Psicologia Trasnpersonal 1

 

@naigioiÿg Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe Ntikleÿdiohkngtn ne térkigl trhgspnrslghe sidgiaioh ―kès heeè‛ l ―h trhvés‛ `n el pnrslghe, y sn nkpenh phrh rnanrirsn h kltivhoilgns, nxpnringoihs, nsth`ils nvleutivls, kl`ls `n snr, igquintu`ns y ltrls angÿkngls qun igoeuyng pnrl he kiskl tinkpl trhsoing`ng eh nsanrh `n eh pnrslghei`h` ig`ivi`uhe l `ne ndl thens olkl , ehs nxpnringoihs oukbrn, ne éxthsis, ehs nxpnringoihs këstiohs, ne _nr _upnrilr, eh nsngoih, ne hslkbrl, ne sngti`l úetikl `n eh vi`h, eh trhsong`ngoih `ne snea, ne nspëritu, eh ugi`h` yeh olgsoingoih oÿskioh. Ngtlgons psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe ns hquneeh rhkh `n eh psioleldëh qun nstu`ih tl`ls els angÿkngls qun pl`nkls oheiaiohr olkl trhgspnrslghen s, y els olgonptls, nxpnringoihs y hotivi`h`ns rnehoilgh`hs. Eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe nsth nspnoëaiohkngtn igtnrnsh`h ng ne nstu`il oingtëaiol y eh ikpenkngthoiÿg rnsplgshben `n ehs knthgnonsi`h`ns, els vhelrns úetikls, eh olgsoingoih `n ugi`h`. Ngtrn sus igtnrnsns ongtrhens sn ngoungtrhg ―els prlonsls, vhelrns y nsth`ls trhgspnrslghens, eh olgoingoih ugitivh, ehs nxpnringoihs oukbrn, ne éxthsis, eh nxpnringoih këstioh, eh trhsong`ngoih, ehs tnlrëhs y prèotiohs `n eh kn`ithoiÿg, els ohkigls nspirituhens, nspirituhens, eh rnheizhoiÿg y els olgonptls, nxpnringoihs y hotivi`h`ns olg neehs rnehoilgh`ls.

Ornhoiÿg `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe H kn`ih`ls `ne sidel ]], eh psioleldëh nsthbh `lkigh`h plr `ls  prigoiphens nsounehs: olg`uotisth y arnu`ihgh. Ne hukngtl `n eh igshtisahooiÿg olg nsths `ls lringthoilgns olkl honrohkingtls h`nouh`ls h eh psiqun mukhgh, olg`ujl he `nshrrleel `n eh psioleldëh mukhgisth. Ne prigoiphe plrthvlz `n nstn gunvl ohkpl aun ne olgloi`l  psioÿeldl glrtnhknriohgl Hbrhmhk Khselw. Larnoiÿ ugh orëtioh klr`hz slbrn ehs eikithoilgns `ne olg`uotiskl y ne psiolhgèeisis. Khselw thkbiég oritioÿ ne ohsl lkisl h eh olgsoingoih n igtrlspnooiÿg. Eh pnrspnotivh kueti`ikngsilghe `n eh psioleldëh mukhgisth y su égahsis ng eh tlthei`h` `n eh pnrslgh, prlplroilgÿ ug khrol dngnrhe phrh ne `nshrrleel `n ugh rioh vhrin`h` `n gunvls y nanotivls honrohkingtls

Ng 8914, ug pnqunøl drupl `n trhbhjl ng ne qun nsthbhg igoeui`ls Hbrhmhk Khselw, Hgtmlgy _utiom, _thgisehv Drla, Jhkns Ah`ikhg, Kiens Qiom y _lgyh Khrdueins sn rnugil ng Oheialrgih, olg ne lbjntivl `n ornhr ugh gunvh psioleldëh qun mioinrh mlglr h tl`l ne nspnotrl `n eh nxpnringoih mukhgh, igoeui`ls els `ivnrsls nsth`ls  plol olkugns `n olgsoingoih. @urhgtn nsths `isousilgns, Khselw y _utiom honpthrlg eh sudnrngoih `n Drla y

 

tnrhpéutiols n mizl qun sn nxphg`inrhg nglrknkngtn ehs plsibiei`h`ns `n trhthr olg prlbenkhs y olg ne olgonptl `ne snr mukhgl qun mhsth nsn

eehkhrlg h nsth gunvh `isoipeigh ―psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe‛. Nstn

klkngtl sn tngih. H pnshr `n eh plpuehri`h` `n eh psioleldëh mukhgisth, sus aug`h`lrns Khselw y _utiom qun`hrlg igshtisanomls olg rnspnotl he khrol olgonptuhe qun mhbëhg ornh`l lridighekngtn. Aunrlg oh`h vnz kès olgsoingtns `n qun mhbëhg `njh`l aunrh ug nenkngtl nxtrnkh`hkngtn ikplrthgtn: eh `ikngsiÿg nspirituhe `n eh psiqun mukhgh.

térkigl rnnkpehzÿ h su glkbrn lridighe ―trhgsmukhgisth‛, l ―eendhg`l kès heeè `n el mukhgëstiol‛. Qhrils høls kès thr`n, ng 894>, Rlbnrt Arhdnr aug`ÿ ne Igstitutl `n Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe ng Vhel Hetl, Oheialrgih. Ngtrn ltrls `n els pilgnrls `n eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe mubl kuomls psioÿeldls ikplrthgtns, olkl Jhkns Ah`ikhg, Jnhg Mlustlg, Jhoc Clrgaine`, _thgenyKig`nee, Crippgnr, Rhepm Kntzgnr, Hrgle` Jlmg Vnrry, Cnggntm Rigd, Arhgons Qhudmhg, Riomhr` Phrghs, Omhrens Phrt y Rldnr Thesm ngtrn ltrls `n `ivnrshs `isoipeighs. Nsths pnrslghs ornhrlg y holdinrlg eh visiÿg `n eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe `n eh psiqun mukhgh, gl  plrqun idglrhrhg els supunstls aug`hkngthens `n eh oingoih trh`ioilghe, plrqun snrihkngtn ngolgtrhrlg ne vinjl khrolsigl olgonptuhe igh`nouh`l n igohphz `n rnsplg`nr h sus nxpnringoihs y lbsnrvhoilgns. Ns ikplrthgtn snøhehr qun eh olrringtn trhgspnrslghe gl surdn olkl ugh

 

rnhooiÿg ng olgtrh ehs nsounehs  psioleÿdiohs qun en`n prnon`ng sigl qun, rnolglong sus snknjhgzhs y onenbrhg sus `ianrngoihs. Hsë kiskl ohbn `nsthohr qun he iduhe qun eh psioleldëh mukhgisth, nstn ngalqun gl alrkh ugh nsouneh psioleÿdioh nspnoëaioh, sigl qun sn ngoungtrh olgalrkh`h plr ug gúknrl olgsi`nrhben `n nxplgngtns `n `ivnrshs `isoipeighs qun pehgtnhg sus  prlpihs y kétl`ls, ngahtizhg `istigtlstnlrëhs nenkngtls `ne `nshrrleel `n eh `ikngsiÿg nspirituhe y `iridng su htngoiÿg y su hooiÿg h `ianrngtns hspnotls `ne snr, ne nxistir y ne qunmhonr `n eh pnrslgh mukhgh. H  pnshr `n sus `ianrngoihs, tl`ls oligoi`ng ng `ls prigoipils aug`hkngthens qun slg: ne olgonptl `n eh ghturhenzh mukhgh ng qun sn bhsh nstn ngalqun y`n ne eh lridng, `nshrrleel trhsong`ngoih olgoingoih mhsthy sus úetikhs igsthgoihs.

Vrnourslrns aug`hkngthens Eh Vsioleldëh trhgspnrslghe sn olgstituyn alrkhekngtn olkl olrringtn psioleÿdioh ng els Nsth`ls ^gi`ls `n  Glrtnhkérioh ng eh `éoh`h `n els høls snsngth. Hbrhmhk Khselw y Hgtmlgy _utiom slg quingns h el ehrdl `n `inz høls `n nstu`il n igvnstidhoiÿg prlplgng, sistnkhtizhg y lridighg el qun mly sn olglon olkl eh ouhrth aunrzh `n eh

 

 psioleldëh olgtnkplrègnh. _ig nkbhrdl, els pehgtnhkingtls igioihens igioihe ns `n nsth gunvh olrringtn psioleÿdioh `hthg `n  prigoipils `n sidel ]]. Riomhr` Buocn slbrnJhkns, eh olgoingoih oÿskioh olgonptl qun els prigoipils prlpunsths eh psioleldëh `nng su8968 éplohnsoribn y Tieeihk ng su lbrh "Ehs Qhrin`h`ns `n trhsoing`n eh Nxpnringoih Rneidilsh"y n`ith`h ng `n 898?, pehgtnh plr priknrh vnz ng eh mistlrih `n eh psioleldëh, eh nxistngoih `n nsth`ls `n olgoingoih qun vhg kès heeè `n els qun ngtlgons sn olgsi`nrhbhg glrkhens y plr el thgtl, `ngtrl `n els phrèkntrls `n eh sheu` kngthe.

Ohre D. Jugd (8=4>-8918), psiquihtrh suizl, trhsoing`n su tinkpl y nsphoil he pehgtnhr gunvhs prlpunsths qun vhg kès heeè `n eh bileldëh y `n eh psioleldëh `n su éploh. Eh `ikngsiÿg suprhig`ivi`uhe l trhgspnrslghe `nsnkpnøh ug  phpne `ntnrkighgtn ng eh psioleldëh jugduihgh. Jugd igtrl`uon ne olgonptl `ne igolgsoingtn olenotivl3 `nsoubrn qun eh psiqun mukhgh tingn hoonsl h kltivls n ikèdngns ugivnrshens h els qun eehkh hrquntipls y pehgtnh eh ikplrthgoih `n eh igtndrhoiÿg `n els lpunstls l "suprnkh ugiÿg `n els olgtrhrils" ng ne prlonsl `n ig`ivi`uhoiÿg.

 

H trhvés `n su igtnrés y su nxpnringoih `irnoth olg ehs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens `n lringtn Jugd `nsoubrn, ng ehs rneidilgns olkphrh`hs y ng eh kitleldëh, aungtns sukhkngtn vheilshs `n igalrkhoiÿg qun sn eidhg nstrnomhkngtn olg els hspnotls olenotivls psioÿeldl qun sn htrnvn h ounstilghr kl`nel ké`iol ng ne èkbitl`ne `nigolgsoingtn. eh psioleldëh Ns y `nne ehpriknr psioltnrhpih he ngahtizhr y prnlouphrsn plrels els`lkigils hspnotls `ne rneidilsls y nspirituhens `ne snr mukhgl. Vlr nsth rhzÿg ns rnomhzh`l y housh`l plr sus olendhs, `n këstiol lsourhgtisth y nsltériol. _us i`nhs slg `njh`hs h ug eh`l plr kuomhs `éoh`hs y ns mhsth els høls snsngth, ouhg`l sn igioih ne rnghoikingtl `ne igtnrés `n eh olgoingoih mukhgh qun su lbrh olbrh ug nspnoihe sidgiaioh`l.

Rlbnrtl Hsshdilei (8===-8940), psiquihtrh itheihgl qun he iduhe qun Jugd mhbëh si`l ngtrngh`l ng ne hgèeisis arnu`ihgl, ounstilgh nstn sistnkh olgsi`nrèg`lel eikith`l thgtl plr ngolgtrhrsn bhsh`l úgiohkngtn ng eh bileldëh,

 

olkl plr idglrhr y kheigtnrprnthr eh `ikngsiÿg nspirituhe `n eh ghturhenzh mukhgh. H phrtir `n 8988 sn olgvinrtn ng ug snvnrl orëtiol `n ehs ngsnøhgzhs `n Arnu`, gl juzdèg`lehs olkl igolrrnoths, sigl olkl eikith`hs y rn`uooilgisths. olgtribuoiÿg kès ikplrthgtn mhoih olkprngsiÿg `ne olkpenjl angÿkngl Vsiolsëgtnsis, ug_ungalqun psioleÿdiol qun olkbigh ughehtnlrëh olgvigongtn `n eh psiqun mukhghmukhgl y `n eh ns eh hutlrrnheizhoiÿg y eh nxphgsiÿg `n eh olgoingoih, olg ugh prlpunsth psioltnrhpéutioh prèotioh qun olg`uon h eh  pengh rnheizhoiÿg `ne pltngoihe mukhgl. _u prlpunsth, ng olgtrhstn olg eh arnu`ihgh, ngahtizh els hspnotls ornhtivls,  plsitivls, nspirituhens y dlzlsls `ne snr `ne mlkbrn y `n eh kujnr, hsë olkl ne phpne rnenvhgtn rnenvhg tn qun jundh eh vleugth` ng els prlonsls `n hutlrrnheizhoiÿg y `n trhsong`ngoih. Eh Vsiolsëgtnsis, olkl sistnkh psioltnrhpéutiol, sn igtnrnsh nspnoihekngtn ng eh rnehoiÿg nxistngtn ngtrn els `nsÿr`ngns kngthens y eh nspirituhei`h`. Hsshdilei `nsoribn h eh Vsiolsëgtnsis olkl eh "psioleldëh `ne nspëritu", pnrl olgsoingtn `n qun ne térkigl nspirituhe sn olgaug`n aèoiekngtn olg eh rneidiÿg, neidn trnigth høls hgtns qun Khselw eh nxprnsiÿg trhgspnrslghe phrh rnanrirsn h eh `ikngsiÿg nspirituhe qun ée viseukbrh olkl eh ouhrth `ikngsiÿg qun olgalrkh eh ghturhenzh mukhgh Jugd y Rlbnrtl Hsshdilei knrnong ugh olgsi`nrhoiÿg gl sÿel pilgnrls `n eh olrringtn trhgspnrslghe, sigl olkl aidurhs olgtrlvnrsihens ng nspnoihe eh mistlrih `n eh psioleldëh y eh olkl psioltnrhpih olgtnkplrègnh.

Vrigoiphens Rnprnsngthgtns

Hbrhmhk Khselw (896=-8964) Khselw aun ug pilgnrl ng ne surdikingtl `n els klvikingtls `n eh psioleldëh mukhgisth y trhgspnrslghe, `nspuns `n mhbnr phsh`l plr ne psiolhgèeisis y ne olg`uotiskl. Eh prlpunsth `n Khselw  phrtn `n ugh visiÿg lptikisth y nvleutivh `ne snr mukhgl. Vrlplgn qun ne `nshrrleel mukhgl gl sn `ntingn he

 

heohgzhr eh kh`urnz, sigl qun olgtigúh h el ehrdl `n tl`h eh vi`h. Nstl en eenvÿ h olgsi`nrhr eh vi`h olkl ug  prlonsl nvleutivl mhoih els givnens supnrilrns `ne snr, hairkhbh qun ne `nshrrleel pun`n pu n`n ir kès heeè, `hg`l phsl h eh gnonsi`h` `n hutlrrnheizhoiÿg rnheizhoiÿg ornoingtn `n ehs pltngoihei`h`ns, hutlrrnheizhoiÿg sn khgiainsth ,ng`nalrkh `n nxpnringoihs , h ehs qun nstn ohphoi`h`ns hutlr `n`ioÿyugthengtls. hkpeil Nsth nstu`il. H oukbrn trhvés `n su nstu`il y `nsoripoiÿg `n ehs nxpnringoihs oukbrn Khselw vh h rn`naigir su olgonptl `n hutlrrnheizhoiÿg ―olkl ug npisl`il l ug klkngtl ng ne qun ehs aunrzhs `n eh pnrslgh sn húghg `n kl`l  phrtiouehrkngtn naioingtn y `n igtngsl dlzl, ng ne qun sn mhon kès igtndrh`h y kngls `ivi`i`h, kès hbinrth h eh nxpnringoih, kès i`ilsigorèsioh, kès… nxprnsivh, kès muklrëstioh, kès trhsong`ngtn `ne ndl, kès ig`npng`ingtn `n sus gnonsi`h`ns iganrilrns nto. _ndúg Khselw, ng nstls npisl`ils eh pnrslgh rnheizh olg kès pnranooiÿg sus  pltngoihei`h`ns y nstè kès onroh `ne gúoenl `n su _nr. Ehs nxpnringoihs nxpn ringoihs oukbrn pun`ng suon`nr ng ouhequinr  pnril`l `n eh vi`h `n ouhequinr pnrslgh. Vnrl ng ehs pnrslghs qun qu n sn hutlrrnheizhg suon`ng olg khylr arnoungoih n igtngsi`h` qun ng ne rnstl. @n alrkh qun eh hutlrrnheizhoiÿg ns kès ugh ounstiÿg `n drh`l y arnoungoih qun ugh knth aighe h heohgzhr l ugh ounstiÿg `n tl`l l gh`h.

 

_thgisehv Drla (89?8) Drla ns ltrl `n els aug`h`lrns `n eh olrringtn `n eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe. Ngtrn sus khylrns hplrtns nsth su igvnstidhoiÿg olg EO@ h eh ouhe en `n`iol 26 høls `n su vi`h rnheizhg`l kès `n 2666 snsilgns olg ug hkpeil nspnotrl `n sujntls qun igoeuëhg phoingtns psiquiètriols mlspitheizh`ls, gnurÿtiols, heolmÿeiols y nganrkls tnrkighens . Nstn hutlr olgsi`nrh qun ne E@_ ns ug hkpeiaioh`lr l ohtheizh`lr `n els  prlonsls kngthens qun hotivh pltngoihens prnnxistngtns ng eh kngtn kn gtn mukhgh. ―Vlr olgsiduingtn, nsths `rldhs rnvnehg y pnrkitng eh lbsnrvhoiÿg `irnoth `n ugh hkpeih dhkh `n angÿkngls `n ltrh alrkh louetls, qun rnprnsngthg ohphoi`h`ns igtrëgsnohs `n eh kngtn mukhgh y jundhg ug phpne ikplrthgtn ng eh `igèkioh kngthe glrkhe‛. Drla `ivi`n ehs nxpnringoihs qun tingng eudhr bhjl els nanotls `n nsth susthgoih ng ohtndlrëhs, qun olgsi`nrh slg `ianrngtns givnens l `ikngsilgns `n eh psiqun mukhgh. Drla ornn qun eh ghturhenzh `n eh nxpnringoih  prl`uoi`h plr ne E_@ gl pun`n nxpeiohrsn h`nouh`hkngtn ng térkigls `n eh visiÿg knohgioisth gnwtlgihghohrtnsihgh `ne ugivnrsl. _ndúg Drla nsths nxpnringoihs vhg ng olgtrh `n els supunstls y prigoipils bèsiols `n eh oingoih knohgioisth. Els nxpnrikngtls `n Drla olg EO@ dngnrhrlg ugh hehrkh sloihe qun eenvÿ h su prlmibioiÿg ng els NN^^ y ng ne rnstl `n els phësns looi`ngthens ugls høls `nspués. Nsth situhoiÿg nkpujÿ h Drla h busohr hedugh

 

ltrh téogioh gl quëkioh qun pu`insn prl`uoir els kiskls nsth`ls `n olgsoingoih, el qun en eenvÿ h `nshrrleehr h el ehrdl `n els høls sntngth eh téogioh `n rnspirhoiÿg mleltrÿpioh (―lringth`l mhoih eh tlthei`h`‛ l ―qun sn kunvn ng `irnooiÿg h eh tlthei`h`‛). Drla, ―nstn térkigl sudinrn qun ng gunstrl olgsoingoih thg sÿel gls i`ngtiaiohkls olg_ndúg ugh pnqunøh arhooiÿg `n quing rnhekngtn slkls.nsth`l El qun`nsuon`n `urhgtnolti`ihgl els nsth`ls mleltrÿpiols ns qun pl`nkls eendhr h trhsong`nr els nstrnomls eëkitns `ne ounrpl y `ne ndl y rnivig`iohr gunstrh i`ngti`h` pengh‛. H eh téogioh psioltnrhpéutioh qun `nshrrleeÿ nkpenhg`l nsth téogioh `n rnspirhoiÿg eh `nglkigÿ tnrhpih mleltrÿpioh. Ng nsth téogioh Drla olkbigh eh rnspirhoiÿg olgtrleh`h, kúsioh nvlohtivh y trhbhjl olrplrhe.

Cng Tiebnr (8909) Ns olgsi`nrh`l, jugtl olg Drla, ugl `n els prigoiphens rnprnsngthgtns `n eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe. Ng su eibrl "Ne nspnotrl `n eh olgoingoih" hairkh qun eh olgoingoih ns peuri`ikngsilghe, nsthg`l olkpunsth `n `ianrngtns givnens. Tiebnr nkpenh ugh hgheldëh aësioh, pehgtnhg`l qun eh olgoingoih sn `ivi`n iduhe qun eh euz, h el ehrdl `n ug nspnotrl `n `ianrngtns elgditu`ns `n lg`h. Oh`h nsouneh `n psioleldëh y psioltnrhpih, y ehs `ivnrshs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens sn ongtrhg ng ug givne `istigtl `n nstn nspnotrl. Ne nrrlr `n nsths nsounehs olgsistn ng igtngthr dngnrheizhr su ngalqun y hpeiohrel h eh tlthei`h` `ne nspnotrl. Vlr olgsiduingtn, gl slg olgtrh`iotlrihs, sigl olkpenkngthrihs, sing`l oh`h ngalqun vèei`l ouhg`l sn hpeioh h su prlpil givne. @n nsth alrkh sn pun`n eendhr h ugh hutégtioh sëgtnsis n igtndrhoiÿg ngtrn els prigoiphens ngalquns `n eh psioleldëh y  psioltnrhpih looi`ngthens, plr ug eh`l, y ngtrn eh psioleldëh looi`ngthe y ehs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens lringthens, plr

 

ltrl (Tiebnr, 8996). H phrtir `n nsn klkngtl eh pnrspnotivh `n Tiebnr sn aun hkpeihg`l, el qun en eenvl eenvl h rnoldnr kuetitu` `n hplrthoilgns `n `ianrngtns `isoipeighs olkl eh sloileldëh, eh hgtrlpleldëh l eh mistlrih `n ehs rneidilgns, hpeiohg`l su kl`nel h oh`h ugh `n neehs. prlplgn ugh psioleldëh igtndrhe, qun rnoldn y sigtntizh hplrthoilgns `n ehs `ianrngtns nsounehs `n Tiebnr psioleldëh y psioltnrhpih. Vehgtnh ugh visiÿg `n eh tlthei`h` `ne ehs nspnotrl `n ornoikingtl y `ne `nshrrleel `ne snr mukhgl h trhvés `n gunvn givnens. H`nkès hsloih h oh`h givne ug tipl nspnoëaiol `n phtleldëh y h oh`h phtleldëh ug tipl nspnoëaiol `n trhthkingtl, qun sn olrrnsplg`nrëhg olg els  prlpunstls plr ehs `ianrngtns nsounehs `n psioltnrhpih y olg ehs téogiohs `n ehs aielslaëhs lringthens.

Lbjntl `n nstu`il Eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe sn ohrhotnrizh plr ug nspnoihe igtnrés y ugh olgsi`nrhoiÿg kuy phrtiouehr plr ne nstu`il y eh nxphgsiÿg `ne ohkpl `n eh igvnstidhoiÿg -nkpërioh y oingtëaioh- `n els nsth`ls `n sheu` y bingnsthr psioleÿdiol, hsë olkl ugh prlaug`h igquintu` ngohkigh`h h prlklvnr ne `nshrrleel igtndrhe `n eh olgoingoih ng sus `ikngsilgns bilpsiolsloihenspirituhe l trhgspnrslghe. Rnolglon eh ohphoi`h` mukhgh `n nxpnrikngthr ugh hkpeih dhkh `n nsth`ls `n olgoingoih qun trhsoing`ng els eëkitns ghturhens `ne ndl y `n eh pnrslghei`h`, y sn louph y  prnlouph plr heohgzhr ugh olkprngsiÿg kès prlaug`h `ne ` ne eehkh`l ikpuesl trhsong`ngthe. _u lbjntivl ongtrhe igoeuyn thgtl ehs èrnhs `n igtnrés trh`ioilghens ng ne ohkpl `n eh psioleldëh, olkl ugl kuy nspnoihekngtn `iridi`l h prlklvnr y ahoieithr ne ornoikingtl y eh tlkh `n olgoingoih qun trhsoing`n els givnens `n sheu` trh`ioilghekngtn rnolgloi`ls. Eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe olgtnkpeh he snr mukhgl olkl ugh ugi`h` igtndrhe hrkÿgioh qun gl sÿel hbhroh ehs `ikngsilgns bileÿdioh, psioleÿdioh y sloihe `n els ig`ivi`uls, sigl qun igoeuyn ltrhs `ls `ikngsilgns kès nenvh`hs: eh trhgspnrslghe y eh trhsong`ngtn. Ne rnghoikingtl `ne igtnrés plr els aieÿslals nspirituhens lringthens ng `ianrngtns trh`ioilgns këstiohs, eh kn`ithoiÿg, eh shbi`urëh `n els hgtiduls ghtivls, hsë olkl eh nxtng`i`h nxpnrikngthoiÿg olg psiol`éeiols `urhgtn els tlrkngtlsls høls snsngth, `njÿ hbsleuthkngtn oehrl qun ugh psioleldëh olkpenth y vèei`h phrh tl`hs ehs oueturhs `nbëh igoeuir lbsnrvhoilgns `n èrnhs thens olkl els nsth`ls këstiols, eh olgsoingoih oÿskioh, ehs nxpnringoihs psiol`éeiohs, els angÿkngls `n trhgon, eh ornhtivi`h` n igspirhoiÿg rneidilsh, hrtëstioh y oingtëaioh. Ne ngalqun trhgspnrslghe slstingn qun ne snr mukhgl ghturhekngtn ting`n mhoih eh hutlrrnheizhoiÿg y eh trhsong`ngoih. _ig nkbhrdl, gl gindh qun nstn prlonsl ghturhe pun`n vnrsn lbsthoueizh`l y `istlrsilgh`l plr ne kn`il hkbingtn qun si bing gl ns ug ahotlr `ntnrkighgtn, së igaeuyn ng ne `nshrrleel `ne snea l së kiskl. Ne snr mukhgl sn ngoungtrh ngtrn `ls aunrzhs l plehri`h`ns qun slg: eh nxpnringoih

 

igtnrgh `ne snr"shbi`urëh lrdhgëskioh l vhelrhoiÿg lrdhgëskioh", y eh igaeungoih `ne kn`il hkbingtn, eh "vhelrhoiÿg nxtnrgh". Nsth plehri`h`, ugi`h h ehs gnonsi`h`ns qun oh`h ugh `n ehs `ikngsilgns mukhghs nxpnrikngth, ns `nangsh ne lridngqun `n rn`uong eh eehkh`h qun rnsueth `n ehs ng i`ngtiaiohoilgns phroihens, hsë olkl `n nsth els knohgiskls `n h ehslkbrh, olgoingoih ng eh kn`i`h qun eh mhong kès nxoeusivh. @ns`n  pnrspnotivh, sn olgsi`nrh qun ne `nshrrleel `naioingtn `n eh olgoingoih olgo ingoih ns prl`uotl `n ehs orisis `n i`ngti`h` gl rnsuneths ng els `ianrngtns nsth`ils plr els qun eh olgoingoih htrhvinsh h el ehrdl `n su prlonsl `n hutlrrnheizhoiÿg y `n trhsong`ngoih. Nstl sidgiaioh qun ouhg`l ne ig`ivi`ul gl mh si`l ohphz `n olkpenthr ne oioel `n i`ngtiaiohoiÿg`nsi`ngtiaiohoiÿg prlpil `n oh`h givne `n olgoingoih, pnrkhgnon hanrrh`l h i`ngti`h`ns l olgonptls eikith`ls `n së kiskl qun ikpi`ng ne `nshrrleel ghturhe mhoih eh hutlrrnheizhoiÿg y eh trhsong`ngoih. _urdn ngtlgons ug `nsahshkingtl ngtrn ehs nthphs orlgleÿdiohs `n ornoikingtl -igahgoih, giønz, h`lensongoih y h`uetnz- y eh nxphgsiÿg `n els givnens `n olgoingoih qun olrrnsplg`n h oh`h ugh `n nsths ahsns. Nsth hetnrhoiÿg ng ne prlonsl ghturhe `n `nshrrleel plr el dngnrhe ns eh rnsplgshben `n ehs `isaugoilgns, pnrturbhoilgns, trhstlrgls y/l phtleldëhs qun  prnsngthg `ivnrsls drh`lsl`núetikls olkpenji`h`. Ne igtnrés plr elsh nsth`ls olgoingoih,mukhgh h prnlouphoiÿg plr els  pltngoihens kès nenvh`ls `n eh mukhgi`h`, eh i`nh i`n `n qun eh`nnxpnringoih pun`n pu n`n `nshrrleehrsn kès heeè `ne ndl l `ne yl pnrslghe, eh gloiÿg rnehoilgh`h `n trhsong`ngoih y eh ikplrthgoih `n eh `ikngsiÿg nspirituhe `n eh vi`h mukhgh ns njn aug`hkngthe ng ne lbjntl `n nstu`il `n eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe.

Aug`hkngtls Aielslaåols

Eh visiÿg trhgspnrslghe pehgtnh ugh olgoingoih qun trhsoing`n eh kngtn y sn nxphg`n ng els eëkitns `ne ghoikingtl y eh kunrtn. Eh  psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe ngting`n eh nspirituhei`h` olkl igmnrngtn he h e snr mukhgl. Olkl `ion Vinrrn Pniemhr` `n Omhr`ig: ―_lkls

 

snrns nspirituhens viving`l ugh nxpnringoih mukhgh". Hsikiskl, el trhgspnrslghe hsukn qun eh pnrslghei`h` gl olrrnsplg`n h eh tlthei`h` `ne ig`ivi`ul gi ns ne knjlr hrkhzÿg plsiben phrh nxistir y h`hpthrsn. Eh i`nh ns rlkpnr eh ieusiÿg qun oh`h ugl vivn phrh `hrgls oungthyquiégns slkls `n rnhekngtn y, hsë, i`ngtiaiohrgls ug nsth`l `n`nphz. trhgspnrslghe: sn rnainrnolkl he nstu`il, olkprngsiÿg hotuheizhoiÿg ehs `ikngsilgns sutiens (hekh)olg y nspirituhens ehs El rnhei`h`ns, thgtl mukhghs oÿskiohs. @ikngsilgns ésths, nstu`ih`hs, prlaug`hkngtn plr ehs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens `n eh mukhgi`h`. Ne ngoungtrl `n nsth `ls `ikngsilgns, kès eh igtndrhoiÿg `n eh n`uohoiÿg olgvngoilghe,  pun`n dngnrhr ugh n`uohoiÿg igtndrhe ng ne èkbitl `n eh psioleldëh. Nsth sn ohrhotnrizh plr ahoieithr ne prlonsl `ne `nspnrthr pnrslghe y trhgspnrslghe h trhvés `ne nstëkuel hotuheizh`lr `n ehs pltngoihei`h`ns mukhghs ghturhens y slbrnghturhens. El trhgspnrslghe: sn rnainrn he nstu`il, olkprngsiÿg y hotuheizhoiÿg `n ehs `ikngsilgns sutiens (hekh) y nspirituhens `n ehs rnhei`h`ns, thgtl mukhghs olkl oÿskiohs. @ikngsilgns ésths, nstu`ih`hs, prlaug`hkngtn plr ehs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens `n eh mukhgi`h`. Nsth pnrspnotivh `h oungth `n ugh hgtrlpleldëh y olskleldëh qun nstè lrdhgizh`h ng givnens `n rnhei`h`, ouhg`l mhbehkls `n eh ghturhenzh, y ng givnens `n i`ngti`h`, sn mhbehqun `neeh_nr mukhgl. Nsth nstruoturh sngsiben y lrdhgizhoiÿg kuetigivne tingn `ikngsilgns qun gnonshrihkngtn gl slg visibens. _nouhg`l `nbn hsukir khtnrihei`h`, eh `ikngsiÿg `n eh rnhei`h`, `ns`n eh visiÿg nspirituhe (y trhgspnrslghe), ns ugh këgikh phrtn `n eh rnhei`h` tlthe. Olrrnsplg`n nsth kirh`h h ugh visiÿg olgtnkpehtivh qun htrhvinsh tl`hs ehs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens, `ns`n ne omhkhgiskl h ehs trh`ioilgns `nshrrleeh`hs plr Lringtn y eh këstioh Oristihgh. @ns`n nsth pnrspnotivh sn olgsi`nrh qun ne ugivnrsl, olg glsltrls igoeui`ls, ns ne `nspeindun `ne _nr, `ne _nr ^gl y qun olrrnsplg`n h eh nsngoih ^givnrshe. Nstn _nr he `nspendhrsn vh dngnrhg`l els drh`ls `n rnhei`h`, `ns`n ugh `ikngsiÿg (_nr) phrh glsltrls igaigith, mhsth eh rnhei`h` kuetialrkn ng eh ouhe nstèg els snrns mukhgls olgsi`nrh`ls olkl ig`ivi`uhei`h`ns, els ouhens slg ohphons `n `hrsn oungth `n nstls givnens (`n olgoingoih), olglonrels n igtndrhrels ng eh olgoingoih `n si kiskl, prlonsl qun olrrnsplg`n he ohkigl nspirituhe. Ne _nr mukhgl ng dngnrhe, idglrh qun ns ne _nr y sunen nsthr i`ngtiaioh`l slehkngtn olg ne ounrpl, y pun`n plr nsl suarir `n hgdustih nxistngoihe plr eh slen`h` `n sngtirsn snphrh`l `ne _nr, `n hmë, ugh `n ehs ikplrthgoihs `n eh visiÿg trhgspnrslghe, puns, ngsnøh h rnngolgtrhrsn, olg eh `ikngsiÿg trhsong`ngtn `ne _nr olkl i`ngti`h` prlpihkngtn mukhgh. 8¶ Vrigoipil: @n eh ugi`h`

Ne snr mukhgl, ns ugl olgsidl kiskl (igtrëgsnohkngtn) olg ne olskls y olg eh ghturhenzh. H `ianrngoih `n ehs ltrhs nsounehs `n  psioleldëh, nsth kirh`h olgsi`nrh qun eh arhdkngthoiÿg `n eh olgoingoih mukhgh ns slel hphrngtn y qun ne snr mukhgl ns ―ugh ugi`h`‛. Eh qun plr supunstl snrè gnonshril rnsohthr olg ug trhbhjl psiol-nspirituhe. _n hsukn qun `n eh arhdkngthoiÿg sn `nrivhg eh idglrhgoih y ne suarikingtl3 el qun sn idglrh ns eh ugi`h` subyhongtn h eh arhdkngthoiÿg.

 

2¶ Vrigoipil: @n eh nvleuoiÿg plsiben mukhgh

Ne sndug`l mhbeh tinkpl `n eh plsibiei`h` nvleutivh `ne`n snrnsh mukhgl. qun nstnynsqun ughne lrdhgizhoiÿg olkpenth ng së kiskh, pnrlprigoipil qun he kiskl gl tingn olgloikingtl rnhei`h`Hairkhg`l pengh yh `nsorith yh ns olkl olgaidurhoiÿg mukhgh, qun olkl plsibiei`h` `n `nspeindun, pun`n rnheizhr eh olgoingoih `n Plthei`h`. Plkhr olgoingoih `n `iomh rnhei`h` n igtndrhreh olkl prlpih sidgiaioh rnolrrnr ug ohkigl nvleutivl. Nvleuoilghr, puns, ikpeioh ir h`quiring`l khylr olgsoingoih, hotuheizhr y lpnrhoilgheizhr el qun yh sn Ns. Nsn ns ne sngti`l nvleutivl `n eh vi`h, qun pnrkitn qun `ioml prlonsl sn rnheion. _n  pun`ng vnr vhrihs nthphs plsibens `ngtrl `n nsn ―_nr Vlsiben‛, plr njnkpel ne snr mukhgl ns ohphz `n `nshrrleehr su hutl olgsnrvhoiÿg, su vithei`h`. Ns ohphz `n eldrhr ugh oinrth ig`npng`ngoih `ngtrl `n ehs eikithoilgns `ne kug`l olg`ioilgh`l. @nshrrleehrsn h së kiskl, hotuheizhr sus ohphoi`h`ns `n h`uetl, nxprnshrsn y `nspendhrsn ng eh nxistngoih. Ns, puns, ohphz `n ugh nvleuoiÿg nxistngoihe, `n hutlrrnheizhoiÿg, olgonptl qun aun `nshrrleeh`l `nspués `n eh sndug`h dunrrh kug`ihe plr eh aielslaëh y  psioleldëh nxistngoihe. Aighekngtn ng eh úetikh nthph ne n e snr mukhgl ns ohphz `n trhsong`nrsn h së kiskl olkl rnhei`h` ig`ivi`uhe y hoon`nr h eh `ikngsiÿg nspirituhe, he kug`l `n els prigoipils, ne `n eh _hbi`urëh. ?¶ Vrigoipil Prhsong`ngoih

Ig`ioh qun olkl snrns mukhgls tngnkls eh plsibiei`h` `n trhsong`nr l `iskiguir eh `uhei`h` n igtndrhr ne olgloikingtl arhdkngth`l `n eh rnhei`h` qun dngnrh eh kngtn, trhsphshg`l els eëkitns npistnkleÿdiols ikpunstls plr ésth. _lkls ohphons `n nenvhrgls h givnens `n olgoingoih `lg`n ns plsiben hotuheizhr eh pltngoihei`h` `ne olgloikingtl y pnroibir eh ugi`h` ngtrn ne lbjntl y ne qun olglon, ns `noir, `nspnrthr eh ohphoi`h` phrh ugh visiÿg gl `uhe `n eh rnhei`h`. Nstn olgloikingtl sn `h drhoihs h eh igtuioiÿg igtnenotuhe. Ng neeh sn gls hbrn ugh vivngoih gl `isoursivh, sigl nsplgtègnh, `irnoth y onrtnrh `n eh rnhei`h`. Nstruoturh `n eh Olgoingoih

Eh olgoingoih sn ngoungtrh nstruoturh`h ng givnens qun sn rnehoilghg nstrnomhkngtn olg ehs `ikngsilgns qun olgalrkhg eh ghturhenzh mukhgh, kiskhs qun sn olgsi`nrhg nstruoturhs bèsiohs qun pnrkhgnong h el ehrdl `n tl`l ne prlonsl `n `nshrrleel he qun mnkls eehkh`l Nspirhe `n eh Olgoingoih.Nstls givnens slg: prn- ndÿiol, ndÿiol bileÿdiol, prnpnrslghe, pnrslghe, lrdhgèskiol-sloihe y trhgspnrslghe. h) Givne prn-ndÿiol.

Olkprng`n els priknrls ouhtrl l oigol knsns `n vi`h y sn ohrhotnrizh plr snr ugh nthph ng eh ouhe eh olgoingoih gl sn `ianrngoih húg `n tl`l el ornh`l. Vlr nsth rhzÿg ns qun thkbiég sn en mh eehkh`l givne penrlgÿkiol, prikitivl l hutisth, plr trhthrsn `n hqune

 

ng ne qun eh olgoingoih gl sn `istigdun hug `ne penrlkh. Nxistn ng ug nsth`l `n olgausiÿg, ng eh qun ne ndl ng su nthph nkbrilghrih euomh igohgshbenkngtn plr rnoupnrhr ne nquieibril mlknlstètiol. Nstn nsth`il `n eh olgoingoih mh si`l hkpeihkngtn `nsoritl plr  pn`hdldls y psioÿeldls olgtnkplrègnls, ngtrn (894>), els qun Gnukhgg sn ngoungtrhg: ngoung trhg: Bnrthehgaay (8910), Ane`khg (89=>) Dlgzèenz (89=2),(89=9), Dlgzèenz Dhrzh (89=9, 899>), Elnvigdnr (8941), Khmenr (894?), Vihdnt (8944), Qieehgunvh y Tiebnr ngtrn ltrls. "@urhgtn ehs priknrhs nthphs ne kug`l y ne yl slg ugl sÿel3 ug térkigl ns ig`istigduiben `ne ltrl... ne yl ns khtnrihe, plr hsë `noirel" (Vihdnt, 8944). "Gl pl`nkls olgsi`nrhr qun ne giøl he ghonr tngdh ug ndl. _u priknrh augoiÿg olgsistn ng hprng`nr h `ianrngoihrsn `n el qun en rl`nh" (Elnvigdnr, 8941). "Hphrngtnkngtn, eh nthph kès prikitivh ns the qun ng neeh gl sn nxpnrikngth eh `ianrngoih ngtrn ne kug`l nxtnrilr y ne ndl... Ne giøl gl `istigdun tl`hvëh su yl `n ehs olshs nxtnrghs3 sÿel hprng`n h `isonrgirehs engthkngtn" ( Bnrthehgaay, 8910). b) Givne ndÿiol.

Ns ne kès sikpen y rn`uoi`l givne `n hutlolgoingoih ng ne qun ne prlonsl `n `ianrngoihoiÿg sujntl-lbjntl ns hug kuy prikitivl. _iduing`l h Khmenr (Lp.Oit) ng su tnlrëh slbrn ne`ne `nshrrleel `n eh ng nstruoturh `ne (9 sneah ngolgtrhkls qun,plr ng su ahsn (> h 9 knsns) ne bnbé olkingzh h `ianrngoihr su ounrpl `n su kh`rn, eh sndug`h 8> knsns), oruzh ughpriknrh nthph ghroisisthnxmibioilgisth, ng eh tnronrh (8> h 20 knsns) sn rnheizh eh `ianrngoihoiÿg ngtrn ne snea y ehs rnprnsngthoilgns lbjnthens, eldrèg`lsn ngtlgons ne ghoikingtl psioleÿdiol `ne giøl y eh ouhrth y úetikh (20 h ?1 knsns), sn ohrhotnrizh plr eh olgslei`hoiÿg y eh olgsthgoih `ne lbjntl nkloilghe he qun Nricslg sn rnainrn olkl eh nthph `n shtisahooiÿg vs. igshtisahooiÿg. Nstn givne `n olgoingoih sn ridn plr ne prigoipil `ne pehonr (_ueeivhg, 894?) y hotúh kltivh`l plr ehs gnonsi`h`ns bèsiohs aisileÿdiohs qun prlplgn Khselw, (8946). Olrrnsplg`n h eh nthph sngslrilkltriz qun `nsoribn Vihdnt y ne `nshrrleel hanotivl-nkloilghe `npng`n, ng drhg kn`i`h, `n eh shtisahooiÿg `n ehs gnonsi`h`ns aisileÿdiohs y psioleÿdiohs bèsiohs, olkl el pehgtnhg Rldnrs y Nricslg. Eh olgoingoih sn ngoungtrh i`ngtiaioh`h olg ne ounrpl y sn sitúh prigoiphekngtn ng eh `ikngsiÿg bileÿdioh, hugqun he aigheizhr nsth ahsn, nkpinzh h pngntrhr `ngtrl `n els olgaigns `n eh `ikngsiÿg psioleÿdioh. o) Givne prnpnrslghe. 

Olgalrkh ugh gunvh nthph `n trhgsalrkhoiÿg ng eh ouhe eh kngtn igioih su ohkigl `n `nsi`ngtiaiohoiÿg `ne ounrpl y phsh `n snr ugh olgoingoih (ndl) olrplrhe h ugh olgoingoih (ndl) kngthe-rhoilghe, ng eh ouhe, olkl Tiebnr (89=9) el nxprnsh h trhvés `n eh kngtn vnrbhe, ne "yl `njh `n nsthr hth`l y ngoh`ngh`l he prnsngtn, pnr`ing`l su kilpëh y eh `npng`ngoih nxoeusivh `n su pnronpoiÿg. Nstn  prlonsl olkprng`n trns ahsns: eh `ianrngoihoiÿg ngtrn ounrpl y kngtn, eh trhsong`ngoih `ne ounrpl y eh tnronrh -qun ns olg olgsnoungoih snoungoih `n ehs hgtnrilrns- ns eh ohphoi`h` `n lpnrhr, olgtrlehr y `iridir ne ounrpl. Nstl ikpeioh ugh nxphgsiÿg `n eh olgoingoih, qun ng nsth nthph sn rnheizh drhoihs he vnmëouel `ne engduhjn sikbÿeiol, qun ornh phrh eh kngtn ug nsphoil pnronptuhe qun sn nxting`n kuoml kès

 

heeè `n eh sikpen rnonpoiÿg sngslrihe". Eh olgoingoih phsh `ne kug`l `n ehs lpnrhoilgns aësiohs, he kug`l olgonptuhe `n ehs lpnrhoilgns psioleÿdiohs. Olrrnsplg`n h eh nthph prnlpnrhoilghe `n Vihdnt qun sn `istigdun plr eh ugi`irnooilghei`h`, ouyhNeeÿdioh sn `iridn mhoih eh hotivi`h`, sig plsibiei`h` `n rnvnrtir`noisivh els phsls sitúh nghanotivlug pnrël`l qun vh `n els `ls h els sintn høls. `nshrrleel oldglsoitivl tingn ng nsth nthph ugh igaeungoih ngynesnprlonsl nkloilghe. Hrinti (8914) nxprnsh nsth i`nh `ioing`l: "...els olgonptls pngntrhg eh ikhdng `ne yl y, ng drhg kn`i`h el olgstituyng". Nsth ahsn olkprng`n ne èrnh psiolsloihe h eh qun Nricslg sn rnainrn olkl "igioihtivhvs. oueph", ng eh qun ehs gnonsi`h`ns psioleÿdiohs bèsiohs `n snduri`h`, honpthoiÿg, rnolgloikingtl y sngti`l `n pnrtngngoih jundhg ug phpne ikplrthgtn ng ne `nshrrleel `n eh pnrslghei`h`. Rldnrs (8911) slstingn qun ne `nshrrleel ghturhe `ne pltngoihe mukhgl pun`n vnrsn snrihkngtn `istlrsilgh`l ouhg`l eh vhelrhoiÿg nxtnrgh -qun prlvingn `n ehs aidurhs `n hutlri`h` oiroug`hgtns- trhgskitn kngshjns `n rnomhzl y `n `nvhelrhoiÿg h trhvés `n orëtiohs `nstruotivhs, `n ohstidls y `n mukieehoilgns. Ns ikplrthgtn snøhehr qun ng nsth nthph `ne `nshrrleel, ne ig`ivi`ul rnhooilgh gl sÿel hgtn els lbjntls, pnrslghs y suonsls, sigl thkbiég hgtn ehs ikèdngns. Vlr el thgtl, olkl el hairkhg Angiomne (890>) y Ahirbhirg (89>2), ugh ikhdng ns ohphz `n nvlohr els kiskls tipls `n nkloilgns y sngtikingtls qun ne prlpil lbjntl, pnrslgh l situhoiÿg  prlvlohg. `) Givne pnrslghe.

Rndi`l plr ne prigoipil `n rnhei`h`, nstn givne hbhroh `ls nthphs `ne `nshrrleel nvleutivl3 eh priknrh qun vh `n els 4 h els 82 høls (prnh`lensongoih) y eh sndug`h qun olkprng`n eh ahsn olgloi`h olkl eh h`lensongoih. Nsth h su vnz htrhvinsh plr trns pnrël`ls `istigtls: eh tnkprhgh qun olrrnsplg`n h eh pubnrth`, eh prikhrih ng eh qun ne ig`ivi`ul sn vivn `ivi`i`l ngtrn ne ghroisiskl y ne ngoungtrl olg ne ltrl y els ltrls, y eh thr`ëh (84 h 28 høls hprlxikh`hkngtn), ng eh qun nsths `ioltlkëhs sn vhg rnsleving`l plsitivh l gndhtivhkngtn y ehs plehri`h`ns vhg ngolgtrhg`l pugtls `n olgvnrdngoih y `n sëgtnsis. Eh priknrh nthph prnh`lensongtn sn ohrhotnrizh plr ne `nshrrleel `ne pngshkingtl eÿdiol he qun Vihdnt `nglkigh nthph lpnrhoilghe olgornth y ouyhs prigoiphens ohrhotnrëstiohs slg: ne rnolgloikingtl `n eh nsthbiei`h` eÿdioh `ne kug`l aësiol, eh olgsoingoih `n qun els nenkngtls pun`ng kl`iaiohrsn trhgsalrkhrsn hug hsëneolgsnrvhg sus ohrhotnrëstiohs lridighens, y eh olkprngsiÿg `n rnvnrsibiei`h` qun olgsistn ng ehlohphoi`h` phrh ykhgnjhr pngshkingtl bi`irnooilghe. Nstl ikpeioh qun eh rnsleuoiÿg`ne`nprigoipil  prlbenkhs qun ng eh nthph hgtnrilr sn rnheizhbh h trhvés trhvé s `ne ngshyl y nrrlr, hmlrh sn hblr`h plr kn`il `n eh eÿdioh. Ng eh nsanrh `n el hanotivl-nkloilghe, h eh qun Nricslg sn rnainrn olkl "hpeiohoiÿg vs. iganrilri`h`", sn nxpnrikngthg gnonsi`h`ns `n eldrl, `n hutlnstikh, hutlvhelrhoiÿg, `n pnrtngngoih y haieihoiÿg, hsë olkl `n snduri`h` y olgaihgzh ng së kiskl. Els rntls h els qun sn ngarngth eh pnrslgh ng nsth ahsn `n su `nshrrleel ns eh olgquisth `ne kug`l qun sn ngoungtrh kès heeè `n els mlrizlgtns ahkieihrns y ne ir eldrhg`l ug sngti`l `n ig`npng`ngoih qun el ohphoith phrh ngarngthr eh orisis (86) `n eh h`lensongoih. Eh ahsn `n eh h`lensongoih olrrnsplg`n he pngshkingtl lpnrhoilghe alrkhe prlpunstl plr Vihdnt, ng eh qun ne pngshkingtl qun mh oruzh`l plr ne kug`l `n els olgonptls y ehs tnlrëhs sn ngoungtrh yh ohphoith`l phrh hblr`hr ne ohkpl `n eh hbstrhooiÿg y `n eh oingoih. Eh tng`ngoih hethkngtn

 

igtndrh`lrh `ne `lkigil pnrslghe, prlpih `n nsth ahsn, sn ngoungtrh kltivh`h plr ug aunrtn ikpuesl mhoih eh alrkhoiÿg `ne hutlolgonptl, l olgstnehoiÿg `n hutlolgonptls qun igoeuyng ikèdngns, ahgthsëhs, kltivhoilgns, rnounr`ls, i`nhs, igalrkhoiÿg ig`ivi`uhe, ugh phehbrh, ne nxtngsl kug`lNstn `n i`ngtiaiohoilgns phroihens ehslbsthoueizh`l qun Hsshdileil(8940) `nglkigh y Elnvigdnrng(8941), i`ngti`h`ns `ianrngtns. prlonsl igtndrh`lr pun`n hsnr ahvlrnoi`l plr nesubpnrslghei`h`ns, kn`il hkbingtn, qun si bing njnron ugh aunrtn igaeungoih ng eh alrkhoiÿg `ne snea l së kiskl, gl plr neel el `ntnrkigh. Ouhg`l ne `nshrrleel gl mh si`l snrihkngtn `istlrsilgh`l plr ne kn`il hkbingtn, ne olgonptl `n së kiskl (olgoingoih ig`ivi`uhe) sn hkpeëh he igtndrhrsn ehs plehri`h`ns ounrpl-kngtn, lbjtivi`h`-subjntivi`h`, eÿdioh-igtuioiÿg, slkbrh-pnrslgh, giøl- h`uetl, ig`ivi`ul-sloin`h`, nrls-tmhghtls (88), olgtnkpeh`hs olkl tng`ngoihs plehrns ghturhens ng ne snr mukhgl. Nsth sëgtnsis ohphoith h eh pnrslgh phrh phshr he siduingtn givne `n olgoingoih qun igtndrh y trhsoing`n els givnens prnon`ngtns. n) Givne lrdhgëskiol sloihe

_n ridn plr els prigoipils `n eh rnehoiÿg y `n eh vleugth`. Nsth ns ugh ahsn ng eh qun sn rnheizh eh igtndrhoiÿg `n tl`ls els givnens `n olgoingoih hgtnrilrns, olklehel `nsoribng _ueeivhg, Drhgt ongtèuriols y Drhgt (89>4). ArlkkDhrzh (8998)(89=9) sn rnainrn h ésth olkl eh nthph `n eh hutlglkëh, Tiebnr (89=9) eehkh eh nthph `n els rnigls y Dlgzèenz eh `nglkigh eh nthph lrdhgëskiolsloihe. @urhgtn nsth nthph -qun gl ns plsiben ubiohr ng hedugh n`h` nspnoëaioh yh qun ikpeioh ne mhbnr heohgzh`l ug drh`l olgsi`nrhben `n kh`urnz- eh pnrslgh oruzh plr `ivnrshs nsanrhs `n hutlnxpelrhoiÿg, `n hutlhonpthoiÿg y hutlvhelrhoiÿg, hsë olkl `n prlaug`ls ounstilghkingtls `n ëg`len nxistngoihe y aielsÿaiol qun ting`n ghturhekngtn h busohr ne sidgiaioh`l y ne sngti`l `n eh nxistngoih. Elgnrdhg (89==, ?>) hairkh qun "ns slehkngtn ng ne prlonsl `n su `nshrrleel olkl ne sujntl eendh h mhonrsn olgsoingtn `n së kiskl y `n eh `istigoiÿg qun nxistn ngtrn ée y su kug`l". Olkl rnsueth`l `ne ounstilghkingtl qun ikpeioh ne prndugthr mhoih haunrh, hsë olkl `n rnaenxilghr y ounstilghrsn h së kiskl plr së kiskl, eh olgoingoih `n snr y `n nxistir olgquisth, h trhvés `n eh vleugth` y `n eh igtngoilghei`h`, he kug`l igtnrgl `n sngtikingtls qun sn hbrn y sn rnaenjh ng rnehoilgns igtnrpnrslghens sidgiaiohtivhs y olkprlknti`hs. Ésths `njhg `n tngnr ne ohrèotnr ndloégtriol`naioithril `n ehs nthphs hgtnrilrns, phrh trhgsalrkhrsn ng rnehoilgns eibrns, olkprlknti`hs y prlkltlrhs `ne `nshrrleel gl sÿel  pnrslghe, sigl olkugithril y sloihe. Ne `nshrrleel `n eh eibnrth` rnsplgshben, ohrhotnrëstiol `n ` n nstn givne `n olgoingoih, hsë olkl `n eh vleugth` `n sngti`l h eh qun Arhgce (89=2) mhon rnanrngoih, olg`uon he `nspnrthr nxistngoihe-sloihe ng ne ouhe eh igtnrhooiÿg olg ne kug`l olbrh ug gunvl sidgiaioh`l y trhsoing`n ne `nsnl ndloégtriol `n pl`nr, `n olgtrle y `n `lkigil. Olkl rnsueth`l `n eh `nshphrioiÿg `n ehs arlgtnrhs sloihens, oueturhens, pleëtiohs, i`nleÿdiohs y nolgÿkiohs, nknrdn ug khroh`l igtnrés plr eh justioih sloihe y sn `nsoubrn ne kiehdrl `ne ngoungtrl ng ne ouhe olkphrtir ns ohush `n hendrëh. Eh nknrdngoih `n ug snea l së kiskl igtndrhe, he qun Rldnrs (8948) sn rnainrn olkl eh pnrslgh qun augoilgh ÿptikhkngtn, `h eudhr

 

h ugh gunvh nthph `n trhgsalrkhoiÿg y `n nxphgsiÿg `n eh olgoingoih. a) trhgspnrslghe.   _nGivne ridn olg bhsn ng els prigoipils `n eh igtngoilghei`h` y `n eh trhsong`ngoih. Ng nstn givne sn ngoungtrh eh rnsi`ngoih `n els vhelrns

ugivnrshens, `n ehs hspirhoilgns kès nenvh`hs y `n ehs ohushs kès glbens, prnoishkngtn plrqun ns eh `ikngsiÿg qun pngntrh ng els `lkigils nspirituhens `n eh ghturhenzh mukhgh. Els mlrizlgtns `n oh`h givne `n olgoingoih y `n oh`h `ikngsiÿg mukhgh sn mhg vngi`l rnehoilghg`l n igtndrhg`l ng nthphs suonsivhs `n ug kiskl prlonsl. H nstn rnspnotl Elgnrdhg sn nxprnsh `n eh siduingtn khgnrh: "Oh`h nthph uetnrilr prnsuplgn nthphs hgtnrilrns, ng phrtn phrh igoeuirehs y ng phrtn phrh trhgsalrkhrehs. Vrnoishkngtn  plrqun ehs nthphs slg hgtnrilrns y plstnrilrns, gl mhy `ls qun snhg sikuetègnhs. _lg phrtns, gl `n ug úgiol kug`l olenotivl, sigl `n ugh úgioh bildrhaëh l `n ugh úgioh mistlrih... Pl`l hprng`izhjn ns, gl ugh knrh h`ioiÿg qun sn mhon h el hgtnrilrkngtn hprng`i`l, sigl kès bing ne ornoikingtl lrdègiol `n el qun mhbëhkls hprng`i`l". Elgnrdhg, olg su prlpunsth slbrn els prlonsl `n olgvnrsiÿg qun ne snr olgsoingtn suarn h el ehrdl `n ehs trns nthphs l nsanrhs: ehs nsanrhs rnstrigdi`hs `ne snr, eh nsanrh rnhe y eh nsanrh trhsong`ngtn snr3 Arnirn, quing givne trhgspnrslghe `n olgoingoih ne klkngtl ng ne`nqun prlonsl mukhgizhoiÿg`ne olgoeuyn y eh phrh pnrslgh sn ne ngohkigh mhoih eh mukhgizhoiÿg qunsurdn sÿel ng ns plsiben h trhvés els nehotls `n eh`n vleugth` y `n ug njnroioil rnsplgshben `n eh eibnrth` qun `nspinrth h eh olgoingoih ugithrih ng eh ouhe sn rnsunevn ne kistnril `n eh ugi`h` ng eh kuetipeioi`h`. Ne givne trhgspnrslghe `n olgoingoih, olgtnkpeh`h `ns`n nsth ÿptioh, sn olgstituyn olkl ne givne kès nenvh`l `n `nshrrleel `ne  pltngoihe mukhgl. _us ohrhotnrëstiohs prigoiphens slg: eh pnronpoiÿg delbhe u mleëstioh, eh trhsong`ngoih `n el tnkplrhe y el nsphoihe, hsë olkl ne `nshpndl `ne ndlongtriskl qun sn khgiainsth h trhvés `n ehs knthgnonsi`h`ns y knthkltivhoilgns. _n olgstituyn olkl ne tnstidl, lbsnrvh`lr y phrtioiphgtn `ne snr y `ne _nr. Eh pengh rnheizhoiÿg `ne pltngoihe prlpil `n eh ghturhenzh `ne mlkbrn y `n eh kujnr eendh h su kèxikh nxprnsiÿg ng ne klkngtl ng qun he `nspnrthr h eh Olgoingoih ^githrih (Dlgzèenz Dhrzh, 89=9) sn aug`n, sig olgaug`irsn, olg ne snr nsngoihe qun ns su lridng. @ns`n eh pnrspnotivh trhgspnrslghe, ne `nshrrleel igtndrhe `n eh olgoingoih olgsistn ng eh hotuheizhoiÿg `ne pltngoihe igghtl qun sn ngoungtrh ehtngtn ng oh`h ugh `n ehs `ikngsilgns qun olgalrkhg eh ghturhenzh mukhgh. Nstn prlonsl sn rnheizh ng eh kn`i`h ng qun ne ig`ivi`ul -ng oh`h nthph `n su `nshrrleel- vh eldrhg`l rnolglonr, honpthr, sikbleizhr, lrdhgizhr n igtndrhr ng su olgoingoih ig`ivi`uhe, tl`ls els nenkngtls, ohrhotnrëstiohs, plehri`h`ns y subpnrslghei`h`ns (8?) qun olrrnsplg`ng h oh`h nsth`il `n olgoingoih.

 

Vsioltnrhpih Prhgspnrslghe Eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe mh igtrl`uoi`l ng eh prèotioh psioltnrhpéutioh `ivnrshs téogiohs phrh ig`uoir nsth oehsn `n nxpnringoihs, h ehs quntéogiohs htribuyng ne pltngoiheeh`nkn`ithoiÿg, prl`uoir prlaug`ls ng ne ne pngshkingtl, nkloilgns eh olg`uoth. Ngtrn nsths sn ngoungtrhg eh tnrhpihohkbils psiqun`éeioh, hisehkingtlehs sngslrihe y eh y mipnrvngtiehoiÿg. Nsth olrringtn hairkh qun, h trhvés `n nsths téogiohs, sn hoon`n h el qun eehkhg nsth`ls kl`iaioh`ls `n olgsoingoih. Ng els nsth`ls kl`iaioh`ls `n olgsoingoih sn prl`uong ohkbils ng ne aeujl `ne  pngshkingtl, ng eh pnronpoiÿg `n eh rnhei`h` y h givne nkloilghe. Ng nstls nsth`ls pun`ng lourrir nxpnringoihs `n ohthrsis y, slbrn tl`l, nxpnringoihs këstiohs l nxtètiohs, qun `ivnrsls hutlrns mhg `naigi`l olkl rneidilshs, trhsong`ngtns, trhgspnrslghens l nxpnringoihs oukbrn. Ng nsths vivngoihs ne kug`l sn pnroibn olkl ugh tlthei`h`, ng eh qun ne prlpil ig`ivi`ul nstè igknrsl. _n prl`uon, he kiskl tinkpl, ugh sngshoiÿg subjntivh `n ugi`h`, ng eh qun ne Yl ig`ivi`uhe sn `ieuyn, `nshphrnoing`l tl`h `istigoiÿg sidgiaiohtivh ngtrn ne Yl y ne kug`l nxtnrilr. Eh psioltnrhpih trhgspnrslghe nstè `irnoth l ig`irnothkngtn igtnrnsh`h plr ne rnolgloikingtl, eh honpthoiÿg y eh rnheizhoiÿg `n els nsth`ls úetikls: ugi`h`, tlthei`h`, vnr`h` úetikh, rnhei`h` hbsleuth, pnronpoiÿg `n el shdrh`l, nxpnringoih lonègioh l nxpnringoih `n @ils, hsë olkl plr `nsoubrir y supnrhr els lbstèouels y bhrrnrhs qun ikpi`ng nstn `nspnrthr. Ns ugh prèotioh qun vh kès heeè `n els eëkitns `ne ndl, alrkhg`l ug pungtn ngtrn els rnigls  psioleÿdiols y els nspirituhens. Ongtrh su htngoiÿg ng ehs hetnrhoilgns psëquiohs rnehoilgh`hs olg ehs orisis nspirituhens qun sn prnsngthg olkl rnsueth`l `n: ne `nshrrleel `naioingtn `n eh olgoingoih, ne arhohsl ng els prlonsls `n `ianrngoihoiÿg-igtndrhoiÿg, ne mn`lgiskl nspirituhe, ne ghroisiskl nspirituhe, eh `nprnsiÿg ohush`h plr eh glomn lsourh `ne hekh y els prlbenkhs qun surdng hgtn ug `nspnrthr nspirituhe prnkhturl, hsë olkl plr ehs ahsns `n trhgsalrkhoiÿg plr ehs qun ne snr mukhgl htrhvinsh h el ehrdl `ne prlonsl `n `nspnrthr h su vnr`h`nrh nsngoih. Olkl pun`n lbsnrvhrsn, eh ghturhenzh y els lbjntivls ongtrhens `n eh psioltnrhpih trhgspnrslghe trhsoing`ng els rnigls ndÿiol y pnrslghe `n eh olgoingoih he h`ngtrhrsn ng ehs prlaug`i`h`ns `n eh `ikngsiÿg nspirituhe. _u igtnrés plr els hspnotls `n eh pnrslghei`h` y `n eh olg`uoth rnehoilgh`ls olg ehs rndilgns supnrilrns `n eh ghturhenzh mukhgh, hsë olkl eh olgviooiÿg `n qun ne ohkigl mhoih eh sheu` igtndrhe nxidn oh`h vnz kès eh igtnrrnehoiÿg `n ehs `isoipeighs pnrslghens olg ehs trhgspnrslghens, en olg`uong h igtrl`uoirsn `ngtrl `ne ohkpl `n ehs ngsnøhgzhs y prlpunsths psioleÿdiohs `n ehs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens. Nsth igtnrhooiÿg mh trhë`l olgsidl drhg`ns vngthjhs, hsë olkl hedughs `nsvngthjhs y  pneidrls h eh prèotioh psioltnrhpéutioh. Ngtrn ehs vngthjhs ohbn `nsthohr: ` nsthohr: ugh nxtngsiÿg sidgiaiohtivh `n kirhs ng ouhgtl h el qun sn rnainrn h olgonptls hgtrlplaielsÿaiols y psioleÿdiols qun hbrng ug mlrizlgtn kès hkpeil mhoih eh olkprngsiÿg `ne olkpenjl angÿkngl mukhgl3 eh ornhoiÿg `n ug pungtn ngtrn eh `ikngsiÿg tnkplrhe `n eh oingoih y

 

eh `ikngsiÿg htnkplrhe n igaigith `n eh këstioh, qun pnrkitn eh igtndrhoiÿg `ne olgloikingtl y `n eh shbi`urëh y ugh hprlxikhoiÿg `istigth h eh olgonpoiÿg, vhelrhoiÿg n igtnrvngoiÿg ng ehs orisis `n trhgsalrkhoiÿg qun pun`ng eendhr h prnsngthrsn olkl rnsueth`l `nnsth prèotiohs nspirituhens y nxpnringoihs gl lr`ighrihs `n olgoingoih. Vlr úetikl, els  pneidrls qun pun`ng rnsuethr `n olgausiÿg slg, ngtrn ltrls: eh igtrl`uooiÿg `n prèotiohs nspirituhens ig`isorikigh`hs ng ne olgtnxtl `n eh psioltnrhpih, eh tngthoiÿg ng eh qun ne psioltnrhpnuth pun`n ohnr `n hspirhr h olgvnrtirsn ng khnstrl l durú y `njhr h ug eh`l eh rnsplgshbiei`h` qun su qunmhonr prlansilghe nspnoëaiol en nxidn y ne prntng`nr qun h trhvés `ne kl`nel trhgspnrslghe pun`ng trhthrsn tl`hs ehs `isaugoilgns, hetnrhoilgns y phtleldëhs, sig tlkhr ng oungth su ntileldëh y ne givne `n olgoingoih ng ne qun ésths sn dngnrhg y sn `nshrrleehg. Nsth ahesh  prntngsiÿg olg`uon h idglrhr qun `istigths khgiansthoilgns phtleÿdiohs rnquinrng rnq uinrng `n ngalquns psioleÿdiols y `n kl`nels `n igtnrvngoiÿg psioltnrhpéutioh `ianrngtns. Ns kuy ikplrthgtn snøhehr qun si bing eh psioltnrhpih trhgspnrslghe prntng`n igtndrhr els hspnotls y els angÿkngls aësiols (bileÿdiols y khtnrihens), els psioleÿdiols (kngthens y hgëkiols) y els nspirituhens (trhsong`ngtns y këstiols), su ohkpl `n hooiÿg `iainrn ikplrthgtnkngtn `n hqune h ehs Ehyaighei`h` `n eh prèotioh psioltnrhpéutioh ongtrhgqun ngolrrnsplg`n eh htngoiÿg `n ehs trh`ioilgns hetnrhoilgns,nspirituhens. `isaugoilgns phtleldëhsy els qunlbjntivls pun`ng prnsngthrsn olkl rnsueth`l `ne sn `nspnrthr `n ehs ngnrdëhs n ikpuesls nspirituhens. Vlr el thgtl, prntng`nr igvh`ir l usurphr ne tnrrngl `n ehs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens, ns ug nrrlr ohtndlrihe qun pun`n eendhr h tngnr olgsnoungoihs ehkngthbens. Ne ngalqun trhgspnrslghe gl ns ugh trh`ioiÿg nspirituhe, gi ug ohkigl olgtnkpehtivl h trhvés `ne ouhe sn tingn hoonsl h ehs rnhei`h`ns trhsong`ngtns y he `nsoubrikingtl `n eh Nsngoih @ivigh, sigl ugh olrringtn psioleÿdioh aug`hkngth`h ng ug ngalqun olkprnmngsivl `n els heohgons rnkltls `n eh ghturhenzh mukhgh, qun `nvneh els prlbenkhs, `iaioueth`ns y ehs orisis `n trhgsalrkhoiÿg nspirituhe y ahoieith els prlonsls `n i`ngtiaiohoiÿg-igtndrhoiÿgolgslei`hoiÿg-`nsi`ngtiaiohoiÿg, qun pnrkitng eh nxphgsiÿg `n eh olgoingoih.

Péogiohs

Péogiohs

Eh psioltnrhpih trhgspnrslghe olkbigh `ivnrshs téogiohs olg ne lbjntl `n prlvlohr ug nanotl kès hkpeil. He olgjugtl `n téogiohs qun sn nstruoturhg olg bhsn ng els lbjntivls qun sn prntng`n, sn en olglon olkl njnroioils. Éstls plr el dngnrhe igoeuyng téogiohs `n rnspirhoiÿg, `n rnehjhoiÿg, `n visuheizhoiÿg, `n olgongtrhoiÿg kngthe y `n ikhdighoiÿg ornhtivh, ngtrn ltrhs. Ne térkigl kétl`l olrrnsplg`n he olgjugtl `n téogiohs y njnroioils qun sn nkpenhg ng eh prèotioh psioltnrhpéutioh.

 

Péogiohs `n eh Vsiolsëgtnsis

Eh psiolsëgtnsis `ivi`n eh prèotioh psioltnrhpéutioh ng `ls drhg`ns drupls. Ne priknrl sn hbloh h htng`nr els olgaeiotls, `isaugoilgns y hetnrhoilgns `ne givne pnrslghe `n `nshrrleel, ng ouyl ohsl ne lbjntivl ns eh nstruoturhoiÿg l rnnstruoturhoiÿg `ne snea pnrslghe, y ne sndug`l qun olrrnsplg`n he givne trhgspnrslghe, sn ongtrh ng ne `nshrrleel `n ugh nstruoturh hrkÿgioh qun pnrkith y ahvlrnzoh eh hsikiehoiÿg y eh igtndrhoiÿg `n ehs tng`ngoihs y ehs ngnrdëhs nspirituhens. Vhrh ehs ahsns igioihens `n eh psioltnrhpih sn nkpenhg: bildrhaëh, hutlbildrhaëh, `ihril, ounstilghrils `ivnrsls, hgèeisis `n els sunøls, téogiohs prlynotivhs, `ibujl eibrn y njnroioils ng els qun sn utieizh kúsioh, klvikingtl rëtkiol y nxprnsiÿg ornhtivh. Kès h`nehgtn, y olg bhsn ng ne prlonsl ig`ivi`uhe `ne qun sn trhtn, sn vhg utieizhg`l utieizhg`l ehs siduingtns téogiohs: i`ngtiaiohoiÿg-`nsi`ngtiaiohoiÿg, trhbhjl olg ehs subpnrslghei`h`ns, ahgthsëhs duih`hs, nvlohoilgns visuhens, leahtivhs, dusthtivhs, kltrions, hu`itivhs y sikbÿeiohs, nxprnsiÿg `ne snr h trhvés `ne hrtn, trhgsalrkhoiÿg `n ehs ngnrdëhs psiololrplrhens, ngtrnghkingtl ikhdightivl, kn`ithoiÿg rnaenxivh y olgtnkpehtivh, `ièeldl igtnrilr, bibeiltnrhpih, kl`nel i`nhe `ne yl, `nsoubrikingtl `n ehs ngnrdëhs y ehs `ikngsilgns `ne hklr, `n ehs rnehoilgns igtnrpnrslghens, `ne ngoungtrl y `ne olkprlkisl sloihe, ngtrn ltrhs. Ngtrn els njnroioils kès rnolkng`h`ls sn ngoungtrhg hquneels qun ahvlrnong ne khgnjl `ne muklriskl, eh trhgsalrkhoiÿg `n ehs ngnrdëhs snxuhens, ehs hdrnsivhs, ehs olkbhtivhs y ehs nkltivhs, ngtrn ltrhs, ne trhbhjl olg els kin`ls qun nxpnrikngth ne oeingtn, eh sëgtnsis `n plehri`h`ns, hsë olkl hquneels qun sn `iridng h eh puriaiohoiÿg `ne ounrpl, `n eh kngtn y `ne nspëritu, h eldrhr eh olkugiÿg olg eh ghturhenzh y h alrthenonr eh vleugth`, eh eibnrth` y eh rnsplgshbiei`h`. Phgtl ehs téogiohs, olkl els njnroioils qun hquë sn  prnsngthg, ahvlrnong ne `nshrrleel `n eh bilpsiolsëgtnsis. _istnkh `n nknrdngoih nspirituhe

Ne sistnkh `n nknrdngoih nspirituhe ns ugh alrkh `n igtnrvngoiÿg `isnøh`h y `nshrrleeh`h plr Drla (89=9) sn `iridn h eh htngoiÿg `n ehs orisis qun sn prnsngthg hgtn ne `nspnrthr `n ehs ngnrdëhs nspirituhens, h ehs qun Drla sn rnainrn olkl orisis `n trhgsalrkhoiÿg. Drla `nshrrleeh el qun ée mh eehkh`l eh tnrhpih mleltrÿpioh olg eh igtngoiÿg `n hotivhr ne igolgsoingtn y `nsbelqunhr eh ngnrdëh plsitivh, qun ns eh qun pnrkitn h eh pnrslgh supnrhr eh arhdkngthoiÿg igtnrilr y ne sngti`l `ne hisehkingtl `ne kug`l, phrh eldrhr hsë eh igtndrhoiÿg tlthe. Nsth tnrhpih nxpnringoihe olgsistn ng prnsngthr nstëkuels he phoingtn qun en olg`uzohg h nxpnrikngthr olg pengitu` ehs sngshoilgns y nkloilgns nknrdngtns, hsë olkl ng hyu`hren h `nsoubrir alrkhs hprlpih`hs phrh nxprnshrehs. Vhrh

 

neel sn igvith h eh pnrslgh h utieizhr slgi`ls, plsturhs, klvikingtls, `ibujls, els kèg`hehs y ltrhs alrkhs `n nxprnsiÿg sikbÿeioh y/l knthaÿrioh. Drla olkbigh eh téogioh `n eh rnspirhoiÿg mleltrÿpioh olg ltrls njnroioils y téogiohs qun ahvlrnong rntrlspnooiÿg y eibnrhg hengig`ivi`ul su olrhzh kusouehr. olg`uong he ig`ivi`ul h nxpnrikngthr nsth`ls glehlr`ighrils `n olgoingoih els qun sn`nrnvivng situhoilgns y/lNstls npisl`ils pnrighthens,  bildrèaiols, nstétiols l trhgspnrslghens. Eh utieizhoiÿg `n kúsioh nvlohtivh oui`h`lshkngtn oui`h` lshkngtn prldrhkh`h, `n téogiohs `n rndrnsiÿg y `n mipnrvngtiehoiÿg hbrng eh punrth `n shbi`urëh lrdhgëskioh qun ns eh qun ng úetikh igsthgoih olg`uon h eh nxpnringoih trhgspnrslghe3 hquneeh qun vh kès heeè `ne kug`l `ne igtnenotl rhoilghe, snenotivl, vnrbhe y eikith`l. _n mh pehgtnh`l yh eh ikplrthgoih qun tingn phrh eh psioltnrhpih trhgspnrslghe ne qun téogiohs y nstrhtndihs qun sn nkpenhg ng ne prlonsl rnsplg`hg nspnoëaiohkngtn h oh`h ohsl phrtiouehr. Ng hedughs lohsilgns ehs téogiohs `nbnrèg `iridirsn h honenrhr ne prlonsl `n trhgsalrkhoiÿg, ng ouyl ohsl sn sudinrn ne usl `n eh kn`ithoiÿg, ne ohgtl `n khgtrhs ng drupl, ehs prèotiohs olgtnkpehtivhs y els rituhens prlpils `n eh prèotioh nspirituhe qun eh pnrslgh prlansn, l ng ltrls térkigls, el qun Tiebnr eehkh "ne ohkigl `ne shgtl". Eh utieizhoiÿg `n eh kúsioh, eh `hgzh, eh pigturh y ltrls kn`ils `n nxprnsiÿg `n els sngtikingtls, ns el h`nouh`l ng nstls ohsls. _ig nkbhrdl sn prnsngthg lohsilgns ng qun ne ritkl `ne prlonsl igtnrainrn olg eh vi`h olti`ihgh `ne phoingtn y el qun ésth en `nkhg`h, plr el qun sn mhon gnonshril `iskiguir nstn ritkl. Vhrh neel, el rnolkng`hben ns qun eh pnrslgh suspng`h tl`h alrkh `n prèotioh nspirituhe, ohkbin eh `inth heikngtioih (h ugh kès prltnëgioh y rioh ng ohelrëhs), sn `n bhøls oheingtns y rnheion trhbhjls y njnroioils aësiols eidnrls. @nbi`l h els olkplgngtns psiolslkètiols qun suneng prnsngthr nsths hetnrhoilgns, eh houpugturh pun`n snr ug trhthkingtl hetnrghtivl rnolkng`hben. Nsth prèotioh tingn rnsueth`ls nxonengtns ng ne `nsbelqunl `n eh ngnrdëh y eh hrklgizhoiÿg `n ehs ngnrdëhs psioleÿdiohs. Hsikiskl ne nkpenl `n ehs téogiohs y nstrhtndihs prlpihs `n ehs tnrhpihs mukhgisths y `n eh psiolsëgtnsis slg nspnoihekngtn h`nouh`hs. Drla rnolking`h h els psioltnrhpnuths qun mhong usl `n eh tnrhpih mleltrÿpioh, qun ne  prlonsl gl sn eikitn h eh olkugiohoiÿg vnrbhe, sigl qun pnrkith y prlkunvh eh nxpnringoih igtndrhe y sn `irijh h eh eibnrhoiÿg `n ehs nkloilgns rnpriki`hs. Hsikiskl, sudinrn qun ng ohsls kuy snvnrls, ouhg`l ne ig`ivi`ul  prnsngth olkplrthkingtls hutl`nstruotivls l sn ngoungtrh sukhkngtn hdith`l, h dith`l, el i`nhe ns larnonr h nsth pnrslgh ug oui`h`l igtngsivl ehs 20 mlrhs `ne `ëh l, ng su `nanotl, utieizhr ne usl `n trhgquieizhgtns u ltrls aèrkhols, kiskls qun sinkprn `nbnrèg snr h`kigistrh`ls h`kigistrh`ls plr ug ké`iol-psiquihtrh qun olglzoh ne ohsl ng phrtiouehr. Kn`ithoiÿg

Ne lbjntivl ongtrhe `n eh kn`ithoiÿg kn`ith oiÿg ns hrklgizhr eh ngnrdëh psëquioh, ahvlrnonr ne `nshrrleel `ne pltngoihe nspirituhe y ohpitheizhrel `n the alrkh qun sn igtndrn ng givnens supnrilrns `n lrdhgizhoiÿg. @urhgtn ehs priknrhs

 

nthphs `n eh prèotioh kn`ithtivh, suneng irrukpir vilengthkngtn ng eh olgoingoih hedugls nenkngtls rnpriki`ls `n ehs nstruoturhs iganrilrns, prlvlohg`l ug ngarngthkingtl olg eh slkbrh. Nstn mnoml mh eenvh`l h hedugls h ornnr qun eh kn`ithoiÿg sn eikith h snr ugh mnrrhkingth útie téogioh phrh ahoieithr eh neikighoiÿg `nsigelsolkprng`nr hspnotls slkbrëls  pnrslghei`h`, ng ouyl ohsl sn rnolking`h olkl ugh `n hutlolgloikingtl, qun nstn`n eh angÿkngl gl ns ltrh olsh kès qun ug subprl`uotl `n eh prèotioh kn`ithtivh. _i eh kn`ithoiÿg sn eikithrh h snr slehkngtn ug kn`il phrh heohgzhr ne prlpil olgloikingtl, ésth gl snrëh sigl ug knrl igstrukngtl he snrvioil `ne ndl, y gl ugh `isoipeigh qun kunvn y ohgheizh ehs ngnrdëhs nspirituhens. Ehs priknrhs igvnstidhoilgns slbrn `ianrngtns tipls `n prèotiohs `n kn`ithoiÿg y yldh sn olkngzhrlg h rnheizhr h  phrtir `n els høls 16.Ng su nstu`il slbrn kn`ithoiÿg Zng, Chkhtshsu y Mirhi (8911) ngolgtrhrlg, qun eh  prl`uooiÿg `n lg`hs heah nsthbh hsloih`h olg ne drh`l drh` l `n olkpntngoih ng eh kn`ithoiÿg y olg ne gúknrl `n høls `n prèotioh. Hedugls sujntls kuy olkpntngtns, qun mhbëhg prhotioh`l zhzng plr kès `n 26 høls, klstrhbhg ug hetl drh`l `n prl`uooiÿg `n lg`hs heah y lg`hs tmnth. Ne drupl `n ylduis prhotiohgtns `n rhjh yldh nstu`ih`l plr Hghg` ng eh Ig`ih thkbiég klstrl ug ritkl heah sikiehr (Hghg` nt he, 8918). Theehon (8946h) thkbiég ngolgtrÿ ug  prn`lkigil `n eh hotivi`h` `n ehs lg`hs heah `urhgtn eh kn`ithoiÿg kn `ithoiÿg ng su nstu`il slbrn kn`ithoiÿg trhsong`ngthe. Pnging`l ng oungth nstls `htls, ng olgjugtl olg eh rn`uooiÿg ng ne knthbleiskl bhshe, ne givne `n ehothtl nto, Theehon (8946b) prlpusl eh nxistngoih `n ug ouhrtl nsth`l `n olgsoingoih, `naigiég`lel olkl ―nsn nsth`l  psiolaisileÿdiol nspnoihe `n `nsohgsl y olgsoingoih purh qun ugl ug l pun`n heohgzhr `urhgtn eh kn`ithoiÿg‛. Chkhshtsu y Mirhi (8911) `nsoribng nstn nsth`l `n olgsoingoih rnehjh`h olkl ug ―nsth`l nspnoihe `n olgsoingoih ng ne qun ne givne nxoithtlril `ne olrtnx sn rn`uon rnspnotl he nsth`l `n vidieih lr`ighril, pnrl gl ns thg bhjl olkl ng ne sunøl… y ng ne qun els nstëkuels igtnrgls y nxtnrgls slg pnroibi`ls `n alrkh prnoish olg ugh rnonptivi`h` nsthben‛. Nsth rnonptivi`h` nsthben ng els kn`ith`lrns Zng ikpeioh qun eh prl`uooiÿg `n lg`hs heah `urhgtn eh kn`ithoiÿg ns kngls susonptiben `n mhbituhoiÿg h els nstëkuels sngslrihens qun ng ne nsth`l `n vidieih lr`ighril. Ouhg`l ne tnrhpnuth gl nstè ahkieihrizh`l olg els `istigtls ohkigls `n kn`ithoiÿg qun nxistng, hsë olkl olg ehs olgsnoungoihs qun nsth prèotioh tingn ng eh psiqun, su hooiÿg gl slehkngtn ns irrnsplgshben, sigl kuy rinsdlsh. Ne ohkigl `ne yldui pun`n eendhr h ohushr trhstlrgls nkloilghens y snxuhens snrils ng ig`ivi`uls qun sn ngoungtrhg ng givnens `n `nshrrleel hgtnrilrns he pnrslghe. Ng nstn kiskl ohsl sn ngoungtrh eh kn`ithoiÿg clhg `ne Zng qun rnsueth olgtrhig`ioh`h `nbi`l h qun prlvloh ugh hgsin`h` prlaug`h qun hanoth snrihkngtn h pnrslghs olg prlbenkhs `n hgsin`h` psiolgnurÿtioh. Húg ng ne givne pnrslghe `n olgoingoih, ouhg`l ehs phtleldëhs olrrnsplg`ingtns sn ohrhotnrizhg plr eh olgausiÿg `n rlens, ne drndhriskl phtleÿdiol y ne arhohsl `n ugh i`ngti`h`  pnrslghe, eh kn`ithoiÿg sn olgvinrtn ng ug igstrukngtl `n rhoilgheizhoiÿg, `n shtisahooiÿg `n

 

gnonsi`h`ns `naioithrihs y `ne hotigd lut . Arnoungtnkngtn, ehs orisis `n trhgsalrkhoiÿg sn dngnrhg prnoishkngtn plr prèotiohs kn`ithtivhs nquivloh`hs ng ehs ouhens eh nspirituhens, irrupoiÿg vilength `n ehnsth`ls slkbrh`nngolgausiÿg eh olgoingoih, l bing eh `istigtls klvieizhoiÿg igtngsh y prnkhturhy `n ngnrdëhs prlvlohg qun prnsngthg drh`ls `n olkpenji`h` `n ehs snvnri`h`. Els npisl`ils psioÿtiols l psnu`lpsioÿtiols qun sn `nsprng`ng `n ugh prèotioh nquivloh`h, sn `nbng dngnrhekngtn h qun eh pnrslgh gl mh heohgzh`l húg ugh nstruoturh nsthben y aunrtn `ne snea. @h`l h qun ne prlpÿsitl `n eh kn`ithoiÿg ting`n h eh `isleuoiÿg `n ehs nstruoturhs ndÿiohs phrh hsë eendhr h trhsong`nrehs, ne ig`ivi`ul qun  prnsngth ohrhotnrëstiohs blr`nreign l psioÿtiohs suarn ugh `nsigtndrhoiÿg khylr qun `isphrh y hotivh su phtleldëh. Ng dngnrhe, eh prèotioh kn`ithtivh ns olgtrhig`ioh`h phrh tl`h hquneeh pnrslgh qun prnsngth khgiansthoilgns  phtleÿdiohs prlpihs `n els givnens prnpnrslghe y ndÿiol `n olgoingoih, olgoingo ih, hugqun hedughs téogiohs `iridi`hs he `nshrrleel `n eh olgongtrhoiÿg qun hgtnon`ng h eh prèotioh kn`ithtivh prlpihkngtn `iomh, rnsuethg ig`ioh`hs. Ngtrn ésths sn ngoungtrhg: els njnroioils `n rnehjhoiÿg, ne snduir olg htngoiÿg h eh rnspirhoiÿg, ne olgthr ugh y ltrh vnz `ne ugl he `inz ehs igspirhoilgns y nxpirhoilgns, ne thi omi omuhg, hsë olkl oinrths prèotiohs `n eh kn`ithoiÿg khgtrhyhgh qun pun`ng snr ugh hetnrghtivh `n hplyl h eh psioltnrhpih.  Ng ne ohsl `n eh phtleldëh prlpih `ne givne pnrslghe-nxistngoihe eh prèotioh `n eh kn`ithoiÿg ns ug igstrukngtl qun  prlkunvn y bngnaioih ne prlonsl tnrhpéutiol. Eh hgsin`h` hgsin`h ` y eh `nprnsiÿg nxistngoihe si bing pun`ng tngnr ohrhotnrëstiohs sikiehrns h eh psiolgnurlsis, gl sn vng hanoth`hs gndhtivhkngtn plr eh kn`ithoiÿg, hugqun ng nstls ohsls eh rnaenxiÿg aielsÿaioh rnsueth kès ig`ioh`h. Ne kétl`l `n eh eldltnrhpih, `nshrrleeh`l plr Arhgce ns hethkngtn rnolkng`h`l phrh trhthr ehs `isaugoilgns prlpihs `ne givne pnrslghe-nxistngoihe `n `nshrrleel `n eh olgoingoih. Ltrhs téogiohs trhgspnrslghens

Ngtrn ehs téogiohs qun eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe mh rntlkh`l phrh ngriqunonr su  prèotioh sn ngoungtrhg: eh téogioh `n eh ikhdighoiÿg ikhdigho iÿg hotivh `iridi`h h hoon`nr he igolgsoingtn olenotivl y ltrhs ngohkigh`hs h ahoieithr ne `nsoubrikingtl `n eh slkbrh, `n Jugd, eh ahgthsëh duih`h `nshrrleeh`h plr @nslieen ng eh `éoh`h `n els høls trnigth, eh visuheizhoiÿg sikbÿeioh qun nxplgn Rlwhg, ne sistnkh tnrhpéutiol `nshrrleeh`l plr Thesm he qun sn en olglon olkl "@inz pnranooilgns", ouyh prigoiphe ohrhotnrëstioh ns qun sn ongtrh ng eh ieukighoiÿg y gl ng eh phtleldëh, y ne kétl`l `n eh hutllbsnrvhoiÿg qun Gnn`enkhg `nsoubrn ng eh kn`ithoiÿg. Ltrh rnanrngoih ikplrthgtn ng ouhgtl h téogiohs gls eh larnon slg ehs `nPhrt . Phrt prnsngth ng susu eibrl els ohkigls `ne bu`iskl zng, ne yldh, ne ouhrtl ohkigl `n Dur`jinaa, ne ngtrnghkingtl `n Hrioh, ne suaiskl

 

olgtnkplrègnl y eh psioleldëh `n eh trh`ioiÿg këstioh oristihgh, qun larnong `istigths téogiohs y mnrrhkingths phrh  prlklvnr ne `nspnrthr `n ehs ngnrdëhs nspirituhens y eh sheu` igtndrhe.

Hpeiohoilgns Ækbitl Oeëgiol Eh tnrhpih igtndrhtivh mh si`l nxpunsth olkl naiohz ng ug drhg gúknrl `n sëg`rlkns y prlbenkhs nkloilghens. Ng nsth snooiÿg larnonrnkls hedugls njnkpels `n `iomhs hpeiohoilgns. 8. Vhoingtns olg trhstlrgl eikëtrlan `n pnrslghei`h` (PEV)

Khrsmh Eignmhg nt he. (Mnhr` y Eignmhg, 89903 Eignmhg, 899?) mhg prnsngth`l olg sukl `ntheen ug prldrhkh igtndrhtivl phrh nstn `iaëoie y rnthgtn trhstlrgl `n pnrslghei`h`. Rnolr`nkls qun ne phoingtn olg PEV sunen ohrhotnrizhrsn olkl hethkngtn ikpuesivl, olg ohkbils hgëkiols rèpi`ls, ng `lg`n rnplrth ug drhg vhoël nxistngoihe y `lg`n hbug`hg arnoungtns hotls l dnstls suioi`hs y `n hutlkutiehoiÿg (Dug`nrslg, Zhghrigi y Cisine, 899>). Ng nstn kl`nel sn tlkhg olkl bhsn ehs prnkishs `ne hprng`izhjn sloihe ng ne sngti`l `n qun drhg phrtn `n ehs olg`uoths `nsvih`hs l prlbenkètiohs slg ngtng`i`hs olkl `naioingoihs l nxonsls olg`uotuhens. Nstl eenvh h Eignmhg h `hren égahsis ng su trhthkingtl h qun ne phoingtn eldrn igornkngthr olg`uoths h`hpthtivhs, qun mhsth ne klkngtl gl mhbëh nkiti`l plr gl ngolgtrhrsn ng su rnpnrtlril `n olg`uoths. Vlr el thgtl, Eignmhg hpugth qun nstls phoingtns `nkunstrhg `naioingoihs ng mhbiei`h`ns igtnrpnrslghens, el qun h su vnz trhn olkl olgsnoungoih nstiels `n sleuoiÿg `n prlbenkhs qun suneng snr ikpuesivls, `høigls n ignanotivls. Ltrh `n ehs bhsns `n nstn kl`nel igtndrhtivl tlkh sus rhëons ng hspnotls bilsloihens. Eignmhg ngting`n qun eh phtleldëh kn`uehr `ne PEV olgsistn `n ugh ehbiei`h` nkloilghe orÿgioh. Nstl ns ikplrthgtn yh qun ne olgtrle `ne olrhjn ns ugh ohrhotnrëstioh ikplrthgtn `ne PEV. Nsth ehbiei`h` y `nsolgtrle nkltivl els vuegnrhbieizh h prnsngthr ugh prn`isplsioiÿg aisileÿdioh qun h su vnz sn trh`uon ng nsthr mipnrsngsibens h nstëkuels nkltivls (rndhøls, orëtiohs), ng rnsplg`nr `n khgnrh nxhdnrh`h h els kiskls (rhbinths, olrhjns igtngsls, hutlkutiehoilgns) y ng thr`hr olgsi`nrhbenkngtn ng rndrnshr h ug nsth`l  bhsn `n augoilghkingtl ÿptikl. Ltrh bhsn ikplrthgtn `n nstn kl`nel ns n s qun igtndrh eh i`nh `n el oruoihe `ne `nshrrleel nvleutivl `n eh pnrslgh. Mly shbnkls qun ehs pnrslghs olg `ihdgÿstiol `n PE@ usuhekngtn tingng ug mistlrihe nxtngsl `n hbusl snxuhe, aësiol y gndeidngoih ng eh giønz. Eignmhg hpugth qun nstls hkbingtns ting`ng h dngnrhr y nxhonrbhr vuegnrhbiei`h`ns nkltivhs y `iaioueth`ns ng eldrhr kl`uehr ehs nkloilgns. Ng ug hkbingtn ng `lg`n eh nxpnringoih igtnrgh gl sn vhei`h, els ph`rns ting`ng h kigikizhr l phshr plr hetl ne suarikingtl igtnrgl `ne giøl. He olgtrhril, sn en ngvëhg kngshjns `n qun gl singthg el qun nstèg sigting`l, el qun trhn olkl olgsnoungoih qun eh pnrslgh gl hprng`n h kl`uehr sus sngtikingtls y sus nkloilgns. He gl hprng`nr nsth ikplrthgtn thrnh, ne

 

giøl vh hprng`ing`l qun sÿel nsohehg`l eh nxprnsiÿg nkloilghe `n sus gnonsi`h`ns sn en hting`n. Vlr el thgtl, ne ngalqun `n Eignmhg pun`n snr ubioh`l `ngtrl `n eh vnrtingtn igtndrhoilgisth tnÿrioh `ne KI, yh qun sn gutrn `n `ivnrsls `isoursls`ntnÿriols givnens `n hgèeisis. igtndrh els rnoursls y téogiohs kès hplyh`ls ne givne nkpëriol khgnrhysnoungoihe. Els `htlsH`ioilghekngtn, nkpëriols qun mhg prnsngth`l Eignmhg y olehblrh`lrns slbrnng eh naiohoih `n nsth kl`hei`h` tnrhpéutioh slg ikprnsilghgtns (Eignmhg nt he., 8998, 899?). 2. Prhstlrgls `isloihtivls

Eh `isloihoiÿg olkl olgstruotl psioleÿdiol mh rndrnsh`l olg tl`h aunrzh he vlohbuehril `ihril `ne psioÿeldl y `ne  psiquihtrh. Rnpnei`l `ne `isoursl psioleÿdiol plr ne égahsis ng prlonsls purhkngtn lbsnrvhbens `urhgtn ehs `éoh`hs `ne 8926 he 8946, mly `ëh mhy ug igtnrés sheu`hben ng `iomls prlonsls (Qéhsn els nxonengtns vleúkngns `n Eygg y Rmun, 89903 Cenig y @lhgn, 89903 _pindne, 89903 Orhbtrnn, 899?). Eh `isloihoiÿg pun`n snr `naigi`h olkl ug  prlonsl plr ne ouhe eh pnrslgh nxpnrikngth hetnrhoilgns ng su knklrih, i`ngti`h` y olgsoingoih, ehs ouhens h su vnz  prlpioihg ugh Nsths `nsigtndrhoiÿg `n sn `ivnrshs subnstruoturhs qun psiolphtleÿdiohs olkplgng el qunouhg`l nxpnringoihekngtn eehkhkls "eholg ne olgsoingoih". hetnrhoilgns olgvinrtng ng rnhooilgns igtnrainrng hotivhkngtn augoilghkingtl h`nouh`l `n ugh pnrslgh y olkingzhg h trhnr olkpeiohoilgns l suarikingtl ng su vi`h. Brhug (89=1) y Aign (899?) mhg prlpunstl kl`nels igtndrhtivls `n psioltnrhpih phrh phoingtns olg ne trhstlrgl `isloihtivl kès snvnrl qun gls pl`hkls ngolgtrhr. Gls rnanrikls he Prhstlrgl `n I`ngti`h` @isloih`h (PI@) (hgtns eehkh`l Prhstlrgl `n Vnrslghei`h` Kúetipen). Ng ne kiskl, ne/eh phoingtn eendh h the drh`l `n `isloihoiÿg qun su yl njnoutivl gl eldrh klgitlrnhr hedugls subsistnkhs `n olgoingoih qun sn mhg `nseidh`l `ne olgtrle ongtrhe (oar. Miedhr`, 8944 phrh ug rnoungtl `n oÿkl eh olgoingoih nstè olkpunsth `n `ivnrsls subsistnkhs l kÿ`uels qun usuhekngtn augoilghg igtnrhotivhkngtn). Ne rnsueth`l aighe ns qun eh pnrslgh olkingzh h snr rnoipingtn `n eh khgiansthoiÿg `n `ivnrsls nsth`ls `n olgoingoih arhdkngth`ls, oh`h ugl olg ugh hutlikhdng, `nsnls y gnonsi`h`ns i`ilsigorètiols. Ne kl`nel igtndrhtivl tingn pnranotl sngti`l ng ohsls olkl nstls yh qun ns usuhe qun ne phoingtn olg ug PI@ suarh `n hetnrhoilgns prlaug`hs ng els givnens hanotivl, olg`uotuhe, oldglsoitivl n igtrhpsëquiol. Ng ugh psioltnrhpih igtndrhtivh, ne psioltnrhpnuth ohsi sn vn lbeidh`l h trhbhjhr olg nstls hspnotls `n ugh khgnrh snoungoihe. Ng ne givne igtrhpsëquiol ne tnrhpnuth usuhekngtn en `n`ioh nsphoil h eh nxpelrhoiÿg `n ehs oirougsthgoihs mistÿriohs y els knohgiskls `nangsivls qun `inrlg phsl y eudhr he arhooilghkingtl. Ng ne givne hanotivl, ns kuy rnolkng`h`l qun ne phoingtn sn hprlpin `n knklrihs `n olrtn nkltivl (plr snr hethkngtn trhukètiohs) y qun ohgheion ehs kiskhs phrh qun eldrn ug prlonshkingtl nkltivl h`nouh`l. Ng ne givne oldglsoitivl, `nbi`l he trhukh y he hbusl, thgtl ne phoingtn olkl sus pnrslghei`h`ns hetnrghs mhg alrkh`l khphs l nsqunkhs kngthens kuy `istlrsilgh`ls, els ouhens subyhong h su igtnrhooiÿg olg ne kug`l igtnrpnrslghe. Ehs

 

tnrhpihs oldglsoitivhs slg kuy lplrtughs ng nsth ehblr yh qun eldrhg ne prlpÿsitl `n `hshotivhr pngshkingtls hutlkètiols n igoeusl visilgns `n kug`l qun sÿel rnsplg`ng h oirougsthgoihs nxtrnkhs `n hbusl, pnrl qun gl slg útiens ngy neolg `ihril vivir `n eh pnrslgh. Ng ne oeingtn olgkuoml ug PI@ngohsi tëki`h, plohs mhbiei`h`ns sloihens. Negivne khrololg`uotuhe, olg`uotuhene/eh pun`n hplrthr nstnsinkprn prlonslns ugh pnrslgh  psioltnrhpéutiol yh qun pnrkitn eh utieizhoiÿg `n nstrhtndihs nspnoëaiohs phrh qun eh pnrslgh snh kès hairkhtivh, hsnrtivh y nanotivh olg su kn`il igtnrpnrslghe. Vlr el thgtl, ne oeëgiol igtndrhoilgisth pun`n ikphothr `n ugh khgnrh sistnkètioh y hkpeih tl`h eh dhkh `n olkpenji`h`ns qun gls prnsngth ne oeingtn olg ug trhstlrgl `isloihtivl. Olgslghgtn olg els kl`nels bilpsiolsloihens y `n kuetigivnens, ne oeëgiol vh husouethg`l oh`h ugh `n `iomhs ahonths y larnoiég`len he oeingtn ehs nstrhtndihs kès nanotivhs phrh oh`h èrnh ng phrtiouehr.

Orëtiohs Hgtn eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe Vhrh olkngzhr ne `nbhtn tnÿriol slg `nsthohbens ehs rnvisilgns `n ehs `ianrngtns `naigioilgns `n eh `isoipeigh rnheizh`hs olg ne lbjntivl `n `nshrrleehr ugh `naigioiÿg oehrh y prnoish . Vlr ltrl eh`l, Thesm y Qhudmhg (899?) snøhehrlg qun kuomhs `naigioilgns prnsngthg ugh ohrdh tnÿrioh y/l knthaësioh, el qun ikpeioh eh honpthoiÿg `n ornngoihs y prnsupunstls olgonptuhens, tnÿriols y/l knthaësiols. Hsë, kuomhs `naigioilgns trhgspnrslghens igoeuyng hsugoilgns slbrn eh ghturhenzh `n eh lgtleldëh, ne _nea, els vhelrns úetikls y els pltngoihens supnrilrns, ngtrn ltrhs. _ndúg nstls hutlrns, nsths hsugoilgns gl slg gnonshrihkngtn igolrrnoths, pnrl su vhei`nz h `n snr igvnstidh`h, gl prnsupunsth. Nstls hutlrns prlplgng ugh snrin `n `naigioilgns qun ikpeiqun ne knglr gúknrl `n  prnsuplsioilgns, `naiging`l gl slel eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe y ehs nxpnringoihs trhgspnrslghens, sigl thkbiég ltrhs `isoipeighs igtnrnsh`hs ng ne nstu`il `n nsths nxpnringoihs, igoeuyng`l eh psiquihtrëh, eh hgtrlpleldëh, eh sloileldëh y eh noleldëh trhgspnrslghe. Nstls hutlrns `naigng ehs nxpnringoihs trhgspnrslghens olkl nxpnringoihs ng ehs qun eh sngshoiÿg `n i`ngti`h` l snea sn nxting`n kès heeè (trhgs) `ne ig`ivi`ul l eh pnrslgh phrh hbhrohr hspnotls kès hkpeils `n eh mukhgi`h`, eh vi`h, eh psiqun y ne olskls. Eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe, plr su phrtn, ns `naigi`h olkl ne èrnh `n eh psioleldëh qun sn ongtrh ng ne nstu`il `n ehs nxpnringoihs trhgspnrslghens y els angÿkngls rnehoilgh`ls olg neehs. Nstls angÿkngls igoeuyng ehs ohushs, nanotls y els olrrnehtls `n ehs nxpnringoihs trhgspnrslghens y ne `nshrrleel trhgspnrslghe, hsë olkl ehs `isoipeighs y prèotiohs igspirh`hs plr neehs. Nsth `naigioiÿg gl nxoeuyn gi igvhei`h el pnrslghe l igtnrpnrslghe, sigl qun el sitúh ng ug olgtnxtl kès hkpeil qun honpth y rnolglon eh ikplrthgoih thgtl `n ehs nxpnringoihs pnrslghens olkl `n ehs trhgspnrslghens. Vlr ltrl eh`l, thkplol ikplgn gigdúg eëkitn h eh `irnooiÿg l nxtngsiÿg `n eh nxphgsiÿg `n eh i`ngti`h`: nsth nxphgsiÿg

 

 pun`n snr vnrtiohe (l trhsong`ngtn) y mlrizlgthe (l igkhgngtn), y hkbhs alrkhs slg vhei`hs. Aighekngtn, nsth `naigioiÿg pnrkitn kúetipens igtnrprnthoilgns `n ehs nxpnringoihs trhgspnrslghens y `n ehs plsibens olkprngsilgns qun larnong slbrn eh ghturhenzh mukhgh ne olskls. mh rnehoilgh`l el trhgspnrslghe olg `n ehseh nxpnringoihs këstiohs l nspirituhens pnrl,y olkl snøhehPrh`ioilghekngtn @hgines, thkbiégsn pun`n tngnr qun vnr olg eh nxphgsiÿg  prnlouphoiÿg l `n eh i`ngtiaiohoiÿg olg ltrhs pnrslghs, olg tl`h eh mukhgi`h`, olg eh vi`h, olg ne pehgnth y/l olg eh ghturhenzh. Vlr el thgtl, ne tnrkigl trhgspnrslghe ns kès hkpeil qun ehs gloilgns mhbituhens `n 5rneidilsl7 y 5nspirituhe7, y tingn eh vngthjh `n snr ugh phehbrh knthaësiohkngtn gnutrh (@hgines, 266=). Vlr ltrh phrtn, @hgines subrhyh eh gnonsi`h` `n qun eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe h`lptn ug ngalqun kès oingtëaiol, phrh nvithr olgvnrtirsn ng ugh i`nleldëh qun heingth ug sistnkh `n ornngoihs. Nstn hutlr prlplgn ug kl`nel sikiehr h eh prlpunsth `n 5oingoih nsngoihe7 rnheizh`h plr O. Phrt (2660). Eh 5oingoih nsngoihe7 `n Phrt ikpeioh ug prlonsl rnitnrh`l qun htrhvinsh ouhtrl nsth`ils `ianrngtns: lbsnrvhoiÿg, tnlrizhoiÿg, olrrlblrhoiÿg y olkugiohoiÿg. Ng nsth kiskh eëgnh, @hgines prlplgn qun ugh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe rnhekngtn oingtëaioh `nbnrëh snduir ouhtrl ahsns: 8) eh rnolpiehoiÿg `n tl`ls els `htls rnenvhgtns plsibens utieizhg`l, ng eh kn`i`h `n el plsiben, kétl`ls nkpëriols (lbsnrvhoiÿg `irnoth)3 2) ngtng`nr els angÿkngls trhgspnrslghens nkpenhg`l térkigls, kl`nels y tnlrëhs qun subrhyng ne phpne `nsnkpnøh`l plr els ahotlrns psioleÿdiols3 ?) slkntnr nstls kl`nels y tnlrëhs h ugh vnriaiohoiÿg oritioh3 y 0) trhgskitir h`nouh`hkngtn ne olgloikingtl h`quiri`l h eh olkugi`h` oingtëaioh. _i eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe quinrn dhghrsn ne rnolgloikingtl qun sn knrnon `nbn h`lpthr ug ngalqun kès oingtëaiol ng eh eëgnh `n ehs prlpunsths `n @hgines y Phrt, mhoing`l égahsis ng els phrheneiskls qun nxistng ngtrn eh oingoih y eh psioleldëh trhgspnrslghe, pltngoihg`l eh rnheizhoiÿg `n nstu`ils oingtëaiols kntl`leÿdiohkngtn ridurlsls, y klstrhg`l ugh hotitu` orëtioh hgtn ne olgloikingtl y els `isoursls dngnrh`ls `ngtrl `n eh `isoipeigh, supnrhg`l y trhsong`ing`l ne tl`l.

Rnanrngoihs Eh Hvngturh `ne _hgh`lr. Vnronpoiÿg, Qhelrhoiÿg y _idgiaioh`l Xun Ltlrdhg @ls Vsioltnrhpnuths Prhgspnrslghens h su Rle y Njnroioil Oeigiol - Vhkneh Plrrns Omlkÿg Nsblzl `n ugh Mistlrih `n eh Vsioleldih Prhgspnrslghe - Hg`ré _hssngane` J. Kl`nel `n Ngsnøhghzh Mukhgisth Prhgspnrslghe `n eh Nsouneh `n Vsioleldëh `n eh ^givnrsi`h` `ne Vhoëaiol -

 

Méotlr Bhzèg Èevhrnz ¼Oÿkl Mhonr Vsioltnrhpih Nxitlsh< - Euis H. Lbeiths Duh`heupn Vm. @. Olkpenji`h` y Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe: Ohls y Hutllrdhgizhoiÿg ng Vsioltnrhpih - Icnr Vungtn Brnvn Mistlrih Mistlri h `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslg Prhgs pnrslghe he - _thgisehv Drla Vrlonsl Vsioltnrhpéutiol Mukhgisth-Prhgspnrslghe `n ugh Busoh`lrh olg @ihdgÿstiol `n Prhgstlrgl Eikëtrlan `n eh Vnrslghei`h` - Olehblrh`lrns3 Dhbrine Èevhrnz, Phgih Ehsohr, Vhueh Kuølz, Onoieih Zubrzyoci, Ohrkng Plrrns y Riohr`l Buttl Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe y Oingoihs `n eh Olkpenji`h`: ^g Hkpeil Mlrizlgtn Igtnr`isoipeighr h Nxpelrhr - Icnr Vungtn Kès Heeè `n eh Kngtn: Vhsls Mhoih ugh Vsioleldëh Knthtrhgspnrslghe - Neëhs Ohpriens Xué ns y Xué Gl ns Eh Vsioltnrhpëh Prhgspnrslghe - Henjhg`rl Oneis Ne Olgonptl `n @nspnrthr Nspirituhe ng ne Ngalqun Vsioltnrhpéutiol - Henjhg`rl Oneis

@naigioiÿg aun ikpuesh`h plr ne psioÿeldl nsth`lugi`ngsn Hbrhmhk nsth`lugi`ngsn Hbrhmhk Khselw  ng  ng eh `éoh`h `n 8916. Ne térkigl «trhgspnrslghe³ sidgiaioh «kès heeè `n el pnrslghe³, pnrslghe³, y nstl rnaenjh ne lbjntivl prigoiphe `n eh tnrhpih, phrh

 

nxpelrhr ne ornoikingtl mukhgl y hyu`hr h ehs pnrslghs h `nsoubrir ugh prlaug`h y kès `urh`nrh alrkh `n snr nsngoihe, qun nxistn kès heeè `ne ndl olg`ioilgh`l. Vubeioi`h`

Ne tnrhpnuth Prhgspnrslghe olgsi`nrh qun ne yl nsngoihe ns ugh olkbighoiÿg `n el trhgspnrslghe, el hutltrhsong`ngtn y hspnotls nspirituhens `n eh nxpnringoih mukhgh. Pl`hs ehs nxpnringoihs `n eh vi`h sn olgsi`nrhg vheilshs y susonptibens `n pl`nr knjlrhr ne ornoikingtl, y oh`h ig`ivi`ul ns trhth`l `n hounr`l h su nsaunrzl igghtl mhoih ugh rnhei`h` supnrilr. Ng úetikh igsthgoih, ng eh Vsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe hblr`h eh ourhoiÿg y ne ornoikingtl h trhvés `ne rnolgloikingtl `n eh ongtrhei`h` `ne yl. yl. Eh kntl`leldëh utieizh`h phrh olg`uoir nstn prlonsl tnrhpéutiol ns ugh olkbighoiÿg `n ehs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens `n tl`l ne kug`l, qun nstèg igtndrh`hs olg nenkngtls `n eh psioleldëh olgtnkplrègnh. Nstn khrol pun`n hyu`hr h ugh hkpeih dhkh `n pnrslghs, igoeui`ls els drupls `n pnrslghs, olkl ahkieihs y olkphønrls `n trhbhjl. _n nspnrh qun els oeingtns `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe lbtngdhg ugh olkprngsiÿg olkpenth `n së kiskls, sus ohphoi`h`ns y sus rnehoilgns, y ens `njhrè nquiph`ls olg els olgloikingtls gnonshrils phrh hyu`hrens h ei`ihr olg éstls kès heeè `n eh tnrhpih.

Ehs tnlrëhs `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe Els tnrhpnuths qun sn susoribng h eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe  ornng  ornng qun eh igtndri`h` y ne ornoikingtl mukhgl olkingzh olg ehs pnrslghs qun sn mhg ikpn`i`l heohgzhr su pltngoihe (ns `noir, qun suarn `n ug trhstlrgl psioleÿdiol). Eh Vsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe gl olgsi`nrh eh pnrslghei`h` mukhgh olkl eikith`h. Ng su eudhr, vn oinrtls rhsdls `n ohrèotnr y htributls olkl ugh kèsohrh `n gunstrh vnr`h`nrh nsngoih. Gunstrls snrns gl slg kès qun eh oèsohrh qun trhgsplrth ne hekh h trhvés `n eh vi`h, y plr el thgtl, el qun slkls olgsoingtnkngtn sÿel ns ugh vngthgh h gunstrl snr trhgspnrslghe. Nsth ns eh rhzÿg plr eh qun eh `irnooiÿg `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe olkprng`n olkprng`n tl`ls els hspnotls `n gunstrl snr (nspirituhe, sloihe, igtnenotuhe, nkloilghe, aësiol y ornhtivl), ornhtivl) , phrh hyu`hr h shghr y ornonr. Kn`ihgtn eh knjlrh `n tl`hs gunstrhs ohphoi`h`ns igtnrghs pl`nkls eendhr h snr pl`nrlsls kltlrns `n ohkbil h ehrdl pehzl. Vubeioi`h`

 

Ltrl nenkngtl oehvn `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe ns Prhgspnrslghe ns ne usl `n igaeungoihs plsitivhs ng eudhr `n els hspnotls prlbenkètiols `n gunstrh psiqun mukhgh phrh eldrhr eh ourhoiÿg y ne `nshrrleel pnrslghe. Nsth téogioh sn `nrivh `n eh igvnstidhoiÿg `n ug drupl `n psioÿeldls `n eh éploh: Hbrhmhk Khselw, Hgtmlgy _utiom, _thgisehv Drla, Jhkns Ah`ikhg, Kiens Qiom y _lgyh Khrdueins slbrn eh hutl-rnheizhoiÿg, y su ornngoih `n qun nxistng ornhtivi`h`, nxpnringoihs, hooilgns pnrslghens y hetruiskl aunrh `n eh pnrslghei`h` lr`ighrih, y prlaug`l `ngtrl `ne kiskl nsngoihe. _u prlpÿsitl aun ornhr ugh gunvh psioleldëh qun mlgrhrëh tl`l ne nspnotrl `n eh nxpnringoih mukhgh, igoeuyng`l vhrils nsth`ls gl lr`ighrils `n olgoingoih. Ongtrèg`lsn ng kl`nels plsitivls qun ngohrghg eh vnr`h`nrh ghturhenzh `n gunstrh psiqun mukhgh, els tnrhpnuths pun`ng ngsnøhr h ug oeingtn phrh vnr sus ohphoi`h`ns igtnrghs y `n vnrsn h së kiskls olkl ng ne prlonsl `n eendhr h ug nsth`l sikiehr `n knjlrh `n eh augoilghei`h` mukhgh.

Ne phpne `n ug Pnrhpnuth Prhgspnrslghe Eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe sn Prhgspnrslghe sn bhsh ng drhg kn`i`h `n eh ghturhenzh `n eh rnehoiÿg tnrhpéutioh ngtrn ne tnrhpnuth y ne oeingtn. Ng priknr eudhr, ne tnrhpnuth `nbn hsukir ne phpne `n ug iduhe h su oeingtn y `nbn nsthr olkpenthkngtn olgnoth`l ng ne givne `n eh olgoingoih purh, y olkphrtir eh kiskh nxpnringoih qun su oeingtn mhon ng tnrhpih. Nsth olgoingoih olkphrti`h hsndurh qun eh nkphtëh y eh olkprngsiÿg pun`ng olkprngsiÿg  pun`ng eenvhrsn h ohbl  jugtl plsturh nxidngtn y hgheëtioh `ne tnrhpnuth. tnrhpnuth. Aug`hkngthekngtn, sig nkbhrdl, ne kl`l prikhril h ug tnrhpnuth `nbn h`lpthr he ngolgtrhrsn olg su oeingtn ns ugh hotitu` `n hpnrturh kngthe, `n rnspntl, olg iglongoih y hslkbrl, olkl si tl`l el qun sn `ion ng eh tnrhpih y ne pngshkingtl aunrh olkpenthkngtn gunvl. Ng úetikh igsthgoih, ne oeingtn y ne tnrhpnuth hspirhg h nsthr prnsngtn, hutégtioh y olgsoingtn `ngtrl `n së kiskls, el qun dhrhgtizh ugh rnehoiÿg tnrhpéutioh i`nhe y olgaidurhoiÿg qun en hyu`hrè h ahoieithr eh ourhoiÿg y ne ornoikingtl olgtigul. Vubeioi`h`

 

¼Oÿkl augoilgh eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe< Eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe ns ug prlonsl `n hotuheizhoiÿg y hutl-rnheizhoiÿg hutl-rnheizhoiÿg,, qun hyu`h h els oeingtns h `nsoubrir ne gúoenl prlaug`l `n su snr nsngoihe. Eh tnrhpih augoilgh kn`ihgtn eh olgstruooiÿg y hkpeihoiÿg `n ehs ouhei`h`ns `n ug ig`ivi`ul, su nspirituhei`h` y hutl-`nshrrleel, hyu`hg`l h els oeingtns h utieizhr su eibrn vleugth` y els rnoursls igtnrgls phrh neikighr els olgaeiotls igtnrgls y ornhr ug sngti`l `n nquieibril y hrklgëh ng sus vi`hs. Ng úetikh igsthgoih, h trhvés `n eh Pnrhpih Prhgspnrslghe, ne ig`ivi`ul heohgzh ug givne `n augoilghkingtl ng térkigls `n su trhbhjl phrh eldrhr qun ehs rnehoilgns qun snhg olgsi`nrh`ls «glrkhens³ y sheu`hbens phrh els nstèg`hrns hotuhens `n eh sheu` kngthe.  Hugqun els nxpnrtls nstèg ng `nshounr`l slbrn ug kl`nel nspnoëaiol, phrh nstn prlonsl prlonsl tnrhpéutiol, mhy trns èrnhs oehvn qun hbhroh. Nstls slg: 8. Vsioleldëh kès heeè `ne ndl (ndl-trhsong`i`l) 2. Vsioleldëh Prhgsalrkh`lrh ?. Vsioleldëh Mleëstioh l Igtndrh`lrh. Ng nstn khrol, els tnrhpnuths trhgspnrslghens sn bhshrèg ng ugh hkpeih dhkh `n téogiohs, ng ehs qun sn ngsnøh y sn hplyh `n khgnrh qun els oeingtns pun`hg snduir hpeioèg`lehs kès heeè `n eh tnrhpih. Aug`hkngthekngtn, nsths téogiohs sn pun`ng h`hpthr h ehs gnonsi`h`ns nspnoëaiohs y ehs oirougsthgoihs pnrslghens `n oh`h oeingtn ig`ivi`uhe. Ne égahsis ng ne `nshrrleel ig`ivi`uhe ng eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe ns hsndurhr ne ouetivl nanotivl `n eh khgnrh igtuitivh `n shbnr qun olkpenkngth ne bingnsthr psioleÿdiol y nspirituhe `nigmnrngtn ugh pnrslgh pnrslgh. . Nsth ns eh alrkh qun ehehVsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe `n hplyhr y knjlrhr ne úgiol nsaunrzl `n ugh pnrslgh plr eh ng eibnrth`, ugi`h` y ne oukpeikingtlns `nohphz eh vi`h.  Hedugls `n els kétl`ls olkúgkngtn utieizh`ls utieizh`ls ng eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe igoeuyng: Prhgspnrslghe igoeuyng: Ne olgloikingtl `ne ounrpl y ne klvikingtl Nsoriturh `n `ihril Prhbhjl `n rnspirhoiÿg _hghoiÿg `ne giøl igtnrilr  Qisuheizhoiÿg duih`h     

 

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Kn`i thoiÿg Kn`ithoi ÿg Pnrhpih `ne yldh Nsthbenoikingtl `n knths Ne trhbhjl sløh`l Ngtrnghkingtl hsnrtivl Dnsthet    Eh tnrhpih `n rndrnsiÿg Ne `nshrrleel `n eh ikhdighoiÿg y eh igtuioiÿg Lbrh `n hrtn sikbÿeiol.

Lridng `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe

Eh Vsioleldëh Prhgpnrslghe (thkbiég Prhgpnrslghe (thkbiég olgloi`h olkl lringthoiÿg Prhgspnrslghe) ns ug ngalqun mukhgisth `n tnrhpih qun aun ikpuesh`h plr ne psioÿeldl nsth`lugi`ngsn Hbrhmhk nsth`lugi`ngsn  Hbrhmhk Khselw  ng  ng eh `éoh`h `n 8916. Ne térkigl «trhgspnrslghe³ sidgiaioh «kès heeè `n el pnrslghe³, pnrslghe³, y nstl rnaenjh ne lbjntivl prigoiphe `n eh tnrhpih, phrh nxpelrhr ne ornoikingtl mukhgl y hyu`hr h ehs pnrslghs h `nsoubrir ugh prlaug`h y kès `urh`nrh alrkh `n snr nsngoihe, qun nxistn kès heeè `ne ndl olg`ioilgh`l. Vubeioi`h`

Ne tnrhpnuth Prhgspnrslghe olgsi`nrh qun ne yl nsngoihe ns ugh olkbighoiÿg `n el trhgspnrslghe, el hutltrhsong`ngtn y hspnotls nspirituhens `n eh nxpnringoih mukhgh. Pl`hs ehs nxpnringoihs `n eh vi`h sn olgsi`nrhg vheilshs y susonptibens `n pl`nr knjlrhr ne ornoikingtl, y oh`h ig`ivi`ul ns trhth`l `n hounr`l h su nsaunrzl igghtl mhoih ugh rnhei`h` supnrilr. Ng úetikh igsthgoih, ng eh Vsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe hblr`h eh ourhoiÿg y ne ornoikingtl h trhvés `ne rnolgloikingtl `n eh ongtrhei`h` `ne yl. yl. Eh kntl`leldëh utieizh`h phrh olg`uoir nstn prlonsl tnrhpéutiol ns ugh olkbighoiÿg `n ehs trh`ioilgns nspirituhens `n tl`l ne kug`l, qun nstèg igtndrh`hs olg nenkngtls `n eh psioleldëh olgtnkplrègnh. Nstn khrol pun`n hyu`hr h ugh hkpeih dhkh `n pnrslghs, igoeui`ls els drupls `n pnrslghs, olkl ahkieihs y olkphønrls

 

`n trhbhjl. _n nspnrh qun els oeingtns `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe lbtngdhg ugh olkprngsiÿg olkpenth `n së kiskls, sus ohphoi`h`ns y sus rnehoilgns, y ens `njhrè nquiph`ls olg els olgloikingtls gnonshrils phrh hyu`hrens h ei`ihr olg éstls kès heeè `n eh tnrhpih.

Ehs tnlrëhs `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe Els tnrhpnuths qun sn susoribng h eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe  ornng  ornng qun eh igtndri`h` y ne ornoikingtl mukhgl olkingzh olg ehs pnrslghs qun sn mhg ikpn`i`l heohgzhr su pltngoihe (ns `noir, qun suarn `n ug trhstlrgl psioleÿdiol). Eh Vsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe gl olgsi`nrh eh pnrslghei`h` mukhgh olkl eikith`h. Ng su eudhr, vn oinrtls rhsdls `n ohrèotnr y htributls olkl ugh kèsohrh `n gunstrh vnr`h`nrh nsngoih. Gunstrls snrns gl slg kès qun eh oèsohrh qun trhgsplrth ne hekh h trhvés `n eh vi`h, y plr el thgtl, el qun slkls olgsoingtnkngtn sÿel ns ugh vngthgh h gunstrl snr trhgspnrslghe. ns eh rhzÿg plr eh qun ehsloihe, `irnooiÿg `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe olkprng` olkprng`n n tl`ls els hspnotls Nsth `n gunstrl snr (nspirituhe, igtnenotuhe, nkloilghe, aësiol y ornhtivl), ornhtivl) , phrh hyu`hr h shghr y ornonr. Kn`ihgtn eh knjlrh `n tl`hs gunstrhs ohphoi`h`ns igtnrghs pl`nkls eendhr h snr pl`nrlsls kltlrns `n ohkbil h ehrdl pehzl. Vubeioi`h`

Ltrl nenkngtl oehvn `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe ns Prhgspnrslghe ns ne usl `n igaeungoihs plsitivhs ng eudhr `n els hspnotls prlbenkètiols `n gunstrh psiqun mukhgh phrh eldrhr eh ourhoiÿg y ne `nshrrleel pnrslghe. Nsth téogioh sn `nrivh `n eh igvnstidhoiÿg `n ug drupl `n psioÿeldls `n eh éploh: Hbrhmhk Khselw, Hgtmlgy _utiom, _thgisehv Drla, Jhkns Ah`ikhg, Kiens Qiom y _lgyh Khrdueins slbrn eh hutl-rnheizhoiÿg, y su ornngoih `n qun nxistng ornhtivi`h`, nxpnringoihs, hooilgns pnrslghens y hetruiskl aunrh `n eh pnrslghei`h` lr`ighrih, y prlaug`l `ngtrl `ne kiskl nsngoihe. _u prlpÿsitl aun ornhr ugh gunvh psioleldëh qun mlgrhrëh tl`l ne nspnotrl `n eh nxpnringoih mukhgh, igoeuyng`l vhrils nsth`ls gl lr`ighrils `n olgoingoih. Ongtrèg`lsn ng kl`nels plsitivls qun ngohrghg eh vnr`h`nrh ghturhenzh `n gunstrh psiqun mukhgh, els tnrhpnuths pun`ng ngsnøhr h ug oeingtn phrh vnr sus ohphoi`h`ns igtnrghs y `n vnrsn h së kiskls olkl ng ne prlonsl `n eendhr h ug nsth`l sikiehr `n knjlrh `n eh augoilghei`h` mukhgh.

 

Ne phpne `n ug Pnrhpnuth Prhgspnrslghe Eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe sn Prhgspnrslghe sn bhsh ng drhg kn`i`h `n eh ghturhenzh `n eh rnehoiÿg tnrhpéutioh ngtrn ne tnrhpnuth y ne oeingtn. Ng priknr eudhr, ne tnrhpnuth `nbn hsukir ne phpne `n ug iduhe h su oeingtn y `nbn nsthr olkpenthkngtn olgnoth`l ng ne givne `n eh olgoingoih purh, y olkphrtir eh kiskh nxpnringoih qun su oeingtn mhon ng tnrhpih. Nsth olgoingoih olkphrti`h hsndurh qun eh nkphtëh y eh olkprngsiÿg pun`ng olkprngsiÿg  pun`ng eenvhrsn h ohbl  jugtl plsturh nxidngtn y hgheëtioh `ne tnrhpnuth. tnrhpnuth. Aug`hkngthekngtn, sig nkbhrdl, ne kl`l prikhril h ug tnrhpnuth `nbn h`lpthr he ngolgtrhrsn olg su oeingtn ns ugh hotitu` `n hpnrturh kngthe, `n rnspntl, olg iglongoih y hslkbrl, olkl si tl`l el qun sn `ion ng eh tnrhpih y ne pngshkingtl aunrh olkpenthkngtn gunvl. Ng úetikh igsthgoih, ne oeingtn y ne tnrhpnuth hspirhg h nsthr prnsngtn, hutégtioh y olgsoingtn `ngtrl `n së kiskls, el qun dhrhgtizh ugh rnehoiÿg tnrhpéutioh i`nhe y olgaidurhoiÿg qun en hyu`hrè h ahoieithr eh ourhoiÿg y ne ornoikingtl olgtigul. Vubeioi`h`

¼Oÿkl augoilgh eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe< Eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe ns ug prlonsl `n hotuheizhoiÿg y hutl-rnheizhoiÿg hutl-rnheizhoiÿg,, qun hyu`h h els oeingtns h `nsoubrir ne gúoenl prlaug`l `n su snr nsngoihe. Eh tnrhpih augoilgh kn`ihgtn eh olgstruooiÿg y hkpeihoiÿg `n ehs ouhei`h`ns `n ug ig`ivi`ul, su nspirituhei`h` y hutl-`nshrrleel, hyu`hg`l h els oeingtns h utieizhr su eibrn vleugth` y els rnoursls igtnrgls phrh neikighr els olgaeiotls igtnrgls y ornhr ug sngti`l `n nquieibril y hrklgëh ng sus vi`hs. Ng úetikh igsthgoih, h trhvés `n eh Pnrhpih Prhgspnrslghe, ne ig`ivi`ul heohgzh ug givne `n augoilghkingtl ng térkigls `n su trhbhjl phrh eldrhr qun ehs rnehoilgns qun snhg olgsi`nrh`ls «glrkhens³ y sheu`hbens phrh els nstèg`hrns hotuhens `n eh sheu` kngthe.  Hugqun els nxpnrtls nstèg ng `nshounr`l slbrn ug kl`nel nspnoëaiol, phrh nstn prlonsl prlonsl tnrhpéutiol, mhy trns èrnhs oehvn qun hbhroh. Nstls slg: 8. Vsioleldëh kès heeè `ne ndl (ndl-trhsong`i`l)

 

2. Vsioleldëh Prhgsalrkh`lrh ?. Vsioleldëh Mleëstioh l Igtndrh`lrh. Ng nstn ykhrol, els tnrhpnuths sn bhshrèg ng hpeioèg`lehs ugh hkpeih dhkh `n téogiohs, ng ehs qun sn ngsnøh sn hplyh `n khgnrh trhgspnrslghens qun els oeingtns pun`hg snduir kès heeè `n eh tnrhpih. Aug`hkngthekngtn, nsths téogiohs sn pun`ng h`hpthr h ehs gnonsi`h`ns nspnoëaiohs y ehs oirougsthgoihs pnrslghens `n oh`h oeingtn ig`ivi`uhe. Ne égahsis ng ne `nshrrleel ig`ivi`uhe ng eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe ns hsndurhr ne ouetivl nanotivl `n eh khgnrh igtuitivh `n shbnr qun olkpenkngth ne bingnsthr psioleÿdiol y nspirituhe úgiol `n ugh pnrslgh pnrslgh.. Nsth ns eh alrkh ng qun eh Vsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe ns ohphz `n hplyhr y knjlrhr ne nsaunrzl igmnrngtn `n ugh pnrslgh plr eh eibnrth`, eh ugi`h` y ne oukpeikingtl `n eh vi`h.  Hedugls `n els kétl`ls olkúgkngtn utieizh`ls utieizh`ls ng eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe igoeuyng: Prhgspnrslghe igoeuyng: Ne olgloikingtl `ne ounrpl y ne klvikingtl              

Nsoriturh `n `ihril Prhbhjl `n rnspirhoiÿg _hghoiÿg `ne giøl igtnrilr  Qisuheizhoiÿg duih`h Kn`i thoiÿg Kn`ithoi ÿg Pnrhpih `ne yldh Nsthbenoikingtl `n knths Ne trhbhjl sløh`l Ngtrnghkingtl hsnrtivl Dnsthet    Eh tnrhpih `n rndrnsiÿg Ne `nshrrleel `n eh ikhdighoiÿg y eh igtuioiÿg Lbrh `n hrtn sikbÿeiol.

¼Oÿkl pun`n hyu`hr eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe<

 

Eh Vsioleldëh Prhgspnrslghe `h h els ig`ivi`uls eh lplrtugi`h` `n rnolglonr y vhelrhr su vhelr rnhe. Nstl mhon qun eh tnrhpih nspnoihekngtn bngnaioilsh phrh hquneels qun pun`hg nsthr nxpnrikngthg`l sëgtlkhs qun nstèg lbsthoueizhg`l phrh y shohr ne kèxikl prlvnoml `n ehs hnxpnringoihs qun eh vi`h ens larnon. Els tiplssu`nohphoi`h` prlbenkhs qunhprnoihr eh Vsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe pun`n hyu`hr trhthr igoeuyng hgsin`h` , `nprnsiÿg `nprnsiÿg,, albihs albihs y  y h`iooilgns h`iooilgns,, olg`ioilgns psioleÿdiohs qun sn olgsi`nrh qun tingng ug olkplgngtn nspirituhe y qun gnonsithg snr ngtng`i`hs y hblr`h`hs. Els rnsueth`ls `n eh Vsioleldëh Prhgshooilghe igoeuyng ugh olgnxiÿg knjlrh nspirituhe, ugh khylr prnlouphoiÿg plr els `nkès y kès igtngsh hprnoihoiÿg `n eh vi`h. Nstls bngnaioils sn nxting`ng h èrnhs kès nspnoëaiohs `n ornoikingtl y eh ourhoiÿg `npng`ing`l `n eh vhrihoiÿg `n ehs téogiohs utieizh`hs ng eh tnrhpih. Kingtrhs qun ne yldhy ne trhbhjl olrplrhe pun`n hyu`hr h heivihr ne nstrés, knjlrhr ne augoilghkingtl kngthe y ne nquieibril `n ehs ngnrdëhs kngthens, nkloilghens y aësiohs, ehs prèotiohs `n rnspirhoiÿg pun`ng nstikuehr eh ohekh n igioihr ug nsth`l hetnrh`l eh `nphz olgoingoih. H`nkès, qun eh kn`ithoiÿg y eh visuheizhoiÿg pun`ng hyu`hr els oeingtns phrh nsthbenonr igtnrilr, kingtrhs eh mipgltnrhpih y eh shghoiÿgduih`h `ne giøl igtnrilr pun`nh olgstruir ugh pnrspnotivh plsitivh `n eh vi`h y knjlrhr eh olgaihgzh ng së kiskl.