Proyecto - Filosofia

 

 

Vrkyn`tk- Ïto`h y Hxokjklåh= Nj prkijneh an jks vhjkrns nd Ckdaurhs Bojkskbåh 92/63/9683

Odtnlrhdtns= @hrjks Hdtkdok \kdl `th. # 06?88988?0

 

 

@kdtndoak O. Odtrkau``oðd ............... ................................ .................................. ................................. ................................ ................................. .................................. .................................. .................9 OO. Hdtn`nandtns

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OOO. Ans`rop`oðd anj prkijneh .............. ............................... ................................. ................................. .................................. ................................. ............................ ............1 0.8. @kd`nptks budahendthjns h utojozhr y sotuh`oðd h`tuhj ................ ................................. ................................. ............................ ............2 ............................... ................................. ................................. ................................. ....................... ......3 OR. Kimntovks anj prkyn`tk an odvnstolh`oðd ............... 1.8. Kimntovk lndnrhj ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................... ....3

1.9. Kimntovks nspn`åbo`ks ................ ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ................................. ............................ ............3 R. Ans`rop`oðd an jh odvnstolh`oðd k `kdtndoak ................. .................................. ................................. ................................ ............................... ...............? RO. Hdèjosos `råto`k anj chjjhzlk an jh odvnstolh`oðd ................ ................................. .................................. ................................. ....................... .......88 ROO. @kd`jusokdns ................ ................................. ................................. ................................ ................................. .................................. ................................. .......................... ..........89 ROOO. Yn`kendah`okdns ............... ............................... ................................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................. ..89 Ioijoklrhbåh

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O. Odtrkau``oðd  Jh bojkskbåh bh`ojoth lrhdans n oepkrthdtns hpkrtns `uhdak sn trhth an hprndanr an jks h`kdtn`oeondtks, ndsnøèdakdks h ius`hr nj bkdak an jhs `kshs. Eu`cks bojðskbks chd  prk`urhak anekstrhr qun jh bojkskbåh dk ns udh enrh nspn`ujh`oðd tnðro`h, snphrhah an jh rnhjoaha, so dk, hj `kdtrhrok, dks prkpkr`okdh jhs rnspunsths y jhs våhs an h``oðd qun tkaks  ius`heks phrh rnskjvnr jks ndolehs an jh nxostnd`oh y jhs `rosos h`tuhjns (oldkrhd`oh,  pkirnzh, `krrup`oðd, odaobnrnd`oh, odaobnrnd` oh, nlkåsek, ehjaha, nt`ïtnrh.  Dunstrh sk`onaha ch nsthak nd `kdsthdtn trhdsbkreh`oðd, sod neihrlk eu`cks an jks `heioks subroaks chd soak ansnd`handhdtns y dk`ovks, hbn`thdak aorn`thendtn nj anshrrkjjk anj phås. Dks aheks `undth qun jks `heioks jks nxpnroendtheks h aohrok, puns jks vhjkrns `åvo`ks y ekrhjns sn vhd ansekrkdhdak. Ns dn`nshrok ch`nrdks jh soluondtn prnludth, »Xuï anineks ndtndanr `kd jh pïraoah an vhjkrns; Nd nj soluondtn prkyn`tk an odvnstolh`oðd, aheks h `kdk`nr hjludks hdtn`nandtns, nj  prkijneh h`tuhj y ud hdèjosos `råto`k, skirn nj tneh an jh Ïto`h y jh Hxokjklåh, nspn`åbo`hendtn nj prkijneh an jks vhjkrns nd Ckdaurhs. @kdk`nrneks qun jh rhåz an jh oldkrhd`oh sn anin h udh nau`h`oðd pkirn nd vhjkrns n oanhjns.

 

 

OO. Hdtn`nandtns Nd jks ýjtoeks >6 høks sn ch vndoak dkthdak `heioks trnendahendtn prkbudaks `kek sk`onaha, hudqun soneprn `kek cuehdks nstheks nd `kdsthdtn nvkju`oðd jks ýjtoeks tonepks chd soak od`jusk jks eès rèpoaks an dunstrh costkroh y nstk hbn`th nd lrhd enaoah h jks vhjkrns qun bkrmhd jh `kdau`th an jhs pnrskdhs, yh qun pkr vhjkrns anineks ndtndanr `kek ud `kdmudtk an `rnnd`ohs, `kstueirns y dkrehs qun krondthd jh `kdau`th an udh  pnrskdh y `kepkdnd jh `kd`ond`oh qun tondn udh pnrskdh skirn nj iond y nj ehj. Vkr jk thdtk, jks vhjkrns ekrhjns od`oand nd jhs rnjh`okdns odtnrpnrskdhjns y `kdbkrehd jh `hjoaha an jh eoseh nd udh antnreodhah sk`onaha. Pod neihrlk, nstk ch oak aoseoduyndak nd lrhd enaoah `kek rnsujthak tndneks udh `kdsthdtn pïraoah an vhjkrns y `rosos nd jh `uhj jks ckdaurnøks vovoeks h`tuhjendtn. Vkr jk qun cky nd aåh sn vn rnbjnmhak nd tkaks jks hspn`tks an jh voah cuehdh, sn punan vnr nd nj ekak an chijhr, an vnstorsn, nd jh bkreh an odtnrh``okdhr `kd ktrks. Pn ah nd tkaks jks nsthendtks an dunstrh sk`onaha snhd an jh `jhsn hjth, enaoh, ihmh y theioïd nd nj lkionrdk, `kdlrnsk, eodostnrok pýijo`k, pkanr muao`ohj, bunrzhs eojothrns, pkjo`ohjns, udovnrsoahans, krlhdozh`okdns rnjolokshs nt`. Vhrn`onrh qun pkr akdan sn eorn nstè `kdtheodhak an `krrup`oðd y yh dhah lhrhdtozh qun jhs pk`hs pnrskdhs qun skd ckdnsths y rnspntukshs an jh ïto`h ekrhj rn`oihd ud trhtk mustk y an`krksk. Nstk prkvk`h `kdau`ths hdtosk`ohjns y anscuehdozhahs y qun anshbkrtudhahendtn `hah aåh qun phsh sn nstèd odsthjhdak eès andtrk an jh sk`onaha h`tuhj. @kdau`ths jjndhs an kaok, nlkåsek, vokjnd`oh n odaobnrnd`oh hdtn nj prðmoek, skd dunstrk aåh h aåh. Jh rhzðd an nstk, quozès snh rnspkdshiojoaha snh rnspkdshiojoaha an dksktrks eoseks, yh qun pk`k h pk`k nj snr cuehdk sn ch anscuehdozhak, `kdvortoïdaksn nd udh ehquodh prnsh anj nstrïs y jh tn`dkjklåh jh tn`dkjklåh anmhdak an jhak nj `kdvovor `hrh h `hrh `kd sus snenmhdtns. Vhrh trhthr an `keihtor nstk, sn chd cn`ck hdtnrokrendtn aostodths odvnstolh`okdns phrh vnr jh `hushs y nbn`tks an jh pïraoah an vhjkrns y `kek nstks hbn`thd hj phås Nd nj høk 9660 jh ^DAV prnsndtk ud odbkren skirn nj anshrrkjjk cuehdk nd ckdaurhs nd jh qun snøhjh qun jh `ujturh ns ud njnendtk `jhvn nd jh ju`ch `kdtrh jh pkirnzh y nd jh bkreh`oðd an vhjkrns nd jks qun sn budah y anshrrkjjh udh dh`oðd. ND nj 9688 NJ cnrhjak nd udh an sus puijo`h`okdns od`ndtovh h ushr jh bojkskbåh prh`to`h  phrh vnd`nr jh `rosos an jh pïraoah an vhjkrns. vh jkrns.  Nd nj 9680 Jh prndsh hrluendth nd udh puijo`h`oðd qun nj krolnd an jks hjtks ådao`ns an anjod`und`oh, vo`oks y vokjnd`oh sn anind nd phrtn h jh `rosos an vhjkrns.

Jh troiudh nd nj 9681 rnhjozð udh puijo`h`oðd nd jh qun rnah`th jh oepkrthd`oh an tndnr `kek vhjkrns proekraohjns= nj hekr h Aoks, h jh Vhtroh y sus såeikjks, h jh bheojoh, hj  prðmoek, `kek prod`opoks budahendthjns. Nd nj 9682 rnhjozð ktrh puijo`h`oðd nd jh qun rnbjnxokdh qun jh pïraoah an vhjkrns nd jh sk`onaha sk`ohj. prkeunvn ud heiondtn oanhj phrh jh odsnluroaha prkvk`hdak ud ansnquojoirok

 

 

OOO. Ans`rop`oðd anj prkijneh Jh hxokjklåh y sus prkijnehs prod`ophjns, prkijneh an nxostnd`oh an vhjkrns. Hxokjklåh .ns udh rheh an jh bojkskbåh, qun tondn pkr kimntk an nstuaok jh dhturhjnzh k nsnd`oh an jks vhjkrns y an jks muo`oks an vhjkr qun punan rnhjozhr ud odaovoauk .¨bojkskbåh an vhjkrns¨ Vrkijneh andhturhjnzh; jh nxostnd`ohJks an vhjkrns vhjkrns.pnrtndn`nd »Nxostnd jks vhjkrns; »Xuï topk an nxostnd`oh »@uèj ns su h udh rnloðd odanpndaondtn, dk skdtondnd; `kshs, dk pnrtndn`nd h jh rnhjoaha, so dk h ud eudak hphrtn y hutðdkek. @krrondtn suimntovosth an jks vhjkrns hboreh qun jks vhjkrns skd nj rnsujthak an jhs rnjh`okdns, odaovoauhjns y `kjn`tovh. Jks vhjkrns dk nxostnd nd så, sodk qun skd enrhs `rnh`okdns an jh endtn, nxostnd skjhendtn  phrh eå .Nj vhjkr ns phr phrhh nj ckeirn k jks snrn snrnss vovks »punan hjlk tndnr vhjkr so dhaon jk ch  pnr`oioak do punan pnr`oiorjk; Aos`rnphd`oh. Ns kivok qun dk punan udk pkdnrsn an h`unrak nd prkijnehs = -ïto`ks

-rnjoloksks

-nstïto`ks

-pkjåto`ks

Akdan h enduak sn prkau`nd `kdbjo`tks k ansh`unraks an vhjkrns Hjludks `rnnd qun jh ekrhjoaha nstè phshah an ekah k qun punan end`okdhrsn sðjk nd jks èeiotks provhaks. @kdsoanrhd qun ns ud sostneh an råloahs prkcoio`okdns purothdhs, `kd nj bod an `kdsnluor qun jh lndtn dk sn aovonrth y qun sn hiurrh. Nxostnd ekrhjosths euy `kdsnrvhakrns, eès iond rnh``okdhroks, hj nstojk an jks mnrhr`hs rnjoloksks y ktrks jjhehaks ‚aostodluoaks `ouahahdks―, `kek ihjh an lkeh, hjohs Yheðd @ustkaok, Mkrln Yovnrh

Hvojnz, Muhd Bnrrnrh k Lhsphr Rhjjn`ojjk, pkr nmnepjk, qun pkdtobo`hd y chijhd nd dkeirn an jh phtroh y jh anek`rh`oh y prntndand anbndanr jh ekrhjoaha, pnrk jk ýdo`k qun ch`nd ns  prnsnrvhr ud `ðaolk phrto`ujhr y sus `kd`np`okdns ïto`hs. Pn chd hpkanrhak hp kanrhak an jh ïto`h chsth chs th thj pudtk qun `uhdak ud enaok an prndsh hdud`oh qun ‚jhs oljnsohs `roto`hd jh pkirnzh an jhs dkrehs ekrhjns―, k qun ‚jks rnpr nsndthdtns nsndthdtns an jh neprnsh provhah y an jks lrupks pkjåto`ks sn prnk`uphd pkr jh `rosos an vhjkrns―, sðjk sn nspnrh qun chijnd `kdtrh jh ckeksnxuhjoaha,

`kdtrh jhs jnsiohdhs, jh pkrdklrhbåh, k qun sn rnbonrhd hj tneh an jhs ehrhs y jh vokjnd`oh  muvndoj, nt`., pnrk qun dk sn rnbonrhd h jks tnehs an jh `krrup`oðd an jks bud`okdhroks  pýijo`ks y an jhs neprnshs qun jks skikrdhd, k an jhs suehs roaå`ujhs qun jks phåsns ro`ks hpkrthd h jks phåsns pkirns. _ nd dodlýd ekendtk end`okdhd nj h`tk an `krrup`oðd eès  iruthj qun `kdk`neks `kek bun nj lkjpn an nsthak an mudok anj 966?. _ dk sðjk sn hpkanrhd an jhs phjhirhs y jks `kd`nptks, theioïd sn haunøhd an jh roqunzh ehtnrohj, anj Nsthak, an jhs pjhyhs, jks iksquns, jh ioijoktn`h dh`okdhj y jh voah an eu`chs pnrskdhs.

 

 

Ns an`or, nd proenr julhr, jh ïto`h dk ns ud `kdmudtk ckeklïdnk an prkcoio`okdns nspn`ohjns skirn `unstokdns snxuhjns. Jh snxuhjoaha dk pjhdtnh dodlýd prkijneh ekrhj nspn`åbo`k. Nd nsths `unstokdns punand nsthr nd munlk jh ckdrhanz, nj hbn`tk, jh prnk`uph`oðd pkr nj ktrk, jh  pruand`oh y ktrks vhjkrns soeojhrns. Vnrk nstk dk ns nx`jusovk an jh snxuhjoaha, pkrqun jk eosek vhjaråh phrh jhs an`osokdns rnbnroahs h jh `kdau``oðd an ud vncå`ujk. An cn`ck, jhs @kepjo`h`okdns qun pjhdtnh jh `kdau``oðd an ud hutkeðvoj, ansan ud pudtk an vosth heiondthj k an jh snluroaha pnrskdhj, skd eu`ck eès lrhvns qun jks anrovhaks an ud `kdth`tk snxuhj vkjudthrohendtn `kdvndoak ndtrn aks k eès pnrskdhs. Jh ekrhjoaha snxuhj ns sðjk ud tneh, pnrk chy prkijnehs ïto`ks eès oepkrthdtns. Nd snludak julhr, jh ïto`h dk ns ud sostneh oanhj sod hpjo`h`oðd prè`to`h k ud lrupk an soepjns brhsns qun od`kekahd h eu`chs pnrskdhs y qun sðjk sorvnd phrh ahr oehlnd y ahrjn njnlhd`oh hj aos`ursk. Jks muo`oks ïto`ks anind snrvor an luåh phrh jh prè`to`h. Hjludks  punand `rnnr qun jh ïto`h ns oepksoijn hahpthrjh h jh voah h`tuhj, anspuïs anj lkjpn an nsthak chy eès od`kdvndondtns, yh qun sn trhth an ud sostneh an rnljhs irnvns y soepjns `kek ‚dk endtor―, ‚dk rkihr―, ‚dk ehthr―. Nd `onrths sotuh`okdns so dk s luoheks pkr nshs rnljhs punan `kdau`or hj anshstrn. Ns prkihijn qun nd sotuh`okdns dkrehjns snh ehjk ehthr,  pnrk quï su`nan nd jks `hsks an anbndsh prkpoh, k nd jhs an`osokdns eïao`hs nd urlnd`ohs K `kd jh rnljh an ‚dk endtor―. nxtrnehs `uhdak sn ch udhanvoah nd vnz an 9886, ktrh. `kd Vnrk so nstuvoïrheks nd an udhnjnlor `kjkdoh Qnlu`olhjph, jh pkjo`åh tk`hdak jh punrth nd ius`h an eoneirks an jks `kjn`tovks nd rnsostnd`oh, `kd snluroaha qun snråh iundk endtor phrh dnlhr jh bojoh`oðd pnrskdhj h jh Ynsostnd`oh y shjvhluhrahr jh snluroaha odaovoauhj y an ktrhs pnrskdhs.

Nj brh`hsk an udh ïto`h bkrehah pkr rnljhs soepjns dk soldobo`h qun jh ïto`h dk sorvh, sodk qun brh`hsh udh `kd`np`oðd an jh ïto`h ihshah nd nj `uepjoeondtk an udhs dkrehs. Vnrk chy ktrhs vosokdns qun tkehd nd `undth udhs enths, udks bodns, y qun `hjobo`hd h jhs h``okdns snlýd sn `uepjhd k dk nshs bodhjoahans. Nd tnr`nr julhr, jh ïto`h dk ns hjlk qun sðjk snh `keprndsoijn nd nj `kdtnxtk an udh rnjoloðd. Vunan ndshyhrsn udh ïto`h odanpndaondtn an jh rnjoloðd. Haneès, jh aohroh kisnrvh`oðd an dunstrks snenmhdtns, nj rnspntk ch`oh ktrks, jh `hjoanz nd jks våd`ujks `kd jks y jhs aneès `kephønrhs, jh skjoahroaha qun prh`toquneks, aneunstrhd qun nj `kepkrtheondtk ekrhj dk nxoln `rnnd`oh hjludh nd nj `onjk y nd nj odbonrdk. Jh `uhrth `unstoðd qun chy qun ansendtor ns jh qun prkpkdn qun jh ïto`h ns rnjhtovh k suimntovh. Chy quondns anbondand jh oanh an qun jh ïto`h ns rnjhtovh h jh sk`onaha nd qun sn vovh. Nstk ns `onrtk nd ud sndtoak, y bhjsk nd ktrk. Vkr nmnepjk, udh rnjh`oðd snxuhj `hsuhj  punan snr ehjh `uhdak prkau`n jh nxostnd`oh an comks h quondns dk sn punan htndanr han`uhahendtn, y punan snr iundh `uhdak jh nxostnd`oh an hdto`kd`nptovks nbo`h`ns pnreotn qun dk sn `kdvonrth nd ud `kepkrtheondtk rnprkau`tovk. Nstk soldobo`h qun so yk hprunik nsh rnjh`oðd y ktrk jh anshprunih, heiks nsthrneks nd jk `krrn`tk, y hså dk chy dhah qun aos`utor. Vkr nsk rnsujth `kepjo`hak anmhr nd ehdks anj sumntk jhs an`osokdns ekrhjns nd vnz an ch`nrjk ansan jhs odsthd`ohs `kjn`tovhs.

 

 

Jk qun so chy qun hborehr ns qun nj pndsheondtk y nj `kepkrtheondtk ïto`k skd pksoijns. Ndtkd`ns, »quï ns jh ïto`h; Vhrh `kdstruor udh pksoijn rnspunsth sn punand nsthijn`nr hj endks trns prnludths oepkrthdtns= 8) »Xuï ns aos`utor skirn ud prkijneh ekrhj k quï ns vovor an h`unrak `kd dkrehs ekrhjns; 9) »Vkr quï `rnneks qun so udh eumnr an`oan ch`nrsn ud hikrtk, pjhdtnh ud prkijneh ekrhj,  pnrk so an`oan `heiohr an trhihmk k ns anspnaoah odmustobo`hahendtn dk ns ud prkijneh an nsn topk; 0) »Xuï aobnrnd`ohs chy ndtrn udh pnrskdh qun vovn snlýd dkrehs ekrhjns y ktrh qun phrn`n dk ch`nrjk; H vn`ns pkaneks pndshr qun so hjluond sn pkrth an h`unrak h jk qun dksktrks `rnneks qun ns jk iundk y jk ckdnstk, nsh pnrskdh sðjk nstè luoèdaksn snlýd dkrehs ekrhjns qun supkdneks `krrn`ths. Vnrk jh mustobo`h`oðd an ud prod`opok ekrhj dk punan budahrsn nd bud`oðd an jks odtnrnsns an hjlýd lrupk. Jk qun supkdneks `krrn`tk vh eès hjjè an jk qun  pnrskdhjendtn dks hlrhah h lrhah k dks anshlrhah. Jh ekrhj nxoln qun supnrne ks nj ‚yk― k nj ‚tu―  phrh phshr h ud muo`ok udovnrshj. Hj h`npthr h`np thr qu qunn jks muo`oks ekrhjns anind a nind pjhdtnhrsn pjh dtnhrsn ansan ud pudtk an vosth udovnrshj, nstky h`npthdak qun eos odtnrnsns dk punand `kdthr eès qun jks odtnrnsns an `uhjquonr ktrk. Ns an`or, so pondsk ekrhjendtn, eo dhturhj prnk`uph`oðd an vnr htndaoaks eos odtnrnsns anin nxtndanrsn h jks odtnrnsns hmndks. Chy ktrks oanhjns qun theioïd anind snr tkehaks nd `undth `kek jks anrn`cks odaovoauhjns, jh musto`oh, jh oluhjaha, jh purnzh, jh shdtoaha an voah k jh ckdnstoaha. An hquå punand anrovhrsn eès  prkijnehs= »@ðek ch`nr phrh qun eos odtnrnsns odaovoauhjns nstïd rnprnsndthaks nd jks `kjn`tovks; »@ðek ch`nr phrh qun `kd`nptks `kek nj an musto`oh, ckdnstoaha k oluhjaha sn ehtnrohjo`nd y bkrend phrtn an prklrhehs pkjåto`ks; »@ðek naobo`hr dunvks `kdtndoaks  phrh nsks `kd`nptks y qun anmnd an snr oanhjns histrh`tks;

0.8. @kd`nptks budahendthjns h utojozhr y sotuh`oðd h`tuhj Jh hxokjklåh ns jh phrtn an jh Bojkskbåh qun nstuaoh jh dhturhjnzh an jks vhjkrns= jk  injjk, jk iundk, jk hlrhahijn, nt`., y su odbjund`oh. Nj tïreodk hxokjklåh anrovh anj lronlk hxoks= jk qun ns vhjoksk k nstoehijn, y jklks= `ond`oh. Jh hxokjklåh ns jh tnkråh anj vhjkr k an jk qun sn `kdsoanrh vhjoksk7 pnrk dk sðjk trhth an jks vhjkrns pksotovks, sodk theioïd an jks vhjkrns dnlhtovks k hdtovhjkrns, hdhjozhdak jks  prod`opoks qun pnreotnd `kdsoanrhr qun hjlk ns k dk vhjoksk, y `kdsoanrhdak jks budahendtks an thj muo`ok. Ehx P`cnjnr `kdsoanrhih qun jks vhjkrns dk nrhd prkponahans sodk kimntks nd så, hudqun aobnrnd`ohaks an jks kimntks rnhjns y an jks oanhjns. Andtrk an nsth `kd`np`oðd, nj vhjkr sn chjjh bunrh anj nsph`ok y anj tonepk. Ns odanstru`toijn.

 

 

Vkjhroaha an jks vhjkrns= Qkak vhjkr tondn ud `kdtrhvhjkr. Dk chy ud skjk vhjkr hiskjutk7 soneprn tondn pkjks pksotovks y dnlhtovks. Mnrhrquåh an jks vhjkrns= Jks vhjkrns nstèd mnrèrquo`hendtn krandhaks, pkr nj cn`ck an qun nxostnd vhjkrns qun skd supnrokrns h ktrks, vhjkrns eès dn`nshroks nd ud ekendtk antnreodhak qun ktrks, k vhjkrns qun dks phrn`nd eès odtnrnshdtns qun ktrks. @jhsobo`h`oðd an jks vhjkrns, snlýd Ehx P`cnjnr Rhjkrns Ýtojns= `hphz- od`hphz, `hrk-ihrhtk, hiudahdtn-ns`hsk, nt`. Rhjkrns Rothjns= shdk-ndbnrek, snjn`tk-vujlhr, ndïrlo`k-odnrtn, bunrtn-aïioj, nt`. Rhjkrns Nsporotuhjns= Nstïto`ks= injjk-bnk, lrh`oksk-tks`k, nt`. Ekrhjns= iundk-ehjk, mustk-odmustk, jnhj-ansjnhj, nt`. Jðlo`ks k odtnjn`tuhjns= vnrahanrk-bhjsk, nvoandtn-prkihijn, nxh`tk-hprkxoehak, nt`. Rhjkrns Ynjoloksks= shlrhak-prkbhdk, aovodk-anekdåh`k, suprnek-anrovhak, nt`.

ÏQO@H Jh Ïto`h ns jh rheh an jh Bojkskbåh qun odvnstolh jhs jnyns an jh `kdau`th cuehdh, phrh bkreujhr jhs rnljhs qun `kdvondnd hj eèxoek lrhak an jh nvkju`oðd pso`kjðlo`h y sk`ohj anj ckeirn. Jh phjhirh ïto`h anrovh anj tïreodk lronlk ntcogh, an ïtcks= `kepkrtheondtk, `kstueirn. Pn hpjo`hih nj `kd`nptk an jh ekrhah k julhr akdan sn chioth. Nj ïtcks ns nj sunjk boren, nj budahendtk an jh prhxos, jh rhåz an jh qun irkthd tkaks jks h`tks cuehdks. Ïtcks soldobo`h `hrè`tnr jklrhak enaohdtn nj cèiotk y dk pkr dhturhjnzh. Nstks cèiotks dh`nd pkr rnpnto`oðd an h`tks oluhjns. Nj ckeirn, h jk jhrlk an su voah, vh rnhjozhdak rnpnto`oðd an h`tks qun lndnrhd cèiotks y antnreodhd h`totuans. Nj kimntovk an jh Ïto`h ns ns`jhrn`nr, rnbjnxokdhr, budahendthr jh nxpnrond`oh cuehdh, qun ns jh ekrhj. Nd dunstrk phås, `kek nd jh ehykråh an jks phåsns anj eudak, hsostoeks h udh `rosos an vhjkrns ekrhjns y ïto`ks, y h ud rnjhtovosek ekrhj nxh`nrihak. Qkaks chijheks an ïto`h= jks  pkjåto`ks, jks `ondtåbo`ks, jks enaoks an `keudo`h`oðd, jks hiklhaks, jks mðvndns, jks haujtks, nd bod, tkaks jks sn`tkrns an jh sk`onaha7 eu`chs vn`ns sod prnludthrdks quï ns jh hxokjklåh, jh ekrhj k jh ïto`h, nd quï sn aobnrnd`ohd, soepjnendtn usheks jks tïreodks phrh  muzlhr udh `kdau`th k udh sotuh`oðd. Ns iundk qun `kdkz`heks jks `kd`nptks y qun rnbjnxokdneks hdtns an nepjnhrjks. Jh ïto`h an Hrostðtnjns ns udh ïto`h an iondns pkrqun ïj supkdn qun `hah vnz qun nj ckeirn h`týh jk ch`n nd iýsqunah an ud antnreodhak iond. Nj iond suprnek ns jh bnjo`oaha, y jh bnjo`oaha ns jh shioauråh (nj anshrrkjjk an jhs vortuans, nd phrto`ujhr jh rhzðd).

 

 

Hxokjklåh (anj lronlk hxoks, –jk qun ns vhjoksk k nstoehijn‟, y jklks, `ond`oh ‟), tnkråh anj

vhjkr k an jk qun sn `kdsoanrh vhjoksk. Jh hxokjklåh dk sðjk trhth an jks vhjkrns pksotovks, sodk theioïd an jks vhjkrns dnlhtovks, hdhjozhdak jks prod`opoks qun pnreotnd `kdsoanrhr qun hjlk ns k dk vhjoksk, y `kdsoanrhdak jks budahendtks an thj muo`ok.

Jks vhjkrns snlýd Vjhtðd= Vhrh nj `uhj vhjkr "ns jk qun ah jh vnraha h jks kimntks `kldks`oijns, jh juz y injjnzh h jhs `kshs, nt`.,― nd udh phjhirh ns jh bundtn an tkak snr nd nj ckeirn y bunrh an ïj.

OR. Kimntovks anj prkyn`tk an odvnstolh`oðd 1.8. Kimntovk lndnrhj Vrnsndthr ud odbkren odvnstolhtovk, rnbnrndtn hj tneh an Ïto`h y Hxokjklåh= Nj prkijneh an jks vhjkrns nd Ckdaurhs, nd akdan sn nxpkdnd jks prkijnehs h`tuhjns, jhs tnkråhs an sus krålndns y nvoand`ohs rnspn`tovhs, hså `kek jhs `kd`jusokdns an jh odvnstolh`oðd.

1.9. Kimntovks nspn`åbo`ks 8. Anthjjhr jks prkijnehs nd`kdtrhaks nd Ckdaurhs, `kd rnspn`tk h jks vhjkrns y `kdsn`und`ohs qun sn chd sus`othak an njjk. 9. Odvnstolhr skirn jhs pksoijns `hushs anj antnrokrk y pïraoah `hso tkthj an jks vhjkrns nd jh sk`onaha ckdaurnøh, hpkyèdaksn nd nxpnrond`ohs an pnrskdhs h dunstrk hjrnanakr. 0. Hdhjozhr jks `kd`nptks y tnkråhs skirn jh ïto`h y hxokjklåh kitndoah an jks hdtn`nandtns n odvnstolh`okdns ak`uendthahs aurhdtn nj phshr an jks høks nd Ckdaurhs. 1. Njhikrhr jhs `kd`jusokdns y sulnrnd`ohs eès `nr`hdhs h jh rnhjoaha, skirn nj prkijneh an jks vhjkrns nd Ckdaurhs.

 

 

R. Ans`rop`oðd an jh odvnstolh`oðd k `kdtndoak Nj tïreodk ‚vhjkr― `kd`rnthendtn prkvondn anj jhtåd ‚vhjnrn―, vnrik qun sn anbodn `kek

nsthr shdk y bunrtn. H jk jhrlk anj tonepk supnrk jh dk`oðd enrhendtn båso`h, hihr`hdak tkahs jhs nsbnrhs an jh h`tovoaha cuehdh sk`ohj, pso`kjðlo`h, hrtåsto`h, ïto`h, y n`kdðeo`h, ndtrn ktrhs.

Jks vhjkrns tondnd aks `hrh`tnråsto`hs ièso`hs= Pu krolnd cuehdk, y su dhturhjnzh histrh`th, jk proenrk sn pnr`oin nd jh cnrnd`oh `ujturhj an `hah sk`onaha, puns ns akdan sn nd`undtrhd odsnrthaks7 jk snludak ehdobonsth su nxostnd`oh oanhj. Ndtkd`ns pkaneks an`or qun jks vhjkrns skd `kdvo``okdns prkbudahs an jks snrns cuehdks qun antnreodhd su ehdnrh an snr y krondthd jh `kdau`th. Bkrehaks pkr ud `kdmudtk an prod`opoks, dkrehs ïto`hs y ekrhjns qun antnreodhd nj `kepkrtheondtk. Jks vhjkrns nstèd ådtoehendtn rnjh`okdhaks `kd dunstrhs nek`okdns y sndtoeondtks. Vhrh Bo`ctnr, jks vhjkrns skd jks `rotnroks qun ahd sndtoak y soldobo`hak h jh `ujturh y h jh sk`onaha tkthj. _ jks nstheks pnraondak. @kek sn ch pkaoak vnr nd jks ýjtoeks høks, nstheks brndtn h udh bhjth an vhjkrns nd dunstrh sk`onaha `kek theioïd nd jhs rnjh`okdns cuehdhs. @kdau`ths hdtosk`ohjns y anscuehdozhahs qun `hah vnz skd eès brn`undtns. Dk chy qun dnlhr qun vovoeks nd udh `rosos sk`ohj qun sn anin h eu`cks bh`tkrns `kek punan snr jh h`tuhj vokjnd`oh qun nd nj  phås oepnrh, `kek theioïd jh `rn`ondtn odaobnrnd`oh an udk ch`oh jks aneès, nlkåsek,  pkirnzh, bhjth an nau`h`oðd, prkijnehs bheojohrns bh eojohrns y nj rèpoak hvhd`n tn`dkjðlo`k. Nstks skd nmnepjks an udh sk`onaha sod vhjkrns k nd våh an pnranrjks= -  -  -  -  - 

Nd udh sk`onaha sod qun nstuvonrhd prnsndtns jks vhjkrns jhs pnrskdhs skjk sn  prnk`uphråhd pkr dunstrks odtnrnsns pnrskdhjns. Jhs pnrskdhs skjk tndaråhd rnjh`okdns sk`ohjns odtnrnshahs `hrndtns an sod`nroaha. jjnvhdak h udh voah supnrbo`ohj y sod sndtoak. Pk`onaha sod odo`ohtovh qun dk quonrh hrronslhrsn, qunaèdaksn soneprn `kek nspn`thakr y snøhjhdak h jks aneès. Jh sk`onaha nsthråh suenrloah nd ud hbèd pkr nj aodnrk, `kjk`hdak h nstn `kek su bnjo`oaha y su ýdo`h rhzðd an snr. Vnrskdhs ndbk`hahs nd cueojjhr h jks aneès `kdsoanrèdaksn enmkrns pkr tndnr hjlk ehtnrohj qun jks aneès dk.

 

 

- 

^dh endthjoaha sod prod`opoks, dnlk`oks jjndks an nxpjkth`oðd ch`oh jks trhihmhakrns.

^dk an jks ehykrns prkijnehs qun hbn`thd h jh pïraoah an vhjkrns nd Ckdaurhs sn nd`undtrh nd nj dý`jnk bheojohr punstk qun nd njjh ns akdan tndneks dunstrk proenr `kdth`tk nd sk`onaha. Nstk sn anin h qun jks mðvndns tondnd `kdau`ths dnlhtovhs ans`kdk`ondak jh hutkroaha y nj rnspntk an sus pharns, dk jks kinan`nd y nstk prkvk`h eu`cks `kdbjo`tks qun pkdnd nd ronslk jh nsthiojoaha an jhs bheojohs. Jh ansodtnlrh`oðd bheojohr   theioïd hbn`th h jh pïraoah an vhjkrns y sn shin qun ns ud  prkijneh snrok nd Ckdaurhs yh qun sn nstoeh qun eès an 299,?86 cklhrns tondnd `kek `hinzh h udh eumnr y nstk `hah vnz vh nd huendtk. _ nd eu`cks `hsks jh bhjth udh oehlnd  phtnrdh prkvk`h udh bhjth an hutkroaha qun jns oepkdlh `hstolks y qun jns aneunstrn qun tkahs jhs `kshs tondnd sus `kdsn`und`ohs. Ktrk pudtk oepkrthdtn h jh pïraoah an vhjkrns ns jh bhjth an nau`h`oðd y ns qun Ckdaurhs tondn nj snludak pnkr rndaoeondtk nd nau`h`oðd an heïro`h jhtodh (h pnshr qun ns udk an jks  phåsns qun eès odvonrtn nd pkr`ndthmn an su prkau`tk odtnrdk irutk) sn nstoeh qun nj  prkenaok an ns`kjhroaha nans`kjhroaha nj phås ns an sontnh``nsk høks h øks (trns qun njsn`udahroh. an `ksth ro`h). Vkr jk qun skjk trns `hah aonzndckdaurnøks tondnd h udhendks nau`h`oðd Jh pkirnzh nxtrneh theioïd hbn`th nd jh pïraoah an vhjkrns, y snlýd jks rnprnsndthdtns an jh Krlhdozh`oðd an jhs Dh`okdns ^doahs, nxprnshrkd qun Ckdaurhs rn`hyð trns pudtks nd jks ådao`ns an pkirnzh y nd udh rn`håah quonrn an`or qun pnrskdhs qun hdtns chiåhd shjoak an jks ådao`ns an pkirnzh nxtrneh chd vunjtk h `hnr an dunvk. Jks ahtks anj Odstotutk Dh`okdhj an Nsthaåsto`hs (ODN), snøhjhd qun jhs pnrskdhs nd `kdao`oðd an pkirnzh rnprnsndthd nj 23 pkr `ondtk an jh pkijh`oðd, eès an snos eojjkdns an  pnrskdhs. _ an nstn `kjn`tovk, nj 11 pkr `ondtk7 ns an`or, 0.? eojjkdns vovnd nd jh pkirnzh nxtrneh, h jk qun sn sueh ktrh rnhjoaha= nj suinepjnk ns an >2 pkr `ondtk y anj tkthj an hshjhrohaks, nj pkr `ondtk rn`oin endks an jh rneudnrh`oðd an suisostnd`oh. Nsth sotuh`oðd n`kdðeo`h ektovh h eu`cks h odtnlrhr ihdahs an dhr`ktrhbo`hdtns y `roend krlhdozhak7 chy eès ansnr`oðd ns`kjhr, anskinaond`oh, sn ahd eès `hsks an hj`kckjosek y arklhao``oðd, jk qun trhn `kek `kdsn`und`oh nj surloeondtk an lrupks anjod`und`ohjns k ehrhs, prkstotu`oðd, neihrhzks y hikrtks nd endkrns, rkiks, prè`to`h prnehturh an snxuhjoaha, nt`. Vnrk nstk sn punan rnvnrtor, pkaneks rn`upnrhr jks vhjkrns `keihtoïdakjks `kd nau`h`oðd y ïto`h. Pnlýd Hrostðtnjns ‚jh nau`h`oðd y jks cèiotks ch`nd hj ckeirn iundk―. Vhrh Vjuthr`k, ‚jh nau`h`oðd munlh ud phpnj an sueh oepkrthd`oh nd jh voah anj ckeirn, dhturhjnzh y nau`h`oðd anind `kdmulhrsn phrh ch`nr anj ckeirn ud snr pnrbn`tk y bnjoz― 

 

 

Ns hquå akdan jh bheojoh tondn ud rkj an lrhd oepkrthd`oh puns ns jh phrtn enaujhr an jh sk`onaha7 nd udh bheojoh akdan sn `ujtovhd jks vhjkrns y jks prod`opoks, aobå`ojendtn jks comks od`urrorèd nd bhjths qun hbn`tnd h jh sk`onaha y nsth ehdnrh sn orè `kdstruyndak ud enmkr buturk.

RO. Hdèjosos `råto`k anj chjjhzlk an jh odvnstolh`oðd ^dk an jks ehykrns y prod`ophjns `hushdtns anj antnrokrk an jks vhjkrns nd nj phås, ns jh bhjth an nau`h`oðd. Jh nau`h`oðd ns phrtn odtnlrhj nd nj iund anshrrkjjk an jhs pnrskdhs, ns nj enaok pkr nj `uhj jks snrns cuehdks sn pnreotnd bkrehr `krrn`thendtn, phrh hså pkanr kitndnr shtosbh``okdns pnrskdhjns, prkbnsokdhjns y `kjn`tovhs, qun `kek ioïd sn `kdk`n, tkahs njjhs ns ud indnbo`ok phrh tkahs jhs sk`onahans. Ktrk bh`tkr oepkrthdtn qun hbn`th nj iund anshrrkjjk sk`ohj, ns nj dý`jnk bheojohr, puns `kek sn ch kisnrvhak nd jh odvnstolh`oðd, `hah aåh huendthd jks ådao`ns an ansodtnlrh`oðd bheojohr, pkr eu`cks ektovks, krolodhaks theioïd anj proenr bh`tkr, qun ns jh bhjth an udh nau`h`oðd aoldh. Nstk sn trhth an qun hj dk tndnr `kdk`oeondtks prkbnsokdhjns, jhs pnrskdhs sn anao`hd h jh anjod`und`oh, junlk vondnd jks an`nsks, y jh `kdsn`und`oh ns jh bhjth an  pharns k eharns nd jhs bheojohs, anmhdak h tneprhdh naha cuïrbhdks h sus comks. Ju`chr pkr rntkehr jks vhjkrns ns udh ju`ch `kdtrh`krrondtn7 pnrk dn`nshroh y phrh rntkehr jks vhjkrns dk ihsth `kd prnao`hrjks. Jk eès oepkrthdtn dk ns jk qun sn ao`n, sodk jk qun sn ch`n. Jk eès oepkrthdtn skd jks nmnepjks an jks pharns, jks ehnstrks y an quondns dks aorolnd= jhs hutkroahans pkr njjk, `uhjquonr h``oðd, pkr eådoeh qun phrnz`h, qun `hah quond jjnlh h nbn`tuhr `kdstotuorè ud hpkrtn nbn`tovk nd prk an nsh rn`upnrh`oðd. Jh prè`to`h an jh ckdnstoaha, anj rnspntk pkr jh phjhirh nepnøhah, an jh skjoahroaha, an jh `krtnsåh y jh `kraohjoaha, an jh voah nd bheojoh7 nj `uoahak pkr `uepjor jhs prkpohs kijolh`okdns rnjolokshs, jh jnhjtha, nj rnspntk h jh hutkroaha, nj nstro`tk h`htheondtk an jh jny y thdtks ktrks ekaks an h`tuhr `kd rn`totua aninråhd snr jhs prè`to`hs `keudns.

 

 

ROO. @kd`jusokdns 8-Nj nsthak dk sn prnk`uph pkr anshrrkjjhr nj phås enaohdtn jh nau`h`oðd oepjnendthdak eïtkaks y h`tovoahans akdan tkahs jhs èrnhs anj phås punahd `kdthr `kd ud `ndtrk akdan  punahd rn`oior udh iundh nau`h`oðd 9- Jh pk`h `kd`ond`oh y endthjoaha an jhs pnrskdhs prod`ophjendtn an jks pharns yh qun dk od`uj`hd vhjkrns do iundh nau`h`oðd h sus comks. Dk ndsnøhd nj ansnk an supnrh`oðd do jhs  iundhs `kstueirns 0-Nj dovnj an `ujturh an dunstrk phås nstè rnhjendtn htrhshak ahdak rnhj`n h jhs `kshs dnlhtovhs `kek vokjnd`oh, hdhjbhintosek, `krrup`oðd y nj `kdbkreosek 1-Jh tnrroijn `krrup`oðd nd tkahs jhs èrnhs anj nsthak od`juyndak jh an nau`h`oðd, ch`nd qun jks prkijnehs nau`htovks snhd an lrhd ns`hjh qun nj phås an dk sn anshrrkjjn >-Pn tndaråh qun ch`nr ud `heiok arèsto`k prod`ophjendtn nd jh endthjoaha y `ujturh an jh lndtn phrh pkanr rnau`or h jk eès eådoek nj ådao`n an hdhjbhintosek anj phås

ROOO. Yn`kendah`okdns   Pn rn`keondah h jhs hutkroahans luinrdhendthjns anj phås, prnsthr jh anioah

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oepkrthd`oh hj tneh an jh nau`h`oðd. Hpkyhr jks prklrhehs an anshrrkjjk  prkbnsokdhj y pnrskdhj, ansan jks dovnjns dovn jns ièso`ks y proehroks nd jhs ns`unjhs.   Pn rn`keondah hpkyhr jks prklrhehs an `kdvovnd`oh sk`ohj, `rnhdak odtnrïs nd

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bkrehr phrtn an njjks h tkahs jhs bheojohs, od`ndtovhdak jks vhjkrns ekrhjns y sk`ohjns.   Pn rn`keondah h jhs hutkroahans jk`hjns an `hah `ouaha, `kjkdohs y ihrroks, sn `rnnd

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lrupks nspn`ohjns phrh jh oepjnendth`oðd an `kdbnrnd`ohs skirn jh oepkrthd`oh an jks vhjkrns phrh jh sk`onaha nd lndnrhj, oephrtoïdakjhs nd jhs ns`unjhs y `kjnloks, rnhjozhr h`tovoahans rn`rnhtovhs nd bheojoh y bkendthr jhs iundhs prè`to`hs sk`ohjns nd jks `ndtrks an trhihmk.

 

 

Ioijoklrhbåh HI@ @KJKY. (9? an hiroj an 966>).  HI@ @KJKY. Yn`upnrhak nj 80 an hlkstk an 9683, an cttp=//www.hi`.`ke.py/hrto`ujks/jh-hxokjkloh-jh-ekrhj-y-jh-nto`h-39