Proyecto Formativo-Costos Ii

 

 

QGN\A_ZN@H@ V_N\H@H @IKNGCI ZH\NI LHJQEPH@ @A JNAGJNHZ AKV_AZH_NHEAZ

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4 ENJ. ENTOAPB _IDHZ CÈE\AT

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4 JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN

AZPQ@NHGPAZ 4 MH_NKA AZJIOH_ DIZÎ JH_EIZ CH_JËH KIGPHØI ENENHG JQAEEH_ LEI_AZ

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4 JIGPH@Q_ËH VÔOENJH

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ZHGPH J_QT @A EH ZNA__H  ‚  OIEN\NH  OIEN\NH

 

JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN

NG@NJA HZVAJPIZ CAGA_HEAZ @A EH LHO_NJH   ..........................................................................................:

@atheeh eis hgtaja`agtas y `htis cagarheas `a eh akprash.  ..............................................................................:  

_uori `a su hjtnvn`h`.................................................................................................................................:

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GNP 

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Varni`i ag ae juhe sa `ashrrieeh eh prhjtnjh jigthoea  ...............................................................................:

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KH_JI PAÚ_NJI  ............................................................................................................................................0

8.  @AZJ_NVJNÚG @A EH HJPN\N@H@ V_NGJNVHE  ..............................................................................0 ?.  LQGJNIGAZ @A JH@H @AVH_PHKAGPI  ........................................................................................1 ?.8 @apti. `a H`kngnstrhjnúg 

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?.? @apti. `a Jigthonen`h`.............................................................................................................................1 ?.: @apti. `a Hekhjagas.................................................................................................................................1 ?.0 @apti. `a Vri`ujjnúg 

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:.  ZNZPAKH @A V_I@QJJNÚG JIGDQGPI  ..........................................................................................> :.8 Jigjapti 

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:.? Nkpirthgjnh 

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:.: Jhrhjtarëstnjhs 

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0.  ZNZPAKH @A JIZPIZ VI_ V_IJAZIZ   0.8 Jigjapti 

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0.? Nkpirthgjnh 

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0.: Jhrhjtarëstnjhs 

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1.  ZNZPAKH @A JIZPIZ VI_ V_IJAZIZ   .........................................................................................

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1.8 Jigjapti  .................................................................................................................................................

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1.: Jhrhjtarëstnjhs  .......................................................................................................................................

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1.0 dustnlnjhr pirqua utnenzhr asta Znstakh  .................................................................................................

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1.1 Astrujturh ircègnjh `ae @apti. `a Vri`ujjnúg  ...................................................................................

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1.< @asjrnpjnúg `a jh`h jagtri `a jistis  ...................................................................................................

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1.3 N`agtnlnjhjnúg `a eis aeakagtis `ae Jisti  ............................................................................................

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1.2 Znstakh `a jigtrie `a ngvagthrnis y kîti`i `a vheuhjnúg utnenzh`i y `asjrnoa jhrhjtarëstnjhs `ae kîti`i saeajjnigh`i  ....................................................................................................................................

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VEHG @A JQAGPHZ  ..................................................................................................................................... 8> AGQGJNH@I @A IVA_HJNIGAZ  ........................................................................................................... ?8 HVENJHJNÚG JIGPHOEA @A EHZ I_@AGAZ @A V_I@QJJNÚG .......................................... ?? AZPH@IZ LNGHGJNA_IZ  .......................................................................................................................... ?2

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JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN

HZVAJPIZ CAGA_HEAZ @A EH LHO_NJH @atheeh eis hgtaja`agtas y `htis cagarheas `a eh akprash. Ng`ustrnhs Jarèknjhs Vhz Enknth`h sa agjuagtrh uonjh`h ag ae mneúkatri ?3 `a eh jhrratarh Eh Vhz, \nhjbh, ag eh privngjnh `a Ngchvn `ae @aphrthkagti `a Eh Vhz.   Lua lug`h` pir ae Zr. Larkëg Vhz ag ae høi 8>32.Ngnjni sus hjtnvn`h`as ag eh jnu`h` `a \nhjbh `ig`a sa jigstruyú eh prnkarh pehgth eh`rneearh `a eh Jikphøëh h phrtnr `a yhjnknagtis `a hrjneeh pripnis sntuh`is ag eh zigh. Eh jhen`h` `a sus eh`rneeis jarèknjis y ae sarvnjni ilrajn`i he jenagta bnjnarig qua ag kagis `a 86 høis NGJA_VHT trnpenjhrh su vieukag `a pri`ujjnúg ngnjnhe. H phrtnr `a asa kikagti jiknagzh eh axphgsnúg caicrèlnjh ag Oienvnh, hornag`i guavhs pehgths eh`rneearh ag Jijbhohkoh. Iruri, Zhgth Jruz y Phrndh. H phrtnr `a 8>>< jiknagzh h Lhornjhr PADHZ jarèknjhs. Vistarnirkagta høh`a h su jhtèeici `a pri`ujtis pri` ujtis eh eëgah VH\NJ, thkonîg eh eëgah _AL_HPAJ qua sa jikpiga `a eh`rneeis ralrhjthrnis. Vir uetnki surca eh eëgah @AJI qua jigsnsta ag pnazhs jarèknjhs jig `nstngths lirkhs qua sa utnenzhg ag hjhoh`is y `atheeas `ajirhtnvis. NGJA_VHT sa jigvnarta ag Kuetnghjnighe. Ag eis ôetnkis høis NGJA_VHT bh sacun`i ngvnrtnag`i ag su jrajnknagti caicrèlnji. Asth vaz luarh `a guastrhs lrigtarhs. Hsë as jiki guastrh akprash Oienvnhgh sa bh vuaeti ugh kuetnghjnighe jig prasagjnh ag Orhsne, Varô y Jbnea y sa astè jigsien`hg`i jiki ugh `a ehs prngjnpheas jikphøëhs `a jarèknjh ng`ustrnhe ag Ehtngihkîrnjh.

KNZNÚG Jigtrnounr he `ashrrieei `ae phës privayag`i pri`ujtis jarèknjis `astngh`is he karjh`i `a eh jigstrujjnúg eijhe a ngtarghjnighe, ilrajnag`i eis kadiras pri`ujtis y sarvnjnis.

\NZNÚG Eh akprash Jarèknjh Ngjarphz, tnaga ugh vnsnúg v nsnúg `a axphg`nr su karjh`i bhjnh ae vnadi jig jigtngagta, tngagta, as ugi `a eis kès hgbaeh`is karjh`is sarëh ugi `a ehs vnsnigas jukpen`hs `a hquë ag høis, as kuy nkpirthgta hornr karjh`is ngtarghjnigheas phrh su pri`ujti.

\HEI_AZ Jhen`h`, Hkhonen`h`, En`arhzci, nggivhjnúg, @nsjnpengh, hutigikëh, `a`njhjnúg      

_uori `a su hjtnvn`h` Eh akprash Ngjarphz, as `a`njh`h h eh hjtnvn`h` Ng`ustrnhe `a Jarèknjh. GNP  Gôkari `a N`agtnlnjhjnúg Prnouthrnh `a eh Akprash Ngjarphz Enknth`h.486?60816?8  Varni`i ag ae juhe sa `ashrrieeh eh prhjtnjh jigthoea (8 `a Horne ?6?6 he :8 `a khrzi `a ?6?8). :

 

JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN

KH_JI PAÚ_NJI 8.  @AZJ_NVJNÚG @A EH HJPN\N@H@ V_NGJNVHE Eh ng`ustrnh Jarèknjhs Vhz Enknth`h sa `a`njh h eh lhornjhjnúg `a jarèknjhs phrh ae bichr jig `nlaragtas `nsaøis y jhen`h`, hsë knski hsacurhg`i eh ragthonen`h` `a eh ng`ustrnh ag Oienvnh. Eh akprash jarèknjh Ngjarphz as ugh `a ehs akprashs kès `asthjh`hs h gnvae ghjnighe ag juhgti h eis `nlaragtas tnpis `a jarèknjhs qua ilraja phrh eh jigstrujjnúg `a phvnkagtis jigstrujjnúg `a  

jhshs, atj. Prhohdhkis `ëh h `ëh jikprikatn`is jig eh kadirh jigtnguh h trhvîs `ae snstakh ngtacrh`i `a castnúg ag ti`is guastris prijasis. Pagakis ae iodatnvi `a suparhr snakpra ehs axpajthtnvhs `a guastris jenagtas y eis eicrhkis itirchg`i pri`ujtis y sarvnjnis `a jhen`h`.  

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JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN ?.  LQGJNIGAZ @A JH@H @AVH_PHKAGPI ?.8 @apti. `a H`kngnstrhjnúg Ae `aphrthkagti h`kngnstrhtnvi as hquae qua sa agjhrch `a agceiohr he rasti `a `aphrthkagtis. Zus prngjnpheas lugjnigas sig ehs `a irchgnzhjnúg, pehgahjnúg, `nrajjnúg, jiir`nghjnúg, jigtrie y avheuhjnúg. Eh irchgnzhjnúg y pehgahjnúg sig ughs `a ehs thrahs kès nkpirthgtas `ae `aphrthkagti h`kngnstrhtnvi. H trhvîs `a asths sa ngtarjikugnjhg ti`is eis `aphrthkagtis phrh jigsacunr ug  prijasi hrkúgnji ag eh akprash jig ehs kaths h jigsacunr, y júki jigsacunrehs. Hsë sa jigsncua qua jh`h parsigh y `aphrthkagti tagch jehrh su lugjnúg, sus `aoaras y raspigshonen`h`as. H trhvîs `a eh `nrajjnúg, sa nkphrtag ehs ngstrujjnigas phrh eeavhr h jhoi ei iirchgnzh`i rchgnzh`i y pehgah`i. As nkpirthgta qua eh h`kngnstrhjnúg tagch ouaghs juhen`h`as phrh ae îxnti `a eh akprash. Eh `nrajjnúg `aoa sar rhzighoea, asti qunara `ajnr, qua ehs úr`agas agvnh`hs h eis `aphrthkagtis tnagag qua sar rahenzhoeas, tagnag`i ag juagth h eh parsigh, y sn tnaga eh axparnagjnh y bhonen`h`as gajashrnhs phrh jukpenr eh thrah. Ehs úr`agas nkphrtn`hs tnagag qua sar jikpeaths y jehrhs phrh qua gi eeavag h jiglusnúg. Pi`i asti sa agceioh ag eh lugjnúg `a jiir`nghjnúg `ae `aphrthkagti h`kngnstrhtnvi. Bhy qua hrkignzhr hjtis y asluarzis `a ti`is eis `aphrthkagtis `a eh akprash. ^ pir ôetnki avheuhr ae `ashrrieei `a ehs hjtnvn`h`as akprashrnheas qua sa eeavhg h jhoi y ousjhr kadirhs sn luarhg gajashrnhs. Ae `aphrthkagti h`kngnstrhtnvi thkonîg as ae agjhrch`i `a eh jirraspig`agjnh qua eeach h eh akprash. ^ khgtnaga eh jikugnjhjnúg jig privaa`iras y jenagtas phrh khgtagar eh raehjnúg jikarjnhe `ae agtirgi `a eh akprash. Hsnknski, as ae agjhrch`i `ae hrjbnvi `a ti`is eis `ijukagtis eacheas qua tnaga eh akprash. Eis jehsnlnjh y justi`nh, y sa agjhrch `a su prijashknagti nglirkètnji i knjrilnekh`i phrh khgtagareis `urhgta ae tnakpi qua astis sahg vncagtas. Juhg`i ehs akprashs sig `a crhg thkhøi, ae `aphrthkagti `ap hrthkagti h`kngnstrhtnvi thkonîg as ae agjhrch`i `a eh sajrathrëh y jikugnjhjnúg. Asths thrahs sa pi`rëhg ngjeunr ag eh lugjnúg `a jiir`nghjnúg y irchgnzhjnúg. ^ as qua eh phrta `ae sajrathrnh`i sa agjhrch `a lhjnenthr ehs raehjnigas agtra eh `nrajjnúg y ae  parsighe, h trhvîs `a raugnigas, jiglaragjnhs, atj., hsë jiki `a eh raehjnúg jig ae axtarnir h trhvîs `a agtravnsths, rua`hs `a pragsh y jikugnjh`is. ?.? @apti. `a Jigthonen`h` Ae @aphrthkagti `a Jigthonen`h` sa agjhrch `a ngstrukagthr y iparhr ehs pieëtnjhs, girkhs, snstakhs y prija`nknagtis gajashrnis phrh chrhgtnzhr eh axhjtntu` y sacurn`h` ag eh jhpthjnúg y racnstri `a ehs iparhjnigas lnghgjnarhs, prasupuastheas y `a jigsajujnúg `a kaths `a eh agtn`h`, h alajti `a sukngnstrhr nglirkhjnúg qua jih`yuva h eh tikh `a `ajnsnigas, h prikivar eh alnjnagjnh y alnjhjnh `ae jigtrie `a castnúg, h eh avheuhjnúg `a ehs hjtnvn`h`as y lhjnenta eh lnsjhenzhjnúg `a sus iparhjnigas, jun`hg`i qua `njbh jigthonenzhjnúg sa rahenja jig `ijukagtis jikpriohtirnis y dustnlnjhtnvis irncngheas, y vncnehg`i eh `aon`h iosarvhgjnh `a ehs eayas, girkhs y racehkagtis hpenjhoeas.

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JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN Lugjnigas   Asthoeajar y iparhr ehs ka`n`hs gajashrnhs gajashr nhs phrh chrhgtnzhr qua ae snstakh `a jigthonen`h` `ae Jagtri asta `nsaøh`i phrh qua su iparhjnúg lhjnenta eh lnsjhenzhjnúg `a eis hjtnvis,  phsnvis, ngcrasis, jistis, chstis, hvhgja ag eh adajujnúg `a pricrhkhs y ag a g cagarhe `a khgarh qua parknthg ka`nr eh alnjhjnh y alnjnagjnh `ae chsti pôoenji la`arhe.   _ahenzhr ehs hjjnigas gajashrnhs phrh chrhgtnzhr qua ae snstakh jigthoea `ae irchgnski, hsë jiki ehs ki`nlnjhjnigas qua sa cagarag pir kitnvis `a su hjtuhenzhjnúg, juagtag jig ehs hutirnzhjnigas eacheas phrh su lugjnighknagti y iparhjnúg. Eeavhr h jhoi eh jigthonen`h` `ae Jagtri ag eis tîrkngis qua asthoeaja eh Eay `a Vrasupuasti, Jigthonen`h` y Chsti Vôoenji.   Akntnr pir asjrnti ehs prngjnpheas pieëtnjhs jigthoeas gajashrnhs phrh hsacurhr qua ehs juagths sa iparag ohdi ohsas alnjnagtas y jigsnstagtas, hsë jiki phrh eh jehrh `alngnjnúg y hsncghjnúg `a raspigshonen`h`as `a lugjnighrnis y akpeah`is.   Khgtagar hjtuhenzh`i ae jhtèeici `a juagths y cuëh jigthonenzh`irh, jigthonenzh`i rh, `a khgarh qua îstis shtnslhchg ehs gajasn`h`as ngstntujnigheas y lnsjhenzh`irhs `a nglirkhjnúg raehtnvh h eis hjtnvis, phsnvis, ngcrasis jistis, chstis y hvhgja ag eh adajujnúg `a pricrhkhs, rajhohg`i phrh ae alajti, ehs hutirnzhjnigas sulnjnagtas `a ehs hutirn`h`as jikpatagtas.   _acnstrhr y jigtriehr eis rajursis lnghgjnaris privagnagtas `ae jheag`hrni lnghgjnari  

 prasupuasthe, ehs ngstntujnigas phrhprivagnagtas ae `ashrrieei`a `a`apag`agjnhs priyajtis `a ngvastnchjnúg, eis hsë qua jikiitirchg eis ngcrasis `a `ightnvis y agtn`h`as `ae sajtir pôoenji, prnvh`i i sijnhe, n`agtnlnjhg`i `agtri `a eh jigthonen`h`, eis rajursis ln`anjikntn`is ag lhvir `ae Jngvasthv, y eis hpirth`is pir ngstntujnigas pôoenjhs y prnvh`hs, `astngh`is h priyajtis aspajëlnjis.   Aehoirhr, hghenzhr y jigsien`hr eis Asth`is Lnghgjnaris `ae Jagtri y `a ehs Qgn`h`as Lirègahs.   Jigtriehr ehs `nspignonen`h`as `a ehs juagths ohgjhrnhs `a jbaquas y `a ngvarsnúg, rahenzhg`i jigjnenhjnigas kagsuheas jigtrh eis she`is rapirth`is rapir th`is ag eis asth`is `a juagth  ohgjhrnis y pir ae @aphr @aphrthkagti thkagti `a Pasirarëh y Jhdh, phrh chrhgtnzhr chrhgtnz hr eh axhjtntu` ag ae racnstri `a lig`is, y hpiyhg`i h ugh jirrajth tikh `a `ajnsnigas.   @apurhr parkhgagtakagta eis racnstris jigthoeas y prasupuastheas.   Vraphrhr y prasagthr eis `htis qua jiglirkhg eh Juagth Vôoenjh, ae Znstakh Ngtacrhe `a Nglirkhjnúg, ae Nglirka Vrasn`agjnhe, ehs raugnigas phrh Dugth @nrajtnvh, ae Jikntî `a Jigtrie y Hu`ntirëh, y `akès nglirkhjnúg jikpeakagthrnh qua raqunarhg ehs hutirn`h`as jikpatagtas raspajti `a ehs hjtnvn`h`as `ashrrieeh`hs ag ae èkonti `a su jikpatagjnh.   _ahenzhr ehs `akès hjtnvn`h`as qua ea sahg agjikag`h`hs pir eh Zuo`nrajjnúg `a _ajursis Lnghgjnaris, hlngas h ehs lugjnigas y raspigshonen`h`as ngbaragtas he jhrci.   Jiir`nghr, irnagthr y hpiyhr ehs hjtnvn`h`as `ae parsighe h`sjrnti he èrah `a su jikpatagjnh. @a asth khgarh ae `aphrthkagti `a jigthonen`h` i ugn`h` jiki sa eehkh ag eh akprash tnaga pir iodati racnstrhr y jigtriehr ae kivnknagti ajigúknji y lnghgjnari `a eh akprash NGJA_VHT ENKNPH@H. Vhrtnjuehrkagta eis khtarnheas ag ti`hs sus lhsas. Axnsta Ax nsta ug jigtrie parkhgagta ag eis khtarnheas, as `ajnr ae kivnknagti `a agtrh`hs y shen`hs y she`i thgti ag jhgtn`h`as jiki ag jistis.

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JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN

?.: @apti. @a Hekhjagas Eh lugjnúg kès jikôg `a ug hekhjîg as eh `a hjtuhr jiki ug asphjni `a hekhjaghknagti phrh eis hrtëjueis `a ngvagthrni, aqunpis u itris. Eis hekhjagas `a ngvagthrni h kagu`i jigtnagag ugh crhg jhgtn`h` `a asthgtarëhs i jigtaga`iras `a hekhjaghknagti y pua`ag prasagthr ug snstakh `a ngvagthrni jikputhrnzh`i `a rhstrai phrh hyu`hr ag ae sacunknagti `a eis aeakagtis jigtagn`is ag ae hekhjîg. Hecugis hekhjagas pua`ag jigtagar ngvagthrni y aqunpis phrh kôetnpeas gacijnis, jikphrtnag`i ae asphjni `a hekhjaghknagti phrh ra`ujnr eis jistis cagarheas `a hekhjaghknagti. Eis hekhjagas pua`ag lugjnighr jiki jagtri `a agvëi, rajapjnúg `a agvëis y júki tagagjnh `a eis hrtëjueis bhsth qua sahg jhrch`is ag itris jhknigas y agvnh`is h itrh phrta. @apag`nag`i `a eh akprash qua iparh ae hekhjîg, ae jagtri `a agvëi pua`a shtnslhjar ehs gajasn`h`as `a ugh akprash ng`nvn`uhe i rajnonr agvëis phrh kôetnpeas akprashs. Lugjnigas ag ug hekhjîg `a eh`rneeis4   _ajapjnúg `a khtarnheas   _acnstri `a agtrh`hs y shen`hs `ae hekhjîg   @asphjbi `a khtarnheas   Khgtagnknagti `a eis khtarnheas y ae hekhjîg   Jiir`nghjnúg `ae hekhjîg jig eis `aphrthkagtis `a jigthonen`h` V_NGJNVNIZ OÈZNJIZ @AE HEKHJÎG   Eh justi`nh lnae y alnjnagta `a eis khtarnheas y pri`ujtis `aoag agjigtrhrsa snakpra ohdi eh raspigshonen`h` `a ugh sieh parsigh ag jh`h hekhjîg.   Ae parsighe `a jh`h hekhjîg `aoa sar hsncgh`i h lugjnigas aspajnhenzh`hs, bhsth `ig`a sah pisnoea. @aoa axnstnr ugh sieh puarth, i onag ugh `a agtrh`h y itrh `a shen`h y hkohs  ohdi ae knski jigtrie.   Bhy qua eeavhr ug racnstri he `ëh y jigtrie ngtargi `a agtrh`hs y shen`hs.   As gajashrni nglirkhr h jigtrie `a ngvagthrnis y jigthonen`h` `a eis kivnknagtis `nhrnis `a agtrh`hs y shen`hs `ae hekhjîg, y h pricrhkhjnúg y jigtrie `a pri`ujjnúg `a ehs axnstagjnhs. 

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Jh`h khtarnhe i pri`ujti tnaga quajig uonjhr su jehsnlnjhjnúg a n`agtnlnjhjnúg  phsneeis, asthgtas y asphjnissakhrjh`is ugh sacôg gikagjehturh qua lhjnenta eh jieijhjnúg ag su euchr y eh eijhenzhjnúg juhg`i bhyh qua ousjhrsa   Pi`h iparhjnúg `a agtrh`h i `a shen`h `ae hekhjîg raqunara eh `ijukagthjnúg hutirnzh`h sacôg ug snstakh asthoeajn`i   Eis khtarnheas hekhjagh`is `aoarèg iotagarsa lèjnekagta juhg`i sa gajasntag   Eh `nspisnjnúg `ae hekhjîg `aoarè sar ei kès leaxnoea pisnoea= as `ajnr, `aoarè `nspigarsa `nspigars a `a khgarh qua pua`hg bhjarsa ki`nlnjhjnigas i hkpenhjnigas jig ugh ngvarsnúg këgnkh h`njnighe.

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JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN Knsnigas `a Hekhjîg.  - Eh utnenzhjnúg `a pehthlirkhs `a akohrqua y `asakohrqua phrh trhgslaragjnh. Crhg phrta `a eh alnjnagjnh ag ae prijasi `a khgadi `a eis hekhjagas astè jagtrh`h ag eh utnenzhjnúg jirrajth `a ehs lhjnen`h`as `a akohrqua y `asakohrqua. As `ajnr, eis kuaeeas,  phrh asti as lug`hkagthe ugh irchgnzhjnúg h`ajuh`h h`aju h`h `a ti`i ae prijasi `a rajnoi y `asphjbi. Ae  prngjnphe iodatnvi `ae hekhjaghknagti snakpra bh sn`i ae usi alnjnagta `ae asphjni, ae aqunpi y eh khgi `a iorh. Asta pripúsnti nkpenjh qua eh pri`ujtnvn`h` gi as siei ae `asakpaøi `a eh khgi `a iorh, sngi thkonîg ngjeuya ae asphjni, ae aqunpi y ugh jikonghjnúg `a eis lhjtiras qua jigtrnouyag h ugh khyir pri`ujtnvn`h`. Eis pri`ujtis hjhoh`is sa `aoag jieijhr `a lirkh irchgnzh`h ag ae stijm jikarjnhe `ig`a lèjnekagta sahg n`agtnlnjh`is, jhrch`is y `asjhrch`is. ?.0 @apti. `a Vri`ujjnúg Ae `aphrthkagti `a pri`ujjnúg as ug èrah `a eh akprash ak prash NGJA_VHT ENKNPH@H qua tnaga jiki lugjnúg prngjnphe eh trhgslirkhjnúg `a khtarnhs prnkhs ag pri`ujtis lngheas. Ag lugjnúg `ae thkhøi `a eh akprash pi`akis tagar vhrnis gnvaeas i jhrcis `agtri `a su astrujturh darèrqunjh jiki sig eis iparhrnis `a theear, agjhrch`is `a theear i dalas `a aqunpi, dala `a pri`ujjnúg i `nrajtir `a pri`ujjnúg, ngcagnaris `a pri`ujjnúg i ae parsighe tîjgnji aspajnhenzh`i. Ae èrah `a pri`ujjnúg `asjrnoa ti`i ae prijasi pir ae juhe eh akprash NGJA_VHT ENKNPH@H  pri`uja ug oonag nag jhphz `a shtnsl shtnslhjar hjar ugh `akhg`h utnenzhg`i lhjtiras `a pri`ujjnúg p ri`ujjnúg h`qunrn`is ag ae karjh`i. Ag ae jigtaxti `a eh akprash, ae snstakh `a pri`ujjnúg, h`akès `a su lnghen`h` prnkhrnh, qua as  pri`ujnr ug onag ajigúknji, ousjh shtnslhjar s htnslhjar itris iodatnvis4   Ae èrah `a pri`ujjnúg `aoa parkntnr h eh akprash shtnslhjar eh `akhg`h qua sa ea nkpiga, ei qua supiga qua eh akprash h`hpth su jhphjn`h` `a pri`ujjnúg he vieukag `a vagths.   Eis onagas ajigúknjis pri`ujn`is `aoag sar `a ouagh jhen`h`, as `ajnr, `aoag shtnslhjar ehs gajasn`h`as `a eis jenagtas.   Ae snstakh `a pri`ujjnúg h`ipth`i pir eh akprash `aoa ilrajar eis jistas `a pri`ujjnúg kès ohdis pisnoeas phrh chrhgtnzhr eh jikpatntnvn`h` `a eh akprash.   Ae snstakh `a pri`ujjnúg `aoa pri`ujnr ag ug tnakpi rhzighoea, as `ajnr, `a hjuar`i jig ae gnvae `a `akhg`h `a eh akprash. 

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Ae snstakh `ayh pri`ujjnúg yh sah phrh pi`ar h eis jhkonis eh `akhg`h, sah phrh `aoa tagarsar ag leaxnoea, juagth eis jhkonis ag ae h`hpthrsa agtirgi pri`ujtnvi `a `a eh akprash (nggivhjnigas tajgieúcnjhs, atj.), i phrh parkntnr eh pri`ujjnúg snkuetègah `a `nlaragtas pri`ujtis he knski tnakpi.

Hsë knski jiki akprash ng`ustrnhe NGJA_VHT ENKNPH@H, guastri `aphrthkagti `a  pri`ujjnúg, tnaga eh lnghen`h` `a pri`ujnr eis pri`ujtis h tnakpi, jig eis gnvaeas `a jhen`h` axncn`is y he kagir jisti pisnoea. Vir jigsncunagta, hsacurhr ehs vagths astè luarh `ae jigtrie `nrajti `a eh Vri`ujjnúg, pari eh raehjnúg agtra pri`ujjnúg y vagths as ngtagsh. ^h qua `a eh  pri`ujjnúg `apag`a eis ngcrasis phrh eh akprash.

2

 

JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN :.  ZNZPAKH @A V_I@QJJNÚG JIGDQGPI :.8 Jigjapti As ug prija`nknagti `a jigtrie y racnstri, hpenjhoea h ng`ustrnhs juyh khgulhjturh raprasagth ugh jirrnagta ag eh trhgslirkhjnúg i axtrhjjnúg snkuetègah `a vhrnis pri`ujtis. Phkonîg pi`akis `ajnr qua eis jistis jigdugtis sig eis qua sa iotnagag jigdugthkagta `a ugh knskh khtarnh prnkheis i khtarnhe `nrajti y quairasueth `a sig eh `nscrachjnúg `a asth, agkhgulhjturh`is jnarti prijasi  pri`ujtnvi, as `ajnr, pri`ujtis jigdugtis jigaxis `is i kès pri`ujtis snkuetègahkagta jiki rasueth`i `a ug prijasi jikôg i `a ugh sarna `a prijasis.

:.? Nkpirthgjnh Eh nkpirthgjnh `a eh jigthonen`h` `a jistis `a pri`ujtis jigdugtis i jigaxis as ae `a hsncghr ae jisti hjukueh`i jigdugti h jh`h pri`ujti khgulhjturh`i yh sahg prngjnpheas y suopri`ujtis. :.: Jhrhjtarëstnjhs Ehs prngjnpheas jhrhjtarëstnjhs sig4  

Eh pri`ujjnúg jigdugth tnaga ugh raehjnúg lësnjh ngavnthoea, eh qua bhja gajashrni `a ug  prijashknagti jikôg y snkuetègai.

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Eh khgulhjturh `a pri`ujtis jigdugtis snakpra tnaga ug pugti `a saphrhjnúg saphrhjn úg ag ae juhe ti`is i hecugis pri`ujtis sa tarknghg y itris jigtnguhrèg pir prijasis h`njnigheas bhsth su jigjeusnúg jiki hrtnjuei hjhoh`i.

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Eis pri`ujtis jigdugtis tnagag vheiras `a vagth snknehras. Asth as eh prngjnphe jhrhjtarëstnjh qua `nstngcua eis pri`ujtis jigaxis `a eis suopri`ujtis.

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Ag ae jhsi `a jnartis pri`ujtis jigaxis, sa tnagag qua khgulhjturhr ti`is eis pri`ujtis ag ug `atarkngh`i prijasi i h trhvîs `a vhrnis prijasis.

0.  ZNZPAKH @A JIZPIZ VI_ V_IJAZIZ 0.8 Jigjapti As ug snstakh qua parknta jigtriehr, racnstrhr y hjukuehr eis aeakagtis `ae Jisti `a Vri`ujjnúg pir jagtris `a jistis i @aphrthkagtis `a Vri`ujjnúg y Zarvnjni. 0.? Nkpirthgjnh Ae snstakh `a jistis pir prijasis as kuy nkpirthgta pirqua eh hjukuehjnúg `a eis jistis sa rahenzh  pir `aphrthkagti i jagtris `a jistis, jistis , as `ajnr jh`h `aphrthkagti i jagtri `a jistis tnaga su pripnh juagth `a jigtrie, hsë thkonîg jhejuehg ae jisti ugnthrni ag jh`h `aphrthkagti. 0.: Jhrhjtarëstnjhs Ehs prngjnpheas jhrhjtarëstnjhs `a ug snstakh `a jistis pir prijasis sig4    

Ae jigtrie y racnstri `a eis jistis `a pri`ujjnúg sa hjukuehg ag jh`h jagtri `a jistis i `aphrthkagti `a pri`ujjnúg. Jh`h `aphrthkagti tnaga Asth su pripnh juagth `a jigtrie jistis sus suojuagths `ae jisti `a pri`ujjnúg. juagth sa `aonth pir ae `a jisti `ae yngvagthrni ngnjnhepir `a aeakagtis pri`ujtis >

 

JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN ag prijasi y pir ae jisti ngjurrn`i y sa hjra`nth pir eh vheuhjnúg `a eh pri`ujjnúg `ae parni`i, `a hjuar`i jig ae nglirka `ae jisti `a pri`ujjnúg (Bidh `a Jistis).  

Ehs ugn`h`as aqunvheagtas sa utnenzhg phrh `atarknghr ae trhohdi i pri`ujtis ag prijasi ag tîrkngis `a ugn`h`as tarkngh`hs he lnghe `a jh`h parni`i `a jistis.

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Eis jistis ugnthrnis sa `atarknghg ag jh`h jagtri i `aphrthkagti ag ae parni`i jirraspig`nagta.

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Ehs ugn`h`as tarkngh`hs y sus jistis sa trhgslnarag he sncunagta jagtri `a jistis i he hekhjîg `a pri`ujtis saknaehoirh`is juhg`i as pisnoea hekhjaghr (pri`ujtis saknaehoirh`is) i hekhjîg `a pri`ujtis tarkngh`is, juhg`i sa jigjeuya ae prijasi `a trhgslirkhjnúg.

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Ag ae kikagti qua ehs ugn`h`as `adhg ae uetnki `aphrthkagti `a pri`ujjnúg, eis jistis titheas hjukueh`is `ae parni`i pi`règ utnenzhrsa phrh eh `atarknghjnúg `ae jisti ugnthrni `a  pri`ujjnúg `a eis hrtëjueis hjhoh`is.

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Eis jistis titheas y ugnthrnis `a jh`h `aphrthkagti sig hcrach`is ag eis `aphrthkagtis sujasnvis parnú`njhkagta, hghenzhg`i y jhejuehg`i h trhvîs `ae usi `a nglirka `a jistis `a  pri`ujjnúg (Bidh `a Jistis pir Vrijasis). Vr ijasis).

1.  ZNZPAKH @A JIZPIZ VI_ V_IJAZIZ 1.8 Jigjapti Asta snstakh as hpripnh`i phrh akprashs qua tnagag ugh pri`ujjnúg jigtnguh `a hrtëjueis asthg`hrnzh`is. Ae jisti sa `atarkngh `nvn`nag`i ae prijasi `a pri`ujjnúg ag vhrnhs athphs, `a khgarh qua ag jh`h ugh sa vhyh hjukuehg`i ae jisti he pri`ujti bhsth qua ae knski astî tarkngh`i. 1.? Nkpirthgjnh

Ae prnkar raqunsnti ag ir`ag `a nkpirthgjnh as eh axhjtntu`, ehs `ajnsnigas kès nkpirthgtas `a ugh akprash cnrhg ag tirgi he khrcag `a chghgjnh qua tnaga jh`h pri`ujti= sn guastri prijasi `a jistai lheeh ag asta raqunsnti, gis ng`ujnrè h arriras qua pi`rëhg ijhsnighr crhvas alajtis ajigúknjis Ag sacug`i ir`ag `a nkpirthgjnh asth eh ipirtugn`h`, phrh ka`nr su gnvae `a jukpenknagti ohsth jig bhjargis eh pracugth4 ¹asthkis h tnakpi ra`ujnr i aenknghr eh `nstirsnúg `atajth`h ag ae jisti9 Ag tarjar euchr, astè ae Hejhgja, `atarkngh`i pir eis iodatis `a jistis qua sa `asaag jigtriehr. Lnghekagta `aoa sar jehri y irnagth`i h qua ae hgèensns `a eis rasueth`is gi sah hkoncui i jiglusi. Vir itri eh`i, eis raqunsntis `ae prijasi `a jistai (¹júki bhjarei9) phrta `a qua `aoa sar vnhoea y h`ajuhrsa he thkhøi y jikpeadn`h` `a eh irchgnzhjnúg. Ag juhrti euchr, `aoa jukpenr jig sar sistagnoea rapntnîg`isa `a khgarh jigtnguh, sacôg ehs gajasn`h`as `a eh akprash. Lnghekagta as gajashrni ousjhr qua sah snkpea, ag eh ka`n`h `a ei pisnoea, lhjnenthg`i qua sah ush`i pir ti`h eh Akprash Ng`ustrnhe.

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JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN 1.: Jhrhjtarëstnjhs @alngnr ehs thrahs y raspigshonen`h`as ag ehs tras athphs cagarheas `a ug snstakh `a jistis pir  prijasis4   _ajieajjnúg `a `htis. Qshr aqunpis phrh asta lng (jigth`iras, i`úkatris, ka`n`iras `a

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agarcëh, atj.), `adhg`i eh kagir jhgtn`h` pisnoea `a rajieajjnúg khguhe `a `htis.   Jèejuei `a Aqunvheagjnhs. Eis `htis puris `aoag trhgslirkhrsa ag vheiras kigathrnis, ag  ohsa h jistis ohsa i thrnlhs pra-lndh`hs. pr a-lndh`hs.   Jèejuei `a jistis trhgslarn`is titheas y ugnthrnis. Ag asth athph sa jigduchg `is hspajtis nkpirthgtas4 ae prnkari as ae snstakh nglirkètnji qua prijash eis `htis y ae sacug`i as eh jhphjn`h` `ae raspigshoea `a jistis, `a rahenzhr eh `nstrnoujnúg `a eis chstis ng`nrajtis.   Qshr ug snstakh nglirkètnji leaxnoea y h`hpth`i h eh irchgnzhjnúg. Asta snstakh duchrè ug rie nkpirthgta ag jukpenr eis ti`is raqunsntis `ae pri`ujti `a eh hjtnvn`h` `a jistai

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1.0 dustnlnjhr pirqua utnenzhr asta Znstakh Eh Jigthonen`h` `a Jistis as ugh phrta aspajnhenzh`h `a ` a eh Jigthonen`h` Cagarhe `a ugh Akprash Ng`ustrnhe. Eh khgnpuehjnúg `a eis jistis `a pri`ujjnúg phrh eh `atarknghjnúg `ae jisti ugnthrni `a eis pri`ujtis lhornjh`is as ei sulnjnagtakagta axtagsh jiki phrh dustnlnjhr ug suosnstakh `agtri `ae snstakh jigthoea cagarhe agjhrch`i `a ti`is eis `atheeas ralaragtas h eis jistis `a  pri`ujjnúg. Vir ei thgti, ae `nsaøi `a ug snstakh `a jistai pir prijasi `aoa jukpenr jig ug jigijnknagti jehri `ae thkhøi y jueturh `a eh Akprash. Vir ei cagarhe jh`h jagtri `a jistis sa hsijnh h ug siei prijasi (qua ag ijhsnigas `atarkngh eh jrahjnúg `a ug `aphrthkagti `agtri `a eh irchgnzhjnúg), axnstnag`i thgtis jagtris `a jistis jiki prijasis rajigijn`is ag eh akprash. Za `aoa avnthr ushr ae euchr caicrèlnji phrh `nvn`nr ug jagtri `a jistis, asta hspajti as phrta `a eis htrnoutis `a jh`h racnstri. Ag rasukag, ae snstakh `a jistai `aoa sar ug prijasi `nsaøh`i `a hjuar`i h ehs jhrhjtarëstnjhs y lngas `a eh akprash. Znag`i qua eh akprash ng`ustrnhe as `ngèknjh, asta prijasi `aoarè h`hpthrsa jigtnguhkagta h eis jhkonis ngtargis y axtargis, qua hlajtag eis pehgas `a pri`ujjnúg y vagths. Znag`i avn`agta qua ae `nsaøi `ae snstakh `a jistai raqunara eh prngjnphe htagjnúg, pirqua chrhgtnzhrè ae jukpenkagti `a eis raqunsntis `a eis rasueth`is iotagn`is ag asta prijasi. Hsë knski `a asth khgarh, eh Akprash NGJA_VHT Z.H, ushrh ae snstakh `a jisti pir prijasis, yh qua `aon`i h sus `nlaragtas pri`ujtis `a pri`ujjnúg as gajashrnhkagta utnenzhr eis jistis pir  prijasis, pir ae bajbi `a qua phrh lhornjhr ug pri`ujti sa gajasnth su `aon`i prijasi `a lhornjhjnúg i `aphrthkagti `a prijasi phrh su aehoirhjnúg. Ag jigjeusnúg, phrh eicrhr ae aqunenorni `ae usi `a rajursi y eh oôsqua`h `a rasueth`is `ae prijasi `a jistai pir prijasi, sarakis jrahtnvis ag su `nsaøi y rncurisis ag su adajujnúg. ^h qua eh jrahtnvn`h` cagarhrè ug prijasi snkpea `a rahenzhr y sistagnoea ag ae tnakpi he bhjar usi alnjnagta `a eis rajursis gajashrnis phrh su adajujnúg. H`akès, eh rncurisn`h` chrhgtnzhrè qua eis rasueth`is sahg jigsnstagtas ag ae tnakpi y eis rasueth`is `ae jistai jukpehg jig eis raquarnknagtis `a eh irchgnzhjnúg, jigvnrtnîg`isa ag nglirkhjnúg nglirkh jnúg vnthe phrh eh tikh `a `ajnsnigas ag ae pehgahknagti astrhtîcnji.

88

 

JIGPHONEN@H@ JIGPHONEN@H @ @A JIZPIZ NN 1.1 Astrujturh ircègnjh `ae @apti. `a ` a Vri`ujjnúg CA_AGPA CAGA_HE

CA_AGPA @A V_I@QJJNIG

CA_AGPA @A JIKV_HZ

JIKV_H@I_AZ

DALA @A JHEN@H@

DALA @A KHGPAGNKNAGPI

PAJGNJIZ

IVA_H_NIZ

CA_AGPA @A H@KNGNZP_HJNÚG

H@KNGNZP_HPN\IZ

CA_AGPA @A \AGPHZ

\AG@A@I_AZ

JHVHPHT

IVA_H_NIZ AZVAJNHENTH@IZ

IVA_H_NIZ GI AZVAJNHENTH@IZ

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JIGPHONEN@H@ JIGPHONEN@H @ @A JIZPIZ NN 1.< @asjrnpjnúg `a jh`h jagtri `a jistis Vhrh lhornjhr guastris eh`rneeis eeavhkis h jhoi ugh sarna `a prijasis qua vhg `as`a eh aeajjnúg `a eh khtarnh hrjneeish, bhsth ae akphquath`i lnghe. Asta prijasi `a aehoirhjnúg sa jikpiga ag ehs sncunagtas lhsas4 Axtrhjjnúg `a eh khtarnh prnkh, Kh`urhjnúg, trhthknagti kajègnji, aenkngh`ir `a pna`rhs, `asngtacrh`ir, ehkngh`ir ralngh`ir, `apúsnti `a khtarnh prnkh prijash`h, bukn`nlnjhjnúg, kie`ah`i, sajh`i, jijjnúg y hekhjaghda.

 ZA JP I_ @A A RP RP_ _ HJ JN ÚG @A E H KH PA _ N H V_ N KH

Za axtrha eh khtarnh prnkh gajashrnh y sa trhgspirth bhsth guastrhs ngsthehjnigas. Eh axtrhjjnúg `a hrjneehs sa rahenzh ag jhgtarhs y ohdi astrnjtis jigtrieas `a sacurn`h` y raspati ka`nihkonagthe. Qgh vaz axpeith`hs ehs jhgtarhs, asths sa racagarhg phrh `nlaragtas usis, pralaragtakagta hcrëjiehs.  ZA JP I_ @A @ A K H@ Q_ HJ N ÚG

Prhthknagtis `a trnturhjnúg, bikicaganzhjnúg y rapisi. Hgtas `a ngjirpirhr eh hrjneeh he jnjei pri`ujtnvi, asth sa sikata h ugh sarna `a trhthknagti `a trnturhjnúg, bikicaganzhjnúg y rapisi axpuasth h eis aeakagtis, jig eh lnghen`h` `a iotagar ugh h`ajuh`h jigsnstagjnh y ugnlirkn`h` `a ehs jhrhjtarëstnjhs lësnjhs y quëknjhs `asah`hs.

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JIGPHONEN@H@ JIGPHONEN@H @ @A JIZPIZ NN  ZA JP I_ @A @ A P _ HP HK N A GP GPI I KA JÈ GN JI

Aenkngh`ir `a pna`rhs, `asngtacrh`ir y ehkngh`ir ralngh`ir. Jigsnsta ag ugh sarna `a iparhjnigas juyh lnghen`h` as eh `a purnlnjhr y ralnghr eh khtarnh prnkh. Eis ngstrukagtis utnenzh`is ag `njbh lhsa sig eis sncunagtas4 8.  Aenkngh`ir `a pna`rhs4 Znrva phrh ra`ujnr ehs `nkagsnigas `a eis tarrigas. ?.  @asngtacrh`ir4 Za agjhrch `a trnturhr hquaeeis tarrigas `a khyir thkhøi, kès kè s `uris y jikphjtis. :.  Ehkngh`ir ralngh`ir4 Za trnturhg eis ôetnkis gú`ueis qua qu a pu`narhg asthr ag ae ngtarnir `ae khtarnhe. 

 ZA JP JPI_ I_ @A @ A @ A VÚZN PI @A K HP A _ N H V_ N KH V_ V _ IJA ZH @H

Za `apisnth ae khtarnhe `ig`a sa bikicagnzh thgti lësnjh jiki quëknjhkagta. Za `apisnth ae khtarnhe ag sneis aspajnheas y tajbh`is `ig`a ae khtarnhe sa bikicagnzh `alngntnvhkagta thgti lësnjh jiki quëknjhkagta.

@ A B QKN @N L N JH JN ÚG    ZA JP I_ @A

Eh hrjneeh sa trhgspirth h ug ehkngh`ir ralngh`ir phrh pistarnirkagta kivar h ug kazjeh`ir buka`aja`ir, ag ae juhe sa hcrach hcuh phrh iotagar eh buka`h` prajnsh. Za ratnrh eh hrjneeh `a eis sneis y sa trhgspirth h ug ehkngh`ir ralngh`ir phrh pistarnirkagta kivar h ug kazjeh`ir buka`aja`ir, ag ae juhe sa hcrach hcuh phrh iotagar eh buka`h` prajnsh.

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JIGPHONEN@H@ JIGPHONEN@H @ @A JIZPIZ NN

 ZA JP I_ @A @ A K IE@ A H@ I

Za ea `h lirkh he eh`rneei, asta prijasi sa rahenzh ag jhenagta utnenzhg`i vhpir `a hcuh. Jigsnsta ag phshr eh hrjneeh h trhvîs `a ugh oiquneeh phrh jigsacunr eh lirkh `ae iodati `asah`i. Asta prijasi sa rahenzh ag jhenagta, utnenzhg`i vhpir shturh`i h hprixnkh`hkagta 8:6´J y h prasnúg ra`ujn`h. Jig aeei sa iotnaga ugh buka`h` kès ugnlirka y ugh khsh kès jikphjth.

 ZA JP I_ @A @ A ZA Z A JH @I ^ JIJJ N ÚG

8.  Zajh`i4 As ugh `a ehs lhsas kès `aenjh`hs `ae prijasi `a pri`ujjnúg, yh qua `a aeeh `apag`a, ag crhg phrta, ae ouag rasueth`i y jhen`h` `ae khtarnhe. Ae sajh`i tnaga eh lnghen`h` `a aenknghr ae hcuh hcrach`h ag eh lhsa `a kie`ah`i phrh hsë pi`ar phshr h eh lhsa `a jijjnúg. ?.  Jijjnúg4 Za rahenzh ag birgis `a tôgae `a bhsth 8?6k `a eigcntu` `ig`a eh takparhturh `a jijjnúg isjneh agtra >66´J y 8666´J. Ag ae ngtarnir `ae birgi eh takparhturh vhrëh `a lirkh jigtnguh ji gtnguh y ugnlirka. @urhgta asta prijasi sa pri`uja eh sngtarnzhjnúg, ei qua `atarkngh eh rasnstagjnh `ae eh`rneei.

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JIGPHONEN@H@ JIGPHONEN@H @ @A JIZPIZ NN

@ A H E KH JA GH D A  ZA JP I_ @A

Qgh vaz akphquath`is y akoheh`is jig peèstnji ratrèjtne sig hekhjagh`is. Guastri pehstnlnjh`i as rasnstagta h eis rhyis Q\H pir ei qua astis gi sa `atarnirhg. Hgtas `ae akohehda, sa prija`a h eh lirkhjnúg `a phquatas p hquatas siora pheeats, ei juhe parkntnrè lhjnenthr su trhgspirta jig jjhrratneehs. hrratneehs. Ae akohehda jigsnsta ag agvievar eis phquatas jig jngths `a ` a peèstnji i kathe, jig eh lnghen`h` `a pi`ar sar `apisnth`is ag euchras `a hek hekhjaghknagti hjaghknagti y lhjnenthr su trhgspirta.

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JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN 1.3 N`agtnlnjhjnúg `a eis aeakagtis `ae Jisti   Khtarnh prnkh i khtarnheas `nrajtis4 

H_JNEEH

  Khgi `a iorh `nrajth



 

Iparhrnis `a lhornjhjnúg 

ZHEH_NI IVA_H_NIZ

  Jisti ng`nrajti `a lhornjhjnúg4



Khtarnheas ng`nrajtis   Vri`ujtis quëknjis

i

 

Úxn`i `a Znenjni. Znenjni. - parknta he eh`rneei khgtagar su lirkh y ea `h `urhonen`h`, pravnaga eh ratrhjjnúg.

 

Úxn`i `a Bnarri. Bnarri. hpirth rasnstagjnh @h h hrjneehs kès bataricîgahs y `h -jieirhjnúg ridnzh ikajègnjh crns.   Ixn`i `a heukngni   Zuelhti jèejnji   H`ntnvis

i

  Akohehda

i

83

 

JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN Khgi `a iorh ng`nrajth   Zuparvnsiras

i

  Pîjgnjis

i

  Dala `a Jigtrie `a jhen`h`

i

Jistis cagarheas `a lhornjh   Aqunpi `a lhornjh

i

  Khgtagnknagti

i

  _apuastis

i

  Zarvnjnis oèsnjis

i

1.2 Znstakh `a jigtrie `a ngvagthrnis y kîti`i `a vheuhjnúg utnenzh`i y `asjrnoa jhrhjtarëstnjhs `ae kîti`i saeajjnigh`i Ag eh Akprash Ngjarphz Enknth`h sa utnenzhrè ae snstakh `a jigtrie `a ngvagthrnis parpatuis, yh qua eh jhrhjtarëstnjh prngjnphe `a asta snstakh `a racnstri, as qua ti`i kivnknagti `a karjh`arëh as racnstrh`i, thgti ehs agtrh`hs jiki ehs shen`hs. Vir ei thgti, eh nglirkhjnúg `ae ngvagthrni snakpra astè hjtuhenzh`h. Vir itrh phrta, asta snstakh parknta eh `atarknghjnúg `atarknghjnú g `ae jisti `a vagths he kikagti `a bhjar hs vagths y ae she`i `a asth juagth raprasagth ae she`i `ae ngvagthrni lnghe `a ehs axnstagjnhs. Eh vheirhjnúg `a eis ngvagthrnis phrh eh `atarknghjnúg `ae jisti `a vagth pir ae snstakh parpatui, tnagag eh `nlnjueth` qua eis vheiras `a ehs karjh`arëhs jikprh`hs sig vhrnhoeas, puasti qua asths sa h`qunarag ag lajbhs `nlaragtas jig prajnis `nlaragtas, pir ei qua as pisnoea tagar ugh bikicagan`h` ag eis vheiras `a ehs karjh`arëhs jikprh`hs, phrh sieujnighr asta prioeakh, eh vheirhjnúg `a eis ngvagthrnis sa rahenzh ka`nhgta `nlaragtas kîti`is `a vheuhjnúg qua ousjh `atarknghr ae jisti `a eh lirkh kès rahe, y ag asta jhsi sa utnenzhrè ae kîti`i `ae Vrika`ni  pig`arh`i Kúvne (VVK). 82

 

JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN

VEHG @A JQAGPHZ

8>

 

JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN

?6

 

JIGPHONEN@H@ @A JIZPIZ NN

AGQGJNH@I @A IVA_HJNIGAZ Eh akprash ng`ustrnhe NGJA_VHT Enknth`h., rahenzh su pri`ujjnúg `a jarèknjh `a < buajis ag `is prijasis. Ae nglirka pripirjnigh`i pir eis `aphrthkagtis `a Vri`ujjnúg as ae sncunagta4 8.-@htis `ae parni`i hgtarnir4 @aphrthkagti H

@aphrthkagti O

Ngvagthrni Ngnjnhe Khtarnhe @nrajti Os .>66

\agths `a ?1.666 ugn`h`as jig ugh utnen`h` `ae :6% @AE JIZPI CEIOHE (LHJPQ_H@I)

:. Nglirka `a pri`ujjnúg4 @aphrthkagti H

@aphrthkagti O

Jikagzh`hs ag ae parni`i4 >6.666 ugn`h`as

26.666 ugn`h`as

VPP; 01.666 ugn`h`as

06.666 ugn`h`as

VP_ ;?6.666 ugn`h`as

81.666 ugn`h`as

NLVV; ¹9 ?/0 `a hjhoh`i

¹9 ?/0 `a hjhoh`i

VG; 366 ugn`h`as

866 ugn`h`as

VH; 266 ugn`h`as he 16% `a hjhoh`i