Protocolo de Una Lampara UV

 

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FHU[JERGGFJH..................................................................................................................3 ABHB[CIFECEBW EBI _[JVBGUJ................................................................................3 Chtbgbebhtbs j ebsgrfpgf÷h ebi prjkibdc...........................................................................3 _ichtbcdfbhtj ebi prjkibdc................................................................................................5 Jklbtfvjs.............................................................................................................................2 Nfp÷tbsfs j supubstjs..........................................................................................................0 Lustf`fgcgf÷h.........................................................................................................................0 Grjhjarcdc y prbsupubstj..................................................................................................1 DC[GJ UBJ[FGJ................................................................................................................6 Chtbgbebhtbs j dcrgj nfst÷rfgj..........................................................................................6 Dcrgj gjhgbptuci..............................................................................................................33 [B@B[BHGFCW....................................................................................................................30

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FHU[JERGGFJH Ijs prjgbsjs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h y/j ebsfh`bggf÷h sjh efcrfcdbhtb iibvcejs c gckj, hj sjicdbhtb bh bi ickjrctjrfj, ejheb sjh `uhecdbhtcibs pcrc bvftcr ic gjhtcdfhcgf÷h eb dbefjs, guitfvjs, picgcs btg., sfhj tcdkfæh bh jtrjs ãdkftjs tcibs gjdj ijs njspftcibs, ejheb `ciics bh bstjs prjgbefdfbhtjs cudbhtch ic djrkfdjrtcifece eb ijs pcgfbhtbs. _bhschej ij qub sugbeb bh ijs qufr÷`chjs ejheb sb ebkbh ebsfh`bgtcr pfsjs, pcrbebs y tbgnjs, bstbrfifzcr fhstrudbhtci qufrürafgj b fheudbhtcrfc ebi pbrsjhci, y ebsgjhtcdfhcr bi cfrb ebi cdkfbhtb, ij qub sugbebräc sf dctbrfcibs gjdj gctætbrbs, caulcs, lbrfhacs, bdpibcejs bh dchfjkrcs dæefgcs efcrfcs `ubrch utfifzcejs, cuhqub cuhqu b `ubrch gjh hfvbibs dähfdjs eb gjhtcdfhcgf÷h, cudbhtcräc bi rfbsaj eb gjhtcafj eb bh`brdbecebs b fhgiusj ic dubrtb. _crbgb fdprbsgfhefkib bhtjhgbs, qub ic pbrsjhc qub fharbsc c uhc giähfgc bh krbvb y qub bh bstb djdbhtj yc bstã bh gjhtcgtj gjh efstfhtcs pjkicgfjhbs kcgtbrfchcs, ebkb sckbr dchblcr bh `jrdc `iufec ic fh`jrdcgf÷h qub ib pbrdftc bibafr guãhej bs hbgbscrfj ebsfh`bgtcr j bstbrfifzcr, y iibvcr c gckj bi prjgbsj gjrrbspjhefbhtb bh `jrdc sctfs`cgtjrfc gjh bi gjhjgfdfbhtj eb ijs `uhecdbhtjs eb ij rbcifzcej.

ABHB[CIFECEBW EBI _[JVBGUJ Chtbgbebhtbs j ebsgrfpgf÷h ebi prjkibdc Ics fh`bggfjhbs hjsjgjdfcibs sjh uh gcsj duhefci, bxfstbh bh gcsf tjejs j tjejs ijs gbhtrjs qub prbstch ctbhgf÷h schftcrfc. Bs uhc sftucgf÷h eb bibdbhtjs pct÷abhjs bxfstbhtbs bh ics supbr`fgfbs ebi bqufpj dæefgj, fhstrudbhtci qufrürafgj, btg. C gjhtfhucgf÷h sb  prbsbhtch gcsjs eb bstcs fh`bggfjhbs qub c`bgtch tchtj c pcgfbhtbs qub bhtrch c njspftcibs  pjr uhc gjsc y eurchtb su bstchgfc bh æi sb fh`bgtch pjr jtrc gjsc. Ucdkfæh sb bhgubhtrch ijs gcsjs eb fh`bggfjhbs ci pbrsjhci schftcrfj. Wb ec e c bi gcsj eb uhc kcgtbrfc iicdcec Nc`hf iicdcec Nc`hf civbf qub bs uh kcgfij arcddhbactfvj, d÷vfi, cbr÷kfgj y su hjdkrb vfbhb ebi ictäh "civbus"  "civbus"  qub sfahf`fgc gjidbhc. Nc`hfc civbf sb bhgubhtrc bh gubhtrc cdpifcdbhtb efstrfkufec bh cauc, subij y cifdbhtjs. Bh bi nudchj c sfej febhtf`fgcej gjdj bspbgfb bhtærfgc y jrj`crähabc. Bh `jrdc fh`rbgubhtb, bstb cabhtb pubeb gjdpjrtcrsb gjdj pct÷abhj jpjrtuhfstc pcrc bi sbr nudchj, gcuschej fh`bggfjhbs fhtbstfhcibs (acstrjbhtbrftfs) j bxtrc-fhtbstfhcibs= eb bstcs uitfdcs sjh ebstcgckibs ics fh`bggfjhbs sfstædfgcs gjdj sbpsfs gjdj sbpsfs j hbudjhäc. Ucdkfbh c sfej csjgfcej c gucerjs eb dbhfhaftfs, fh`bggfjh eb nbrfec jpbrctjrfc, bhej`tcidftfs y cksgbsjs prj`uhejs. Ucdkfæh pubeb sbr cabhtb eb fh`bggfjhbs hjsjgjdfcibs, `cvjrbgfecs pjr prjgbefdfbhtjs ;

 

fhvcsjrbs gjdj gctbtbrfsdj vbsfgci, vbhtficgfjh dbgãhfgc y gctætbrbs vcsguicrbs, abhbrcidbhtb csjgfcej ci chtbgbebhtb ci trctcdfbhtj chtfdfgrjkfchj prbvfj. Nc`hfc prbvfj. Nc`hfc civbf bs susgbptfkib c efvbrsjs chtfdfgrjkfchjs gjdj qufhjijhcs, gcrkcpbhædfgjs, gijrch`bhfgji, cdfhjaiug÷sfejs, djhjkcgtãdfgjs, y gjtrfdjxczji. Ic `rbgubhgfc eb rbsfstbhgfc bs kclc= sfh bdkcraj bstb cabhtb bs gcpcz eb ebscrrjiicr rbsfstbhgfc c gb`cijspjrfhcs eb sbauhec y tbrgbrc abhbrcgf÷h ebkfej c ic prbsbhgfc eb kbtc-icgtcdcscs tchtj fheugfkibs gjdj gjhstftutfvcs. Bh ic iftbrcturc dæefgc bxfstbh rbpjrtbs eb kctbrfbdfcs pjr N. pjr  N. civbf bh  pcgfbhtbs pbefãtrfgjs< uh bstuefj eb Ifu y Gjis, ebsgrfkb bi gcsj giähfgj eb uh icgtchtb eb 76 eäcs eb bece qub prbsbhtj sbpsfs prbsbhtj sbpsfs pjr  pjr bstb cabhtb csjgfcej c fh`bggf÷h eb trcgtj urfhcrfj, qufbh rbgfkf÷ gb`trfcxjhc gjdj trctcdfbhtj chtfdfgrjkfchj gjh kubhc bvjiugf÷h giähfgc. [jerfaubz Aucrecej y Gjis rbcifzj uhc rbvfsf÷h rbtrjspbgtfvc eb ics kcgtbrfbdfcs pjr  N.civbf bh uhc uhfece eb gufecejs fhtbhsfvjs hbjhctci, febhtf`fgchej 3? gcsjs bh pcgfbhtbs  prbdcturjs. Jtrj rbpjrtb bspcóji pjr Gcschjvc Ujdch y Gjis ebsgrfkb bi gcsj eb sbpsfs hbjhctci cequfrfec bh ic gjduhfece, eb cpcrfgf÷h tcreäc, bh uh pcgfbhtb sfh bh`brdbece sukycgbhtb, bi qub tuvj bvjiugf÷h `cvjrckib gjh gb`jtcxfdc. gb`jtcxfdc. Eurchtb jgtukrb ebi ;??> sb efcahjstfgj sbpsfs y kctbrfbdfcs pjr N.civbf pjr  N.civbf bh guctrj pcgfbhtbs pbefãtrfgjs bh ic RGF gcrefj-qufrürafgc ebi NIGD. Gcsj 3. Icgtchtb eb 7 dbsbs eb bece, sbxj `bdbhfhj,  prjvbhfbhtb eb Ubdugj. Fharbsj pcrc uhc gjduhfgcgf÷h fhtbrgbktrfguicr (GFP) tfpj gchci, gjduhfgcgf÷h fhtbrcurfguicr (GFC) y eugtus crtbrfjsj. Fharbs÷ c ic RGF gcrefj-qufrürafgc. Wb ib fhefg÷ prj`ficxfs gjh gb`czjifhc y sb b`bgtu÷ gfbrrb eb GFP y eb GFC gjh dctbrfci sfhtætfgj. Wb fhstci÷ gctætbr gctætbr vbhjsj `bdjrci. Ci qufhtj eäc pjst-qufrürafgj pjst-qufrürafgj prbsbht÷ citbrcgf÷h pjr pcrãdbtrjs fh`bggfjsjs. Ijs nbdjguitfvjs ebi gctætbr vbhjsj rbsuitcrjh  pjsftfvjs pcrc N.civbf. pcrc N.civbf.  Gcsj ;. [bgfæh hcgfej, sbxj dcsguifhj, prjvbhfbhtb eb Wchtfcaj gnfib, chtbgbebhtb eb bdkcrczj `fsfji÷afgj y bgjarc`äcs jkstætrfgcs hjrdcibs. Hcgf÷ pjr gbsãrbc bh jtrj bstckibgfdfbhtj csfstbhgfci. Wb ib rbcifz÷ bgjgcrefjarc`äc hbjhctci, bvfebhgfchej bstbhjsfs eb vãivuic c÷rtfgc, `jrcdbh jvci cdpifj y eugtus crtbrfjsj  pbrdbckib. Ebkfej c su bxtrbdc arcvbece, ci tbrgbr eäc eb vfec, sb trcsice÷ c uhc uhfece eb gufecejs fhtbhsfvjs eb dcyjr gjdpiblfece, bvjiugfjhchej gjh `ciic jraãhfgc düitfpib, fhsu`fgfbhgfc rbhci y nbpãtfgc cauec, chbdfc, gjcauijpctäc y trjdkjgftjpbhfc, csjgfcecs c uhc efs`uhgf÷h vbhtrfguicr arcvb. Chtb ic hbgbsfece eb gfruaäc gcrefcgc eb citj rfbsaj bh  pcgfbhtb grätfgj, sb trcsice÷ c ic RGF gcrefjqufrurafgc ci dbs eb vfec. Ijs nbdjguitfvjs ebi 7

 

GPG y uhc ifhbc crtbrfci `ubrjh fh`jrdcejs pjsftfvjs pcrc N.civbf. N. civbf. Bvjiugfjh÷ fhbstckib. @ciibgf÷ ci eægfdj eäc ebseb su fharbsj. Gcsj 7. [bgfbh hcgfej eb 75 sbdchcs eb abstcgf÷h. Wbxj `bdbhfhj. Bdkcrczj gjhtrjicej. Rhc bgjarc`äc hbjhctci prbsbhgfjhuhc GFP citc. Wb fhtbrrudpf÷ bi bdkcrczj pjr citbrcgf÷h eb ic uhfece `btj-picgbhtbräc. Rhc bgjgcrefjarc`äc c ijs 3? eäcs eb vfec, djstr÷ uhc GFC tfpj tfpj `jrcdbh jvci, GFP pbrfdbd pbrfdbdkrchjsc krchjsc y eugtus crtbrfjsj pbrdbckib. @ub bvciucec pjr gcrefjijaäc, fhefgãhejsb rbsjiugf÷h qufrürafgc c ijc 0 dbsbs eb bece. @ciibgf÷ c ics 5; njrcs trcs nckbrsb b`bgtucej ic gfr gfruaäc. uaäc. Bi fh`jrdb eb ijs nbdjguitfvjs gbhtrci y pbrf`ærfgj `ub pjsftfvj pcrc N.civbf.

Gcsj 5. Icgtchtb eb sbxj

dcsguifhj, 5 dbsbs eb bece. Chtbgbebhtbs eb efspicsc dftrci b fhsu`fgfbhgfc vcivuicr arcvb y trbs njspftcifzcgfjhbs bh su gfuece eb jrfabh pjr ebsgjdpbhscgfjhbs rbspfrctjrfcs. Wb trcsice÷ c ic RGF gcrefj-qufrürafgc gcrefj-qufrürafgc pcrc su rbsjiugf÷h. rbsjiugf÷h. C ics 1; njrcs pjst gfruaäc prbsbht÷ citbrcgfjhbs pjr pcrcdbtrjs fh`bggfjsjs, pjr ij qub sb fhfgfj tbrcpfc gjh vchgjdfgfhc y cdfmcgfhc. Ijs nbdjguitfvjs eb uh GPG y jtrjs jktbhfejs pjr puhgf÷h pbrf`ærfgc rbsuitcrjh pjsftfvjs pcrc N.civbf. pcrc N.civbf. Gjdpibtj 35 eäcs eb trctcdfbhtj chtfdfgrjkfchj, gjh nbdjguitfvjs eb gjhtrji hbactfvjs y `ub ecej eb citc bh kubhcs gjhefgfjhbs.

GCWJW BH VRGCUÃH. Vugctãh jgupc bi tbrgbr iuacr hcgfjhci gjh dcyjr hüdbrj eb bh`brdbecebs csjgfcecs c ic ctbhgf÷h eb ic sciue, bs ebgfr, ics qub sb cequfbrbh bh ic bstchgfc ebi pcgfbhtb bh uh njspftci, sbaüh ics gf`rcs eb ic sbgrbtcräc eb sciue. Bhtrb bstcs bh`brdbecebs `faurch ics hbudjhäcs y ics fh`bggfjhbs urfhcrfcs, qub sb prjeugbh p rjeugbh guchej bh ics fhstcicgfjhbs schftcrfcs cpcrbgbh njhajs y vfrus, prjeugtj ebi rbiclcdfbhtj eb ics dbefecs eb prbvbhgf÷h j eb ic gcrbhgfc eb fhsudjs, efgb bi fh`bgt÷ijaj Iufs fh`bgt÷ijaj Iufs Dchubi Gjrrcibs Fhtbrfãh. Wbaüh bi rbpjrtb dcs rbsfbhtb eb ic efrbggf÷h eb ic efrbggf÷h abhbrci eb ic Bpfebdfjijaäc eb ic sbgrbtcräc eb sciue, bh ;?36 Vugctch rbafstr÷ 323; gcsjs eb bstb tfpj eb pcebgfdfbhtjs, iicdcejs tcdkfæh bh`brdbecebs hjsjgjdfcibs, pcrc jgupcr bi tbrgbr iuacr hcgfjhci, eb kclj eb Gfuece eb Dæxfgj, gjh 0;6> gcsjs y Jcxcgc, gjh 3076. Bi gucrtj iuacr ij jgupc pubkic gjh 3576 pcgfbhtbs y bi qufhtj Hubvj Ib÷h, gjh 3;60. Bh ;?3>, Vugctch tcdkfæh qubej bh bi tbrgbr iuacr hcgfjhci bh bstb tfpj eb pcebgfdfbhtjs gjh 3>?5 bh`brdjs, bh tchtj Gfuece eb Dæxfgj rbafstr÷ 762?, pcrc jgupcr jtrc vbz bi prfdbr iuacr. Jcxcgc tugj ;327. Bsb cój Gcdpbgnb iiba÷ ci gucrtj iuacr hcgfjhci gjh 3317 gcsjs y kclc Gcif`jrhfc tuvj 62; gcsjs. 5

 

Bh ;?31, Vugctch chjt÷ 3205 gcsjs eb bh`brdbecebs hjsjgjdfcibs, ij qub sfahf`fgc qub bi fheugb sb efspcr÷ 32.7% bh ;?3> pbrj kcl÷ 30.1% bh ;?36, rbspbgtj eb ijs gcsjs rbafstrcejs bh ;?3>. Gjrrcibs Fhabräch efgb qub bstjs njhajs y pcrãsftjs subibh cpcrbgbr bh ijs njspftcibs ebkfej ci rbiclcdfbhtj eb ics dbefecs eb prbvbhgf÷h y c ics ifdftcgfjhbs `fhchgfbrcs, qub jkstcguifzch bi ckcstj eb abibs chtfsæptfgjs.

Ics dcs gjduhbs. Wbaüh bi fh`bgt÷ijaj Iufs Dchubi Gjrrcibs Fhtbrfãh, bhtrb ics prfhgfpcibs bh`brdbecebs hjsjgjdfcibs, `faurch ic hbudjhäc, ics fh`bggfjhbs bh ics väcs urfhcrfcs, ic kcgtbrfbdfc  prfdcrfc, ics nbrfecs qufrürafgcs y ic `ibkftfs. `ibkftfs.

Njhajs y _crãsftjs. Bstjs dcibs, efgb, pubebh sbr gcuscejs pjr p jr njhajs, pcrãsftjs y vfrus, cuhqub ijs rbspjhsckibs usucidbhtb sjh kcgtbrfcs, gjdj ijs Wtc`nyijgjggus curbus y bpfebrdfs. Rhj eb ijs gcsjs dcs sjhcejs bs ic dbhfhaftfs bh bi njspftci J'Njrãh, pjr gjhtcdfhcgf÷h. Bh ij qub `ub bi cój ;?36, sb rbpjrtcrjh dcs eb dfi fh`bggfjhbs gjhtrcäecs bh fhstftugfjhbs eb sciue pükifgcs, rbvbich bstceästfgcs eb ic Efrbggf÷h abhbrci eb bpfebdfjijaäc eb ic sbgrbtcräc eb sciue. Ic dbhfhaftfs ebtbgtcec rbgfbhtbdbhtb bh bi njspftci J'Njrãh bs uhc eb ics c`bggfjhbs eb bsb tfpj. J`fgfcidbhtb `ubrjh 5 gcsjs, tjejs dulbrbs.

_ichtbcdfbhtj ebi prjkibdc Gcec cój, bi trctcdfbhtj y ic ctbhgf÷h eb gfbhtjs eb dfiijhbs eb pcgfbhtbs bh tjej bi duhej sb gjdpifgc c gcusc eb fh`bggfjhbs gjhtrcäecs eurchtb ic csfstbhgfc dæefgc pjr efstfhtjs `cgtjrbs gjdj ic fhgjrrbgtc bstbrfifzcgf÷h y ebsfh`bggf÷h eb fhstrudbhtcibs, gjdj gjhsbgubhgfc, ciauhcs pbrsjhcs sb bh`brdch dãs arcvbdbhtb qub sf hj sb nukfbrch fh`bgtcej, ebkfej c bstj ciauhcs ebkbh pbrdchbgbr dãs tfbdpj bh bi njspftci, jtrcs qubech efsgcpcgftcecs pjr uh icraj pbrfjej y jtrcs dubrbh. Cebdãs ebi gjstj bh vfecs nudchcs, bstc sftucgf÷h abhbrc uhc gcrac bgjh÷dfgc cefgfjhci fdpjrtchtb pcrc ijs sfstbdcs eb sciue. Wbaüh ic Jrachfzcgf÷h Duhefci eb ic Wciue (JDW) bh ;?36, ics fh`bggfjhbs rbicgfjhcecs gjh ic ctbhgf÷h schftcrfc (tcdkfæh iicdcecs fh`bggfjhbs njspftcicrfcs n jspftcicrfcs j hjsjgjdfcibs)  prbsbhtch dugncs eb ics gcrcgtbrästfgcs eb uh prjkibdc fdpjrtchtb eb sbaurfece ebi  pcgfbhtb. Wb prjeugbh pjr hudbrjscs gcuscs rbicgfjhcecs tchtj gjh ijs sfstbdcs y prjgbsjs 2

 

eb ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h y prbstcgf÷h eb ic ctbhgf÷h schftcrfc gjdj gjh gjdpjrtcdfbhtjs fhefvfeucibs.] GFUCUFJH Jra36 Yi ;?2> T 

Bh tjej djdbhtj, dãs eb 3,5 dfiijhbs eb pbrsjhcs bh bi duhej gjhtrcbh fh`bggfjhbs bh bi njspftci.] GFUCUFJH Jra36 Yi ;?2> T

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Bhtrb bi 2% y bi 3?% eb e b ijs pcgfbhtbs qub fharbsch c njspftcibs djebrhjs ebi duhej ebscrrjiicej gjhtrcbrãh uhc j dãs fh`bggfjhbs. ] GFUCUFJH Jra36 Yi ;?2> T Bh Dæxfgj, sb gciguic qub 52?.??? gcsjs eb fh`bggf÷h rbicgfjhcec gjh ic ctbhgf÷h schftcrfc gcusch 7; dubrtbs pjr gcec 3??.??? nckftchtbs pjr cój.] GFUCUFJH Jra36 Yi ;?2> T

Vc bxfstbh bstrctbafcs eb ic JDW eb b`fgcgfc gjdprjkcec pcrc ncgbr `rbhtb c ciauhjs eb bstjs rfbsajs, bh ãrbcs ejheb sb rbcifzch prjgbefdfbhtjs giähfgjs, sjkrb tjej bh ic ctbhgf÷h eb bdbrabhgfc ebi prfdbr hfvbi, yc qub hj sb bstãh tjdchej ics dbefecs hbgbscrfcs pcrc ic csbpsfc njspftcicrfc, fhgiuybhej ic ebsfh`bggf÷h y bstbrfifzcgf÷h ebi fhstrudbhtci utfifzcej bh gfruaäcs. Bi [btj Duhefci pjr ic Wbaurfece ebi _cgfbhtb ncgb suycs bstcs bstrctbafcs y  prjdubvb cggfjhbs b fhtbrvbhgfjhbs bspbgä`fgcs qub tfbhbh b`bgtjs efrbgtjs bh tærdfhjs eb fh`bggfjhbs rbicgfjhcecs gjh ic ctbhgf÷h schftcrfc y sbaurfece ebi pcgfbhtb, bstcs cggfjhbs sb gjdkfhch gjh ic ickjr bh prj eb ic cpifgcgf÷h eb efstfhtcs tæghfgcs sjkrb bstbrfifzcgf÷h eb fhstrudbhtci bh ic ctbhgf÷h schftcrfc, eb cgubrej gjh bi ibdc ’Rhc ctbhgf÷h ifdpfc bs uhc ctbhgf÷h dãs sbaurc—.] GFUCUFJH Jra36 Yi ;?2> T

Jklbtfvjs Jklbtfvj Abhbrci< Djebicr bh 7E uh bstbrfifzcejr eb rcefcgf÷h uitrcvfjibtc gcpcz eb bifdfhcr tjec ic pjkicgf÷h kcgtbrfchc bh dbhjr tfbdpj y gjh dcyjr b`fgcgfc. Jklbtfvjs bspbgä`fgjs< 3. Djeb Djebic icrr uh bs bsqu qubd bdcc eb ;. [bgjpficr [bgjpficr bi dctbrf dctbrfci ci hbgbscrf hbgbscrfj j pcrc pcrc bi djhtclb. djhtclb. 7. Efstrfkuf Efstrfkufrr y gciguicr gciguicr ic efstchgf efstchgfcc eb ijs ijs `iujrbs `iujrbsgbhtbs gbhtbs.. 5. @flcr ijs `iujrbsgbht `iujrbsgbhtbs bs gjh gjh ijs ebdãs bibdbhtjs. bibdbhtjs. 2. Djht jhtcr y pui puiffr. 0. _rjkcr _rjkcr ic ic b`fgfb b`fgfbhgfc hgfc ebi ebi bstbr bstbrfif fifzcej zcejr  r 

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Nfp÷tbsfs j supubstjs Nfp÷tbsfs eb trckclj< Ic b`fgcgfc eb ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h b stbrfifzcgf÷h uitrcvfjibtc bh dctbrfci qufrürafgj gjdj pcsj cefgfjhci c ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h trcefgfjhci. Nfp÷tbsfs bspbgä`fgc< 3)Bi sbrvfgfj eb ic Gbhtrci eb Bstbrfifzcgf÷h eb ijs njspftcibs sjh sctfs`cgtjrfjs. ;)Ijs dætjejs eb prjgbscdfbhtj y gjhtrji eb fhstrudbhtci qufrürafgj eb ic Gbhtrci eb Bstbrfifzcgf÷h sjh cebgucejs. 7) Bi pjrgbhtclb eb pcgfbhtbs qub ebscrrjiicrjh fh`bggf÷h eb nbrfec qufrürafgc. 5) Bi abrdbh dãs `rbgubhtb bh pcgfbhtbs gjh fh`bggf÷h eb nbrfec qufrürafgc. 2) quädfgjs ebsfh`bgtchtbs ecófhjs.

Lustf`fgcgf÷h Cgtucidbhtb ic csbpsfc njspftcicrfc pcrc ebsfh`bggf÷h eb fhstrudbhtci dæefgj sb  kcsc bi gfhgj pcsjs< 

Ifdpfbzc. - Gjhsfstb bh ic bifdfhcgf÷h eb tjec sugfbece vfsfkib eb uhc supbr`fgfb u jklbtj, gjdj kfj gcrac, sugfbece, scharb, bxgrbdbhtj, ebpbhefbhej ebi ãrbc ejheb ncyc sfej utfifzcej bi fhstrudbhtci. _ubeb sbr dchuci j dbgãhfgc (dbefchtb uhc icvcejrc)

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_rbpcrcgf÷h ebi pcqubtb. ‗ _crc fdpbefr bi pcsj eb aærdbhbs, sb usc pcpbi grbpcej j tbic eb ciaje÷h y gjhtbhbejrbs qufrürafgjs.] GFUCUFJH @cr36 Yi ;?2> T

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Bstbrfifzcgf÷h. ‗C trcvæs eb uhc dcqufhc eb cutjgicvb utfifzchej pbr÷xfej eb nferjabhj y ejs gfgijs, bi gjrtj qub fhgiuyb ijs qub hj tfbhbh iüdbhbs y bi icraj qub sf ijs tfbhb. Eurch cprjxfdcecdbhtb bhtrb ;> y 22 dfhutjs. ] GFUCUFJH @cr36 Yi ;?2> T

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Cidcgbhcdfbhtj. ‗ Guchej tbrdfhc bi gfgij eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h, sb tfbhb qub gjdprjkcr qub sb bhgubhtrc gjrrbgtcdbhtb sbiicej y qub ijs fhefgcejrbs nch gcdkfcej su gjijr, pcrc csä cidcgbhcrijs bh uh gucrtj bstærfi y dchblcr su scifec  pjr dbefj ebi gjhtrji eb gcifece y sjij pubebh pbrdchbgbr 35 eäcs.] GFUCUFJH @cr36 Yi ;?2> T

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Dugnjs njspftcibs y/j giähfgcs ebhtcibs utfifzch gijrurj eb kbhzcigjhfj, kbh zcigjhfj, pcrc ’bstbrfifzcr— sus fhstrudbhtcibs y sb nc bhgjhtrcej bh bstuefjs eb dfgrjkfjijaäc qub bi GK gcrbgb eb cgtfvfece bspjrfgfec y rctf`fgch qub bstb gjdpubstj guctbrhcrfj eb cdjhfj hj tfbhb cpifgcgf÷h gjdj cabhtb bstbrfifzchtb j gjdj gj dj ebsfh`bgtchtb eb fhstrudbhtci dæefgj y ebhtci. ] GFUCUFJH Jra36 Yi ;?2> T

Grjhjarcdc y prbsupubstj 3. Fhvb Fhvbst stfa facg cgf÷ f÷h h (6 eäcs) c. Fhvbst Fhvbstfac facrr bi tbdc tbdc eb bstb bstbrfi rfifzc fzcgf÷ gf÷h h (3 eäc)  k. Chtbgbebhtbs (3 eäc) g. Dætj Dætjejs ejs eb bstb bstbrf rfif ifzcg zcgf÷ f÷h h (; eäcs) e. Pbhtclcs Pbhtclcs y ebsvbhtcl ebsvbhtclcs cs eb ijs prfhgfpcib prfhgfpcibss dætjejs dætjejs eb bstbrfi bstbrfifzcgf÷ fzcgf÷h h (; eäcs) b. Fhvbstfacr Fhvbstfacr sjkrb sjkrb bqufpjs bqufpjs eb bstbr bstbrfifzc fifzcgf÷h gf÷h bxfstbht bxfstbhtbs bs bh bi bi dbrgcej dbrgcej (7 eäcs) ;. Ebsc Ebscrrrji rjiij (5? eäcs) c. Wbibgg Wbibggf÷h f÷h ebi dætj dætjej ej eb bstbrf bstbrfifz ifzcgf cgf÷h ÷h (7 eäcs)  k. Wbibggf÷h eb dctbrfcibs y gjdpjhbhtbs (> eäcs) g. Ef Efsb sbój ój ebi ebi pich pichj j ebi prj prjtj tjtf tfpj pj (1 eäcs) e. Gjdp Gjdprc rc eb dctb dctbrf rfci cibs bs (1 eäcs) b. _r _rja jarc rcdc dcgf gf÷h ÷h ebi gjht gjhtrj rjic icej ejrr (32 eäcs) 7. Fdpi Fdpibd bdbh bhtc tcgf gf÷h ÷h (3> eäcs) c. @c @ckr krfg fgcgf cgf÷h ÷h eb gncsf gncsfss (3? eäcs)  k. Fhstcicgf÷h eb gjdpjhbhtbs bh bi gncsfs (2 eäcs) g. Gjhbxf Gjhbxf÷h ÷h fhtbrh fhtbrhcc eb ijs gjdpj gjdpjhbht hbhtbs bs y bibdbht bibdbhtjs js (; eäcs) e. Gjdprj Gjdprjkcgf kcgf÷h ÷h eb gjhbxfj gjhbxfjhbs hbs y `uhgfjh `uhgfjhcdf cdfbht bhtj j (3 eäc) 5. _rubkcs (; eäcs)

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DC[GJ UBJ[FGJ Chtbgbebhtbs j dcrgj nfst÷rfgj Ebseb ijs fhfgfjs eb ic gfvfifzcgf÷h bi njdkrb nc iibvcej c gckj eb uhc u jtrc `jrdc prjgbsjs eb  purf`fgcgf÷h j ebsfh`bggf÷h. Chtfsæptfgjs tcibs gjdj ic krbc j ics rbsfhcs crjdctfzchtbs, crjdctfzchtbs, `ubrjh cdpifcdbhtb utfifzcejs pjr ijs bafpgfjs, cuh chtbs eb qub tuvfbrch uh ibhauclb bsgrftj, pcrc bdkciscdcr sus gceãvbrbs. C trcvæs eb ijs trckcljs eb Nbr÷ejtj, sb sckb qub ijs bafpgfjs bstckch `cdfifcrfzcejs gjh bi bdpibj eb gfbrtjs prjeugtjs quädfgjs q uädfgjs tcibs gjdj bi hftrj y ic sci gjdüh. Ijs vcpjrbs eb ciauhjs prjeugtjs quädfgjs, jktbhfejs pjr gjdkustf÷h, tcdkfæh `ubrjh uscejs pjr ijs chtfaujs pcrc ebsjejrfzcr j ebsfh`bgtcr. Bi czu`rb `ub cpcrbhtbdbhtb= bi prfdbrj eb ijs prjeugtjs utfifzcejr. Bi sfaufbhtb pcsclb eb ic Jefsbc dubstrc ij efgnj< ’…IB EFLJ C IC BH@B[DB[C NB[FGIBC, U[CB BI C\R@[B IFD_FCEJ[ V BHGFBHEBIJ _C[C SRB VJ _RBEC _R[F@FGC[ BWUC WCIC…— Ic purf`fgcgf÷h eb jklbtjs y ic ebstruggf÷h ebi dctbrfci hjgfvj j fh`bggfjhbs pjr bi `ubaj, tcdkfæh pcrbgb tbhbr su jrfabh bhtrb ijs bafpgfjs. Bh ic chtfaùbece ic fhgfhbrcgf÷h eb gubrpjs eb chfdcibs y pbrsjhcs sb utfifz÷ c dbhuej gjdj uh dbefj pcrc ebsncgbrsb eb ijs gceãvbrbs y ebstrufr ijs ijs jijrbs eb ic putrb`cggf÷h putrb`cggf÷h eurchtb ics aubrrcs. Djfsæs (352? C.G.) `ub bi  prfdbrj bh rbgjdbhecr uh sfstbdc eb purf`fgcgf÷h pjr dbefj ebi `ubaj. C su vbz Nfp÷grctbs bi dãs `cdjsj eb ijs dæefgjs arfbajs rbgjhjgf÷ ic fdpjrtchgfc ebi cauc nbrvfec ic ifdpfbzc eb ics dchjs y eb ics uócs ebi gfrulchj y bi usj eb vbhecs ifdpfcs pcrc gurcr nbrfecs. Bh ic bece dbefc ic sugfbece, ic  pbstb y ics picacs ebvcstcrjh tjec Burjpc pjr ij qub sb fhtbhtcrjh efvbrsjs dætjejs pcrc gjdkctfr ic  pbstb bh ijs njspftcibs y gcscs fh`bgtcecs bdpibchej sjiugfjhbs ifdpfcejrcs cfrbcgf÷h, nudj vcpjrbs eb vfhcarb y eb czu`rb, chtfdjhfj y crsæhfgj. _jstbrfjrdbhtb chtb bi ebsgukrfdfbhtj eb ics kcgtbrfcs ic 3?

 

chtfauc grbbhgfc sjkrb ic abhbrcgf÷h bspjhtãhbc suraf÷ hubvcdbhtb gjdj tbdc eb efsgusf÷h eb ijs fhvbstfacejrbs sfh bdkcraj uhj eb ijs prfdbrjs jpjhbhtbs c ic tbjräc eb ic abhbrcgf÷h bspjhtãhbc `ub Wpciichzchf qufæh bh 3102 ebdjstr÷ qub bi nbrvfr uhc fh`usf÷h eb cauc ebsgjdpubstc pjr uh icpsj eb ejs njrcs hj brc su`fgfbhtb pcrc ebstrufr tjejs ijs aærdbhbs pbrj guchej ic `uhgf÷h brc gjijgcec bh uh rbgfpfbhtb nbrdætfgj y nbrvfec eurchtb uhc njrc hj sb jktbhäc abhbrcgf÷h bspjhtãhbc eb hfhaüh tfpj eb dfgrjkfjs y hj jgurräc ic `brdbhtcgf÷h. _jr jtrc pcrtb pcrc gjhjgbr ics gjhtrfkugfjhbs eb _cstbur ci  prjgbsj eb ebscrrjiij ebi ebsgukrfdfbhtj eb ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h bs hbgbscrfj rbdjhtcrsb ci cój 3>0?, bh bsb cój _cstbur nckäc tbrdfhcej sus fhvbstfacgfjhbs sjkrb ics gcuscs dfgrjkfchcs eb ic `brdbhtcgf÷h y gjdbhzckc gjh bi prjkibdc eb ic abhbrcgf÷h bspjhtãhbc, gjh uhc fhvbstfacgf÷h dfgrjsg÷pfgc ebi jxäabhj y ic cyuec eb fhabhfjsjs efspjsftfvjs ebdjstr÷ qub bi ãrbc bh ef`brbhtbs e f`brbhtbs iuacrbs ef`fbrb sustchgfcidbhtb bh gjhtbhfej eb dfgrjjrachfsdjs. @fhcidbhtb, _cstbur ebdjstr÷ qub ic `brdbhtcgf÷h bh fh`usfjhbs nbrvfecs pjeäc bvftcrsb sf bi gubiij eb e b ijs `rcsgjs sb ib eckc `jrdc eb ’R— eb tci dchbrc qub ijs dfgrjjrachfsdjs y ics pcrtäguics eb pjivj prbsbhtbs bh bi cfrb hj puefbrjh bhtrcr c ic pcrtb ckfbrtc eb tukj yc qub ic cusbhgfc eb gjrrfbhtbs eb cfrb fdpbeäc ijs dfgrjjrachfsdjs csgbhebr y bvftckc su cggbsj ci `rcsgj. _jr jtrj icej, uhj eb ijs üitfdjs eb`bhsjrbs eb ic abhbrcgf÷h bspjhtãhbc `ub bi dæefgj fhaiæs Kcstfãh qufæh bs 3>10 ctcg÷ bi trckclj eb _cstbur qub nckäc ebdjstrcej qub ic jrfhc bstbrfifzcec nbrvfec hj djstrckc `brdbhtcgf÷h y bvfebhgfc ciauhc eb grbgfdfbhtj kcgtbrfchj eurchtb gfbrtj pbräjej eb fhgukcgf÷h, gjdj rbsuitcej eb bstj y pcrc jktbhbr dætjejs dãs b`bgtfvjs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h sb tuvfbrjh qub fhvbhtcr hubvjs cpcrctjs eurchtb bi pbräjej eb 3>10 y 3>>? sb jktuvfbrjh cvchgbs bh ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h kcgtbrfji÷afgc, bi ciudhj y gjickjrcejr eb _cstbur, Gncribs Gncdkbriche ebscrrjii÷ bi prfdbr bstbrfifzcejr c kcsb eb vcpjr c prbsf÷h cutjgicvb bh bi guci sb jktuvfbrjh tbdpbrcturcs eb 3;?¿G y dcyjrbs, bstb bstb bstbrfifzcejr sb pcr pcrbgäc bgäc c ic jiic eb prbsf÷h, ic tcpc sb sjstbhäc sjstbhäc bh su iuacr pjr dbefj eb dfiijs eb ’dcrfpjsc— y bstckc bqufpcej gjh uhc vãivuic eb sbaurfece y jtrc eb tfpj eb ’pfgj eb aciij— qub pjeäc ckrfrsb pcrc bxpuiscr bi cfrb ci cudbhtcr ic prbsf÷h pjr gcibhtcdfbhtj. _jstbrfjrdbhtb _cstbur bh su gjh`brbhgfc sjkrb ics kcgtbrfcs k cgtbrfcs bi 7? eb ckrfi eb 3>1> 3>1 > chtb ic cgcebdfc eb dbefgfhc prbeflj qub bh uh `uturj hj sjij sb uscräch fhstrudbhtjs cdpifjs, cauc nbrvfec, gcijr j efspjsftfvjs, sfhj qub sbräc pjsfkib ebscrrjiicr jtrcs tæghfgcs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h c kcsb eb rcefcgfjhbs.] GFUCUFJH @ij63 Yi ;?2> T

Dcrgj gjhtbxtuci Bi prbsbhtb bs uh prjybgtj gbhtrci ebi Fhstftutj Ubghji÷afgj eb Dærfec pbrtbhbgfbhtb ci Ubghji÷afgj  Hcgfjhci eb Dæxfgj. Bstã abstfjhcej pjr ciudhjs eb ic gcrrbrc eb Fha. Kfjdæefgc cpjycejs bh sus cggfjhbs beugctfvcs y efeãgtfgcs pjr prj`bsjrbs eb efgnc fhstftugf÷h. Efgnj prjybgtj sb gjdbhz÷ bh bi 33

 

sbdbstrb bhbrj ‗ luhfj ebi ;?;? gjh ic dctbrfc eb Uciibr eb Fhvbstfacgf÷h FF, tbhfbhej bi tutjrcej eb ic  prj`bsjrc Wyivfc [ufz Gcschjvc. Cgtucidbhtb sb bstã cvchzchej pcrc sbr uh prjybgtj fhtbarcejr tbhfbhej ci dfsdj tutjr y cpjyãhejsb eb jtrcs dctbrfcs gjdj Ebscrrjiij y Efsbój eb prjybgtjs c gcraj ebi Fha. Fvãh Dchubi Afi Ejdähaubz. Gjdj sb dbhgfjhc chtbrfjrdbhtb, bi prjybgtj sb bstã ebscrrjiichej bh bi Fhstftutj Ubghji÷afgj eb Dærfec qub bs uhc fhstftugf÷h beugctfvc eb gcrãgtbr j`fgfci, icfgj, dfxtj y urkchj eb ljrhcec efurhc gjh ijs hfvbibs eb beugcgf÷h supbrfjr, gjhtchej csä gjh ifgbhgfcturcs y dcbsträcs. Dbefchtb ic j`brtc eb beugcgf÷h prj`bsfjhci ebi dãs citj hfvbi gjdpbtftfvj, sb nc gjhvbrtfej bh uh ägjhj eb ic Beugcgf÷h Wupbrfjr Ubghji÷afgc c hfvbi Hcgfjhci. Ucdkfæh sb tfbhbh qub gjhsfebrcr jtrjs `cgtjrbs qub gjdpibdbhtch ic fhstftugf÷h, bstj bs, ic fh`rcbstrugturc y bi bqufpcdfbhtj= sfbhej pjr bxgbibhgfc uh gbhtrj beugctfvj eb fhhjvcgf÷h y ebscrrjiij tbghji÷afgj. Bi _rjgbsj Beugctfvj, gbrtf`fgcej bh ic Hjrdc FWJ 6??3= rb`rbhec bi Wfstbdc eb Abstf÷h eb ic Gcifece bh ijs gfhgj prjgbsjs bstrctæafgjs (Cgceædfgj, Pfhguicgf÷h, _ichbcgf÷h, Cedfhfstrcgf÷h eb ijs [bgursjs y Gcifece) y csä bi Fhstftutj Ubghji÷afgj eb Dærfec sctfs`cac cebgucecdbhtb ijs rbqubrfdfbhtjs eb sus gifbhtbs. Bi ejdfgfifj ebi Fhstftutj Ubghji÷afgj eb Dærfec bs Gciib 3?, _ich eb Cycic, 6133> Dærfec, Vugctãh, Dæxfgj.

Dcrgj gjhgbptuci Ic prbvbhgf÷h eb ic fh`bggf÷h bs sfh euec ciauhc bi rbqufsftj jkifactjrfj eb ic prãgtfgc qufrürafgc y, pjr  ij tchtj, bs uhc kcsb pcrc bi bstckibgfdfbhtj eb ics tæghfgcs qufrürafgcs gjrrbgtcs. Bi gjhtrji eb ic fh`bggf÷h, pjr gfbrtj, hj bstã ifdftcej c ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h eb fhstrudbhtjs, sudfhfstrjs y cggbsjrfjs sjijs j ci bstckibgfdfbhtj eb uhc kubhc rutfhc eb gcdkfj eb cp÷sftjs bh ic giähfgc j bh bi gjhsuitjrfj prfvcej. Eb fauci dchbrc, ij fdpjrtchtb bs ic gjhgfbhgfc eb ic hbgbsfece eb ic rbeuggf÷h eb ijs aærdbhbs pct÷abhjs bh bi cdkfbhtb abhbrci y, pjr supubstj, bi gfrulchj rbspjhsckib sfbdprb bstã cibrtc c ic hbgbsfece eb prbvbhfr ic fh`bggf÷h gruzcec bhtrb bi pbrsjhci qub gfrguic, rbeugfbhej ijs dfgrjkfjs bh bi cfrb y cdkfbhtb, y bifdfhchej bi brrjr nudchj y bi ebsgufej qub tfbhebh c fhtbrrudpfr ic gcebhc eb ic csbpsfc. Cgtucidbhtb ic tbghjijaäc `äsfgc sfaub sfbhej prb`brfkib c ijs dætjejs quädfgjs pcrc ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h ebi fhstrudbhtci y ijs dctbrfcibs. Bi gcijr nüdbej sfaub sfbhej bi dbefj dãs gjh`fckib y dbhjs gjstjsj eb ebstrufr ijs dfgrjkfjs fhebsbckibs. Ncy jtrjs dætjejs `äsfgjs, dbhjs b`bgtfvjs qub bi vcpjr, tcibs gjdj ic `fitrcgf÷h, ic rcefcgf÷h y bi uitrcsjhfej, pbrj bstj abhbrcidbhtb sb bdpibc ejheb ic cpifgcgf÷h ebi vcpjr scturcej hj rbsuitc `cgtfkib. Bh bi gcdpj eb ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h pubebh bstckibgbrsb rãpfecdbhtb ciauhjs nbgnjs gjhgrbtjs qub bs fdpjrtchtb qub sbch gjdprbhefejs pjr bi bstuefchtb eb gfruaäc. _jr uhc pcrtb, ic rbt÷rfgc utfifzcec hj ebkb sbr gjh`usc j pbrdfsfvc. Eb bstb djej. Wb bstckibgb cquä qub bstbrfifzcgf÷h vc c sfahf`fgcr ic ebstruggf÷h tjtci eb ic vfec dfgrjkfchc y 3;

 

vfrci. Ijs vjgckijs qub c dbhuej sb rbicgfjhch gjh ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h, tcibs gjdj chtfsbpsfc y ebsfh`bggf÷h, ebkbh sbr rbgjhjgfejs gicrcdbhtb gjdj rbprbsbhtchtbs eb bstcejs dbhjs qub bstærfibs, qub pjr ij tchtj hj ijarch gudpifr ijs rbqubrfdfbhtjs tjtcibs eb ic bstbrfifece. Gjdj prfhgfpfj kãsfgj eb csbpsfc, pubeb nckbr s÷ij uhc `jrdc eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h, qub bs ic ebstruggf÷h gjdpibtc eb ijs  pct÷abhjs. Ebi dfsdj djej, uh vfrfgfec dctc c ijs vfrus, uh `uhafstãtfgj rbeugb ic vbijgfece eb grbgfdfbhtj eb uh njhaj, y csä sugbsfvcdbhtb. Ijs dfgrjjrachfsdjs pct÷abhjs qub `jrdch bspjrcs  prjvbbh ic prubkc eb`fhftfvc eb ic b`fgcgfc eb ics prãgtfgcs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h y, gjh rbspbgtj c bstj, bi vcpjr scturcej nc ebdjstrcej sbr bi bspjrfgfec dãs prãgtfgj, dãs bgjh÷dfgj y dãs gj gjrrfbhtbdbhtb rrfbhtbdbhtb b`bgtfvj.] GFUCUFJH FDW Yi ;?2> T 

_rfhgfpfjs eb ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h

Ijs `uhecdbhtjs kãsfgjs eb ics tæghfgcs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h sb vch c trctcr krbvbdbhtb pcrc csbaurcr qub ijs rbqubrfdfbhtjs eb ic beugcgf÷h eb prbarcej sb ncych gudpifej. Wfaub vfabhtb bi nbgnj eb qub njy rcrc vbz sb vb uh bstbrfifzcejr eb cauc nfrvfbhtb j uhc bstu`c eb gcijr sbgj bh uh qufr÷`chj j bh ic aucrefc eb uhc giähfgc. Ijs bibdbhtjs ebsgcrtckibs prbbstbrfifzcejs eb usj ühfgj nch bifdfhcej bh arch dbefec ic hbgbsfece eb bstb bqufpj. Ucdkfæh ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h acsbjsc tci gjdj ic qub sb ncgb gjh ÷xfej eb btfibhj bstã sfbhej utfifzcec gcec vbz dbhjs. Wfh bdkcraj, bstcs sjh tæghfgcs bhscycecs y  prjkcecs qub nch prbvcibgfej gjh bi gjrrbr eb ijs cójs y sbaufrãh sfbhej gjh`fckibs ncstc qub sb ics rbbdpicgb pjr dætjejs dbljrbs bh ic bvjiugf÷h prjarbsfvc eb tbghjijaäc dæefgc.] GFUCUFJH Hch31 Yi ;?2> T 

Cutjgicvcej

Bi cutjgicvcej bs bi dætjej prb`brfej eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h y bi qub gjh gbrtbzc ebstruyb ijs dfgrjjrachfsdjs rbsfstbhtbs `jrdcejrbs eb bspjrjs y ijs njhajs. _rjvbb gcijr nüdbej bh `jrdc eb vcpjr scturcej kclj prbsf÷h. Bstc gjdkfhcgf÷h eb nudbece y gcijr abhbrc bi pjebr ebstrugtjr eb  kcgtbrfcs qub cgtucidbhtb bs dãs b`bgtfvj gjhtrc tjecs ics `jrdcs eb dfgrjjrachfsdjs. Ijs fhstrudbhtjs y ijs dctbrfcibs pcrc bstbrfifzcr bh uhc cutjgicvb abhbrcidbhtb sb aucrech bh bhvjitjrfjs eb dusbifhc gjdj pcqubtbs qufrürafgjs. Ic dusbifhc pcrc bstb `fh sb gjdprc eb dchbrc sudcdbhtb bgjh÷dfgc, bh rjiijs, y sb gjrtc ebi tcdcój ebsbcej. Ucdkfæh sb ic bdpibc bh bspbsjrbs ejkibs y gcec bhvjitjrfj qufrürafgj sb dcrgc eb dchbrc eb sbócicr su gjhtbhfej y `bgnc eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h. Bi pcpbi bstã rbbdpiczchej cpcrbhtbdbhtb cnjrc c ic dusbifhc pcrc bhvjivbr ijs pcqubtbs qufrürafgjs. Pcrfjs `ckrfgchtbs bstãh prjeugfbhej efstfhtjs tfpjs eb pcpbibs pcrc bhvjivbr. b hvjivbr. Bstjs tfbhbh prjpfbecebs eb dchfpuicgf÷h sbdblchtbs c ics eb ic tbic y prbsbhtch vcrfcs vbhtclcs sjkrb ic dusbifhc. Wjh dbhjs 37

 

 pjrjsjs qub cquæiic y pjr ij tchtj dbhjs susgbptfkibs eb sbr pbhbtrcejs pjr bi pjivj y ijs dfgrjjrachfsdjs. Wfh bdkcraj, sjh ij su`fgfbhtbdbhtb pjrjsjs gjdj pcrc pbrdftfr ic pbhbtrcgf÷h rbqubrfec ebi vcpjr kclj prbsf÷h. Cgtucidbhtb Cg tucidbhtb sb bstã `cvjrbgfbhej c ijs pcpbibs grbpæ= tfbhbh gfbrtj arcej eb bicstfgfece y pubebh sbr vubitjs c uscr vcrfcs vbgbs. Ic bstbrfifece kclj uh bhvjitjrfj eb pcpbi cebgucej pcrbgb sbr b`bgtfvc eurchtb pbrfjejs eb ; c 5 sbdchcs eb cidcgbhcdfbhtj. Bstj sb gjdpcrc `cvjrckibdbhtb gjh ijs bhvjitjrfjs qufrürafgjs bdkcicejs bh dusbifhc. Bi tfbdpj eb cutjgicvcej vc c vcrfcr efrbgtcdbhtb gjh bi tcdcój ebi pcqubtb qufrürafgj. Ijs eb tfpj dãs pbqubój. bdpibcejs pcrc gfruaäc kugci, rbqufbrbh abhbrcidbhtb 7? dfhutjs c 3;3¿G kclj 3,5? Ma eb prbsf÷h. _ubebh fhsbrtcrsb 

vcrfjs fhefgcejrbs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h bh uh bhvjitjrfj pcrc prjvbbr bvfebhgfcs eb qub sb nc b`bgtucej uhc cebgucec pbhbtrcgf÷h ebi vcpjr. Ijs auchtbs eb ajdc sjh dãs `rãafibs qub ics tbics y ic dcyjräc eb ijs fhstrudbhtjs sb bstbrfifzch eb dchbrc b`bgtfvc bh i2 dfhutjs, kclj 3.?2 Ma= eb prbsf÷h. c 3;3¿G. ] GFUCUFJH @ij63 Yi ;?2> T

Bstbrfifzcgf÷h gjh cauc nfrvfbhej Gjrrfbhtbdbhtb ijs bstbrfifzcejrbs eb cauc nfrvfbhej hj cigchzch uh hfvbi eb tbdpbrcturc qub supbrb ijs i??¿G. Ciauhjs eb ijs bspjrjs kcgtbrfchjs rbsfstbhtbs ci gcijr pubebh iibacr c sjkrbvfvfr c bstc tbdpbrcturc eurchtb pbräjejs prjijhacejs. _jr jtrc pcrtb, bi vcpjr pjr ebkclj eb 3.?2 c 3,5? Ma eb 

 prbsf÷h cigchzcrã uhc tbdpbrcturc eb 3;3¿G, y ic dcyjräc eb ics cutjrfecebs gjhgubrech bh qub hfhaüh jrachfsdj vfvfbhtb pubeb sjkrbvfvfr 3? c i2 dfhutjs eb bxpjsfgf÷h c efgnc scturcgf÷h eb vcpjr gjh tci tbdpbrcturc. Wf ebkb utfifzcrsb bstbrfifzcgf÷h pjr cauc nfrvfbhtb sb rbgjdfbhec qub sb bdpibbh dbefjs quädfgjs pcrc cudbhtcr bi puhtj eb bkuiifgf÷h ebi cauc y, pjr ij tchtj, su b`fgcgfc kcgtbrfgfec. Rhc sjiugf÷h ci ; % eb gcrkjhctj eb sjefj sbrvfrã pcrc bstb `fh. Sufhgb dfififtrjs eb gcrkjhctj eb sjefj pjr iftrj eb cauc ebstficec `jrdcrãh ic sjiugf÷h ci ; %. Bstc cauc ebstficec cigcifhfzcec rbeug rbeugbb bi tfbdpj eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h rbqubrfej y bi gjhtbhfej eb jxäabhj ebi cauc tcdkfæh, rbeugfbhej csä ic cggf÷h gjrrjsfvc sjkrb ijs fhstrudbhtjs.] GFUCUFJH @ij63 Yi ;?2> T

Bstbrfifzcgf÷h pjr gcijr sbgj Ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h bh bstu`cs sbgcs c tbdpbrcturcs bibvcecs eurchtb eu rchtb pbräjejs prjijhacejs sb bdpibc dugnj bh jejhtjijaäc y gfruaäc kugci. Bstc tæghfgc prjvbb uh dbefj cprjpfcej pcrc bstbrfifzcr fhstrudbhtjs, pjivjs, cgbftbs (vcsbifhcs), gbrc eb nubsj y jtrjs bibdbhtjs qub hj sb prbstch pcrc ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h pjr dbefj ebi cauc nfrvfbhej j bi vcpjr kclj prbsf÷h.Bi gcijr sbgj hj ctcgc bi vferfj y hj  prjvjgc jxfecgf÷h. Cebdãs, ics bstu`cs tfbhbh usjs cuxfifcrbs bh jejhtjijaäc tcibs gjdj ic gjggf÷h y bi gurcej eb p÷htfgjs eb piãstfgj y jtrcs cpifgcgfjhbs. Bi efsbój abhbrci eb ics bstu`cs pbrdftb uh rchaj 35

 

eb gcibhtcdfbhtj eb bhtrb i?? y ;??¿G. Wb bdpibc dugnj ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h hjgturhc supbrchej ics 0 njrcs c 3;i¿G.Ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h cebgucec eb pbqubócs gcracs sb ijarc c 31?¿G eurchtb uhc njrc. Ijs `ckrfgchtbs eb bstbrfifzcejrbs c gcijr sbgj prjvbbh fhstruggfjhbs ebtciicecs pcrc su usj b`bgtfvj. Ic  prfhgfpci ebsvbhtclc eb uhc bstbrfifzcgf÷h gjh gcijr sbgj bs bvfebhtbdbhtb, bi icraj pbräjej eb tfbdpj rbqubrfej pcrc ijarcr rbsuitcejs kcgtbrfgfecs.] GFUCUFJH Hch31 Yi ;?2> T

Bstbrfifzcgf÷h bh `räj  Hfhauhj eb ijs cabhtbs quädfgjs utfifzcejs pcrc ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h bh `räj gudpib sctfs`cgtjrfcdbhtb sctfs`cgtjrfcdbhtb gjh tjejs ijs rbqufsftjs eb uhc vbrecebrc bstbrfifzcgf÷h. Bi cigjnji bs gcrj= sb bvcpjrc `ãgfidbhtb y tcdkfæh jxfec ijs fhstrudbhtjs. Ic cdpifcdbhtb utfifzcec sjiugf÷h eb gijrurj eb kbhzcigjhfj 3 njrcs). Ijs cabhtbs quädfgjs pcrc ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h bh `räj dãs rbgfbhtbdbhtb fhtrjeugfejs bdpibch gjdpubstjs ebi nbxcgijrj`bhj gjdj kcsb cgtfvc. Bstcs sustchgfcs prbtbhebh prjvbbr uhc bstbrfifzcgf÷h cebgucec eb ijs fhstrudbhtjs tbrdjsbhsfkibs bh 7 njrcs. @uhecdbhtcidbhtb, ic dcyjräc eb ijs dbefjs pcrc ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h bh `räj qub pubebh utfifzcrsb gjh sbaurfece prjkckibdbhtb dctbh ics kcgtbrfcs vbabtctfvcs, pbrj bxfstbh euecs eb su b`bgtfvfece gjhtrc ijs bspjrjs y ijs njhajs. ] GFUCUFJH Hch31 Yi ;?2> T

Bstbrfifzcgf÷h pjr acs Ics ifdftcgfjhbs eb ics tæghfgcs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h gjh sjiugfjhbs quädfgcs nch nbgnj hbgbscrfj utfifzcr jtrjs dætjejs pcrc ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h ebi fhstrudbhtci sbhsfkib ci gcijr j ci c i cauc. Rhj eb bstjs dætjejs bdpibc uh acs bi ÷xfej eb btfibhj qub nc ebdjstrcej sbr kcgtbrfgfec guchej sb ij bdpibc eb cgubrej gjh gjhefgfjhbs cdkfbhtcibs gjhtrjicecs eb tbdpbrcturc y nudbece, csä gjdj uhc gjhgbhtrcgf÷h cebgucec eb acs, eurchtb uh pbräjej eb tfbdpj ecej eb bxpjsfgf÷h bstbrfifzchtb. Ijs bstbrfifzcejrbs eb ÷xfej eb btfibhj sb `ckrfgch cgtucidbhtb bh uhc efvbrsfece eb tcdcójs, ebseb bi pbqubój djebij eb dbsc pjrtãtfi (guyc gãdcrc dfeb cprjxfdcecdbhtb 1,2 gd eb efãdbtrj), ncstc bi arch cpcrctj qub sb bhgubhtrc bh ijs njspftcibs. Ics gãdcrcs dãs pbqubócs usch acs prjvfstj pjr gcrtugnjs dbtãifgjs cebgucejs. Ijs bstbrfifzcejrbs archebs bstãh gjhbgtcejs c tchqubs dcyjrbs. Bi gjstj rbictfvcdbhtb citj eb ijs bstbrfifzcejrbs eb ÷xfej eb btfibhj `rbgubhtbdbhtb bs bi rbsuitcej eb qub sb ijs bdpibc s÷ij uhc j ejs vbgbs pjr eäc, dãs c dbhuej pcrc bstbrfifzcgf÷h hjgturhc eb uhc sjic gcrac. Bs hbgbscrfj uh cpcrctj nbrdætfgcdbhtb sbiicej pcrc csbaurcr bgjh÷dfgcdbhtb ic rbtbhgf÷h ebi gjstjsj acs bh su gjhgbhtrcgf÷h dãs b`bgtfvc eurchtb uh pbräjej eb tfbdpj prjijhacej, qub jsgfic bhtrb ; y 3; njrcs. Ecej qub bi ÷xfej eb btfibhj bs citcdbhtb ef`usfkib, rbqufbrb uh cpcrctj gjhtbhbejr eb prbgfsjs ebtciibs 32

 

eb `ckrfgcgf÷h kclj gjhefgfjhbs ãrfecs, sb sckb qub ijs dfgrjjrachfsdjs ebsbgcejs rbsfstbh c ic b`bgtfvfece kcgtbrfgfec ebi ÷xfej eb btfibhj. _jr ij tchtj, ic nudbece rbictfvc ebhtrj eb ic gãdcrc bstbrfifzcejrc ebkb gjhtrjicrsb ebhtrj eb uh rchaj ÷ptfdj eb 5? c 2? %. Ucdkfæh ic b`fgfbhgfc ebi bstbrfifzcejr eb acs Wb vb rbeugfec efrbgtcdbhtb pjr ic tbdpbrcturc, guchej æstc gcb pjr ebkclj eb ijs ;;¿G. Bh abhbrci, ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h acsbjsc, gjdj sb ic bdpibc cgtucidbhtb bh tæghfgcs eb ÷xfej eb btfibhj, iibhc uh vcgäj bh ics tæghfgcs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h cgtucidbhtb efspjhfkibs, pbrj sus ebsvbhtclcs cpuhtch c ic urabhtb hbgbsfece eb ijarcr dætjejs dbljrbs y dbhjs gjstjsjs.] GFUCUFJH Hch31 Yi ;?2> T Uckic 3< _rfhgfpcibs gcrcgtbrästfgcs eb ijs dætjejs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h pjr cutjgicvcej y pjupfhbii 

Bstbrfifzcgf÷h pjr rcefcgfjhbs Gjh bstb `fh pubebh utfifzcrsb tchtj ics rcefcgfjhbs uitrcvfjibtcs (RP) gjdj ics fjhfzchtbs y rcyjs fh`rcrrjljs. Gjdj bi bstuefchtb rbgjrecrã, gjh rbspbgtj c ic hcturcibzc eb ic iuz sb cgbptc uhc gjdkfhcgf÷h bhtrb ic tbjräc guãhtfgc y ic bibgtrjdcahætfgc. Bs ebgfr, qub bxfstb uhc pcrtäguic fhefvfsfkib (ebhjdfhcec guchtj) gjhstftufec pjr uh `jt÷h qub sb ebspiczc c trcvæs ebi bspcgfj ebsgrfkfbhej uhc trcybgtjrfc jheuictjrfc. Ic bhbraäc eb uh `jt÷h bs fhvbrscdbhtb prjpjrgfjhci c ic ijhaftue eb jhec eb ic rcefcgf÷h, sckfbhej qub ijhaftue eb jhec bs ic efstchgfc qub bxfstb bhtrb ejs puhtjs gjrrbspjhefbhtbs eb ic trcybgtjrfc jheuichtb. _crtb eb bstc bhbraäc bs cksjrkfec pjr ijs sfstbdcs kfji÷afgjs guchej bstjs sjh bxpubstjs c ics rcefcgfjhbs. Ic `rcggf÷h eb bhbraäc cksjrkfec bs efrbgtcdbhtb prjpj prjpjrgfjhci rgfjhci c ic fhtbhsfece eb ic rcefcgf÷h, ci tfbdpj eb bxpjsfgf÷h c ic dfsdc y c uh gjb`fgfbhtb eb cksjrgf÷h qub bs gcrcgtbrästfgj eb gcec dctbrfci. Pbrbdjs quæ sugbeb c hfvbi djibguicr guchej ics rcefcgfjhbs fhtbrcgtüch gjh ic dctbrfc. Guchej ic rcefcgf÷h fhgfebhtb tfbhb bhbraäc su`fgfbhtb pubeb bibvcr bi hfvbi bhbraætfgj eb ijs bibgtrjhbs, ncstc bi puhtj eb crrchgcrijs eb su jrkftci (prjeugfæhejsb fjhfzcgfjhbs). Wf 30

 

ic bhbraäc bs dbhjr, ijs bibgtrjhbs cudbhtch su hfvbi eb bhbraäc, pbrj s÷ij tbdpjrcidbhtb, vjivfbhej c su bstcej fhfgfci iubaj eb uh pbräjej eb tfbdpj. Bstb bstcej bibvcej eb bhbraäc sb ebhjdfhc bstcej bxgftcej. Ic djiæguic bxgftcec pjerã trchs`brfr bsb bxgbsj eb bhbraäc c jtrcs, bh `jrdc eb bhbraäc vfkrctjrfc (prjeugfæhejsb gcijr)= j efsfpcric bh `jrdc eb rcefcgf÷h bibgtrjdcahætfgc. Ebkfej c ic rbictfvcdbhtb kclc gchtfece eb bhbraäc qub sjh gcpcgbs eb trchsdftfr ijs rcyjs RP, s÷ij c`bgtch c ijs bibgtrjhbs eb ijs ãtjdjs pbrf`ærfgjs eb ics djiæguics, prjeugfæhejsb sjij bstcejs eb bxgftcgf÷h. Ics rcefcgfjhbs fjhfzchtbs sjh ics qub pubebh bxtrcbr bibgtrjhbs eb sus jrkftcibs. Ijs rcyjs fh`rcrrjljs s÷ij  pubebh prjvjgcr bhbraäc vfkrctjrfc, pjr ij qub s÷ij abhbrch gcijr. Nckicrbdjs c gjhtfhucgf÷h sjicdbhtb eb ics rcefcgfjhbs RP yc qub sjh ics dãs utfifzcecs bh hubstrjs ickjrctjrfjs. Hj jkstchtb, bi bi bstuefchtb ebkb sckbr qub ics rcefcgfjhbs fjhfzchtbs sjh gcec vbz dãs utfifzcecs bh ijs ickjrctjrfjs gjdj tæghfgcs eb bstbrfifzcgf÷h eb rutfhc, yc qub ijs cebichtjs tbghji÷afgjs nch sfdpif`fgcej bstjs bqufpjs y su dchfpuicgf÷h. Wb utfifzch pcrc ic bstbrfifzcgf÷h eb dctbrfcibs ebsgcrtckibs gjdj lbrfhacs, caulcs, dctbrfcibs pcrc väcs, btg. ] GFUCUFJH Hch31 Yi ;?2> T

[cefcgfjhbs RP Dbgchfsdj eb cggf÷h< bi prfhgfpci dbgchfsdj ebi b`bgtj ibtci eb ic iuz RP sjkrb ics kcgtbrfcs, sb ctrfkuyb c su cksjrgf÷h pjr bi CEH y bi rbsuitchtb ecój eb bstb. Csä prjvjgch ic `jrdcgf÷h eb uh uhfjhbs fjhbs gjvcibhtbs bhtrb ijs rbsfeujs eb pfrfdfefhc ceycgbhtbs pbrtbhbgfbhtbs p brtbhbgfbhtbs c ic dfsdc gcebhc, ij qub qu b  prjvjgc ic `jrdcgf÷h eb eädbrjs eb pfrfdfefhc eb tfpj gfgijkutchj. Bstj prjeugb efstjrsfjhbs bh ic `jrdc ebi EHC b fhtbr`fbrb bh bi cpcrbcdfbhtj hjrdci eb ics kcsbs. Bi rbsuitcej `fhci bs ic fhnfkfgf÷h eb ic sähtbsfs eb CEH y sbguhecrfj c bstj, fhnfkfgf÷h ebi grbgfdfbhtj y ic rbspfrcgf÷h. C_IFGCGFJHBW< bstcs rcefcgfjhbs pubebh prjeugfrsb crtf`fgfcidbhtb gjh iãdpcrcs eb vcpjr eb eb dbrgurfj. Wjh faucidbhtb b`bgtfvcs pcrc Arcd (+) y Arcd (-). Wu prfhgfpci usj bs pcrc bstbrfifzcr bi cfrb y supbr`fgfbs, yc qub hj pbhbtrch bh s÷ifejs y ij ncgbh pjkrbdbhtb bh iäqufejs.] GFUCUFJH Hch31 Yi ;?2> T

[B@B[BHGFCW

(JDW), J. D. (;?36). Rhc ctbhgf÷h dãs ifdpfc bs uhc ctbhgf÷h dãs sbaurc. JDW , 3. @crdcgbutfgc, _. (;?36). Bstbrfifzcgf÷h, Dætjejs, Dbefjs y _rjgbefdfbhtjs. _fWC _rjgbefdfbhtjs.  _fWC @crdcgæutfgc, @crdcgæutfgc, 3?. @ijrbs, @. N. (3663). Dchuci (3663). Dchuci eb fhtrudbhtcgfjh qufrurafgc. Fhtbrcdbrfgchc qufrurafgc. Fhtbrcdbrfgchc DcgArcw Nfii. 31

 

FDWW-Gjpicdcr. (s.`.). Gbhtrci eb Bqufpjs y Bstbrfifzcgfjh= Gjibggfjh eb Dchucibs FDWW-Gjpicdcr  pcrc Gifhfgcs y Njspftcibs eb Gcdpj= Wbrfb Bh`brdbrfc.  Bh`brdbrfc.  [., H. D. (;?31). _[JGBWJ (;?31). _[JGBWJ EB BWUB[FIF\CGFJH. Bstcejs BWUB[FIF\CGFJH. Bstcejs Rhfejs< 7D Nbcitn Gcrb Cgcebdy.

Djrbhj, G., Urjhgjsj, D., Gjrfc Eb Ic, _., Ibebrdchh, Q., Ebi Pciib, D., Huóbz, G., ... & @brhãhebz, C. (;?3?). [bpjrtb eb guctrj gcsjs giähfgjs eb kcgtbrfbdfc pjr Nc`hfc civbf bh uhc uhfece gcrefjqufrürafgc pbefãtrfgc. [bvfstc gnfibhc eb fh`bgtjijaäc, ;1(3), 5?-55. Ujrrbs Brczj, E., Ejdähaubz Dæhebz, L., Kubh`fi Pbrc, I., & Gjrrcibs Fhtbrfãh, I. (;?36). Gcrcgtbrästfgcs giähfgcs y dfgrjkfji÷afgcs eb pcgfbhtbs gjh fh`bggfjhbs csjgfcecs c ijs gufecejs eb ic sciue bh uh njspftci eb citc bspbgfcifece eb Vugctãh. Bh`brdbecebs Fh`bggfjscs y Dfgrjkfjijaäc, 7>(;), 55-56.

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