Psyco 2

 

1- Most people people experience experience infantile infantile amnesia, the inability inability to remember events events before the age of 3 or 4 a- True  b- False False 2- When childre children n develop-------, develop-------, they come to understa understand nd tha thatt peopl peoplee have tho thought ughts, s, feeli feelings, ngs, and  beliefs that are different different from their own. a- Secure attachment  b- Cognitive awareness c- Theory of mind d- Insecure attachment

3- Kohlberg considered advanced moral moral reasoning reasoning to include a consid consideration eration of the greater good for all people, with less thought given to personal wishes or fear of punishment. This is reached at the: a- Preconventional stage of moral development bOperational stage of moral development c- Postconventional stage of moral development d None of the answers are true

4- A 1-week 1-week-old -old infant infant n normal ormally ly can ---------------a- Disp Displa lay y soci social al sm smil iles es  b- Grasp a caregiver’s finger  c- See a ccare aregiv giver er acr across oss the roo room m d- Turn his or her her head head toward toward the smell of milk  milk 

5- Students Students were were asked about about the the speed of cars cars involved involved in an acciden accidentt when the v verb erb was changed from contacted to smashed ………. a- Participa Participants nts estimate estimated d the speed speed of the vehicle vehicle involve involved d in the cra crash sh to be lower lower when the the was smashed  b- verb Participants esti estimated mated the speed of the vehicle vehicle involved in the crash crash to be higher c- It had no effect on estimates d- It had no effect on the participant’s estimate of the speed of the vehicle involved in the crash

6- Gardner’s Gardner’s theory theory of multiple multiple intelligenc intelligences es holds that that there are …… distinct distinct forms of intelligen intelligence ce a- Countless  b- Eight or nine c- Three or four  d- About twenty

 

7- general general intellige intelligence nce (g) is the idea idea that one general general factor factor underl underlies ies inte intellig lligence ence a- true  b- false

8- a psychologist psychologist shows a child two rows of coins and then spreads out one row and asks which row has more. Which Piagetian concept is she probably testing a- formal operations bobject permanence cconservation d- assimilation

9- tests designed designed to assess assess what a pers person on has has learned learned a- personality tests  b- aptitude tests c- achi achiev evem emen entt te test stss d- general intelligence 10- older adults generally perform ------- than young people people on vocabulary tests tests and------ on tests of working memory and information processing speed a- better, worse  b- better, better better cwors wo rse, e, be bett tter er dworse, worse

11- piaget’s theories of development development have been very influential but recent recent findings present challenges to some of his ideas. Which of the following statements is not a challenge to piaget’s theories? a- Children Children younger younger than than 3 can understan understand d the conc concepts epts of “mo “more re than” and and “less th than” an” when when using M&M’s  b- All of the options c- Babies Babies can demons demonstrate trate o object bject permanence permanence in the the first first few months months of life life d- Children can move back and forth between stages when working on tasks

12- Gender roles define culturally culturally learned characteri characteristics stics associated with with males and females a- Someone whoTrue  b- False

 

13- Estimating the likelihood likelihood of events based based on their availabi availability lity in memory. Ex: often sseeing eeing  people wearing scarfs leads leads you to think they they are the current trend a- Fixation  b- Availabilit Availability y heuristic cConfirmation bias d- Mindset

14- Select the statement that is incorrect a- Amnesia can be caused by brain injury, disease, or trauma  b- Transience is memory decay that that occurs over time c- Suggestibility is considered to be one of the seven sins of memory d- Absentmindedness is forgetfulness caused by issues with retrieval

15- Which of these these is not true of the WAIS-IV IQ test? test? a- The test test is scored scored so that that the the mean score score across across the the popu populatio lation n is 100  b- The rest is scored so tthat hat two/thirds of the the population have have IQs between 85 and 115 c- It is only intended to measure the IQ of children between age 2 and adulthood d- It contains subsections with test various verbal and non-verbal abilities

16- Symbolic representations representations are abstract represen representations tations with no rea reall connection to actual objects. aTrue  b- False

17- Usually during the the first month of every new year, year, we put the previous year d down own when writing the date. This is an example of: a- Retroactive interference  b- Proactive interference c- Amnesia d- So Sour urce ce misa misatt ttri ribu buti tion on

18- Which is not true about conceptual conceptual prototypes? prototypes? a- People People will will name protot prototypes ypes more more qu quickl ickly y than non-pro non-prototy totypes pes  b- They possess the ma majority jority of distinct attributes attributes that define define the category, such as wings wings and  beaks in birds c- Concepts Concepts always always have have an assoc associate iated d protot prototype ype d- They may change over time with experience

 

19- There is likely a genetic genetic component to intel intelligence ligence that involv involves es many genes a- True  b- False

20- Rash and risky in adolescents can be explained by the fact that a- Adolescents are eager to become adults and take control of their lives bThe frontal cortex of the brain is not fully myelinated until the mid20s cAll of the answers are true d- Changes experienced during adolescence are accomplished by anger and depression

21- A negative consequence consequence of schemas and scripts is that they may reinforce ste stereotypes reotypes and  biases a- True  b- Fal False se

22- In which part of the brain does does damage often result iin n language dysfunction dysfunction a- Frontal lo lobe  b- Left hemi hemisphe sphere re c- Sensory cortex d- Right hemisphere

23----- -is the strengthening of synaptic connections, making the postsynaptic neurons more easily 23------is activated by presynaptic neurons a- Retrieval  b- Reconsolidation c- Consolidation d- Long-term potentiation

24- In Piaget’s stages of cognitive cognitive development, development, the stage where children can think think about objects they cannot see and can initiate symbolic play is referred to as: a- The sensorimotor stage  b- The concrete operational operational stage stage cThe formal operational stage dThe preoperational stage

25- According to the Chomsky’s theory, theory, language determines determines thoughts a- True  b- False False

 

26- The smallest unit unit of meaning in a language is a: a- Phoneme  b- Propositional representation representation c- Morpheme d- Concept

27- Your roommate buys meat described described as 75 percent lean iinstead nstead of meat described as 25 percent fat. This is an example of the “framing” heuristic a- True  b- False

28- Someone who understands understands their own emotions emotions,, shows empathy, and understands understands social relationships and cues would have high -------a- Emotional  b- Social c- Naturalist d- Linguistic

29- Scripts are schemas that guide guide behavior. Only one one of these statements about about scripts is wrong: a- They provide quick and almost effortless guides to behavior in different situations  b- They provide flexib flexible le way of assessing different different situations w when hen changes arise c- They emphas emphasize ize independ independent ent analysis analysis of of every situat situation ion and so ar aree time consuming consuming d- They can reinforce undesirable behaviors

30- If a caregiver demonstrates inconsistent inconsistent Reponses Reponses toward their child, child, then the child may develop a/an-------attachment, where the child both seek and reject caring contact a- Secure  b- Insecure avoidant c- In Inse secu cure re ambi ambiva vale lent nt d- Disorganized

31- Parents with high empathy empathy are more likely to have have children with high empathy empathy a- True  b- False

 

32- Which of the following statements statements is true true about attachment? a- If an infant cri cries es as the caretaker caretaker leaves leaves the room during during the strangestrange-situ situatio ation n test, the in infant fant is  probably insecurely attached attached  b- Attachment to a caretaker o occurs ccurs when the caretaker provides provides contact comfort and security c- Children w with ith secure attachments will always always grow up to be better adjusted than children children wi with th insecure attachments d- Attachmen Attachmentt to the caretaker caretaker is is formed because because the the caretaker caretaker provides provides food

33- Due to infantile infantile amnesia, amnesia, infants cannot learn a- True  b- False

34- Which of the statements below holds true true about intelligence in in older age? a- None of the answers are true  b- Fluid intelligen intelligence ce remains unchanged c- Cognitiv Cognitivee training training does not postp postpone one memory memory defic deficits its d- People People generally generally maint maintain ain their their intelli intelligence gence into into ve very ry old age

35- This is true true of separation separation anxiety anxiety a- It is manifested manifested in situat situations ions where where children children are separated separated from from their att attachmen achmentt figu figures res  b- It takes place when at attachment tachment figure moves further further away and there are strangers present cIt takes place in the case of insecurely attached children d- It is manifested by the child moving closer to the stranger than to the attachment figure

36- Erikson conceptualized conceptualized identity formation formation in terms of eight stages stages of human development. Which statement is true of Erikson’s stages? a- Erikson’s Erikson’s stages stages of of developm development ent span from ages 0-18 0-18  b- At the end of the eigh eightt stages, you learn that the the world is safe and secure p place lace to be in c- Identity Identity and rol rolee confusion confusion define define a troublesome troublesome stage stage of development development which which affec affects ts males more than females d- In the stage stage of industry industry vs. inferiorit inferiority, y, children children learn learn about how others others view view them and learn a sense of competence

37- Fluid intelligence intelligence tend to -------- with with age while while crystallized crystallized intelligence intelligence tends to-- - -with age. a- Increase, stay the same  b- Increase, decrease c- Decrease, stay the same d- Decrease, increase

 

38- Anchoring is tendency, tendency, in making judgments, judgments, to rely on the first pie piece ce of information encountered that comes most quickly to mind a- True  b- Fal False se

39- Research has shown shown that most fo forgetting rgetting occurs occurs because of interference interference  b- False

40- People rarely use heuristics, heuristics, or mental shortcuts, shortcuts, to make decisions a- True  b- False

41- Tyler is learning to read read and write but having a difficult time. He sometimes sometimes switches up the letters and words in the sentences and almost always writes his name backwards. Which learning disability does he probably have? a- Dysgraphia  b- An intellectual disability c- Dyslexia d- Dysthymia

42- Humans are born with the the ability to perceive movement movement as illustrated in newborns’ preferences for moving stimuli as opposed to stationary ones a- True  b- False

43- Madeline is seven months months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify a- Re Rev vers ersib ibiilit ity y  b- Stranger anxiety c- Egocentrism d- object permanence

44- --------- area is to language comprehension as---------area is to language production. production. a- We Wern rnic icke ke’s ’s,, Broca Broca’s ’s

 

 b- Broca’s, Wernicke’s c- Skinner’s Skinner’s,, Chomsky’ Chomsky’ d- Chomsky’s, skinner’s

45- Which of the following is not true about about teratogens? a- Different organs are vulnerable to teratogens at different times bSmoking, alcohol, and drugs are examples of teratogens c- Mothers stress level is considered as a teratogen to the zygote and embryo, but not to the fetus dEnvironmental pollutants and ionizing radiation can cause birth defects

46- Select the statements that that is correct regarding the the cognitive-affective personality personality system system (CAPS): (2). a- All All cho choic ices es ar aree corr correc ectt  b- People’s personalit personalities ies often fail to predict their behavior across different different circumstances c- This model emphasize emphasizess self-re self-regula gulation tion capacitie capacitiess d- Personali Personality ty represents represents behavio behaviorr that emerges emerges from the interact interaction ion of perceptio perception n of a situation, emotional reaction, anticipation of outcome, and relevant skills.

47- Which of the following is classed as basic emotion? (9) a- Guilt  b- Disgust c- Shame d- Jealousy

48- According to cannon-bard theory theory of emotion: emotion: (18) a- Psychological arousal precedes emotional experience c- Emotional Emotional experience experience and psycho psychologi logical cal arousa arousall occur occur at the same same time time d- We cannot experience different emotions

49- The James-Lange theory holds holds that we experien experience ce an emotion first after (24) a- Cognitive appraisal of the experience  b- Psychological arousal arousal c- Emotional analyzes d- Identification each factor of the event

50- There are some aspects of personality personality that are more biologically biologically determined. determined. Which of the following is not one of these aspects: (1)

 

a- Emotionality  b- Reactivity c-Activity level  d- Sociability

51- Most trait theorists believe that behavior behavior is determined jointly by situat situations ions and underlying dispositions a- True  b- Fal False se

52- According to the affect as information theory, people people make decisions based based on their emotional expectation of the action’s outcome a- True  b- Fal False se

53- Which o off the following statements is true regarding Gender differences a- Boys express more negative emotions, such as being angry, during childhood  b- Girls demonstrated stronger abilities to control their attention attention c- Boys demonstrate stronger abilities to resist their impulses dGirls demonstrated preference for rough and tumble play

54- The James-Lange theory of of emotion argues that arou arousal sal precedes our emotion emotional al experience a- True

55- Theorists believe that the fast system prepares prepares animals to respond to a threat in case the slower pathway confirms the threat a- True  b- False

56- Which study supports Schachter-Singer’s Schachter-Singer’s idea that emotion is the interpreta interpretation tion of the interaction of the interaction of psychological arousal and the cognitive label we apply to explain the arousal a- Partcipans were injeced wih epinephrine. Some were old abou is arousal efecs

and some were not, then they observed either angry or euphoric behavior. While everyone that received an injection of epinephrine experienced the same physiological arousal, only those who were not expecting the arousal used context to interpret the arousal as a change in emotional state.

 

 b- Participants were asked to to group together to watch movies and provide feedback  c- Parti Participan cipants ts in a study thought thought cartoo cartoons ns were funnier funnier when holing holing a pen between between their  their  teeth (mimicking the facial action if a smile) compared to when holding a pen between their lips (similar to a frown) d- Parti Participan cipants ts were shown shown various various animals animals and insects insects (snakes, (snakes, spiders, spiders, ect.) ect.) and their  physiological responses responses were recorded and de demonstrated monstrated reactions ev even en prior to the  persons stating that that how they felt

57- According to Damasio’s somatic marker theory a gut gut feeling is not real a- True  b- False

58----------believed that psychological arousal is very similar across the different types of emotions that we experience. For example, our body might respond similarly to getting a new job or getting a fired from a job. These researchers claims that the cognitive appraisal of the situation is critical to the actual emotion experienced. Select one: a- Ma Mast ster erss and and John Johnso son n  b- Two-factor SchachterSinger c- Maslow d- James-Lange

59- Which of the following following statements statements is incorrect: a- Individua Individuall tend tend to become become mo more re agreeab agreeable le with with age age  b- Individual tend to become less open to new new experiences with age age c- Individual tend to become less extraverted as they get older  d- Individual tend to become more neurotic the older they get

60- Only one of these statements statements is true about cognitive cognitive therapy, it seeks seeks to: a- Identify adaptative thought patterns  b- Unlearn maladaptive behav behaviors iors c- Elimi Eliminat natee maladap maladaptiv tivee thought thought patte patterns rns d- All the statements are correct

61- Which of the following statements statements is true regarding the stability of personali personality ty traits a- Most changes to personality occur during childhood and adolescence  b- The big five personality personality traits are generally stable over the lifespan c- It is not possible to change personality in adulthood d- The aging of the brain causes personality to change drastically over the lifespan

 

62- Both the slow and fast pathways pathways are controlled controlled by the a- Amygdala  b- Hypothala Hypothalamus mus c- Thalamus d- Frontal cortex

63- Cross cultural research shows that there is no such thing as a universal set set of personality traits a- True  b- False

64- The phenomenon of misattribution misattribution of arousal (e.g. thinking you are in love love when really you are  just scared) is best explained explained by which theo theory ry of emotion a- Th Thee twotwo-fa fact ctor or th theo eory ry  b- The James-Lange theory c- Th Thee wis wishf hful ul th thin inki king ng theory theo ry d- The cannon-Bard theory

65- People who are experiencing experiencing high levels of arousal arousal from one event tend to experience experience unrelated emotions more strongly too. This is called: a- Ex Exci cita tati tion on tr tran ansf sfer  er   b- General adaptation ssyndr yndrome ome c- Spreading activity d- The cannon-bard hypothesis

66- Emotional information information is often conveyed conveyed through a- Words  b- Body language and facial expressions c- Sleep patterns d- Tone, facial expression, and body language

67- The Schachter-singer Schachter-singer theory of emotion consists of a-- -- -along with the physiological physiological componen componentt of an experience a- Emotion  b- Hierarchy of needs c- Fi Figh ghtt o orr flig flight ht re resp spon onse se d- Cognitive appraisal

 

68- When you see a familiar face but but cannot remember the person person’s ’s name this is due to blocking a- True  b- Fals Falsee

69- Consolidation is a critical step in the encoding encoding phase of memory False (storage) 70- Jeremy had a stroke stroke last year which which caused him him to be unable unable to --His hippocampus 71- According to the Yerkes Yerkes Dadson law, when is th thee most efficient time for Bron Bronte te to complete the easy task of vacuuming her apartment After coming back from a short jog 72- 3 year old lacy always gets gets her favorite juice in her her Scooby-Doo cup, so she dru drunks nks readily -------this is an example of  Discrimination between Scooby-Doo cup and dora cup 73- A new born baby knowing knowing how to suck to get food is an example of instinct

74- What are the stages stages of the sexual sexual response cycle?

Desire (libido). Arousal (excitement). Orgasm. Resolution.  after

a long day at work Jana got into her car and drove home she used the same route she usually does without even thinking about it classical conditioning

  jamila was asked to go to the supermarket to bring bring around 15 items however she only brought  back the last five items that her mother mentioned recency effect Memories of meaning of words concepts or general facts are called semantic memories Memories of events that are associated with particular time place and context are called Episodic memories Imagine that the first car you learn to drive was a manual transmission with a clutch but the car you drive now is an automatic sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there

 

this example illustrates………. Proactive interference Before going grocery shopping Amanda read her shopping list from top to bottom but forgot to bring the list with her she was trying to remember what she needed to get from the dairy section but could not remember what it was she failed to Recall

 shadi is feeling overwhelmed and angry because his manager gave him more work to do when shado returns home he snaps at his wife when she invites him to the dinner table for them to eat together this is an example of  acCording to the James Lang theory of emotion I see the bear I begin to tremble and I am scared  people across cultures are able to recognize happiness disgust anger and sadness  the term cognitive appraisal refers to our tendency to judge other people depending on the intelligence true

The facial feedback hypothesis means that

The two factor theory of emotion implicates prior prior cognition and perceptions in labeling emotions

Whereas glutamate imhibits action potentials, and reduces anxiety, is antagonist GABA…potential , and thus being implicated in learning and memory processes False consolidation is a critical step in the encoding phase of memory false The capacity of working memory can be increased by chanking False Which of the following is not considered implicit memory after five presentations of a fearful sound and a smiley face a child demonstrates fair response 11. Which of these aspects of face perception is NOT true for infants?  A) human infants have better memory for faces from their family’s racial group  group   20. Sacks describes the case of Donald, who could not remember killing his girlfriend while under the influence of PCP. After contusions to what brain regions did Donald appear to recover memory for the murder? D) frontal Flashbulb memories tend to be more accurate than the other episodic memories False

 

Memories of meaning of words concepts or general facts are called semantic memories In conditoning partal reinforcemen relatve o consan ….. leads o learning ha occurs slower and is more resisan o ex Imagine ha he rs car you learn learn o drive was a manual ransmiss ransmission ion wih a cluch bu he car you drive now is an auomatc sometmes sometmes you nd yourself reaching for he cluch ha is no longer here his example illusraes………. Proactve inerference Which are mos likely o cause alered sensory and percepual experiences Hallucinogens Before going grocery shopping Amanda read her shopping lis from op o boom bu forgo o bring he lis wih her she was rying o remember wha she needed o ge from he dairy secton bu could no remember wha i was she failed o Recall consolidaton is a critcal sep in he encoding phase of memory false Carolyn desperaely desperaely wans o lose weigh bu nds i so dicul o resis he empaton of snack food. her diculy in loosing weigh probably sems for he powerful eecs of immediae reinforcemen Which of he following is no considered implici memory aer ve presenatons presenatons of a fearful sound and a smiley face a child demonsraes demonsraes fair response The piage’s heories of developmen have been very inuental inuental bu recen ndings presen all of he optons