Proyecto Cafe Honey

 

Nkmtbmhdk HMTPKDRNNHKM 5. K@OB K@OBTH TH\K \K GBMB GBMBPE PEC C

Bvecuer ce vhe`hchded tènmhne, bnkmþahne y ea`hbmtec db `bmblhnhk db nelè jkmby y su blbntk bm ces nerentbrásthnes láshnk quáahnes dbc nelè pbrgeahmk sbnk bm trbs ahnrknchaes nelbtbrks dbc mk mkrt rtb b db Me Merh õk nkak nk ak um  prkn prknbs bsk k db tr tres eslb lbrb rbmn mnhe he db tb tbnm nmkc kckg kgáe áess ep eprk rkph phed edes es pere pere ce prkdunnhkm dbrhõk nelè bspbnhec 0. K@OB K@OBTH TH\K \K^ ^ B^VB B^VBNH NHLH LHNK NK^ ^ 0.5 Hdbmthlhner cks prknbsks ncevbs bm ce rbnkcbnnhþm y prknbsk db `bmblhnhk dbc nelè qub pbrahte

nkmskchder um pcem db bmtrbmeahbmtk nkm cks rbnkcbntkrbs 0.0 0.0 Bvec Bvecue uerr bc thba thbapk pk db rb rbpk pksk sk ed edbn bnue uedk dk bm bc prkn prknbs bsk k db `b `bmb mblhlhnh nhk k db ne nelè lè jk jkmb mbyy bm tr trbs bs ahnrknchaes nelbtbrks dhlbrbmtbs 0.> Hdbmt Hdbmthlhne hlhnerr cks etrh` etrh`utks utks sbmskrh sbmskrhecbs ecbs dbc nelè jkmby tbmhbm tbmhbmdk dk bc nelè cevedk nkak tbsth tbsthgk gk nkm bc enkapeõeahbmtk db ce netenhkm. 0.4 Bve Bvecue cuerr bc prk prknbs nbsk k per pere e jkm jkmby by nkm ce hmlreb hmlrebstr strunt unture ure db `bm `bmblh blhnhk nhk qub bxh bxhstb stb bm ce zkme per pere e rbechzer rbnkabmdenhkmbs qub pbrahtem su abokr edeptenhþm 0.2 Pbe Pbechz chzer er um emå emåchs chshs hs qub pbr pbraht ahte e nkm nkmtre trest ster er cks nkstks nkstks ver verhe` he`cbs cbs dbc prknbs prknbsk k y ce prk prkybn ybnnhþ nhþm m nkabrnhec nkm cks `bmblhnhks ea`hbmtecbs db bstb thpk db nelè bm ce rbghþm. > EMTBNBDBMTB^

>.5 Bc nelè bspbnhec db Merhõk –Ce Lbdbrenhþm Menhkmec db Nelbtbrks y su Nbmhnelè, je  je dbserrkccedk aubstrbks nkmshstbmtbs bm ce s u nbmtrk db hmvbsthgenhþm, Nbmhnelè, rbghþm e trevès db verhks eõks y nhncks db nksbnje pere bvecuer cks nkmtbmhdks y nkapubstks prbsbmtbs bm bc Nelè db Merhõk y rbcenhkmer bstks etrh`utks nkm ces nerentbrásthnes ea`hbmtecbs y nchaåthnes db dkmdb prkvhbmb bc Nelè db Merhõk. Cks prhmnhpecbs nkapubstks quáahnks esknhedks e ce nechded dbc prkduntk, bm perthnucer ce nelbáme, ce trhgkmbchme y cks ånhdks nckrkgèmhnks, eahmkånhdks y cáphdks jem shdk prklumdeabmtb emechzedks. Bm gbmbrec sb pubdb elhraer qub cks lentkrbs egrknchaåthnks bspbnálhnks egrknchaåthnks bspbnálhnks db dkmdb prkvhbmb bc Nelè db Merhõk, levkrbnb um aeykr nkmtbmhdk db ezÿnerbs, cks nuåcbs perthnhpem nkak prbnurskrbs prbnurskrbs db ces sbmsenhkmbs ducnbs y ånhdes. Bc Bc `eok mhvbc db nelbáme y ånhdks nckrkgèmhnks, nerentbrásthnks db ces verhbdedbs db ce bspbnhb Nkllbe ere`hne nucthvedk bm bc peás ck jenbm abmks eaergk y estrhmgbmtb y aås suevb ec peceder.‑ Lubmtb nbmhnelb .nkmsucte bmbrk : db 065: jttp?//merhmk.nelbdbnkcka`he.nka/merhmk/bc[nelb[db[ jttp?//merhmk.nelbdb nkcka`he.nka/merhmk/bc[nelb[db[merhmk/ce[`hkquhahne[dbc[nelb[db[merhmk/ merhmk/ce[`hkquhahne[dbc[nelb[db[merhmk/

Dbsdb ce lbdbrenhþm lbdbrenhþm menhkmec menhkmec db nelbtbrks db Nkcka`he Nkcka`he sb bstrun bstrunture ture ume prkpubste prkpubste db veckr pere bc nelhnuctkr qub prbsbmte cks shguhbmtbs bobs ? Bob bnkmþahnk? thbmb bc k`obthvk bstretèghnk db nkmtrh`uhr e ce rbmte`hchded dbc nelhnuctkr pkr abdhk db trbs vbntkrbs qub ce hapentem dhrbnteabmtb? Vrkdunthvhded, Nkstks db prkdunnhþm y Vrbnhk bstb ÿcthak sb tre`eoe bm dks bmlkqubs? db um cedk, bc pkshnhkmeahbmtk y dhlbrbmnhenhþm db nelès bspbnhecbs bm mhnjks db abrnedk, y db ktrk cedk, bm abnemhsaks qub eyudbm e ahthger bc hapentk db ce vkcethchded db cks prbnhks db nelè. Bob sknhec? thbmb bc k`obthvk bstretèghnk db prkakvbr ce hmncushþm sknhec y prkdunthve dbc nelhnuctkr y su leahche pkr abdhk db Bdunenhþm, Hmlrebstrunture, Vrktbnnhþm sknhec , Esknhethvhded Bob ea`hbmtec? thbmb db bc k`obthvk bstretèghnk db lkabmter bc db nuhdedk dbdb ckscks rbnursks meturecbs y ce edeptenhþm nchaåthne ces enthvhdedbs nelbtbres pkr abdhk Gbsthþm rbnursks, Edeptenhþm nchaåthne .

 

 Bob db gk`brmemze? bc k`obthvk bstretèghnk bs lkrtecbnbr ce umhded grbahec nkak skpkrtb db ce hdbmthded, cbghthahded y chdbrezgk db ce hmsthtunhkmechded nelbtbre pkr abdhk db trbs vbntkrbs? Verthnhpenhþm y dbaknrenhe, Chdbrezgk y Nkaumhnenhþm . Bm bstb krdbm db hdbes ce prkdunnhþm db nelè jkmby bste hmabrse bm tkdks bstks bobs y sb nkmsthtuyb nkmsthtuyb bm ume sbrhe epubste epubste db veckr pere bc pbqubõk nelhnuctkr merhõbmsb y pere bcck bcck sb jenb urgbmtb Dbserrkccer  Dbserrkccer  nkapbt nka pbtbmnh bmnhes es pere pere Nkmskc Nkmskchde hderr ume nuctur nucturee db hmmkvenh hmmkvenhþm þm qub levkr levkrbzne bzne ce nkapb nkapbtht ththvh hvhded ded y ce  prkdunthvhded db cks nelbtbrks . ^bgÿm bc tre`eok db hmvbsthgenhþm dbmkahmedk Vrkspbnthve dbc nelè bm Merhõk? ^e`kr y erkae db ume tredhnhþm- Echnhe Nrhsthme ^hcve Necpe / Nercks Pu`èm Trboks Akmneyk-Pbvhste bstyretbghe krgemhzenhkmec RMED tre`eok db gredk- Pbvhste Bstretbghe Krgemhzenhkmec / RMED / H^^M 0>>8->:0 aumhnhphks dbc dbperteabmtk db Merhõk y su hmnhdbmnhe bm ces nkaumhdedbs je shdk rbpchnede y rbnkmknhde pkr bmthdedbs db krdbm cknec, rbghkmec b hmtbrmenhkmec nkak ce Gk`brmenhþm db Merhõk, bc Ahmhstbrhk db Egrhnucture y ce Krgemhzenhþm Hmtbrmenhkmec pere ces ahgrenhkmbs. Bstb thpk db prånthnes pksh`hchte ce dhsahmunhþm db ce pk`rbze bxtrbae y gbmbre um veckr egrbgedk, db`hdk e qub cks hapkrtedkrbs hmtbrmenhkmecbs bståm dhspubstks e peger um aeykr veckr pkr ce prkdunnhþm db um nelè db ecte nechded. Bc nkmnursk jenb pertb db ce bstretbghe ^hstbae db Esknhethvhded Ahnrkbaprbserhec Ahnrkbaprbserhec Purec, chdbrede pkr bc prkgreae Oþvbmbs Purecbs Baprbmdbdkrbs dbc ^BME, ume hmhnhethve qub epkye ce Pbd db nelès db ecte nechded db Merhõk, nkmlkraede pkr nbrne db 066 ahnrk prkduntkrbs db nelè dbc dbperteabmtk quhbmbs cb epubstem e abokrer sus prånthnes egránkces pere k`tbmbr ume abokr prkdunnhþm db nelè, y bstk sb tredunb bm um abokr pegk dbc nelè db ecte nechded. Bm nkmsbnubmnhe db ce bmkrab dbaemde dbc nelè merhõbmsb bm tkdk bc aumdk, cks hapkrtedkrbs hmtbrmenhkmecbs sb jem vhstk tbmtedks e vheoer e ce rbghþm, rb ghþm, pere bsnkgbr ce abokr nerge db nelè prkdunhde pkr prkduntkrbs neapbshmks. ^bgÿm rbpkrtb db ce Lbdbrenhþm Menhkmec Menhkmec db Nelbtbrks, ces bxpkrtenhkmbs bxpkrtenhkmbs dbc nelè nkcka`hemk nkcka`hemk rbghstrþ um euabmtk dbc nhmnk pkr nhbmtk, duremtb cks ÿcthaks 50 absbs (db e`rhc db 0654 e aerzk db 0652), y supbrþ cks 56.8 ahcckmbs db senks, 2>8 ahc senks aås, bm nkaperenhþm nkm cks 56.4 ahcckmbs db pubstks bm cks abrnedks hmtbrmenhkmecbs bm hguec cepsk db thbapk.

 

4.DB^NPHVNHKM DBC VPK@CBAE

Ce nrhshs nelbtbre ccbve e bmtrer e mubvks abrnedks qub prbsbmtbm bsce`kmbs aås evemzedks db ce nedbme nkak cks nelès bspbnhecbs , pbrk ce ahgrenhþm dbc nelhnuctkr nkcka`hemk jenhe bstks abrnedks mk sb je dedk db lkrae aeshve , aes `hbm sb prbsbm prbsbmte te nkak ecgk hmusuec , pubstk qub bc prkduntkr  shgub bm ce vhshþm db jenb 06 eõks nkm um abrnedk db nnelè elè db vkcuabm , verhbdedbs db pkrtb `eok, ectes dbmshdedbs db shba`re, ecte prkdunnhkm pkr jbntårbe, ectks nkstks db prkdunnhkm, nkmdhnhkmbs qub dboem bm eapche dbsvbmteoe ec pbqubõk nelhnuctkr qub bm Merhõk9 sbgÿm ce Lbdbrenhþm db Nelbtbrks, pere dhnhba`rb dbc eõk 065>, nkmte`e nkm >8.086 jbntårbes sba`redes nkm nelè, qub pbrtbmbnbm eprkxhaedeabmtb e >2.666 nelhnuctkrbs, nkm um prkabdhk db årbe db nelè db 6.80 jbntårbes pkr nelhnuctkr, ck qub k`chge e pbmser bm bstretbghes qub pubdem nkmtrh`uhr e qub bstb nucthvk shge shbmdk rbmte`cb pere bc prkduntkr y sb aemtbmge nkak bc aktkr db ce bnkmkaáe bm bc Mkrtb db Merhõk. Vkr temtk, sb jenb mbnbserhk um shstbae db prkdunnhkm y nkabrnhechzenhþm nkapbththve qub pbrahte e bc pbq pbqubõ ubõk k nel nelhnu hnuctk ctkrr sbg sbguhr uhr shb shbmdk mdk rbm rbmte` te`cb, cb, bst bste e bxp bxpbnt bnteth ethve ve bst bstå å bm ce prkdun prkdunnhk nhkm m db nelès nelès bspbnhecbs, qub gkzem db eapchk rbnkmknhahbmtk bm bc bxtbrhkr qub nkmsthtuybm vbmteoes nkaperethves y nkapbththves qub thbmbm qub vbrsb rblcboedes bm bc `bmblhnhk bnkmþahnk db ces leahches nelhnuctkres. Cks subcks vkcnåmhnks db Merhõk, bc prknbsk ertbsemec db prkdunnhkm db nelè, ces verhbdedbs, ces dhlbrbmtbs ectures, bc egue y um cbgedk eapcáshak db se`brbs db ume nucture nelbtbre merhõbmsb pbrahtbm klbrter dhvbrsks thpks db nelès bspbnhecbs, qub sb nerentbrhzem pkr su erkae, se`kr, nubrpk y neråntbr. Vbrk tkdks bstks etrh`utks pubdbm bnjersb e pbrdbr sh mk bxhstb um bstrhntk nkmtrkc db nechded bm tkdk bc prknbsk qub epumtb e ume prkdunnhkm nbrk dblbntks, tkdk bstb prknbsk sb pcemtbe mk pere sk`rbvhvhr, shmk pere sbr cks abokrbs bm nechded y aemtbmbr ce nechded db nelè db krhgbm Merhõk. Vbmser bm uthchzer tkdks cks rbnursks qub sb tbmgem pere sechr edbcemtb bm ce nelhnucture pere qub pbqubõks prkduntkrbs sbem `ubmks prkdunhbmdk nelè bspbnhec hapchne bc dbserrkcck db tènmhnes eprkphedes y su bvecuenhþm bm bc tbrrhtkrhk qub rbechnbm um prkgreae db bmtrbmeahbmtk e prkduntkrbs qub pbrahtem ccbger e bståmderbs db nechded y sbem `hbm rbaumbredks, jenhbmdk èmleshs bm ce .

 

rbnkcbnnhþm, ye qub, sh mk jey dblbntks bm ce nbrbze, sb bchahme bc 76 % db dblbntks bm teze. Ce hapkrtemnhe db bvecuer tènmhnes nkak bc `bmblhnhk db nelè thpk jkmby nkmtrh`uyb e eapcher ces pbrspbnthves db prkdunnhkm db nelè bspbnhec y skstbmh`cb qub edbaås db abokrer ce nechded db teze y tbmbr um prkduntk dhlbrbmnhedk db eapche dbaemde bm bc abrnedk, rbspkmdb e ces mbnbshdedbs db gbsthþm nkaumhterhe dbc egue, qub bs ce prbknupenhþm db tkdk bc tbrrhtkrhk dbc aenhzk nkcka`hemk y ectk pethk bm cks prknbsks db dbserrkcck bmdþgbmk db ce rbghþm. Ce hmvbsthgenhþm nhbmtálhne y ce treslbrbmnhe db tbnmkckgáe bmlknedes e ce edkpnhþm db prknbsks hmmkvedkrbs nkak ce prkdunnhkm db nelè jkmby nkm ce bxpbrthnhe db ce lbdbrenhþm menhkmec db Nelbtbrks db Nkcka`he, rbtrkechabmtede dbc nkmknhahbmtk cknec y enkapeõede db ce enedbahe, pbrahtbm nkmskchder ume jbrreahbmte qub pubdb e`rhr bspenhks jenhe mubvks abrnedks pere nelès bspbnhecbs bm bc Mkrtb db Merhõk. 4 OR^THLHNENHKM Aunjes skm ces dhlhnuctedbs qub bmlrbmte um nelhnuctkr pere k`tbmbr bc nelè pbrgeahmk sbnk? ce verhe`hchded nchaåthne, cks bsnesbs db egue, ce dbgredenhþm sb subcks, cks ectks nkstks db cks hmsuaks, ce bsn bsnese ese aem aemk k db k`r k`re e bm aka akabmt bmtks ks phn phnk k db rbn rbnkcb kcbnnh nnhþm, þm, cks nkstks nkstks db bquhpe bquhpeahb ahbmtk mtk pere pere `bmblhnhk, bmtrb ktres, pere qub ec lhmec tbmge qub bmnkmtrersb nkm lcuntuenhþm db prbnhks, qub aunjes vbnbs jegem qub bc nelbtbrk pkmge um nkstk db prkdunnhkm pkr ihck qub mk bs pegedk.  Emtb bste shtuenhþm mk bs sustbmte`cb je`cer db su`shdhks, sb rbquhbrbm bstretbghes aås sþchdes qub pbrahtem ccbger e nede zkme nkm um aembok tènmhnk dhlbrbmnhec qub pbrahte kpthahzer cks rbnursks db egue, subck, `ksqub, perthnucerhdedbs sknhecbs db nede rbghþm, egrk nchaetkckgáe, hmsthtunhkmechded nelbtbre grbahec pere abokrer ce skstbmh`hchded db ce prkdunnhkm nelbtbre nkak bc skpkrtb qub je nkmskchdedk bc dbserrkcck rbghkmec y menhkmec. ^h `hbm cks prkduntkrbs sb jem nerentbrhzedk pkr su grem dbdhnenhþm bm ce prkdunnhkm dbc nelè, sb jenb mbnbserhk qub sb pktbmnhechnb ck qub bstå nkmstruhdk pere vhshkmer tènmhnes qub pubdem abokrer  bste nechded db nelè y pbrahtem tbmbr um prkduntk dhlbrbmnhedk qub rbspkmde e ces mbnbshdedbs db ce dbaemde hmtbrmenhkmec. Bvecuer ce prkdunnhkm db nelè jkmby, bm trbs ahnrknchaes dhlbrbmtbs pbrahtb vhshkmer ces kpkrtumhdedbs, lkrtecbzes, eabmezes y db`hchdedbs qub nkak nkaumhded nelbtbre bxhstbm pere bmtrer e bapkdbrersb db bstes tbnmkckgáes qub pbrahtbm ccbver bc nelè krhgbm Merhõk, aås cboks. Ce hapkrtemnhe dbc eprbmdbr jenhbmdk dbmtrk db ume nucture nelbtbre qub nede vbz thbmb aås rezkmbs qub dbaubstrem qub sb thbmb ce pktbmnhechded pere evemzer jenhe cks nelès bspbnhecbs bm prknbsks db prkdunnhkm , nkabrnhechzenhþm , nuechlhnenhþm db nelè , treslkraenhþm y krgemhzenhþm nkak grbahk , jenbm qub bstb prknbsk db bvecuenhþm db ume mubve tènmhne bm ce zkme sbe um prknbsk enkapeõedk db ce hmsthtun hmsthtunhkmech hkmechded ded nelbtbre y db sus prhmn prhmnhpecbs hpecbs prktegkm prktegkmhstes hstes ? ces nelbtbrk nelbtbrkss qub pkmbm tkdk su nkmknhahbmtk pere eprkpherck y bvecuerck , abokrerck y epchnerck e sus nkmdhnhkmbs perthnucerbs . Bm bc aumhnhphk db ce Rmhþm sb nubmte nkm ce`kretkrhks db netenhkm y bc vechksk tecbmtk juaemk qub pbrahtb enkapeõer bstb prknbsk pkrqub mk bxhstb ume rbnbte bsnrhte pere bstb prknbsk, ce terbe bs qub nede lhmne bxpbrhabmtb y bvecuè enkapeõede db cks dhntåabmbs db netenhkm, bm bstb prknbsk sb lumdeabmte bc hmtbrès prhakrdhec db bste prkpubste. 2. AEPNK TBKPHNK 2.5 Nerentbrásthnes dbc nelè dbc Aumhnhphk db Ce Rmhþm Merhõk Cks nkrrbghahbmtks dbc aumhnhphk db Ce Rmhþm (Merhõk) bståm u`hnedks dbsdb cks 466 e 0.:66 asma qub pbrahtbm ce verhbded db nchaes? db nåchdk e tbapcedk y lrák. Bstes nerentbrásthnes levkrbnbm e ce nelhnucture bspbnhec. –Cks nchbmtbs dbc aumdk se`krbem bm bc nelè db Merhõk dhlbrbmtbs lregemnhes nkak bc nereabck, ce ahbc, ce pembce y ce lckr qub skm auy jkakgèmbes y dhvbrses db`hdk e ce u`hnenhþm gbkgrålhne y nkapkmbmtbs db ce thbrre‑ , bxprbsþ Edrhåm Erabrk Aertámbz, gbþgrelk dbc prkgreae db Oþvbmbs Purecbs Baprbmdbdkrbs dbc ^BME, bm bc aumhnhphk db Ce Rmhþm. .

 

Bc pumteob qub cks netedkrbs hmtbrmenhkmecbs cb ktkrgerkm ec nelè merhõbmsb bstå pkr bmnhae db cks :< pumtks. Bstk jenb qub sbe auy epbtbnhdk pkr cks hapkrtedkrbs hmtbrmenhkmecbs. Cks nelès nksbnjedks bm aumhnhphks nkak Nertegk, Ce Rmhþm, ^em Ckrbmzk, Teahmemgk y Er`kcbde jem ccbgedk e cks pecederbs db ahcbs db nchbmtbs bm Bstedks Rmhdks, Nemedå, Jkcemde, Hteche, Eustreche y Nkrbe, bmtrb ktrks peásbs. Bstk je hapentedk bc vkcuabm db prkdunnhþm dbc nelè db ecte nechded, hmnbmthvemdk bm cks nelbtbrks bc abokreahbmtk db sus prknbsks db shba`re y nksbnje, e nuhder bc abdhk ea`hbmtb y ces bspbnhbs db lckre y leume, y bc egue. Cks neapbshmks nelbtbrks dbc mkrtb db Merhõk, pkr bobapck, jem abokredk ce nechded db sus nelès bspbnhecbs abdhemtb ce lkraenhþm haperthde pkr hmstruntkrbs dbc prkgreae Oþvbmbs Purecbs Baprbmdbdkrbs dbc ^BME qub cbs jem bmsbõedk tènmhnes y prknbdhahbmtks pere bc lkrtecbnhahbmtk db `ubmes prånthnes db prkdunnhþm9 aembok edbnuedk db pkst nksbnje9 rbnkcbnnhþm db lrutks aedurks9 dbspucpedk, lbrabmtenhþm, cevedk y sbnedk jhghèmhnk. Bc rbsuctedk db èste lkraenhþm je hapentedk dhrbnteabmtb dhrbnteabmtb ce nechded db vhde db cks c ks pbqubõks nelhnuctkrbs? –^us hmgrbsks rblcboem ume rbtrh`unhþm edbnuede nkm bc bslubrzk y ce dbdhnenhþm  pkr aemtbmbr y abokrer ce nechded nechded db nelè. Bstb prknbsk prknbsk sb vubcvb nkmstemtb y thbmdb thbmdb e hmnrbabmter ce klbrte bm bc abrnedk nelbtbrk qub prbsbmte ume tbmdbmnhe aumdhec db hmnrbabmtk bm ce dbaemde db nkmsuak‑ , bxprbsþ Bdger Bmrhqub Aertámbz Pksbrk, gbstkr dbc prkgreae Oþvbmbs Purecbs Baprbmdbdkrbs dbc ^BME bm Merhõk. Ce lkraenhþm dbc prkgreae Oþvbmbs Purecbs Baprbmdbdkrbs dbc ^BME sb rbpchne bm cks >0 aumhnhphks dbc dbperteabmtk db Merhõk y su hmnhdbmnhe bm ces nkaumhdedbs je shdk rbpchnede y rbnkmknhde pkr bmthdedbs db krdbm cknec, rbghkmec b hmtbrmenhkmec nkak ce Gk`brmenhþm db Merhõk, bc Ahmhstbrhk db Egrhnucture y ce Krgemhzenhþm Hmtbrmenhkmec pere ces ahgrenhkmbs. Bstb thpk db prånthnes pksh`hchte ce dhsahmunhþm db ce pk`rbze bxtrbae y gbmbre um veckr egrbgedk, db`hdk e qub cks hapkrtedkrbs hmtbrmenhkmecbs bståm dhspubstks e peger um aeykr veckr pkr ce prkdunnhþm db um nelè db ecte nechded. Bc nkmnursk jenb pertb db ce bstretbghe ^hstbae db Esknhethvhded Ahnrkbaprbserhec Ahnrkbaprbserhec Purec, chdbrede pkr bc prkgreae Oþvbmbs Purecbs Baprbmdbdkrbs dbc ^BME, ume hmhnhethve qub epkye ce Pbd db nelès db ecte nechded db Merhõk, nkmlkraede pkr nbrne db 066 ahnrk prkduntkrbs db nelè dbc dbperteabmtk quhbmbs cb epubstem e abokrer sus prånthnes egránkces pere k`tbmbr ume abokr prkdunnhþm db nelè, y bstk sb tredunb bm um abokr pegk dbc nelè db ecte nechded. –Bc pepbc dbc ^BME je shdk lumdeabmtec pkrqub vbmáeaks dbserrkccemdk um prknbsk db nkabrnhechzenhþm hmdbpbmdhbmtb y, dbsdb jenb ecgumks eõks, vhaks ce mbnbshded db echermks bmtrb prkduntkrbs neapbshmks. Edbaås, bmtbmdhaks qub db`áeaks edquhrhr mubvks nkmknhahbmtks dbc abrnedk nelbtbrk‑, bxprbsþ nelbtbrk‑, bxprbsþ Pequbc Cezk Auõkz, nkkrdhmedkre db ce Lumdenhþm Egrerhe y Ea`hbmtec pere bc Dbserrkcck ^kstbmh`cb (Ludea). Bm nkmsbnubmnhe db ce bmkrab dbaemde dbc nelè merhõbmsb bm tkdk bc aumdk, cks hapkrtedkrbs hmtbrmenhkmecbs sb jem vhstk tbmtedks e vheoer e ce rbghþm, rb ghþm, pere bsnkgbr ce abokr nerge db nelè prkdunhde pkr prkduntkrbs neapbshmks. ^bgÿm bc aås rbnhbmtb rbpkrtb db ce Lbdbrenhþm Menhkmec db Nelbtbrks, ces bxpkrtenhkmbs dbc nelè nkcka`hemk rbghstrþ um euabmtk dbc nhmnk pkr nhbmtk, duremtb cks ÿcthaks 50 absbs (db e`rhc db 0654 e aerzk db 0652), y supbrþ cks 56.8 ahcckmbs db senks, 2>8 ahc senks aås, bm nkaperenhþm nkm cks 56.4 ahcckmbs db pubstks bm cks abrnedks hmtbrmenhkmecbs bm hguec cepsk db thbapk.

2.0 Vrknbsk db `bmblhnhk

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Bc prknbsk db `bmblhnhk db nelè nkmshstb bm um nkmoumtk db kpbrenhkmbs pere pe re tremslkraer cks lrutks db nelè, bm nelè pbrgeahmk db ecte nechded láshne y bm teze, bc nuec pkr su bste`hchded bm um eapchk remgk db nkmdhnhkmbs ea`hbmtecbs, bs bc bstedk bm bc nuec sb nkabrnhechze hmtbrmeabmtb bstb prkduntk bm Nkcka`he. Bc prknbsk db `bmblhnhk db nelè ck rbechzem cks nelhnuctkrbs, bm su grem aeykráe, bm ces hmstecenhkmbs qub thbmbm bm sus lhmnes, e ces qub dbmkahmem `bmblhnhedbrks, y dkmdb rbechzem `åshneabmtb bc rbnh`k, dbspucpedk, rbaknhþm db aunácegk, cevedk, dhvbrses nceshlhnenhkmbs y sbnedk. Bm Nkcka`he sb uthchze bc `bmblhnhk pkr váe jÿabde, qub nkaprbmdb ces shguhbmtbs btepes? Dbspucpedk, Pbaknhþm dbc aunácegk (pkr lbrabmtenhþm meturec k rbaknhþm abnåmhne), Cevedk y ^bnedk. Bc `bmblhnhk pbrahtb k`tbmbr bc nelè pbrgeahmk sbnk (nps), bc nuec bs vbmdhdk pkr cks nelhnuctkrbs bm ces nkkpbrethves k e cks nkabrnhechzedkrbs prhvedks. Cubgk, bc nelè pbrgeahmk bs trhccedk pere bxtrebr ce ecabmdre qub sb bxpkrte.  E nkmthmuenhþm sb dbsnrh`bm ces btepes btepes dbc `bmblhnhk dbc nelè bm Nkcka`he? Pbnh`k dbc nelè nbrbze. Bm lhmnes nkm prkdunnhkmbs abmkrbs db >66 errk`es db nelè pbrgeahmk sbnk ec eõk, bc nelè nbrbze sb rbnh`b bm ce tkcve db ce dbspucpedkre. Bm lhmnes db d b aeykr prkdunnhþm pubdbm usersb tkcves sbnes, dkmdb sb rbnh`b bc nelè y sb tremspkrte pkr grevbded jeste ce dbspucpedkre. Mk db`b usersb egue bm bste btepe. Dbspucpedk. Nkmshstb bm rbthrer ce pucpe db ce nbrbze pkr abdhk db prbshþm qub bobrnb ce neahse db ce dbspucpedkre y db`b hmhnhersb hmabdheteabmtb dbspuès db qub sb nksbnjem cks lrutks. Bc rbtresk pkr aås db < jkres elbnte ce nechded db ce `b`hde y pubdb krhghmer bc dblbntk cceaedk –lbrabmtk‑. Bc nelè aedurk nkmthbmb aunácegk, qub pbrahtb bc dbspucpedk nkm skck prbshkmer ce nbrbze. Vkr temtk, mk usb egue pere dbspucper bc nelè. Pbaknhþm dbc aunácegk. Bc aunácegk bs ce c e `e`e qub rbnu`rb bc gremk dbspucpedk. Bc aunácegk db`b rbakvbrsb pkr abdhk dbc prknbsk db lbrabmtenhþm meturec k abnåmhneabmtb. Bc prknbsk db lbrabmtenhþm sb rbechze bm cks temqubs dkmdb sb rbnh`b bc gremk dbspucpedk. Bm ce lbrabmtenhþm meturec, nkmtrkcb bc thbapk pere esbgurer ce nechded lhmec dbc gremk, pkrqub sh bc nelè sb sk`rblbrabmte sb prkdunbm cks dblbntks db se`kr y erkae e vhmegrb, lbrabmtk, phõe k vhmk, nb`kcce, remnhk k sthmibr. ^h sb abzncem nelès dbspucpedks db dhlbrbmtbs dáes pubdb je`br sk`rblbrabmtenhþm. Tkdk `bmblhnhedbrk db`b tbmbr nkak aámhak dks temqubs db lbrabmtenhþm, nede umk db bccks nkm nepenhded pere ecaenbmer bc nelè dbc dáe phnk. p hnk. Vere rbechzer ce lbrabmtenhþm tbmge bm nubmte? Bc thbapk, bmtrb 50 y 5: jkres, dbpbmdhbmdk db ce tbapbreture. Vere bsthaer bc pumtk db cevedk sb rbnkahbmde uthchzer bc Lbraebstrk, dbserrkccedk pkr Nbmhnelè. Rme vbz lhmechzede ce lbrabmtenhþm sb prknbdb e cever bc nelè. Cevedk. Bc cevedk pbrahtb rbthrer tktecabmtb bc aunácegk lbrabmtedk dbc gremk. Rsb egue chaphe pere bvhter dblbntks nkak bc gremk aemnjedk, sunhk, bc se`kr e lbrabmtk y ce nkmteahmenhþm. Ktres kpnhkmbs tbnmkcþghnes pere bc `bmblhnhk dbc nelè y ejkrrk db egue skm? - @bmblhnhk bnkcþghnk dbc nelè (@BNKC^R@). Bc `bmblhnhk bnkcþghnk bs um shstbae db k`tbmnhþm db nelè pbrgeahmk sbnk dbserrkccedk pkr Nbmhnelè, qub rbdunb bc nkmsuak db egue. Ce tbnmkckgáe @bnkcsu` nkmshstb bm um prknbsk bm bc qub sb hmtbgrem bc dbspucpedk dbc nelè shm egue, ce rbaknhþm abnåmhne dbc aunácegk dbc nelè bm um dbsaunhceghmedkr Dbscha y bc tremspkrtb y abznce db ce pucpe y bc aunácegk bm um tremspkrtedkr db tkrmhcck shmlám. Ce ecte nkmnbmtrenhþm db aunácegk y ce vhsnkshded db ce abznce aunácegk-egue, pbrahtbm bm qubbcduremtb tremspkrtb bm Bc bc tkrmhcck shmlám jenbdbpksh`cb um aeykr nkmtrkc db ceec nkmteahmenhþm gbmbrede prknbskbcnkm @bnkcsu`. veckr ecnemzedk, ecrbdbdkr dbc 06%, suaedk nkmtrkc k`tbmhdk bm bc dbspucpedk shm egue (70%), pbrahtbm nkmtrkcer aås dbc 86% db ce nkmteahmenhþm pktbmnhec k`tbmhde nkm `bmblhnhk jÿabdk db nelè. .

 

- BNKAHCC®? Vere etbmdbr ces mbnbshdedbs db nelhnuctkrbs qub bm Nkcka`he uthchzem bc prknbsk db lbrabmtenhþm meturec, esá nkak cks rbqubrhahbmtks db nkapredkrbs db nelè bm bc bxtbrhkr qub bxhgbm nelè prknbsedk nkm lbrabmtenhþm meturec, y cks nea`hks bm ce cbghscenhþm cbghsce nhþm ea`hbmtec bm Nkcka`he (Dbnrbtk >8>6 db 0656), qub chahte dråsthneabmtb cks vbrthahbmtks pumtuecbs pbrahsh`cbs db cks blcubmtbs db cks `bmblhnhedbrks, Nbmhnelè dbserrkccþ ce tbnmkckgáe BNKAHCC®, bm ce nuec sb ceve abnåmhneabmtb nelè nkm aunácegk dbgrededk bm bc prknbsk nkm lbrabmtenhþm meturec k nkm epchnenhþm db bmzhaes, nkm rbdunnhþm mktkrhe bm bc vkcuabm bspbnálhnk db egue jeste veckrbs bmtrb 6,> y 6,2 C.ig-5 db n.p.s. Db`hdk ec `eok vkcuabm bspbnálhnk db egue, ces egues rbshduecbs ecteabmtb nkmnbmtredes pubdbm abzncersb nkm ce pucpe dbc nelè, rbtbmhbmdk aås dbc 82% dbc vkcuabm edhnhkmedk y nkmtrkcemdk jeste bc 566% db ce nkmteahmenhþm gbmbrede bm bc prknbsk. p rknbsk. Entuecabmtb, sb thbmbm trbs akdbcks nkm nepenhded pere 266, 5.266 y >.666 ig.j-5 db nelè cevedk.

^bnedk dbc nelè

Bc sbnedk db prkduntks egránkces bs ume prånthne uthchzede pere nkmsbrver su veckr mutrhnhkmec, nechded láshne, krgemkcèpthne b hmknuhded pkr pbrákdks hmdblhmhdks db thbapk. Ec sbner um prkduntk egránkce jeste cks mhvbcbs mhvbc bs bxhghdks bm ce nkabrnhechzenhþm (56% e 50%, bm ce aeykráe db bccks), sb rbdunb ce enthvhded dbc egue e mhvbcbs qub haphdbm bc dbserrkcck db ahnrkkrgemhsaks y dhsahmuyb mktkrheabmtb su enthvhded abte`þchne. Bm Nbmhnelè sb jem dbserrkccedk tbnmkckgáes pere bc b c sbnedk skcer dbc nelè, bm ces nuecbs sb eprkvbnjem blhnhbmtbabmtb ce redhenhþm skcer y ce bmbrgáe dbc ehrb, y sb k`thbmb um prkduntk db ecte nechded láshne y sbmskrhec. ^km bstruntures db `eok nkstk, lånhcbs db uthchzer, qub pubdbm sbr nkmstruhdes nkm aemk db k`re cknec b hmncushvb pkr bc prkphk nelhnuctkr. Cks dhsbõks sb jem eoustedk tbmhbmdk bm nubmte k`sbrvenhkmbs y rbnkabmdenhkmbs db cks usuerhks.bcBmtrb ces skcer tbnmkckgáes dbserrkccedes pkr Nbmhnelè pe re pere bc sbnedk skcernkm dbc nelè b ståm abtåchne bståm bc sbnedkr pere`þchnk, sbnedkr thpk tÿmbc, cks sbnedkrbs skcerbs thpk tÿmbc nkmstruhdks bstrunture y bc sbnedkr skcer thpk tÿmbc pere pbqubõks prkduntkrbs. ^hm ba`ergk, bm grem pertb db ces rbghkmbs nelbtbres ces nkmdhnhkmbs nchaåthnes bm ce èpkne db nksbnje mk skm levkre`cbs pere bc sbnedk skcer dbc nelè, eum bm pbqubõe bsnece, pkr ce `eoe ` eoe tbapbreture, ce ecte juabded rbcethve y bc `eok `rhcck skcer qub sb prbsbmtem, nkmdhnhkmbs qub euabmtem bc thbapk bm bc prknbsk db sbnedk, nkm rhbsgk pere ce nechded b hmknuhded dbc prkduntk. Db`hdk e bcck, bm cks ÿcthaks eõks sb je hmnbmthvedk bc usk db sbnedkrbs db `eoe nepenhded bståthne (dbsdb 84 8 4 ig db n.p.s.) nkak nkapcbabmtk dbc sbnedk skcer, sbnedk nka`hmedk k nkak ÿmhne ectbrmethve.

Tkaedk db? ^EM_ R., O.P.9 KCH\BPK^ T., N.B.9 PEAÁPB_Hmvbsthgenhþm G., N.E.9 VBÕRBCE A., E.B.9 G., V.O. Vrknbsk db `bmblhnhk. Hm? Aemuec dbc nelbtbrk nkcka`hemk? y tbnmkckgáe perePEAK^ ce skstbmh`hchded db ce nelhnucture. Njhmnjhmå ? LMN ? NBMHNELÈ, 065>. > vkcs. KCH\BPK^ T., N.B.9 PEAÁPB_ G., N.E.9 ^EM_ R., O.P.9 VBÕRBCE A., E.B.9 VE@ÞM R., O. ^bnedk ^ bnedk skcer y sbnedk abnåmhnk dbc nelè. Hm? Aemuec dbc nelbtbrk nkcka`hemk? Hmvbsthgenhþm y tbnmkckgáe pere ce skstbmh`hchded db ce nelhnucture. Njhmnjhmå ? LMN ? NBMHNELÈ, 065>. > vkcs KCH\BPK^ T., N.B.9 ^EM_ R., O.P.9 PEAHPB_ G., N.E.9 TH@EDRH_E \., N.E. BNKAHCC ® Tbnmkckgáe db `eok hapentk ea`hbmtec pere bc cevedk dbc nelè (Evemnbs Tènmhnks Mk. 4>0). Njhmnjhmå? NBMHNELÈ, 065>. : p. Nerthcce nelbtbre Nep. 06. @bmblhnhk dbc nelè. 5. Dbspucpedk, rbaknhþm dbc aunácegk y cevedk. NBMTPK MENHKMEC DB HM\B^THGENHKMB^ DB NELB - Nbmhnelè. NJHMNJHME. NKCKA@HE. 0664. Thpks db `bmblhnhk AÈTKDK VKP \ÁE ^BNE

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Bc aètkdk pkr váe sbne (tea`hèm cceaedk bc aètkdk meturec) bs bc aås emthguk y bc aås sbmnhcck y rbquhbrb pkne aequhmerhe. Bstb aètkdk nkmshstb bm sbner ce nbrbze nbrbze bmtbre. Jey verhenhkmbs bm nuemtk e nþak sb ccbvb ccbvb e ne`k bc prknbsk, dbpbmdhbmdk dbc teaeõk dbc nelbtec, nelbtec, ces hmstecenhkmbs db qub sb dhspkmge dhspkmge y ce nechded lhmec qub sb dbsbb. dbsbb. E nkmthmuenhþm sb dbsnrh`bm ces trbs btepes `åshnes db chaphbze, sbnedk y dbsnesnerhccedk. Vrhabrk, ces nbrbzes qub sb jeyem j eyem rbnkcbntedk sb nceshlhnem y chaphem, pere sbperer ces nbrbzes qub mk bståm aedures db ces qub bståm dbaeshedk aedures y db ces qub bståm deõedes, y pere quhter ce sunhbded, ce thbrre, ces reaes y ces ces jkoes. Bsk pubdb jenbrsb evbmtemdk, pkr ck gbmbrec gbmbrec e aemk, usemdk ume nrh`e gremdb. gremdb. Ces nbrbzes qub mk sb quhbrem k nuecquhbr ktre aetbrhe qub mk pubde evbmtersb, pkdrå rbnkgbrsb db ce pertb db errh`e db ce nrh`e. Ces nbrbzes aedures pubdbm pubdbm tea`hèm sbperersb pkmhèmdkces pkmhèmdkces e lckter bm nemecbs db cevedk cevedk nbrne db ces supbrlhnhbs db sbnedk. Ces nbrbzes db nelè sb bxthbmdbm ec skc, k `hbm bm pethks gremdbs db nbabmtk k cedrhcck, k `hbm bm bstbres eczedes jeste ce ecture db db ce nhmture sk`rb ne`eccbtbs. ne`eccbtbs. E abdhde qub ces nbrbzes sbnem, sb restrhccem restrhccem k sb cbs de vubcte e aemk pere qub sbqubm pkr hguec. Vubdb ccbver jeste nuetrk nuetrk sbaemes sbner ces nbrbzes ec mhvbc mhvbc aåxhak db um nkmtbmhdk db juabded dbc 50,2%, dbpbmdhbmdk db ces ces nkmdhnhkmbs etakslèrhnes. Bm cks nelbtecbs aås gremdbs sb jenb e vbnbs bc sbnedk e aåquhme pere enbcbrer bc prknbsk dbspuès db qub sb jeye sbnedk emtbs bc nelè ec skc duremtb umks nuemtks dáes. Ce kpbrenhþm db sbnedk bs ce btepe aås hapkrtemtb dbc prknbsk, pubstk qub elbnte e ce nechded lhmec dbc nelè vbrdb. Rm nelè qub jeye sbnedk dbaeshedk dbaeshedk sb vkcvbrå qub`redhzk qub`redhzk y derå dbaeshedks gremks qub`redks qub`redks duremtb ce nrh`e (cks gremks qub`redks qub`redks sb nkmshdbrem dblbntuksks). Rm nelè qub mk jeye sbnedk ck sulhnhbmtb sulhnhbmtb tbmdrå dbaeshede juabded y sbrå prknchvb e um råphdk dbtbrhkrk kneshkmedk pkr jkmgks y `entbrhes. Ces nbrbzes sbnes sb ecaenbmem e grembc bm shcks bspbnhecbs jeste qub sb bmváem ec akchmk, dkmdb sb nrh`em, sb sbperem, sb nceshlhnem y sb abtbm abtbm bm senks. Ce dbsnesneredkre quhte db ume vbz tkdes ces nepes bxtbrhkrbs bxtbrhkrbs db ce nbrbze sbne. Bc aètkdk db váe sbne sb use pere bc 86% eprkxhaedeabmtb dbc nelè Erå`hne qub sb prkdunb bm bc @reshc, pere ce aeykráe dbc nelè qub sb prkdunb bm Bthkpáe, Jehtá y Vereguey, y tea`hèm pere ecgumks Erå`hnes qub sb prkdunbm bm ce Hmdhe y bm Bnuedkr. Bnuedkr. Nesh tkdks cks Pk`ustes sb `bmblhnhem `bmblhnhem nkm bsb aètkdk, qub mk bs prånthnk bm zkmes auy ccuvhkses, bm ces qub ce juabded etakslèrhne bs dbaeshedk bcbvede k bm ces qub ccubvb nkm lrbnubmnhe duremtb ce nksbnje. AÈTKDK DB \ÁE JßABDE

Bc aètkdk db váe jÿabde rbquhbrb bc usk db um bquhpk nkmnrbtk y nemthdedbs nkmshdbre`cbs db egue. Nuemdk sb jenb `hbm, sb nkmshgub qub cks etrh`utks hmtrámsbnks dbc gremk db nelè sb nkmsbrvbm abokr y qub bc nelè vbrdb sbe jkakgèmbk y tbmge pknks gremks dblbntuksks. dblbntuksks. Db ejá qub bc nelè qub sb `bmblhnhe `bmblhnhe nkm bstb aètkdk aètkdk sb nkmshdbrb bm gbmbrec db abokr nechded y ecnemnb prbnhks aås ectks.  Eumqub bc nelè sb jeye rbnkcbntedk rbnkcbntedk nkm nuhdedk, bmtrb ces nbrbzes aedures aedures sb bmnkmtreråm ecgumes nbrbzes qub mk bstèm aedures k mk dbc tkdk sbnes, y tea`hèm tea`hèm ecgumes phbdres y thbrre. thbrre. Ec hguec qub bm bc aètkdk pkr váe sbne, bm gbmbrec jey qub jenbr ume sbperenhþm y chaphbze prbchahmer db ces nbrbzes, qub db`brå tbmbr cuger ck aås prkmtk pksh`cb dbspuès db ce rbnkcbnnhþm. rbnkcbnnhþm. Bse kpbrenhþm pubdb jenbrsb cevemdk cevemdk ces nbrbzes bm temqubs rbpcbtks db egue nkrrhbmtb. Vubdbm usersb tea`hèm nrh`es nrh`es pere sbperer abokr ces nbrbzes nbrbzes aedures db ces qub mk ck bståm y ces gremdbs db ces pbqubões. Dbspuès db ce sbperenhþm y ce chaphbze, chaphbze, sb sene ce pucpe db ce nbrbze. nbrbze. Bse kpbrenhþm bs ce prhmnhpec prhmnhpec dhlbrbmnhe bmtrb bc aètkdk pkr váe sbne y bc aètkdk pkr váe jÿabde, dedk qub bm bc aètkdk pkr váe jÿabde ce pucpe dbc lrutk sb sbpere dbc gremk gremk emtbs db pkmbrck e sbner. Bc dbspucpb ck jenb ume aåquhme qub eprhbte eprhbte ces nbrbzes bmtrb pcemnjes lhoes y akvh`cbs. akvh`cbs. Ce nermb y ce phbc dbc lrutk lrutk qubdem e um cedk y cks gremks, rbnu`hbrtks rbnu`hbrtks db pbrgeahmk aunhceghmksk, ec ktrk. Bc bspenhk bmtrb ces pcemnjes pcemnjes sb eouste pere bvhter qub qub sb deõbm cks gremks. Ce kpbrenhþm db dbspucpedk dbspucpedk db`brå jenbrsb ck aås prkmtk pksh`cb pksh`cb dbspuès db ce rbnkcbnnhþm pere bvhter bvhter qub bc lrutk sb dbtbrhkrb, ck qub pkdráe elbnter e ce nechded dbc gremk. Cks gremks dbspucpedks pesem e nrh`es vh`redkres qub cks sbperem db ces nbrbzes qub jeyem qubdedk shm dbspucper k qub ck jeyem shdk db lkrae hapbrlbnte, esá nkak db cks pbdezks gremdbs db pucpe qub pubdem .

 

je`br pesedk nkm bcces. Dbspuès db ce nrh`e, cks gremks sbperedks sbperedks dbspucpedks sb pesem pkr nemecbs bm cks qub sb cevem nkm egue y sb sbperem ktre vbz pkmhèmdkcks e lckter emtbs db qub pesbm e ce shguhbmtb btepe. Db`hdk e qub bc dbspucpb sb jenb pkr abdhks abnåmhnks, pkr ck gbmbrec qubde ecgÿm rbshduk db nermb dbc lrutk y tea`hèm bc aunácegk vhsnksk qub sb edjhbrb edjhbrb ec pbrgeahmk qub rbnu`rb rbnu`rb cks gremks. Bsk thbmb qub quhtersb pkr nkapcbtk pere bvhter qub cks gremks dbc nelè sb nkmteahmbm nkm prkduntks rbsuctemtbs db ce dbgredenhþm db ces sustemnhes aunhceghmkses. Cks gremks qub ene`em db sbr dbspucpedks dbspucpedks sb nkcknem bm gremdbs temqubs db lbrabmtenhþm bm cks qub ces sustemnhes aunhceghmkses sb dbsnkapkmbm `eok ce hmlcubmnhe db bmzhaes meturecbs jeste qub pubdem dhspbrsersb dhspbrsersb y sb cks ccbvb bc egue. ^h mk sb vhghce ce lbrabmtenhþm lbrabmtenhþm nkm nuhdedk, bc nelè pubdb edquhrhr um se`kr hmdbsbe`cb y eaergk. Vere ce aeykr pertb pertb db cks nelès, ce bchahmenhþm db ces sustemnhes sustemnhes aunhceghmkses ccbve bmtrb 04 y >< jkres, dbpbmdhbmdk db ce tbapbreture, bc grkskr db ce nepe aunhceghmkse y ce nkmnbmtrenhþm db cks bmzhaes. Jey qub skabtbr e ouhnhk nuåmdk tbrahme tbrahme ce lbrabmtenhþm, qub bs nuemdk bc pbrgeahmk qub rbnu`rb bc gremk phbrdb ce tbxture aunkse y edquhbrb um tentk aås åspbrk, db –guhoerrk‑. Nuemdk tbrahme ce lbrabmtenhþm, sb ceve bc nelè e lkmdk nkm egue chaphe bm temqubs k bm cevedkres bspbnhecbs. Bc nelè pbrgeahmk cevedk cevedk thbmb bm bste btepe um 27% db juabded eprkxhaedeabmtb. eprkxhaedeabmtb. Vere jenbr qub dhsahmuye ce juabded jeste bc mhvbc aåxhak dbc 50,2% sb sbne bc nelè pbrgeahmk k `hbm ec skc, k bm ume sbnedkre abnåmhne k nka`hmemdk cks dks aètkdks. aètkdks. Bc sbnedk ec skc sb jenb bm supbrlhnhbs supbrlhnhbs gremdbs y chses db cedrhcck k db nbabmtk qub sb cceaem cceaem pethks, k bm abses db ecea`rb db aecce aecce lhme. ^b bxthbmdbm cks gremks bm nepes db bmtrb 0na y 56na, y sb cbs de vubcte vubcte nkm lrbnubmnhe pere nkmsbguhr um sbnedk sbnedk umhlkrab. Bc sbnedk ec skc db`bráe ccbver db : e 56 dáes, sbgÿm ce tbapbreture y ce juabded dbc ea`hbmtb. Vkmbr bc nelè bmnhae db abses eyude e qub sbqub nkm aås rephdbz rephdbz db`hdk e ce nkrrhbmtb db ehrb ehrb nechbmtb qub su`b db bsb akdk. Bc usk db aåquhmes db sbner nkm ehrb nechbmtb nechbmtb sb jenb mbnbserhk e vbnbs pere pere enbcbrer bc prknbsk. Bm gremdbs nelbtecbs bm cks qub bm pcbme èpkne db nksbnje pubdb qub jeye aunjk aås nelè dbc qub pubde sbnersb nkm blhnenhe ces tbrrezes, tbrreze s, sb jenb mbnbserhk user sethslentkrhk aåquhmes dbysbner nkm ehrb Mk k`stemtb, rbquhbrbbm aunjk nuhdedk pere ckgrer um sbnedk bnkmþahnk shmnechbmtb. qub sb deõb ce nechded.bc prknbsk Dbspuès dbc sbnedk, bc nelè `bmblhnhedk pkr váe jÿabde, k nelè pbrgeahmk nkak sb cb cceae je`htuecabmtb, sb ecaenbme y sb nkmsbrve bm bse lkrae jeste pknk emtbs db qub sb bxpkrtb. Ces btepes lhmecbs db ce prbperenhþm dbc nelè, ck qub sb cceae bc –nuredk‑, sb jenbm je`htuecabmtb bm ume hmstecenhþm bspbnhec oustk emtbs db qub sb vbmde pere bxpkrtenhþm. bxpkrtenhþm. ^b dbsnesnere bc nelè pere pere quhtercb bc pbrgeahmk y dbspuès sb pese pkr verhes kpbrenhkmbs db chaphbze, nrh`edk, sbperenhþm y nceshlhnenhþm qub skm nkaumbs temtk pere bc nelè `bmblhnhedk `bmblhnhedk pkr váe jÿabde nkak pere bc `bmblhnhedk pkr váe sbne. Vubdbm usersb aåquhmes bcbntrþmhnes pere bchahmer cks gremks dblbntuksks y tea`hèm cks cceaedks –jbdhkmdks‑, qub mk sb pubdbm dhsthmguhr e shapcb vhste. Bc aètkdk db váe jÿabde sb use bm gbmbrec pere tkdks cks nelès Erå`hne, e bxnbpnhþm db ck qub sb prkdunbm bm bc @reshc y bm cks peásbs prkduntkrbs prkduntkrbs db Erå`hne nhtedks emtbrhkrabmtb emtbrhkrabmtb qub usem bc aètkdk db váe sbne. sbne. ^b use rere vbz pere cks Pk`ustes.

Cevedk k jÿabdk Bs bc táphnk `bmblhnhk nkcka`hemk, dkmdb ce njbrry k nbrbze rbnkcbntede (skck ces aedures) bs cevede y lbrabmtede bm egue9 pkr lckte`hchded sb senem ces qub mk shrvbm (lcktem) y sb dboem ces qub rbpksem ec lkmdk. Bm bc egue sb lbrabmtem pkr % dbc pbsk dbc gremk). • Nelè Ch`brhne (Nkllbe Ch`brhne)? bs db `eoe nechded. • Nelè Bxnbcse (Nkllbe bxnbcse)? bs db `eoe nechded. >. Vkr bc thpk db `bmblhnh `bmblhnhedk edk Bm bste nce nceshl shlhne hnenhþ nhþm m sb dblhmb dblhmb bc thpk db prknbsea prknbseahbm hbmtk tk ec nuec je shdk skabthdk bc nelè y ec hguec qub bm ce emtbrhkr nceshlhnenhþm, mks hmdhne qub sb pubdb bspbrer  bm bc se`kr. Equá bmnkmtreaks? • Ere`hnes cevedks k suevbs. • Ere`hnes mk cevedks k meturecbs. • Ere`hnes sbah cevedks k meturecbs dbspucpedks. • Pk`ustes cevedks. • Pk`ustes mk cevedks. >. Vkr ce verhbded `ktåmhne ^b rblhbrb e ce verhbded e ce nuec pbrtbmbnb bc nelè qub sb bstå klrbnhbmdk ec abrnedk. K`bdbnhbmdk e dbtbrahmedks pbrlhcbs db se`kr k e nhbrte lkrae k teaeõk db cks gremks pkr bobapck? Táphne, @kur`km, Aumdk Mkvk, Neturre, bm bc nesk db ere`hnes9 Hmdbmhb, Ikuhccku y Mhekuch bm bc nesk dbc rk`uste. 4. Vkr teaeõk Ce abokr lkrae db dbtbrahmer  bc teaeõk db um gremk bs pkr abdhk db ume sbrhb db cåahmes nkm krhlhnhks greduedks bm umhdedbs dbmkahmedes zeremdes. Ce abdhde dbc gremk sb dbtbrahme sbgÿm pesb k mk pkr cks krhlhnhks db nede cåahme. Ecgumks peásbs uthchzem bc teaeõk db gremk pere nceshlhner su prkduntk bm bc abrnedk, pkr bobapck? • Ibmhe EE (_eremde 57-5:), E@ (_eremde 52-5. ^b prbp prbpere ere ce teze nkm 0.20 greaks db nelè skcu`cb skcu`cb y < kmzes db egue e ume tbapbretur tbapbreturee db :6 qub pbrahtb bvecuer bc sbgumdk peråabtrk, bc erkae dbc nelè. Vere pbrnh`hr bc kckr u kckrbs qub ¶N, dbsprbmdb ce `b`hde, bc netedkr enbrne su merhz e ce pertb supbrhkr db ce teze y aubvb ce nunjere suevbabmtb dbmtrk db ce `b`hde prbperede, Cks kckrbs u erkaes sb nceshlhnem bm pkshthvks -nkak cks aedbrksks, lrutecbs, nbrbecbs y/k lckrecbs, prkphks dbc nelè- k dblbntuksks -nkak bc lbmþchnk, lbrabmtk, tbrrksk k vhmksk qub skm nerentbrásthnks db um nelè aec `bmblhnhedk y/k db aece nechded-. 4. ^b dboe bmlrher um pknk bc nelè, y sb nkmsuab ume nunjerede jenhbmdk ume lubrtb espbrshþm, y esá bvecuer cks dbaås peråabtrks? Bc nubrpk? nkmshstbmnhe y pbraembmnhe dbc se`kr e nelè bm ce `kne. Bc eaergk? nerentbrásthne db um nelè aås tkstedk, hmlcuyb bm bc nubrpk y sb pbrnh`b bm ce pertb tresbre db ce cbmgue. Bc ducnb? nerentbrásthne qub bs hapkrtemtb pere hdbmthlhner ume aeykr tkstenhþm y suevhded k dblbntks bm um nelè skcu`cb. ^b pbrnh`b bm ce pertb lrkmtec db ce cbmgue. Ce enhdbz? nerentbrásthne meturec db cks nelès erå`hgks y auy prknbsedks, sb shbmtb bm ces pertbs cetbrecbs db ce cbmgue.  etrh`utk utk pkshthvk qub rbsuab b hmdhne ce lubrze k `ecemnb `ecemnb e nelè qub thbmb ce aubstre Bc neråntbr? etrh` veckrede. 2. Ce nechlhnenhþm db nede umk db bstks peråabtrks pkr pertb dbc netedkr, cbs pbrahtb dbtbrahmer ce nechlhnenhþm k haprbshþm gck`ec db nede aubstre bvecuede y, e su vbz, dblhmhr su nkmnbptk db enbptenhþm k rbnjezk pere nede cktb. Cks cktbs enbptedks pesem ec prknbsk db bapequb y pkstbrhkrabmtb sb bmváem e cks nchbmtbs.

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66 asma, nelè verhbded Nkcka`he, vbrbde db Nushcck ectk, aumhnhphk db ce Rmhþm Merhõk, lhmne db ^bgumdk Abze, ecture 5:86 asma, nelè verhbded L4, neturre y vbrbde \ecpereásk aumhnhphk db sem Ckrbmzk Merhõk, Lhmne dbc sbõkr  Aeurhnhk Dbcgedk, ecture db 5 uthchzemdk trbs thpks db bxpkshnhþm e cuz (skc/ska`re) y bm trbs ahnrknchaes nelbtbrks bm neae db sbnedk, um tktec db 8 umhdedbs bxpbrhabmtecbs. Vere bc Emåchshs sbmskrhec (Netenhþm), sb uthchzere bc lkraetk prkvhstk pkr ce ^NEE (^pbnhecty (^pbnh ecty Nkllbb Esskn Essknhethk hethkm m kl Eabrhne), sb pbserem :.02 g db nelè tkst tkstedk edk pkr nede 526 ac db 

egue. ^b eousterå enubrdk teaeõk db ce teze sb aubcbre nkm umpere teaeõk db pertánuce chgbreabmtb grubsk.db Dbspuès db ec akcbr ces aubstres sb ykrdbmeråm ces tezes cks netedkrbs. Dbsnrhpnhþm db ce nechded dbc nelè

Bc prknbsk bm gbmbrec bs dknuabmtedk pere ec lhmec prbsbmter ces rbnkabmdenhkmbs mbnbserhes pere rbechzer rbechzer eoustbs ec prknbsk jkmb jkmbyy qu nkmskchdbm um pcem db bmtrbmeah bmtrbmeahbmtk bmtk e prkdunt prkduntkrbs krbs y pbrahte vhsuechze pbrahte vhsuechzerr ce vhe`hchde vhe`hchded d db ce tbnmh tbnmhne ne dbsdb cks lentkrbs bnkmk bnkmkahnk ahnk y ea`h ea`hbmtec bmtec pere nede ahnrknchae nelbtbrk rbghkmec . .

 

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Dheme netechme Eyece Nb`eccks, bstudhemtb RMED, um prklbshkmec db enkapeõeahbmtk db ce Lbdbrenhþm Menhkmec db nelbtbrks db Nkcka`he, dks netedkrbs bxpbrtks, prkphbterhks db cks prbdhks? Aeráe Mbccy Erturk, ^bgumdk Auõkz, y Aeurhnhk Dbcgedk, sbhs pbrskmes kpbrethves e rezþm db dks pkr prbdhk duremtb nuetrk absbs Rm nkaputedkr pkrtåthc, ume nåaere, haprbskre, ce`kretkrhk db nhtenhþm, bm ecquhcbr Nuet Nu etrk rk vheo vheobs bs ce umhþ umhþm m Ve Vest stk k e es esbs bskr kráe áe,, trespkrtb cknec pbraembmtb e cks trbs prbdhks Vepbcb Vep bcbráe ráe,, `kcses `kcses per pere e aub aubstr stres es db jkm jkmby, by, bquhpeahbmtk pere `bmblhnhk y sbnedk bm nede