Proyecto de Intervención Adulto Mayor
August 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Xlfêtiaj j trjoj`jr lg lc pcjg hl igtlrvlgaiñg Hislúm hl pcjg hl igtlrvlgaiñg pjrj cj jalptjaiñg hl cms ajfoims qul surdlg j pjrtir hl cj amghiaiñg ltêrlj hlc drupm –Jhmrjhmrjs hlc sjgtæsifm‖ plrtlglailgtls j cj pjrrmquij Qjg @ujg Lvjgdlcistj hlc ojrrim Ajialhm Jctm :.
½Zué tlfêtiaj jomrhjrê lg su hislúm hl pcjg hl igtlrvlgaiñg=
Jalptjaiñg hl cms ajfoims (oimcñdiams, psiamcñdiams psiamcñdiams y smaijcls) qul surdlg j pjrtir hl cj amghiaiñg ltêrlj lg pmocjaiñg jhuctj fjymr.-jslsm jc drupm pmrqul amty tlgij tlgij lc amgtjatm amgtjatm ‑ jomrhj`l tlmriam tlmriam pjrj vlr sldðg sldðg cj tlmri aujc ls cjprmoclfjtiaj hlc jchuctm fjym aujgm ccldj j lsj ltjpj -smclhjh hlprlsiñg plrhihjs. Lsm cm hial cj tlmræj ‑ sig lfojrdm tjfoiég sl bizm ug hijdgmstiam y ms hifms aulgtj qul cj tlrmri si tlgij rlcjaiñg qul smgcj tlfjtiajs quls l jomrhjgl lcpcjg hl igtlrvlgaiñg ?.
½J qué amfugihjh ousaj ifpjatjr=
Jhuctms fjymrls plrtlglailgtls jc drupm –Jhmrjhmrjs hlc Qjgtæsifm‖ hl cj pjrrmquij Qjg @ujg Lvjgdlcistj hlc ojrrim Ajialhm Jctm. 1.
½Zué mo`ltivm sl pcjgtlj amfm psiañcmdm pjrj jomrhjr cj situjaiñg=
Cmdrjr cj jalptjaiñg hl cms ajfoims (oimcñdiams, psiamcñdiams psiamcñdiams y smaijcls) qul surdlg j pjrtir hl cj amghiaiñg ltjrlj lg cms jhuctms fjymrls plrtlglailgtls jc drupm –Jhmrjhmrjs hlc Qjgtæsifm‖ Q jgtæsifm‖ hl cj pjrrmquij Qjg @ujg Lvjgdlcistj hlc ojrrim Ajialhm Jctm. Igtrmhuaaiñg0 _lclvjgaij smaijc hl cj tlfêtiaj lsamdihj
Xlgilghm lg aulgtj qul lc jhuctm fjymr hlol jtrjvlsjr pmr ugj slril hl prmalsms dlglrjaimgjcls y qul su plralpaiñg erlgtl j lstms ajfoims ajfoims pulhl slr gldjtivj gldjtivj lg aujgtm j hielrlgtls jsplatms jsplatms amfm smg, cj cj smclhjh qul sl pulhl prlslgtjr hloihm j jcdugjs pérhihjs j cjs aujcls sl lgerlgtjg,(jativihjhls lgerlgtjg,(jativihjhls amfm sjctjr amrrlr) lc lstrés qul fuabms fjgieilstjg hloihm j qul sl silgtlg suolstifjhms suolstifjhms pmr cj pérhihj hl jcdugjs eugaimgls, jsæ amfm tjfoiég, cj hieiauctjh lg lstrjtédijs hl jermgtjfilgtm, (gihm vjaim )jutm amgalptm(gm sirvm smy ugj ajrdj ug lstmrom ), lgtrl mtrjs. Qurdl cj glalsihjh hl arljr ug prmylatm, qul sl lgaulgtrl lgajfigjhm bjaij sjcuh flgtjc hl lstj pmocjaiñg lg pjrtiaucjr, hlshl lc pcjgm hl cm amfugitjrim, j pjrtir hlc aujc, sl tmfjg amfm ojsl cms jsplatms tlñriams hl cj hisaipcigj, amfm ls cj psiamcmdæj amfugitjrij hl cj sjcuh, lc fmhlcm tlñriam hl prlvlgaiñg y hl lstrés psiamsmaijc, jsæ fisfm, jcdugms amgalptms hl cj psiamcmdæj dlriêtriaj, lg aujgtm j cms ajfoims hl cj jhuctlz fjymr. Ajol slújcjr qul cj jpciajaiñg y l`lauaiñg hl lstl prmylatm hl igtlrvlgaiñg, jc surdir hl ug hijdgñstiam rljc, ( j pjrtir hl ccjfjhjs )sl amgstituiræj lg ug lclflgtm eughjflgtjc pjrj fl`mrjr lc oilglstjr y ajcihjh hl vihj hl cjs igtldrjgtls hlc drupm –Jhmrjhmrjs hlc sjgtæsifm‖, lc aujc sl tmfñ amfm rlelrlgaij pjrj lc hlsjrrmccm hlc prlslgtl. Cj rlclvjgaij qul tilgl cm qul vjfms j bjalr, qul ls cm ifpmrtl hlc trjoj`m qul vjfms j bjalr Xrjoj`jr cj sjcuh flgtjc hlshl cj psiamcmdæj amfugitjrij
LGEMZ\L OJQJHMQ LG CJ ^QIAMCMDÆJ AMF\GIXJ_IJ HL CJ QJC\H, tmfjghm hl lstjs hms fmhlcms tlñriams :. Fmhlcm tlñriam hl prlvlgaiñg ?. Lc hl lstrés psiamsmaijc
Eughjflgtjaiñg tlñriaj hlc pcjg hl igtlrvlgaiñg LGEMZ\L ^siamcmdæj amfugitjrij hl cj sjcuh
Lc hlsjrrmccm hlsjrrmccm hlc prlslgtl prlslgtl pcjg hl igtlrvlgaiñg, igtlrvlgaiñg, sl prmpmgl hlshl cj rjfj hl cj psiamcmdæj amfugitjrij amfugitjrij hl cj sjcuh, hloihm j qul sldðg Fjsitu, Blrrlrm, Ajgtlrj y Fmgtlgldrm (?>>8), lstj, sl emajcizj emajcizj lg jsplatms amfugls y amfpjrtihms hl ug drupm, prigaipjcflgtl prigaipjcflgtl lg su eugaimgjfilgtm eugaimgjfilgtm psiamcñdiam, prlstjghm lsplaijc jtlgaiñg j su vlrtilgtl gldjtivj, pjtmcñdiaj y prmoclfêtiaj, jsæ amfm tjfoiég j cj pmsitivj, sjcuhjocl y mptifizjocl. Hl lstl fmhm, ls ifpmrtjgtl rlajcajr, qul lc drupm –Jhmrjhmrjs hlc sjgtæsifm‖, prlslgtjoj jsplatms psiamcñdiams ifpmrtjgtls ifpmrtjgtls amfpjrtihms amfm cm smg0 hieiauctjh lg cj rlsmcuaiñg hl amgecia amgeciatms, tms, rlabjzm hl mtrms drupms y ejctj hl amfugiajaiñg, ajfoims qul amgcclvj lc aiacm vitjc, lstrjtldijs hl jermgtjfilgtm jermgtjfilgtm hiseugaimgjcls, jutmamgalptm jutmamgalptm gldjtivm y bjoicihjhls prlajrijs hl rlsicilgaij; jsplatms qul mrilgtjg lc pcjg hl igtlrvlgaiñg. Jsæ fisfm, fisfm, ajol slújcjr, qul qul cms fisfms jutmrls jutmrls flgaimgjg, flgaimgjg, qul0 qul0 Cj emrfj emrfj amfugitjrij amfugitjrij hl amgvivlgaij tilgl ojsl mrdêgiaj, gjturjc, lfmaimgjc, lspmgtêglj, fmrjc, lstjocl y vitjc, cm qul sl lvihlgaij lg cj pmocjaiñg j slr igtlrvlgihj, lg cj fjglrj hl rlcjaimgjrsl lgtrl lccms, j pjrtir hl ajrjatlræstiajs lg amfðg amfm cj lhjh, lc cudjr lg lc qul bjoitjg, sus arllgaijs rlcidimsjs, lc jpldm j ailrtjs amstuforls, ihljs y/m dustms hlc pjsjhm, lgtrl mtrjs. –Lgtrl cms l`lfpcms hlc fmhm amfugitjrim hl vihj igvmaj cj ejficij, lc vlaighjrim, cj triou, cjs jdrupjaimgls rlcidimsjs y cj gjaiñg, igstituaimgls qul, lg hleigitivj, emr`jg sus vægaucms smorl cj ojsl hl cj tilrrj, cj sjgdrl, cj trjhiaiñg, cms sæfomcms, cjs arllgaijs m cms slgtifilgtms amfpjrtihms‖ (p. 19). Hl lstl fmhm, sl hlstjaj tjfoiég, qul sldðg Fjistu, lt jc. , ?>>8), cms lgtmrgms amfugitjrims, jc tilfpm qul igtldrjg jc ighivihum lg cj smailhjh, cl prmpmraimgjg lg drjg flhihj ug fjram hl igtlrjaaiñg, jpmym, plrtlglgaij l ihlgtihjh, cm aujc cl prmtldl amgtrj lc hlsjrrjidm, lc jiscjfilgtm y cj smclhjh, pmr cm tjgtm, jc amgstituirsl lc drupm –Jhmrjhmrjs hlc Qjgtæsifm‖, lg ug amclativm amgstituihm, plrfitl qul cj igtlrvlgaiñg slj olgleiaimsj pjrj lc fisfm. fisfm. Ql pulhl bjalr pmrqul pmrqul ls ug drupm amg ajrjatlræstiaj ajrjatlræstiajss lg amfðg amfm lhjh,arllgaijs lhjh,arllgaijs ,rlcidimsms Xlgilghm lg aulgtj qul lstj rjfj hl cj psiamcmdæj amfugitjrij hl cj sjcuh, prlstj drjg igtlrés j cj sjcuh flgtjc, cj aujc ifpciaj ailrtm drjhm hl bmflmstjsis(lquiciorim) lgtrl cjs histigtjs lselrjs hlc slr bufjgm, gm vistm hlshl cj ighivihujcihjh, sigm j givlc amclativm, sl hlstjaj, qul cms sægtmfjs gm smg ðgiajflgtl cj eulgtl hlc prmoclfj, sigm, qul jojraj jcdm fês jfpcim, tjc amfm cj jeirfj lc Jatj amgstituaimgjc (aitjhj lg Fjistu, lt jc., ?>>8), jc hlair qul0 ^M_Z\L ^QIAMCMDIJ AMF\GIXJ_IJ HL CJ QJC\H ^M_Z\L UJFMQ J X_JOJ@J_ LG CJ QJC\H FLGXJC Cj Mrdjgizjaiñg Fughijc hl cj Qjcuh ifpucsj ug amgslgsm arlailgtl lgtmrgm j cj glalsihjh hl suplrjr lc lgemqul lxacusivjflgtl algtrjhm lg cms sægtmfjs, trjstmrgms, héeiaits y hiseugaimgls y hl jtlghlr primritjrijflgtl primritjrijflgtl j cj sjcuh pmsitivj, hlgtrm hl ug fmhlcm igtldrjc, hmghl sl jrtiaucjg lg ug
pcjgm hl idujchjh idujchjh lc oilglstjr eæsiam, lamgñfiam lamgñfiam y smaijc (p. 88) gm smcm gms vjfms j vjsjr lg lc prmoclfj sigm lc lquiciorim hlc oilglstjr eæsiam, eæsiam, lamgñfiam lamgñfiam y smaijc Cm jgtlrimr, plrfitl hicuaihjr lc trjoj`m j rljcizjr amg lc drupm lg aulstiñg, lg cj flhihj qul gm sl algtrjrê lg cj igtlrvlgaiñg ighivihujc y/m acægiaj hl trjstmrgms, jctlrjaimgls psiamcñdiajs m prmoclfjs rlcjaimgjhms amg lstj æghmcl, sigm fês oilg, sl bjrê égejsis lg cj sjcuh pmsitivj prigaipjcflgtl lg cms fmhlcms hl prlvlgaiñg y hl lstrés psiamsmaijc, qul igacuyl lstj rjfj. Fmhlcm hl prlvlgaiñg
^rlvlgir gm amgsistl eughjflgtjcflgtl eughjflgtjcflgtl lg tlmrizjr m igtlrprltjr, gi tjfpmam lg jpciajr jpciajr ug fétmhm fétmhm m ugj téagiaj hl igtlrvlgaiñg lsplaæeiams. lsplaæeiams. Ql trjtj fês oilg hlc lelatm amfoigjhm hl ugj jatituh, ugj plrsplativj, ug ug fmhm hl vlr cj rljcihjh y ugj mpaiñg mpaiñg lstrjtédiaj, lstrjtédiaj, qul ighualg j plgsjr plgsjr y j jatujr jatujr hl ugj emrfj ajrjatlræstiaj0 fmhieiajghm igtlgaimgjcflgtl igtlgaimgjcflgtl lc prlvisiocl hlvlgir gjturjc hl cms jamgtlaifilgtms, jamgtlaifilg tms, jatujghm smorl cms ejatmrls dlglrjhmrls hl su prmalsm. Cj prlvlgaiñg lg fjyðsaucjs ls cj prifjrij. Hlgtrm hl lccj, cj Dlgériaj, hiridihj jc amg`ugtm hl cj pmocjaiñg, prltlghl fl`mrjr cj ajcihjh y cjs amghiaimgls hl vihj lg cjs vlrtilgtls, smaijc y oimsmaimcñdiaj (...) Cj prlvlgaiñg prifjrij prifjrij ls prmjativj prmjativj pmrqul prmaurj lvitjr lvitjr cj irrupaiñg irrupaiñg hl cms ejatmrls ejatmrls lstrlsjgtls lstrlsjgtls y ls "rljativj" aujghm igtlgtj rlemrzjr cms rlaursms hl plrsmgjs y drupms lg situjaiñg hl rilsdm pjrj jermgtjr lxplrilgaijs lstrlsjgtls lstrlsjgtls (p.) vlr cj rljcihjh y pmglr lstrjtldij, plgsjr qul tmhms cjs plrsmgjs qul gm tilglg tilglg cj fisfj fisfj prmoclfêtiaj prmoclfêtiaj plrm bjy jsplatms jsplatms amfpjrtihms amfm amfm cj lhjh ^_LULGAIÑG- ^_LULGAIÑG ^_IFJ_IJ prmjativj ousaj lvitjr ejatmrls lstrlsjgtls ‑ ^_LULGAIÑG DLGÉ_IAJ hiridihj jc amg`ugtm hl cj pmocjaiñg Lvitjr y j cms qul yj rlemrzjr
Fmhlcm hl lstrés psiamsmaijc
Lc lgemqul amfugitjrim hlc lstrés psiamsmaijc amgaiol cj vihj smaijc amfm ug lsalgjrim hl
lxplrilgaijs hl tlgsiñg psiamcñdiaj hlrivjhjs hl cjs hieiauctjhls hl jhjptjaiñg plrsmgjc j hltlrfigjhms ifplrjtivms ifplrjtivms hlc lgtmrgm vitjc.( Lg lstms ajsms pmr cj amghiaiñg ltêrlj )Lstl lgemqul amfoigj cjs plrsplativjs lamcñdiaj, qul plrfitl ihlgtieiajr lspjaims (amgtlxtms y situjaimgls eæsiamsmaijcls) hmghl gjalg hltlrfigjhjs eulgtls hl lstrés psiamsmaijc, y cj trjgsjaaimgjc, qul prlstj lsplaijc jtlgaiñg j cms tilfpms (prmalsms, ejsls) ajfoims eæsiams lg qul juflgtj lc rilsdm hl hiseugaimgls psiamcñdiajs psiamcñdiajs pmr lstrés (Fisitu, lt jc., ?>>8; p. :>), –Cj jhuctlz fjymr ls ugj ltjpj hlc hlsjrrmccm hlc slr bufjgm qul igiaij j cms 5> júms y tlrfigj lg lc fmflgtm lg lc qul cj plrsmgj ejcclal, y sl ajrjatlrizj pmr slr ug plrimhm hl drjghls ajfoims lg tmhjs cjs êrljs hl eugaimgjfilgtm‖(p.?84). Lg lc fisfm slgtihm, Ojrrjzj y Ajsticcm (aitjhms lg Dmgzêcls; Dmgzêcls; ?>:2), ?>:2), flgaimgjg flgaimgjg qul0 Bjocjr hl lgvl`laifilgtm lgvl`laifilgtm hl jaulrhm jaulrhm j Ojrrjzj Ojrrjzj y Ajsticcm (?>>5), ls ug prmalsm prmalsm ugivlrsjc, ugivlrsjc, amgtigum, irrlvlrsiocl, higêfiam, prmdrlsivm, prmdrlsivm, hlacigjgtl y bltlrmdéglm, y bjstj lc fmflgtm, iglvitjocl, lg lstl maurrlg ajfoims oimpsiamsmaijcls oimpsiamsmaijcls rlsuctjgtl hl cj igtlrjaaiñg hl ejatmrls dlgétiams, smaijcls, aucturjcls, aucturjcls, hlc lsticm hl vihj y cj prlslgaij hl lgelrflhjhls. ^mr mtrm cjhm, pulhl slr amgsihlrjhm amfm ugj slril hl lstjhims qul sl mrdjgizjg lg tmrgm j ailrtjs ajrjatlræstiajs ajrjatlræstiajs hl mrhlg eæsiam, psiamcñdiam, smaijc y fjtlrijc. Cjs arisis m jamgtlaifilgtms sidgieiajgtls pulhlg fmhieiajr rjhiajcflgtl rjhiajcflgtl cj vihj y prlaipitjr lc pjsm hl ug lstjhim j mtrm (s.p). Lc rmc hlc psiañcmdm
Blrgêghlz (aitjhm lg Blrgêghlz, Igilstrj y Fjrtiglz; ?>:::). :.? Lc aiacm hl vihj
Djraæj y vlrj, (?>>?) –Lc aiacm vitjc bufjgm bjal rlelrlgaij rlelrlgaij jc prmalsm hl arlaifilgtm y hlsjrrmccm qul jtrjvilsjg cjs plrsmgjs hlshl lc gjaifilgtm bjstj su fulrtl‖ (p.5:). ?. Cj smclhjh
Qldðg _mhrædulz (?>>2), cj vl`lz amgsistl amgsistl lg ugj ltjpj hl cj vihj lg cj aujc maurrlg maurrlg hivlrsjs pérhihjs pérhihjs qul ejaicitjg hl jcdðg fmhm cj jpjriaiñg hlc slgtifilgtm slgtifilgtm hl smclhjh. Cj smclhjh, sl amgstituyl sldðg Fjhmz (aitjhm lg _mhrædulz; ?>>2), lg lc amgvlgaifilgtm hl lstjr lxacuihm, hl gm tlglr jaalsm j cms prmalsms hl igtlrjaaiñg, cm qul sl amgvilrtl lg ugj amghiaiñg hl fjclstjr lfmaimgjc qul surdl aujghm cj plrsmgj sl silgtl igamfprlghihj m rlabjzjhj pmr mtrms m ajrlal hl amfpjúæj pjrj cjs jativihjhls qul hlslj rljcizjr, qul pmhræjg slr tjgtm tjgtm eæsiajs amfm amfm igtlclatujcls igtlclatujcls m pjrj cmdrjr jcdðg jcdðg tipm hl igtifihjh igtifihjh m alrajgæj, alrajgæj, cm qul trjl amgsidm lstrés y mtrjs prmoclfêtiajs. ?.: Lstrés
Cms Jhuctms Fjymrls smg ugm hl cms slatmrls hl cj smailhjh fês vucglrjocls, lstm sl jdrjvj j cj cuz hl cjs
arisis; hlaifms jsæ pmr cm siduilgtl0
Cms prl`uiaims prl`uiaims qul tmhjvæj ifprldgjg lc Ifjdigjrim Ifjdigjrim Qmaijc tilghlg tilghlg j fjrdigjrcms, j suolstifjrcms suolstifjrcms lg sus
histigtjs ajpjaihjhls amfm jprlghlr, arljr, lgslújr, fjgtlglr su slxujcihjh, trjsfitir lxplrilgaijs lxplrilgaijs vêcihjs hl su pjsjhm, lstjr igslrtm lg cj smailhjh lg jativihjhls vjrijs.
Xilgl qul qul bjalr erlgtl erlgtl j sus prmpims prmpims ajfoi ajfoims ms (amrpmrjc (amrpmrjcls, ls, psiamcñ psiamcñdiams diams,, smaijcls, smaijcls,)) y j cms jalclrjhm jalclrjhmss
ajfoims qul maurrlg lg su jcrlhlhmr.
Hlol jalptjr jalptjr su flgmr flgmr vitjcihjh y su fjymr glalsihjh hl auihjhms auihjhms lg su sjcuh.
Cjs pérhihj pérhihjss cm smfltlg smfltlg j trj trjoj` oj`ms ms hl hulcm hulcm plrfjglg plrfjglgtls tls,, (fulr (fulrtls tls hl ejfici ejficijrl jrlss y/m jfidms, jfidms,
ighlplghizjaiñg hl cms bi`ms, j vlals fuhjgzjs, pérhihj hl cj pjrl`j), amgtjghm jhlfês amg cj arisis hl ihlgtihjh j qul fuabjs vlals hj cudjr cj orusaj `uoicjaiñg. Fuabj Fuabjss vlals cj smclhjh cm cclvj j ousajr gulvms væga vægaucms, ucms, bmr bmrizmgt izmgtls ls hl jativihjhls jativihjhls qul si oilg fuy sjcuhjocls cls ifpmgl gulvjs jhjptjaimgls (Qldðg Uidulrj; s.e). ?.? Lstrjtldijs hl jermgtjfilgtm
Qldðg Cjzjrus y Emckfjg Emckfjg (aitjhm lg ^érlz y _mhrædulz; ?>::), hleigilrmg lc lc jermgtjfilgtm jermgtjfilgtm amfm Jqulccms lseulrzms amdgitivms y amghuatujcls amgstjgtlflgtl ajfoijgtls qul sl hlsjrrmccjg pjrj fjgl`jr cjs hlfjghjs lsplaæeiajs lxtlrgjs y/m igtlrgjs qul smg lvjcujhjs amfm lxalhlgtls m hlsomrhjgtls hl cms rlaursms hlc ighivihum. Cms jutmrls acjsieiajrmg cjs lstrjtldijs hl jermgtjfilgtm hl hms emrfjs amfpclflgtjrijs0 ugj ls cj hiridihj jc prmoclfj, mrilgtjhj j su fmhieiajaiñg y jc ajfoim hl cj situjaiñg bjaij mtrj qul gm supmgdj jflgjzjr jc su`ltm y cj sldughj ls hiridihj j cj lfmaiñg l igacuyl rlhuair cj rlspulstj lfmaimgjc gldjtivj j ugj situjaiñg lstrlsjgtl, lstrlsjgtl, qul pulhl slr plraioihj amfm jflgjzj m lstjgajfilgtm, lstjgajfilgtm, m oilg, oilg, amfm mpmrtugihjh mpmrtugihjh y jprlghlr j sjcir sjcir jhlcjgtl (p.:2). 1. Jutmamgalptm
Ls cj sufj hlc amg`ugtm hl arllgaijs qul ugj plrsmgj tilgl tilgl smorl sus aujcihjhls aujcihjhls plrsmgjcls, plrsmgjcls, qul lgdcmoj cj ifjdlg qul tlglfms hl gmsmtrms fisfms lg rlcjaiñg j gulstrm jsplatm, gulstrjs ajpjaihjhls y bjoicihjhls. Ql trjtj hl ugj amgstruaaiñg flgtjc qul gms plrfitl hleigirgms y situjrgms hlgtrm hl aujcquilr lgtmrgm, igtlrprltjghm gulstrjs lfmaimgls, gulstrj amghuatj y cj amfpjrjaiñg hl cj fisfj amg cj hl mtrjs plrsmgjs qul gms rmhljg (Fjrtiglz; ?>:2; s.p) 8. Bjoicihjhls rlsicilgtls
½Zué tilgl qul vlr cj rlsicilgaij amg cms jhuctms fjymrls= Fuabm, ls hl sufj ifpmrtjgaij. ifpmrtjgaij. Ccjfj cj jtlgaiñg qul cj fjymræj hl plrsmgjs hl jvjgzjhj lhjh tilgl drjg sjtisejaaiñg lg hielrlgtls jsplatms hl su vihj j plsjr hl cjs hieiauctjhls lg su sjcuh, lc eugaimgjfilgtm eæsiam, cj hisfiguai hisfiguaiñg ñg hl cjs rlcjaimgls igtlrplrsmgjcls, pérhihj hl slrls qulrihms, smclhjh, rmcls, lstjtus smaijc y lg jcdugms ajsms arisis lamgñfiajs. Erlgtl j lstjs hieiauctjhls, lstuhims hlfulstrjg qul cj fjymræj hl plrsmgjs jhuctjs fjymrls hjg fulstrjs fulstrjs hl lstjhms lstjhms sjcuhjocls, vitjcihjh, vitjcihjh, oulg bufmr, bufmr, lgtusijsfm lg rljcizjr hivlrsjs jativihjhls, jativihjhls, igtlrés lg slduir amgtriouylghm amg su ejficij y cj smailhjh. Bjstj cj jatujcihjh gm sl bj hltlrfigjhm cjs ajusjs qul cclvjg j ugj plrsmgj j slr rlsicilgtl m gm, sl bjocj hl ejatmrls qul pulhlg prlhlair lstj ajpjaihjh, pmr l`lfpcm, ugj arllgaij rlcidimsj, lc givlc hl
lhuajaiñg, bjolr tlgihm pjhrls jelativms, jfistjhls m ailrtjs vlgtj`js lamgñfiajs. Jugqul jcdugms hl cms ejatmrls pulhlg amrrlspmghlr j cj igejgaij, cjs plrsmgjs jhuctjs fjymrls tjfoiég pulhlg pmsllr rlsicilgaij. rlsicilgaij. Cms igvlstidjhmrls igvlstidjhmrls amgsihlrjg amgsihlrjg qul ls pjrtl hl hl ug lgvl`laifilgtm lgvl`laifilgtm lxitmsm pmrqul pmrqul prmfulvl cj sjcuh sjcuh y cj plralpaiñg plralpaiñg hl oilglstjr (^jrlhls; ?>::>) j givlc gjaimgjc, jpmrtñ lg aujgtm jc fjram hl igtlrvlgaiñg lc aujc sirviñ hl duæj pjrj emrfucjr cj cj prmpulstj hl igtlrvlgaiñg igtlrvlgaiñg hlc prlslgtl trjoj`m, jsæ amfm cj pmocjaiñg pmocjaiñg j cj qul vj hiridihj y j givlc tlñriam lg rlcjaiñg j hleigiaiñg hl jhuctm fjymr y cj firjhj igtldrjc qul jrduflgtjg cms jutmrls hlol orighjrsl j hiabj hiabj pmocjaiñg. Qldðg lc Hijrim hlc Qur, lg cj aiuhjh hl pjstm sl bj vlgihm trjoj`jghm amg cj _lh hlc Jhuctm Fjymr (_JF), cj ls ugj lgtihjh privjhj sig êgifm hl cuarm, qul ousaj lc oilglstjr igtldrjc hl cjs plrsmgjs fjymrls hl cms cms slatmr slatmrls ls urojgm urojgm y rurjc rurjc hlc fugiaipi fugiaipimm hl ^jstm. ^jstm. Lstê amgemr amgemrfjh fjhjj pmr dru drupms pms,, eug eughja hjaimg imgls ls y jsmaijaimgls hl `uoicjhms arljhms pjrj plrsmgjs fjymrls hl júms. Cj rlh eul arljhj pjrj hjr smpmrtl lfmaimgjc j lstjs plrsmgjs, y djrjgtizjr cms prigaipims eughjflgtjcls cms aujcls ousajg qul cjs plrsmgjs hl cj tlralrj lhjh tlgdjg jaalsm j ug drupm, hmghl rljcialg jativihjhls igacuylgtls lg cj smailhjh y lg ug jfoilgtl hl sjgj amgvivlgaij. Jcdugjs hl lstjs jativihjhls smg0 fjgujcihjhls, hjgzjs, l`lraiaims, lvlgtms aucturjcls y lcjomrjaiñg hl jrtlsjgæjs amg lc eig hl prlslrvjr cms vjcmrls, cj aucturj, trjhiaimgls y amstuforls qul ajhj ugm hl cms igtldrjgtls hlc drupm hl jhuctm fjymr pmsllg. ^mr mtrj pjrtl, cj jcajchæj hl ^jstm, prmfulvl tjcclrls maupjaimgjcls y prmhuativms, cms aujcls vjg hiridihms j cjs plrsmgjs fjymrls hl lhjh plrtlglailgtls j hiabj aiuhjh, amg lc eig hl orighjr cj mpmrtugihjh hl pjrtiaipjr hl prmalsms sidgieiajtivms, sidgieiajtivms, drjtieiajgtls drjtieiajgtls y pcjalgtlrms pcjalgtlrms pjrj lstj pmocjaiñg. Cms tjcclrls tjcclrls orighjhms orighjhms pmr pmr cj jcajchæj hl ^jstm ^jstm vjg hirlaaimgjhms j ugj slril hl ajpjaitjaimgls ajpjaitjaimgls y/m jativihjhls j givlc amfugitjrim, hjgzjs, fðsiaj, jativihjh eæsiaj, igemrfêtiaj, rlcj`jaiñg, ymdj, `mrgjhjs hl prmfmaiñg hl cj sjcuh y prlvlgaiñg prlvlgaiñg hl cj lgelrflhjh lgelrflhjh y lgaulgtrm igtlrdlglrjaimgjcls igtlrdlglrjaimgjcls qul bbjalg jalg qul tjgtm cms cms giúm, `ñvlgls y jhuctms igtlrjatðlg lgtrl sæ smorl sus lxplrilgaijs y situjaimgls hl vihj. ^cjg hl igtlrvlgaiñg
:.
Cc Ccjf jfjh jhj j j cj sslú lúmr mrj j Fj Fjræ ræj j Gj Gjus usic ic0 prlsihlgtj hlc drupm –Jhmrjhmrjs hlc sjgtæsifm‖, j cj
aujc sl
smaijcizñ lc trjoj`m j rljcizjr y sl smciaitñ prlvij jutmrizjaiñg pjrj rljcizjr lc hijdgñstiam amrrlspmghilgtll jc drupm. J pjrtir hl lstl prmalsm, cj plrsmgj jgtls flgaimgjhj ejaicitñ lc gðflrm hl amrrlspmghilgt
alcucjr hl 9 hl cjs igtldrjgtls hlc drupm, puls 1 gm pmslæjg alcucjr, jsæ fisfm, fjgielstñ qul cj amfugiajaiñg pmr væj tlcleñgiaj rlsuctjoj fês ejatiocl, hloihm j qul vjrijs hl cjs igtldrjgtls gm sjolg cllr, gi lsarioir y qul lc fjgl`m hl cjs rlhls smaijcls ls amfpcl`m, puls pjrj amgvmajrcjs, cj ccjfjhj, ls lc flhim qul uticizj. (Lstm amghiaimgj cjs jativihjhls qul vjfms j bjalr ) Zuilg ccjfm Amgstjgzj ‑ ?.
Ojrri jrrihm hm hm hmau aufl flgt gtjc jc00 Ql smciaitj j cj prlsihlgtj hlc drupm
hl igemrfjaiñg hlc fisfm, qul
amrrlspmghj j0 cj uoiajaiñg hlc drupm, lc gðflrm hl igtldrjgtls, sus lhjhls, lc déglrm, jativihjhls qul rljcizjg lg amg`ugtm, cms hæjs hl cms lgaulgtrms y si bjg lxistihm m gm igvlstidjaimgls, lstuhims m ajpjaitjaimgls ajpjaitjaimg ls qul pulhjg bjolr rlaioihm lg jcdðg fmflgtm. Jsæ amfm tjfoiég, jcdugjs prmoclfêtiajss qul amgsihlrl ifpmrtjgtls prmoclfêtiaj ifpmrtjgtls flgaimgjr. flgaimgjr. Ajrjatlræstiajs Ajrjatlræstia js hlc drupm –Jhmrjhmrjs hlc sjgtæsifm‖
Ls ug drupm uoiajhm lg lc ojrrim Ajialhm Jctm, amgemrfjhm pmr :? plrsmgjs, cjs aujcls msaicjg lgtrl lgtrl cms 5> y 2> júms hl lhjh, hl déglrm elflgigm. Ql hlhiajg prigaipjcflgtl j amcjomrjr lg cjs histigtjs jativihjhls j rljcizjr lg cj ajpiccj hlc slatmr lg lc aujc bjoitjg, jhlfês hl cj rljcizjaiñg hl jativihjhls drupjcls, lg cjs aujcls hlolg igtldrjrsl pjrj cj rlajuhjaiñg hl emghms, sl rlðglg ugj vlz jc fls, amg lc eig hl ammrhigjr cjs jaaimgls j rljcizjr lg fmflgtms rlclvjgtls pjrj cj idclsij ajtñciaj. Ls rlclvjgtl flgaimgjr qul gm sl bj rljcizjhm gigdðg lstuhim y/m trjoj`m amg lc drupm flgaimgjhm. Lg aujgtm j emrfjaiñg, cj plrsmgj qul lstê j ajrdm hlc drupm, bj rljcizjhm histigtjs ajpjaitjaimgls lg ojsl j cj prlpjrjaiñg hl cjs fisfms lg aujgtm j cjs jativihjhls j rljcizjr lg amg`ugtm pjrj lc oulg eugaimgjfilgtm hl cj ajpiccj j cj aujc jsistlg lc priflr vilrgls hl ajhj fls, jc idujc qul cms hæjs hl eilstj pjrj cj amfugihjh ajtñciaj, cj aujc tmfj ojstjgtl lg aulgtj lc tlfj hl cj amfugihjh amfm lgtl trjgsemrfjhmr, trjgsemrfjhmr, puls cjs ajpjaitjaimgls ajpjaitjaimgls sl hjg lg lc fjram hl emrtjclalr cjzms lgtrl lccms. Jcdugjs prmoclfêtiajs plraioihjs
Cj prlsihlgtj hlc drupm, fjgieilstj qul cjs prmoclfêtiajs qul prlvjclalg smg, cj ejctj hl amfugiajaiñg lgtrl lccjs, lc ighivihujcisfm, cj ejctj hl igtldrjaiñg, hl amfprmfism, cj hieiauctjh pjrj jhfitir cjs hieiauctjhls qul jcdugjs prlslgtjg pjrj rljcizjr ailrtm tipm hl jativihjhls pmr cj lhjh qul tilglg, tristlzj pmrqul sl silgtlg smcjs y gm jpmyjhjs. Jquæ yj sl fulstrjg ug pmam cjs prmoclfêtiajs j trjoj`jr 1.
Hijdgñ jdgñst stia iam0 m0 Hiridihm j ajhj ugj hl
cjs igtldrjgtls hlc drupm, pjrj amgmalr auêcls smg cjs
glalsihjhls lgamgtrjhjs lg cj pmocjaiñg, j cjs aujcls sl jpciajrê lc pcjg hl igtlrvlgaiñg, jsæ fisfm, rlamgmaifilgtmm hl cjs bjoicihjhls y ajpjaihjhls qul tlgdjg pjrj tlglr lg aulgtj lg cjs jativihjhls j rlamgmaifilgt pcjgtljr. (Ejatmrls (Ejatmrls hl rilsdm rilsdm y prmtlatmrls) hieiauctjhms hieiauctjhms jsplatms jsplatms gldjtivms qul hltlatjg hltlatjg lccjs lg lc drupm ‑ cms jsplatms pmsitivms l`lfpcm bjoicihjhls) -
Ccjfjhjs tlcleñgiajs0 Ql rljcizj igiaijcflgtl cj prlslgtjaiñg hl cj plrsmgj lgajrdjhj hl
ccjfjr0 Gmforl, maupjaiñg, gmforl cj plrsmgj qul ejaicitñ lc gðflrm hl tlcéemgm, cj
lxpciajaiñg hl cm qul ousajoj bjalr, jomrhjghm ejatmrls hl rilsdm; jsplatms qul pmhræjg plraioirsl amfm amfm gldjtivms m qul pmhræjg jelatjrcls, jelatjrcls, y ejatmrls prmtlatmrls; jsplatms jsplatms ejvmrjocls m pmsitivms plraioihms pmr lccjs fisfjs)
8.
Ujai Ujaijh jhm m hl igem igemrf rfja jaiñ iñg g Ejatmrls hl rilsdm
- Fjc L`lfpcm j cms giúms hl plrsmgjs `ñvlgls qul bjoitjg bjoitjg lc ojrrim - _uihm - ^lcidrm pmr su vihj - _moms - Ulgtjs (Amgt (Amgtjfigjaiñg jfigjaiñg Uisujc) - Filhm - Irrlspmgsjoicihjh hl cms vlaig vlaigms ms - Jiscjhms hl ccms ms hlfês drupm drupmss - _labjzm - Qmclhjh Xristl Xristlzj zj ppmrq mrqul ul gm gm ccls ls hlhi hlhiajg ajg tilfpm
Ejatmrls ^rmtlatmrls - Qjcñg Amfugjc (Ojicmtlrjpij y tjcclrls)
- \giñg hl cms igtldrjgtls - Ajpiccj (Maupjr lc tilfpm) - Amfpjrtir cj arllgaij lg Hims - Igtlrjatujr - Arljr gulvjs jfistjhls - ^mlsæj - Xl`lr - ^igtjr - Igtlcidlgtls - Ujcilgtls pmrqul tilglg lxplrilgaij
:2) _lh hlc jhuctm fjymr arljhj amg jfmr. jfmr. _lauplrjhm hl0 bttps0//hijrimhlcsur.amf.am/rlhhlc-jhuctm-fjymr-arljhj-amg-jfmr-::84?8 Djraæj, J., Ulrj, F. (?>>?). Lc aiacm vitjc vitjc y cj sjcuh bufjgj. _lauplrjhm hl0 bttps0//hijcglt.ugirim`j.ls/ bttps0//hijcgl t.ugirim`j.ls/slrvclt/jrtia slrvclt/jrtiaucm=amhidm61:>:2). Lhuajaiñg hlc jhuctm _lauplrjhm0 bttp0//sailcm.sch.au/sail bttp0//sailcm.sch.au/sailcm.pbp=saript6 cm.pbp=saript6sai]jrttlxt&pih6 sai]jrttlxt&pih6Q?>44-?944-?9.> ljf/bjghcl/?>.>.::499/555:9/XLQIQ]EIGJC]LUJC\JAIMG-spcit.::499/555:9/XLQIQ]EIGJC]LUJC\JAIMG-spcitflrdl.phe=slqulgal61 Cjauo, _. (?>::). Ihlgtihjh y lgvl`laifilgtm lgvl`laifilgtm. Oulgms Jirls, Jrdlgtigj0 pjihñs. _lauplrjhm hl0 bttp0//www.oiocimpsi.mrd/hmas/ajr bttp0//www.oiocimps i.mrd/hmas/ajrrlrjs/lclativjs rlrjs/lclativjs/LAED/Xlralrj-Lhjh-y-Ul`l /LAED/Xlralrj-Lhjh-y-Ul`lz-Ijauo/ihlgtihjh% z-Ijauo/ihlgtihjh%?>y ?>y %?>lgvl`laifilgtm-%?>Ciorm%?>bjstj %?>lgvl`laifilgt m-%?>Ciorm%?>bjstj%?>ajp%?>1%?>igacus %?>ajp%?>1%?>igacusivl.phe ivl.phe Fjrtiglz, J. (?>:2). ½Zué ls lc jutm amgalptm= _lauplrjhm hl0 bttps0//www.jgtmgifjrtiglzpsiamc bttps0//www.jgtmgi fjrtiglzpsiamcmdm.amf/jutmamgalpt mdm.amf/jutmamgalptmm Fusitu, D., Blrrlrm, @. y Ajgtlrj, C. (?>>8 ). Igtrmhuaaiñg j cj psiamcmdæj amfugitjrij. _lauplrjhm hl0 bttps0//lommkalgtrjc.prmqulst.a bttps0//lommkal gtrjc.prmqulst.amf/cio/oiocimugif mf/cio/oiocimugifigutmsp/hltjic igutmsp/hltjic.jatimg=hmaIH68:288 .jatimg=hmaIH68:2882), 8:::>). Igtlrvlgaiñg ^siamcñdiaj lg Jhuctms Fjymrls. ^siamcmdæj hlshl lc Ajriol. s.v (?9).Cj smclhjh lg lc jgaijgm. _igañg ailgtæeiam. ailgtæeiam. ?>(8), s.p. Uidulrj, U. (s.e). Lc Lc lstrés y cms jhuctms fjymrls. fjymrls. _lauplrjhm hl0 bttp0//www.psiamfughm.amf/tilfpm/a bttp0//www.psiamf ughm.amf/tilfpm/avlpl?/acjsl::.bt vlpl?/acjsl::.btf f
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