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FOPGSG@F@ @H FU^HJ@GQFAH ? Urmyhotm Dg Urmpgf Hdprhsf

 WHJJW FIHRFJ@^F FIHRFJ@^F BH^JFJ@HQ NFIIH NFIIH_PH^M_ _PH^M_  WHG_MJ FINH^PM IßUHQ IßUHQ UF_OXF_

OMDUHJ_F^ XJGUFJFDH^GOFJF GJ_PGPXOGßJ XJGSH^_GPF^GF F@DGJG_P^FOGMJ @H HDU^H_F_ FJFIG_G_ CGJFJOGH^M NMLMPF >568

 

GJP^M@XOOGßJ

@hogr quh hi trfjspmrth hs uj ’dfi jhohsfrgm— quh jm fpmrtf vfimr fi prm`uotm rhsuitf gjoghrtm. Umrquh hi dhrof`m hstæ `gspuhstm f pflfr ujf ofjtg`f` pmr uj shrvgogm foohsgnih, foohsgnih, hj ifs omj`gogmjhs h hj j ifs quh im rhqughrh. Föf`ghj`m ujf ofrfothrästgof cuj`fdhjtfi1 if `gspmjgngig`f`.

If prhshjth fotgvg`f` prhthj`h fnmr`fr hi `gshöm thÿrgom `h ujf hdprhsf hsphogfigzf`f hj hi trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms, f if quh sunomjtrftfräfj hi trfjspmrth ifs hdprhsfs trf`gogmjfihs, fnmr`fj`m if imlästgof i mlästgof `h hstms trfsif`ms y fjfigzfj`m ifs dhamrhs mpogmjhs hj oufjtm f imofigzfogÿj, `gshöm `h rutfs y pifjthfdghjtm lhjhrfi `hi jhlmogm.

 

Pfnif `h omjthjg`m

Ofpgtuim 6

6.

Uifj Hstrftçlgom 6

Ofpgtuim >

>.

6?

Urmyhoogÿj `h if hdprhsf

Ofpgtuim ?

?.

6

6?

>>

Omjsmig`fogÿj `h if hdprhsf

>>

OFUGPXIM 6

 

6. UIFJ UIFJ H_ H_P^ P^FP FPHL HLGO GOM M 6.6 Jmdnrh `h if mrlfjgzfogÿj ImUBh^ hs hs ujf m mrlfjgzfogÿj rlfjgzfogÿj q quh uh hstæ `hstgjf`f f rmdphr h hii hstftus V, hj oufjtm f trfjspmrth sh rhcghrh. _u jmdnrh prmvghjh `h ims fphiig`ms `h sus orhf`mrhs, qughjhs omj lrfj hscuhrzm y ` `h`gofogÿj h`gofogÿj `hog`ghrmj orhfr ujf fithrjftgvf `h trfsif`m `h phrsmjfs, quh oudpighrfj omj ifs jhohsg`f`hs y sh hjcmofrf f nrgj`fr fithrjftgvfs thojmiÿlgofs hjofdgjf`fs fi sglim RRG.

Whjjy Fihxfj`rf Bhrjæj`hz

Whgsmj F. Iÿphz Ufsoufs

6.> Juhstrm Imlmtgpm Hi sädnmim hdprhsfrgfi omjstf omjstf `h trhs oärouims quh bfoh bfohj j rhchrhjogf f im limnfi, uj vhbäouim vhbäouim quh `ghrf f omjmohr j juhstrf uhstrf prgjogpfi fotgvg`f` homjÿdgof y pmr su p puhstm uhstm hi j jmdnrh mdnrh quh jms ofrfothrgzf. Vugs Vugsgdms gdms quh hi imlmtgpm cuhrf shjogiim, phrm fi dgsdm tghdpm iif iifdftgvm, dftgvm, pmr im qu quh h gdpihdhjtfdms omimrhs oifrms y cuhrths.

 

6.? Juhstrm _imlfj ’Hxphrghjogf,  Phojmimläf h Gjjmvfogÿj hj ouftrm ruh`fs—

Juhstrm simlfj cuh orhf`m omj hi cgj ` `h h gjvgtfr f juhstrms oighjths f quh quh `gscruthj if hxphrghjogf `h trfjspmrtfrsh hj juhstrms vhbäouims, quh ouhjtfj omj im ñitgdm hj thojmimläf futmdmtrgz, y pmr supuhstm fnrfj tm`ms sus shjtg`ms fi shrvgogm gjjmvf`mr `h juhstrms ofrrms `h vgfah. _ghdprh phjsfj`m hj if ofig`f` y hj oug`fr juhstrm pifjhtf.

6.0 Juhstrf Lhstgÿj  Juhstrm mnahtgvm prgjogpfi sghdprh bf sg`m hi trfjs trfjspmrth pmrth `h pfsfahrms f s sus us `hstgjms. Fotufidhjth prhstfdms shrvgogms `h fouhr` fouhr`m m `h if jhohsg`f` `h ims oighjths, dfjhafdms trfjspmrths tfjtm omdm pfrf ujf s smif mif phrsmjf, omdm pfrf lrupms `h dæs `h ? ?55 55 phrsmjfs. Lrfo Lrfogfs gfs fi `hsfrrmiim `hi dmtmr  crgm `h omdnustgÿj hxthrj hxthrjf f y sus fvfjohs tho thojmiÿlgoms, jmiÿlgoms, omjtfdms omj vhbäouims ouyf hdgsgÿj hdgsgÿj `h lfs ofrnmjm ofrnmjm hs 5%, _gsthdf `h fgsifdgh fgsifdghjtm jtm `hi

 

rug`m hxthrjm, LU_ `h dæxgdf hcgoghjogf, Of Ofrlf`mrhs rlf`mrhs `h hjhrläf hj of`f puhstm, ^hlgstrms bgstÿrgoms `h f fjthrgmrhs jthrgmrhs ` `hstgjms, hstgjms, Jm jh jhohsgtf ohsgtf ` `h h omdnustgnihs cÿsgihs, ^hofrlf hiçotrgof `h däjgdm ? bmrfs y ujf vhimog`f` `h 665 kgiÿdhtrms pmr bmrf. Hi Hi shrvgogm `h trfsif`m im prçstfdms hj if ogu`f` `h Nmlmtæ. W pfrf hi cuturm quhrhdms hx hxpfj`grjms pfj`grjms pmr tm`f Omimdngf. F omjtgjufogÿj juhstrms shrvgogms1

m

Vughrm uj ImUBh^.

 Fiqugifdms juhstrms trfjspmrths, trfjspmrths, f pfrtgr `h uj `äf, bfstf ? dhshs omdm dæxgdm, `h fouhr`m f ims rhquhrgdghjtms `hi oighjth, ofjtg`f` `h pfsfahrms, `hstgjms y `gspmjgngig`f` `h if hdprhsf. Jm vhj`hdms juhstrms vhbäouims, pmr shr dh`gms `h trfjspmrth prgvf`m. Ufrf fiqugifr hstms gjorhänihs ofrrms hi smigogtfjth `hnh cgrdfr uj fouhr`m hj `mj`h sh omdprmdhth f trfjspmrtfr f dæs `h ujf phrsmjf f `gfrgm.

m

Jhohsgtm filughj pfrf dfjhafr.

Mtrm pujtm gdpmrtfjth `h juhstrf lhstgÿj smj ims OF°s (Obmchrhs  Fsgljf`ms) smj omifnmrf`mrhs omifnmrf`mrhs quh hstæ hstæj j ofpfogtf`ms pf pfrf rf nrgj`fr if gjcmrdfogÿj rhihvfjth f sus pfs pfsfahrms, fahrms, hj hiims hi oighjth pm`ræ h hjomjtrfr jomjtrfr ujf cuhjth `h gjcmrdfogÿj omjcgfnih fohrof `h thdfs omdm1 

Omdm iihlfr dæs cæogi f su `hstgjm.



_gtgms `h gjthrçs lhjhrfi



Hj quh hjtg`f` `hnh rhfigzfr su trædgth.



Purgsdm h Bgstmrgf lhjhrfi.

 

m

Sfdms tm`ms.

Omjmoghj`m `h fjth dfjm if prmnihdætgof `h if dmvgig`f` `h if ogu`f`, mcrhohdms hi shrvgogm ’Sfdms tm`ms—, hsth omjsgsth hj rutfs `gshöf`fs hstrftçlgofdhjth, pfrf iihvfr iihvfr vfrgfs phrsmjfs f u uj j dgsdm `hstgjm. _g tñ y tus omdpföhrms vfj fi trfnfam, jmsmtrms hvfiufrhdms ims `hstgjms y orhfrhdms hi pifj `h rutf quh quh ims rhomlhræ hj if puhrtf puhrtf `h su ofsf y ims `hafrf hj if puhrtf `h sus trfnfams y vgohvhrsf.

m

@hnm trfjspmrtfr.

_g tghjhs duobfs ofafs, pfquhths, hihdhjtms hj lrfj ofjtg`f` quh jm quhpfj hj tu vhbäouim pfrtgouifr, hsth shrvgogm hs pfrf tg, `gshöf`m omj hi mnahtgvm `h nrgj`frth uj dh`gm `h trfjspmrth omj ifs i fs omj`gogmjhs jhohsfrgfs pfrf im quh `hshhs iihvfr. iihvfr. Hsth gjoiuyh hi fomdp fomdpföfdghjtm föfdghjtm `h ims DO°s  (Dmvgigzf`mrhs `h ofrlfs) ofrlfs) Uhrsmjfi fitfdhjth o ofpfogtf`m fpfogtf`m y hchotgvm hj hi `hspifzfdghjtm `h mnahtms crælgihs y `h vfimr.

6.8 Pgpm `h Hdprhsf _mdms ujf smogh`f` smogh`f` omihotgvf ouyf prgjogpfi fotgvg`f fotgvg`f` ` homjÿdgof hs hi trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms, ouym ofpgtfi prmvhjghjth hs prgvf`m. Pfdngçj jms omjsg`hrfdms dh`gfjf hdprhsf omj >55 trfnfaf`mrhs fprmxgdf`fdhjth ungof`ms hj `gstgjtfs ærhfs o omdm mdm _hrvgogm f fii oighjth, Mphrftgvms y  F`dgjgstrftgvms.

 

Uhrthjhohdms fi fi shotmr throgfrgm `h if oifsgcgofogÿj pmr fotgvg`f`hs homjÿdgofs yf quh omj if fyu`f `h juhstrm hqugpm `h tfihjtm budfjm (hihdhjtm cuj`fdhjtfi) qughjhs rhfigzfj ifs fotgvg`f`hs cäsgofs h gjthihotufihs pfrf pm`hr lhjhrfr rhjtfngig`f`.

6.3 Hjtmrjm Hdprhsfrgfi _mdms uj sgsthdf hdprhsfrgfi hdprhsfrgfi quh sh orhÿ omj if cgjfig`f` `h fyu`fr f dhamrfr if dmvgig`f` hj if ogu`f` ogu`f` `h Nmlmtæ, yf quh vgdms y hjthj`gdms quh ifs phrsmjfs quh utgigzfj ofrrm, hs pmrq pmrquh uh ihs lustf gr oÿdm`ms, trfjqugims y usfr hi dhjmr hscuhrzm pmsgnih pfrf `hspifzfrsh. Hj hsh mr`hj `h g`hfs, tmdfdms hsh cfotmr hxthrjm h bgogdms ifs sglughjths prhlujtfs1 ½sg ih pu`gçrfdm pu`gçrfdms s `fr hsf o omdm`g`f`, mdm`g`f`, trfj trfjqugig`f` qugig`f` y rh`uoogÿj `h hscuhrzm f vfrgfs phrsmjfs hj hj uj smim vhbäouim= ½ ½_g _g imlrærfdms dgjgdgzfr ifs omjlhstgmjhs vhbgouifrhs hj uj pmrohjtfah omjsg`hrfnih= ½Um`rhdms rh`uogr if omjtfdgjfogÿj fdnghjtfi dh`gfjth uj dçtm`m homiÿlgom y thojmiÿlgofdhjth fvfjzf`m q quh uh phrdgtf uj `hs `hspifzfdghjtm pifzfdghjtm hstfn hstfnih= ih= Hj rhspuhstf f hstfs gjoÿljgtfs hs quh sg sh puh`h. Hs pmr hsf rhspuhstf quh pmshhdms uj hjtmrjm hdprhsfrgfi hstfnih, omdpiham y omdphtgtgvm; jms f`fptfdms cæogidhjth f ifs jhohsg`f`hs `h omdujg`f` f if quh shrvgdms y hstfdms hj if ofpfog`f` `h prhvhr ims ofdngms omj fjtgogpfogÿj y `fr smiuogmjhs hchotgvfs f tm`ms ims rhtms quh hj ImUBh^ sh puh`fj iihlfr f prhshjtfr.

6.< Juhstrms ^hoursms

 

Omdm im bfnäfdms dhjogmjf`m fjthrgmrdhjth juhstrm hqugpm `h trfnfaf`mrhs hstf hjtrh ims >55 hdpihf`ms y orhoghj`m, sghj`m ims hdpihf`ms juhstrf dhamr f`qugsgogÿj, hiims smj ims hjofrlf`ms `äf f `äf `h dfjthjhr if orh`gngig`f` ` `h h if omdpföäf. W Wf f thjghj`m hi cfotmr budfjm quh jms nrgj`f tm`f su `gspmsgogÿj, `gspmsgogÿj, omjtfdms o omj mj gjstfifogmjhs quh cuhrmj f`fptf`fs f juhstrfs jhohsg`f`hs hdprhsfrgfihs, hjtrh ifs zmjfs dæs gdpmrtfjths sh hjouhjtrfj ims UOes (Ufrquhf`hrms Ounghrtms) `mj`h fidfohjfdms tm`ms tm`ms ims vhbäouims, hi `h `hpfrtfdhjtm pfrtfdhjtm `h FI (F`dgjgstrfogÿj ImUBh^) quh ouhjtf omj mcgogjfs pfrf hi phrsmjfi, sfifs `h aujtfs y sfif `h ofpfogtfogÿj. Umr mtrm if`m hstæ hi `hpfrtfdhjtm `h LM (Lhstgÿj Mphrftgvf), `mj`h juhstrms OF°s y DO°s  jm smim `hsphöfj sus cujo cujogmjhs, gmjhs, sgjm quh ouhjtfj omj zmjfs `h figdhjtfogÿj, hspfrogdghjtm y ofpfogtfogÿj.  F`hdæs `h ofsgiihrms ofsgiihrms phrsmjfigzf`ms. Mtrm `h `hpfrtfdhjtm pfrtfdhjtm hs hi `h ^_  (^hogngr _migogtu`hs), `mj`h juhstrms oighjths sh omdujgofj pfrf ihvfjtfr sus rhquhrgdghjtms. Ohrof `h ims pfrquhf`hrms Ounghrtms, sh hjouhjtrf hi `hpfrtfdhjtm `h @&D (  (@hsfrrmiim @hsfrrmiim & Dfjthjgdghjtm) fiiä juhstrms tçojgoms hsphogfigzf`ms, rhfigzfj hi dfjthjgdghjtm prhvhjtgvm f juhstrms vhbäouims h gjvhstglfj juhvfs tho thojmimläfs jmimläfs pfrf s shr hr fpigof`fs fi trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms. F omjtgjufogmjh omjtgjufogmjhs s filujms `h juhstrms vhbäou vhbäouims1 ims1

 

6.2 Juhstrm @MCF

@hngig`f`hs

Mpmrtujg`f`hs

_mdms ujf omdpföäf quh rhoghjthdhjth sfih fi dhrof`m, smj duy pmoms oighjths ims quh jms omjmohj.

Ofptfr if fthjogÿj `h oighjths pmthjogfihs, pmthjogfih s, omdm omdpföäfs duitgjfogmjfihs.

Cfiifs hj ims vhbäouims quh jms bflfj phr`hr orh`gngig`f`.

Mnthjhr pftrmogjgm y omjvhjgms omj mtrfs hjtg`f`hs quh phrdgtf hi `hsfrrmiim `h juhstrf thojmimläf.

Cfitf `h lhstgÿj pmr pfrth `h ims `grhotgvms quh jm phrdgtfj hi `hsfrrmiim

Lhjhrfr sftgscfoogÿj tmtfi hj ims oighjths fotufihs smnrh juhstrm

`h   if hdprhsf.

shrvgogm, fsä hiimsy shræj fsä shræ dhjsfahrms y im quh bfohdms pfrfjquh im bfohdms.

Cmrtfihzfs

Fdhjfzfs

Umr dh`gm `h juhstrfs gjvhstglfogmjhs gjvhstglfogmjhs bhdms imlrf`m orhfr bhrrfdghjtfs quh jms cfogigthj if mnthjogÿj `h prm`uotms y shrvgogms `h ofig`f`.



Ifs ihyhs `hi lmnghrjm.



Cfotmrhs oigdftmiÿlgoms. oigdftmiÿlgoms.

Ofpfogtfdms omjstfjthdhjth f tm`m hi Ofpfogtfdms phrsmjfi, pfrf bfohrims dæs omdphtgtgvms hj hi dhrof`m.



Cfotmrhs _mogmhomjÿdgoms

Juhstrf hstruoturf hdprhsfrgfi hs



sÿig`f y jms phrdgth `fr smiuogÿj gjdh`gftf f ims gjomjvhjghjths gjomjvhjghjths quh sh iihluhj f prhshjtfr.



 Fphrturf `h mtrfs mtrfs omdpföäfs. Jm shf fohptf`m pmr hi omjsudg`mr.

6.7 Juhstrf Dgsgÿj

ImUBh^ tghjh omdm dgsgÿj mcrhohr uj shrvgogm `h ofig`f` hj dfthrgf `h trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms, dh`gfjth utgigzfogÿj `h vhbäouims omj dmtmr crgm `h omdnustgÿj hxthrjf, hxthrjf, quh jms phrdgth orhfr hjhrläf homiÿlgof pfrf juhstrms

 

vhbäouims. Pm`m hstm imlrf`m omj su ofpgtfi budfjm, qughjhs `äf f `äf jms luäfj f if juhvf hrf `h ifs Hjhrläfs rhjmvfnihs.

6.65 Juhstrf Sgsgÿj  Ufrf hi föm >5>8, ImUBh^ ImUBh^ sh qughrh pmsgo pmsgogmjfr gmjfr omdm ujf `h ifs prgjogpfihs omdpföäfs hj trfjspmrtfr pfsfahrms utgigzfj`m hjhrläfs fithrjftgvfs. Hstfdms omdprmdhtg`ms omj hi pifjh pifjhtf tf y sus b bfngtfjths, fngtfjths, orhyhj`m cgrdhdhjth quh quh juhstrf ifnmr hs hi gjgogm `hi `hi prgdhr pfsÿ pfrf uj dhamr cuturm.

6.66 Mnahtgvms Hdprhsfrgfihs 

Dfjthjhr uj omjstfjth orhogdghjtm hj hi dhrof`m hj hi quh sh `hshdphöf.



Nrgj`fr mpmrtujg`f`hs `h hdpihms f df`rhs y pf`rhs ofnhzf `h cfdgigf, fcrm`hsohj`ghj fcrm`hsohj`ghjths, ths, `gsofpfogtf`ms.

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Mcrhohr mpmrtujg`f`hs `h orhogdghjtm prmchsgmjfi y h`uofogÿj f ims hdpihf`ms `h if omdpföäf.



Omjtrgnugr omj pifjhs pifjhs `h rhspm rhspmjsfngig`f` jsfngig`f` smogf smogfii y homiÿlgof f if smogh`f` f if quh sgrvh.

 



Dfjthjhr nuhjfs rhifogmjhs omj oighjths, prmvhh`mrhs, hdpihf`ms, smogms, omdphtg`mrhs, pfrf fsä gjohjtgvfr f ujf omdphthjogf trfjspfrhjth.



_ghdprh mcrhohr shrvgogms y prm`uotms `h ofig`f`, lfrfjtgzfj`m hi 6558 `h hchotgvg`f`.



Gjjmvfr omjstfjthdhjth, omjstfjthdhjth, pfrf orhfr prm`uo prm`uotms tms y shrvgogms quh oudpifj omj ifs hxphotftgvfs y jhohsg`f`hs `h juhstrms oighjths.

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Cmdhjtfr hi shjtg`m `h phrthjhjogf pmr if omdpföäf, if cfdgigf y if omdujg`f` f if quh mcrhohdms juhstrms prm`uotms y shrvgogms.

6.6> Sfimrhs Hdprhsfrgfihs Juhstrms prgjogpgms hdprhsfrgfihs jms `hcgjhj omdm hjtg`f` y hqugpm `h trfnfam, hj hiims `hnhdms n nfsfr fsfr juhstrfs `hogsgm `hogsgmjhs jhs y foogmjhs, sghd sghdprh prh phjsfj`m hj hi nghjhstfr `h juhstrf omdujg`f` mrlfjgzfogmjfi, Cfdgigf y Oighjths.

m

Gjthlrg`f`.

m

Hxohihjogf

m

Hchotgvg`f`

m

Gjjmvfogÿj

m

@hsfrrmiim.

m

Omdpföhrgsdm.

 

OFUGPXIM > >. U^MWH U^MWHOOG OOGMJ MJ @H IF HDU HDU^H_ ^H_F F >.6Juhstrms >.6 Juhstrms _hrvgogms Juhstrms shrvgogms hstæj hjcmof`ms fi trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms y filujms shrvgogms `h trfjspmrth `h Ofrlfs. Hstms smj juhstrms prgjogpfihs1

m

Vughrm uj ImUBh^1 Fiqugihr `h vhbäouims pfrf tm`m tgpm `h pfsfahrms, pmr phrgm`ms ` `h h tghdpm `h b bfstf fstf trhs dhshs dhshs..

 

m

Jhohsgtm filughj pfrf dfjhafr1 Fsgsthjogf `h OF°s (Obmchrhs (Obmchrhs  Fsgljf`ms), pmr 2 bmrfs `gfrgfs, ofpfogtf`ms h hj j thdfs rhifogmjf`ms omj ungofogÿj lhmrrhchrhjogfr y turgsdm.

m

Sfdms tm`ms1 _hrvgogm `gshöf`m pfrf lrupms quh trfnfafj m hstu`gfj ohrof, ohrof, g`f y rhlrhsm hj bmrfrgms ` `h h fouhr`m f iifs fs jhohsg`f`hs `hi oighjth

m

@hnm trfjspmrtfr1 Prfspmrth `h ofrlfs f oufiqughr `hstgjm ``hjtrm hjtrm `hi pfäs, omj phrsmjfi DO°s (Dmvgigzf`mrhs `h ofrlfs) mrghjtf`ms f prhstfr uj shrvgogm omj hcgofogf y dgjuogmsg`f`.

>.> Juhstrm  Juhstrm Uhrcgi `h Oighjth. >.>

Oifrfdhjth juhstrms oighjths smj phrsmjfs `h tm`fs ifs h`f`hs. Hj oufjt ou fjtm m f rfslm rfslms s lhjhr lhjhrfih fihs s om omdm dm hi

shx shxm, m, prmc prmchsg hsgÿj, ÿj, jgv jgvhi hi smog smogfi, fi,

jfogmjfig jfog mjfig`f` `f` y iulfr `h trfnfam jm smj rhih rhihvfjt vfjths hs pfrf pm`h pm`hrr prhstfr  juhstrms juhs trms shrv shrvgogms gogms.. Ofnh `hs `hstfofr tfofr quh sus bæ bængtms ngtms `h omdp omdprf rf `hnhj hstfrr figjhf`m hstf figjhf`ms s omj juhstrf prgj prgjogpfi ogpfi fotg fotgvg`f vg`f` ` homjÿdg homjÿdgof, of, gjvhstglf gjvh stglfdms dms smnr smnrh h omdm pm`h pm`hrr hstfnih hstfnihohr ohr

f`gog f`gogmjfi mjfi

uj phrcg phrcgii dæs hxfotm `h

juhstrm oighjths, mnshrvfdms quh hj if ogu`f` `h Nmlmtæ hxgsthj 3,%, hstm bfoh rhifogÿj f uj hstu`gm `h if shorhtfrgf `h dmvgig`f` fi föm >56>. Hj hsh mr`hj `h g`hfs pm`rhdms `hogr quh juhstrm cmom oighjth, hs hi 75% `h if pmnifogÿj quh usf trfjspmrth pñnigom, thjghj`m hj ouhjtf quh hi shrvgogm

 

tghjh cfiifs omdm1 Omjlhstgÿj hj ifs väfs, dfi shrvgogm fi oighjth, gjshlurg`f`, omjtfdgjfogÿj fdnghjtfi, prmnihdætgofs `h gjtmihrfjogf hjtrh mtrms. W jmsmtrms omdm hdprhsf pm`hdms `fr rhspuhstf f hstms gdprhvgstms.

>.? Juhstrm Dfrkhtgjl Ufrf pm`hr rhfigzfr juhstrm pifj `h dfrkhtgjl `hnhdms thjhr hj ouhjtf vfrgms fsphotms omdm1 ½quç vhj`hr= ½F qugçj vhj`hr= ½F quç prhogm= ½Omj quh dh`gms= dh`gms= ½oÿdm= ½Ou ½Ouæjtms= æjtms= Oghrtfdhjth hstm `ftms yf bfj sg sg`m `m mn mnth thjg jg`m `ms s f dh dh`g `g`f `f qu quh h fv fvfj fjzf zfdm dms s hs hsth th pr prmy myho hotm tm,, `h `hs` s`h h if `hcgjgogÿj `h if dgsgÿj y vgsgÿj, bfstf `hcgjgr hi phrcgi `h juhstrm oighjth. Hi pifj `h dfrkhtg dfrkhtgjl jl jms fyu fyu`f `f f `hc `hcgjg gjgr, r,

omd omdpfr pfrfr fr y fjf fjfigz igzfr fr tm`f tm`fs s ifs

vfrgfnihs `h juhstrms shrvgogms, hj omdpfrfogÿj omj im mcrhog`m pmr hi dhrof`m. Hj juh juhstr strf f omd omdpfö pföäf äf juh juhstr strms ms sh shrvg rvgogm ogms s hst hstæj æj hjc hjcmof mof`ms `ms fi trf trfjsp jspmrt mrth h `h pfsfahrms f `gchrhjths `hstgjms, mtmrlfj`m shlurg`f`, dfxgdgzfogÿj `hi tghdpm, omdm`g`f omdm `g`f`, `, hcgo hcgoghjog ghjogf f y uj vfi vfimr mr flrh flrhlf`m lf`m `h rhsp rhspmjsf mjsfngig` ngig`f` f` homiÿlgo homiÿlgof f hj omdp om dpfr frfo fogÿ gÿj j om omj j mtrm mtrms s dh dh`g `gms ms `h tr trfj fjs spm pmrt rth h rh rhlu luif ifrh rhs. s. Pm Pm`f `fs s hs hstf tfs s ofrfot ofr fothrä hrästg stgofs ofs jms `fj hi puj pujtm tm `gc `gchrh hrhjog jogf`m f`mrr pfr pfrf f pm pm`hr `hr pfr pfrtgo tgogpf gpfrr hj uj dhrof`m tfj omdphtgtgvm, omdm im hs hi `h trfjspmrth. ImUBh^ jm smim nusof `frr rh `f rhsp spuh uhst stf f f if `h `hdf dfj` j`f, f, im qu quh h hj rh rhfi fig` g`f` f` nu nuso sof f hs om omjt jtrm rmif ifri rif f y rhouphrfr rhou phrfrf f if orh`gngig` orh`gngig`f` f` `h if mchrtf, pmrqu pmrquh h bhdms hvg`h hvg`hjogf` jogf`m m quh

ims

dh`gms `h trfjspmrth ’trf`gogmjfihs— smim sh `h`gofj f oudpigr omj hi mnahtgvm däjgdm quh hs hi `h trfjspmrtfr pfsfahrms, foifrfj`m quh jm hs uj nuhj shrvgogm y pmr mtrm if`m oufj`m `hogdms quh quhrhdms dhamrfr if `hdfj`f,

 

tf tfdn dngç gçj j jm jms s hj hjcm cmof ofdm dms s

f rh`u rh`uog ogrr hi jñ jñdh dhrm rm `h vh vhbä bäou ouim ims s hj if väf, väf,

omjtrgnuyhj`m f dhamrfr if dmvgig`f` hj uj pmrohjtfah omjsg`hrfnih.   _gj iulfr f `u`f quh hi trfjsp trfjspmrth mrth bf hstf`m prhshjth hj hj hi `gfrgm omjvgvgr `h ifs

phrsmjfs `hs`h omdghjzms `h if bgstmrgf `h ims puhnims, omjtrgnuyhj`m

pmom pm om f pm pmom om f dh dham amrf rfrr if of ofig ig`f `f` ` `h vg vg`f `f `h `hii shr shr bu budf dfjm jm.. Fi tr trfj fjsp spmr mrth th pm`hdms omjsg`hrfrim omdm uj shrvgogm gjthrdh`gfrgm, omdm uj dh`gm pfrf fiofjzfr uj cgj, sghj`m hsth cgj hi `h omjshlugr hi ofdngm `h imofigzfogÿj `h phrsmjfs m `h dhrofjoäfs. Juhs Ju hstr trms ms dh dh`g `gms ms hs hshj hjog ogfi fihs hs pf pfrf rf lh lhjh jhrf rfrr df dfrk rkht htgj gjl l `h of ofig` ig`f` f` hs hstf tfræ ræj j hjtrhifzf`ms omj ifs Juhvfs Phojmimläfs `h if Gjcmrdfogÿj y Omdujgofogÿj (PGO), qughjhs jms fyu`frfj f hstfnihohr prmlrfdfs punigogtfrgms omdm hdfgi, vfiifs punigogtfrgfs, omdhrogfihs, f`dgjgstrfogÿj `h gjcmrdfogÿj pmr dh`gm `h ifs rh`hs smogfihs hto… Mtrf cmrdf `h bfohr dfrkhtgjl hs pmr dh`gm `h uj gdphofnih shrvgogm fi oighjth, oighj th, sud sudf`m f`m f if thm thmräf räf `h ims d dhdhs hdhs,, hstm b bfoh foh rhc rhchrhjo hrhjogf gf f quh sg u uj j oighjth mntghjh uj nuhj shrvgogm, im ` `gvuilfrf gvuilfrf f dæs phrs phrsmjfs, mjfs, quh f su vhz im `gvuilfrf f mtrfs phrsmjfs, orhf`m uj pfsh `h gjcmrdfogÿj quh ftrfhræ f dæs oighjths rhchrhjogf`ms

>.?Juhstrm >.? Juhstrm Ogoim `h _hrvgogms

_migogtu` `h shrvgogm pmr pfrth `hi oighjth

 

_h tmdfj pifjhs `h dhamrf pfrf

Hvfiufogÿj y fjæigsgs `hi shrvgogm

prÿxgdms shrvgogms  

Ommr`gjfogÿj `hi shrvgogm pfrf hjtrhlfr fi oighjth

_h bfoh ujf hvfiufogÿj `h sfscfogþj

Hi oighjth pflf y tmdf hi shrvgogm

>.0 Juhstrms ^hoursms dfthrgfihs.   Ifs

gjstfifogmjhs 

cu cuhr hrmj mj

f` f`fp fptf tf`f `fs s

f

ju juhs hstr trfs fs

jh jho ohs hsg` g`f` f`hs hs

hdprhsfrgfihs, hjtrh ifs zmjfs dæs gdpmrtfjths sh hjouhjtrfj ims UOes (Ufrquhf`hrms Ounghrtms) `mj` `mj`h h fidfohjfd fidfohjfdms ms tm`ms im ims s vhbäouims, hi `hpfrtfdhjtm `h FI (F`dgjgstrfogÿj ImUBh^) quh ouhjtf omj mcgogjfs pfrf hi phrsmjfi, sfifs `h aujtfs y sfif `h ofpfogtfogÿj. Umr mtrm if`m hstæ hi `hpfrtfdhjtm `h LM (Lhstgÿj Mphrftgvf), `mj`h juhstrms OF°s y DO°s jm smim `hsp `hsphöfj höfj sus cujog cujogmjhs, mjhs, sgjm quh o ouhjtfj uhjtfj omj zmjfs zmjfs `h fig figdhj dhjtfo tfogÿj gÿj,, hsp hspfro frogdg gdghjt hjtm m y ofp ofpfog fogtfo tfogÿj gÿj.. F`h F`hdæs dæs `h ofs ofsgii giihrm hrms s phrsmjfigzf`ms. Mtrm `hpfrtfdhjtm hs hi `h ^_ (^hogngr _migogtu`hs), `mj`h juhstrms oighjths sh omdujgofj pfrf ihvfjtfr sus rhquhrgdghjtms. Ohrof `h ims pfrquhf`hrms Ounghrtms, sh hjouhjtrf hi `hpfrtfdhjtm `h @&D

((@h @hsf sfrr rrm miim iim

hsph hs phog ogfi figz gzf` f`ms ms,,

&

Dfj Dfjth thj jgdgh gdghjt jtm m)

fi fiiä iä

rhfi rhfigz gzfj fj hi df dfjt jthj hjgd gdgh ghjt jtm m

juh uhs str trms ms pr prhv hvhj hjtgv tgvm m

f

ttç çoj ojgo goms ms ju juhs hstr trms ms

 

vhbä vh bäou ouim ims s h gjvh gjvhst stgl glfj fj

ju juhv hvfs fs th thoj ojmi miml mläf äfs s pf pfrf rf sh shrr fp fpig igof of`f `fs s fi

trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms. Ims Shbäouims quh smj juhstrf prgjogpfi bhrrfdghjtf `h trfnfam. @h ims oufihs thjhdms 68 ofrrms `umphrsmjfihs, >5 ofrrms pfrtgouifrhs (8 pfsfahrms dæx.) y >8 vfjhs `h trfjspmrth pfrf lrfj`hs lrupms (66 pfsfahrms dæx.) Pm`ms vghjhj hqugpf`ms hqug pf`ms om omj j hi dmtmr `h omdnus omdnustgnih tgnih hj crgm, nmis nmisfs fs `h fgrh pfrf tm`ms im pfsfahrm, ofihcfoogÿj y fgrh fomj`gogmjf`m, pfjtfiifs phrsmjfigzf`fs, ofrlf`mr  pfrf ohiuifr y LU_.

Hqugpm gpmss `h mcg mcgogj ogjff, omdm omdp omdputf`m utf`mrfs, rfs, dfqu dfqugjfs gjfs duitgc duitgcujog ujogmjfih mjfihs, s, Ims Hqu _ofj, gdprhsmrf y cmtmompgf`mrf, sgiifs, hsorgtmrgms, dhsfs `h trfnfam y `hdæs hstæj omjsg`hrf`ms omjsg`hrf`ms `hjtrm ` `h h juhstrms rhoursms dfthrgfihs.

>.8 Juhstrm ofpgtfi budfjm. Hi hqugpm budfjm, omj hi quh if omdpföäf ouhjtf, hstæ ofpfogtf`m y hsphogfigzf`m hj of`f ujf `h ifs ærhfs `h fpmym, `hs`h shrvgogm fi oighjth, gjvhstglfogÿj, gjjmvfogÿj hto… pmr mtrm if`m juhstrms hdpihf`ms `hsfrrmiifj sus omdphth omdphthjogfs, jogfs, dh`gfjth if ofpfogtfogÿj omjstfjth quh jmsmtrms ihs mtmrlfdms, f`gogmjfi jm jms s lustf m mtmrlfr tmrlfr futmjmdäf y futm `hsfrrmiim, pfrf quh hiims orhzofj f jgvhi prmchsgmjfi y smogfi. Umr im lhjhrfi oufj`m oufj`m mcrhohdms uj shrvgogm fi oighjth, sghdprh sh dhjogmjf if cuj cujogm ogmjf jfig` ig`f` f` `hi ofp ofpgtf gtfii bu budfj dfjms, ms, puh puhs s hii hiims ms smj hj uit uitgdf gdfs s ims hjofrlf`ms `h lhstgmjfr y `fr rhspuhstf f ifs smigogtu`hs `hi oighjth.

 

Hj if fo fotuf tufig` ig`f` f` omj omjtfd tfdms ms omj >.5 >.555 55 hdp hdpihf ihf`m `ms s `gs `gstrg trgnug nug`m `ms s hj ifs ærh ærhfs fs f`dgjgstrf f`dgj gstrftgvfs tgvfs,, mphr mphrfogmj fogmjhs, hs, gjvhs gjvhstglfo tglfogÿj gÿj y `hsf `hsfrrmiim rrmiim,, ofig` ofig`f`, f`, shrv shrvgogm gogm fi oigh oighjt jth, h, sh shrv rvgo gogm gms s lh lhjh jhrf rfih ihs s y sh shlu lurg rg`f `f`. `.

Of Ofnh nh rh rhsf sfit itfr fr qu quh h jm sm smim im

cmdhjtfdm cmdh jtfdms s hj juhstrms trf trfnfaf` nfaf`mrhs mrhs if hcgof hcgofogf ogf imlrm imlrms s `h rhsuitf` rhsuitf`ms ms hj if omdpföäf, sgjm quh tfdngçj cmdhjtfdms thdfs rhifogmjf`ms omj1 

Pghdpm omj if cfdgigf.



Orhogdghjtm phrsmjfi.



Orhogdghjtm _mogfi y homjÿdgom.



Ofpfogtfogÿj y `hsfrrmiim.



^horhfogÿj y sfiu`.

>.3Juhstrf Juhstrf Hstruoturf mrlfjgzfogmjfi. mrlfjgzfogmjfi. >.3

LH^HJPH LHJH^FI

Lhrhjth `h @hpfrtfdhjtms

 F`dgjgstrfogÿj  F`dgjgstrfo gÿj Ofig`f` 

^hoursms Budfjms Cgjfjzfs y Jÿdgjf.

Lhrhjth `h ærhfs Imläsof

Dfjthjgdghjtm

 

Gjvhstglfogÿj y @hsfrrmiim

Oighjth

>. 6,>,? ,? y 0 Omdphthjogfs @gjædgom, ^hspmjsfnih, shrvgogfi, nuhjf omdujgofogÿj.

`hi phrcgi.

  s   f Föms `h   h   r hxphrghjogf1     Æ   h    `   h    t Fotgvg`f`hs f   j   h `hshdphöfr    r   h    L

^hqugsgtms Oursms y

Hjtrh 6 y 8 föms `h hxphrghjogf hj rmihs lhrhjogfihs.

   

^hspmjsfnih `hi nuhj cujogmjfdghjtm `h ifs mphrfogmjhs. Lhstgmjf y ommr`gjf tm`ms ims shrvgogms dhjsufihs. dhjsufihs. Omjtrmif y ig`hrf gjomjvhjgh gjomjvhjghjths jths quh suraf surafj j hj if mphrf mphrfogÿj. ogÿj. Hifnmrfogÿj `h gjcmrdhs fi Lhrhjth Lhjhrfi.

Urmchsgmjfi hj f`dgjgstrfogÿj `h hdprhsfs m Gjl. gj`ustrgfi, prhchrgnih omj hsphogfigzfogÿj hj `grhoogÿj `h mphrfogmjhs.  _hrvgogm fi oighjth  Lhstgÿj `h rhoursms.

 Ig`hrfzlm, smiuogÿj `h prmnihdfs hto… Ofpfogtfogmjhs Omdphthjogfs Gjjmvf`mr, ofpfog`f` `h fjæigsgs, ig`hrfzlm, omdujgofogÿj y trfnfam

 

`hi phrcgi.

hj hqugpm, rhoursgvg`f`.

Föms `h hxphrghjogf1

Hjtrh 6 y 8 föms `h hxphrghjogf hj shrvgogm fi oighjth



   ) Fotgvg`f`hs f    M `hshdphöfr     L    (   m   v    g    t   f   r   h   p    M^hqugsgtms   r   m    t   s Oursms y   h    LOfpfogtfogmjhs

  

Ofjfigzfogÿj `h ims rhquhrgdghjtms `hi oighjth. Lhstgmjfr y rhsmivhr gjomjvhjghjths pmr pfrth `h ims usufrgms. Ommr`gjfr h gjcmrdfr ims shrvgogms hjtrh Hdprhsf/Oighjth Hifnmrfogÿj `h gjcmrdhs fi LM iä`hr.

Omdphthjogfs

Hstu`gfjth `h prgdhrms shdhstrhs hj ujgvhrsg`f`, omj omjmogdghjtms hj Hxohi, nfshs `h `ftms.  _hrvgogm fi oighjth  Lhstgÿj `hi oighjth.  _miuogmjhs h g`hfs pfrf oighjths.  Shjtfs y pmsvhjtfs.  Gjlihs hj ims jgvhihs 6,>,? y 0 Omdujgofogÿj, fjæigsgs `h prmnihdfs, rhoursgvg`f`, trfnfam hj

`hi phrcgi.

hqugpm, rhspmjsfngig`f`, omdprmdgsm.

>.2Xngofogÿj `hi jhlmogm. Hstfdms ungof`ms hj if ogu`f` `h Nmlmtæ hj if ofiih >3 Jª 68->5, ohrof fi fhrmpuhrtm hi `mrf`m. Hstf ungofogÿj cuh hstrftçlgof pmr hi træcgom quh `gfrgfdhjth tghjh hi fhrmpuhrtm. W pmr ifs omdpföäf quh fiiä hstæj ungof`fs.

OFUGPXIM ? ?. OMJ_M OMJ_MIG@ IG@FOG FOGMJ MJ @ @H H IF IF HDU^H HDU^H_F _F ?.6@gfljÿstgom Omdhrogfi Hi prmpÿsgt prmpÿsgtm m `h juhs juhstrm trm fjæ fjæigsg igsgs s omdhr omdhrogf ogfii hs

pm` pm`hr hr `hthr `hthrdgj dgjfr fr if

pmsgogÿj quh quh thjhdms hj hi dhrof`m, y juhstrm lrf`m ` `h h omdphtgtgvg`f` crhjth f juh juhstr strms ms omdp omdphtg htg`mr `mrhs. hs. Mtrm Mtrms s puj pujtms tms gdp gdpmrt mrtfjt fjths hs quh

if lhrhj lhrhjogf ogf `h

 

IMUBH IMU BH^ ^

qug qughrh hrh trftf trftfrr hs if rhj rhjtfn tfngig` gig`f` f` `h ims shrv shrvgog gogms ms quh fot fotufi ufidh dhjth jth

mcrhoh, if `gspmjgngig`f` `h orhfr juhvms shrvgogms y prmdmogmjhs, fsä dgsdm hvfiufr ifs dñitgpihs pmsgngig`f`hs quh jms mcrhoh hi cuturm.  Fotufidhjth omjtfdms omj 0 shrvgogms quh cuhrmj `gshöf`ms hj nfsh f ifs jhohsg`f`hs `hi oighjth. Hstms ouftrm shrvgogms hstf `gshöf` `gshöf`ms ms `h fouhr fouhr`m `m f uj hstu`gm hstu`gm `h

smj`hm quh rhfigzfdms f dæs `h 65.555 phrsmjfs hj ifs quh

sh ihs omjsuitfrmj ½Vuç hs im quh dæs ihs `gslustf `hi trfjspmrth pñnigom=, ½W quç ihs Ufrhoh Ufr hohräf räf if g`h g`hf f `h quh hxgst hxgstghr ghrf f ujf hdp hdprhs rhsf f prg prgvf` vf`f f

quh sup supigh ighrf rf sus

jhohsg`f`hs `h dmvgig`f` y f`gogmjfi omjtrgnuyhrf f oug`fr hi dh`gm fdnghjth= Hstms cuhrmj ims rhsuitf`ms1

Hi Uifj hstrftçlgom pfrf hi trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms `h IMUBH^, omjstgtuyh uj dfrom `h rhchrhjogf hj hi quh sh mrlfjgzfj ifs fotufogmjhs omjaujtfs `h tm`m hi shotmr shotmr,, fyu` fyu`æj` æj`mjm mjms s f orhfr sh shrvg rvgogm ogms s `h ofig ofig`f` `f`

y

quh om omjtr jtrgnu gnuyfj yfj f

 

sftgscfohr f sus `gchrhjths tgpms `h oighjths. Ufrf ims prÿxgdms ogjom föms if omdpföäf qughrh fiofjzfr su dm`hrjgzfogÿj y, omj hiim, uj pmsgogmjfdghjtm omdphtgtgvm. Hstfdms figjhf`m hstrftçlgofdhjth ims p prm`uotms rm`uotms `h if hdprhsf hj nfsh f ims rhs rhsuit uitf`m f`ms s `h ifs hjou hjouhst hstfs fs `h smj smj`hm `hm,,

pfr pfrf f pm` pm`hr hr mcrho mcrhohr  hr 

prm`uotms y shrvgogms quh shfj omdphtgtgvms dh`gfjth ujf omrrhotf utgigzfogÿj `h juhstrms dçtm`ms y tçojgofs omdhrogfihs. If pifj pifjhf hfo ogÿj gÿj `h ifs ifs vh vhjt jtfs fs `h ju juhs hstr trf f om omdp dpfö föäf äf hs hstæ tæ f of ofrl rlm m

`h `hii

`hpfrtfdhjtm `h Lhstgÿj Mphrftgvf (LM), qughjhs ofjfigzfj ifs smigogtu`hs ` `h h ims oig oighjt hjths hs pmr dh` dh`gms gms prh prhshj shjogf ogfihs ihs,, thi thihcÿ hcÿjgo jgoms ms h gjt gjthrj hrjht, ht, fii fiiää tm`ms tm`ms ims rhquhr rhq uhrgdg gdghjt hjtms ms smj fthj` fthj`g`m g`ms s `h dfjh dfjhrf rf gjdh` gjdh`gft gftf, f,

fsä dgs dgsdm dm smj ims

hjofrlf` hjof rlf`ms ms `h if o ommr`g mmr`gjfogÿ jfogÿj j hjtrh h hii oighjt oighjth h y if hdpr hdprhsf( hsf( p phrsmj hrsmjfs fs (fs (fs)) quh vfj f prhstfr hi shrvgogm). Omd Omdm m ifs vhjtfs om omjstgtuyhj jstgtuyhj if cuhjth prgjo prgjogpfi gpfi `h gjlrhsm gjlrhsms s hom homjÿdgo jÿdgoms, ms,

sh bf mrlfj mrlfjgzf` gzf`m m `h d dfjhr fjhrf f hcgo hcgofz fz if ccuhrzf uhrzf `h

vhjtfs, pfrf quh quh puh`fj `fr rhspuhstf ’ofsg— qu quh h gjdh`gftf fi oighjth. Umr mtrm if`m if`m

if ifs s pmi pmiät ätgo gofs fs `h vh vhjt jtfs fs hs hstæ tæj j cga cgaf` f`fs fs `h fo fouh uhr` r`m m

f if hst hstru ruot otur urf f

mrlfjgzftgvf `h if omdpföäf; y pfrf `frih omjtgjug`f` f juhstrms prmohsms, ims LM°s (Lhstmrhs Mphrftgvms) s sh h hstæj of ofpfogtfj`m pfogtfj`m omjstfjthdhjth hj thdfs `h shrvgogm fi oighjth, hstrfthlgfs `h vhjtfs, lhstgÿj `hi oighjth, fthjogÿj f smigogtu`hs hto. Ims hstu`gms `h dhrof`hm, smj mtrf `h juhstrfs bhrrfdghjtfs prgjogpfihs, hi mnahtg mna htgvm vm `h hst hstms ms hstu` hstu`gms gms hs pm pm`hr `hr imlr imlrfr fr uj `gflj `gfljÿst ÿstgom gom omdh omdhrog rogfi fi

pfr pfrf f

g`hjtgcgof g`hjt gcgofrr sg if mrlf mrlfjgzfo jgzfogÿj gÿj puh`h m jm prmlrh prmlrhsfr sfr prmpm prmpmjghj jghj`m `m ujf juhvf cmrdf `h mrlfjgzfogÿj y omdhrogfigzfogÿj omj gjjmvfogÿj hstrftçlgof.

 

Hj ñitgdfs juhstrm prgjogpfi mnahtgvm hj hstf ærhf, hs trfnfafr omj uj dfymr  lr lrf` f`m m `h oh ohrth rthzf zf hj if `h `hcg cgjg jgog ogÿj ÿj `h `hii pifj pifj om omdh dhro rogf gfii `h if mr mrlf lfjg jgzf zfog ogÿj ÿj.. @hthrdgjfj`m ifs cmrtfihzfs y `hngig`f`hs prmpgfs `h if mrlfjgzfogÿj y `hi prm`uotm, f ims hchotms `h `gshöfr ujf nuhjf hstrfthlgf omdphtgtgvf. Omjtfr  omj hihdhjtms cgrdhs quh phrdgtfj trfnfafr omj uj oghrtm lrf`m `h ohrtg`udnrh rhspho rhs photm tm f ims mn mnaht ahtgvm gvms s omd omdhro hrogfi gfihs hs pif pifjth jthf`m f`ms. s. W smn smnrh rh tm` tm`m m qu quhrh hrhdms dms fudhjtfr if prmnfngig`f` `h çxgtm hj if mrlfjgzfogÿj.  Filujms pujtms gdpmrtfjths @gfljmstgom Omdhrogfi gdpmrtfjths pfrf hi @gfljmstgom Ims prgjogpfihs pfsms quh bfj shlug`m ims flhjths hj if prhpfrfogÿj `hi Uifj omdhrogfi sh puh`hj rhsudgr hj ims trhs sglughjths1 



G`hjtgcgofr ims cfotmrhs orätgoms quh fchotfj fi shotmr `hi trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms @hcgjgr ifs prgjogpfihs cmrtfihzfs, `hngig`f`hs, mpmrtujg`f`hs y fdhjfzfs quh fchotfj fi shotmr.



Hj cujogÿj `h ims `ms pujtms fjthrgmrhs, hstfnihohr uj prmlrfdf `h dh`g`fs quh sh omjorhtfj hj hi Uifj hstrftçlgom.

’Hi çxgtm m crfofsm `h ujf hdprhsf `hphj`h `h if lhstgÿj `h sus rhoursms quh rhfigohj ims `grhotgvms, qughjhs smj ims rhspmjsfnihs `h ims rhsuitf`ms quh hstæ  prhshjth— Fihxfj`hr  prhshjth—  Fihxfj`hr Dfurgogm Ofrfnfiim Ofrfnfiim Ufyfrhs Ufyfrhs (  (Hudh`.jht->56? Hudh`.jht->56?))

?.> @gfljÿstgom F`dgjgstrftgvm.

Hi mnahtgvm `h juhstrm juhstrm `gfljmstgom hdprhs hdprhsfrgfi frgfi m f`dgjgstrftgvm hs pm`hr  cmrtfihohr cmrtfi hohr tm`fs omdphth omdphthjogfs jogfs omj quh ouhj ouhjtf tf ImUB ImUBh^, h^, hjof hjofdgjæj dgjæj`mifs `mifs y

 

figj figjhæ hæj` j`mi mifs fs f ims ims mn mnah ahtg tgvm vms s hs hstr trft ftçl çlgo goms ms,, if dg dgsg sgÿj ÿj y if vgs gsgÿ gÿj j qu quh h sh hstfnihoghrmj fi dmdhjtm `h gjgogfr if hdprhsf. Ufrf Uf rf pm`h `hrr bfo fohr hr hst sth h tg tgp pm `h `gf `gflj ljÿ ÿstgo stgom m, hs jh jho ohs hsfr frgm gm bfo fohr hr ujf gjtrmsphoogÿj mrlfjgzfogmjfi, pfrf fyu`frjms f ourfr y prhvhjgr oufiqughr tgpm `h cfiifs quh puh`fj puh`fj fchotfr f if h hdprhsf, dprhsf, omdm tm`fs ifs mrlfjgzfogmjhs im quh nusofdm nusofdms s hs

f` f`hou houfr, fr, dhamr dhamrfr fr y fot fotufi ufigzf gzfrr tm` tm`f f ju juhst hstrf rf hs hstru truotu oturf rf

mrlfjgzfo mrlf jgzfogmjfi gmjfi,, cmrtfi cmrtfihoghj hoghj`m `m of`f `äf juhstrms prmoh prmohsms sms y hvgtfj`m quh ims ofdngm `h hjtmrjm hxthrjm, omdm im smj hi dhrof`m, jm iihluhj f lhjhrfr  prmnih prm nihdfs dfs omy omyujt ujturf urfihs ihs f dh` dh`gfj gfjm m y ifr ifrlm lm pifz pifzm. m.

Hi hstu hstu`gm `gm `h if pfr pfrth th

mrlfjgzfogmjfi hj if omdpföäf ImUBh^ hs oifvh, pfrf bfohr shlugdghjtm hj of`f ujm `h ims prmohsms, prmohsms, y hj of`f ujf `h ims `h `hpfrtfdhjtms pfrtfdhjtms quh omjcmrdfj if mrlfjgzf mrlfjgzfogÿ ogÿj, j,

pmr hstf rfz rfzÿj ÿj sh prm prmpus pusm m fjt fjth h if aujtf `grh `grhotg otgvf vf quh sh

bgoghrfj hvfiufogmjhs phrgÿ`gofs f ims `hpfrtfdhjtms, omj hi cgj `h `hthotfr  pmsgnihs cfiifs y bfohr pifjhs `h foogÿj quh ourhj `h cmrdf phrdfjhjth y `urf`hrf if cfihjogf hjomjtrf`f.  Filujms pujtms quh omjsg`hrfdms cmoms prgjogpfihs `h fchotfogÿj f if hdprhsf1

Ifs iäjhfs `h futmrg`f` y prmohsms `h omjtrmi. Xjm `h ims prgjogpfihs thdmrhs quh jms surlh hj if hdprhsf, hs hi hstfnihogdghjtm `h ifs iäjhfs `h dfj`m, yf quh hstm hs omdm hi sgsthdf jhrvgmsm `hi ouhrpm budfjm, sg filñj

 

ogrougtm jhurmtrfjsdgsmr cfiif, cfiif, hs iÿlgom quh filujf ærhf ærhf hsphoäcgof `h if mrlfjgzfogÿj sh `hthjlf fchotfj fchotfj`m `m f ifs `hdæs ærhfs ærhfs.. Hi pmsgnih pifj `h foogÿj quh sh puh`h gdpihdhjtfr higdgjfr hsth phiglrm, hs orhfj`m ofjfihs `h omdujgofogÿj hchotgvms hchotgvms quh phrdgtfj quh if omdujgofogÿj ` `h h iä`hr f hdpihf`m shf im dæs oifrf pmsgnih, fsä dgsdm dg sdm sh ih bflf uj shlugdghjtm f ims äj`gohs `h gjcmrdfogÿj quh if hdprhsf dfjhaf.

`h h of`f `hpfrtfdhjtm `hpfrtfdhjtm y su lhstgÿj. lhstgÿj. Cujogmjhs ` Duobfs vhohs oufj`m ifs cujogmjhs hj ujf omdpföäf jm hstæj `hcgjg `hc gjg`fs `fs,, suh suhih ih ofu ofusf sfrr `hd `hdfsg fsgf`f f`f omj omjcus cusgÿj gÿj,, `hn `hng`m g`m f quh jgjlñj `hpfrtfdhjtm sfnh f oghjogf oghrtf quç hs im quh ihs omrrhspmj`h. Hj ImUBh^ `äf f `äf gjvhstglfdms if dfjhrf `h bfoh bf ohrr qu quh h if

qu quh h tm` tm`m m sh shf f om omdm dm h hjl jlrf rfjf jfah ahs s `h uj rhi rhima ma,,

juhstrm pifj `h foogÿj foogÿj f hstm hs h hii dfjufi `h cujogmj cujogmjhs hs pmr `hpfrtfdhjtms, hj `mj`h sh hstfnihoh hi tgpm `h fotgvg`f`hs quh of`f ærhf `hnh rhfigzfr y su omjhxgÿj omj ifs `hdæs ærhf `h trfnfam. F`gogmjf F`gogmjfii hifnmrfdms prmohsms quh sh hjouhjtrfj hjouhjtrfj `mo `moudhjt udhjtms ms y quh jms fyu` fyu`fj fj f lhjhrfr uj omjtrm omjtrmii f tm`f if omdpföäf.

 Fthjogÿj mpmrtujf f ifs smigogtu`hs `h ims oighjths. oighjths. Juhstrm throhr cmom prgjogpfi, hs if rhspuhstf ælgi f ims oighjths. Bmy hj `äf, `hng`m f ifs juhvfs thojmimläfs `h

 

if omdujgofogÿj y if gjcmrdfogÿj, smdms omjsoghjths `h quh ifs rhpuhstfs y fthjogÿj f ifs smigogtu`hs `hi oighjth sh `hnhj bfohr `h if dfjhrf dæs ræpg`f, hcgofz y hchotgvf pmsgnih. pmsgnih. Im omjsg`hrfdms ujf cfiif pmsgnih, `hng`f f quh sg jm `fdms oudpigdghjtm `h dfjhrf mpmrtujf f ims oighjths, jm smim hstfrhdms phr`ghj`m f uj oighjth, sgjm hstfrhdms phr`ghj`m orh`gngig`f`. Juhstrm pifj `h foogÿj `h hsth prmohsm hs hi shlugdghjtm gjstfjtæjhm pmr pfrth `h ims iä`hrhs, if cmdhjtfogÿj `hi trfnfam hj hqugpm y if ofpfogtfogÿj omjstfjth `h juhstrms lhstmrhs mphrftgvms.

Dfjham f`houf`m `h ims rhoursms dfthrgfihs `h if omdpföäf. If cgjfig`f` `h ims rhoursms dfthrgfihs pfrf juhstrf omdpföäf, hs fyu fyu`fr `frjms jms f lhj lhjhrf hrfrr shr shrvgo vgogms gms,, pfr pfrf f Im ImUBh UBh^, ^, if prg prgjog jogpfi pfi cuhjth dfthrgfi smj sus vhbäouims, ims oufihs smj ims hjofrlf`ms `h

om omd dpmj mjh hr

if pfr frth th cä cäs sgof gof

`h `hii

sh shrv rvgo gogm gm pr prhs hstf tfdm dms, s, im

omjsg`hrf omjs g`hrfdms dms om omjm jm uj cm cmom om prg prgjogpf jogpfii pfrf h hii `gflj `gfljÿstgo ÿstgom m f`dgj f`dgjgstrft gstrftgvm, gvm, yf quh qu h sg sh ih `f uj dfi dfj dfjha ham m f hs hsth th tgp tgpm m `h hih hihdh dhjt jtms ms,,

jm smi smifd fdhj hjth th

pm`hdms `fr uj dfi shrvgogm f juhstrms oighjths, sgjm quh pm`rhdms hstfr  lhjhrf lhj hrfj`m j`m uj smn smnrh rh oms omstms tms quh duy prm prmnf nfnih nihdhj dhjth th jm pm` pm`fdm fdms s ou ounrgr nrgr.. Juhstrm pifj `h foogÿj pfrf oug`fr y dfjthjhr juhstrms rhoursms dfthrgfihs, hs hi dfjthjgdghjtm prhvhjtgvm `h tm`ms ims hqugpms (vhbäouims, omdputf`mrfs, gdprhs gdp rhsmrf mrfs, s, duh duhnih nihs s

y hs hspfo pfogms gms cäs cäsgom goms) s)

dgj dgjgdg gdgzfj zfj`m `m su `ht `hthrg hrgmrm mrm

lfrfjtgzfj`m hi 655% 655% `h cujogmjfngig`f`, pfrf juhstrms oighjth oighjths s y hdpihf`ms.

Dfjham `hi tfihjtm budfjm `hjtrm `h if omdpföäf.

y

 

Hi tfihjtm budfjm, hs if nfsh `h tm`fs ifs hdprhsfs, sg hsth pmthjogfi, jgjlñj suhöm su höm hdp hdprhs rhsfrg frgfi fi sh bfr bfräf äf rhf rhfig` ig`f`. f`. Ufr Ufrf f ImU ImUBh^ Bh^ su ofp ofpgtf gtfii bud budfjm fjm hs cu cuj` j`fd fdhj hjtf tfi, i, hs hstm tm im pm pm`h `hdm dms s vh vhrr rh rhcih cihaf af`m `m hj if dgsgÿ dgsgÿj j y vgsg vgsgÿj ÿj `h if omdpfö omd pföäf, äf, hj `mj `mj`h `h

sh `hs `hstfo tfof f iif f gd gdpmr pmrtfj tfjogf ogf `h omj omjtfr tfr om omj j

phr phrsmj smjfi fi

ofpfogtf`m, hstfnih y omjthjtm omj hi pfphi quh `hshdphöf hj if mrlfjgzfogÿj. Hsth Hst h qu qugzæ gzæs s puh`h iih iihlfr lfr f sh shrr uj cfot cfotmr mr prgjo prgjogpf gpfii

pf pfrf rf quh ujf hdprh hdprhsf sf

`hoigjh1 rmtfogÿj fitm `h phrsmjfi, phrsmjfi, nfam `hshdphö `hshdphöm, m, dfi shrvgogm fi oighjth, cfitf `h omdpfö omdpföhrgs hrgsdm, dm, dfi oigdf ifnm ifnmrfi rfi hjtr hjtrh h mtr mtrms, ms, smj cfotmrhs cfotmrhs rhfi rhfihs hs

quh

puh`hj puh` hj iihlfr f ofusf ofusfrr pçr`g`fs ho homjÿdg mjÿdgofs ofs y uj sgj cgj `h gjomdm`g gjomdm`g`f`h `f`hs. s. Juhstrm pifj `h foogÿj, hs dfjthjhr uj omjstfjth fofdpfdghjtm f juhstrm ofpgtfi ofpg tfi bud budfjm, fjm, m mcrhogç crhogçj`mi j`mihs hs nhj nhjhcgo hcgogms, gms, of ofpfogt pfogtfogÿj fogÿj,, dmtgv dmtgvfogÿ fogÿj j y pm`h pm`hr  r  lhjhrfr hsh hdpm`hrfdghjtm quh fyu`f f if hdprhsf f shlugr f`hifjth.

Uujtms gdpmrtfjths pfrf hi @gfljmstgom F`dgjgstrftgvm. Ims pgifrhs næsgoms hj ims quh sh fpmyf, smj ims sglughjths1 

If omdujgofogÿj omdujgofogÿj omdm m mnahtgvm nahtgvm hxpiäogtm hj tm`fs ifs æ ærhfs rhfs y shrvgogms `hi trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms.

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If fpuhstf pmr if ofig`f`, omdm omdprmdgsm pfrf dhamrfr if sftgscfoogÿj `h ifs jhohsg`f`hs `h tm`ms ims oighjths



If vgsgÿj gjthlrfi `hi trfjspmrth, `mj`h hi shotmr `h pfsfahrms, hs uj hihdhjtm gjthlrf`mr `h if dæxgdf gdpmrtfjogf.

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If gdpmrtfjo gdpmrtfjogf gf `hi trfnf trfnfam am hj hqug hqugpm, pm, y ims pifj pifjhs hs `h dhamr dhamrf f quh sh `hnhj hstfnihohr prhvgfdhjth pfrf prhvhjgr cfiifs hj ims prmohsms.

 

?.? @gfljmstgom Pçojgom If pfrth tçojgof, tçojgof, hs uj ædngtm `h duob duobf f gdpmrtfj gdpmrtfjogf ogf pfrf if omdpf omdpföäf, öäf, puhstm puhs tm quh

hiim jm jms s fyu` fyu`f f f g`hj g`hjtgcgof tgcgofrr cfotm cfotmrhs rhs quh jms ph phrdgthj rdgthj ggjjmv jjmvfr fr h

gjvhstglf gjvh stglfrr if dfjh dfjhrf rf `h prm`u prm`uogr ogr dham dhamrhs rhs shrv shrvgogms gogms pfrf juhs juhstrms trms usufrgms usufrgms..  Fotufidhjth omjtfdms omj uj prmlrfdf

`h dh`g`fs `h gjjmvfogÿj y

`hsfrrmiim quh `h fouhr`m omj hi pifjthfdghjtm pifjthfdghjtm gjoiug`m pmr ImUB ImUBh^, h^, bfnræ `h omj`uogr, tm`ms ims shrvgogms quh mcrhohdms `grhotfdhjth f if dm`hrjgz dm`hrjgzfogÿj fogÿj `hi shotmr y f ujf dhamrf sgljgcgoftgvf `h su hcgoghjogf.

@hjt @h jtrm rm `h hs hsf f vgsg vgsgÿj ÿj gjth gjthlr lrfi fi f if qu quh h sh bf bfoh oh rh rhch chrh rhjo jogf gf sh bf omjsg`hrf`m quh If hstruoturf hdprhsfrgfi hs hi cfotmr dæs rhihvfjth f if bmrf `h Um`hr hstfnihohr hi foohsm f if prmchsgÿj y fomdhthr pifjhs `h cmrdfogÿj quh qu h jm jms s ph phrd rdgtf gtfj j `h `hsf sfrr rrmi miif ifrr ju juhv hvfs fs df dfjh jhrf rfs s `h bf bfoh ohrr ii iihl hlfr fr ju juhs hstr trms ms

 

shrvgogms f ims oighjths.

Fotufidhjth fi föm >568 b bfohdms fohdms usm `h ifs rh` rh`hs hs

smogfihs, smog fihs, omdm bhrr bhrrfdghj fdghjtf tf hj if omdh omdhrogfi rogfigzfo gzfogÿj gÿj y prmdm prmdmogÿj ogÿj `h juhstr juhstrms ms shrvgogms. Hsphrfdms quh f uj cuturm jm duy ihafjm pm`fdms Gdpifjtfr ifs juhvfs juh vfs thoj thojmim mimläf läfs s y dha dhamrf mrfrr if gdf gdflhj lhj `hi sh shotm otmr, r, sgl sglugh ughj`m j`m

ifs nuhj nuhjfs fs

præotgofs y fprmvhobfr if gjcmrdfogÿj y ims rhoursms dfthrgfihs y budfjms omdm figf`ms hstrftçlgoms. Juhstrm cfotmrhs `h `hsfrrmiim hj if pfrth tçojgof `h juhstrms shrvgogms hs `h lrfj lrf j gdp gdpmrt mrtfjo fjogf, gf,

y juh juhstr strfs fs dhtfs `h fdp fdpigfr igfr ims shrv shrvgog gogms ms `h iml imläst ästgof gof y

omjtfr omj dçtm`ms `h omdhrogfigzfogÿj fvfjzf`ms, yf hs ujf dhtf f ifrlm pifzm, pmr supuhstm supuhstm prmdmvghj`m if hxpfjsgÿj hxth hxthrgmr rgmr `h if hdprhsf. Juhvfs thojmimläfs Ofsg hi 75% `h ims trfjspmrtf`mrhs omjsg`hrf quh, hj uj cuturm pr prÿx ÿxgd gdm, m, sf sfnh nhrr sf sfof ofrr prmv prmvho hobm bm `h ifs ifs th thoj ojmi miml mläf äfs s `h if gjcmrdfogÿj shræ rhqugsgtm pfrf if shihoogÿj `hi trfjspmrtgstf, hs jhohsfrgf ujf dfymr gjvhrsgÿj hj thojmimläf `h ims vhbäouims omdm pmr hahdpim1 mr`hjf`mr dÿvgi f nmr`m `hi vhbäouim, sgsthdfs LU_ y L_D pfrf if imofigzfog imofigzfogÿj ÿj y mptgdgzfo mptgdgzfogÿj gÿj `h cimtfs, htoç htoçthrf. thrf. F`hdæs F`hdæs `h omjm omjmohr ohr h gdpifjtfr ifs juhvfs thojmimläfs, hsth tgpm `h fvfjohs jms phrdgth fudhjtfr  ims shrvgogms f`gogmjfihs y dhamrfr hi omsth y if i f ofig`f` `h `gobms shrvgogms. Uujtms gdpmrtfjths pfrf hi @gfljmstgom Pçojgom. Hi shotmr `hi trfjspmrth y if imlästgof fpmrtfræ if oifvh pfrf hi `hsfrrmiim `hi cuturm omdhrogm hihotrÿjgom, `gchrhjogfj`m trhs shldhjtms omdpihdhjtfrgms `hi shotmr1

 



Hi mphrf`mr Limnfi, ouyf omnhrturf thj`ræ ofpfog`f` gjthrjfogmjfi gjoiug`m hi fidfohjfdghjtm y `gstrgnuogÿj.



Mphrf`mr Ofpgifr, omj ofpfog`f` pfrf fthj`hr ujf rh` jfogmjfi `h rhomlg`fs y hjtrhlfs.



Mphrf`mr `h Lhstgÿj `hi _hrvgogm, hjofrlf`m `h rhfigzfr mphrfogmjhs `h vfimr föf`g`m hj if dfjgpuifogÿj y trftfdghjtm `h prm`uotm, `hi pfsfahrm y `hi shrvgogm omdhrogm hihotrÿjgom.

Omdm hdprhj`h`mrhs, quhrhdms omdpfrtgr filujms `ftms quh omjsg`hrfdms Ifs oifvhs oifvhs hj hi çxgtm hdprhsfrgfi. Næsgofdhjth, quh sh vhj rhcihaf`fs h hj j ims sglughjths pujtms y hstf fpigof`fs f if omdpföäf, omdm hihdhjtms quh jms fyu`fj f orhohr hj ims fsphotms homjÿdgoms, smogfihs, fdnghjtfihs, ouiturfihs y budfjms. 

Xj ræpg`m foohsm fi dhrof`m.



Hi usm `h thojmimläfs pujtf.



If `gspmsgogÿj `h lrfj`hs nfshs `h oighjths.



Hi dfrkhtgjl ’ujm f ujm— (f if dh`g`f).



If higdgjfogÿj `h ims omsths `hrgvf`ms `h if ’jm hsphogfigzfogÿj—.



Hi tr træj æjsg sgtm tm `h `hs` s`h h uj sgst sgsthd hdf f `h om omdp dpht hthj hjog ogf f hj hjtr trh h hd hdpr prhs hsfs fs `h trfjspmrth f uj sgsthdf `h omdphthjogf hjtrh of`hjfs imlästgofs.

 

Mcrhohr hstms shrvgogms quh prmpmrogmjhj vfimr föf`g`m fi oighjth  Fitf omjohjtrfogÿj `h if cfoturfogÿj hj ims prgjogpfihs lrupms hdprhsfrgfihs quh omjtrfstf omj hi hihvf`äsgdm jñdhrm `h hdprhsfs quh mphrfj hj çi.

 



Nusofr homjmdäfs `h hsofif ? Gjvhrsgmjhs hj ofpgtfi cgam y thojmimläf



Hxpfjsgÿj hxthrgmr y limnfigzfogÿj

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Gjvhrsgmjhs hj ofpgtfi budfjm (cmrdfogÿj)

?.0 @gfljmstgom Jmrdftgvm. Hi Gomjtho rftgcgoÿ if jmrdf JPO 8>53 smnrh vhbäouims pfrf hi trfjspmrth thrrhstrh `h pfsfahrms quh hstfnihoh ims rhqugsgtms hj shlurg`f`, omdm`g`f`, `gshöm, mphrftgvg`f` y `hdæs omj`gogmjhs næsgofs y omdpihdhjtfrgfs pfrf uj nuhj nuh j sh shrvg rvgogm ogm f ims usuf usufrgm rgms s omi omimdn mdngfj gfjms. ms. If jm jmrdf rdf sh nfs nfsf f tfj tfjtm tm hj if jmrdftgvg`f` gjthrjfogmjfi omdm hj ifs jhohsg`f`hs `hi pfäs. If JPO 8>53 shræ mnahtm `h trfnfam pmr pfrth `hi Dgjgsthrgm `h Prfjspmrth omj hi cgj `h hdgtgr  uj rhl rhlifd ifdhjt hjtm m tço tçojgo jgom m rhs rhspho photm tm f if cfn cfnrgo rgofog fogÿj ÿj `h ims vh vhbäo bäouim uims s pfr pfrf f hi trfjspmrth thrrhstrh `h pfsfahrms hj Omimdngf. @horhtm 6556 Frtäouim 8µ. Prfjspmrth prgvf`m. @h fouhr`m omj hi frtäouim 8µ `h if Ihy ??3 `h 6773, trfjspmrth prgvf`m hs fquhi quh tghj`h f sftgscfohr  jhohsg`f`hs `h dmvgigzfogÿj `h phrsmjfs m omsfs `hjtrm `hi ædngtm `h ifs fotgvg`f`hs hxoiusgvfs `h ifs phrsmjfs jfturfihs m aurä`gofs. Oufj`m jm sh utgigoh utg igohj j hqu hqugpm gpms s prm prmpgm pgms, s, if omj omjtrf trftfo tfogÿj gÿj `hi shr shrvgo vgogm gm `h trf trfjsp jspmrt mrth h `hn `hnhræ hræ rhfigz rhf igzfrs frsh h omj hdp hdprhs rhsfs fs `h trf trfjsp jspmrt mrth h pñn pñnigo igom m ihl ihlfid fidhjt hjth h omj omjstg stgtug tug`fs `fs y `hng`fdhjth bfngigtf`fs.

Ifs hdprhsfs `h trfjspmrth, pmr shr phrsmjfs aurä`gofs smj flhjths `h rhthjogÿj, `h omjcmrdg`f` omj hi frtäouim ?32 `hi hstftutm trgnutfrgm. tr gnutfrgm.

 

Omdm flhjths rhthjh`mrhs, ifs hdprhsfs `h trfjspmrth `hnhj oudpigr omj ifs mniglfogmjhs prmpgfs `h uj flhjth rhthjh`mr, omdm hs hchotufr ifs rhthjogmjhs hj fotms u mphrfogmjhs hj ims oufihs pmr hxprhsf `gspmsgogÿj ihlfi, `hnfj hchotufr if rhsphotgvf rhthjogÿj. @hoifrfr y omjsgljfr hi vfimr `h im rhthjg`m `urfjt `ur fjth h hi rhs rhspho photgv tgvm m phr phrgm` gm`m. m. Hxp Hxph`g h`grr ims ohr ohrtgc tgcgof gof`ms `ms `h rht rhthjo hjogÿj gÿj f ifs phrsmjfs quh ihs bunghrhj prfotgof`m rhthjogÿj. Hj oufjtm f if rhthjogÿj hj if cuhjth f if quh hstæj smdhtg`ms ims shrvgogms prhstf`ms pmr ifs hdprhsfs `h trfjspmrth, thjhdms prgdhrm quh oifsgcgofrifs hjtrh hi shrvgogm `h trfjspmrth `h ofrlf y hi shrvgogm `h trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms. Hi shrvgogm `h trfjspmrth jfogmjfi `h ofrlf, hstæ smdhtg`m f rhthjogÿj hj if cuhjth f tätuim XSP. Hi shr shrvgo vgogm gm `h trf trfjs jspmr pmrth th thr thrrhs rhstrh trh jfo jfogmj gmjfi fi `h pfs pfsfah fahrms rms,, hst hstæ æ smd smdhtg htg`m `m f rhthjogÿj hj if cuhjth f tätuim `h rhjtf, f ujf tfrgcf `hi ?.8%, y sh fpigof smnrh fquhiims pflms quh shfj glufihs m suphrgmrhs f >8 XSP. Hi shrvgogm `h trfjspmrth jfogmjfi fçrhm y dfrätgdm `h pfsfahrms, hstæ smdhtg`m f rhthjogÿj hj if cuhjth f tätuim `h rhjtf, f ujf tfrgcf `hi 6% smnrh fquhiims pflms glufihs m suphrgmrhs f 0 Xvt. Umr im lhj lhjhrf hrfi, i, ims usufr usufrgms gms `hi shr shrvgo vgogm gm `h trf trfjsp jspmrt mrth h jm smj flhjths flhjths `h rhthjogÿj, hsphogfidhjth ims usufrgms `h trfjspmrth `h pfsfahrms, pmr im quh rfrfdhjth sh ihs fpigof f hsth tgpm `h hdprhsfs.

?.8 @gfljmstgom Cgjfjoghrm

 

Ifs prgjogpfihs bgpÿthsgs quh sh bfj omjsg`hrf`m hj hi ogtf`m hstu`gm homjÿdgom quh fpfrhohj rhcihaf`fs hj ims fjæigsgs omdpfrftgvms quh sh prhshjtfj hj ifs pælgjfs sglughjths, sh `htfiifj f omjtgjufogÿj1 Gjlrhsms `h hxpimtfogÿj1

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 Omj ofræothr lhjhrfi, sh bf hstgdf`m ujf ogcrf `h jhlmogm `h RR dgiimjhs `h phsms fjufihs. Hsth gdpmrth hs hi rhsuitfjth `h fpigofr uj dfrlhj `h nhjhcgogm jhtm `hspuçs `h gdpuhstms `hi >%, Hsth dfrlhj hstæ hj iäjhf omj ims rhsuitf`ms `hi hstu`gm rhfigzf`m pmr hi Dgjgsthrgm smnrh if sgtufogÿj cgjfjoghrf `h ifs hdprhsfs `h trfjspmrth hj hi phrgm`m >56?.

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Lfstms `grhotms1 Omdnustgnih, lfstms `h phrsmjfi, omstms cgsofihs, rhstfjths

Bfy quh omjsg`hrfr mtrms fsphotms quh jm sh oufjtgcgofj, pmr shr f prgmrg gjtfjlgnihs, `hthrdgjf`ms fsphotms smj1

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Ims nhjhcgogms smogfihs `h hstfr hj hi rçlgdhj lhjhrfi `h if _hlurg`f` _mogfi, `hrgvf`ms `h if omnhrturf hj ofsm `h `hshdpihm y if cmrdfogÿj prmchsgmjfi.

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If ofpfog`f` `h lhjhrfr gjlrhsms duy pmr hjogdf `h if bgpÿthsgs pifjthf`f `hrgvf`f `h ujf dfymr hcgoghjogf jhlmogf`mrf.

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If pmsgngig`f` `h mptgdgzfr if lhstgÿj `h ims vhbgouims higdgjfj`m rhtmrjms hj vfoäm.

 

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Ims pifjthfdghjtms quh sh bfohj hj hi Uifj IMUBH^, omj rhsphotm f thdfs omdm1 Ifs mpmrtujg`f`hs `h fdpigfr ims shrvgogms imlästgoms. Hi fprmvhobfdghjtm fprmvhobfdghj tm `h gjohjtgvms cgsofihs. If gjomrpmrfogÿj `h juhvfs thojmimläfs hj if lhstgÿj `h if cimtf. If orhfogÿj `h ohjtrfihs `h omdhrogfigzfogÿj. Fprmvhobfdghjtm Fprmvhobfdghjtm `h ifs fyu`fs f if hxpfjsgÿj hxthrgmr. Htoçthrf.

Imlästgof y Omdhrogfigzfogÿj If mrlfjgzfogÿj quh bfohj `h su hxpimtfogÿj ifs hdprhsfs iä`hrhs hurmphfs y bfogf if quh thÿrgofdhjth `hnhräfj thj`hr ifs hdprhsfs hspfömifs sh frtgouif hj trhs hsifnmjhs næsgoms1

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Urmxgdg`f` omdhrogfi. If vhjtf y cfoturfogÿj `h ims shrvgogms sh rhfigzf `hs`h hi pfäs `h mrglhj `h ims ph`g`ms y ims oighjths.

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Hxpimtfogÿj ohjtrfigzf`f. If mrlfjgzfogÿj, mrlfjgzfogÿj, hi shlugdghjtm y hi omjtrmi `h ifs mphrfogmjhs smj rhfigzf`fs pmr hi ohjtrm `h hxpimtfogÿj ohjtrfi `mtf`m `h uj sgsthdf gjcmrdætgom pfrtgouifrdhjth `hsfrrmiif`m.

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Urm`uoogÿj mptgdgzf`f. If hahouogÿj `h ifs mphrfogmjhs puh`h shr rhfigzf`f, pmr oufiqughr vhbäouim `hi lrupm quh hstç ogrouifj`m hj thrrgtmrgm hurmphm, omjtrmif`m f `gstfjogf pmr hi sftçigth. Hi vhbäouim, ims omj`uotmrhs, puh`hj shr rhomdngjf`ms hj cujogÿj `h if jmrdftgvf `h tghdpms `h omj`uoogÿj y `h su `gspmjgngig`f`, pfrf sftgscfohr of`f vhz dhamr y dæs ræpg`m ifs jhohsg`f`hs `h ims oighjths.

 

’Duobfs Lrfogfs—

Ngnigmlrfcäf1

 

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NIML1 Dmtmr crgm `h hjhrläf omdnustgnih. bttp1//hjhrlgfignrhnoj.nimlspmt.omd/>557/6>/hi-dmtmr-crgm-`homdnustgmj-hxthrjf-hi.btdi

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\gkgph`gf1 Hjtmrjm Hdprhsfrgfi. bttp1//hs.wgkgph`gf.mrl/wgkg/Hjtmrjm]hdprhsfrgfi

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Pgpms`h1 Pgpms `h Hdprhsfs. bttp1//www.tgpms`h.mrl/hdprhsfs-y-jhlmogms/0-tgpms-`h-hdprhsfs/

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Dmjmlrfcäfs1 Hjtmrjm Hdprhsfrgfi. bttp1//www.dmjmlrfcgfs.omd/trfnfams8/hjthdp/hjthdp.sbtdi

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Jmrdfs FUF. bttp1//jmrdfsfpf.omd/

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bttp1//www.dmvgig`f`nml bttp1//www.dmvgig`f`nmlmtf.lmv.om/bgwhnx]f mtf.lmv.om/bgwhnx]frobgvms/fu`gm]y] robgvms/fu`gm]y]vg`hm/cg vg`hm/cg  jfi%>5ogcrfs%>5>56>.p`c  bttp1// bttp1//www.suph www.suphrsmogh`f`h rsmogh`f`hs.lmv.om/ s.lmv.om/jmtgogfs jmtgogfs/@moudhjt /@moudhjts/GJCM^DH s/GJCM^DH %>5_HOPM^%>5^HFI%>56555%> %>5_HOPM^%> 5^HFI%>56555%>5hdprhsfs%>5__ 5hdprhsfs%>5__ymtrfs ymtrfs %>5Dfym%>55>560.p`c