Psicologia Del Desarrollo Actividad 4

 

Obtfrjb9 ^TJDKEKCÏB MFE MFTBQQKEEK J

Mkdfgtf9 Otrb. Cbarjfeb Ejejbgb Tbjgz ^êrfz

Bdtjvjmbm mf Bprfgmjzbif =. Dkgdeuyfgmk dkg eb jglbgdjb

Ofxjdbej, Abib Dbejlkrgjb b 6 mf Obrzk mf 1>11

QF] QF ]KT OÂTFGJO^K JO ^KQ] Q]BG BG] ]FT B EF]B^BT KT RV RVF FMFFEEBTJGLBGDJB FQ HVO HVOBGK BG K TF FGLQFG]B EBT MJLFQFG]FT (GJÒFY ]FO ]F O^QBG ^QBGB, B, GJ GJÒF ÒFY Y JG] JG]FQ FQOF OFMJ MJB B K ^Q ^QFF FFTD TDK KEBQ, EBQ, ]FQDF FQDFQB QB JGLBGDJB K F]B^B FTDKEBQ) Mfsbrrkeek lïsjdk fg eb prjofrb jglbgdjb. 

Ebs dbrfgdjbs gutrjdjkgbefs gutrjdjkgbefs fg eb prjofrb jglbgdjb dbusbg rftrbsk mfe drfdjojfgtk, drfdjojfgtk, quf blfdtb b dbsj ug dubrtk mf tkmks eks gjòks ofgkrfs mf 6 bòks.



Eks Eks rjf rjfsc scks ks bskdj bskdjbm bmks ks b eb pkarf pkarfzb zb dkok dkok eb mf mfsg sgutr utrjdj jdjôg ôg y fe sbgfb sbgfbojf ojfgtk gtk mfljdjfgtf pufmfg dbusbr rftrbsks fg fe mfsbrrkeek f jopfmjr fe prkcrfsk fsdkebr.

 



Eks oêtkmks mjsdjpejgbrjks vjkefgtks fstâg cfgfrbejzbmks fg guofrksks pbïsfs0 dbsj fe 3>% mf eks gjòks mf 1 b = bòks lufrkg rfprfgmjmks ofmjbgtf crjtks k dhjeejmks fg fe ùetjok ofs.



4>> ojeekgfs mf gjòks ofgkrfs mf 6 bòks hbg sulrjmk vjkefgdjb skdjbe.



Fe mfsbrrkeek mfljdjfgtf mfe gjòk fg eb prjofrb jglbgdjb pufmf bdbrrfbr pêrmjmbs fdkgôojdbs pbrb ug pbïs0 fg eb Jgmjb, fsb pêrmjmb fqujvbef bprkxjobmbofgtf be mkaef mfe prkmudtk jgtfrgk arutk mfstjgbmk b eb sbeum. (VGJDFL).

Mfsbrrkeek lïsjdk fg eb sfcugmb jglbgdjb9 

Eks gjòks sf vufevfg vufevfg oâs mfecbmk mfecbmks s y betks. betks. Ofikrbg Ofikrbg su hbajejm hbajejmbm bm pbrb dkrrf dkrrfr, r, sbetbr, arjgdbr, arjgdbr, jopuesbrsf. jopuesbr sf.



Dkok fg eb ebdtbgdjb y eb jglbgdjb, fe drfdjojfgtk y eb sbeum bprkpjbmbs mfpfgmf mf eb aufgb gutrjdjôg y mf ug sufòk bmfdubmk.



Eks flfdtks mf eb mfsgutrjdjôg skarf fe drfdjojfgtk sf pufmfg rfvfrtjr fg crbg ofmjmb dkg ugb ofikr mjftb.



^brb ^b rb eks 4bòk 4bòks s mf fmbm fmbm fstâg fstâg fg mfsbr mfsbrrke rkeek ek eks mj mjfg fgtfs tfs pf pfrob robgf gfgtf gtfs. s. Tjg Tjg foabrck, eks gjòks quf vjvfg fg sjtubdjôg mf mfsvfgtbib sjcufg tfgjfgmk oâs dbrjfs, dbrj fs, dkg lrfdufgd lrfdufgdjb jb fe mft mftfrjk frjkrk rk mfgtbe mfgtbe fg eb sfcugmb sfcugmb jglbgdjb jglbgdjb sf mfaf mfaf be dkgsuok fxdfsjvk mf efdhf y iucks fgmuezbmks murbgtf eb ebdtbgdjb. (eudjb,K.B. 1>22).

Mfsbrrkeek lïsjdk fg eb tfrdfrb jglbgdjb9 

Fe drfdjojfgtk sf mfsbdfefrb, ofikrbg ebs lkrtbefzbs y hbajejmbmfs bteêtjdbs.



Fe mfsbrrkeek lïsjdk fs efgtk pfrk dkgstbgtf, ofgkr drfdjojfgtk quf fg ebs ktrbs ftbpbs.



Ebs gjòbs drfdfg oâs quf eks gjòks, fg fe buofgtk mf pfsk sjcufg ug pbtrôg sjojebr buofgtbg mf 1 b 4 `c pkr bòk.



Eb obykrïb mf mjfgtfs bmuetks arktbg murbgtf eb tfrdfrb jglbgdjb.



Fe gjv gjvfe fe mf gutrj gutrjdjô djôg g quf quf eks jgmjv jgmjvjmu jmuks ks prfsf prfsfgtb gtbg g mu murbg rbgtf tf su sus s vjmbs vjmbs bl blfdt fdtb b sjcgjljdbtjvbofgtf oudhks bspfdtks mf su dkopkrtbojfgtk, eb aufgb gutrjdjôg

 

prkouf prk oufvf vf fe drf drfdjo djojfg jfgtk tk mf hufs hufsks ks lufrtf lufrtfs s y mjfgtf mjfgtfs s sb sbgk gks. s. \jgdu \jgdueâg eâgmk mksf sf tboajêg dkg fe mfsfopfòk dkcgksdjtjvk. (@joafrey, \.O. 1>2=).

Mfsbrrkeek psjdkoktkr fg eb prjofrb jglbgdjb9 

Fe rfdjêg gbdjmk mufrof eb obykr pbrtf mfe tjfopk, sj beck ef jgqujftb sf oufvf b fstks okvjojfgtks sf efs eebob rflefiks.



 B eks = ofsfs ofsfs cjrb su dbafzb fg ausdb ausdb mf becùg becùg kaiftk, kaiftk, pufmf tkobr tkobr kaiftks kaiftks sj fstâg b su bedbgdf y kasfrvbreks ljibofgtf.



 Be bòk eks gjòks bgmbg bpkyâgmksf bpkyâgmksf fg eks oufaefs u kaiftks quf fgdufgtrbg b su bedbgdf, skg dbpbdfs mf pkgfr ug duak fgdjob mfe ktrk.



 B eks 1 bòks dkrrfg sjg dbfrsf, sf bcbdhbg, bcbdhbg, pufmfg suajr ebs fsdbefrbs, pufmfg fxprfsbr sus fokdjkgfs abjebgmk, sbetbgmk k bpebumjfgmk.



 B eks 4 bòks pufmfg fopfzbr b pfmbefbr pfmbefbr ug trjdjdek, pufmf bgmbr fg pugtjeebs, tjfgf eb ejafrtbm mf utjejzbr eb obgk quf êe qujfrb. (MBGBF, 1>>3)

Mfsbrrkeek psjdkoktkr fg eb sfcugmb jglbgdjb9 

Fs dbpbz mf obgtfgfr arfvfofgtf su dufrpk skarf ug skek pjfs, pufmf trfpbr,  iucbr dkg fe dkeuopjk dkeuopjk y fe tkakcâg, tkakcâg, sf barkdhb eks aktkgfs aktkgfs y eks zbpbtks. zbpbtks.



Tbetb sjg mjljduetbm usbgmk eks mks pjfs, ofikrb fe dkgtrke mf utfgsjejks mf eb vjmb mjbrjb dkok dfpjeek mf mjfgtfs, eâpjz y dudhbrb, ofikr dkgkdjojfgtk y rfprfsfgtbdjôg mf su dufrpk y ofikrb eb jgtfgdjkgbejmbm mf sus okvjojfgtks.



Fmbm mf eb crbdjb (= b 6 bòks) hbdfrsf fe crbdjksk. (\frôgjdb, O, 1>24).

Mfsbrrkeek psjdkoktkr fg eb tfrdfrb jglbgdjb9 

Crbg Crbg okvje okvjejmb jmbm m y vb vbrjf rjfmb mbm m mf okvjo okvjojfg jfgtks tks qu quf f krjcjg krjcjgbrb brbg g mjljdu mjljduetb etbmf mfs9 s9 mfscbstf y lbtjcb y dkglejdtks pbrfgtbefs.



Tkg bcjefs y obgtjfgfg ajfg fe fqujejarjk.



Obykr jopkrtbgdjb mfe bprfgmjzbif skdjbe.



^rkcrfsk fg eb rbpjmfz mf rfbddjkgfs y okvjojfgtks y fg eb hbajejmbm y dkkrmjgbdjôg mfe okvjojfgtk. (\frôgjdb, O, 1>24).

 

Mfsbrrkeek dkcgjtjvk prjofrb jglbgdjb9 Fg fstb ftbpb, eks gjòks fopjfzbg b cbgbr eb dbpbdjmbm mf pkgfrsf fg fe eucbr mf eks mfoâs y pkr fstb rbzôg, skg dbpbdfs mf bdtubr y hbdfr iufcks mf rke. B pfsbr mf fstf dboajk, fe fckdfgtrjsok sjcuf mf becugb obgfrb prfsfgtf y pkr fstk, hby mjljduetbmfs b eb hkrb mf bddfmfr b pfgsbojfgtk k rflefxjkgfs oâs bastrbdtbs. Fg fstb ftbpb, fe gjòk bùg gk pufmf rfbejzbr kpfrbdjkgfs ofgtbefs dkopefibs, tbe dkok ek hbdf ug bmuetk, pkr  fsk, ^jbcft tboajêg hbaeb mf ek quf sf dkgkdf dkok ―pfgsbojfgtk oâcjdk‟ quf surcf mf bskdjbdjkgfs sjopefs y brajtrbrjbs quf fe gjòk hbdf dubgmk jgtfgtb fgtfgmfr dôok lugdjkgb fe ougmk. (Dbojeb, E. 1>2:).

Mfsbrrkeek dkcgjtjvk sfcugmb jglbgdjb9 Fg fstb ftbpb, eks gjòks fopjfzbg b usbr eb eôcjdb pbrb eefcbr b dkgdeusjkgfs vâejmbs, pfrk pbrb ekcrbrek gfdfsjtbg sjtubdjkgfs dkgdrftbs y gk bastrbdtbs. ]boa ]boajê jêg g pufmfg dbtfckrjzbr bspfdtks mf eb rfbejmbm mf ugb lkrob oudhk oâs dkopefib. Ktrk pugtk fsfgdjbe fs quf fe pfgsbojfgtk mfib mf sfr tbg fckdêgtrjdk. Vgb sfòbe debrb mf fstb ftbpb fs dubgmk eks gjòks pufmfg mbrsf dufgtb, pkr fifopek, mf quf eb dbgtjmbm mf eïqujmk fg ug rfdjpjfgtf gk mfpfgmf mf eb lkrob quf bmqujfrf, pufs êstf dkgsfrvb su vkeuofg. (Dbojeb, E. 1>2:).

Mfsbrrkeek dkcgjtjvk tfrdfrb jglbgdjb9 Fg fstf pfrïkmk eks gjòks cbgbg eb dbpbdjmbm pbrb utjejzbr ugb eôcjdb quf efs pfrojtf eefcbr eefc br b dkgdeus dkgdeusjkgf jkgfs s bastrbdt bastrbdtbs bs quf gk fstâg fstâg ejcbmbs ejcbmbs b dbsks dbsks dkgdrftk dkgdrftks. s. Fg ktrbs ktrbs pbebarbs, b pbrtjr mf fstf okofgtk, pufmfg ―pfgsbr skarf pfgsbr‟, y fsk qujfrf mfdjr  quf pufmfg bgbejzbr y obgjpuebr mfejafrbmbofgtf fsqufobs mf pfgsbojfgtk. ]boajêg pufmfg utjejzbr fe rbzkgbojfgtk hjpktêtjdk mfmudtjvk. (Dbojeb, E. 1>2:).

Mfsbrrkeek fokdjkgbe fg eb prjofrb jglbgdjb9

 



Mfsbrrkeek mfe rfdkgkdjojfgtk mf eb pfrobgfgdjb mf kaiftk.



Dbpbdjmbm mf mjlfrfgdjbr9 eb prjofrb mjlfrfgdjbdjôg aâsjdb fs ―oboâ‟, ―gk oboâ‟. Fstb sfrâ eb absf mf bprfgmjzbifs pkstfrjkrfs mf tkmk krmfg9 fg eb obykr bljgjmbm dkg ugbs pfrskgbs quf dkg ktrbs, drjtfrjks pfrskgbefs, bprfgmjzbif fsdkebr, y dkok sf vf ugb aufgb absf mfe mfsbrrkeek mf eb jmfgtjmbm mfe jgmjvjmuk.



Dbpbdjmbm mf lkdbejzbr eb btfgdjôg9 fe dfgtrk mf jgtfrês prjobrjk fs eb obmrf y b trbvês mf eks iufcks obmrf-afaê, fg quf sf jojtbg outubofgtf eb btfgdjôg vb ljiâgmksf mf lkrob dbmb vfz oâs ljrof mfsdbrtbgmk eks skgjmks y okvjojfgtks mfe fgtkrgk gk tbg jgtfrfsbgtfs. Bmfoâs fg fstf ―dkgvfrsbr‟ mf eb obmrf dkg fe afaê, fg quf ef jojtb y ef mb tjfopk pbrb quf êe rfspkgmb, sf jgjdjb tboajêg fe rfdkgkdjojfgtk mfe ktrk y fe mbref fspbdjk fg eb ―dkgvfrsbdjôg‟, eb betfrbejmbm.



Dbpbdjmbm mf obgtfgfr eb btfgdjôg pufs eks okofgtks mf iufck sf bebrcbg, jgdeuyfg be pbmrf, y dbmb vfz skg oâs rjdks, dkopefiks, murbmfrks.



Tfcurjmbm fg sï ojsok, pufs b trbvês mf fstb rfebdjôg fg quf eb obmrf sf



oufstrb jgdkgmjdjkgbe sf sjfgtf qufrjmk, vbejksk, jopkrtbgtf.  Bprfgmf b tkefrbr eb lrustrbdjôg, lrustrbdjôg, iustbofgtf iustbofgtf pkrquf b trbvês mfe dujmbmk y eb prktfddjôg quf eb obmrf fifrdf mfe afaê, eb lrustrbdjôg eefcb b pfqufòbs mksjs, b mksjs mjcfrjaefs quf gk ef dkebpsbg.



Dbpbdjmbm mf rfebdjôg quf dkok mfdïb bgtfs surcf mfe mjâekck dkg eb obmrf, eufck dkg fe pbmrf y ktrbs pfrskgbs sjcgjljdbtjvbs.



^kr fstb ojsob rbzôg fe vïgduek blfdtjvk ef pfrojtjrâ jgtfrfsbrsf pkr su fgtkrgk, fxpekrbrek,, rfdkgkdfr ebs sjojejtumfs y ebs mjlfrfgdjbs (dbpbdjmbm mf bastrbddjôg), fxpekrbrek tkmbs feebs absfs mfe bprfgmjzbif. (Gurjb, A, 1>26).

Mfsbrrkeek fokdjkgbe fg eb sfcugmb jglbgdjb9 Tfcùg Sbeekg fs eb ftbpb oâs sjcgjljdbtjvb fg eb lkrobdjôg mf eb pfrskgbejmbm. Fstb eb ftbpb mf eb skdjbejzbdjôg lufrb mfe âoajtk lbojejbr, fs mfdjr, be gjòk ef custk fstbr fg dkopbòïb mf ktrks gjòks y dkopbrtf iufcks y dkgvfrsbdjkgfs dkg sus jcubefs. Dbptb fxprfsjkgfs fokdjkgbefs mf ktrks. Eb bojstbm fs ugb lufgtf mf fxpfrjfgdjbs fokdjkgfs y sfgtjojfgtks fspfdïljdks. Eks bojcks dkgstjtuyfg ugb rfm skdjbe mf bpkyk bpkyk blfdtjvk blfdtjvk pbrb fe gjòk, bpkrtb bpkrtbgmk gmk sfcu sfcurjmb rjmbm m y ofikrb fg eb fopbtïb. ^ksff ugb dkgmudtb oâs skdjbaef. Fg fstb ftbpb sf dbrbdtfrjzb pkr eb

 

dbpbdjmbm dbpbdjmb m mf fxpekrbr fe ougmk b gjvfe lïsjdk, mf ebs pfrdfpdjkgfs, pfrdfpdjkgfs, jobcjgbdjôg y fe efgcubif. (psjdkekcïb y fmudbdjôg jgtfcrbe. 1>22).

Mfsbrrkeek fokdjkgbe fg eb tfrdfrb jglbgdjb9  

Fs ugb ugb ftbp ftbpb b fg fe quf quf fe drfdjo drfdjojf jfgtk gtk lïsjdk lïsjdk vb fq fquje ujejar jarâgm âgmks ksf f dkg fe mfsbrrkeek blfdtjvk, blfdtjvk, pfrojtjfgmk fg eks gjòks quf surib fe jgtfrês pkr dkgkdfr  y sbafr skarf fe ougmk y sus lfgôofgks. lfgôo fgks. Mfsbrrkeek Mfsbr rkeek mfe sfgtjojfgtk mf jmfgtjmbm. 

Fe jgtfrês sfxube sf dfgtrb fg fe dkgkdjojfgtk mfe dufrpk, mf eks ôrcbgks y eb prkdrfbdjôg.



Fg fstb ftbpb bmfoâs jgleuyfg fgkrofofgtf fgkrofofgtf eks vbekrfs f joâcfgfs quf eb lbojejb y eb skdjfmbm ef prfsfgtbg skarf dbmb sfxk. Fs pkr feek ug crbg mfsblïk pbrb eks pbmrfs y fmudbmkrfs fe trbabibr fg fstb ftbpb pbrb bljbgzbr  dboajks quf tjfgmbg hbdjb ugb obykr fqujmbm fgtrf eks sfxks. (psjdkekcïb y fmudbdjôg jgtfcrbe. 1>22).

Mfsbrrkeek skdjbe fg eb prjofrb jglbgdjb9 

Fe gjòk gk sf mjlfrfgdjb mfe rfstk mf ebs pfrskgbs.



Qfdkgkdf fe kekr, eb vkz y fe rkstrk mf su obmrf.



Dkgtbcjk fokdjkgbe.



Tf mjstjgcuf b sj ojsok mf eks mfoâs.





 Bpbrfdfg  Bpbrfdf g sfòbefs sfòbefs mf rfdkgkdjojfgtk rfdkgkdjojfgtk fg fe fspfik. fspfik. Fe gjòk k gjòb fstâ prfpbrbmk pbrb bsjojebr hâajtks y hbajejmbmfs aâsjdbs skdjbefs.



Dkg eks bmuetks fstbaefdf rfebdjkgfs oâs bdtjvbs y mfsbljbgtfs. (Eburb. C, 1>>4).

Mfsbrrkeek skdjbe fg eb sfcugmb jglbgdjb9 

Fopjfzbg ebs jgtfrbddjkgfs oâs guofrksbs y dkopefibs.



Tf vfg kaejcbmks b tfgfr fg dufgtb eb vfrmbmfrb fxjstfgdjb mfe ktrk, sus

 

gfdfsjmbmfs, sus jgtfrfsfs y efs dufstb dkebakrbr. 

Zb sf vb hbaebgmk mf bojstbmfs, bugquf dkg obrdbmk dbrâdtfr fckdêgtrjdk.



Eb ljgbejmbm mfe iufck gk fs skdjbe sj gk pebdfr jgmjvjmube. (Eburb, C, 1>>4).

Mfsbrrkeek skdjbe fg eb tfrdfrb jglbgdjb9 

< b 3 bòks9 Eks gjòks fopjfzbg b tfgfr debrbs prflfrfgdjbs pkr bojcks mfe ojsok sfxk. Ebs rfebdjkgfs fgtrf ebs gjòbs skg oâs dfrdbgbs f jgtfgsbs quf fgtrf eks gjòks, ofgks fxtfgsbs y oâs fxdeusjvbs.



3 b 8 bòks bòks99 Ebs Ebs bojst bojstbm bmfs fs bùg bùg skg jgfstb jgfstbaef aefs, s, ek eks s gjòks gjòks fxpfrj fxpfrjof ofgtb gtbg g lufrtfofgtf eb gfdfsjmbm mf pfrtfgfdfr b ug crupk mf pbrfs y skg ouy sfgsjae sfg sjaefs fs b eb dkoprfgsjôg dkoprfgsjôg skdjbe. skdjbe. Fstk sf obgjljfstb obgjljfstb fg su fslufrzk fslufrzk pkr  sfcujr eks pbtrkgfs mfe crupk y fg su prflfrfgdjb pkr eks iufcks crupbefs rfcebmks, bugquf obgtjfgfg su dbpbdjmbm mf iucbr skek.



8 b : bòks9 Eks crupks skdjbefs vbg buofgtbgmk y vkevjêgmksf oâs fstrfdhks pkr ek quf lâdje vfr b ug crupk lkrobmk pkr trfs bojcbs murbgtf tkmk fe dursk, ojfgtrbs quf ug gjòk tfgmrâ ug crupk mf bojcks oudhk oâs fxtfgsk oudhbs vfdfs mfrjvbmk mf bdtjvjmbmfs mfpkrtjvbs.



: b 2> bòks9 Fstks fxjcfg oâs mf sus bojcks, dboajbg ofgks b ofgumk mf bojcks y fgdufgtrbg oudhbs mjljduetbmfs pbrb hbdfr gufvks bojcks.



2> b 21 bòks9 Fe gùofrk mf aufgks bojcks fg boaks dbsks sf rfmudf pufstk quf fe crbmk mf jopejdbdjôg fs oudhk obykr fgtrf feeks. Fe crupk mf bojcks fopjfzb b fifrdfr ugb crbg jgleufgdjb skarf eks gjòks, tbgtk pksjtjvb dkok gfcbtjvb. (Ksdbr, T.C. 1>28).

Mfsbrrkeek mfe efgcubif fg eb prjofrb jglbgdjb9 

Hbaeb dkg fe afaê, rfspkgmf b sus abeaudfks.



Vsb ebs dbgdjkgfs.



Mfsmf pfqufòk jgtrkmudf be afaê fg ebs dkgvfrsbdjkgfs lbojejbrfs, bugquf gk pbrtjdjpf.



Mjef fe gkoarf mf ebs dksbs, pbrb quf ek bprfgmb.



Dubgmk sfòbef beck dkg fe mfmk mjef dkok sf eebob fsk



Fvjtb hbaebr dkok ug afaê. (Bgcfe, T.L).

 

Mfsbrrkeek mfe efgcubif fg eb sfcugmb jglbgdjb9 

Hbaeb dkg êe, duêgtbef dksbs.



Duêgtbef dufgtks.



^rfcùgtbef dksbs y fspfrb b quf rfspkgmb, mfib quf sfb fe quf hbaef gk tf bmfebgtfs b ek quf vb b mfdjr.



Dkrrïcfef dubgmk dkofgtb becùg frrkr fg becugb pbebarb.



Jgvkeùdrbef fg ebs dkgvfrsbdjkgfs.



Fopefb ebs dbgdjkgfs.



Hbz quf pbrtjdjpf fg ]fbtrks ]fbtrks



Hbaeb dkg êe b ofgumk.



Lbvkrfdf eks jgtfrdboajks dkougjdbtjvks.



Qfpjtf sus fgugdjbmks bopejâgmkeks.



^rfcugtbref, hbz quf tf bdebrf ebs dksbs.



Dubgmk mjcb beck obe, sf ek rfpjtfs dkrrfcjmk



Mfibr quf sf fxpejquf, quf gks dufgtf dkok ef hb jmk fe mïb, quf hb hfdhk fg fe dkefcjk, ftd. (Bgcfe, T.L).

Mfsbrrkeek mfe efgcubif fg eb tfrdfrb jglbgdjb9 

Hbz quf efb y byùmbef b dkoprfgmfr ek quf eff



^rkdurb quf sf fxprfsf mf lkrob fsdrjtb y hbaebmb





^rkvkdb quf tf prfcugtf dubgmk gk fgtjfgmb becugb pbebarb Dkgvfrsb dkg feeks. (Bgcfe, T.L).

DKGDEVTJÔG Fg fstbs = debsfs lugmbofgtbeofgtf bgbejzboks ouy mf dfrdb fe mfsbrrkeek mfe gjòk fg eks bspfdtks lïsjdk, psjdkoktkr, dkcgjtjvk, fokdjkgbe, skdjbe, y mf efgcubif, dbmb ugk mf fstks fstks mfsbr mfsbrrke rkeeks eks tjf tjfgf gfg g su sus s prkpjb prkpjbs s dbrbdt dbrbdtfrï frïstj stjdb dbs s qu quf f eks hb hbdf dfg g ùg ùgjdk jdks s y ouy ouy trbsdfgmfgtfs y mf fstb obgfrb dkgsfcujr fe oâs ôptjok mfsbrrkeek fg fe jglbgtf. Mfgtrk mf sus mjvfrsbs ftbpbs fgdkgtrboks eb ftbpb prfgbtbe, ftbpb mf eb prjofrb jglbgdjb, ftbpb mf eb sfcugmb jglbgdjb y eb ftbpb mf eb tfrdfrb jglbgdjb, pbrb quf fstks

 

mfsbrrkeeks pufmbg mbrsf mf lkrob bprkpjbmb tjfgfg quf pbrtjdjpbr tkmks eks quf ek rkmfbg y skg pbrtjdjpfs mf su vjmb dkok eb lbojejb, eks bojcks, fe obfstrk y eb skdjfmbm fg cfgfrbe. ^kmfoks tkobr dkok ug fifopek fe mfsbrrkeek lïsjdk, yb quf fg fstb ftbpb fs ouy fsfgdjbe prkpkrdjkgbr eb gutrjdjôg bmfdubmb pbrb quf fstb sf eefvf b dbak mf eb ofikr obgfrb, mfaf mf mfsdbgsbr ek quf eks fstumjks oêmjdks jgmjdbg dkok ebs hkrbs gfdfsbrjbs fgtrf ktrks dkgsfiks oâs. Fg dubgtk b eb ftbpb mfe mfsbrrkeek psjdkoktkr  hfoks mf buxjejbr be jglbgtf mâgmkef tkmk tjpk mf fstjouebdjôg gfdfsbrjb pbrb quf fe mfsbrrkeek psjdkoktkr sfb kptjok y tboajêg prkpkrdjkgbrefs eb butkjgmfpfgmfdjb pbrb quf feeks ojsoks fxpekrfg. Fstf tfob of pbrfdjô ouy jopkrtbgtf yb quf gks byumbrb b pkmfr arjgmbr ebs hfrrbojfgtbs hfrrbojfgtbs gfdfsbrjbs b eks gjòks fg sus mjlfrfgtfs ftbpbs mf eb vjmb y bsï sfrfoks ofikrfs mkdfgtfs. Tkarf fe mfsbrrkeek dkcgjtjvk quf fs fe prkdfsk pkr fe dube ug gjòk bprfgmf b rbzkgbr, rfskevfr prkaefobs y pfgsbr dkgsdjfgtfofgtf pkr fsk fs tbg jopkrtbgtf quf tbgtk mfgtrk mf eb lbojejb dkok fg eb fsdufeb feeks pufmbg sfgtjrsf ejarfs pbrb iucbr y mf fstb obgfrb pufmbg kasfrvb kasfrvbr, r, fsdudhbr y hbdfr  prfcugtbs mf tkmk ek quf eks rkmfb y bsï pufmbg fgtfgmfrek. ^kr ktrb pbrtf fe mfsbrrkeek fokdjkgbee y skdjbe dkgstjtuyfg ug pjebr lugmbofgtbe pbrb fe mfsbrrkeek y bprfgmjzbif mf fokdjkgb pkr vjmb pbrb fe jglbgtf yb quf fe mfsbrrkeek skdjbe sf mfsdrjaf dkok eb dbpbdjmbm mfe gjòk pbrb fstbaefdfr y dkgsfrvbr rfebdjkgfs sjcgjljdbtjvbs dkg eks obykrfs y kavjbofgtf dkg ktrks gjòks gjòks y fe mfsbrrkeek fokdjkgbe fokdjkgbe gks hbaeb hbaeb skarf eb hbajejmbm hbajejmbm quf pksff pksff fe gjòk pbrb fxprfsbr, rfdkgkdfr y obgfibr sus fokdjkgfs, fgtkgdfs hbajfgmk mjdhk fstk pj pjfg fgsk sk qu quf f

tbgt tbgtk k

fe mfsb mfsbrr rrke keek ek sk skdj djbe be dk dkok ok fe fokd fokdjk jkgb gbee

sk skg g

su suob obof ofg gtf

trbgsdfgmfgtbefs pbrb eb sbeum ofgtbe mf eks gjòks pfqufòks y fstk drfk quf b su vfz vb mf eb obgk mfe mfsbrrkeek mfe efgcubif yb quf pbrb oj fstb fs eb hfrrbojfgtb oâs fxtrbkrmjgbrjb pbrb fstbaefdfr rfebdjkgfs dkg ktrbs pfrskgbs.

QFLFQFGDJBT

VGJDFL. Mfsblïk. Oâs râpjmk mf ek quf hbaïboks pfgsbmk9 eks prjofrks bòks mf eb vjmb mfe gjòk sjfgtbg ebs absfs mf tkmk su drfdjojfgtk fg fe luturk. Dkgsuetbmk fe9 1 mf obrzk mf 1>11. Qfdupfrbmk mf9 https9//www.ugjdfl.krc/fs/mfsbrrkeek-mf-eb-prjofrb- jglbgdjb.

 

MBGBF mf eb Obtfrgjmbm y mf eb Jglbgdjb. \ke. 4, Drfdjojfgtk mfe gjòk, p.p. 213-24=

Eudjb, K.B. K.B. (1>22). Mfsbrrkeek lïsjdk y sbeum fg eb sfcugm sfcugmb b jglbgdjb. Dkgsuetbmk Dkgsuetbmk fe9

1

mf

obrzk mf 1>11. Qfdupfrbmk mf9

https9//fs.sejmfshbrf.gft/thbejbsjevbdruz/mfsbrrkeek-ljsjdk-y-sbeum-fg-eb- sfcugmb-jglbgdjb. \frôgjd \frô gjdb, b, O. Mfsbrrkeek psjdkoktkr psjdkoktkr y sus lbsfs. ^sjdkoktrjdjmbm, ^sjdkoktrjdjmbm, btfgdjôg dkgtjgubmb y gfdfsjmbmfs fspfdïljdbs. Dkgsuetbmk fe9 4 mf obrzk mf 1>11. Qfdupfrbmk mf mf99

http9//kdw.ugjkvj.fs/peucjgljef.php/6823/okm[rfskurdf/dkgtfgt/2/].1.%1>Mfsbrrkeek %1>psjdkoktkr%1>y%1>sus%1>lbsfs.pml.

Dbojeb, E. (1>2:). Tfcùg Ifbg ^jbcft, fstbs skg ebs = ftbpbs mfe mfsbrrkeek dkcgjtjvk. Dkgsuetbmk fe9 13 mf kdtuarf mf 1>2:. Qfdupfrbmk mf9 https9//fejcffmudbr.de/sfcug-ifbg-pjbcft-fstbs-ebs-=-ftbpbs-mfe-mfsbrrkeek-dkcgjtjvk.