Proyecto de Tesis

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‖NH[FBHBIU@CNÓI EB RI [F@I EB H@IUBINHNBIUJ CBIUQ@EJ BI F@ CJIDN@ANFNE@E [@Q@ BPRN[JS EB SJSUBINHNBIUJ AJFUBQ 77‘

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EN@] C@AQBQ@ C@QFJS ]@C@QN@S • S@ICGB] C@QEBI@S, @IUGJI^ • GR@H@I H@H@IN FBJINE@S

 

0 [F@IUB@HNBIUJ EBF [QJAFBH@ 0.0 ebscrnpcnói ebf prjafbh`   Bf sjstbinhnbitj hbc`inz`ej eb f` hnibrè` suatbrràib` bs huy nhpjrt`itb, y c`ab rbc`fc`r qub pjr f` i`tur`fbz` ebf tr`a`mj, tje` f`ajr qub sb g`cb bi bf nitbrnjr eb f` hni` sb rb`fnz` bi bsp`cnjs v`cèjs, cji nibst`anfne`ebs, prjeuctj eb f` rjtur` eb f` rjc` j hnibr`f bxtr`èej? p`r` fjlr`r qub sb h`itbil` iubv`hbitb bst`afb f` zji` y bi cjiencnjibs eb tr`a`m`rf`, f` zji` ebab eb rbenstrnaunr f`s dubrz`s, p`r` bffj bs ibcbs`rnj `pjy`r nihben`t`hbitb cji bf rbdubrzj j bf sjstbinhnbitj `ebcu`ej, cjisnebr`iej bf tnpj eb rjc`s, d`ff`s cji rbffbij, d`ff`s `anbrt`s, bitrb jtrjs.

 

Ebanej ` f`s cjiencnjibs eb tr`a`mj, f`s bhprbs`s hnibr`s cjiencnji`i qub fjs bqunpjs p`r` hnibrè` suatbrràib` sua-cjitr`t`ejs h`itbil`i ui hèinhj eb 7;% eb enspjinanfne`e hbcàinc`

 

0.1 Djrhuf`cnói ebf prjafbh` 0.1.0 [rjafbh` lbibr`f •

ºCóhj hbmjr`r f` lbstnói eb h`itbinhnbitj eb fjs bqunpjs eb sjstbinhnbitj Ajftbr 77:

  0.1.1 [rjafbh`s bspbcèdncjs • • •

 

ºCóhj sb nebitndncó fjs snstbh`s crètncjs bi bf bqunpj Ajftbr 77: ºCóhj ebtbrhni`r fjs hjejs y bdbctjs eb d`ff` qub sb prbsbit`i bi bf bqunpj: ºCóhj sb pubeb rbeucnr f` c`itne`e eb h`itbinhnbitjs cjrrbctnvjs bi fjs bqunpjs:

 

0.3 Jambtnvjs 0.3.0 Jambtnvj lbibr`f •

Hbmjr`r f` lbstnói eb h`itbinhnbitj eb fjs bqunpjs eb sjstbinhnbitj Ajftbr 77 `pfnc`iej f` hbtjejfjlè` ebf h`itbinhnbitj cbitr`ej bi f` cjidn`anfne`e.

  0.3.1 Jambtnvjs bspbcèdncjs •

Nebitndnc`r fjs snstbh`s crètncjs ebf bqunpj hben`itb ui `iàfnsns eb crntncne`e.

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Ebtbrhni`r fjs hjejs y bdbctjs eb d`ff` ebf bqunpj bi ebtbrhni`e`s cjiencnjibs eb jpbr`cnói. Qbeucnr f` c`itne`e eb h`itbinhnbitjs cjrrbctnvjs bi bf bqunpj.

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0.5 Mustndnc`cnói Mustndnc`cnói prjeuctnv` •

Qbeucnr fjs tnbhpjs eb p`r`e` eb f` hàquni` Ajftbr 77 jatbinbiej `sè hàs gjr`s eb prjeuccnói pjr bieb h`yjr rbit`anfne`e bi bf ibljcnj.

Mustndnc`cnói sblurne`e •

nicrbhbit`r f` cjidn`anfne`e jpbr`cnji`f eb f` hàquni` Ajftbr 77 jatbinbiej ui prjcbsj hàs sblurj p`r` ui bqunpj qub bs crètncj bi bf cncfj eb hni`ej.

Mustndnc`cnói bcjióhncj •  @pfnc`iej bst` hbtjejfjlè` eb lbstnói sb ausc` rbeucnr fjs cjstjs bi h`itbinhnbitj, jptnhnz`iej bf stjco eb rbpubstjs y `ebhàs eb `prjvbcg`r hbmjr f`s gjr`s gjharb, y t`hanîi jatbibr hbijs p`r`e`s eb hàquni` qub sb cjivnbrtbi bi h`yjr rbit`anfne`e p`r` bf prjcbsj.

 

1 @IUBCBEBIUB 1.0 I`cnji`f •

Abcbrr` y [`ufnij (1;01) ebs`rrjff`rji f` tbsns tntuf`e` ‖Bf `iàfnsns eb cjidn`anfne`e cjhj gbrr`hnbit` p`r` jptnhnz`r f` lbstnói ebf h`itbinhnbitj prbvbitnvj eb fjs bqunpjs eb f` fèib` eb dfjt`cnói bi ui cbitrj hnibrj‘, bi bsb tr`a`mj fjs `utjrbs bv`fu`i y `i`fnz`i f` rbf`cnói c`us`- bdbctj eb f`s v`rn`afbs= ‖Bf @iàfnsns eb Cjidn`anfne`e‘ y ‖Jptnhnz`r f` Lbstnói ebf H`itbinhnbitj eb fjs Bqunpjs eb f` Fèib` eb Dfjt`cnói eb f` [f`it` Cjicbitr`ejr` Abri` NN‘ bi bf Cbitrj Hnibrj C`s`p`fc`, bicjitr`iej cjhj rbsuft`ej, ui` ebdncnbitb Lbstnói ebf H`itbinhnbitj eb fjs bqunpjs crètncjs eb f` fèib` eb dfjt`cnói, cjhj cjisbcubicn` eb f` d`ft` eb cjijcnhnbitj ebf pbrsji`f eb h`itbinhnbitj eb f` pf`it`, rbdbrbitb ` f`s tîcinc`s cu`fnt`tnv`s y cu`itnt`tnv`s j bst`eèstnc`s ebf h`itbinhnbitj, qub nivjfucr`i bf `iàfnsns eb cjidn`anfne`e, h`itbinanfne`e y enspjinanfne`e eb bqunpjs y snstbh`s, bitrb jtrjs cjicbptjs.

 

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[`fjh`rbs (1;02) ebs`rrjffó f` tbsns tntuf`e` ‖Nhpfbhbit`cnói ebf h`itbinhnbitj h`itbinhnbi tj cbitr`ej bi f` cjidn`anfne`e (QCH) `f snstbh` eb nz`mb hnibr`f, eb f` Cjhp`ðè` Hnibr` Hnfpj, uine`e ‖Bf [jrvbinr‘, bi bstb tr`a`mj bf `utjr rb`fnz` ui` nivbstnl`cnói cu`itnt`tnv`, cuy`s bt`p`s dubrji eb rbcjfbccnói eb e`tjs, bv`fu`cnói y bf`ajr`cnói ebf pf`i `pfnc`iej f` hbtjejfjlè` ebf QCH Tnff`fjajs (1;;4) ebs`rrjffó f` tbsns tntuf`e` ‖H`itbinhnbitj cbitr`ej ` f` cjidn`anfne`e p`r` tr`isdjrh`ejrbs tr`isdjrh`ejrbs eb pjtbicn`‘ bi bstb tr`a`mj bf `utjr `pfnc` bf h`itbinhnbitj cbitr`ej ` f` cjidn`anfne`e `pfnc`ej ` tr`isdjrh`ejrbs tr`isdjrh`ejr bs eb pjtbicn`, a`s`ej bi trbs tîcinc`s lbibr`fbs ebf h`itbinhnbitj h`itbinhnbi tj cjrrbctnvj, prbvbitnvjtb y su a`s`ej bi f` ebf bqunpj.  @ebhàs sb cjhp`r` cjhp`r ` bcjióhnc`hbitb bcjióhnc`hbi nhp`ctj bicjiencnói fjs prjlr`h`s prjlr`h`s eb h`itbinhnbitj h`itbinhnbi tj eb fjs tr`isdjrh`ejrbs.

 

1.1 Nitbri`cnji`f •

Abri`f (1;01) ebs`rrjffó f` tbsns tntuf`e` ‖Ensbðj y bv`fu`cnói bcjióhnc` eb pf`i eb h`itbinhnbitj cbitr`ej bi f` cjidn`anfne`e p`r` snstbh` eb pubrt`s eb trbi IS>3‘, bi bff` ebs`rrjff` bf ensbðj y bv`fu`cnói bcjióhnc` eb ui pf`i eb h`itbinhnbitj, p`r` cjhpjibitbs cjhpjibitbs crètncjs, ebf snstbh` eb pubrt`s ebf trbi IS>3 hben`itb f` gbrr`hnbit` QCH (h`itbinhnbitj a`s`ej bi f` cjidn`anfne`e).

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A`rrbe` (1;02) ebs`rrjffó f` tbsns tntuf`e` ‖[f`i eb h`itbinhnbitj cbitr`ej bi f` cjidn`anfne`e (Q.C.H.) bi f` BE@Q Eb Iufbs-Tnf`vbff`, bi bff` rb`fnzó bf bstuenj y f` `pfnc`cnói eb f` hbtjejfjlè` Q.C.H (‖Qbfn`anfnty Cbitbrbe H`nitbi`icb‘ j H`itbinhnbitj Cbitr`ej bi f` Cjidn`anfne`e) p`r` bst`afbcbr bf pf`i eb h`itbinhnbitj hàs `prjpn`ej p`r` f` BE@Q eb Iufbs-Tnf`vbff`. F` dni`fne`e ebf bstuenj, dub `uhbit`r f` dn`anfne`e eb f` nist`f`cnói, bs ebcnr, rbeucnr bf tnbhpj eb p`r`e` pjr `vbrè` nibspbr`e` bi f` BE@Q.

 

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Hbeni`

(1;07)

ebs`rrjffó

f`

tbsns

tntuf`e`

‖Nhpfbhbit`cnói

ebf

h`itbinhnbitj cbitr`ej bi f` cjidn`anfne`e (QCH) bi Scgfuhabrlbr \nrbfnib‘, bi bff` bf `utjr bf`ajr` ui pf`i p`r` bf prjcbsj eb nhpfbhbit`cnói ebf sbrvncnj eb h`itbinhnbitj cbitr`ej bi f` cjidn`anfne`e (QCH) ` fjs bqunpjs, cji f` dni`fne`e eb hninhnz`r sus d`ff`s, rbeucnr bf cjstj ebf h`itbinhnbitj y f` r`cnji`fnz`cnói eb fjs bqunpjs bi f`s jpbr`cnjibs. Bst`afbcb bf crntbrnj p`r` nincn`r f` nhpfbhbit`cnói ebf QCH bi Scgfuhabrlbr \nrbfnib (SFA-\F). Sbfbccnji` ui` gbrr`hnbit` eb SFA\F ` f` qub sb fb `pfnc`rà bf prjcbsj QCH y qub sbrvnrà eb pnfjtj p`r` rbpfnc`rfj ebitrj eb f` jrl`inz`cnói. @i`fnz` fjs hjejs eb d`ff`s eb f` gbrr`hnbit`, ` p`rtnr eb fjs nicnebitbs rbpjrt`ejs y eb fjs `ft`hbitb prja`afbs qub pube`i jcurrnr. Bf`ajr` f`s 04 nistruccnjibs eb tr`a`mj bstàie`r S\N (St`ie`re \jro Nistructnji) p`r` bf h`itbinhnbitj eb f` gbrr`hnbit` sbfbccnji`e`.

 

 Hnibrè` F` hnibrè` bs f` `ctnvne`e eb bxtr`ccnói eb hnibr`fbs ebf suasubfj qub bs rb`fnz`e` hben`itb endbrbitbs tnpjs eb prjcbsjs eb bxtr`ccnói, bf cu`f nivjfucr`= rbcursj guh`ij, bqunpjs bspbcn`fnz`ejs, cjijcnhnbitj eb bxtr`ccnói, btc. Bs ui` dubitb bcjióhnc` eb crbcnhnbitj y ebs`rrjffj ebf p`ès, bf pbrý tnbib ui` v`rnbe`e cjisnebr`afb eb hni`s pjfnhbtàfnc`s, fj cu`f fj g`cb nitbrbs`itb `f nivbrsnjinst` bxtr`imbrj. Bstà rblf`hbit`e` hben`itb f` fby lbibr`f eb f` hnibrè` qub dub prjhufl`e` bi bf ebcrbtj suprbhj E.S. I» ;05->1. Ejieb sb bstnpuf` f`s `ctnvne`ebs hnibr`s, djrh`s eb bmbrcbr f` hnibrè`, cjicbsnjibs hnibr`s, btc.

 

 Hîtjejs eb hnibrè` Sb envnebi bi= • Bxpfjt`cnói supbrdncn`f= Bs bhpfb`ej pjr f` lr`i hnibrè` b nhpfnc` `ft` prjeuccnói, ebijhni`ejs cjhj hni` ` cnbfj `anbrtj j hni` ` t`mj `anbrtj (jpbi pnt).Bf prjcbsj cècfncj bi hni` supbrdncn`fbs cjhprbieb eb= pbrdjr`cnói, vjf`eur`, c`rluèj y tr`ispjrtb. •hnibrè` Bxpfjt`cnói suatbrràib`= hnibrè` ` sjc`vói j uiebrlrjuie, bs bfU`hanîi prjcbsj ebijhni`e` eb bxtr`ccnói eb hnibr`f qub sb rb`fnz` pjr eba`mj eb f` cjrtbz` tbrrbstrb hben`itb vè`s j sjc`vjibs qub sji rb`fnz`ejs cji bqunpjs bspbcn`fnz`ejs p`r` bstb tnpj eb bxtr`ccnói.

 

[rjcbsjs eb f` hnibrè` suatbrràib` Fjs prjcbsjs qub nhpfnc`i f` bxtr`ccnói bi hnibrè` suatbrràib` sji fjs snlunbitbs=

 

Bqunpjs eb sjstbinhnbitj

Sji bqunpjs qub arnie`i f` sblurne`e bi bf prjcbsj eb bxtr`ccnói ebf hnibr`f, `sblur`iej bf tbcgj y f`s c`m`s eb f`s l`fbrè`s, tnbibi cjhj prjpósntj e`r sjfnebz ` f`s p`rbebs ebf sjc`vói y bvnt`r qub sb ebrruhabi j sb cnbrrbi f`s l`fbrè`s pjr bdbctj eb f`s prbsnjibs nitbri`s eb f`s rjc`s. Bstjs bqunpjs rb`fnz`i pbrdjr`cnjibs vbrtnc`fbs bi tbcgj y pnsj, t`hanîi rb`fnz`i pbrdjr`cnjibs gjrnzjit`fbs, bf cu`f fjs g`cb huy vbrsàtnfbs bi f` pbrdjr`cnói. Bstjs bqunpjs bstài prjvnstjs eb ui` ejafb vnl` bi bf cu`f v` nist`f`ej, bi ui` vnl` ui` pbrdjr`ejr` gneràufnc` qub rb`fnz` bf t`f`erj, y bi f` jtr` vnl` ui` pbrdjr`ejr` gneràufnc` qub rb`fnz` bf tr`a`mj eb bhpumb b nist`f`ej eb pbrijs bi f` rjc`.

 

H`itbinhnbitj F` Burjpb`i Dbebr`tnji jd I`tnji`f H`nitbi`icb Sjcnbtnbs (0>