›r
gg8/c  ccccccc c c ccc$ cc$ c   /c Y
he abe e of 
pula
o 
o
he above effe
 a  agreeme
o lue be
wee
he Par
e
o
he o fl
w
h a vew
o
he ea
o of ho
l
e or fal g a  uh agreeme
 eah of
he De
a  g Power hall 
elf e
ablh a  exeu
e w
hou
ela a pla of repa
ra
o  o form
 w
h
he pr ple la ow 
he forego g paragraph. Y e
her ae
he meaure aop
e hall be brough

o
he k owlege of
he pro er of war. Vhe o
 of repa
ra
o of pro er of war hall  all ae be equ
abl appor
o e be
wee
he De
a  g Power a 
he Power o whh
he pro er epe . Vh appor
o me
hall be arre ou
o
he follow g ba² (a) Yf
he
wo Power are o
guou
he Power o whh
he pro er of war epe  hall bear
he o
 of repa
ra
o from
he fro
er of
he De
a  g Power. (b) Yf
he
wo Power are o
o
guou
he De
a  g Power hall bear
he o
 of
ra por
of pro er of war over 
 ow
err
or a far a 
 fro
er or 
 por
of embarka
o eare

o
he
err
or of
he Power o whh
he pro er of war epe . Vhe Par
e o er e hall agree be
wee
hemelve a
o
he equ
able appor
o me
of
he rema  g o
 of
he repa
ra
o . Vhe o luo of
h agreeme
hall  o rum
a e ju
f a  ela 
he repa
ra
o of
he pro er of war. .$ cYYY/c%cc  cc(c ›r
g20. Wll of pro er of war hall be raw up o a
o a
f
he o 
o  of val
 requre b
he legla
o of
her ou
r of org  whh wll
ake 
ep
o  form
he De
a  g Power of 
 requreme
 
h repe
. ›

he reque
of
he pro er of war a   all ae af
er ea
h
he wll hall be
ra m

e w
hou



c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

ela
o
he Pro
e
 g Power; a er
fe op hall be e

o
he Ce
ral ›ge . Dea
h er
fa
e 
he form a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o  or l
 er
fe b a repo ble offer of all pero  who e a pro er of war hall be forware a rapl a poble
o
he Pro er of War Y forma
o Bureau e
ablhe  aora e w
h ›r
le g22. Vhe ea
h er
fa
e or er
fe l
 hall how par
ular of e

 a e
ou

he
hr paragraph of ›r
le g7 a  alo
he a
e a  plae of ea
h
he aue of ea
h
he a
e a  plae of bural a  all par
ular eear
o e
f
he grave. Vhe bural or rema
o of a pro er of war hall be preee b a meal exam a
o of
he bo w
h a vew
o o frm g ea
h a  e abl g a repor

o be mae a  where eear e
ablh g e

. Vhe e
a  g au
hor
e hall e ure
ha
pro er of war who have e  ap
v
 are ho ourabl bure f poble aor g
o
he r
e of
he relgo
o whh
he belo ge a 
ha

her grave are repe
e u
abl ma
a e a  marke o a
o be fou  a
a 
me. Wherever poble eeae pro er of war who epe e o
he ame Power hall be 
erre 
he ame plae. Deeae pro er of war hall be bure   vual grave u le u avoable rum
a e requre
he ue of olle
ve grave. Boe ma be rema
e o l for mpera
ve reao  of hge e o aou
of
he relgo of
he eeae or  aora e w
h h expre wh
o
h effe
. Y ae of rema
o 
he fa
hall be 
a
e a 
he reao  gve 
he ea
h er
fa
e of
he eeae. Y orer
ha
grave ma alwa be fou  all par
ular of bural a  grave hall be reore w
h a Grave „eg
ra
o Serve e
ablhe b
he De
a  g Power. L
 of grave a  par
ular of
he pro er of war 
erre  eme
ere a  elewhere hall be
ra m

e
o
he Power o whh uh pro er of war epe e. „epo bl
 for
he are of
hee grave a  for reor of a  ubeque
move of
he boe hall re
o
he Power o
roll g
he
err
or f a Par

o
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhee provo  hall alo appl
o
he ahe whh hall be kep
b
he Grave „eg
ra
o Serve u
l proper poal
hereof  aora e w
h
he whe of
he home ou
r. ' c4/cY  c
1cc c.$  cc  cc (c ›r
g23. 'cc  cc(cY  c'$ hall be rea
e  a eu
ral ou
r. Vhe Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro hall f 
eem eear propoe
o
he Power o er e
he orga a
o of uh a ›ge . Vhe fu 
o of
he ›ge  hall be
o olle
all
he  forma
o 
ma ob
a
hrough offal or prva
e ha el repe
 g pro er of war a 
o
ra m

a rapl a poble
o
he ou
r of org of
he pro er of war or
o
he Power o whh
he epe . Y
hall reeve from
he Par
e
o
he o fl
all fal
e for effe
 g uh
ra mo . Vhe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e a   par
ular
hoe whoe a
o al be ef
b
he erve of
he Ce
ral ›ge  are reque
e
o gve
he a ›ge 
he f a al a 
ma requre. Vhe forego g provo  hall  o wa be 
erpre
e a re
r
 g
he huma 
ara a
v
e of
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro or of
he relef oe
e prove for  ›r
le g25.

cc c

Page g*+ of g *

 c5Y48c ccc $ cc   c c c

cc(/c ,cg)c'cg++/c c ›r
. 2. Y a
o
o
he provo  whh cc

 c c $9


he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o all ae of elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl
whh ma are be
wee
wo or more of
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he 
a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem. Vhe Co ve
o hall alo appl
o all ae of par
al or
o
al oupa
o of
he
err
or of a úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f
he a oupa
o mee
 w
h o arme re
a e. ›l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par

o
he pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof. ›r
. 3. Y
he ae of arme o fl
o
of a 
er a
o al hara
er ourr g 
he
err
or of o e of
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e eah Par

o
he o fl
hall be bou 
o ,ccc 

 
he follow g provo ² (g) Pero 
ak g o a
ve par

he ho
l
e  lu g member of arme fore who have la ow
her arm a 
hoe plae hor e omba
b k e wou  e
e
o  or a  o
her aue hall  all rum
a e be
rea
e huma el w
hou
a  avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour relgo or fa
h ex br
h or weal
h or a  o
her mlar r
era. Vo
h e 
he follow g a
 are a  hall rema prohb
e a
a 
me a   a  plae wha
oever w
h repe

o
he aboveme
o e pero ² (a) vole e
o lfe a  pero   par
ular murer of all k  mu
la
o  ruel
rea
me
a 
or
ure; (b)
ak g of ho
age; () ou
rage upo pero al g 
  par
ular humla
 g a  egra g
rea
me
; ()
he pa g of e
e e a 
he arr g ou
of exeu
o  w
hou
prevou jugme
pro ou e b a regularl o 

u
e our
 affor g all
he jual guara
ee whh are reog e a  pe able b vle people. (2) Vhe wou e a  k hall be olle
e a  are for. › mpar
al huma 
ara bo uh a
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro ma offer 
 erve
o
he Par
e
o
he o fl
. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
houl fur
her e eavour
o br g 
o fore b mea  of peal agreeme
 all or par
of
he o
her provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe appla
o of
he pree g provo  hall o
affe

he legal 
a
u of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
. (>-c'"c >"c ' Y".c - " "%cc ›r
. 4. Pero  pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o are
hoe who a
a gve mome
a   a  ma er wha
oever f 
hemelve  ae of a o fl
or oupa
o  ccccc ccc $ $cc-$$ c cc $cccc .


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Page gg* of g *

?a
o al of a S
a
e whh  o
bou  b
he Co ve
o are o
pro
e
e b 
. ?a
o al of a eu
ral S
a
e who f 
hemelve 
he
err
or of a bellgere
S
a
e a  a
o al of a o-bellgere
S
a
e hall o
be regare a pro
e
e pero  whle
he S
a
e of whh
he are a
o al ha ormal ploma
 repree
a
o 
he S
a
e  whoe ha 
he are.

e em la  ar a  aval fore  orer
o obva
e
he pobl
 of a  ho
le a
o .

Vhe provo  of Par
YY are however wer  appla
o  a ef e  ›r
le g3.

›r
. g9. c$ cc $c$   c cc cc c$cccccc$

,c c c    c ,c$c ccc . Pro
e
o ma however eae o l af
er ue war  g ha bee gve  am g  all appropra
e ae a reao able
me lm
a  af
er uh war  g ha rema e u heee. Vhe fa

ha
k or wou e member of
he arme fore are ure 
hee hop
al or
he pree e of mall arm a  ammu 
o
ake from uh omba
a
 a  o
e
bee ha e
o
he proper erve hall o
be o ere
o be a
 harmful
o
he e em.

Pero  pro
e
e b
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he ›melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he Wou e a  Sk  ›rme Fore 
he Fel of g2 ›ugu
g949 or b
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he ›melora
o of
he Co 
o of Wou e Sk a  Shpwreke ¯ember of ›rme Fore a
Sea of g2 ›ugu
g949 or b
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of g2 ›ugu
g949 hall o
be o ere a pro
e
e pero  w
h
he mea  g of
he pree
Co ve
o . ›r
. 8. $cc c cc$ $ $c$c cc c c cc c$cc cccc   a  b
he peal agreeme
 referre
o 
he forego g ›r
le f uh
here be.

cYY/c c $ cc  c' c c 0$cc(c ›r
. g3. VY    Y  Y+Y  Y+    Y Y +    Y Y  Y  +  Y +  Y+
 + + Y  YY ++Y Y Y

Y 
Y   ›r
. g5. ›  Par

o
he o fl
ma e
her re
or
hrough a eu
ral S
a
e or ome huma 
ara orga a
o  propoe
o
he avere Par

o e
ablh 
he rego  where fgh
 g 
ak g plae  ?c? 
e e
o hel
er from
he effe
 of war
he follow g pero  w
hou

 
o ² (a) wou e a  k omba
a
 or o -omba
a
; (b) vla pero  who
ake o par
 ho
l
e a  who whle
he ree 
he o e perform o work of a ml
ar hara
er. Whe
he Par
e o er e have agree upo
he geographal po
o  am 
ra
o  foo uppl a  upervo of
he propoe eu
rale o e a wr

e agreeme
hall be o lue a  g e b
he repree
a
ve of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
. Vhe agreeme
hall fx
he beg  g a 
he ura
o of
he eu
rala
o of
he o e. ›r
. g8.    c  orga e
o gve are
o
he wou e a  k
he  frm a  ma
er 
 ae c cc$ $ $ccc $cc$ccccc

cc$cc$c cc  ccc$ $. S
a
e whh are Par
e
o a o fl
hall prove all vla hop
al w
h er
fa
e how g
ha

he are vla hop
al a 
ha

he bul g whh
he oup are o
ue for a  purpoe whh woul eprve
hee hop
al of pro
e
o  aora e w
h ›r
le g9. Cvla hop
al hall be marke b mea  of
he emblem prove for  ›r
le 38 of
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he ›melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he Wou e a  Sk  ›rme Fore 
he Fel of g2 ›ugu
g949 bu
o l f o au
hore b
he S
a
e. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall  o far a ml
ar o era
o  perm

ake
he eear 
ep
o make
he 
 
ve emblem  a
 g vla hop
al learl vble
o
he

Y vew of
he a ger
o whh hop
al ma be expoe b be g loe
o ml
ar obje
ve 
 reomme e
ha
uh hop
al be 
ua
e a far a poble from uh obje
ve.

›r
.24. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
ake
he eear meaure
o e ure
ha
hlre u er ff
ee  who are orpha e or are epara
e from
her famle a a reul
of
he war are o
lef

o
her ow reoure a 
ha

her ma
e a e
he exere of
her relgo a 
her eua
o are fal
a
e  all rum
a e. Vher eua
o hall a far a poble be e
ru
e
o pero  of a mlar ul
ural
ra
o . Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall fal
a
e
he reep
o of uh hlre  a eu
ral ou
r for
he ura
o of
he o fl
w
h
he o e
of
he Pro
e
 g Power f a  a  u er ue afeguar for
he oberva e of
he pr ple 
a
e 
he fr
paragraph. Vhe hall fur
hermore e eavour
o arra ge for all hlre u er
welve
o be e
fe b
he wear g of e

  or b ome o
her mea . cYYY/c.cc  cc $c c .$ cY/c   c$

ccc  ccc ccc $ $ccc$$ c  c ›r
. 27. Pro
e
e pero  are e

le  all rum
a e
o repe
for
her pero 
her ho our
her faml rgh

her relgou o v
o  a  pra
e a 
her ma er a  u
om. Vhe hall a
all
me be  
rea
e a  hall be pro
e
e epeall aga 
all a
 of vole e or
hrea

hereof a  aga 
 ul
 a  publ uro
. Wome hall be epeall pro
e
e aga 
a  a

ak o
her ho our  par
ular aga 
rape e fore pro

u
o  or a  form of  ee
aaul
. W
hou
prejue
o
he provo  rela
 g
o
her 
a
e of heal
h age a  ex all pro
e
e pero  hall be
rea
e w
h
he ame o era
o b
he Par

o
he o fl
 whoe power
he are w
hou
a  avere 
 
o bae  par
ular o rae relgo or pol
al op o . úowever
he Par
e
o
he o fl
ma
ake uh meaure of o
rol a  eur
  regar
o pro
e
e pero  a ma be eear a a reul
of
he war. ›r
. 28. Vhe $ccc$cc ccccc c$ c ccc

c c  c . ›r
. 3g. c $cc c$$ ccc1$ c c $c,c c $cc c   c c c c c c / ›r
. 34. c ccc c  /


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

.$ cYY/c' c cc cccccc$ $c ›r
. 35. ›ll pro
e
e pero  who ma ere
o 
he
err
or a

he ou
e
of or ur g a o fl
 hall be e

le
o o o u le
her epar
ure  o
rar
o
he a
o al 
ere
 of
he S
a
e. Vhe appla
o  of uh pero 
o leave hall be ee  aora e w
h regularl e
ablhe proeure a 
he eo hall be
ake a rapl a poble. Vhoe pero  perm

e
o leave ma prove
hemelve w
h
he eear fu  for
her jour e a 
ake w
h
hem a reao able amou
of
her effe
 a  ar
le of pero al ue. Yf a  uh pero  refue permo
o leave
he
err
or he hall be e

le
o have refual reo ere a oo a poble b a appropra
e our
or am 
ra
ve boar eg a
e b
he De
a  g Power for
ha
purpoe. Upo reque
 repree
a
ve of
he Pro
e
 g Power hall u le reao  of eur
 preve

 or
he pero  o er e obje
 be fur he w
h
he reao  for refual of a  reque
for permo
o leave
he
err
or a  be gve  a expe
oul a poble
he ame of all pero  who have bee e e permo
o leave. ›r
. 38. W
h
he exep
o of peal meaure au
hore b
he pree
Co ve
o   par
ularl b ›r
le 27 a  4g
hereof
he 
ua
o of pro
e
e pero  hall o
 ue
o be regula
e  pr ple b
he provo  o er  g ale  
me of peae. Y a  ae
he follow g rgh
 hall be gra
e
o
hem² (g)
he hall be e able
o reeve
he  vual or olle
ve relef
ha
ma be e

o
hem. (2)
he hall f
her 
a
e of heal
h o requre reeve meal a

e
o a  hop
al
rea
me

o
he ame ex
e
a
he a
o al of
he S
a
e o er e. (3)
he hall be allowe
o pra
e
her relgo a 
o reeve pr
ual a
a e from m 
er of
her fa
h. (4) f
he ree  a area par
ularl expoe
o
he a ger of war
he hall be au
hore
o move from
ha
area
o
he ame ex
e
a
he a
o al of
he S
a
e o er e. (5) hlre u er ff
ee ear preg a
wome a  mo
her of hlre u er eve ear hall be ef
b a  prefere
al
rea
me

o
he ame ex
e
a
he a
o al of
he S
a
e o er e. ›r
. 40. Pro
e
e pero  ma be ompelle
o work o l
o
he ame ex
e
a a
o al of
he Par

o
he o fl
 whoe
err
or
he are. Yf pro
e
e pero  are of e em a
o al

he ma o l be ompelle
o o work whh  ormall eear
o e ure
he fee g hel
er g lo
h g
ra por
a  heal
h of huma be g a  whh  o
re
l rela
e
o
he o u
of ml
ar opera
o . Y
he ae me
o e 
he
wo pree g paragraph pro
e
e pero  ompelle
o work hall have
he be ef
of
he ame work g o 
o  a  of
he ame afeguar a a
o al worker  par
ular a regar wage hour of labour lo
h g a  equpme
 prevou
ra  g a  ompe a
o for oupa
o al ae
 a  eae. Yccc  cc  ,c$cc cccc1$ c c cc$  c c$$$c  c' $c */c ›r
. 42. Vhe 
er me
or pla g  ag e ree e of pro
e
e pero  ma be orere o l f
he eur
 of
he De
a  g Power make 
abolu
el eear.

Page ggg of g *

Yf a  pero  a
 g
hrough
he repree
a
ve of
he Pro
e
 g Power volu
arl ema  
er me
 a  f h 
ua
o re er
h 
ep eear he hall be 
er e b
he Power  whoe ha  he ma be. ›r
. 44. Y appl g
he meaure of o
rol me
o e 
he pree
Co ve
o 
he De
a  g Power hall o

rea
a e em ale  exluvel o
he ba of
her a
o al
 e jure of a e em S
a
e refugee who o o
  fa
 e jo
he pro
e
o of a  gover me
. .$ cYYY/c-$$ c  c ›r
. 47. Pro
e
e pero  who are  oupe
err
or hall o
be eprve  a  ae or  a  ma er wha
oever of
he be ef
 of
he pree
Co ve
o b a  ha ge 
roue a
he reul
of
he oupa
o of a
err
or 
o
he  

u
o  or gover me
of
he a
err
or or b a  agreeme
o lue be
wee
he au
hor
e of
he oupe
err
ore a 
he Oup g Power or b a  a exa
o b
he la

er of
he whole or par
of
he oupe
err
or.   orer
o  ue
hem
o work for
he Oup g Power are prohb
e. ›r
. 64. ccccc$$ c cc  c c $ w
h
he exep
o
ha

he ma be repeale or upe e b
he Oup g Power  ae where
he o 

u
e a
hrea

o 
 eur
 or a ob
ale
o
he appla
o of
he pree
Co ve
o . Subje

o
he la

er o era
o a 
o
he ee
 for e ur g
he effe
ve am 
ra
o of ju
e
he
rbu al of
he oupe
err
or hall o
 ue
o fu 
o  repe
of all offe e overe b
he a law. Vhe Oup g Power ma however ubje

he popula
o of
he oupe
err
or
o provo  whh are ee
al
o e able
he Oup g Power
o fulfl 
 oblga
o  u er
he pree
Co ve
o 
o ma
a
he orerl gover me
of
he
err
or a 
o e ure
he eur
 of
he Oup g Power of
he member a  proper
 of
he oup g fore or am 
ra
o  a  lkewe of
he e
ablhme
 a  l e of ommu a
o ue b
hem. ›r
. 68. Pro
e
e pero  who omm
a offe e whh  olel 
e e
o harm
he Oup g Power bu
whh cc $ ca a

emp
o
he lfe or lmb of member of
he oup g fore or am 
ra
o  or a grave olle
ve a ger or eroul amage
he proper
 of
he oup g fore or am 
ra
o or
he  
alla
o  ue b
hem hall be lable
o 
er me
or mple mpro me
 prove
he ura
o of uh 
er me
or mpro me
 propor
o a
e
o
he offe e omm

e. Fur
hermore 
er me
or mpro me
hall for uh offe e be
he o l meaure aop
e for eprv g pro
e
e pero  of lber
. Vhe our
 prove for u er ›r
le 66 of
he pree
Co ve
o ma a

her re
o o ver
a e
e e of mpro me

o o e of 
er me
for
he ame pero. Vhe pe al provo  promulga
e b
he Oup g Power  aora e w
h ›r
le 64 a  65 ma mpoe
he c aga 
a pro
e
e pero c c$cccc c c c ,cc c$ccc cc  c

 ccc-$$ c ccc  c$c  $cc$cccccc c,c c c$c$cc cccccccc $$ c c c$ccc$$ c/c Vhe ea
h pe al
 ccc$ aga 
a pro
e
e pero u le
he a

e
o of
he our
ha bee par
ularl alle
o
he fa

ha
 e
he aue  o
a a
o al


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

of
he Oup g Power he  o
bou 
o 
b a  u
 of allega e. Y a  ae
he ea
h pe al
 ma o
be pro ou e o a pro
e
e pero who wa u er egh
ee ear of age a

he
me of
he offe e. ›r
. 70.  Y YY ++ Y Y Y Y Y   Y  Y$ 
 Y     Y    Y YYY  Y Y   
 Y   Y   Y Y   YYY   YY  Y+     ?a
o al of
he oup g Power who before
he ou
break of ho
l
e have ough
refuge 
he
err
or of
he oupe S
a
e hall o
be arre
e proeu
e o v
e or epor
e from
he oupe
err
or exep
for offe e omm

e af
er
he ou
break of ho
l
e or for offe e u er ommo law omm

e before
he ou
break of ho
l
e whh aor g
o
he law of
he oupe S
a
e woul have ju
fe ex
ra
o 
me of peae. ›r
. 75. Y o ae hall pero  o em e
o ea
h be eprve of
he rgh
of pe

o for paro or repreve. ?o ea
h e
e e hall be arre ou
before
he expra
o of a pero of a lea
x mo
h from
he a
e of reep
b
he Pro
e
 g Power of
he o
fa
o of
he f al jugme
o frm g uh ea
h e
e e or of a orer e  g paro or repreve. Vhe x mo
h pero of upe o of
he ea
h e
e e here prerbe ma be reue   vual ae  rum
a e of grave emerge   volv g a orga e
hrea

o
he eur
 of
he Oup g Power or 
 fore prove alwa
ha

he Pro
e
 g Power  o
fe of uh reu
o a   gve reao able
me a  oppor
u 

o make repree
a
o 
o
he ompe
e
oup g au
hor
e  repe
of uh ea
h e
e e. ›r
. 76. $cc$$cc$ccc c c c$$ c$,cc c$ $cccc c $c . Vhe hall f poble be epara
e from o
her e
a ee a  hall e jo o 
o  of foo a  hge e whh wll be uffe

o keep
hem  goo heal
h a  whh wll be a
lea
equal
o
hoe ob
a  g  pro  
he oupe ou
r. Vhe hall reeve
he meal a

e
o requre b
her 
a
e of heal
h. Vhe hall alo have
he rgh

o reeve a  pr
ual a
a e whh
he ma requre. Wome hall be o f e  epara
e quar
er a  hall be u er
he re
upervo of wome . Proper regar hall be pa
o
he peal
rea
me
ue
o m or. Pro
e
e pero  who are e
a e hall have
he rgh

o be v
e b elega
e of
he Pro
e
 g Power a  of
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro  aora e w
h
he provo  of ›r
le g43. Suh pero  hall have
he rgh

o reeve a
lea
o e relef parel mo
hl. .$ cY4/c ccc cc c cY/c c  c ›r
. 80. Y
er ee hall  c cc$  c$$  a  hall exere uh a

e a
rgh
 a ma be ompa
ble w
h
her 
a
u.

Page gg) of g *

›r
. 8g. Par
e
o
he o fl
who 
er pro
e
e pero  hall be bou 
o prove cc$cc c  $ a 
o gra

hem alo
he meal a

e
o requre b
her 
a
e of heal
h. ?o eu
o from
he allowa e alare or re
 ue
o
he 
er ee hall be mae for
he repame
of
hee o
. Vhe De
a  g Power hall prove for
he uppor
of
hoe epe e
o
he 
er ee f uh epe e
 are w
hou
aequa
e mea  of uppor
or are u able
o ear a lv g. cYY/c $ccY c ›r
. 83. Vhe De
a  g Power hall o
e
up plae of 
er me
 area par
ularl expoe
o
he a ger of war. Vhe De
a  g Power hall gve
he e em Power
hrough
he 
ermear of
he Pro
e
 g Power all ueful  forma
o regar g
he geographal loa
o of plae of 
er me
. Whe ever ml
ar o era
o  perm
 
er me
amp hall be  a
e b
he le

er YC plae o a
o be learl vble 
he a
me from
he ar. Vhe Power o er e ma however agree upo a  o
her 
em of mark g. ?o plae o
her
ha a 
er me
amp hall be marke a uh. ›r
.84. Y
er ee hall be $$

cc  c c c cccc cc cc  cccc. cYYY/ccc c ›r
. 89. Dal foo ra
o  for 
er ee hall be uffe
 qua

 qual
 a  vare

o keep 
er ee  a goo 
a
e of heal
h a  preve

he evelopme
of u
r
o al efe e. ›ou
hall alo be
ake of
he u
omar e
of
he 
er ee. Y
er ee hall alo be gve
he mea  b whh
he a prepare for
hemelve a  a
o al foo 
her poeo . Suffe
r k g wa
er hall be upple
o 
er ee. Vhe ue of
obao hall be perm

e. Y
er ee who work hall reeve a
o al ra
o   propor
o
o
he k  of labour whh
he perform. Expe
a
a  ur g mo
her a  hlre u er ff
ee ear of age hall be gve a
o al foo  propor
o
o
her phologal ee. ›r
. 90. Whe
ake 
o u
o 
er ee hall be gve all fal
e
o prove
hemelve w
h
he eear lo
h g foo
wear a  ha ge of u erwear a  la
er o 
o proure fur
her upple f requre. Shoul a  
er ee o
have uffe
lo
h g aou
be g
ake of
he lma
e a  be u able
o proure a  
hall be prove free of harge
o
hem b
he De
a  g Power. Vhe lo
h g upple b
he De
a  g Power
o 
er ee a 
he ou
war mark g plae o
her ow lo
he hall o
be g om ou or expoe
hem
o rule. Worker hall reeve u
able work g ou
f
  lu g pro
e
ve lo
h g whe ever
he a
ure of
her work o requre. cY4/c> cc# $c' c ›r
. 9g. Ever plae of 
er me
hall have a aequa
e  frmar u er
he re
o of a qualfe o
or where 
er ee ma have
he a

e
o
he requre a well a a appropra
e e
. Yola
o war hall be e
ae for ae of o
agou or me
al eae. ¯a
er 
 ae a  
er ee uffer g from erou eae or whoe o 
o requre peal
rea
me
 a urgal opera
o or hop
al are mu
be am

e
o a   

u
o where aequa
e
rea
me
a be gve a  hall reeve are o
 feror
o
ha
prove for
he ge eral popula
o . Y
er ee hall for prefere e have
he a

e
o of meal pero el of
her ow a
o al
.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Y
er ee ma o
be preve
e from pree
 g
hemelve
o
he meal au
hor
e for exam a
o . Vhe meal au
hor
e of
he De
a  g Power hall upo reque
 ue
o ever 
er ee who ha u ergo e
rea
me
a offal er
fa
e how g
he a
ure of h ll e or  jur a 
he ura
o a  a
ure of
he
rea
me
gve . › upla
e of
h er
fa
e hall be forware
o
he Ce
ral ›ge  prove for  ›r
le g40. Vrea
me
  lu g
he provo of a  appara
u eear for
he ma
e a e of 
er ee  goo heal
h par
ularl e
ure a  o
her ar
fal appla e a  pe
ale hall be free of harge
o
he 
er ee. c4YY/c'   cc% $  c ›r
. 99. Ever plae of 
er me
hall be pu
u er
he au
hor
 of a repo ble offer hoe from
he regular ml
ar fore or
he regular vl am 
ra
o of
he De
a  g Power. Vhe offer  harge of
he plae of 
er me
mu
have  h poeo a op of
he pree
Co ve
o 
he offal la guage or o e of
he offal la guage of h ou
r a  hall be repo ble for 
 appla
o . Vhe 
aff  o
rol of 
er ee hall be  
ru
e 
he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o a  of
he am 
ra
ve meaure aop
e
o e ure 
 appla
o . Vhe
ex
of
he pree
Co ve
o a 
he
ex
 of peal agreeme
 o lue u er
he a Co ve
o hall be po
e  e
he plae of 
er me
  a la guage whh
he 
er ee u er
a  or hall be 
he poeo of
he Y
er ee Comm

ee. „egula
o  orer o
e a  publa
o  of ever k  hall be ommu a
e
o
he 
er ee a  po
e  e
he plae of 
er me
  a la guage whh
he u er
a . Ever orer a  omma  aree
o 
er ee  vuall mu
 lkewe be gve  a la guage whh
he u er
a . ›r
. g00. Vhe  $  c

c c$cc  ccc $ c c   c $  a  hall  o rum
a e  lue regula
o  mpo g o 
er ee a  phal exer
o a gerou
o
her heal
h or  volv g phal or moral v
ma
o . Ye
fa
o b
a

oo g or mpr
 g g  or mark g o
he bo  prohb
e. Y par
ular prolo ge 
a  g a  roll-all pu hme
rll ml
ar rll a  ma oeuvre or
he reu
o of foo ra
o  are prohb
e. ›r
. g02. Y ever plae of 
er me

he ccc $cc$ccc 1c ,cc  ccc 

c ccc ccc%  c cc $ c 
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro a  a  o
her orga a
o whh ma a

hem. Vhe member of
he Comm

ee hall be elgble for re-ele
o . Y
er ee o ele
e hall e
er upo
her u
e af
er
her ele
o ha bee approve b
he e
a  g au
hor
e. Vhe reao  for a  refual or mal hall be ommu a
e
o
he Pro
e
 g Power o er e. c4YYY/c c cc"1 c ›r
. g06. › oo a he  
er e or a

he la
e
o
more
ha o e week af
er h arrval  a plae of 
er me
 a  lkewe  ae of k e or
ra fer
o a o
her plae of 
er me
or
o a hop
al ever 
er ee hall be e able
o e  re

o h faml o
he o e ha  a 
o
he Ce
ral ›ge  prove for b ›r
le g40 o
he o
her a 
er me
ar mlar f poble
o
he moel a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o   c c c c c ,ccccc/ Vhe a ar hall be forware a rapl a poble a  ma o
be elae  a  wa.

Page gg of g *

›r
. g07. Yccccccc$ ccc $. Yf
he De
a  g Power eem 
eear
o lm

he umber of le

er a  ar e
b eah 
er ee
he a umber hall o
be le
ha
wo le

er a  four ar mo
hl;
hee hall be raw up o a
o o form a loel a poble
o
he moel a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o . Yf lm
a
o  mu
be plae o
he orrepo e e aree
o 
er ee
he ma be orere o l b
he Power
o whh uh 
er ee owe allega e pobl a

he reque
of
he De
a  g Power. Suh le

er a  ar mu
be o vee w
h reao able epa
h;
he ma o
be elae or re
a e for pl ar reao . Y
er ee who have bee a lo g
me w
hou
ew or who f  
mpoble
o reeve ew from
her rela
ve or
o gve
hem ew b
he or ar po
al rou
e a well a
hoe who are a
a o erable 
a e from
her home hall be allowe
o e 
elegram
he harge be g pa b
hem 
he urre  a

her poal. Vhe hall lkewe be ef
b
h provo  ae whh are reog e
o be urge
. › a rule 
er ee' mal hall be wr

e 
her ow la guage. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
ma au
hore orrepo e e  o
her la guage. ›r
. gg3. Vhe De
a  g Power hall prove all reao able exeu
o fal
e for
he
ra mo 
hrough
he Pro
e
 g Power or
he Ce
ral ›ge  prove for  ›r
le g40 or a o
herwe requre of wll power of a

or e le

er of au
hor
 or a  o
her oume
 
e e for 
er ee or epa
he b
hem. Y all ae
he De
a  g Power hall fal
a
e
he exeu
o a  au
he
a
o  ue legal form of uh oume
 o behalf of 
er ee  par
ular b allow g
hem
o o ul
a lawer. ›r
. gg4. Vhe De
a  g Power hall affor 
er ee all $   cc c cc c c prove
h  o
 ompa
ble w
h
he o 
o  of 
er me
a 
he law whh  applable. For
h purpoe
he a Power ma gve
hem permo
o leave
he plae of 
er me
 urge
ae a  f rum
a e allow. ›r
.gg6. "c ccccc$ c  ,c $ cc ,ccc ccc0cc  / › far a  poble 
er ee hall be perm

e
o v

her home  urge
ae par
ularl  ae of ea
h or erou ll e of rela
ve. Chap
er YX. Pe al a  Dpl ar Sa 
o  ›r
. gg7. Subje

o
he provo  of
he pree
Chap
er
he law  fore 
he
err
or  whh
he are e
a e  c$ cc cc cc$

c$c c  /c Yf ge eral law regula
o  or orer elare a
 omm

e b 
er ee
o be pu hable wherea
he ame a
 are o
pu hable whe omm

e b pero  who are o

er ee uh a
 hall e
al pl ar pu hme
 o l. ?o 
er ee ma be pu he more
ha o e for
he ame a
 or o
he ame ou
. ›r
. gg9. Vhe  $  c   applable
o 
er ee hall be
he follow g² (g) a f e whh hall o
exee 50 per e
of
he wage whh
he 
er ee woul o
herwe reeve u er
he provo  of ›r
le 95 ur g a pero of o
more
ha
hr
 a.


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

(2) o
 ua e of prvlege gra
e over a  above
he
rea
me
prove for b
he pree
Co ve
o (3) fa
gue u
e o
exee g
wo hour al  o e
o w
h
he ma
e a e of
he plae of 
er me
. (4) o f eme
. Ycc$cc $  c cc  ,cc cccccc /c'$$ccccc c :c,c1cccc/c Vhe ura
o of a   gle pu hme
hall  o ae exee a maxmum of
hr
 o eu
ve a eve f
he 
er ee  a werable for everal breahe of pl e whe h ae  eal
w
h whe
her uh breahe are o e
e or o
. ›r
. g20. Y
er ee who are $ af
er hav g eape or whe a

emp
 g
o eape cc ccc $  c     repe
of
h a
 eve f 
 a repea
e offe e. ›r
le gg8 paragraph 3 o
w
h
a  g 
er ee pu he a a reul
of eape or a

emp

o eape ma be ubje
e
o peal urvella e o o 
o
ha
uh urvella e oe o
affe

he 
a
e of
her heal
h
ha

 exere  a plae of 
er me
a 
ha

oe o
e
al
he abol
o of a  of
he afeguar gra
e b
he pree
Co ve
o . Y
er ee who a a  abe
a eape or a

emp

o eape hall be lable o
h ou

o pl ar pu hme
o l. ›r
. g2g. Eape or a

emp

o eape eve f 
 a repea
e offe e ccc cc c$ $ $  ae where a 
er ee  proeu
e for offe e omm

e ur g h eape. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e ure
ha

he ompe
e
au
hor
e exere le e   e g whe
her pu hme
 fl
e for a offe e hall be of a pl ar or jual a
ure epeall  repe
of a
 omm

e  o e
o w
h a eape whe
her ueful or o
. c=Y/c%c ›r
. g29. Vhe wll of 
er ee hall be reeve for afe-keep g b
he repo ble au
hor
e; a  f
he eve
of
he ea
h of a 
er ee h wll hall be
ra m

e w
hou
ela
o a pero whom he ha prevoul eg a
e. %cc ccc$  c cc$ccc$,cc cc$  $ccc c,c cc$ccc cc$  cc $c c$$/cc › offal reor of
he ea
h ul reg
ere hall be raw up  aora e w
h
he proeure rela
 g
here
o  fore 
he
err
or where
he plae of 
er me
 
ua
e a  a ul er
fe op of uh reor hall be
ra m

e w
hou
ela
o
he Pro
e
 g Power a well a
o
he Ce
ral ›ge  referre
o  ›r
le g40. ›r
. g30. Vhe e
a  g au
hor
e hall e ure
ha

er ee who e whle 
er e are c  f poble aor g
o
he r
e of
he relgo
o whh
he belo ge a 
ha

her grave are repe
e properl ma
a e a  marke  uh a wa
ha

he a alwa be reog e. Deeae 
er ee hall be bure   vual grave u le u avoable rum
a e requre
he ue of olle
ve grave. Boe ma be rema
e o l for mpera
ve reao  of hge e o aou
of
he relgo of
he eeae or  aora e w
h h expree wh
o
h effe
. Y ae of rema
o 
he fa
hall be 
a
e a 
he reao  gve 
he ea
h er
fa
e of
he eeae. Vhe ahe hall be re
a e for afe-keep g b
he e
a  g au
hor
e a  hall be
ra ferre a oo a poble
o
he ex
of k o
her reque
.

Page gg of g *

› oo a rum
a e perm
 a  o
la
er
ha
he loe of ho
l
e
he De
a  g Power hall forwar l
 of grave of eeae 
er ee
o
he Power o whom eeae 
er ee epe e
hrough
he Y forma
o Bureaux prove for  ›r
le g36. Suh l
 hall  lue all par
ular eear for
he e
fa
o of
he eeae 
er ee a well a
he exa
loa
o of
her grave. ›r
. g3g. Ever ea
h or erou  jur of a 
er ee aue or upe
e
o have bee aue b a e
r a o
her 
er ee or a  o
her pero  a well a a  ea
h
he aue of whh  u k ow  hall be mmea
el followe b a offal e qur b
he De
a  g Power. › ommu a
o o
h ubje
hall be e
mmea
el
o
he Pro
e
 g Power. Vhe eve e of a  w
ee hall be
ake  a  a repor
 lu g uh eve e hall be prepare a  forware
o
he a Pro
e
 g Power. Yf
he e qur  a
e
he gul
of o e or more pero 
he De
a  g Power hall
ake all eear 
ep
o e ure
he proeu
o of
he pero or pero  repo ble. c=YYY/c,c  cc'$$

 c c c  c ›r
. g32. "$c ccccccc%  c cccccc $c$ c c  c cc1 . Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall moreover e eavour ur g
he oure of ho
l
e
o o lue agreeme
 for
he releae
he repa
ra
o 
he re
ur
o plae of ree e or
he aommoa
o  a eu
ral ou
r of er
a lae of 
er ee  par
ular hlre  preg a
wome a  mo
her w
h  fa
 a  ou g hlre  wou e a  k a  
er ee who have bee e
a e for a lo g
me. ›r
. g33. Y
er me
hall eae a oo a poble cc$c c   . Y
er ee 
he
err
or of a Par

o
he o fl
aga 
whom pe al proee g are pe  g for offe e o
exluvel ubje

o pl ar pe al
e ma be e
a e u
l
he loe of uh proee g a  f rum
a e requre u
l
he omple
o of
he pe al
. Vhe ame hall appl
o 
er ee who have bee prevoul e
e e
o a pu hme
eprv g
hem of lber
. B agreeme
be
wee
he De
a  g Power a 
he Power o er e omm

ee ma be e
up af
er
he loe of ho
l
e or of
he oupa
o of
err
ore
o earh for pere 
er ee. ›r
. g34. Vhe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e hall e eavour upo
he loe of ho
l
e or oupa
o 
o e ure
he ccc

cc cc$cc $,ccc$  c c   /c .$ c4/cY  c
1ccc'$c ›r
. g36. Upo
he ou
break of a o fl
a   all ae of oupa
o  eah of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e
ablh a offal Y forma
o Bureau  cc$  cc   c   c c$ccc$ccc c c c/c Eah of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall w
h
he hor
e
poble pero gve 
 Bureau  forma
o of a  meaure
ake b 
o er  g a  pro
e
e pero  who are kep
 u
o for more
ha
wo week who are ubje
e
o ag e ree e or who are 
er e. Y
hall fur
hermore requre 
 varou epar
me



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o er e w
h uh ma

er
o prove
he aforea Bureau promp
l w
h  forma
o o er  g all ha ge per
a  g
o
hee pro
e
e pero  a for example
ra fer releae repa
ra
o  eape am

a e
o hop
al br
h a  ea
h. ›r
. g37. Eah a
o al Bureau hall mmea
el forwar  forma
o o er  g pro
e
e pero  b
he mo
rap mea 
o
he Power  whoe
err
or
he ree
hrough
he 
ermear of
he Pro
e
 g Power a  lkewe
hrough
he Ce
ral ›ge  prove for  ›r
le g40. Vhe Bureaux hall alo repl
o all e qure whh ma be reeve regar g pro
e
e pero . Y forma
o Bureaux hall
ra m
 forma
o o er  g a pro
e
e pero u le 

ra mo mgh
be e
rme
al
o
he pero o er e or
o h or her rela
ve. Eve  uh a ae
he  forma
o ma o
be w
hhel from
he Ce
ral ›ge  whh upo be g o
fe of
he rum
a e wll
ake
he eear preau
o   a
e  ›r
le g40. ›ll ommu a
o   wr
 g mae b a  Bureau hall be au
he
a
e b a g a
ure or a eal. ›r
. g38. Vhe  forma
o reeve b
he a
o al Bureau a 
ra m

e b 
hall be of uh a hara
er a
o make 
poble
o e
f
he pro
e
e pero exa
l a 
o ave h ex
of k qukl. Vhe  forma
o  repe
of eah pero hall  lue a
lea
h ur ame fr
ame plae a  a
e of br
h a
o al
 la
ree e a  
 guh g hara
er

he fr
ame of
he fa
her a 
he mae ame of
he mo
her
he a
e plae a  a
ure of
he a
o
ake w
h regar
o
he  vual
he are a
whh orrepo e e ma be e

o hm a 
he ame a  are of
he pero
o be  forme. Lkewe  forma
o regar g
he 
a
e of heal
h of 
er ee who are eroul ll or eroul wou e hall be upple regularl a  f poble ever week. ›r
. g39. Eah a
o al Y forma
o Bureau hall fur
hermore be repo ble for olle
 g all pero al valuable lef
b pro
e
e pero  me
o e  ›r
le g36  par
ular
hoe who have bee repa
ra
e or releae or who have eape or e; 
hall forwar
he a valuable
o
hoe o er e e
her re
 or f eear
hrough
he Ce
ral ›ge . Suh ar
le hall be e
b
he Bureau  eale pake
 whh hall be aompa e b 
a
eme
 gv g lear a  full e

 par
ular of
he pero
o whom
he ar
le belo ge a  b a omple
e l
of
he o
e
 of
he parel. De
ale reor hall be ma
a e of
he reep
a  epa
h of all uh valuable. ›r
. g40. › Ce
ral Y forma
o ›ge  for pro
e
e pero   par
ular for 
er ee hall be rea
e  a eu
ral ou
r. Vhe Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro hall f 
eem eear propoe
o
he Power o er e
he orga a
o of uh a ›ge  whh ma be
he ame a
ha
prove for  ›r
le g23 of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of g2 ›ugu
g949. Vhe fu 
o of
he ›ge  hall be
o olle
all  forma
o of
he
pe e
for
h  ›r
le g36 whh 
ma ob
a
hrough offal or prva
e ha el a 
o
ra m

a rapl a poble
o
he ou
re of org or of ree e of
he pero  o er e exep
 ae where uh
ra mo  mgh
be e
rme
al
o
he pero  whom
he a  forma
o o er  or
o
her rela
ve. Y


Page gg2 of g *

hall reeve from
he Par
e
o
he o fl
all reao able fal
e for effe
 g uh
ra mo . Vhe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e a   par
ular
hoe whoe a
o al be ef
b
he erve of
he Ce
ral ›ge  are reque
e
o gve
he a ›ge 
he f a al a 
ma requre. Vhe forego g provo  hall  o wa be 
erpre
e a re
r
 g
he huma 
ara a
v
e of
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro a  of
he relef Soe
e erbe  ›r
le g42. ›r
. g4g. Vhe a
o al Y forma
o Bureaux a 
he Ce
ral Y forma
o ›ge  hall e jo free po
age for all mal lkewe
he exemp
o  prove for  ›r
le gg0 a  fur
her o far a poble exemp
o from
elegraph harge or a
lea
 grea
l reue ra
e.




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ccY c' c  $c5 $cY8,c
c!cg+JJ/c P›„V g² GE?E„›L P„OMYSYO?S Preamble² Vc ear e
wh
o ee peae preval amo g people Vc ever S
a
e ha
he u

o refra from
he
hrea
or ue of fore aga 

he overeg

err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e of a  S
a
e Sope (›r
le g) Vc Y ae o
overe b
h Pro
ool or b o
her 
er a
o al agreeme
 vla  a  omba
a
 rema u er
he pro
e
o a  au
hor
 of
he pr ple of 
er a
o al law erve from e
ablhe u
om from
he pr ple of huma 
 a  from 
a
e of publ o e e. Vc appl
o all ae of elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl
whh ma are be
wee
wo or more of
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he 
a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem. Vc appl
o all ae of par
al or
o
al oupa
o of
he
err
or of a úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f
he a oupa
o mee
 w
h o arme re
a e. Vc ›l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par

o
he pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof. Vc arme o fl
 whh people are fgh
 g aga 
olo al om a
o a  ale oupa
o a  aga 
ra
regme 
he exere of
her rgh
of elf-e
erm a
o Def 
o  (›r
le 2) Vc „ule of 
er a
o al law applable  arme o fl
" mea 
he rule applable  arme o fl
e
for
h  
er a
o al agreeme

o whh
he Par
e
o
he o fl
are Par
e a 
he ge erall reog e pr ple a  rule of 
er a
o al law whh are applable
o arme o fl
Vc Pro
e
 g Power" mea  a eu
ral or o
her S
a
e o
a Par

o
he o fl
whh ha bee eg a
e b a Par

o
he o fl
a  aep
e b
he avere Par
 a  ha agree
o arr ou


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he fu 
o  ag e
o a Pro
e
 g Power u er
he Co ve
o  a 
h Pro
ool Vc "Sub

u
e" mea  a orga a
o a
 g  plae of a Pro
e
 g Power Pro
e
 g Power (›r
le 5) Vc u
 of
he Par
e
o a o fl
from
he beg  g of
ha
o fl

o eure
he upervo a  mpleme
a
o of
he Co ve
o  a  of
h Pro
ool b
he appla
o of
he 
em of Pro
e
 g Power Vc Pro
e
 g Power hall have
he u
 of afeguar g
he 
ere
 of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
Vc eah Par

o
he o fl
hall w
hou
ela eg a
e a Pro
e
 g Power Vc Yf a Pro
e
 g Power ha o
bee eg a
e
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro w
hou
prejue
o
he rgh
of a  o
her mpar
al huma 
ara orga a
o
o o lkewe hall offer 
 goo offe
o
he Par
e
o
he o fl
w
h a vew
o
he eg a
o w
hou
ela of a Pro
e
 g Power
o whh
he Par
e
o
he o fl
o e
P›„V 2² WOU?DED SYCK SúYPW„ECKED Def 
o  (›r
le 8) Vc ͞Wou e" a  "k" mea pero  whe
her ml
ar or vla  who beaue of
rauma eae or o
her phal or me
al orer or abl
 are  ee of meal a
a e or are a  who refra from a  a
of ho
l
. Vhee
erm alo over ma
er 
 ae ew-bor babe a  o
her pero  who ma be  ee of mmea
e meal a
a e or are uh a
he  frm or expe
a
mo
her a  who refra from a  a
of ho
l
 Vc "Shpwreke" mea  pero  whe
her ml
ar or vla  who are  perl a
ea or  o
her wa
er a a reul
of mfor
u e affe
 g
hem or
he veel or arraf
arr g
hem a  who refra from a  a
of ho
l
. Vc "¯eal pero el" mea 
hoe pero  ag e b a Par

o
he o fl
 exluvel
o
he meal purpoe e umera
e u er e) or
o
he am 
ra
o of meal u 
 or
o
he opera
o or am 
ra
o of meal
ra por
. Vc "„elgou pero el" mea  ml
ar or vla pero  uh a hapla  who are exluvel e gage 
he work of
her m 
r a  a

ahe
o
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl

o meal u 
 or meal
ra por
 of a Par

o
he o fl

o meal u 
 or meal
ra por
 or
o vl efe e orga a
o  of a Par

o
he o fl
. Vc "¯eal u 
" mea  e
ablhme
 a  o
her u 
 whe
her ml
ar or vla  orga e for meal purpoe amel
he earh for olle
o 
ra por
a
o  ag o or
rea
me
 lu g fr
-a
rea
me
- of
he wou e k a  hpwreke or for
he preve
o of eae. Vc "¯eal
ra por
a
o " mea 
he o vea e b la  wa
er or ar of
he wou e k hpwreke meal pero el relgou pero el meal equpme
or meal upple Vc "¯eal
ra por
" mea  a  mea  of
ra por
a
o  whe
her ml
ar or vla  perma e
or
emporar ag e exluvel
o meal
ra por
a
o a  u er
he o
rol of a ompe
e
au
hor
 of a Par

o
he o fl
Vc "¯eal vehle" mea  a  meal
ra por
 b la  Vc "¯eal hp a  raf
" mea  a  meal
ra por
 b wa
er Vc "¯eal arraf
" mea  a  meal
ra por
 b ar Vc "D
 
ve emblem" mea 
he 
 
ve emblem of
he re ro re ree
or re lo a  u o a wh
e grou  whe ue for
he pro
e
o of meal u 
 a 
ra por
 or meal a  relgou pero el equpme
or upple

Page gg3 of g *

Sope (›r
le 9) Vc hall appl
o all
hoe affe
e b a 
ua
o referre
o  ›r
le g w
hou
a  avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour ex la guage relgo or belef pol
al or o
her op o  a
o al or oal org  weal
h br
h or o
her 
a
u or o a  o
her mlar r
era. Pro
e
o of Pero  (›r
le gg) Vc ›ll
he wou e k a  hpwreke
o whhever Par

he belo g hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e Vc Vhe phal or me
al heal
h a  
egr
 of pero  who are 
he power of
he avere Par
 or who are 
er e e
a e or o
herwe eprve of lber
 hall o
be e a gere b a  u ju
fe a
or omo Vc prohb
e
o arr ou
o uh pero  eve w
h
her o e
² phal mu
la
o  meal or e
f experme
 removal of
ue or orga  for
ra pla
a
o Vc Exep
o 
o
he prohb
o ² o l 
he ae of o a
o  of bloo for
ra fuo or of k for graf
 g prove
ha

he are gve volu
arl a  w
hou
a  oero or  ueme
 a 
he o l for
herapeu
 purpoe Pro
e
o of ¯eal U 
 Vc ¯eal u 
 hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e a
all
me a  hall o
be
he obje
of a

ak (›r
le g2) Vc U er o rum
a e hall meal u 
 be ue  a a

emp

o hel ml
ar obje
ve from a

ak (›r
le g2) Vc pro
e
o
o whh vla meal u 
 are e

le hall o
eae u le
he are ue
o omm
 ou
e
her huma 
ara fu 
o  a
 harmful
o
he e em (›r
le g3) Vc o
be o ere a a
 harmful
o
he e em²
ha

he pero el of
he u 
are equppe w
h lgh
 vual weapo  for
her ow efe e or for
ha
of
he wou e a  k 
her harge
ha

he u 
 guare b a pke
or b e
re or b a eor

ha
mall arm a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e a  k a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve are fou  
he u 

ha
member of
he arme fore or o
her omba
a
 are 
he u 
for meal reao  (›r
le g3) Pro
e
o of vla meal a  relgou pero el (›r
le g5) Vc Cvla meal pero el hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e Vc Vhe Oup g Power hall affor vla meal pero el  oupe
err
ore ever a
a e
o e able
hem
o perform
o
he be
of
her abl

her huma 
ara fu 
o  Vc Cvla relgou pero el hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e „ole of
he vla popula
o a  of a oe
e (›r
le g7) Vc Vhe vla popula
o hall repe

he wou e k a  hpwreke eve f
he belo g
o
he avere Par
 a  hall omm
o a
of vole e aga 

hem Ye
fa
o (›r
le g8) Vc vla meal pero el a  vla relgou pero el houl be reog able b
he 
 
ve emblem a  a e

 ar er
f g
her 
a
u Vc a Par

o
he o fl
ma au
hore
he ue of 
 
ve g al
o e
f meal u 
 a 
ra por
 ¯eal Vra por
a
o Vc ¯eal vehle hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e 
he ame wa a moble meal u 
 (›r
le 2g)


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Vc ¯eal hp a  raf
 whe
her a
ea or  o
her wa
er be repe
e a  pro
e
e 
he ame wa a moble meal u 
 (›r
le 23) Vc ›  warhp o
he urfae able mmea
el
o e fore 
 omma  ma orer
hem
o 
op orer
hem off or make
hem
ake a er
a oure a 
he hall obe ever uh omma . Suh hp a  raf
ma o
 a  o
her wa be ver
e from
her meal mo o lo g a
he are eee for
he wou e k a  hpwreke o boar (›r
le 23) Vc › lear refual
o obe a omma  gve  aora e w
h paragraph 2 hall be a a
harmful
o
he e em (›r
le 23) Vc ¯eal arraf
hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e (›r
le 24) Vc Y a  over la  area phall o
rolle b fre l fore or  a  over ea area o
phall o
rolle b a avere Par

he repe
a  pro
e
o of meal arraf
of a Par

o
he o fl
 o
epe e
o a  agreeme
w
h a avere Par
 (›r
le 25) Vc › meal arraf
whh fle over a area phall o
rolle b a avere Par
 w
hou
 or  eva
o from
he
erm of a agreeme
 e
her
hrough avga
o al error or beaue of a emerge  affe
 g
he afe
 of
he flgh
 hall make ever effor

o e
f 
elf a 
o  form
he avere Par
 of
he rum
a e. › oo a uh meal arraf
ha bee reog e b
he avere Par

ha
Par
 hall make all reao able effor

o gve
he orer
o la  or
o algh
o wa
er or
o
ake o
her meaure
o afeguar 
 ow 
ere
 a   e
her ae
o allow
he arraf

me for ompla e before reor
 g
o a a

ak aga 

he arraf
. (›r
le 27) Vc ¯eal arraf
hall o
be ue
o olle
or
ra m

ellge e a
a a  hall o
arr a  equpme

e e for uh purpoe (›r
le 28) Vc ¯eal arraf
hall o
arr a  armame
exep
mall arm a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e k a  hpwreke o boar a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve a  uh lgh
 vual weapo  a ma be eear
o e able
he meal pero el o boar
o efe 
hemelve a 
he wou e k a  hpwreke 
her harge. (›r
le 28) Vc ¯eal arraf
fl g over area whh are phall o
rolle b a avere Par
 or over area
he phal o
rol of whh  o
learl e
ablhe ma be orere
o la  or
o algh
o wa
er a appropra
e
o perm
 pe
o  aora e w
h
he follow g paragraph. ¯eal arraf
hall obe a  uh orer. (›r
le 30) Vc Shoul a meal arraf
 
he abe e of a agreeme
or  eva
o from
he
erm of a agreeme
 fl over
he
err
or of a eu
ral or o
her S
a
e o
a Par

o
he o fl
 e
her
hrough avga
o al error or beaue of a emerge  affe
 g
he afe
 of
he flgh
 
hall make ever effor

o gve o
e of
he flgh
a 
o e
f 
elf. Vha
S
a
e hall make all reao able effor

o gve
he orer
o la  or
o algh
o wa
er
o allow
he arraf

me for ompla e before reor
 g
o a a

ak aga 

he arraf
. (›r
le 3g)

¯ g Pero  (›r
le 33) Vc › oo a rum
a e perm
 a  a

he la
e
from
he e  of a
ve ho
l
e eah Par

o
he o fl
hall earh for
he pero  who have bee repor
e m g b a avere Par
 Dea Pero  (›r
le 34) Vc Vhe rema  of pero  who have e for reao  rela
e
o oupa
o or  e
e
o reul
 g from oupa
o or ho
l
e a 
hoe or pero  o
a
o al of
he ou
r  whh
he have e a a reul
of ho
l
e hall be repe
e a 
he grave
e of all uh pero  hall be repe
e ma
a e a  marke.

Page ggJ of g *

Vc Y
he abe e of a  agreeme
a  f
he home ou
r of uh eeae  o
wll g
o arra ge a

 expe e for
he ma
e a e of uh grave
e
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
  whoe
err
or
he grave
e are 
ua
e ma offer
o fal
a
e
he re
ur of
he rema  of
he eeae
o
he home ou
r. Where uh a offer ha o
bee aep
e
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 ma af
er
he expr of fve ear from
he a
e of
he offer a  upo ue o
e
o
he home ou
r aop

he arra geme
 la ow  
 ow law rela
 g
o eme
ere a  grave.

Par
3² ¯e
ho a  ¯ea  of Warfare Comba
a
 a  POW ¯e
ho a  ¯ea  of Warfare Vc prohb
e
o emplo weapo  proje
le a  ma
eral a  me
ho of warfare of a a
ure
o aue uperfluou  jur or u eear uffer g (›r
le 35) Vc prohb
e
o emplo me
ho or mea  of warfare whh are 
e e or ma be expe
e
o aue weprea lo g-
erm a  evere amage
o
he a
ural e vro me
(›r
le 35) Vc prohb
e
o kll  jure or ap
ure a averar b reor

o perf. ›
  v
 g
he o fe e of a averar
o lea hm
o beleve
ha
he  e

le
o or  oblge
o aor pro
e
o u er
he rule of 
er a
o al law applable  arme o fl
 w
h 
e

o be
ra
ha
o fe e hall o 

u
e perf (›r
le 37) Vc „ue of war are o
prohb
e. Suh rue are a
 whh are 
e e
o mlea a averar or
o  ue hm
o a
reklel bu
whh  fr ge o rule of 
er a
o al law applable  arme o fl
a  whh are o
perfou beaue
he o o
 v
e
he o fe e of a averar w
h repe

o pro
e
o u er
ha
law. Vhe follow g are example of uh rue²
he ue of amouflage eo mok opera
o  a  m forma
o . (›r
le 37) Vc prohb
e
o make mproper ue of
he 
 
ve emblem of
he re ro re ree
or re lo a  u or of o
her emblem g  or g al (›r
le 38) Vc prohb
e
o make ue of
he 
 
ve emblem of
he U 
e ?a
o  exep
a au
hore b
ha
Orga a
o (›r
le 38) Vc prohb
e
o make ue  a arme o fl
of
he flag or ml
ar emblem  g a or u form of eu
ral or o
her S
a
e o
Par
e
o
he o fl
(›r
le 39) Vc prohb
e
o make ue of
he flag or ml
ar emblem  g a or u form of avere Par
e whle e gag g  a

ak or  orer
o hel favour pro
e
or mpee ml
ar opera
o  (›r
le 39) Vc ?o pero parahu
 g from a arraf
 
re hall be mae
he obje
of a

ak ur g h ee
(›r
le 42) Vc pero who ha parahu
e from a arraf
 
re hall be gve a oppor
u 

o urre er before be g mae
he obje
of a

ak u le 
 appare

ha
he  e gag g  a ho
le a
(›r
le 42) ›rme Fore (›r
le 43) Vc arme fore of a Par

o a o fl
o 
of all orga e arme fore group a  u 
 whh are u er a omma  repo ble
o
ha
Par
 for
he o u
or 
 ubor a
e Vc ¯ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o a o fl
(o
her
ha meal pero el a  hapla ) are omba
a

ha

o a
he have
he rgh

o par
pa
e re
l  ho
l
e. Comba
a
 a  POW Vc ›  omba
a
who fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 hall be a pro er of war. (›r
le 44)


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Vc omba
a
 are oblge
o 
 guh
hemelve from
he vla popula
o whle
he are e gage  a a

ak or  a ml
ar opera
o prepara
or
o a a

ak (›r
le 44) Vc › omba
a
who fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 whle fal g
o 
 guh hmelf from o omba
a
 hall forfe
h rgh

o be a pro er of war bu
he hall ever
hele be gve pro
e
o  equvale
 all repe

o
hoe aore
o pro er of war (›r
le 44) Vc › pero who
ake par
 ho
l
e a  fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 hall be preume
o be a pro er of war a  houl a  oub
are a
o whe
her a  uh pero  e

le
o
he 
a
u of pro er of war he hall o
 ue
o have uh 
a
u u
l uh
me a h 
a
u ha bee e
erm e b a ompe
e

rbu al. (›r
le 45) Vc a  member of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
who fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 whle e gag g  epo age hall o
have
he rgh

o
he 
a
u of pro er of war a  ma be
rea
e a a p (›r
le 46) Vc member of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
who o behalf of
ha
Par
 a  
err
or o
rolle b a avere Par
 ga
her or a

emp

o ga
her  forma
o hall o
be o ere a e gag g  epo age f whle o a
 g he  
he u form of h arme fore (›r
le 46) Vc › mere ar hall o
have
he rgh

o be a omba
a
or a pro er of war (›r
le 47)

Par
4² Cvla Popula
o Vc
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall a
all
me 
 guh be
wee
he vla popula
o a  omba
a
 a  be
wee vla obje
 a  ml
ar obje
ve a  aor gl hall re

her opera
o  o l aga 
ml
ar obje
ve (›r
le 48) Vc Y ae of oub
whe
her a pero  a vla 
ha
pero hall be o ere
o be a vla (›r
le 50) Vc Cvla obje
 hall o
be
he obje
of a

ak or of repral. (›r
le 52) Vc S
arva
o of vla  a a me
ho of warfare  prohb
e (›r
le 54) Vc Y
he o u
of ml
ar opera
o  o 
a
are hall be
ake
o pare
he vla popula
o  vla  a  vla obje
. (›r
le 57) Vc Pero  who before
he beg  g of ho
l
e were o ere a 
a
ele pero  or refugee u er
he releva

er a
o al  
rume
 aep
e b
he Par
e o er e or u er
he a
o al legla
o of
he S
a
e of refuge or S
a
e of ree e hall be pro
e
e pero  (›r
le 73) Vc Vhe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e a 
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall fal
a
e  ever poble wa
he reu o of famle pere a a reul
of arme o fl
 a  hall e ourage  par
ular
he work of
he huma 
ara orga a
o  e gage 
h
ak  aora e w
h
he provo  of
he Co ve
o  a  of
h Pro
ool a   o form
 w
h
her repe
ve eur
 regula
o . (›r
le 74) Pro
e
o of Cvla Popula
o (›r
le 5g) Vc Vhe vla popula
o a   vual vla  hall e jo ge eral pro
e
o aga 
a ger ar g from ml
ar opera
o . Vc Vhe vla popula
o a uh a well a  vual vla  hall o
be
he obje
of a

ak. ›
 or
hrea
 of vole e
he prmar purpoe of whh 
o prea
error amo g
he vla popula
o are prohb
e. Vc ›

ak aga 

he vla popula
o or vla  b wa of repral are prohb
e. Vc Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall o
re

he moveme
of
he vla popula
o or  vual vla   orer
o a

emp

o

Page gg
of g *

hel ml
ar obje
ve from a

ak or
o hel ml
ar opera
o . Pro
e
o of Cvla Obje
 Vc ›

ak hall be lm
e 
r
l
o ml
ar obje
ve. Y o far a obje
 are o er e ml
ar obje
ve are lm
e
o
hoe obje
 whh b
her a
ure loa
o  purpoe or ue make a effe
ve o
rbu
o
o ml
ar a
o a  whoe
o
al or par
al e
ru
o  ap
ure or eu
rala
o  
he rum
a e rul g a

he
me offer a ef 
e ml
ar ava
age. (›r
le 52) Vc 
 prohb
e²
o omm
a  a
 of ho
l
 re
e aga 

he h
or mo ume
 work of ar
or plae of worhp whh o 

u
e
he ul
ural or pr
ual her
age of people;
o ue uh obje
  uppor
of
he ml
ar effor
;
o make uh obje

he obje
of repral. (›r
le 53) Vc prohb
e
o a

ak e
ro remove or re er uele obje
  pe able
o
he urvval of
he vla popula
o  uh a foo-
uff agrul
ural area for
he prou
o of foo-
uff rop lve
ok r k g wa
er  
alla
o  a  upple a  rrga
o work for
he pef purpoe of e  g
hem for
her u
e a e value
o
he vla popula
o or
o
he avere Par
 (›r
le 54) Vc prohb
o  above hall o
appl
o uh of
he obje
 overe b 
a are ue b a avere Par
² a u
e a e olel for
he member of 
 arme fore; or f o
a u
e a e
he  re
uppor
of ml
ar a
o (›r
le 54) Pro
e
o of
he ?a
ural E vro me
(›r
le 55) Vc Care hall be
ake  warfare
o pro
e

he a
ural e vro me
aga 
weprea lo g-
erm a  evere amage Vc ›

ak aga 

he a
ural e vro me
b wa of repral are prohb
e. Pro
e
o of work a   
alla
o  o
a  g a gerou fore (›r
le 56) Vc Work or  
alla
o  o
a  g a gerou fore amel am ke a  ulear ele
ral ge era
 g 
a
o  hall o
be mae
he obje
of a

ak eve where
hee obje
 are ml
ar obje
ve f uh a

ak ma aue
he releae of a gerou fore a  o eque
evere loe amo g
he vla popula
o . Vc Y orer
o fal
a
e
he e
fa
o of
he obje
 pro
e
e b
h ar
le
he Par
e
o
he o fl
ma mark
hem w
h a peal g o 
 g of a group of
hree brgh
ora ge rle plae o
he ame ax Zo e u er Speal Pro
e
o Vc Y
 prohb
e for
he Par
e
o
he o fl

o a

ak b a  mea  wha
oever o -efe e loal
e (›r
le 59) Vc Vhe appropra
e au
hor
e of a Par

o
he o fl
ma elare a a o -efe e loal
 a   hab
e plae ear or  a o e where arme fore are  o
a
whh  ope for oupa
o b a avere Par
. Suh a loal
 hall fulfll
he follow g o 
o ² all omba
a
 a well a moble weapo  a  moble ml
ar equpme
mu
have bee evaua
e; o ho
le ue hall be mae of fxe ml
ar  
alla
o  or e
ablhme
; o a
 of ho
l
 hall be omm

e b
he au
hor
e or b
he popula
o ; a  o a
v
e  uppor
of ml
ar opera
o  hall be u er
ake . (›r
le 59) Vc Y
 prohb
e for
he Par
e
o
he o fl

o ex
e 
her ml
ar opera
o 
o o e o whh
he have o ferre b agreeme

he 
a
u of eml
are o e f uh ex
e o  o
rar
o
he
erm of
h agreeme
. › eml
are o e  a o e whh fulfl
he follow g o 
o ² all omba
a
 a well a moble weapo  a  moble ml
ar equpme
 mu
have


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

bee evaua
e; o ho
le ue hall be mae of fxe ml
ar  
alla
o  or e
ablhme
; o a
 of ho
l
 hall be omm

e b
he au
hor
e or b
he popula
o ; a  a  a
v
 l ke
o
he ml
ar effor
mu
have eae. (›r
le 60) Cvl Defe e Vc "Cvl efe e" mea 
he performa e of huma 
ara
ak 
e e
o pro
e

he vla popula
o aga 

he a ger a 
o help 

o reover from
he mmea
e effe
 of ho
l
e or a
er a  alo
o prove
he o 
o  eear for 
 urvval (›r
le 6g) Vc Cvla vl efe e orga a
o  a 
her pero el hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e (›r
le 62) Vc Oup g Power ma arm vl efe e pero el for reao  of eur
. (›r
le 62) Vc . Vhe pro
e
o
o whh vla vl efe e orga a
o 
her pero el bul g hel
er a  ma
érel are e

le hall o
eae u le
he omm
or are ue
o omm
 ou
e
her proper
ak a
 harmful
o
he e em. Pro
e
o ma however eae o l af
er a war  g ha bee gve e

 g whe ever appropra
e a reao able
me-lm
 a  af
er uh war  g ha rema e u heee. (›r
le 65) Vc Y
hall alo o
be o ere a a a
harmful
o
he e em
ha
vla vl efe e pero el bear lgh
 vual weapo  for
he purpoe of ma
a  g orer or for elf-efe e (›r
le 65) Vc Eah Par

o
he o fl
hall e eavour
o e ure
ha

 vl efe e orga a
o 
her pero el bul g a  ma
érel are e
fable whle
he are exluvel evo
e
o
he performa e of vl efe e
ak. (›r
le 66) Vc Vhe 
er a
o al 
 
ve g of vl efe e  a equla
eral blue
ra gle o a ora ge grou  whe ue for
he pro
e
o of vl efe e orga a
o 
her pero el bul g a  ma
érel a  for vla hel
er. (›r
le 66) „elef ›
o  Vc Yf
he vla popula
o of a 
err
or u er
he o
rol of a Par

o
he o fl
 o
her
ha oupe
err
or  o
aequa
el prove w
h upple relef a
o  whh are huma 
ara a  mpar
al  hara
er a  o u
e w
hou
a  avere 
 
o hall be u er
ake  ubje

o
he agreeme
of
he Par
e o er e  uh relef a
o . Offer of uh relef hall o
be regare a 
erfere e 
he arme o fl
or a u fre l a
. Y
he 
rbu
o of relef o g me
 pror
 hall be gve
o
hoe pero  uh a hlre  expe
a
mo
her ma
er 
 ae a  ur g mo
her who u er
he Four
h Co ve
o or u er
h Pro
ool are
o be aore prvlege
rea
me
or peal pro
e
o . (›r
le 70) Vc Eah Par
  reep
of relef o g me
 hall
o
he fulle
ex
e
pra
able a

he relef pero el  arr g ou

her relef mo . O l  ae of mpera
ve ml
ar ee
 ma
he a
v
e of
he relef pero el be lm
e or
her moveme

emporarl re
r
e. (›r
le 7g) Pe al Proeu
o  (›r
le 75) Vc ?o e
e e ma be pae a  o pe al
 ma be exeu
e o a pero fou  gul
 of a pe al offe e rela
e
o
he arme o fl
exep
purua

o a o v
o pro ou e b a mpar
al a  regularl o 

u
e our
repe
 g
he ge erall reog e pr ple of regular jual proeure whh  lue
he follow g² (a)
he proeure hall prove for a aue
o be  forme w
hou
ela of
he par
ular of
he offe e allege aga 
hm a  hall affor
he aue before a  ur g h
ral all

Page gg+ of g *

eear rgh
 a  mea  of efe e; (b) o o e hall be o v
e of a offe e exep
o
he ba of  vual pe al repo bl
; () o o e hall be aue or o v
e of a rm al offe e o aou
or a  a
or omo whh  o
o 

u
e a rm al offe e u er
he a
o al or 
er a
o al law
o whh he wa ubje
a

he
me whe 
wa omm

e; or hall a heaver pe al
 be mpoe
ha
ha
whh wa applable a

he
me whe
he rm al offe e wa omm

e; f af
er
he ommo of
he offe e provo  mae b law for
he mpo
o of a lgh
er pe al

he offe er hall be ef

hereb; () a o e harge w
h a offe e  preume  oe
u
l prove gul
 aor g
o law; (e) a o e harge w
h a offe e hall have
he rgh

o be
re  h pree e; (f) o o e hall be ompelle
o
e
f aga 
hmelf or
o o fe gul
; (g) a o e harge w
h a offe e hall have
he rgh

o exam e or have exam e
he w
ee aga 
hm a 
o ob
a
he a

e a e a  exam a
o of w
ee o h behalf u er
he ame o 
o  a w
ee aga 
hm; (h) o o e hall be proeu
e or pu he b
he ame Par
 for a offe e  repe
of whh a f al jugeme
aqu

 g or o v
 g
ha
pero ha bee prevoul pro ou e u er
he ame law a  jual proeure; () a o e proeu
e for a offe e hall have
he rgh

o have
he jugeme
pro ou e publl; a  (j) a o v
e pero hall be ave o o v
o or h jual a  o
her remee a  of
he
me-lm
 w
h whh
he ma be exere. Pro
e
o of Wome Vc Wome whoe lber
 ha bee re
r
e for reao  rela
e
o
he arme o fl
hall be hel  quar
er epara
e from me ' quar
er. Vhe hall be u er
he mmea
e upervo of wome . ?ever
hele  ae where famle are e
a e or 
er e
he hall whe ever poble be hel 
he ame plae a  aommoa
e a faml u 
. (›r
le 75) Vc Wome hall be
he obje
of peal repe
a  hall be pro
e
e  par
ular aga 
rape fore pro

u
o a  a  o
her form of  ee
aaul
. (›r
le 76) Vc Preg a
wome a  mo
her hav g epe e
 fa
 who are arre
e e
a e or 
er e for reao  rela
e
o
he arme o fl
 hall have
her ae o ere w
h
he u
mo
pror
. (›r
le 76) Vc Vo
he maxmum ex
e
feable
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e eavor
o avo
he pro ou eme
of
he ea
h pe al
 o preg a
wome or mo
her hav g epe e
 fa
 for a offe e rela
e
o
he arme o fl
. Vhe ea
h pe al
 for uh offe e hall o
be exeu
e o uh wome . (›r
le 76) Pro
e
o of Chlre Vc Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
ake all feable meaure  orer
ha
hlre who have o
a

a e
he age of ff
ee ear o o

ake a re
par
 ho
l
e a   par
ular
he hall refra from reru
 g
hem 
o
her arme fore. Y reru
 g amo g
hoe pero  who have a

a e
he age of ff
ee ear bu
who have o
a

a e
he age of egh
ee ear
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e eavour
o gve pror

o
hoe who are ole
. (›r
le 77) Vc Yf arre
e e
a e or 
er e for reao  rela
e
o
he arme o fl
 hlre hall be hel  quar
er epara
e from
he quar
er of aul
 exep
where famle are aommoa
e a faml u 
 (›r
le 77)


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

Vc Vhe ea
h pe al
 for a offe e rela
e
o
he arme o fl
hall o
be exeu
e o pero  who ha o
a

a e
he age of egh
ee ear a

he
me
he offe e wa omm

e (›r
le 77) Vc ?o Par

o
he o fl
hall arra ge for
he evaua
o of hlre  o
her
ha 
 ow a
o al
o a foreg ou
r exep
for a
emporar evaua
o where ompell g reao  of
he heal
h or meal
rea
me
of
he hlre or exep
 oupe
err
or
her afe
 o requre. Where
he pare
 or legal guara  a be fou 
her wr

e o e

o uh evaua
o  requre. Yf
hee pero  a o
be fou 
he wr

e o e

o uh evaua
o of
he pero  who b law or u
om are prmarl repo ble for
he are of
he hlre  requre. ›  uh evaua
o hall be uperve b
he Pro
e
 g Power  agreeme
w
h
he Par
e o er e amel
he Par
 arra g g for
he evaua
o 
he Par
 reev g
he hlre a  a  Par
e whoe a
o al are be g evaua
e. Y eah ae all Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
ake all feable preau
o 
o avo e a ger g
he evaua
o . (›r
le 78)

Pro
e
o of Jour al
 (›r
le 79) Vc Jour al
 e gage  a gerou profeo al mo   area of arme o fl
hall be o ere a vla  Vc Vhe ma ob
a a e

 ar mlar
o
he moel  › ex YY of
h Pro
ool. Vh ar whh hall be ue b
he gover me
of
he S
a
e of whh
he Jour al
 a a
o al or  whoe
err
or he ree or  whh
he ew meum emplo g hm  loa
e hall a

e

o h 
a
u a a jour al
. Grave Breahe (›r
le 85) Vc
he follow g a
 hall be regare a grave breahe of
h Pro
ool whe omm

e wllfull  vola
o of
he releva
provo  of
h Pro
ool a  au g ea
h or erou  jur
o bo or heal
h² (a) mak g
he vla popula
o or  vual vla 
he obje
of a

ak; (b) lau h g a  rm a
e a

ak affe
 g
he vla popula
o or vla obje
 
he k owlege
ha
uh a

ak wll aue exeve lo of lfe  jur
o vla  or amage
o vla obje
 a ef e  ›r
le 57 paragraph 2 (a)(); () lau h g a a

ak aga 
work or  
alla
o  o
a  g a gerou fore 
he k owlege
ha
uh a

ak wll aue exeve lo of lfe  jur
o vla  or amage
o vla obje
 a ef e  ›r
le 57 paragraph 2 (a)(); () mak g o -efe e loal
e a  eml
are o e
he obje
of a

ak; (e) mak g a pero
he obje
of a

ak 
he k owlege
ha
he  hor e omba
; (f)
he perfou ue of
he 
 
ve emblem of
he re ro re ree
or re lo a  u or of o
her pro
e
ve g  reog e b
he Co ve
o  or
h Pro
ool Vc
he follow g hall be regare a grave breahe of
h Pro
ool whe omm

e wllfull a   vola
o of
he Co ve
o  or
he Pro
ool² (a)
he
ra fer b
he oup g Power of par
 of 
 ow vla popula
o 
o
he
err
or 
oupe or
he epor
a
o or
ra fer of all or par
 of
he popula
o of
he oupe
err
or w
h or ou
e
h
err
or Vc (b) u ju
fable ela 
he repa
ra
o of pro er of war or vla ; () pra
e of apar
he a  o
her  huma a  egra g pra
e  volv g ou
rage upo pero al g 
 bae o raal rm a
o ; () mak g
he learl-reog e h
or mo ume
 work of ar
or plae of worhp whh o 

u
e
he ul
ural or pr
ual her
age of people a 
o whh peal pro
e
o ha bee

Page g)* of g *

gve b peal arra geme
 for example w
h
he framework of a ompe
e

er a
o al orga a
o 
he obje
of a

ak au g a a reul
ex
e ve e
ru
o
hereof where
here  o eve e of
he vola
o b
he avere Par
 of ›r
le 53 ubparagraph (b) a  whe uh h
or mo ume
 work of ar
a  plae of worhp are o
loa
e 
he mmea
e proxm
 of ml
ar obje
ve; (e) eprv g a pero pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o  or referre
o  paragraph 2 of
h ›r
le of
he rgh
 of far a  regular
ral. Vc grave breahe of
hee  
rume
 hall be regare a war rme Y
er a
o al Fa
-F  g Commo (›r
le 90) Vc a) › Y
er a
o al Fa
-F  g Commo (here af
er referre
o a "
he Commo ") o 
 g of g5 member of hgh moral 
a  g a  ak owlege mpar
al
 hall be e
ablhe; (b) Whe o
le
ha 20 úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e have agree
o aep

he ompe
e e of
he Commo purua

o paragraph 2
he epo
ar hall
he  a  a

erval of fve ear
hereaf
er o ve e a mee
 g of repree
a
ve of
hoe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e for
he purpoe of ele
 g
he member of
he Commo . ›

he mee
 g
he repree
a
ve hall ele

he member of
he Commo b ere
ballo
from a l
of pero 
o whh eah of
hoe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e ma om a
e o e pero ; () Vhe member of
he Commo hall erve 
her pero al apa
 a  hall hol offe u
l
he ele
o of ew member a

he e u g mee
 g; () ›

he ele
o 
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e hall e ure
ha

he pero 
o be ele
e
o
he Commo  vuall poe
he qualfa
o  requre a 
ha
 
he Commo a a whole equ
able geographal repree
a
o  aure; (e) Y
he ae of a aual vaa 
he Commo 
elf hall fll
he vaa  hav g ue regar
o
he provo  of
he pree g ubparagraph; (f) Vhe epo
ar hall make avalable
o
he Commo
he eear am 
ra
ve fal
e for
he performa e of 
 fu 
o . Vc Vhe Commo hall be ompe
e

o² ()  qure 
o a  fa
 allege
o be a grave breah a ef e 
he Co ve
o  a 
h Pro
ool or o
her erou vola
o of
he Co ve
o  or of
h Pro
ool; () fal
a
e
hrough 
 goo offe
he re
ora
o of a a


ue of repe
for
he Co ve
o  a 
h Pro
ool; () Y o
her 
ua
o 
he Commo hall  

u
e a  qur a

he reque
of a Par

o
he o fl
o l w
h
he o e
of
he o
her Par
 or Par
e o er e; (e) Subje

o
he forego g provo  or
h paragraph
he provo  of ›r
le 52 of
he Fr
Co ve
o  ›r
le 53 of
he Seo  Co ve
o  ›r
le g32 or
he Vhr Co ve
o a  ›r
le g49 of
he Four
h Co ve
o hall o
 ue
o appl
o a  allege vola
o of
he Co ve
o  a  hall ex
e 
o a  allege vola
o of
h Pro
ool. „epo bl
 (›r
le 9g) Vc › Par

o
he o fl
whh vola
e
he provo  of
he Co ve
o  or of
h Pro
ool hall f
he ae ema  be lable
o pa ompe a
o . Y
hall be repo ble for all a
 omm

e b pero  form g par
of 
 arme fore. De u a
o (›r
le 99) Vc Y ae a úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 houl e ou e
h Pro
ool
he e u a
o hall o l
ake effe
o e ear af
er reep
of
he  
rume
of e u a
o . Yf however o
he expr of
ha
ear
he e ou  g Par
  e gage  o e of
he 
ua
o 


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

¬

referre
o  ›r
le Y
he e u a
o hall o

ake effe
before
he e  of
he arme o fl
or oupa
o a  o
  a  ae before opera
o  o e
e w
h
he f al releae repa
ra
o or re-e
ablhme
of
he pero  pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o or
h Pro
ool have bee
erm a
e. Vc Vhe e u a
o hall be o
fe  wr
 g
o
he epo
ar whh hall
ra m


o all
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e.

c.$c $c

Page g)g of g *


 
ve emblem me
o e  ›r
le g a  2 a 
her eg a
o   lu g
he perfou ue a 
he ue of a  g or eg a
o o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof. ?o
w
h
a  g
he paragraph above úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e ma perm
pror uer of
he
hr Pro
ool emblem or of a  g o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof
o o
 ue uh ue prove
ha

he a ue hall o
be uh a woul appear 
me of arme o fl

o o fer
he pro
e
o of
he Ge eva Co ve
o  a  where applable
he g977 ›
o al Pro
ool a  prove
ha

he rgh

o uh ue were aqure before
he aop
o of
h Pro
ool.

$c'  ccc c ccg)c'cg++,c c ccc $ cc4 $

cc 9Y c ' c $c5 $cYY8,c
c!cg+JJ/c Vhe rule oberve  
er a
o al arme o fl
 are alo applable  o -
er a
o al arme o fl
.

 c Y
Y 


  
ccYc
 $c cY c +c '/c"= - Y' Y- c'(c

c  c $c c $c  ccc c ccg)c'cg++,c c ccc' ccc'  c%  $ c"  c 5 $cYYY8,c
c%$ c)**2c  D
 
ve Emblem (›r
le 2) Vc Vh Pro
ool reog e a a
o al 
 
ve emblem  a
o
o a  for
he ame purpoe a
he 
 
ve emblem of
he Ge eva Co ve
o . Vhe 
 
ve emblem hall e jo equal 
a
u. Vc Vh a
o al 
 
ve emblem ompoe of a re frame 
he hape of a quare o ege o a wh
e grou  hall o form
o
he llu
ra
o 
he › ex
o
h Pro
ool. Vh 
 
ve emblem  referre
o 
h Pro
ool a
he "
hr Pro
ool emblem". Y a
ve ue of
he
hr Pro
ool emblem (›r
le 3) Vc ?a
o al Soe
e of
hoe úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e whh ee
o ue
he
hr Pro
ool emblem ma  u g
he emblem  o form
 w
h releva
a
o al legla
o  hooe
o  orpora
e w
h 
 for  a
ve purpoe² a) a 
 
ve emblem reog e b
he Ge eva Co ve
o  or a omb a
o of
hee emblem; or b) a o
her emblem whh ha bee  effe
ve ue b a úgh Co
ra
 g Par
 a  wa
he ubje
of a ommu a
o
o
he o
her úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e a 
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro
hrough
he epo
ar pror
o
he aop
o of
h Pro
ool.

› o e of
he mo
 am fel of 
er a
o al ommeral law
oa foreg  ve
me
law ha u ergo e a rap evolu
o  
a
e pra
e w
h
he ree
pa
. Vhere are ma  e
er of o
rover w
h
he larger fel of foreg  ve
me
law bu
arguabl
he mo
o
e
ou ue rema 
ha
of expropra
o . Vhe o
ex
of 
er a
o al expropra
o rule ²
he home 
a
e (where
he  ve
me
 loa
e) expropra
e
he rgh
 of ow erhp of
he  ve
or 
a
e (who 
roue
he  ve
me
a 
o whom uh  ve
me
belo g) who a a ale  ma rel o 
er a
o al law for
he 
a ar of
rea
me

ha
houl be aore
o 
. We mu
remember
ha
expropra
o  al
hough reog e a o e of
he  here
a

rbu
e of overeg
 aume a 
er a
o al a 
herefore more omplex me o whe exere aga 
foreg proper
 beaue (g)
he  ve
or 
a
e be g a ubje
of a foreg 
a
e a o
be eeme
o have bee omple
el ubume u er
he au
hor
 a  overeg
 of
he home 
a
e b vr
ue merel of
her o
ra
ual rela
o  (2)
he rela
o hp of home a   ve
or 
a
e are learl ef e u er a  ve
me
o
ra
whh aor g
o 
 verbage ma or ma o
make refere e
o 
er a
o al law  ae of o fl
 
he former ae
he eall abolu
e exere of
he home 
a
e  overeg
 beome lm
e
o a er
a ex
e
b
he 
a ar of 
er a
o al law. Y avga
 g
hrough
he
urbule
wa
er of expropra
o rule o e ma be gue b
he follow g pr ple whh
o a
e ma be a
o gover foreg  ve
me
law² g.c Vhe orm rema 
o be
he harmo a
o of all oure of legal oblga
o . O e par

o a  ve
me
o
ra
a o

herefore re ege o
he u
e 
volu
arl aume o
he pre
ex
of ompl g w
h a u
 or exer g a rgh
f
he oure of uh u
 or rgh
ome 
o o fl
w
h
he oblga
o  la ow 
he  ve
me
o
ra
a  or u
omar law. Vhe home 
a
e 
herefore o
allowe
o u la
erall revoke  ve
me
agreeme
 o
he ba of 
 abolu
e overeg
 over 
 a
ural reoure beaue uh exere of overeg
 mu
a muh a poble be o o a
w
h
he u

o ompl w
h oblga
o  vall e
ere 
o.

r

Who ma ue
he 3 pro
ool emblem Vc ?a
o al oe
e of hgh o
ra
 g par
e (›r
le 3) Vc Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he „e Cro a 
he Y
er a
o al Feera
o of „e Cro a  „e Cree
Soe
e a 
her ul au
hore pero el (›r
le 4) Vc meal erve a  relgou pero el par
pa
 g  opera
o  u er
he aupe of
he U 
e ?a
o  (›r
le 5) Preve
o a  „epreo of ¯ue (›r
le 6) Vc Vhe provo  of
he Ge eva Co ve
o  a  where applable
he g977 ›
o al Pro
ool gover  g preve
o a  repreo of mue of
he 
 
ve emblem hall appl equall
o
he
hr Pro
ool emblem. Y par
ular
he úgh Co
ra
 g Par
e hall
ake meaure eear for
he preve
o a  repreo  a
all
me of a  mue of
he

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cc '$c&!cccc


c cc  c9 c 
¬

¬

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2.c Yf harmo a
o  o
poble
he orm rema 
o be
he exproprabl
 of ever proper
. ›l
hough  ve
me
o
ra
 mu
be omple w
h  goo fa
h all 
a
e reog e
he val
 of
he exere of a home 
a
e of 
 preroga
ve
o expropra
e. Vhe home 
a
e a
herefore
ake foreg proper
 a 
here are o e
ablhe abolu
e exep
o 
o
h rule (mea  g
here are o ae where
he home 
a
e a be a
o be abolu
el barre or prelue from expropra
 g). Vhe o l ffere e le 
he legal o eque e of ever a
of
ak g whh woul epe  o whe
her
he
ak g wa lawful or o
 or whe
her
he par
e exprel prove 
he  ve
me
o
ra
for
he proee
o be omple w
h ur g uh expropra
or a
.

3.c For ever a
of expropra
o 
he orm rema 
o be
he ompe abl
 of ever a
of
ak g. Yf
he home 
a
e
ake 
 bou 
o pa. Vh 
he preval g rule  urre

a
e pra
e a  op o jur. Vhe home 
a
e ma exere 
 preroga
ve
o expropra
e bu

a o
o o w
hou
ompe a
 g
he  ve
or 
a
e or a
lea
re 
a
 g
he 
a
u quo a
e (mea  g
he o era
o  pa for a  be ef
 reeve u er
he o
ra
woul be re
ore
o
he repe
ve par
e). Vhe u

o pa ompe a
o ma
ake varou form. Y
ma be (g) a eear legal o eque e of
he expropra
or a
 a prove exprel 
he  ve
me
o
ra
(2) a eear legal o eque e of
he expropra
or a
  aora e w
h u
omar law (3) a al
er a
ve form of ex
 guhme
of a legal oblga
o ( 
ea of perform g
he oblga
o  u er
he o
ra

he home 
a
e hooe
o re 
a
e
he 
a
u quo a
e b gv g bak a ompe a
o 
he o era
o for
he o
ra
plu o
her  e
al aju
me
) or (4) 
he form of pu 
ve amage where
he
ak g wa ajuge
o be u lawful  whh ae
he o
ra
ma be e fore or f performa e  alrea mpoble
he home 
a
e ma be requre
o pa ompe a
o  a amou

ha
woul approxma
e
he value of
he proper

ake a 
he amage aue b
he u lawful
ak g. Vhe fa

ha
ompe a
o mu
be pa  ge erall aep
e a a orm;
he o l po
of o
e
o 
he QU›?VU¯ of uh ompe a
o . úow muh houl be pa  of
e a ubje
of eba
e a 
here  a e
o fxe rule  e
erm  g
he value of ompe a
o
ha
mu
be pa. Y pra
e however wha

he home 
a
e pa
he  ve
or woul uuall be a ma

er of ego
a
o a  o 
o e upo
he f a al rum
a e of
he home 
a
e. Vhere are ome ae where
he orm of ompe abl
  beleve
o be  applable al
hough uh exemp
o  are fou  
he wr
 g of publ
 a  o au
hor
a
ve eo ha e
bee re ere reog  g
hee exemp
o  a uh. Vhe example are 40 4g
he
ax g power of
he 
a
e  regula
or
ak g  a  42 pole power .

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Page g)) of g *

4.c Y a  ae
he orm rema 
o be e foreabl
 of ever 
er a
o al legal oblga
o  regarle of
he oure. Vhe  ve
me
o
ra
ma be prmarl
he law be
wee
he par
e. úowever b vr
ue of
he fa

ha
 ve
me
agreeme
 are of
e o lue be
wee 
a
e or be
wee prva
e e

e purua

o a
rae agreeme
o lue b
her repe
ve 
a
e 
er a
o al legal oblga
o  woul  ev
abl ome 
o pla. › uh from
he
me
he  ve
or 
a
e 
roue
he foreg proper
 
o
he home 
a
e 
err
or bo
h woul have
o be gue b
he oblga
o  whh bo
h are bou 
o u er 
er a
o al law. › a o eque e
he home 
a
e a o
be perm

e
o u er
ake a expropra
o  uh ma er a
o be vola
ve of o
her 
er a
o al legal oblga
o  lke (g)
he u

o oberve pa
a u
43 erva a u er u
omar law (2)
he u

o aor foreg  ve
or w
h
he 
er a
o al m mum 
a ar 44 of
rea
me
u er u
omar law (3)
he u

o expropra
e for a publ purpoe o a o -rm a
or ba a  w
h pame
of ju
ompe a
o u er u
omar law45 or (4)
he u

o oberve eleme
ar rule of o
ra
ual rela
o  a emboe  ge eral pr ple of law rela
 g
o o
ra
46. Y eal g w
h
he ue of expropra
o  o e mu
be gue b ba U?
ex

ouh g o expropra
o ²

?a
o ala
o  expropra
o or requ
o  g hall be bae o grou  or reao  of publ u
l
 eur
 or
he a
o al 
ere
whh are reog e a overr g purel  vual or prva
e 
ere
 bo
h ome
 a  foreg . Y uh ae
he ow er hall be pa appropra
e ompe a
o   aora e w
h
he rule  fore 
he

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  c c    c c

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($cc& c( c , c
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Page g) of g *

S
a
e
ak g uh meaure 
he exere of 
 overeg
 a   aora e w
h 
er a
o al law. (›„VYCLE 4)


he pr ple of
he law of Lba ommo
o
he pr ple of 
er a
o al law a  
he abe e of uh ommo pr ple
he b a   aora e w
h
he ge eral pr ple of law  lu g uh of
hoe pr ple a ma have bee apple b 
er a
o al
rbu al. Fur
her u er
he o eo o
ra
 a  pu
e ar g from
he 
erpre
a
o of
he
erm of
he agreeme
( lu g allege breahe of
he 
abla
o laue) hall be ubm

e
o 
er a
o al arb
ra
o .

Foreg  ve
me
agreeme
 freel e
ere 
o b or be
wee overeg S
a
e hall be oberve  goo fa
h; S
a
e a  
er a
o al orga a
o  hall 
r
l a  o e
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he overeg
 of people a  a
o  over
her a
ural weal
h a  reoure  aora e w
h
he Char
er a 
he pr ple e
for
h 
he pree
reolu
o . (›„VYCLE 8)

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Vo a
o ale expropra
e or
ra fer ow erhp of foreg proper
  whh ae appropra
e ompe a
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 g uh meaure
ak g 
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 releva
law a  regula
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he S
a
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 e
. Y a  ae where
he que
o of ompe a
o gve re
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rover 
hall be e

le u er
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 law of
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a
e a  b 

rbu al u le 
 freel a  mu
uall agree b all S
a
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ha
o
her peaeful mea  be ough
o
he ba of
he overeg equal
 of S
a
e a   aora e w
h
he pr ple of free hoe of mea . (›„VYCLE 2 Par. 2 Subpar. C) ((( Y  m 
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› úarr o
e
he ͞Char
er ha o
a

a e
he 
a
u of u
om beaue evelope 
a
e have effe
vel mou
e a re
a e
o
he laue whh oe o
requre a ͞publ purpoe preo 
o
o expropra
o . Vhe ame 
rue w
h
he Delara
o o
he E
ablhme
of
he ?ew Y
er a
o al Eo om Orer a o
her U? G› „eolu
o bake b evelop g ou
re whh wa overre  aor g
o Wale b
he h
oral  l a
o
owar marke
lberalm. Vhe formula of evelop g 
a
e aor g
o hm wa mpl  ompa
ble w
h
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e e 
owar promo
o of foreg  ve
me

he la

er requr g aequa
e a  
able pro
e
o  a a  ueme

o rk-avere foreg  ve
or. Vhe follow g urve of ae law o expropra
o repree

he vew
ake b 
er a
o al
rbu al  
erpre
 g
he ffere
opera
ve
erm of
he aforequo
e
ex
² c

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