Propuesta de Un Sistema de Automatizacion para La Reduccion de Perdidas en La Produccion de La Maquina Extrusora Laminado 1

 

XLAPHUSAIDI DXYÓLOFD „MDEUAHN UHLÁ FOUHLO‖  @DCXNYDI IH CAHLCADS HWDCYDS Q YHCLONOMÆD CDUUHUD2 ALMHLAHUÆD HNHCYUOFHCÄLACD 

ZUOZXHSYD IH XL SASYHFD IH DXYOFDYARDCAOL ZDUD ND UHIXCCAOL IH ZHUIAIDS HL ND ZUOIXCCAOL IH ND FDTXALD HWYUXSOUD NDFALDIOUD IH ZNDSYACOS IH ND HFZUHSD HF ZUHSD YHUFO@AN S.U.N.‖  „

HNDEOUDIO ZOU2 LHNSOL UOEQ QEHULHMDUDQ FOLYDNPDL YUDEDBO @ALDN IH MUDIO ZUHSHLYDIO D ND CDUUHUD IH ALMHLAHUÆD HNHCYUOFHCÄLACD IH ND XLAPHUSAIDI DXYÓLOFD MDEUAHN UHLH FOUHLO, ZDUD OZYDU DN YÆYXNO IH ALMHLAHUO HNHCYUOFHCÄLACO

SDLYD CUXR – EONAPAD  DMOSYO 5:47

 

 

IHIACDYOUAD Hsth trdedbo vd ihiacdio d toid fa `dfanad, fa hbhfpno ih phrshvhrdlcad, suphrdcaól phrsoldn y dcdiáfacd, fa `uhlth ih fotavdcaól h alspardcaól. 

 

 

DMUDIHCAFAHLYOS  D fas pdirhs por toio hn dfor, alcdlsdenh sdcra`acao, colstdlth fotavdcaól y hn dpoyo alcoliacaoldn quh gh rhcaeaio ih hnnos hl toio fofhlto pdrd poihr dncdlzdr hstd fhtd, sal hnnos lo poiræd gdehrno nomrdio.  D fas iochlths ih nd cdrrhrd ih Almhlahræd Hnhctrofhcälacd quh gdl cofpdrtaio colfamo sus colocafahltos, y tdfeaál por nd pdcahlcad iurdlth nos dôos ih hstuiaos ulavhrsatdrao.  D toids nds phrsolds phrs olds quh ih d dnmuld nmuld fdlhrd fh gdl condeordio hl nd rhdnazdcaól ih hsth proyhcto.  D nos cofpdôhros y dfamos quh eralidrol su dpoyo y fotavdcaól pdrd quh hn ihsdrronno ih hsth trdedbo `uhsh posaenh. @aldnfhlth, dmrdihzco d toids nds phrsolds quh ih dnmuld `orfd fh gdl dpoydio y muadio iurdlth nd vaid pdrd rhdnazdrfh cofo phrsold y cofo pro`hsaoldn. 

 

 

XLAPHUSAIDI DXYÓLOFD MDEUAHN UHLH FOUHLO @DCXNYDI IH CAHLCADS HWDCYDS Q YHCLONOMÆD ALMHLAHUÆD HNHCYUOFHCÄLACD HNHCYUOFHCÄLACD UHSXFHL DESYUDCY

 DXYOU2

LHNSOL UOEQ QEHULHMDUDQ FOLYDNPDL

XLAIDI ZDYUOCALDLYH2

Xlavhrsaidi Dutólofd Mderahn Uhlá Forhlo

ZDNDEUDS CNDPH2

„Sasthfd Dutofdtazdio‖ „ZNC‖  „Dutofdtazdcaól‖ „SCDID‖ „GFA‖  „Shlsorhs‖  „Hxtrusaól ih pnästacos‖

YAYXNO2

„ZUOZXHSYD

IH

XL

SASYHFD

IH

 DXYOFDYARDCAÓL ZDUD ND UHIXCCAÓL IH ZÁUIAIDS HL ND ZUOIXCCAÓL IH ND FÄTXALD HWYUXSOUD NDFALDIOUD IH ZNÄSYACOS IH ND HFZUHSD YHUFO@AN S.U.N.‖ 

IHSCUAZCAOL2

Hn hstuiao pndlthd hn iashôo ih ul sasthfd dutofätaco ih coltron pdrd hn prochso ih nd fäquald ih hxtrusaól y ndfaldio ih pnästaco ih nd hfprhsd YHUFO@AN S.U.N.

UHSXFHL2

Hn prhshlth trdedbo fuhstrd nd lhchsaidi quh tahlh nd hfprhsd YHUFO@AN S.U.N. ih dctudnazdr su fäquald ndfaldiord y hxtrusord ih pnästaco fhiadlth nd afpnhfhltdcaól ih ul sasthfd dutofätaco pdrd poihr rhiucar páriaids, pralcapdnfhlth ih fdthradn y tahfpo, hstdlidrazdlio hn proiucto `aldn d `al ih fhbordr nd proiuccaól totdn ih nd hfprhsd.

 

 

ÆLIACH CDZÆYXNO 4 – ALYUOIXCCAÓL ...................................................................................4 4.4 Altroiuccaól ........................................................................................... .......................................................................................................4 ............4 4.5 4.3

Dlthchihlths .......................................................................................... ....................................................................................................5 ..........5 Zndlthdfahlto ihn proenhfd ..............................................................................3

4.9 4.9.4

Busta`acdcaolhs táclacd y hcolófacd ..................................................................3 Busta`acdcaól táclacd ...........................................................................................9

4.9.5

Busta`acdcaól hcolófacd .....................................................................................9

4.8

Oebhtavos ............................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................8 ............8

4.8.4 4.8.5 4.0

Oebhtavo Mhlhrdn ...............................................................................................8 Oebhtavos Hsphcæ`acos ........................................................................................8 Ihnafatdcaól Ihn Yrdedbo.......................................................... Yrdedbo....................................................................................8 ..........................8

4.0.4 4.0.5

Ihnafatdcaól Yhfpordn .......................................................................................8 Ihnafatdcaól Ihn Colthlaio ...............................................................................0

4.0.3 4.=

Ihnafatdcaól Hspdcadn o Mhomrä`acd ...................................................................0 Fhtoionomæd Ihn Yrdedbo ...................................................................................=

4.=.4 4.=.5

Crolomrdfd Ih Hndeordcaól Ih Zroyhcto .........................................................= Fhtoionomæd D Xtanazdr .......................................................................................7

4.7 4.7.4

@uhlths Ih Al`orfdcaól ....................................................................................1 @uhlths Zrafdrads .............................................................................................1

4.7.5

@uhlths Shculidrads .........................................................................................1 .........................................................................................1  

CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO Y YHÓUACO HÓUACO ................................................................................4: 5.4 Nd Aliustrad Fdlu`dcturhrd Hl Eonavad .............................................................4: 5.5 5.3

Crhcafahlto Ihn Colsufo Ih Zroiuctos Znästacos Hl Eonavad .........................43 Yhrfo`an S.U.N. ................................................................................................48 ...................................................................................... ..........48

5.9 5.9.4

Hxtrusaól ............................................................................................... .........................................................................................................40 ..........40 Altroiuccaól ........................................................................................... .....................................................................................................40 ..........40

5.9.5 Cofpolhlths ih nd hxtrusord ..........................................................................41 5.9.5.4 Hn torlanno ih hxtrusaól .....................................................................................41 5.9.5.5 Canaliro ............................................................................................................5: ................................................................................ ............................5:

 

 

5.9.5.3

Mdrmdltd ih dnafhltdcaól............................................................................54

5.9.5.9 5.9.5.8

Yonvd ................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................55 ...........55 Zndto rofphior y `antros ................................................................................55

5.9.5.0

Cdehzdn y Eoquannd .......................................................................................53

5.9.3 5.9.9 5.9.8 5.9.8.4

Hsphca`acdcaolhs Ih Nd Fäquald .................................................................58 Nælhd Ih Hxtrusaól .....................................................................................5= Nælhds Ih Zhnæcunds Q Näfalds ...................................................................57 Zrochso col pand ih roiannos .........................................................................57

5.9.0 5.9.0.4 5.9.0.5 5.8

Fotorhs .......................................................................................................3: ............................................................................................. ..........3: Fotor Corrahlth Coltalud ............................................................................3: Fotor Corrahlth Dnthrld ...............................................................................35 Nd Dutofdtazdcaól Aliustradn ........................................................................33

5.8.4

Sasthfd SCDID ..........................................................................................39

5.8.4.4 5.8.5 5.8.3

Phltdbds Sasthfd SCDID ...........................................................................38 Coltrondior Nómaco Zromrdfdenh .................................................................3= Shlsorhs y Yrdlsiuctorhs. ..........................................................................31

5.8.3.4 Yhrfalonomæds ih `ulcaoldfahlto ................................................................9: 5.8.3.5 Cndsa`acdcaól ih shlsorhs ............................................................................95 5.8.3.5.4 Cndsa`acdcaól ih nos shlsorhs shm shmòl òl nd hlhrmæd ...........................................95 5.8.3.5.5 5.8.3.5.3

Cndsa`acdcaól shmòl hn pralcapao ih `ulcaoldfahlto ......................................95 Cndsa`acdcaól ih nos shlsorhs shmòl nd fdmlatui d f fhiar hiar ............................95

5.8.3.3

Shlsorhs ih proxafaidi ..............................................................................99

5.8.3.3.4 5.8.3.3.5 5.8.3.3.3

Shlsorhs ih proxafaidi aliuctavos .............................................................99 Shlsorhs ih proxafaidi cdpdcatavos.................................. cdpdcatavos............................................................98 ..........................98 Shlsorhs ih proxafaidi untrdsólacos ..........................................................90

5.8.3.9 5.8.3.9.4

Dpnacdcaolhs ih nos shlsorhs ih proxafaidi ...............................................9= Dpnacdcaolhs ih nos shlsorhs ih proxafaidi aliuctavos y cdpdcatavos ........9=

5.8.3.9.5 Dpnacdcaolhs col shlsorhs Xntrdsólacos ......................................................97 5.8.3.8 Fhiacaól ih thfphrdturd .............................................................................91 5.8.3.8.4 Yapos ih fhiacaól ih thfphrdturd ..............................................................91 5.8.3.8.4.4 Yhrfófhtros ih rhsasthlcad r hsasthlcad (UYI) ..............................................................91

 

 

5.8.3.8.4.5 Yhrfastor ........................................................................................... .....................................................................................................85 ..........85 5.8.3.8.4.3 Yhrfocupnd .................................................................................................89 5.8.9 Pdradior Ih @rhcuhlcad ...............................................................................80 5.8.9.4

Colchptos y ih`alacaolhs eäsacds ................................................................80

5.8.9.5

Colchptos eäsacos soerh vdradiorhs pdrd fotorhs tra`äsacos ......................87 ......................87  

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL ..........................................07 3.4 Dctudn `ulcaoldfahlto ih nd hxtrusord .........................................................07 3.4.4 Zrochso ih hxtrusaól ...................................................................................01 3.4.4.4 3.4.4.5

Yonvd ................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................=: ...........=: Fäquald hxtrusord .......................................................................................=4

3.4.4.3 3.4.4.9

Coltron ih thfphrdturd ................................................................................=4 Zand ih roiannos o cdndlirad ...........................................................................=3

3.4.4.8 3.5

Coltdior......................................................................................................=0 Ialäfacd dctudn ih proiuccaól ....................................................................=0

3.5.4 3.5.4.4

Alcolvhlahlths rhmundrhs ihn dctudn `ulcaoldfahlto ....................................== Záriaids ih tahfpo ......................................................................................==

3.5.5.5 Záriaids ih fdthradn ....................................................................................== 3.5.3.3 @dnnds gufdlds (Yáclaco ophrdrao)..............................................................=7 ophrdrao).................................................... ..........=7   IHSCUAZCAÓL MHLHUDN IHN SASYHFD ...................................................................=1 3.3 Zropuhstd ihn sasthfd dutofdtazdio ...........................................................7: 3.3.4 Ialäfacd ihn sasthfd propuhsto ..................................................................7: 3.3.4.4 3.3.4.5

Yonvd ................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................7: ...........7: Fdquald hxtrusord .......................................................................................7:

3.3.4.3 3.3.4.3.4

Coltron ih thfphrdturd ................................................................................74 Uhsasthlcads ...................................................................................... ................................................................................................74 ..........74

3.3.4.3.5 3.3.4.9

Phltandiorhs ...................................................................................... ................................................................................................74 ..........74 Fotor pralcapdn (gusanno)................................................................................75

3.3.4.8 3.3.4.0 3.3.5

Zand ih roiannos o Cdndlirad ..........................................................................75 Coltdior......................................................................................................73 Cofpolhlths y foia`acdcaolhs lhchsdraos pdrd afpnhfhltdr hn sasthfd ....73

 

 

3.3.5.4

Nd tonvd..........................................................................................................73 ................................................................................................ ..........73

3.3.5.5 3.3.5.3

Fäquald hxtrusord .........................................................................................78 Fotor pralcapdn ihn torlanno ..............................................................................70

3.3.5.9

Zand ih roiannos o cdndlirad .............................................................................7=

3.3.5.8 3.3.5.0 3.9 3.9.4

Coltrondior Nómaco Zromrdfdenh (ZNC) .........................................................77 Zdltdnnd GFA .......................................................................................... ..................................................................................................71 ........71 Dutofdtazdcaól ..............................................................................................1: .................................................................................... ..........1: Coliacaolhs y Zrochiafahltos.......................................................................1: Zrochiafahltos............................................................. ..........1:

3.9.4.4 3.9.4.5

Foio Dutofätaco2..........................................................................................1: Fdlthlafahlto ..................................................................................... ...............................................................................................15 ..........15

3.9.4.3 3.9.5

Foio Fdludn....................................................................................... .................................................................................................13 ..........13 Zromrdfdcaól nómacd ihn coltrondior ZNC ......................................................19

3.9.3

Dlänasas hcolófaco ........................................................................................18

COLCNXSAOLHS .........................................................................................................10 UHCOFHLIDCAOLHS ....................................................................................... .................................................................................................1= ..........1= EAENAOMUD@ÆD ................................................................................. .............................................................................................................17 ............................17  DLHWOS ............................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................11 ........................11

 

 

CDZAYXNO A - ALYUOIXCCAÓL

CDZÆYXNO 4 ALYUOIXCCAÓL

4.4 Altroiuccaól Hn pnästaco hs uld fdthrad prafd ih utanazdcaól mhlhrdn, sh nd puhih hlcoltrdr hl iavhrsds dpnacdcaolhs iheaio d su vhrsdtanaidi, `dcanaidi ih `deracdcaól y dihfäs ih su rhndtavo edbo costo ih proiuccaól. Hn uso mhláraco ihn pnästaco sh iheh pralcapdnfhlth d quh hsth fdthradn puhih rhhfpndzdr d fucgos otros cofo shr nd fdihrd, hn cdrtól, pdphn, cducgo, chräfacd, htc. Hn prochso ih hxtrusaól hs ulo ih nos fäs utanazdios hl nd proiuccaól y trdls`orfdcaól ihn pnästaco, nos proiuctos quh puhihl shr fdlu`dcturdios edbo hsth prochso sh hlcuhltrd por hbhfpno2 tuehræds, fdlmuhrds, `aerds, phnæcunds y ul lòfhro anafatdio ih proiuctos. Hn prhshlth proyhcto sh hl`ocd hl nd optafazdcaól ihn trdedbo quh rhdnazdl hstds fäqualds hxtrusords ih näfalds ponapropanhlo ih nd hfprhsd YHUFO@AN S.U.N quh proiuchl nds eoealds quh sh trdls`orfdl hl hlvdshs pnästacos ih colsufo fdsavo.  Dctudnfhlth nds hxtrusords sol o ophrdids phrdids ih `orfd fdludn, fotavo por hn cudn sh vvh h nd lhchsaidi ih hltrdr hl hn ärhd ih nd dutofdtazdcaól, yd quh lo sh tahlh ul coltron ramuroso, hs por hso quh hsth proyhcto tahlh cofo prhfasd rhiucar nds páriaids.

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CDZAYXNO A - ALYUOIXCCAÓL

4.5 Dlthchihlths Nd hfprhsd YHUFO@AN SUN. Sh ihiacd d nd hxtrusaól, shnndio y `nhxomrd`ad ih fdlmds ih ponahtanhlo ih dntd y edbd ihlsaidi y, dihfäs hn ponapropanhlo. Zdrd nnhvdr d cdeo nd proiuccaól ih hstos proiuctos pnästacos cuhltd h col 3 hxtrusords ih eonsds ih dntd y edbd ihlsaidi, 9 shnndiords ih eonsds, 8 fäqualds thrfo `orfdiord, 5 fäqualds ih afprhsaolhs `nhxomrd`acds y 5 fäqualds hxtrusords ih ponapropanhlo trdlspdrhlths pdrd vdsos pnästacos, nds cudnhs toids sol ophrdids ih `orfd fdludn. Ihsih nos alacaos ih YHUFO@AN SUN gdstd hn iæd ih goy, toid nd proiuccaól sh gd rhdnazdio ih `orfd fdludn, hs ihcar quh tdlto nd h`acahlcad y nos æliachs ih proiuccaól p roiuccaól ih nd hfprhsd ihphlih ih nd gdeanaidi y hxphrahlcad ih nos ophrdraos y hn phrsoldn ih pndltd. Nds fdqualds hxtrusords, sol hs hn hsndeól fäs afportdlth ih hstd nælhd ih proiuccaól, iacgds fdqualds trdedbdl nds ios dn fasfo tahfpo phro cofo sol fäqualds ophrdids ih `orfd fdludn hstäl subhtds dn hrror gufdlo y lo hxasth ul dihcudio coltron ih nos `dctorhs fäs afportdlths cofo2 fdthrad prafd, hstdios crætacos ih thfphrdturd y prhsaól, hsto id numdr d `dnnds ih ophrdcaól, por no tdlto tdfeaál ih proiuccaól.

5

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CDZAYXNO A - ALYUOIXCCAÓL

4.3 Zndlthdfahlto ihn proenhfd Nuhmo ih rhdnazdr ul dlänasas táclaco hl pn pndltd, dltd, sh gd oeshrvdio quh nd proiuccaól mhlhrdn ih nd hfprhsd sh edsd hl nds ios ndfaldiords ih pnästacos quh sol coltrondids ih `orfd fdludn por hn ophrdrao. D lo shr ophrdio ih `orfd dutofätacd sh vh cofprofhtaid dn hrror gufdlo   Zhriaid ih fdthrad prafd



  Nd dnafhltdcaól ih nd tonvd



  Zdrdids allhchsdrads ih nd fdquald



  Nd puhstd hl fdrcgd ih nos fotorhs



  Nd rhmundcaól ih nds vhnocaidihs





  Nos lavhnhs ih thfphrdturds   Hlchliaio ih cofprhsor y vhltandiorhs ih darh



Alcurrar hl hsth tapo ih `dnnds los nnhvdl d gdchr nd samuahlth prhmultd. ¿Hs posaenh iashôdr ul sasthfd ih dutofdtazdcaól pdrd hn coltron ihn prochso ih hxtrusaól ih näfalds ih pnästacos quh rhiuzcdl nds páriaids ih proiuccaól ih YHUFO@AN SUN.?

4.9 Busta`acdcaolhs táclacd y hcolófacd Hsth proyhcto deorid uld thfätacd ih dgorro hcolófaco tofdio ihsih hn pulto ih vastd hl fhbords táclacds, col nds cudnhs dn optafazdr hn prochso prochs o sal foia`acdr hn `ulcaoldfahlto ih nds fäqualds sh oetahlh ul rhliafahlto hcolófaco fdyor.

3

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CDZAYXNO A - ALYUOIXCCAÓL

4.9.4 Busta`acdcaól táclacd  Dctudnfhlth lo sh cuhltd col ul sasthfd sast hfd quh dutofdtach nd ophrdcaól ih nd hxtrusord hxtrusor d por no quh dn rhdnazdr hn dlänasas táclaco sh vh lhchsdrao nd afpnhfhltdcaól ih ZNC y SCDID quh sh hlcdrmuh ih coltrondr hn prochso. Hn prochso quh sh rhdnazd dctudnfhlth lo hs coltaluo, sh pahrih fucgo tahfpo dn pdrdr hn fotor pralcapdn, ihsfoltdr y prhpdrdr nds eoealds y idr rhdrfh rhdr fh d nd fdquald hxtrusord, hs ihcar quh col hn sasthfd sh puhih puhi h fhbordr y hnhvdr nd h`acahlcad ihn prochso.  Dn dpnacdr hn sasthfd ih dutofdtazdcaól d utofdtazdcaól sh hstafd alcrhfhltdr nos æliachs ih proiuccaól hl ul 9:% dprovhcgdlio dn fäxafo hn tahfpo ih trdedbo ih nd fäquald. Xld ih nds cudnaidihs fäs ihstdcdenh ih hstd propuhstd ih dutofdtazdcaól hs hn dprovhcgdfahlto y uso óptafo ih nd fdthrad prafd, nd cudn sh trdiuch hl nd rhiuccaól ih páriaids ih nd fasfd.

4.9.5 Busta`acdcaól hcolófacd Cofprofhthrsh d afpnhfhltdr hn hn sasthfd ih dutofd dutofdtazdcaól tazdcaól col ZNC y SCDID trdhrä colsamo thlhr ul f fhbor hbor coltron ihn prochso, por no tdlto nd fdquald trdedbdrd col fdyor h`acahlcad, hl colshcuhlcad, hsto sh vhrä rh`nhbdio hl hn dufhlto ih nd proiuccaól. Sa nomrdfos quh nd ophrdcaól ih nd f fdquald dquald shd fäs coltaluo h hl l su trdedbo, sh poirä hvatdr tahfpos f fuhrtos uhrtos y sh dprovhcgdrd cdsa hl su totdnaidi nd fdth fdthrad rad prafd quh sh tahlh pdrd hndeordr nds eoealds, mhlhrdlio fdyorhs porchltdbhs ih proiuccaól. Otrd ih nds fhtds pralcapdnhs hs nd rhiuccaól rh iuccaól ih páriaids, nd cudn hsth sasthfd nnhmdræd d oethlhr ul fhbor ihshfphôo tdlto `æsaco cofo hcolófaco hcoló faco ihltro ih nd hfprhsd.

9

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CDZAYXNO A - ALYUOIXCCAÓL

Hl nælhds mhlhrdnhs, sa gdendfos ih alcrhfhltos ih proiuccaól, quahrh ihcar quh gderä fdyorhs ehlh`acaos hcolófacos, por otrd pdrth, sa gdendfos ih rhiuccaolhs ih páriaids hstä ih fäs ihcar quh nd hfprhsd hstdræd mdstdlio costos samla`acdtavos por fdthrad prafd idôdid.

4.8 Oebhtavos 4.8.4 Oebhtavo Mhlhrdn Zropolhr ul sasthfd ih dutofdtazdcaól pdrd nd rhiuccaól ih páriaids hl nd proiuccaól ih nd fdquald hxtrusord ndfaldiord ih pnästacos ih nd hfprhsd YHUFO@AN S.U.N.

4.8.5 Oebhtavos Hsphcæ`acos   Aihlta`acdr nos pdräfhtros quh coltrondl hn prochso ih nnd df fdquald dquald hxtrusord, tdlto



nds quh dyuidl d nd proiuccaól cofo nds quh mhlhrdl páriaids.   Iashôdr y shnhccaoldr nos cofpolhlths pdrd coltrondr hn sasthfd.



  Uhdnazdr nd promrdfdcaól ihn ZNC.



  Uhdnazdr ul sasthfd SCDID



  Phra`acdr f fhiadlth hiadlth safun safundcaól dcaól ih ZNC y SCDID nnd d shcuhlcad ihn promrdfd pdrd



quh cufpnd d cdednaidi col hn iashôo propuhsto.

4.0 Ihnafatdcaól Ihn Yrdedbo 4.0.4 Ihnafatdcaól Yhfpordn Hn prochso ih hndeordcaól ih hsth proyhcto shrä ih dproxafdidfhlth 9 fhshs, y su vamhlcad ihn fasfo shrä vänaid dproxafdidfhlth hltrh = d 4: dôos, o gdstd quh `aldnach hn phraoio ih vaid òtan ih nd fdquald hxtrusord, hxtr usord, por no tdlto gderä quh tofdr nos rhcduios

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CDZAYXNO A - ALYUOIXCCAÓL

pdrd hn coltron aliavaiudn ih nos hquapos yd quh nds ios fäqualds tahlhl hidihs ih ophrdcaól iastaltds.

4.0.5 Ihnafatdcaól Ihn Colthlaio Hn colthlaio shrä hl`ocdio hsphcæ`acdfhlth sono pdrd nds ios fäqualds hxtrusords ndfaldiord ih pnästacos y su dutofdtazdcaól ih nd fasfd ih nd hfprhsd YHUFO@AN SUN.

4.0.3 Ihnafatdcaól Hspdcadn o Mhomrä`acd Shrä hxcnusavdfhlth pdrd nd hfprhsd YHUFO@AN SUN. Satudid hl hn Zdrquh Aliustradn Fdlzdlo :9 Noth l.- 47 ihn ihpdrtdfhlto ih Sdltd Cruz ih nd Sahrrd.

Afd Af dm hl 4. Xe Xeacd acdcaól caól m hom rä`acd rä`acd ih YH U FO@AN S U N

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CDZAYXNO A - ALYUOIXCCAÓL

4.= Fhtoionomæd Ihn Yrdedbo 4.=.4 Crolomrdfd Ih Hndeordcaól Ih Zroyhcto Hl hn samuahlth cudiro sh ihscraeh hn ihsdrronno y nd iurdcaól ihn crolomrdfd ih hndeordcaól ih proyhcto.

CUOLOM CUO LOMUD UDFD FD IH HND HNDEOU EOUDC DCAA L IH Z ZUOQ UOQHCY HCYO O  @dsh

Dctavaidihs

Deran

Fdyo

Bulao

Bunao

4 5 3 9 4 5 3 9 4 5 3 9 4 5 3 9 Eòsquhid ih Colthlaio h Al`orfdcaól Cofphliao ihn colthlaio dprhcadenh

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Pasatds táclacds d nd hfprhsd Colsuntds d ophrdiorhs ih nd fäquald Hstuiao y Dlänasas ihn dctudn `ulcaoldfahlto Ihthccaól ih proenhfds hl hn prochso

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Shnhccaól ihn fátoio dutofätaco pdrd sonucaoldr nos proenhfds ihthctdios Hndeordcaól ih nds coliacaolhs y hschldraos

3

Zromrdfdcaól ihn ZNC Iashôo ih sasthfd SCDID-GFA Shnhccaól ih cofpolhlths lhchsdraos

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Nastdio ih cofpolhlths col prhcaos  Dlänasas ih costo Uhidccaól ihn iocufhlto `aldn y

8

corrhccaolhs

Ydend Yde nd 4. C rolom rdf rdfd d ih H ndeord ndeordca caól ól ih Z Zroyhcto royhcto

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CDZAYXNO A - ALYUOIXCCAÓL

4.=.5 Fhtoionomæd D Xtanazdr Hn promrdfd sh ramh edbos nds samuahlths cdrdcthræstacds2

4. Fhtoionomæd ih Alvhstamdcaól Dldnætacd Hs dldnætaco yd quh ihscofpolhfos nds pdrths o hnhfhltos pdrd dldnazdr nds cdusds y h`hcto soerh hn prochso.

5. Fhtoionomæd Iadmlostacd Zroposatavd Sh dpnacd porquh ul `uturo chrcdlo sh pahlsd althrvhlar, hn alvhstamdior sh gdch pdrth ihn hspdcao alvhstamdio y por tdlto althrdctòd col hnnos hl nd rhdnazdcaól rhd nazdcaól ihn iadmlóstaco. Zor tdlto hn alvhstamdior propolh dctudr hl edsh dn iadmlóstaco y euscd ul propósato ihthrfaldio o alihthrfaldio. Hltolchs nnhmdfos d nd colcnusaól quh no fäs dpropadio shrad hn uso cofealdio ih hstds trhs fhtoionomæds, yd quh rhdnazdrhfos ul dlänasas ih nds hsphca`acdcaolhs ih `deracdlths. Dn fasfo tahfpo sh dprovhcgd nd al`orfdcaól rhcdedid ih nds dccaolhs hl pndltd, hltrhvastds d nos hlcdrmdios ihn fdlthlafahlto, cofpandcaól ih nd al`orfdcaól oethlaid ih hfprhsds hsphcadnazdids hl hn ruero, y otros. @aldnfhlth sh propolh nd rhdnazdcaól ih tdrhds quh shräl hndeordids hl edsh d nos iadmlostaco oethlaios ih nd alvhstamdcaól cofo tdn.

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CDZAYXNO A - ALYUOIXCCAÓL

4.7 @uhlths Ih Al`orfdcaól 4.7.4 @uhlths Zrafdrads 

  Fdludnhs y rhcofhlidcaolhs ih nos `deracdlths ih nds fdqualds hxtrusords SGDLYOX BALWALM FDCGALHUQ quh ophrdl hl nd hfprhsd YHUFO@AN SUN. 

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  Hltrhvastds d nos rhspolsdenhs i ih hf fdlthlafahlto dlthlafahlto ih YHUFO@AN SUN.

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  Hltrhvastds d nos ophrdraos ih nd fdquald hxtrusord.

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  Shfaldrao ih dutofdtazdcaól.

4.7.5 @uhlths Shculidrads    Ih althrlht sh oe oetuvo tuvo dfpn dfpnad ad aal`orfdcaól l`orfdcaól ih althrás, ih sataos cof cofo2 o2

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  SAHFHLS

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  PDUAYHN ALM. HNHCYUOLACD S.D.

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  YHCLONOMAD IH NOS ZNDSYACOS

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  @oros ih iascusaól soerh prochsos ih dutofdtazdcaól tdnhs cofo2

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  SonoAlmhlahrad.Lht

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  Nalkhial

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  Al`oZNC.lht

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  Fdanxfdan.cof, satao pdrd cofpdrtar cursos y colocafahltos.

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  DYSalmhlahrad.cof, satao ih cdpdcatdcaolhs hl nomoso`t.   FHCGDYUOLAK, satao ih dpnacdcaolhs ih dutofdtazdcaól.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

CDZÆYXNO 5 FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.4 Nd Aliustrad Fdlu`dcturhrd Hl Eonavad Eonavad, dsæ cofo cudnquahr pdæs hl hn fulio, lo proiuch pdrd sæ toids nds fdthrads prafds quh lhchsatdl sus hfprhsds; dihfäs, sus lhchsaidihs sol cdfeadlths y ialäfacds hl hn tahfpo. Zor no tdlto, hn pdæs sa eahl proiuch uld pdrth afportdlth ih nds fdthrads prafds quh lhchsatd su aliustrad fdlu`dcturhrd, tdfeaál nds afportd cofo no gdch cudnquahr otrd ldcaól. Hl toio cdso, Eonavad sh cdrdcthrazd fäs eahl por hxportdr uld cdltaidi hlorfh ih fdthrads prafds h alsufos pdrd quh nds hfprhsds ih toio hn fulio puhidl trdls`orfdrnds y col hnno proiucar eahlhs y shrvacaos. Eonavad hs ul pdæs quh sh dcostuferó d afportdr hl ihfdsæd, hl vhz ih proiucar pdrd cuerar sus lhchsaidihs; sh vonvaó dntdfhlth ihphliahlth y vunlhrdenh ihn dedsthcafahlto hxthrlo; sh colvartaó hl ul „tofdior‖ ih prhcaos y dn `aldn ihn iæd rhsuntó fhbor alc nuso

afportdr hn proiucto dcdedio quh hn alsufo o nd fdthrad prafd. Dsæ `uh nd trasth gastorad ih nd aliustrad fonalhrd. Eonavad pdsó ih shr ihphliahlth ihn mrdlo ih tramo quh afportó por iácdids, prafhro suevhlcaoldio pdrd rhcaearno cofo ioldcaól y nuhmo suevhlcaoldio pdrd cofprdrno edrdto y, `aldnfhlth, ’hl dushlcad ih uld mrdl proiuccaól ldcaoldn’ tuvo quh gdchr su afportdcaól d prhcaos cofhrcadnhs lorfdnhs. Gdstd quh iurdlth nd òntafd iácdid `uh prh`hraenh afportdr nd gdrald hl vhz v hz ihn mrdlo pdrd fonhrno, no quh gazo quherdr d uld ihchld ih aliustrads fonalhrds, pralcapdnfhlth hl hn occaihlth ihn pdæs. Shmòl dldnastds, nd nhccaól dprhliaid hs quh sa quhrhfos `orbdr ul „pdæs soehrdlo‖

ihehrhfos dnhltdr nd proiuccaól ldcaoldn ih nds fdthrads prafds y nos alsufos quh lhchsatdfos, d uld hscdnd tdn quh sus prhcaos shdl dcchsaenhs. Ydfeaál sh iheh trdedbdr pdrd quh fhborh nd proiuctavaidi, quh dufhlth nd cdnaidi ih nos fasfos y dsæ thlhr uld

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

aliustrad quh lo shd vunlhrdenh y ihphliahlth ihn dedsthcafahlto hxthrlo. Hl hsh fdrco, nd Cäfdrd Ldcaoldn ih Aliustrad rh`nhbd quh Eonavad hs ul pdæs pravanhmadio hl cudlto d rhcursos ldturdnhs y coliacaolhs pdrd hn ihsdrronno ih nd dmracunturd y mdldihræd. Luhstro pdæs hs cdpdz ih proiucar uld al`alatd vdrahidi ih fdthrads prafds h alsufos pdrd nd aliustrad. Nd dctavaidi aliustradn colsasth hl nd trdls`orfdcaól ih fdthrads prafds hl proiuctos dcdedios, pdrd hnno ihfdlid cofo „colsufo althrfhiao‖ fdthrads prafds, alsufos y

shrvacaos ih ia`hrhlths shctorhs, alcnuyhlio hn fasfo shctor aliustradn quh dedsthch ih proiuctos shfahndeordios. Hn 07% ihn colsufo althrfhiao ih nd aliustrad fdlu`dcturhrd colsaihrdlio fdthrads prafds, alsufos y eahlhs ih cdpatdn provahlh ih nds afportdcaolhs y sondfhlth chrcd ihn 35% sol fdthrads prafds h alsufos ldcaoldnhs. Hn vdnor ih nd proiuccaól ldcaoldn ih proiuctos pr oiuctos fdlu`dcturdios hs dproxafdidfhlth ul 91% ih nd o`hrtd totdn (fhiaid hl vdnor) ihn fhrcdio, fahltrds quh hn vdnor ih nds afportdcaolhs ih proiuctos aliustradnhs dcdedios corrhspolih dn 35% y nos ihrhcgos diudlhros y färmhlhs sol hn 41% ihn vdnor eruto ih nd proiuccaól aliustradn. Nd o`hrtd ih proiuctos aliustradnhs hs ihfdlidid cofo pdrth ihn colsufo althrfhiao (9=%) ih otros shctorhs ih nd hcolofæd, alcnuaio hn fasfo shctor aliustradn, pdrd coltaludr otros prochsos ih trdls`orfdcaól, cofo eahlhs `aldnhs colsufaios por nos gomdrhs (57%) y cofo `orfdcaól ih cdpatdn y dcufundcaól ih hxasthlcads (alvhltdraos) y pdrd nd hxportdcaól (48%). Eonavad tahlh nd pothlcadnaidi ih proiucar sus propads fdthrads prafds, phro lo hstä hl coliacaolhs pdrd gdchrno. Ndfhltdenhfhlth, nd vhltdbd cofphtatavd ih fuy pocds aliustrads eonavadlds rdiacd hl nd fdthrad prafd; por hnno fucgds hfprhsds hndeordl proiuctos aliustradnhs col fdthrads prafds h alsufos afportdios o uld cofealdcaól óptafd hltrh fdthrads prafds ih oramhl ldcaoldn h afportdio. Shmòl Mdry Dltolao Uoiræmuhz, mhrhlth Mhlhrdn ihn Alstatuto Eonavadlo ih Cofhrcao Hxthraor (AECH), dnmulds fdthrads prafds h alsufos quh Eonavad proiuch pdrd nd aliustrad

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

rhsuntdl ih fhlor prhcao quh nos quh puhidl shr trdæios ihn hxthraor; hsto tahlh su hxpnacdcaól hl quh ul proiucto afportdio tahlh quh vhlar lorfdnfhlth ih pdæshs quh hstäl iastdlths, no quh afpnacd lorfdnfhlth ul prhcao fdyor, por hn trdlsporth, nos shmuros y hn costo ih oportulaidi pdrd diquarar uld fdthrad prafd o alsufo hl hn hxthraor, ih tdn suhrth quh hn h`hcto pralcapdn puhih shr quh dquánnos nnhmuhl cdros, hsphcadnfhlth hs phcadnfhlth sa gdy quh iasputdrnos col otros cofprdiorhs. Hso sæ, cudlio hn pdæs mhlhrd sus propads fdthrads prafds h alsufos ástos rhsuntdl fäs edrdtos pdrd su aliustrad trdls`orfdiord. Zralcapdnfhlth ih nos pdæshs fäs chrcdlos, por uld cuhstaól ih rhiuccaól ih costos; sal hfedrmo, trdtäliosh ih fdthradnhs quh vdl d gdchr ihstaldios d uld proiuccaól hsphcadnazdid poirædl vhlar ih nhbos, alcnuso ihsih hn Dsad, cofo hs hn cdso ih nds thnds cgalds pdrd hndeordr col`hccaolhs, o ih nos „pralcapaos dctavos‖ quh vahlhl ihsih hn

prafhr fulio pdrd `deracdr fhiacdfhltos, por catdr ios hbhfpnos. Zdrd Uoiræmuhz, Eonavad tahlh fdthrads prafds h alsufos ih euhld cdnaidi pdrd quh su aliustrad shd h`hctavdfhlth cofphtatavd, hl dnmulos cdsos lo nos tahlh hl ihfdsæd por ia`hrhlths rdzolhs. Bormh Drdfdyo, prhsaihlth ih nd Dsocadcaól Ldcaoldn ihn Znästaco ih Eonavad, dshmurd quh hl hn pdæs hn pralcapdn proenhfd quh dquhbd d nd aliustrad pnästacd hs hn coltrdedlio, „fahltrds lo sh sonucaolh hsh proenhfd y hn Moeahrlo lo tofh nds fhiaids

corrhspoliahlths, nd satudcaól ih nos aliustradnhs ihn pnästaco, quh cufpnhl nds nhyhs, hstdrä hl ihsvhltdbd‖.  

Otro `dctor quh rhtrdsd hn ihsdrronno ih nd aliustrad pnästacd hl Eonavad, cofhltd Bormh  Drdfdyo, hs quh hl Eonavad, phsh d quh gdy uld mrdl rhshrvd ih mds ldturdn, dòl lo hxasth uld aliustrad phtroquæfacd quh shræd ih mrdl dyuid pdrd hn shctor, puhs hs hn mds ldturdn o htdlo hn alsufo eäsaco pdrd hstd aliustrad, quh nuhmo sh colvahrth hl htanhlo y por òntafo hl ia`hrhlths pnästacos. Drdfdyo tdfeaál dshmurd quh „hl hsth fofhlto sh hstäl rhdnazdlio dnmulds fhiaids pdrd dtrdhr cdpatdnhs h alstdndr luhstrd propad aliustrad phtroquæfacd‖.  (Hcolofad, 5:44)

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.5 Crhcafahlto Ihn Colsufo Ih Zroiuctos Znästacos Hl Eonavad Shmòl nos hxphrtos y idtos hstdiæstacos, nd ihfdlid fuliadn ih proiuctos ih ponapropanhlo (pnästacos) tahlh uld tdsd hstdenh ih crhcafahlto ihn 9 dn 8% y quh lo hs d`hctdid por nd vondtanaidi ih nos prhcaos ihn phtrónho hl hn corto pndzo.  

Afdmm hl 5. Ihfd Afd Ihfdlid lid ih proiuct proiuctos os quæfacos hl E on onava ava d

Shmòl hn fdrco coltdenh ihn ALH, nd aliustrad dmrupd d nds ia`hrhlths dctavaidihs ihiacdids d nd trdls`orfdcaól ih nos alsufos ih proiuctos luhvos.

Hstd d`arfdcaól `uh pdrth ih nd prhshltdcaól quh rhdnazdrol nos hsphcadnastds soerh hn „Afpdcto ih nos prhcaos ihn phtrónho hl nos fhrcdios ih nd phtroquæfacd‖ hl hn PA

Colmrhso Mds & Zhtrónho ih QZ@E, quh sh rhdnazó nd shfdld pdsdid hl nd cdpatdn cruchôd.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

FHUCDIO Col nd hltrdid ih Eonavad hl nos fhrcdios ih ponapropanhlo sh dfpnadrä nd o`hrtd y nos rhquasatos ih cdnaidi, y quh sal iuid nd proiuccaól eonavadld hlcoltrdrä ihfdlid.

ZNÄSYACOS Xl al`orfh ih nd hstdtdn phtronhrd aliacd quh QZ@E diquaraó hsth dôo nd nachlcad Onh`nhxih Xop nnc d nd cofpdôæd XOZ pdrd nd trdls`orfdcaól ih propdlo hl propanhlo y nd nachlcad Spghrapon d NyolihnnEdshnn pdrd nd trdls`orfdcaól ih propanhlo d ponapropanhlo, quh hs hn pnästaco propadfhlth iacgo. Nd al`orfdcaól `uh corroeordid por hn hx Mhrhlth Mhlhrdn ih Zroyhctos, Zndltds y Zhtroquæfacd ih QZ@E, Fdrao Sdndzdr.

@DEUACDCAÓL „Spghrapon  hs hn prochso ih `deracdcaól fäs dfpnadfhlth prdctacdio. Zhrfath `deracdr ihsih nos ponæfhros fäs colvhlcaoldnhs gdstd nos ih rhquhrafahlto thclonómaco fäs hnhvdio, por no quh Eonavad vd d shr nd ehlh`acadrad ih nd hxphrahlcad dcufundid hl fucgds pdrths ihn fulio‖, shmòl hxphrtos. „Luhstros cnahlths dprhcadl hn prochso Spghrapon por nd dntd ophrdtavaidi ih nd thclonomæd,

sus costos edbos ih ophrdcaól, nds hxchnhlths propahidihs ih nos proiuctos y su `nhxaeanaidi pdrd gdchr allovdcaolhs‖, fdla`h stdrol nos hxphrtos.

ZUOCHSO „Nd ihcasaól ih QZ@E ih shnhccaoldr hn prochso Spghrapon pdrd su pndltd ih phtroquæfacd

hl Ydrabd, hs dchrtdid iheaio quh nd thclonomæd quh utanazd hs `äcan ih ophrdr y sus proiuctos tahlhl ihfdlid hl toids pdrths ihn fulio‖, aliacó.  

Ihn Samlorh hs Iarhctord Mhlhrdn ih nos Shrvacaos ih Yhclonomæd y Nachlcadfahlto ih Nyolihnnedshnn, uld cofpdôæd quh hfath nachlcads pdrd nd thclonomæd ih proiuccaól Spghrapon. (IADUAO, 5:40)

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.3 Yhrfo`an S.U.N.

Nd hfprhsd sh ihiacd d nd `deracdcaól ih proiuctos pnästacos hl toid su mdfd ih vdrahidihs, puiahlio ihiacdrsh tdfeaál d nd cofprd, vhltd, afportdcaolhs, hxportdcaolhs y cofhrcadnazdcaól ih toid cndsh ih pnästacos. Hstä ueacdid hl hn ihpdrtdfhlto ih Sdltd Cruz hl hn pdrquh aliustradn ZA-:9 noth L.- 47 Hl hstd hfprhsd nd fdyoræd ih nos trdedbos trd edbos no rhdnazd ih `orfd fdludn thlahlio ul euhl e uhl lòfhro ih trdedbdiorhs quh no col`orfdl goferhs y fubhrhs. Yahlhl turlos ih trdedbos pdrd nd prhpdrdcaól ih eoealds, iaurlo y locturlo. LAY 4794=::55 d loferh ih nd Uhprhshltdlth nhmdn Bdquhnalh Uaehrd, quh tahlh hn samuahlth ormdlamrdfd.

Nd hfprhsd lo tahlh ul bh`h ih fdlthlafahlto sono táclacos ophrdiorhs quh rhdnazdl nos iheaios fdlthlafahltos d nds fäqualds, tahlhl sus propads fovanaidihs pdrd nd iheaid iastraeucaól ih sus proiuctos pdrd toid Eonavad. Nds alstdndcaolhs sol mrdlihs dcorih d nds lhchsaidihs ih nds fäqualds pdrd su rhsphctavo trdedbo. 48

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.9 Hxtrusaól 5.9.4 Altroiuccaól Hl uld ih`alacaól dfpnad hn prochso ih hxtrusaól gdch rh`hrhlcad d cudnquahr ophrdcaól ih trdls`orfdcaól hl nd quh ul fdthradn `uliaio hs `orzdio `or zdio d dtrdvhsdr uld eoquannd pdrd proiucar ul drtæcuno ih shccaól trdlsvhrsdn colstdlth y, hl pralcapao, nolmatui alih`alaid.  Dihfäs ih nos pnästa pnästacos, cos, fucgos otros fdthradnhs sh prochsdl f fhiadlth hiadlth hxtrusaól hxtrusaól,, cofo nos fhtdnhs, chräfacos o dnafhltos, oethlaáliosh proiuctos fuy vdradios cofo sol fdrcos ih vhltdlds ih dnufalao o ZPC, tuehræds, pdstds dnafhltacads, htc. Ihsih hn pulto ih vastd ih nos pnästacos, nd hxtrusaól hs cndrdfhlth cndrd fhlth ulo ih nos prochsos fäs afportdlths ih trdls`orfdcaól. Hn prochso ih hxtrusaól ih pnästacos sh nnhvd d cdeo hl fäqualds ihlofaldids hxtrusords o hxtrusorhs. Dulquh hxasth hxtrusord ih iavhrsos tapos, nds fäs utanazdids sol nds ih torlanno o ih gusanno safpnh, por no quh gdrhfos rh`hrhlcad d hnnds coltaludfhlth. Hl hn prochso ih hxtrusaól, por no mhlhrdn hn ponæfhro sh dnafhltd hl `orfd sónaid y sdnh ih nd hxtrusord hl hstdio `uliaio. Hl dnmulds ocdsaolhs hn ponæfhro sh puhih dnafhltdr `uliaio, prochihlth ih ul rhdctor. Hl hsth cdso nd hxtrusord dctòd cofo uld eofed, proporcaoldlio nd prhsaól lhchsdrad pdrd gdchr pdsdr dn ponæfhro d trdvás ih nd eoquannd. Zdrd hn cdso fäs corrahlth ih nd hxtrusaól ih ul ponæfhro alacadnfhlth sonaio quh `ulih hl hn prochso, nd hxtrusord, y hl colcrhto uld ih gusanno òlaco, puhih rhdnazdr shas `ulcaolhs pralcapdnhs2   Yrdlsporth ihn fdthradn sonaio gdcad nd zold ih `usaól

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  @usaól o pndsta`acdcaól ihn fdthradn

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  Yrdlsporth o eofeho y prhsurazdcaól ihn `uliaio

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  Fhzcndio

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  Ihsmdsa`acdio

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  Col`orfdio

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Iheh thlhrsh hl cuhltd quh lo toids nds `ulcaolhs dlthraorhs tahlhl numdr lhchsdradfhlth iurdlth nd ophrdcaól ih toids y cdid uld ih nds hxtrusords. Zor hbhfpno, hn ihsmdsa`acdio o vhltho òlacdfhlth sh proiuch hl nds fdqualds prhpdrdids pdrd hnno. Ih dcuhrio col nds fasaolhs quh iheh cufpnar, uld hxtrusord iheh iaspolhr ih ul sasthfd ih dnafhltdcaól ihn fdthradn, ul sasthfd ih `usaól-pndla`acdcaól ihn fasfo, hn sasthfd ih eofeho y prhsurazdcaól, quh gdeatudnfhlth mhlhrdrd tdfeaál ul h`hcto ih fhzcndio y `aldnfhlth, hn iasposatavo pdrd idr numdr dn col`orfdio ihn fdthradn `uliaio.

Afdmm hl 3. U hprhshltd Afd hprhshltdca caól ól hs hsquhf quhfä ätacd ih uld hxtrus ord ih gusa nn nno o s hlcanno. hlcanno.

Cofo puhih dprhcadrsh hn sasthfd ih dnafhltdcaól fäs gdeatudn hs uld tonvd, hl nd quh hn fdthradn d prochsdr sh dnafhltd hl `orfd ih ponvo o mrdlzd. Hn iasposatavo ih `usaólpndsta`acdcaól, eofeho y fhzcndio hstä colstatuaio por ul torlanno ih Drquæfhihs Dr quæfhihs quh mard hl hn althraor ih ul canaliro cdnhltdio, mhlhrdnfhlth fhiadlth rhsasthlcads hnáctracds. Hl nd pdrth ihn canaliro fäs dnhbdid ih nd tonvd ih dnafhltdcaól sh dcopnd ul cdehzdn cuyd eoquannd ih sdnaid tahlh hn iashôo dihcudio pdrd quh thlmd numdr hn col`orfdio ihn proiucto. Nd pdrth hshlcadn ih nd fdquald hs hn sasthfd canaliro-torlanno quh, cofo colshcuhlcad ihn maro, cofpdctd hn dnafhlto sónaio, id numdr d nd `usaól ihn fdthradn y no trdlsportd gdcad nd eoquannd ih col`orfdio, proiucahlio dn fasfo tahfpo nd prhsurazdcaól y hn fhzcndio ihn fdthradn.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Afdmm hl 9. Rold ih uld hxtrus ord y hvonuca Afd hvonucaól ól ih nnd d prhs aó aól l d no nndrm drm o ih nd ndss fasfds.

Yoids nds hxtrusords sh colsaihrdl iavaiaids hl trhs zolds quh sh s h puhihl dprhcadr hl nd afdmhl 9, bulto col nd hvonucaól ih nd prhsaól d no ndrmo ih nd hxtrusord. Nd zold ih dnafhltdcaól hs nd fäs chrcdld d nd tonvd, hl nd cudn nd pro`uliaidi ihn cdldn ihn torlanno hs fäxafd. Yahlh cofo oebhtavo pralcapdn cofpdctdr hn dnafhlto hl uld `orfd sónaid ihlsd y trdlsportdrno gdcad nd samuahlth zold d uld vhnocaidi dihcudid. Nd zold ih trdlsacaól o cofprhsaól hs nd zold althrfhiad hl nd cudn nd pro`uliaidi ihn cdldn iasfaluyh ih foio fäs o fhlos mrdiudn. Col`orfh hn fdthradn sonaio vd cofpdctäliosh hl hstd zold hn darh quh puiahrd quhidr dtrdpdio hscdpd ihn fdthradn væd nd tonvd ih dnafhltdcaól. Hl nd zold ih trdlsacaól, dihfäs, tahlh numdr nd `usaól ihn fdthradn. Nd zold ih iosa`acdio ih cdldn fuy phquhôd y colstdlth. Hl hstd zold hn fdthradn `uliaio hs gofomhlhazdio y prhsurazdio pdrd `orzdrno d dtrdvhsdr d prhsaól nd eoquannd ih col`orfdio.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.9.5 Cofpolhlths ih nd hxtrusord 5.9.5.4 Hn torlanno ih hxtrusaól Hn torlanno o gusanno colsasth hl ul canaliro ndrmo roihdio por ul `anhth ghnacoaidn. Hn torlanno hs uld ih nds pdrths fäs afportdlths yd quh coltraeuyh d rhdnazdr nds `ulcaolhs ih trdlsportdr, cdnhltdr, `uliar y fhzcndr hn fdthradn. Nd hstdeanaidi ihn prochso y nd cdnaidi ihn proiucto quh sh oetahlh ihphlihl hl mrdl fhiaid ihn iashôo ihn torlanno. Nos pdräfhtros fäs afportdlths hl hn iashôo ihn torlanno sol so l su nolmatui (N), iaäfhtro (I), hn älmuno ihn `anhth (η) y hn pdso ih roscd (]).

Afdmm hl 8. Yorla nno Afd nno ih uld hxtrus ord.

Hn fdthradn sh vd prhsurazdlio d fhiaid quh dvdlzd por hn torlanno, cofhlzdlio col prhsaól dtfos`áracd hl nd tonvd y dufhltdlio gdstd nd sdnaid por nd eoquannd. Nd shccaól ih pdso ihn torlanno lo hs colstdlth, salo quh hs fdyor hl nd zold ih dnafhltdcaól (fdyor pro`uliaidi ih cdldn). Lorfdnfhlth hn torlanno lo vahlh dcofpdôdio ih lalmòl sasthfd ih cdnhltdfahlto o hl`radfahlto, dulquh hl dnmulos cdsos sh hfpnhdl torlannos guhcos por nos quh sh gdch carcundr ul `nuaio rh`ramhrdlth o cdnh`dctor. Nos fdthradnhs thrfopnästacos quh sh usdl hl hn prochso ih hxtrusaól ia`ahrhl lotdenhfhlth hltrh sæ. Nd hndstacaidi, cdnor hsphcæ`aco, coh`acahlth ih `raccaól, thfphrdturd ih `usaól, vascosaidi ihn `uliaio, htc. cuerhl ul dfpnao rdlmo ih vdnorhs, y puhsto quh toids hstds propahidihs tahlhl su afportdlcad hl hn fofhlto ih iashôdr hn 41

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

torlanno, hs nómaco quh shd lhchsdrao utanazdr ia`hrhlths tapos ih torlannos pdrd trdedbdr dihcudidfhlth cdid fdthradn. Hl nd präctacd hs fuy rdro quh ul torlanno ihthrfaldio shd dihcudlio pdrd trdedbdr col fdthradnhs fuy iavhrsos; ih ghcgo, cdid torlanno sh iashôd o hnamh pdrd trdedbdr col uld ihthrfaldid cofealdcaól ih eoquannd/fdthradn.

5.9.5.5 Canaliro Hn canaliro ih cdnh`dccaól dnehrmd hl su althraor dn torlanno cofo sh vh hl nd afdmhl 0. Nd suphr`acah ihn canaliro iheh shr fuy rumosd pdrd dufhltdr nds `uhrzds ih cazdnnd quh soportdrd hn fdthradn y phrfatar dsæ quh hsth `nuyd d no ndrmo ih nd hxtrusord. Zdrd hvatdr nd corrosaól y hn ihsmdsth fhcälaco, hn canaliro suhnh colstruarsh ih dchros fuy rhsasthlths y hl dnmulos cdsos vahlh hquapdio col ul rhvhstafahlto eafhtänaco quh nh col`ahrh uld hnhvdid rhsasthlcad, hl nd fdyoræd ih nos cdsos suphraor d nd ihn torlanno, yd quh hsth hs fucgo fäs `äcan ih rhhfpndzdr. Hn canaliro por no mhlhrdn poshh sasthfds ih trdls`hrhlcad ih cdnor. Hn cdnhltdfahlto sh puhih rhdnazdr fhiadlth rhsasthlcads hnáctracds carcundrhs nocdnazdids hl toid su nolmatui cofo sh fuhstrd hl nd afdmhl 0, y tdfeaál, dulquh hs fhlos usudn, fhiadlth rdiadcaól o hlcdfasdio col `nuaios rh`ramhrdlths o cdnh`dctorhs. Hn canaliro suhnh iavaiarsh hl vdrads zolds ih cdnh`dccaól, dn fhlos trhs, col coltron alihphliahlth hl cdid uld ih hnnds, no quh phrfath colshmuar ul mrdiahlth ih thfphrdturd rdzoldenh ihsih nd tonvd gdstd nd eoquannd. Hn canaliro iheh hl`radrsh sa cofo colshcuhlcad ih nd mhlhrdcaól althrld ih cdnor oramaldn por nd cazdnnd d nd quh sh sofhth dn pnästaco sh rhedsd nd thfphrdturd lofaldn ihn prochso (no quh ocurrh lorfdnfhlth). Hn hl`radfahlto hl nd fhlor pdrth ih nds ocdsaolhs sh gdch col næquaios, yd quh dulquh thlmdl uld fdyor cdpdcaidi pdrd p drd hnafaldr cdnor quh hn darh, nd thfphrdturd hs fäs ia`æcan ih coltrondr. Lorfdnfhlth sh usdl sopndlths cofo nds rhprhshltdids hl nd `amurd. Gdy quh thlhr hl cuhltd quh nos shlsorhs ih coltron ih thfphrdturd quhidl satudios hl hn canaliro, por no quh nd thfphrdturd ihn fdthradn shrä sahfprh suphraor d nd quh aliacd nos coltronhs.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Afdmm hl 0. S as th Afd thfd fd canaliro ca naliro ih cdn cdnh`d h`dcca cca ól-to ól-torla rlann nno. o.

5.9.5.3 Mdrmdltd ih dnafhltdcaól  Hn canaliro puhih hstdr colstruaio hl ios pdrths, nd prafhrd sh satòd ihedbo ih nd tonvd y sh ihlofald mdrmdltd ih dnafhltdcaól. Suhnh hstdr provastd ih ul sasthfd ih rh`ramhrdcaól pdrd fdlthlhr nd thfphrdturd ih hstd zold no su`acahlthfhlth edbd pdrd quh nds pdrtæcunds ih mrdlzd lo sh digahrdl d nds pdrhihs althrlds ih nd hxtrusord. Nd mdrmdltd ih dnafhltdcaól hstä colhctdid col nd tonvd d trdvás ih nd eoquannd ih hltrdid o ih dnafhltdcaól. Hstd eoquannd suhnh thlhr uld nolmatui ih 4.8 vhchs hn iaäfhtro ihn canaliro y uld dlcgurd ih :.= vhchs hn fasfo, y suhnh hstdr ihspndzdid ihn hbh ihn torlanno pdrd `dcanatdr nd cdæid ihn fdthradn d nd fäquald.

Afdmm hl =. M drm dltd ih d Afd dnafhlt nafhltdcaól dcaól

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.9.5.9 Yonvd Nd tonvd hs hn colthlhior quh sh utanazd pdrd altroiucar hn fdthradn hl nd fäquald. Yonvd, mdrmdltd ih dnafhltdcaól y eoquannd ih hltrdid ihehl hstdr hlsdfendids phr`hctdfhlth y iashôdids ih fdlhrd quh proporcaolhl proporcao lhl ul `nubo colstdlth ih fdthradn. Hsto sh colsamuh fäs `äcanfhlth col tonvds ih shccaól carcundr, dulquh sol fäs cdrds y ia`æcanhs ih colstruar quh nds ih shccaól rhctdlmundr. Sh iashôdl col ul vonufhl quh phrfatd dnehrmdr fdthradn pdrd 5 gords ih trdedbo.

Afdmm hl 7. Yapos ih ttonvd Afd onvdss

5.9.5.8 Zndto rofphior y `antros Hn pndto rofphior sh hlcuhltrd dn `aldn ihn canaliro. Sh trdtd ih ul iasco ihnmdio ih fhtdn col dmubhros, cofo sh fuhstrd hl nd afdmhl a fdmhl 1. Hn propósato ihn pndto hs shrvar ih soporth d ul pdquhth ih `antros cuyo `al pralcapdn hs dtrdpdr nos coltdfaldlths pdrd quh lo sdnmdl col hn proiucto hxtruaio. Nos `antros dihfäs fhbordl hn fhzcndio y gofomhlazdl hn `uliaio. Nos `antros vdl dpandios ihndlth ihn pndto rofphior, prafhro sh satòdl nos ih fdnnds fäs dlcgd, rhiucaáliosh hn tdfdôo ih fdnnd promrhsavdfhlth. Ihträs sh satòd ul òntafo `antro tdfeaál ih fdnnd dlcgd y `aldnfhlth hn pndto rofphior quh soportd nos `antros. 55

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Col`orfh sh hlsucadl nds fdnnds hs lhchsdrao sustatuarnds pdrd hvatdr uld cdæid ih prhsaól hxchsavd y quh iasfaluyd nd proiuccaól. Zor hnno, hn iashôo ihn pndto iheh shr tdn quh puhid shr rhhfpndzdio col `dcanaidi.

Afdmm hl 1. Z Afd Znd ndto to rofph rofphior ior

5.9.5.0 Cdehzdn y Eoquannd Hn cdehzdn hs nd pahzd satudid dn `aldn ihn canaliro, quh sh hlcuhltrd subhtdlio nd eoquannd y por no mhlhrdn fdlthlahlio hn pndto rofphior. Mhlhrdnfhlth vd dtorlanndio dn canaliro. Hn phr`an althrlo ihn cdehzdn iheh `dcanatdr no fäs posaenh hn `nubo ihn fdthradn gdcad nd eoquannd. Nd afdmhl 4: fuhstrd ul sasthfd cdehzdn-eoquannd ih `orfd dlundr. Hl nd afdmhl hn fdthradn `nuyh ihn canaliro d nd eoquannd d trdvás ihn torphio, satudio hl hn cdehzdn. Nd shccaól trdlsvhrsdn ih nos soporths ihn torphio sh iashôd pdrd proporcaoldr hn `nubo ih fdthradn d vhnocaidi colstdlth. Nd `ulcaól ih nd eoquannd hs nd ih fonihdr hn pnästaco. Nds eoquannds sh puhihl cndsa`acdr por nd `orfd ihn proiucto, thlahlio dsæ eoquannds dlundrhs cofo nd fostrdid hl nd afdmhl 4: (por hbhfpno, pdrd nd `deracdcaól ih tuehræds o rhcuerafahltos ih fdthradnhs canæliracos), eoquannds pndlds cofo nd ih nd afdmhl 44 (col nd quh qu h sh oetahlhl pndlcgds y näfalds), eoquannds carcundrhs (col nds quh sh oetahlhl `aerds y proiuctos ih `orfd canæliracds), htc. 53

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Sh puhih iastalmuar trhs pdrths ia`hrhlcadids hl toids nds eoquannds quh sh fuhstrdl hl nd afdmhl 44 (Corth ih eoquannd pndld)2 nd prafhrd pdrth hs hn cdldn ih hltrdid, nuhmo hn iastraeuaior y d coltaludcaól nd zold ih sdnaid.

Afdmm hl 4:. E oqua Afd oquann nnd dd dlund lundrr y cdehzd cdehzdn. n.

Afdmm hl 44. Z Afd Zdrt drths hs ia`hrhlcadid ia`hrhlcadidss hl uld eoq eoquannd uannd ih h hxtrus xtrus aól.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Nds iafhlsaolhs ih nd eoquannd lo sol hxdctdfhlth nds fasfds quh nnds ds ihn hl`radfahlto y hn `hlófhlo ih rhndbdcaól coltraeuyhl d quh hn fdthradn cdfeah ih tdfdôo h alcnuso ih `orfd.

5.9.3 Hsphca`acdcaolhs Ih Nd Fäquald Iaäfhtro ihn canaliro (I)2 Hs rhprhshltdtavo ihn tdfdôo ih nd hxtrusord y d`hctd hl mrdl fhiaid d nd vhnocaidi ih `nubo, hn cduidn ih fdthradn quh proporcaold nd hxtrusord hs proporcaoldn dn cudirdio ihn iaäfhtro ihn torlanno. Nd fdyoræd ih nds hxtrusords tahlh iaäfhtros cofprhliaios hltrh 5 y 1: cf.

Uhndcaól nolmatui/iaäfhtro (N/I)2 Zdrd ul iaäfhtro ih torlanno idio, nd cdpdcaidi cd pdcaidi pdrd `uliar, fhzcndr y gofomhlhazdr d uld vhnocaidi ih maro ihn torlanno ihthrfaldid dufhltd dn dufhltdr nd nolmatui ihn torlanno, y por tdlto nd rhndcaól N/I. sal hfedrmo torlannos hxchsavdfhlth ndrmos sol ia`æcanhs ih colstruar y dnalhdr ihltro ihn canaliro, ih foio quh lo rhsuntdl ophrdtavos. Nd rhndcaól N/I tæpacd pdrd nd hxtrusaól ih ponæfhros thrfopnästacos vdrædl mhlhrdnfhlth hltrh 5:24 y 3:24.

Uhndcaól ih cofprhsaól2 Xld ih`alacaól hxdctd ih hsth pdräfhtro hs „nd rhndcaól vonufátracd ih nds vuhntds ihn `anhth hl nds zolds ih dnafhltdcaól y ih iosa`acdio‖. Sh

suhnh hxprhsdr, sal hfedrmo, hl tárfalos ih nd rhndcaól ih pro`uliaidihs ihn cdldn hl dfeds zolds, uld dproxafdcaól quh hs òlacdfhlth vdnaid sa hn Dlmuno ih nos `anhths y nd dlcgurd ihn cdldn sh fdltahlhl colstdlths. Nds rhndcaolhs rh ndcaolhs ih cofprhsaól tæpacds oscandl hltrh 5.: y 9.:. Xld zold ih iosa`acdcaól ih phquhôd pro`uliaidi (dntd rhndcaól ih cofprhsaól) afpolh fdyor vhnocaidi ih cazdnnd soerh hn `uliaio (pdrd uld vhnocaidi ih torlanno idid), y sh dsocad tdfeaál col ul mrdiahlth ih prhsaól fdyor.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Col`amurdcaól ihn torlanno2 Hs ul dsphcto ih mrdl afportdlcad. Nd hnhccaól ih`alatavd ihn lòfhro y ihn iashôo mhofátraco ih nds zolds ihn torlanno hs ul prochso cofpnhbo. Hstd ihcasaól ihphlih lo sono ihn iashôo ih nd eoquannd y ih nds vhnocaidihs ih `nubo hsphrdids, salo tdfeaál ih nds cdrdcthræstacds ih `usaól ihn ponæfhro, ih su cofportdfahlto rhonomaco y ih nd vhnocaidi v hnocaidi ihn torlanno. Xl torlanno safpnh, ih trhs zolds, sh ih`alh usudnfhlth shmòl hn lòfhro lò fhro ih vuhntds ih gánach hl nds zolds ih dnafhltdcaól, cofprhsaól y iosa`acdio. Xl hbhfpno ih ia`hrhlths col`amurdcaolhs ih torlanno sh fuhstrd hl nd afdmhl 45.

Afdmm hl 45. H bhf Afd bhfpn pno o ih ttorla orlannnos pd pdrd rd ia`hrhlths ia`hrhlths `alhs .

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.9.9 Nælhd Ih Hxtrusaól Zdrd `deracdr ul proiucto hxtruaio, dihfäs ih uld hxtrusord sh lhchsatdl uld shrah ih hquapos duxanadrhs quh hl dnmulos cdsos sol cofulhs d toids nds nælhds ih hxtrusaól y hl otros sol cdrdcthræstacos ih ul proiucto colcrhto. Hl mhlhrdn toids nds nælhds colstdl ih ulaidihs ih rh`ramhrdcaól, cdnaerdio, thlsaoldio, rhcomaid y cortdio. Cudlio hn fdthradn `uliaio sdnh ih nd hxtrusord iheh hl`radrsh alfhiadtdfhlth pdrd quh colshrvh nd `orfd y diquahrd nd ramaihz lhchsdrad. Zdrd hnno hs lhchsdrao ul sasthfd ih hl`radfahlto. Shd cudn shd hn sasthfd hscomaio, hn hl`radfahlto iheh shr no fäs ula`orfh

posaenh d no ndrmo ih nd shccaól ih nd pahzd, y hl ocdsaolhs tdfeaál mrdiudn, ih foio quh lo hxastdl mrdiahlths ih thfphrdturd afportdlths hltrh hn pultos chrcdlos ihn fdthradn. Hl hn cdso ih proiuctos col `orfd dlundr y ih näfalds, hn hl`radfahlto sh suhnh rhdnazdr hl ul tdlquh o drthsd por nd quh carcund dmud, hl ocdsaolhs d ia`hrhlths thfphrdturds d no ndrmo ihn rhcorraio ihn fdthradn pdrd nomrdr ul hl`radfahlto mrdiudn. Hl hn cdso ih pndlcgds, phnæcunds y rhcuerafahltos hs `rhcuhlth quh nd rh`ramhrdcaól sh rhdnach hfpnhdlio roiannos fhtänacos `ræos, por hn althraor ih nos cudnhs carcund ul `nuaio rh`ramhrdlth. Hstos roiannos dihfäs puhihl rhdnazdr nd `ulcaól ih afprafar hn dcdedio suphr`acadn `aldn d nd pahzd (punaio, fdth, col iaeubo) y ih dctudr ih hquapo ih rhcomaid. Cudlio nd tonhrdlcad ih nds iafhlsaolhs ih nds pahzds hs phquhôd iheh hxastar ul sasthfd ih cdnaerdio quh ihthrfalh hn hsphsor hl hn cdso ih pahzds pndlds, o eahl hn iaäfhtro

althrlo y hxthrlo hl hn cdso ih shccaolhs dlundrhs, htc. Mhlhrdnfhlth hstds fhiacaolhs sh rhdnazdl fhiadlth hquapos ih untrdsolaio o ndshr. Hn sasthfd ih cdnaerdio, dihfäs, puhih dctudr soerh hn fotor ih nd fäquald pdrd foia`acdr hn cduidn, o soerh nos sasthfds ih hl`radfahlto (althrlo y hxthrlo hl hn cdso ih pahzds dlundrhs) o hn ih thlsaoldio, ih foio quh sh puhid cofphlsdr alstdltälhdfhlth cudnquahr ihsvadcaól hl nos hstälidrhs `abdios pdrd uld pahzd.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Hn hquapo ih thlsaoldio y rhcomaid ihthrfald nd vhnocaidi nalhdn d nd quh hn fdthradn iheh shr hxtruaio. Gdstd cahrto pulto hn hsphsor o nd `orfd ihn proiucto hxtruaio ihphlih ih nd rhndcaól hltrh hn cduidn ih fdthradn hxtruaio y nd vhnocaidi ih rhcomaid. Hn hstardfahlto o thlsaoldio provocdio por hn hquapo ih rhcomaid sarvh hl ocdsaolhs pdrd fhbordr ihthrfaldids propahidihs fhcälacds ihn proiucto hl nd iarhccaól ihn hstardio. Zor no mhlhrdn, nos sasthfds ih rhcomaid sol roiannos, edlids sal `al, cderhstdlths, htc. Nos roiannos ih rhcomaid sh suhnhl colstruar ih cducgo o cudnquahr otro hndstófhro, hstdlio d vhchs su suphr`acah didptdid d nd `orfd ihn fdthradn quh sh hxtruyh. Hl otrds ocdsaolhs sh hfpnhdl edlids ih trdccaoldio quh proporcaoldl fdyor suphr`acah ih dmdrrh hvatdlio quh hn hxtrusdio rhsednh. Hn hquapo ih cortdio hl nolmatuihs colsasth hl cucgannds hstdcaoldrads sa nd vhnocaidi ih hxtrusaól hs su`acahlthfhlth edbd o hn fdthradn hs `nhxaenh, o hl cucgannds trdlsportdenhs, o hl hn cdso ih fdthradnhs su`acahlthfhlth ræmaios, ih tapo muannotald. Hs cdid vhz fäs `rhcuhlth hn cortdio por cgorros ih darh.

5.9.8 Nælhds Ih Zhnæcunds Q Näfalds 5.9.8.4 Zrochso col pand ih roiannos Nd ia`hrhlcad hltrh nds phnæcunds y nds näfalds hs su mrosor, colsaihräliosh näfalds sa tahlhl ul mrosor suphraor d 5 ff y phnæcund sa hsth hs al`hraor. D phsdr ih quh suhnh gdchrsh ia`hrhlcadcaól, nds nælhds pdrd phnæcunds y näfalds sol fuy safandrhs. Hn prochso ih pand ih roiannos quh sh fuhstrd hl nd afdmhl 43, sh hfpnhd pdrd nd `deracdcaól ih näfalds quh puhihl nnhmdr d thlhr gdstd 3: f ih dlcgo. Hl hn cdso ih näfalds tdl dlcgds hn coltron ih nd thfphrdturd hl nd eoquannd iheh shr fuy prhcaso, y por no mhlhrdn nd thfphrdturd sh fdltahlh fäs dntd hl nos hxtrhfos quh hl hn chltro ih nd näfald pdrd hvatdr quh sh ih`orfh. Nos pralcapdnhs cofpolhlths ih uld nælhd ih hsth tapo sol2 nd hxtrusord, nd pand ih roiannos, nd shccaól ih hl`radfahlto, hl`rad fahlto, mhlhrdnfhlth `orfdid 57

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

por uld shrah ih roiannos, nd shccaól ih thlsaoldio y hn rhcomhior. Nd pand ih roiannos sh usd pdrd hbhrchr prhsaól soerh nd näfald, corramahlio posaenhs vdradcaolhs ih hsphsor, y pdrd ihthrfaldr nd thxturd ih nd fasfd. Sa sh rhquahrh uld suphr`acah nasd, sh usdl roiannos punaios. Nd afdmhl 43 fuhstrd uld näfald ih pnästaco rhcorrahlio hn roianno chltrdn y rhdnazdlio uld trdyhctorad hl `orfd ih S dnrhihior ihn roianno chltrdn y iaramaáliosh nuhmo gdcad drraed. Nd pand ih roiannos hl otrds ocdsaolhs sh iaspolh ih `orfd quh hn rhcorraio hs gdcad dedbo.

Afdmm hl 43. Zr ochs o col pand ih roiann Afd roiannos os pd pdrd rd nd `d `derac erac dcaól ca ól ih nä näfald faldss .

Zor hn althraor ih nos roiannos lorfdnfhlth sh gdch carcundr ul `nuaio quh coltrond nd thfphrdturd ihn prochso hl hstd zold. Ydfeaál hs posaenh coltrondr nd thfphrdturd ih cdid roianno por shpdrdio shmòl althrhsh. Nd shccaól ih hl`radfahlto colsasth hl ul colbulto ih roiannos puhstos hl shrah iolih nd näfald pdsd por ihedbo y por hlcafd dnthrldtavdfhlth, gdcaáliosh carcundr darh `orzdio o alcnuso dmud punvhrazdid por hn hxthraor. Dn `aldn ih nd shccaól ih hl`radfahlto sh hlcuhltrdl nos roiannos ih thlsaoldio, quh sol roiannos ih cducgo quh hstardl nd näfald ihsih nd pand ih roiannos pdrd fdlthlhr uld cahrtd thlsaól. Ihspuás ih nos roiannos ih thlsaoldio, nd gobd sh nnhvd dn rhcomhior, o hl cdso ih näfalds ræmaids sh cortdl hl nd nolmatui ihshdid y sh dpandl. (Fdrcannd, 5:45)

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.9.0 Fotorhs Xl fotor hs uld fäquald quh trdls`orfd hlhrmæd hnáctracd hl hlhrmæd fhcälacd (fovafahlto). Hxasth uld mrdl mdfd ih fotorhs quh dedrcd mrdl cdltaidi ih dpnacdcaolhs. Nos fotorhs sh puhihl cndsa`acdr shmòl su dnafhltdcaól hl fotorhs ih corrahlth coltalud y fotorhs ih corrahlth dnthrld. Zdrd gdchr uld dihcudid shnhccaól ihn fotor d utanazdr sh iheh colochr hn `ulcaoldfahlto ih cdid ulo ih hnnos.

5.9.0.4 Fotor Corrahlth Coltalud Nos fotorhs ih corrahlth sh cndsa`acdl shmòl su colhxaól hl2

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  Hxcatdcaól alihphliahlth2 cudlio hn cdfpo y nd drfdiurd sh colhctdl d `uhlths ih thlsaól ia`hrhlths, nos vontdbhs ih hnnds puhihl shr ia`hrhlths. i a`hrhlths.   Hxcatdcaól Zdrdnhno2 Cudlio sh usd nd fasf fasfd d `uhlth y nos ihvdldios hstäl

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pdrdnhnos, sh cofportdl amudn dn dlthraor.   Hxcatdcaól Shrah2 hs ul tapo ih fotor hnáctraco ih corrahlth coltalud hl hn cudn

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hn aliucaio y hn ihvdldio aliuctor o ih hxcatdcaól vdl colhctdios hl shrah, hn vontdbh dpnacdio hs colstdlth.   Hxcatdcaól Cofpuhstd2 Hn cdfpo tatahlh hlh ios eoealds, u uld ld sh conocd hl shrah col

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nd drfdiurd y nd otrd hl pdrdnhno. pdrd nhno.

3:

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Cudiro cofpdrdcaól tapos ih colhxaól fotor corrahlth coltalud

Yapo 

Alihphliahlth   

Zdr ih    drrdlquh Xsos 

Shrah   

Edbo  Dnto  Dpnacdcaolhs quh  Dpnacdcaolhs lhchsathl quh lhchsatdl vhnocaidi ul euhl colstdlth, drrdlquh, dihfäs ih cofo cdfeaos ih tdndiros, vhnocaidi  nacudiords htc. 

Zdrdnhno 

Cofpuhsto 

 

 

Edbo Fhiao  Dpnacdcaolhs  Dpnacdcaolhs col cdrmds quh lo phquhôds y ih rhquahrhl uso colstdlth  vdradr nd vhnocaidi y ih uso pronolmdio. 

Xld ih nds cdrdcthræstacds fäs afportdlths ih nos fotorhs hs su torquh, quh vdræd shmòl hn tapo ih colhxaól y su vhnocaidi cofo c ofo sh puhih vhr hl nd aafdmhl fdmhl 49.

Afdmm hl 49 Afd 49.. M rd` rd`aco aco to torquh rquh shm òl col`am urd urdcaól caól a lt lthrld hrld..

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.9.0.5 Fotor Corrahlth Dnthrld Nos fotorhs ih corrahlth dnthrld sh puhihl cndsa`acdr shmòl su `ulcaoldfahlto2

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  Fotor salcrólaco2 Hn fotor hnáctraco hs ul iasposatavo quh trdls`orfd nd hlhrmæd hnáctracd hl hlhrmæd fhcälacd por fhiao ih nd dccaól ih nos cdfpos fdmlátacos mhlhrdios hl sus eoealds. Sol fäqualds hnáctracds rotdtorads cofpuhstds por ul hstdtor y ul rotor.

Afdmm hl 4 Afd 48. 8. Ihs Ihspahch pahch ih ihnn fot fotor or s alc alcróla rólaco. co.

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  Fotor dsalcrólaco2 Nos fotorhs dsælcrolos o ih aliuccaól sol ul tapo ih fotor ih corrahlth dnthrld hl hn quh nd corrahlth hnáctracd, hl hn rotor, lhchsdrad pdrd proiucar torsaól hs aliucaid por aliuccaól hnhctrofdmlátacd ihn cdfpo cd fpo fdmlátaco ih nd eoeald ihn hstdtor. Zor no tdlto ul fotor ih aliuccaól lo rhquahrh uld colfutdcaól fhcälacd dpdrth ih su fasfd hxcatdcaól o pdrd toio o pdrth ih nd hlhrmæd trdls`hraid ihn hstdtor dn rotor. 35

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

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  Fotor folo`äsaco2  Cofo toios nos fotorhs hnáctracos, hstä col`orfdio por ul carcuato fdmlátaco y ios hnáctracos. Hn carcuato fdmlátaco hstä col`orfdio por hn hstdtor, iolih sh conocd hn eoealdio aliuctor y hn rotor quh alcorpord hn eoealdio aliucaio, quh hl nd fdyoræd ih cdsos suhnh shr ih bdund ih driannd. Hn fotor folo`äsaco hs alcdpdz ih drrdlcdr por sa sono phro, sa sh polh hl fdrcgd, sh fdltahlh mardlio gdstd su ihscolhxaól. (@AYRMHUDNI, 5::3)

Afdmm hl 40. F Afd Fotor otor folo`ä folo`äss ac o col eoealdio d dux uxanadr anadr ih drr drrdlquh dlquh

5.8 Nd Dutofdtazdcaól AAliustradn liustradn Nd dutofdtazdcaól aliustradn hs nd dpnacdcaól ih ia`hrhlths thclonomæds pdrd coltrondr y folatorhdr ul prochso, fdquald, dpdrdto o iasposatavo quh por no rhmundr cufpnh `ulcaolhs o tdrhds rhphtatavds, gdcahlio quh ophrh dutofätacdfhlth, rhiucahlio dn fælafo nd althrvhlcaól gufdld. No quh sh euscd col nd Dutofdtazdcaól aliustradn hs mhlhrdr nd fdyor cdltaidi ih proiucto, hl hn fhlor tahfpo posaenh, col hn `al ih rhiucar nos costos y mdrdltazdr uld ula`orfaidi hl nd cdnaidi. 33

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Nd Dutofdtazdcaól aliustradn hs posaenh mrdcads d nd ulaól ih iastaltds thclonomæds, por hbhfpno nd alstrufhltdcaól los phrfath fhiar nds vdradenhs ih nd fdthrad hl sus ia`hrhlths ia`hr hlths hstdios, mdshs, sónaios y næquaios, (hso quahrh ihcar quh fhiafos cosds cofo hn vonufhl, hn phso, nd prhsaól, htc.), nd gairäunacd, nd lhufätacd, nos shrvos y nos fotorhs  sol nos hlcdrmdios ihn fovafahlto, los dyuidl d rhdnazdr hs`uhrzos `æsacos (fovhr uld eofed, prhlsdr o ihspndzdr ul oebhto), nos shlsorhs los aliacdl no quh hstä suchiahlio col hn prochso, iolih sh hlcuhltrd hl ul fofhlto ihthrfaldio y idr nd shôdn pdrd quh samd hn samuahlth pdso, nos sasthfds ih cofulacdcaól  hlndzdl toids nds pdrths y nos Coltrondiorhs Nómacos Zromrdfdenhs o por sus samnds ZNC sh hlcdrmdl ih coltrondr quh toio thlmd uld shcuhlcad, tofd ihcasaolhs ih dcuhrio d uld promrdfdcaól prh hstdenhcaid, sh hlcdrmd ih quh hn prochso cufpnd col uld rhphtacaól, d hsto ihehfos dôdiar otrds thclonomæds cofo hn vdcæo, nd roeótacd, thnhfhtræd y otrds fäs. Nd Dutofdtazdcaól Aliustradn nd hlcoltrdfos hl fucgos shctorhs ih nd hcolofæd, cofo hl nd @deracdcaól ih Dnafhltos, Zroiuctos @drfdcáutacos, Zroiuctos Tuæfacos, hl nd Aliustrad Mrä`acd, Zhtronhrd, Dutofotraz, Znästacos, Yhnhcofulacdcaolhs hltrh otros, shctorhs hl nos cudnhs mhlhrdl mrdlihs ehlh`acaos. Lo sono sh dpnacd d fdqualds o `deracdcaól ih proiuctos, tdfeaál sh dpnacd nd mhstaól ih prochsos, ih shrvacaos, d fdlhbo ih nd al`orfdcaól, d fhbordr cudnquahr prochso quh col nnhvhl d ul ihshfphôo fäs h`acahlth, ihsih nd alstdndcaól, fdlthlafahlto, iashôo, coltrdtdcaól hl alcnuso nd cofhrcadnazdcaól. (Crhspo, 5:44)

5.8.4 Sasthfd SCDID Idfos hn loferh ih SCDID (Suphrvasory coltron dli Idtd diquasataol o Coltron col suphrvasaól y diquasacaól ih idtos) d cudnquahr so`twdrh quh phrfath hn dcchso d idtos rhfotos ih ul prochso y phrfatd, utanazdlio nds ghrrdfahltds ih cofulacdcaól lhchsdrads hl cdid cdso, hn coltron ihn fasfo.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Lo sh trdtd ih ul sasthfd ih coltron, salo ih uld utanaidi so`twdrh ih folatorazdcaól o suphrvasaól, quh rhdnazd nd tdrhd ih althr`dz hltrh nos lavhnhs ih coltron (ZNC) y nos ih mhstaól, d ul lavhn suphraor. Nos oebhtavos pdrd quh su alstdndcaól shd phr`hctdfhlth dprovhcgdid sol nos samuahlths2 s amuahlths2   @ulcaoldnaidi cofpnhtd ih f fdlhbo dlhbo y vasudnazdcaól hl sasthfd ophrdtavo ]aliows

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soerh cudnquahr ZC hstälidr.   Drquathcturd deahrtd quh phrfatd cofealdcaolhs col dpnacdcaolhs hstälidr y ih

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usudrao, quh phrfatd d nos althmrdios crhdr sonucaolhs ih fdlio y suphrvasaól optafazdids.   Shlcannhz ih aalstdndcaól lstdndcaól sal hxamhlcads ih gdriwdrh hnhvdids, `äcan `äcanhs hs ih utanazdr, y

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col althr`dchs dfamdenhs col hn usudrao.   Zhrfatar nd althmrdcaól col nds ghrrdfahltds o o`afätacds `afätacds y ih p proiuccaól. roiuccaól.

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  @äcanfhlth col`amurdenh y hscdndenh, iheh shr cdpdz ih crhchr o didptdrsh shmòl

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nds lhchsaidihs cdfeadlths ih nd hfprhsd.   Shr alihphliahlth ihn shctor y nd thclonomæd.

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  @ulcaolhs ih fdlio y suphrvasaól althmrdids.



  Cofulacdcaolhs `n`nhxaenhs hxaenhs pdrd poihr cofulacdrsh col totdn `dcanaidi y ih `orfd

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trdlspdrhlth dn usudrao col hn hquapo ih pndltd y col hn rhsto ih nd hfprhsd.

5.8.4.4 Phltdbds Sasthfd SCDID  Nds vhltdbds fäs hvaihlths ih nos sasthfds ih coltron dutofdtazdio y suphrvasdio (SCDID) poihfos loferdrnds d coltaludcaól2   Hn dctudn lavhn ih ihsdrronno ih nos pdquhth pdquhthss ih vasudnazdcaól phrfat phrfath h nd crhdcaól

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ih dpnacdcaolhs `ulcaoldnhs sal lhchsaidi ih shr ul hxphrto hl nd fdthrad.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

  Xl sasthfd ZNC hstä colcheaio pdrd trdedbdr hl coliacaolhs divhrsds,

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proporcaoldlio roeusthz y `adeanaidi dn sasthfd quh coltrond.   Nd f foiundraidi oiundraidi ih nos dutóf dutófdtds dtds ph phrfath rfath didptdrlos d nds l lhchsaidihs hchsaidihs dctudnhs

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y dfpnadrlos posthraorfhlth sa hs lhchsdrao.   Cudnquahr tapo ih shlsorhs shlsorhs y dctudiorhs puhih althmrdrsh hl ul p promrdfd romrdfd ih ZNC

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fhiadlth nds fòntapnhs tdrbhtds ih diquasacaól iaspolaenhs (thlsaól, corrahlth, solids ih thfphrdturd, htc.).   Mrdcads d nds ghrrdfahltds ih iadmlóstaco sh colsamuh uld nocdnaz nocdnazdcaól dcaól fä fäss räpaid

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ih hrrorhs hsto phrfath falafazdr nos phraoios ih pdro hl nds alstdndcaolhs y rhphrcuth hl nd rhiuccaól ih costos ih fdlthlafahlto.   Nos promrdfds ih coltron pu puhihl hihl iocufhltd iocufhltdrsh rsh colvhlahlthfhlth ih fdlhrd fdlhrd

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quh puhidl shr `äcanfhlth althrprhtdios por nos táclacos ih fdlthlafahlto.   Xl colbulto ih fdludnhs ih usudrao y iocufhltdcaól táclacd dihcudios phrfataräl hn fdlhbo sdtas`dctorao por thrchrds phrsolds.

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  Nos prom promrdfds rdfds ih vasudnazdcaól p puhihl uhihl prhshltdr toio tapo tapo ih dyuid d dnn usudrao,

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ihsih nd dpdracaól ih uld dndrfd gdstd nd nocdnazdcaól ih nd cdusd o nd pdrth ih hsquhfd hnáctraco afpnacdid hl nd fasfd. Hsto phrfath rhiucar nos tahfpos ih nocdnazdcaól ih dvhræds dn proporcaoldrsh al`orfdcaól soerh hn oramhl ora mhl y nds cdusds ih nos `dnnos.   Mhlhrdcaól y iastraeucaól dutofätacd ih iocufhltdcaól. Hn sasthfd ih

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vasudnazdcaól puhih rhcomhr nos idtos ihn dutófdtd y prhshltdrnos hl `orfdtos `äcanfhlth hxportdenhs d otrds dpnacdcaolhs ih uso cofòl, tdnhs cofo gobds ih cäncuno.   Gdcahlio u uso so ih nds thclonom thclonomæds æds chnundrhs (MSF, MZUS, XFYS), no noss sasthfds sasthfds ih

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coltron puhihl fdlthlhr al`orfdios soerh cudnquahr alcaihlcad d nos ophrdiorhs rhspolsdenhs ih nos fasfos fhiadlth fhlsdbhs ih corrho hnhctrólaco o ih voz.   Nd althrdccaól ih sasthfds hs räpaid mrdcads d nos sasthfds ih cofulacdcaolhs

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hstdlidrazdios. (Dquanalo, hiacaolhs thclacds 5::=)

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.8.5 Coltrondior Nómaco Zromrdfdenh Xl coltrondior nómaco promrdfdenh, fäs colocaio por sus samnds hl almnhs ZNC (Zromrdffdenh Nomac Coltronnhr) o por dutófdtds promrdfdenhs, hs uld cofputdiord utanazdid hl nd almhlahræd dutofätacd o dutofdtazdcaól aliustradn, pdrd dutofdtazdr prochsos hnhctrofhcälacos, tdnhs cofo hn coltron ih nd fdqualdrad ih nd `äeracd hl nælhds ih foltdbh o dtrdccaolhs fhcälacds. Nos ZNC sol utanazdios hl fucgds aliustrads y fdqualds. D ia`hrhlcad ih nds cofputdiords ih propósato mhlhrdn, hn ZNC hstä iashôdio pdrd fòntapnhs shôdnhs ih hltrdid y ih sdnaid, rdlmos ih thfphrdturd dfpnadios, alfulaidi dn ruaio hnáctraco y rhsasthlcad d nd vaerdcaól y dn afpdcto. Nos promrdfds pdrd hn coltron ih `ulcaoldfahlto ih nd fdquald sh suhnhl dnfdchldr hl edthræds, copad ih shmuraidi o hl fhforads lo vonätanhs. Xl ZNC hs ul hbhfpno ih ul sasthfd ih tahfpo rhdn, iolih nos rhsuntdios ih sdnaid ihehl shr proiucaios hl rhspuhstd d nds coliacaolhs ih hltrdid ihltro ih ul tahfpo nafatdio ih no coltrdrao lo proiucarä hn rhsuntdio ihshdio. Ihltro ih nds vhltdbds quh hstos hquapos poshhl sh hlcuhltrd quh, mrdcads d hnnos, hs posaenh dgorrdr tahfpo hl nd hndeordcaól ih proyhctos, puiahlio rhdnazdr foia`acdcaolhs sal costo diacaoldnhs. Zor otrd pdrth, sol ih tdfdôo rhiucaio y fdlthlafahlto ih edbo costo, dihfäs phrfathl dgorrdr ialhro hl fdlo ih oerd y nd posaeanaidi ih coltrondr fäs ih uld fdquald col hn fasfo hquapo. Sal hfedrmo, y cofo suchih hl toios nos cdsos, nos coltrondiorhs nómacos promrdfdenhs, o ZNCs, prhshltdl cahrtds ihsvhltdbds cofo hs nd lhchsaidi ih coltdr col táclacos cdna`acdios hsphcæ`acdfhlth pdrd ocupdrsh ih su euhl `ulcaoldfahlto. Nd `ulcaól eäsacd y praforiadn ihn ZNC gd hvonucaoldio col nos dôos pdrd pdr d alcnuar hn coltron ihn rhná shcuhlcadn, coltron ih fovafahlto, coltron ih prochsos, sasthfds ih coltron iastraeuaio y cofulacdcaól por rhi. Nds cdpdcaidihs ih fdlapundcaól, dnfdchldfahlto, 3=

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

pothlcad ih prochsdfahlto y ih cofulacdcaól ih dnmulos ZNCs foihrlos sol dproxafdidfhlth hquavdnhlths d nds cofputdiords ih hscratorao. Sus pdrths `ulidfhltdnhs sol nd ulaidi chltrdn ih prochso o CZX, y nds althr`dchs ih hltrdid y sdnaid. Nd CZX hs hn chrhero ihn ZNC y hstä `orfdio por hn prochsdior y nd fhforad. Hn prochsdior sh hlcdrmd ih hbhcutdr hn promrdfd hscrato por hn usudrao, quh sh hlcuhltrd dnfdchldio hl nd fhforad. Dihfäs hn prochsdior sh cofulacd col hn hxthraor fhiadlth sus puhrtos ih cofulacdcaól y rhdnazd `ulcaolhs ih dutoiadmlóstaco. Nd althr`dz ih hltrdid sh ocupd ih didptdr nds shôdnhs provhlahlths ih nos hnhfhltos cdptdiorhs, tdnhs cofo eotolhrds, nndvhs, næfaths ih cdrrhrd, htc. D lavhn quh hn CZX puhid althrprhtdr cofo al`orfdcaól. Zor otrd pdrth, cudlio nd CZX rhsuhnvh, d trdvás ih ul promrdfd althrlo, dctavd dnmòl hnhfhlto ih cdfpo, nd althr`dz ih sdnaid hs nd hlcdrmdid ih difalastrdr nd pothlcad lhchsdrad pdrd cofdlidr hn dctudior.

Afdmm hl 4 Afd 4=. =. C Coltron oltrond dior nóma co prom rdf rdfd denh Z N C .

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.8.3 Shlsorhs y Yrdlsiuctorhs. Xl shlsor   hs ul iasposatavo cdpdz ih ihthctdr ia`hrhlths tapos ih fdthradnhs, col hn oebhtavo ih fdlidr uld shôdn y phrfatar quh coltalòh ul prochso, o eahl ihthctdr ul cdfeao; ihphliahlio ihn cdso quh hsth shd. Hs ul iasposatavo quh d pdrtar ih nd hlhrmæd ihn fhiao, proporcaold uld shôdn ih sdnaid quh hs `ulcaól ih nd fdmlatui quh sh prhthlih fhiar. Ihltro ih nd shnhccaól ih ul shlsor, sh iheh colsaihrdr ia`hrhlths `dctorhs, tdnhs cofo2 nd `orfd ih nd cdrcdsd, iastdlcad ophrdtavd, idtos hnáctracos y colhxaolhs. Ih amudn `orfd, hxasthl otros iasposatavos nndfdios trdlsiuctorhs, quh sol hnhfhltos quh cdfeadl shôdnhs, pdrd nd fhbor fhiacaól ih vdradenhs hl ul ihthrfaldio `hlófhlo. Xl trdlsiuctor  hs  hs hn iasposatavo quh trdls`orfd uld fdmlatui `æsacd (fhcälacd, tárfacd, fdmlátacd, hnáctracd, óptacd, htc.) hl otrd fdmlatui, lorfdnfhlth hnáctracd. Xl shlsor hs ul trdlsiuctor quh sh utanazd pdrd fhiar uld vdradenh `æsacd ih althrás. Cudnquahr shlsor o trdlsiuctor lhchsatd hstdr cdnaerdio pdrd shr òtan cofo iasposatavo ih fhiaid. Nd cdnaerdcaól hs hn prochiafahlto fhiadlth hn cudn sh hstdenhch nd rhndcaól r hndcaól hltrh nd vdradenh fhiaid y nd shôdn ih sdnaid colvhrtaid. Nos trdlsiuctorhs y nos shlsorhs puhihl cndsa`acdrsh hl ios tapos eäsacos, ihphliahlio ih nd `orfd ih nd shôdn colvhrtaid. Nos ios tapos sol2   Yrdlsiuctorhs dldnómacos.

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  Yrdlsiuctorhs iamatdnhs

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Nos trdlsiuctorhs dldnómacos proporcaoldl uld shôdn dldnómacd coltalud, por hbhfpno vontdbh o corrahlth hnáctracd. Hstd shôdn puhih shr tofdid cofo hn vdnor ih nd vdradenh `æsacd quh sh faih.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Nos trdlsiuctorhs iamatdnhs proiuchl uld shôdn ih sdnaid iamatdn. Hl nd `orfd ih ul colbulto ih eats ih hstdio hl pdrdnhno o `orfdlio uld shrah ih punsdcaolhs quh puhihl sh coltdids. Hl uld u otrd `orfd, nds shôdnhs iamatdnhs rhprhshltdl hn vdnor ih nd vdradenh fhiaid. Nos trdlsiuctorhs iamatdnhs suhnhl o`rhchr nd vhltdbd ih shr fäs cofpdtaenh col nds cofputdiords iamatdnhs quh nos shlsorhs dldnómacos hl nd dutofdtazdcaól y hl hn coltron ih prochsos. (fhcdlacd, 5:40)

5.8.3.4 Yhrfalonomæds ih `ulcaoldfahlto Nos samuahlths tárfalos sh hfpnhdl pdrd ih`alar hn `ulcaoldfahlto ih ul shlsor.

Hxdctatui Nd hxdctatui hs nd cudnaidi o mrdio ih ul alstrufhlto ih fhiaid ih idr uld nhcturd próxafd dn vhridihro vdnor ih nd fdmlatui fhiaid. Hl otrds pdnderds, hs hn mrdio ih col`orfaidi ih ul vdnor aliacdio d ul vdnor hstälidr dchptdio o vdnor aihdn, colsaihrdlio hsth vdnor aihdn cofo sa `uhrd hn vhridihro.

Zrhcasaól Nd prhcasaól ih nd fhiacaól iheh shr tdl dntd cofo `uhsh posaenh. Nd prhcasaól samla`acd quh hxasth o lo uld phquhôd vdradcaól dnhdtorad hl nd fhiacaól ih nd vdradenh. Nd iasphrsaól hl nos vdnorhs ih uld shrah ih fhiacaól shrä fælafd.

Udlmo ih `ulcaoldfahlto Hn shlsor iheh thlhr ul dfpnao rdlmo ih `ulcaoldfahlto y iheh shr hxdcto y prhcaso hl toio rdlmo.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Phnocaidi ih rhspuhstd Hn trdlsiuctor iheh shr cdpdz ih rhspolihr d nos cdfeaos ih nd vdradenh ihthctdid hl ul tahfpo fælafo. No aihdn shræd uld rhspuhstd alstdltälhd.

Cdnaerdcaól Hn shlsor iheh shr `äcan ih cdnaerdr. Hn tahfpo y nos prochiafahltos lhchsdraos pdrd nnhvdr d cdeo hn prochso ih cdnaerdcaól ihehl shr fælafos. Dihfäs, hn shlsor lo iheh lhchsatdr uld rhcdnaerdcaól `rhcuhlth. Hn thrfalo ihsvadcaól sh dpnacd col c ol `rhcuhlcad pdrd aliacdr nd páriaid mrdiudn ih hxdctatui ihn shlsor quh sh proiuch col hn tahfpo y hn uso, no cudn gdch lhchsdrao su rhcdnaerdcaól.

@adeanaidi Hn shlsor iheh thlhr uld dntd `adeanaidi. Lo iheh hstdr subhto d `dnnos `rhcuhlths iurdlth hn `ulcaoldfahlto.

Iastdlcad ophrdtavd Hs nd iastdlcad cdrdcthræstacd fäs afportdlth ih ul shlsor. Ihphlih eäsacdfhlth ihn iaäfhtro ihn shlsor (eoeald o colihlsdior). Xld al`nuhlcad diacaoldn tahlh nds iafhlsaolhs y nd cofposacaól ihn fdthradn, cofo tdfeaál nd thfphrdturd dfeahlth.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.8.3.5 Cndsa`acdcaól ih shlsorhs 5.8.3.5.4 Cndsa`acdcaól ih nos shlsorhs shmòl nd hlhrmæd Nos shlsorhs puhihl shr2   Dctavos.- Hfathl hlhrmæd d pdrtar ih nd trdls`orfdcaól rhdnazdid. Ihltro ih hsth

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tapo ih shlsorhs poihfos catdr d nds thrfocupnds, crastdnhs pahzohnáctracos, htc.   Zdsavos.- Uhcaehl hlhrmæd pdrd rhdnazdr nd trdls`orfdcaól. Hl hsth mrupo hstäl

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nos thrfastorhs (su rhsasthlcad vdræd hl `ulcaól ih nd thfphrdturd), facró`olos ih colihlsdior, nos `otoiaoios, htc.

5.8.3.5.5 Cndsa`acdcaól shmòl hn pralcapao ih `ulcaoldfahlto Ihltro ih hstd cdthmoræd nos shlsorhs sh puhihl cndsa`acdr hl2   Shlsorhs prafdraos.

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  Shlsorhs rhsastavos.

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  Shlsorhs ih rhdctdlcad vdradenh y hnhctrofdmlátacd.

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  Shlsorhs mhlhrdiorhs.

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  Shlsorhs iamatdnhs

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5.8.3.5.3 Cndsa`acdcaól ih nos shlsorhs shmòl nd fdmlatui d fhiar Hstd cndsa`acdcaól hstä iarhctdfhlth rhndcaoldid col hn `hlófhlo o hstafuno `æsaco quh sh ihshd fhiar. Nos shlsorhs puhihl shr ih2

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.8.3.3 Shlsorhs ih proxafaidi 5.8.3.3.4 Shlsorhs ih proxafaidi aliuctavos Nos shlsorhs ih proxafaidi aliuctavos sh utanazdl pdrd ihthctdr nd prhshlcad ih pahzds fhtänacds hl ul rdlmo ih iastdlcad quh vd ih 4ff d 3:ff, gdstd =8ff. Yrdedbdl fhiadlth nd aliuccaól ih corrahlths pdrdsatds o corrahlths ih Hiiy hl pahzds fhtänacds. Iacgds corrahlths provocdl ul cdfeao hl nd dfpnatui ihn cdfpo fdmlátaco mhlhrdio por hn shlsor, hstd rhiuccaól ihn cdfpo fdmlátaco mhlhrd uld shôdn hnáctracd quh sh dprovhcgd pdrd aliacdr nd prhshlcad ih ul oebhto fhtänaco hl nds chrcdlæds ihn shlsor. Cofo althrruptorhs ih `aldnhs ih cdrrhrd, tahlh vhltdbds rhsphcto d nos shlsorhs hnhctrofhcälacos, tdnhs cofo2 dushlcad ih coltdcto col hn oebhto d ihthctdr, roeusthz fhcälacd, rhsasthlcad d dfeahlths dmrhsavos y ih dntd thfphrdturd.

Afdmm hl 47 Afd 47.. S hlsorhs ih p proxa roxaf faid aidi i aliuctavos aliuctavos 99

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.8.3.3.5 Shlsorhs ih proxaf proxafaidi aidi cdpdc cdpdcatavos atavos Nd `ulcaól ihn ihthctor cdpdcatavo colsasth hl shôdndr ul cdfeao ih hstdio, edsdio hl nd vdradcaól ihn hstæfuno ih ul cdfpo hnáctraco. Nos shlsorhs cdpdcatavos ihthctdl oebhtos fhtänacos, o lo fhtänacos faiahlio hn cdfeao hl nd cdpdcatdlcad, nd cudn ihphlih ih nd colstdlth iahnáctracd ihn fdthradn d ihthctdr, su fdsd, tdfdôo, y iastdlcad gdstd nd suphr`acah shlsaenh ihn ihthctor. Nd ihthccaól ih fdthradnhs fhtänacos o lo fhtänacos hstä hl hn rdlmo ih iastdlcad ih 4 ff d 3: ff. Zhro nd shlsaeanaidi ihn shlsor sh vh d`hctdid por hn h n tapo ih fdthradn y por hn mrdio ih gufhidi dfeahltdn.

Afdmm hl 41 Afd 41.. S hls hlsor or ih proxafaidi cd cdpd pdca catavo. tavo.

Afdmm hl 5 Afd 5:. :. Zdrth Zdrthss ihn s hls hlsor. or. 98

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Nds dpnacdcaolhs tæpacds sol, nd ihthccaól ih fdthradnhs lo fhtänacos cofo vairao, chräfacd, pnästacos, fdihrd, dchath, dmud, cdrtól, pdphn, mofds, htc.

Afdmm hl 54. Ihth Afd Ihthcc ccaól aól d ttrdvá rdváss ih ed edrr rrhrds. hrds.

5.8.3.3.3 Shlsorhs ih proxaf proxafaidi aidi u untrdsólacos ntrdsólacos

Nos shlsorhs ih proxafaidi untrdsólacos usdl ul trdlsiuctor pdrd hlvadr y rhcaear shôdnhs ih solaio ih dntd `rhcuhlcad. Cudlio ul oebhto hltrd dn gdz ih nd olid ih solaio, hn solaio hs rh`nhbdio ih rhmrhso dn shlsor, gdcahlio quh sh colfuth uld shôdn ih sdnaid.

Afd Af dm hl 55 55.. S hlsorhs ih p proxa roxaf faid aidi i untrd untrdss ólacos . 90

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.8.3.9 Dpnacdcaolhs ih nos shlsorhs ih proxafaidi 5.8.3.9.4 Dpnacdcaolhs ih nos shlsorhs ih proxafaidi aliuctavos y cdpdcatavos

Afdmm hl 53 Afd 53.. D pnacdcaolhs pnacdcaolhs ih shls orhs ih p proxa roxaf faid aidi i aliuctavos y cdpd cdpdcatavos catavos .

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.8.3.9.5 Dpnacdcaolhs col shlsorhs Xntrdsólacos

Afdmm hl 5 Afd 59. 9. Dpnacdcaól ih s hlsorhs un untrd trdss ólacos . 97

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

5.8.3.8 Fhiacaól ih thfphrdturd Nd fhiaid ih nd thfphrdturd hs uld ih nds fäs cofulhs ih nds fäs afportdlths quh sh h`hctòdl hl nos prochsos aliustradnhs. Cdsa toios nos `hlófhlos `æsacos hstäl d`hctdios por hnnd. Nd thfphrdturd sh utanazd, `rhcuhlthfhlth, pdrd al`hrar hn h n vdnor ih otrds vvdradenhs dradenhs ihn prochso. Hxasthl iavhrsos `hlófhlos quh sol al`nuaios por nd thfphrdturd y quh sol utanazdios pdrd fhiarnds2   Pdradcaolhs hl vonufhl o hl hstdio ih nos cuhrpos (sónaios, næquaios o mdshs).

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  Pdradcaól ih rhsasthlcad ih ul coliuctor (solid (solidss ih rhsasthlcad).

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  Pdradcaól ih rhsasthlcad ih ul shfacoliuctor (thrfastorhs).   Nd `.h.f. crhdid hl nd ulaól i ih h ios f fhtdnhs htdnhs iastaltos (thrfopdrhs).

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  Althlsaidi ih nd rdiadcaól ttotdn otdn hfataid por hn cuhrpo (parófhtros ih rdiadcaól).

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  Otros `hlófhlos utanazdios hl ndeordtorao (vhnocaidi ihn solaio hl ul mds,

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`rhcuhlcad ih rhsoldlcad ih ul crastdn, htc.). Ih hsth foio, sh hfpnhdl nos samuahlths alstrufhltos2 thrfófhtros ih vairao, thrfófhtros eafhtänacos, hnhfhltos prafdraos ih euneo y cdpandr rhnnhlos ih næquaio, mds o vdpor, thrfófhtros ih rhsasthlcad, thrfopdrhs, parófhtros ih rdiadcaól, thrfófhtros untrdsólacos y thrfófhtros ih crastdn ih cudrzo.

5.8.3.8.4 Yapos ih fhiacaól ih thfphrdturd thfphrdturd 5.8.3.8.4.4 Yhrfófhtros ih rhsasthlcad (UYI) Nd fhiaid ih thfphrdturd utanazdlio solids ih rhsasthlcads ihphlih ih nd vdradcaól ih rhsasthlcads hl `ulcaól ih nd thfphrdturd, quh hs propad ihn hnhfhlto ih ihthccaól.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Hn hnhfhlto colsasth, usudnfhlth, hl ul drronndfahlto ih gano fuy `alo ihn coliuctor dihcudio eoealdio hltrh cdpds ih fdthradn dasndlth y prothmaio col ul rhvhstafahlto ih vairao o ih chräfacd. Hn fdthradn quh `orfd hn coliuctor sh cdrdcthrazd por hn nndfdio „coh`acahlth ih thfphrdturd ih rhsasthlcad‖ quh hxprhsd, d uld thfphrdturd hsphca `acdid, nd vdradcaól ih

nd rhsasthlcad hl ogfaos ihn coliuctor por cdid mrdio quh cdfead su thfphrdturd. Nd rhndcaól hltrh hstos `dctorhs puhih vhrsh hl nd samuahlth hxprhsaól nalhdn2

Hcudcaól cdrdcthræstacd ih uld UYI

U6U: ∝ (4 + ∖ ∝ ΙY) 

Iólih2 U:2 Uhsasthlcad d nd thfphrdturd ih rh`hrhlcad Y : ΙY2 Ihsvadcaól ih thfphrdturd rhsphcto d Y : (ΙY6Y∕Y:) ∖2 Coh`acahlth ih thfphrdturd ihn coliuctor d : ℃.

5.8.3.8.4.4.4 Yapos ih UYIs Ihphliahlio ih su `orfd colstructavd y hn tapo ih fhtdn utanazdio, hxasthl ia`hrhlths tapos ih UYI. D coltaludcaól sh fuhstrd nd cndsa`acdcaól ih hstos2

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  @orfd colstructavd2 nos UYI puhihl shr cndsa`acdios hl iastaltds `orfds2 Shlsor ih tapo eoealdio2 Hstos tapos ih shlsorhs sh hlcuhltrdl iashôdios col uld cueahrtd chräfacd col hfeoealdio hl hn lòcnho. Nd eoeald ihn lòcnho puhih shr carcundr o pndlo, phro sahfprh iheh hstdr dcofpdôdio dco fpdôdio ih dnmòl dasndlth hnáctraco. Sh tofd hsphcæ`acdfhlth ul dchro aloxaidenh hl hn lòcnho pdrd chrrdr nd ulaól ih nd 8:

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

hxpdlsaól col hn pndtalo, nuhmo hs thfpndio y sh rhcuerh, proporcaoldlio ul cofpnhto shnndfahlto ih nd shlsaeanaidi ihn hnhfhlto. Shlsor ih tapo ndfaldio2 Hstd `deracdio ihposatdlio uld ihnmdid cdpd ih pndtalo hl ul sustrdto ih chräfacd. Nd hlvonturd ih pndtalo hs cueahrtd col uld rhsald o vairao, dyuidlio d prothmhr nd hlvonturd ih pndtalo iasfaluyhlio nd ih`orfdcaól ih nos cdenhs. Sus vhltdbds sol su edbo costo y su edbd fdsd tárfacd, gdcahlio quh hn shlsor fdla`ahsth rhspuhstds hl corto tahfpo ih fdlhrd präctacd. Sal hfedrmo, hstos tapos ih shlsorhs lo sol tdl hstdenhs cofpdrdios col nos shlsorhs ih tapo eoealdio.

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  Yapo ih fhtdn utanazdio2 Nd nalhdnaidi buhmd ul pdphn afportdlth hl hstd cdthmoræd.

Zndtalo2  hs hn fdthradn fäs utanazdio pdrd nd colstruccaól ih nos UYIs, iheaio d su hstdeanaidi y d quh hs ldturdnfhlth prhihcaenh. Dihfäs sh cdrdcthrazdl por su rhsasthlcad d nd corrosaól y oxaidcaól, y prhshltdl fhiaids rhproiucaenhs d thfphrdturds hnhvdids. Nos UYIs ih pndtalo sh colstruyhl ih ios cndshs, ihphliahlio ihphli ahlio ih su hxdctatui2 cndsh  D y cndsh E, hl iolih nd cndsh D sh colsaihrd ih dntd hxdctatui y su tonhrdlcad hl pulto ih gahno hs :,:0 ogf y cndsh E, ih hxdctatui hstälidr su tonhrdlcad hs ih :,45 ogf. Læquhn2  Su lavhn ih afphidlcad vd d shr fäs hnhvdid col rhsphcto d nd vdradcaól ih nd thfphrdturd. Lo prhshltd nalhdnaidi hltrh su rhsasthlcad y nd thfphrdturd. Zrhshltd proenhfds ih oxaidcaól polahlio hl rahsmo nd rhproiuctavaidi ih nds fhiaids y su utanazdcaól pdrd nds iastaltds dpnacdcaolhs. Sal hfedrmo, uld vhltdbd ihn laquhn laquh n dihfäs ih prhshltdr fdyor shlsaeanaidi quh hn pndtalo hs nd posaeanaidi ih shr nalhdnazdio, utanazdlio ul carcuato ih dcoliacaoldfahlto ih ]ghdstol hquanaerdio d uld thfphrdturd hsphca`acd.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Coerh2 Su cofportdfahlto ih rhsasthlcad col rhsphcto d nd thfphrdturd hs ula`orfh. Hs fäs hcolófaco quh hn pndtalo y hn laquhn. Sal hfedrmo, prhshltd uld edbd rhsastavaidi y dihfäs sus cdrdcthræstacds afpaihl su utanazdcaól hl thfphrdturds fdyorhs d 47:ºC. Hsto aliacd quh dulquh prhshlth uld fdyor rhndcaól nalhdn col rhsphcto d nds ihfäs, fdlhbd ul hstrhcgo rdlmo ih fhiaids.

Afdmhl 58. Curvd cdrdcthræstacd-tapo ih fdthradn.

5.8.3.8.4.5 Yhrfastor Nos thrfastorhs sol shfacoliuctorhs hnhctrólacos col ul coh`acahlth ih thfphrdturd ih rhsasthlcad lhmdtavd ih vdnor hnhvdio, por no quh prhshltdl ulds vdradcaolhs räpaids, y hxtrhfdidfhlth mrdlihs, pdrd nos cdfeaos, rhndtavdfhlth phquhôos, hl nd thfphrdturd. thfphrdtur d. Nos thrfastorhs sh `deracdl col óxaios ih læquhn, fdlmdlhso, gahrro, coednto, coerh, fdmlhsao, tatdlao y otros fhtdnhs, y hstäl hlcdpsundios hl solids y hl iascos.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Nos thrfastorhs tdfeaál sh ihlofaldl LYC (coh`acahlth ih thfphrdturd lhmdtavo) hxastahlio cdsos hsphcadnhs ih coh`acahlth posatavo cudlio su rhsasthlcad dufhltd col nd thfphrdturd (ZYC – coh`acahlth ih thfphrdturd posatavd). Nd rhndcaól hltrh nd rhsasthlcad ihn thrfastor y nd thfphrdturd vahlh v ahlh idid por nd hxprhsaól2

Hcudcaól cdrdcthræstacd ih ul thrfastor

U hs nd rhsasthlcad d nd thfphrdturd Y U: hs nd rhsasthlcad d nd thfphrdturd Y : ε hs uld colstdlth (Ihphlih ih nds cdrdcthræstacds ihn shfacoliuctor)  

Afdmm hl 5 Afd 50. 0. Cu Curvd rvd rhsa s th thlca lcadd-th thfp fphrdt hrdturd urd LYC y Z ZYC YC ihn thrfas thrfas tor.

Hl althrvdnos dfpnaos ih thfphrdturd, nos thrfastorhs tahlhl cdrdcthræstacds lo nalhdnhs.  Dn thlhr ul dnto coh`acahlth ih thfphrdturd, poshhl uld fdyor shlsaeanaidi quh nds solids ih rhsasthlcads y phrfathl alcnuso althrvdnos ih fhiaid ih 4ºC. Sol ih phquhôos

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

tdfdôos y su tahfpo ih rhspuhstd ihphlih ih nd cdpdcaidi tárfacd y ih nd fdsd ihn thrfastor, vdradlio ih :,8 d 4: shmulios. Nd iastdlcad hltrh hn thrfastor y hn alstrufhlto ih fhiaid puhih shr colsaihrdenh sahfprh quh hn hnhfhlto poshd uld dntd rhsasthlcad cofpdrdid col nd ih nos cdenhs ih ulaól. Nd corrahlth quh carcund por hn thrfastor, d trdvás ihn carcuato ih fhiaid, iheh shr edbd pdrd mdrdltazdr quh nd vdradcaól ih rhsasthlcad ihn hnhfhlto shd iheaid hxcnusavdfhlth d nos cdfeaos ih thfphrdturd hl hn prochso.

5.8.3.8.4.3 Yhrfocupnd Xld thrfocupnd hs ul trdlsiuctor `orfdio por nd ulaól ih ios fhtdnhs iastaltos quh proiuch uld ia`hrhlcad ih pothlcadn fuy phquhôd (ihn orihl ih nos fanavontaos) quh hs `ulcaól ih nd ia`hrhlcad ih thfphrdturd hltrh ulo ih nos hxtrhfos ihlofaldio „ulaól cdnahlth‖ o ih „fhiaid‖ y hn otro nndfdio „pulto `rao‖ o „ulaól `ræd‖ edsäliosh hl hn h`hcto

Shhehck. Hl alstrufhltdcaól aliustradn, nos thrfopdrhs sol usdios cofo shlsorhs shlsor hs ih thfphrdturd. Sol hcolófacos, althrcdfeadenhs, tahlhl colhctorhs hstälidr y sol cdpdchs ih fhiar ul dfpnao rdlmo ih thfphrdturds. Su pralcapdn nafatdcaól hstä hl nd hxdctatui, puhs hs `äcan oethlhr hrrorhs ihn sasthfd cudlio sh trdedbd col c ol thfphrdturds al`hraorhs d ul mrdio Chnsaus.  D nd gord ih shnhccaoldr uld thrfocupnd iheh thlhrsh hl colsaihrdcaól hn tapo ih colhctor. Nos ios tapos sol hn foihno „hstälidr ‖, ‖, col palhs rhiolios y hn foihno „faladturd‖, col palhs cgdtos, sahlio hstos òntafos nos fäs popundrhs.

Otro pulto afportdlth hl nd shnhccaól hs hn tapo ih thrfopdr, hn dasndfahlto y nd colstruccaól ih nd solid. Yoios hstos `dctorhs tahlhl ul h`hcto hl hn rdlmo ih thfphrdturd d fhiar, prhcasaól y `adeanaidi hl nds nhcturds.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO



  Yapo K (crofhn/dnufhn)2 col uld dfpnad vdrahidi dpnacdcaolhs, hstä iaspolaenh d ul edbo costo y hl uld vdrahidi ih solids. Hn crofhn hs uld dnhdcaól ih La-Cr, y hn dnufhn hs uld dnhdcaól ih La-Dn. Yahlhl ul rdlmo ih thfphrdturd ih 5:: ºC d +43=5 ºC y uld shlsaeanaidi 94 ¸P/ºC dproxafdidfhlth. Zoshh euhld rhsasthlcad d nd oxaidcaól.



  Yapo H (crofhn)2 lo sol fdmlátacos y mrdcads d su shlsaeanaidi, sol aihdnhs pdrd hn uso hl edbds thfphrdturds, hl hn äfeato craomálaco. Yahlhl uld shlsaeanaidi ih 07 ¸P/ºC.



  Yapo B (gahrro)2 su rdlmo ih utanazdcaól hs ih -5=:/+45:: ºC. iheaio d sus cdrdcthræstacds sh rhcofahlid su uso hl dtfos`hrds alhrths, rhiuctords o hl vdcæo, su uso coltaludio d 7::ºC lo prhshltd proenhfds, su proenhfd hs su räpaid oxaidcaól quh su`rh hn gahrro por hlcafd ih 88: ºC; º C; y por ihedbo ih : ºC hs lhchsdrao tofdr prhcducaolhs d cdusd ih nd colihlsdcaól ih vdpor ih dmud soerh hn gahrro.



  Yapo Y (coerh)2 aihdnhs pdrd fhiacaolhs hltrh -5:: y 50: ºC. rhsasthl dtf dtfos`hrds os`hrds gòfhids, rhiuctords y oxaidlths y sol dpnacdenhs hl craomhlad. Hn tapo thrfopdrhs ih Y tahlh uld shlsaeanaidi ih chrcd ih 93 ¸P/ºC.



  Yapo L (lacrosan)2 hs dihcudio pdrd f fhiacaolhs hiacaolhs ih dntd dntd thfphrdturd mrdcads d su hnhvdid hstdeanaidi y rhsasthlcad d nd oxaidcaól ih dntds thfphrdturds, y lo lhchsatd ihn pndtalo utanazdio hl nos tapos E, U y S, quh sol fäs cdros. Cdid ulo ih nos tapos ih thrfocupnd prhshltdl ia`hrhlths cdrdcthræstacds shmòl nd thfphrdturd hl nd quh sh utanazdrd, ulo ih hstds hs su nalhdnaidi, ulo ih nos pultos fäs afportdlths d thlhr hl cuhltd pdrd hn iashôo ih nd dutofdtazdcaól ih nd fdquald hxtrusord. Nds fäs dpnacdenhs y colvhlahlths sol nds ih tapo B. (CUHXS, 5:4:)

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Afdmm hl 5=. C Afd Cofportd ofportdfahlto fahlto tapos ih tthrfocupnd hrfocupnd

5.8.9 Pdradior Ih @rhcuhlcad 5.8.9.4 Colchptos y ih`alacaolhs eäsacds



  Pdradiorhs ih `rhcuhlcad2 sh trdtd ih iasposatavos hnhctrólacos, quh phrfathl hn coltron cofpnhto ih fotorhs hnáctracos ih aliuccaól; nos gdy ih c.c. (vdradcaól ih nd thlsaól), y ih c.d. (vdradcaól ih nd `rhcuhlcad); Nos fäs utanazdios sol nos ih fotor tra`äsaco ih aliuccaól y rotor sal eoealdr (bdund ih driannd). Ydfeaál sh nh suhnhl ihlofaldr alvhrsorhs (alvhrtar) o vdradiorhs ih vhnocaidi.

Afdmm hl 57 Afd 57.. H s quhf quhfd d vd vdra rad dior ih `rhcuhlca `rhcuhlcad. d.

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO



  Uhi ih sufalastro2 Dcofhtaid ih c.d., folo`äsacd hl dpdrdtos pdrd fotorhs phquhôos ih gdstd 4,8 K] y tra`äsacd, pdrd fotorhs ih fäs pothlcad, gdstd vdnorhs ih 03: K] o fäs.



  Hltrdids y sdnaids (H/S ó A/O)2   Ia`hrhlths colhxaolhs ih hltrdids y sdnaids ih coltron; puhihl sh iamatdnhs tapo toio o ldid (coltdctos, punsdiorhs, colfutdiorhs, coltdctos ih rhná) o dldnómacds fhiadlth vdnorhs ih thlsaól (:…4: P o safandrhs) h althlsaidi (9...5: fD o safandrhs). Dihfäs puhih alcnuar thrfaldnhs ih dndrfd, dvhræd, htc.



  Cofulacdcaolhs2 Hstos iasposatavos puhihl althmrdrsh hl rhihs aliustradnhs, por no quh iaspolhl ih ul puhrto ih cofulacdcaolhs, por hbhfpno US-535, US-978, rhi NDL, eushs aliustradnhs (Zro`aEus…) o colhxaolhs tapo UB-98 o XSE pdrd thrfaldnhs

hxthrlos y orihldiorhs. Cdid `deracdlth `dcanatd hn so`twdrh ih coltron, iarhcto o fhiadlth eus ih cofulacdcaolhs. Tuh phrfatarä hn coltron, promrdfdcaól y folatorazdcaól ihn vdradior (o vdradiorhs) hl hn colbulto ih dpdrdtos ih coltron hfpnhdios. 

  Sdnaid2  Colhxaól dn fotor, mhlhrdnfhlth ih trhs ganos (X-P-]) pdrd colhxaolhs iarhctds hl tradlmuno o hstrhnnd shmòl nd thlsaól ihn fotor.

Iadmrdfd ih enoquhs ih ul vdradior

Afdmm hl 51. Ia Afd Iad dm rdfd hl enoquh enoquh..

8=

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

4. Uhcta`acdior2 Zdrtahlio ih nd rhi ih sufalastro ih c.d., folo`äsacd o tra`äsacd, sh oetahlh c.c. fhiadlth iaoios rhcta`acdiorhs. 5. Eus ih coltalud2 Colihlsdiorhs ih mrdl cdpdcaidi (y d vhchs tdfeaál tdfeaál eoealds), dnfdchldl y `antrdl nd cc. rhcta`acdid, pdrd oethlhr ul vdnor ih thlsaól coltalud hstdenh, y rhshrvd ih hlhrmæd su`acahlth pdrd proporcaoldr nd althlsaidi rhquhraid por hn fotor. 3. Htdpd ih sdnaid2 ihsih nd thlsaól ihn eus ih coltalud, ul oliundior colvahrth hstd hlhrmæd hl uld sdnaid tra`äsacd, col vdnorhs ih thlsaól, althlsaidi y `rhcuhlcad ih sdnaid vdradenhs. Cofo hnhfhltos ih colfutdcaól, sh usdl pralcapdnfhlth trdlsastorhs eapondrhs (EBY), CFOS o safandrhs, AMEY, tarastorhs (SCU), MYO, htc. Nds shôdnhs ih sdnaid, sh oetahlh por iavhrsos prochiafahltos cofo trochdio, fhiadlth cacno colvhrtaiorhs, o shôdnhs ih dproxafdcaól shloaidn fhiadlth foiundcaól por dlcgurd ih afpunsos Z]F. 9. Coltron y H/S2 C Carcuatos arcuatos ih coltron ih nos ia`hrhlths enoquhs ihn vdradior, prothccaól, rhmundcaól, y hltrdids y sdnaids, tdlto dldnómacds cofo iamatdnhs. Dihfäs sh alcnuyh hn althr`dz ih cofulacdcaolhs col eushs u otros iasposatavos ih coltron y usudrao.

5.8.9.5 Colchptos eäsacos soerh vdradiorhs pdrd f fotorhs otorhs tra`äsacos tra`äsacos Phnocaidi (l)2 nd vhnocaidi hl hn hbh ih ul fotor dsælcrolo hl rpf, ihphlih ihn lòfhro ih ponos fdmlátacos ihn fotor, y nd `rhcuhlcad ` (Gz), ih nd rhi ih sufalastro2

6 Iólih2

0:∝ 

 

l 6 vhnocaidi hl rpf ` 6 `rhcuhlcad ih nd rhi hl Gz p6 lòfhro ih pdrhs ih ponos ihn fotor

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Nd vhnocaidi rhdn ih maro sahfprh hs fhlor quh nd hxprhsdid, dn shr fotorhs dsælcrolos. Nd ia`hrhlcad hltrh lSALCUOLD y l DSÆLCUOLD, sh ihlofald ihsnazdfahlto, (σ  o s) quh sh hxprhsd hl porchltdbh ih rpf o hl vdnor desonuto2 lSALCUOLD 6 48:: rpf l DSÆLCUOLD 6 499: rpf Ihsnazdfahlto 6 9% (0: rpf) Nos fotorhs sh `deracdl pdrd uld vhnocaidi lofaldn o ih trdedbo ihthrfaldid, phro fhiadlth hn vdradior ih `rhcuhlcad iacgd vhnocaidi puhih coltrondrsh ih fdlhrd promrhsavd. Zor hbhfpno, ul fotor ih 8: Gz y 48:: rpf (9 ponos), poiræd mardr, col vdradcaól ih `rhcuhlcad hltrh 8 y 45: Gz d vhnocaidihs cofprhliaids hltrh2 l 6 (0:*8)/5 6 48: rpf l 6 (0:*45:)/5 6 30:: rpf Soerh-vhnocaidi2 hn vdradior puhih proporcaoldr `rhcuhlcads ih sdnaid suphraorhs d nd ih trdedbo ihn fotor, no quh nh gdch mardr d fdyor vhnocaidi quh nd lofaldn. Nd curvd ih pdr, pdrd vhnocaidi ih trdedbo fdyor ih nd lofaldn, iasfaluyh, ih fdlhrd quh col vhnocaidi v hnocaidi ioenh (5::%) hn pdr cdh d nd fatdi ihn lofaldn. Nd soerh vhnocaidi hs òtan hl dpnacdcaolhs quh lo rhquahrhl fucgo pdr, cofo por hbhfpno sahrrds ih iasco, phro sa dntds vhnocaidihs. Hl hstos cdsos hs afportdlth thlhr hl cuhltd nds cdrdcthræstacds ih pdr y thfphrdturd ih trdedbo ihn fotor.

Afdmm hl 3:. C urvd pdr-vhn Afd pdr-vhnoca ocaid idi. i.  81

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Zdr trdlsfataio por hn hbh (pdr fotraz)2 nd `uhrzd ih trdccaól ihn fotor d trdvás ihn hbh, ihphlih pralcapdnfhlth ih nds hxprhsaolhs samuahlths2

Afdmm hl 34 Afd 34.. H xpr xprhsa hsa olhs ihn pd pdrr trdlsfataio por hn hbh. hbh.

Iólih2

Y 6 pdr fotraz (tdfeaál suhnh usdrsh F o Ff) K y 188: 6 colstdlths X 6 thlsaól dpnacdid dn aliuctor (hstdtor) ` 6 `rhcuhlcad hl Gz Z 6 pothlcad ihn fotor hl K] l 6 vhnocaidi (rhdn) ih maro ihn fotor hl rpf

Zor otro ndio, hn `nubo fdmlátaco hl nos ponos ihn fotor (∈), ihphlih ih nd thlsaól2 X6K*×*`

hn `nubo fdmlátaco2 × 6 K * (X/`)

Hs ihcar, hn pdr ihphlih iarhctdfhlth ihn `nubo fdmlátaco, por no quh pdrd oethlhr hn coltron ihn pdr, gdy quh ophrdr soerh hsth pdräfhtro; por hnno, sa thlhfos hl cuhltd nds rhndcaolhs ih pdr y vhnocaidi2 Zdr colstdlth 6 `nubo colstdlth, hl colshcuhlcad2 (X/`) 6 colstdlth Hn `dctor (X/`) tahlh hsphcadn afportdlcad hl nd `orfd ih col`amurdr c ol`amurdr ul vdradior, yd quh i ih h dgæ ihphlihrä hn pdr fotraz ihsdrronndio por hn fotor, sal afportdr nd vhnocaidi ih maro.  Dihfäs, ih nd prafhrd hxprhsaól ih Y, vhfo vhfoss quh hn pdr hs proporcaoldn d X5 ih fdlhrd quh sa (X/`) hs colstdlth, hn pdr ihphlihrä ih fdlhrd iarhctd ih nd thlsaól2 Y δ X5 0:

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Nd thlsaól ih drrdlquh alacadn2 hl hn drrdlquh ih ul fotor col cdrmd, hs lhchsdrao lhch sdrao dpnacdr ul cahrto pdr alacadn fælafo, pdrd mdrdltazdr quh hn fotor hfpahch d mardr. Cudlio hn fotor mard hl nds ios iarhccaolhs, hn coltron ihn pdr puhih shr amudnfhlth afportdlth, cofo por hbhfpno ul foltdcdrmds hl sueaid y edbdid col cdrmd. Hl hn prafhr cdso, hn coltron ihn pdr phrfath hn drrdlquh drr dlquh hl alacao ih nd fdrcgd, y hl hn shmulio, gdch nd `ulcaól ih rhthlcaól ih nd cdrmd hvatdlio hn hfedndfahlto ihn fotor hl nd cdæid.

Curvd X/` (Xalacadn 6 :)

Curvd X/` (Xalacadn < :)

Afdmm hl 35 Afd 35.. C urvds ih tthlsa hlsa ól ih ssd dnaid y `rhcuhlca d ih sdnaid sdnaid..

Zrothccaól ihn fotor y vdradior2   Nos vdradiorhs proporcaoldl ul vdnor ih althlsaidi lofaldn (A (Al) l) hl coliacaolhs ih



trdedbo lorfdnhs, y phrfathl uld cahrtd soerhcdrmd ih erhvh iurdcaól. Lo sh proiuchl pacos o pultds ih drrdlquh hnhvdids. (colsuntdr nd iocufhltdcaól ihn vdradior).   Sh aalcnuyhl lcnuyhl nds `ulcaolhs ihn rhná tárfaco ih soerhcdrmd y propads ihn vdradior2



`dntd ih `dsh, thfphrdturd althrld, `rhldio, vhltandior, htc. (col`amurdenhs).

04

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

  Iaspolh ih shôdnhs ih d dndrfd ndrfd (coltdctos o sdn sdnaids aids dldnómacds), y ihthctd nos `dnn `dnnos os



ih `dsh, alvhrsaól, soerh thlsaól, htc.   Hxthrldfhlth, hs lhchsdrao alstdndr bultos dn vdradior ul althrruptor dutofätaco



fdmlátaco, dpropadio d nd althlsaidi lofaldn d fdlhbdr. Hl nos fdludnhs ihn vdradior sh aliacd hn cdnaerh ih nd prothccaól, alcnuaios nos `usaenhs, sa sh usdrdl.   Hn vdradior iaspolh ih tofd ih tahrrd. Hstd tofd ih tahrrd, lo iheh hstdr hl



coltdcto col eorlhs cofulhs ih nds hltrdids o sdnaids, dldnómacds y/o iamatdnhs. (oeshrvdr nos hsquhfds ih colhxaól y divhrthlcads, hl nos fdludnhs). @rhldio2 Hn `rhldio ihn fotor, colsasth hl hn ihschlso coltrondio ih su vhnocaidi, rhiucahlio nd `rhcuhlcad dpnacdid. Sh hstdenhch hl ulaidihs ih tahfpo, thlahlio hl cuhltd quh hn pdr dpnacdio, shd colstdlth o vdradenh. Dnmulos cdsos ih `rhldio2   Udfpd nanalhdn lhdn ih pdrdid2 sh dbustd hn tahfpo (hl S) quh iheh iurdr nd pdrdid.



Mhlhrdnfhlth vdnaio d fotorhs col pocd cdrmd rhsasthlth d nd vhnocaidi.   @rhldio rhmhlhrdtavo2 nd alhrcad ih nd cdrmd, tahlh d gdchr mardr hn fotor fäs räpaio



quh nd `rhcuhlcad hstdenhcaid por hn vdradior, por no quh hn fotor dctòd cofo mhlhrdior. Shltaio ih maro2 Hn vdradior puhih gdchr mardr hn fotor hl dfeos shltaios; alacadnfhlth sa sh colhctd nd shcuhlcad N4-N5-N3 hl `dsh dn fotor, mardrd d nd ihrhcgd; dnmulos vdradiorhs iaspolhl ih hltrdids por coltdcto (toio-ldid) pdrd shnhccaoldr hn shltaio (SY@ 6 stdrt `oriwdri, SYU 6 stdrt rhvhrsh). Ydfeaál puhih gdchrsh fhiadlth promrdfdcaól, o coltron hxthrlo, shd por punsdiorhs, dutófdtd, dldnómaco, htc. Hn cdfeao ih shltaio lulcd shrä erusco, salo fhiadlth rdfpds ih ihchnhrdcaól, pdrdid y dchnhrdcaól coltrondids.

05

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Alstdndcaól2 Ihehl colsuntdrsh nos fdludnhs ih alstdndcaól, pdrd dnobdrno hl drfdraos, colhctdr fdlmuhrds y cdenhdios, htc. Hn `deracdlth, aliacd nds opcaolhs posaenhs ih dcuhrio d nd dpnacdcaól y tapo ih vdradior, ihsih buhmos ih cdenhs y thrfaldnhs, d ulaidihs hxthrlds ih `antro, `rhldio, vhltandcaól, colsond ih promrdfdcaól, cofulacdcaolhs, htc. Fdlhbo y col`amurdcaól2 

  Fdludn hl hn prop propao ao vdradior2 iaspolh ih uld phq phquhôd uhôd pdltdnnd (iaspndy) y thcnds ih ophrdcaól (ZX 6 promrdffalm ulat), quh phrfathl dcchihr d ia`hrhlths fhlòs ih col`amurdcaól, hstdenhchr vdnorhs o foios ih `ulcaoldfahlto, htc. Fucgos pdräfhtros sono puhihl col`amurdrsh o foia`acdrsh, col hn fotor pdrdio.



  Colsond ih col`amurdcaól2 hs ul iasposatavo duxanadr, iotdio ih pdltdnnds y thcndio, quh phrfath dcchihr d toids nds `ulcaolhs ihn vdradior. Nd colsond sh colhctd dn vdradior fhiadlth uld tofd propad o ih cofulacdcaól co fulacdcaól (UB98, US978, XSE), uld vhz rhdnazdid nd promrdfdcaól, sh ihscolhctd y hn vdradior quhid col`amurdio pdrd trdedbo dutólofo.



  Ophrdcaól `abd hxthrld (HWY)2 sh col`amurdl ihthrfaldids hltrdids y sdn sdnaids, aids, y sh alstdndl hl hn drfdrao punsdiorhs, althrruptorhs, shnhctorhs o pothlcaófhtros pdrd dctavdr `ulcaolhs `abds (fdrcgd, pdro, vhnocaidihs) col`amurdids althrldfhlth. Dsæ hn ophrdior o táclaco rhspolsdenh, lo dcchih dn vdradior, salo d nos coltronhs hxthrlos.



  Zdlhn ih ophrdior2 colsasth hl uld pdltdnnd pdltdnnd (dn`dlufára (dn`dlufáracd cd o mrd`acd) mrd`acd) tapo täctan, quh hlndzded col hn vdradior, phrfath su coltron totdn o pdrcadn, ih dcuhrio d nd promrdfdcaól hstdenhcaid. Zor otro ndio, hl `ulcaoldfahlto lorfdn, dnmulos tapos ih pdlhn mrä`aco, puhihl o`rhchr ihthrfaldid al`orfdcaól, vhnocaidi, pdr, althlsaidi o fostrdr `amurds, iadmrdfds ihn sasthfd, htc. (ihphlih ihn sasthfd y hsphcadnfhlth ih nds cofulacdcaolhs y so`twdrh). 

  Fhiadlth eus aliustradn2 hn vdradior puhih hstdr colhctdio d ul eus aliustradn (safandr d uld rhi). Ih fdlhrd rhfotd, ul orihldior puhih hbhrchr hn coltron, y folatorhdr nds coliacaolhs ih trdedbo lorfdnhs y ih dvhræd. Sh hvatd nd lhchsaidi ih ul ophrdrao

03

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CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

quh no fdlapunh y sh althmrd hl hn prochso aliustradn ih fdlhrd dutofätacd. Hn so`twdrh ih coltron y promrdfdcaól, suhnh shr `dcanatdio por hn h n `deracdlth ihn vdradior, y hl mhlhrdn shrä cofpdtaenh, col nos eushs aliustradnhs fäs utanazdios (pro`aeus, htc.), o sasthfds ih coltron dutofdtazdio, tapo scdid.   Ih dcuhrio col nd fdrcd y f foihno oihno ih vdradior, nos fhlòs y `ulcaolhs i ih h

o

col`amurdcaól quh prhshltd, puhih shr2  

@ulcaolhs col vdnorhs ih col`amurdcaól.

 

Zdräfhtros lufhrdios, hl numdr ih loferhs loferhs ih `ulcaól, d nos quh sh dsamld ul vdnor.

  Alacadnfhlth, hn vdradior vahlh col`amurdio col toi toios os nos pdräfhtros ih `äeracd o por ih`hcto (ih`dunt), quh hs lhchsdrao rhvasdr dlths ih nd puhstd hl fdrcgd

o

ih uld dpnacdcaól. Hxasth nd posaeanaidi ih vonvhr ih luhvo d nos vdnorhs ih `äeracd, hl cdso ih hrror ih col`amurdcaól o rhalacao ihn vdradior. @ulcaolhs o pdräfhtros fäs afportdlths2   Uhi ih sufalastro ih dnafhltdcaól. Zothlcad ihn vdradior.



  Shôdnhs ih sdnaid2 thlsaól h althlsaidi dihcudid dn fotor.



  @rhcuhlcads ih sdnaid fælafd y fäxafd.



  Yahfpo ih dchnhrdcaól y ih pdrdid.



  Coltron ihn pdr alacadn.



  Zrothccaól tárfacd, althlsaidi lofaldn, soerhcdrmd y rhdrfh.



  Pasudnazdcaól2 aliacdcaolhs ih nd pdltdnnd (`rhcuhlcad, althlsaidi, htc.).



  Shôdnhs ih dndrfd y folatorho.



  Hltrdids/sdnaids ih coltron (toio o ldid y dldnómacds).



  Hnhfhltos ih coltron (punsdiorhs, thrfaldnhs, pothlcaófhtro).



09

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

  @ulcaolhs dvdlzdids.



  Dbusths ih cdrdcthræstacds ihn fotor (duto tulh).



  Coltron ih pdr.



  Cdnaerdcaól



  Eorrdio y rhalacao ih `ulcaolhs y pdräfhtros.



  Cofulacdcaolhs



  Coltron fhiadlth eucnh ZA, ZAI, htc.



  Ophrdcaól soerh vdraos fotorhs.



Shôdnhs ih sdnaid (`orfds ih olid)2 hn vdradior proiuch trhs `dshs ih sdnaid, fhiadlth „trochdio‖ ih nd coltalud; pdrd hso sh usdl trdlsastorhs  o iasposatavos ih pothlcad quh

dctudlio cofo althrruptorhs, mhlhrdl nds shôdnhs ih sdnaid, col vdnorhs ih thlsaól y `rhcuhlcad vdradenhs, shmòl nd rhmundcaól2

Afdmm hl 33. @or Afd @orfd fdss ih olid ih nnds ds s hôd hôdnh nhss ih ssd dnaid.

08

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

Nos ia`hrhlths punsos ih nd sdnaid, sol `rdmfhltos ih olid rhctdlmundr, (col vdnorhs posatavos y lhmdtavos rhsphcto dn hbh), mhlhrdl uld shôdn hquavdnhlth o thlsaól h`acdz, ih `orfd shloaidn; dlänomdfhlth nd althlsaidi h`acdz hs cdsa shloaidn. Nds `rhcuhlcads ihn trochdio sh puhihl dbustdr, pdrd rhiucar ruaios h althr`hrhlcads proiucaids por fotor y vdradior. Nds cdsds cofhrcadnhs sufalastrdl, cofo opcaól, `antros quh puhihl alstdndrsh hltrh hl vdradior y nd rhi ih sufalastro, pdrd hvatdr quh nds shôdnhs ih ruaio puhidl sdnar d nds rhi y d`hcthl d otros dpdrdtos. Phltdbds ih uso ihn vdradior (`rhlth dn rhsto ih drrdlquhs)2   Fhbord hn prochso ih coltron y por nno o tdlto nd cdnaidi i ihn hn proiucto.



  Sh puhih promrdfdr ul drrdlquh sudvh, pdrdid y `rhlo (`ulcaolhs ih



drrdlcdior promrhsavo).   Dfpnao rdlmo ih vhnocaidi, pdr y pothlcad. (vhnocaidihs coltaluds y iascrhtds).



  Eucnhs ih vhnocaidi.



  Zuhih coltrondr vdraos fotorhs.



  @dctor ih pothlcad ulatdrao.



  Uhspuhstd ialäfacd cofpdrdenh col nos iravhrs ih IC.



  Cdpdcaidi ih ey-pdss dlth `dnnos ihn vdradior.



  Zrothccaól althmrdid ihn fotor.



  Fdrcgd pdso d pdso (cofdlio BOM).



Ihsvhltdbds2   Nd alstdndcaól, promrdfdcaól y fdlthlafahlto, iheh shr rhdnazdid por phrsoldn



cudna`acdio.   Sa lo hstä eahl da dasndio sndio (col `antros) o alstdndio, puhih ihravdr ruaios h



althr`hrhlcads hl nd rhi hnáctracd, quh poirædl d`hctdr d otros hnhfhltos hnhctrólacos chrcdlos.

00

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 5 - FDUCO YHÓUACO

  Zdrd dpnacdcaolhs shlcannds puhih supolhr fdyor alvhrsaól, quh ul sa sasthfd sthfd



safpnh (coltdctor mudridfotor), sa eahl d nd ndrmd sh dfortazd hn mdsto supnhfhltdrao, por hn dgorro hlhrmátaco y ih pothlcad rhdctavd quh dportd hn vdradior.   Nds dvhræds ihn vdradior, lo sh puhihl rhpdrdr al satu (gdy quh hlvadrnos d nd



cdsd o shrvacaos táclacos). Fahltrds tdlto iheh iaspolhrsh ih otro vdradior hquavdnhlth, o ihbdr nd alstdndcaól sal `ulcaoldfahlto.

0=

0=

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

CDZÆYXNO 3 IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL 3.4 Dctudn `ulcaoldfahlto ih nd hxtrusord Nd fäquald hxtrusord cuhltd col ios pdlhnhs ih coltron, iolih hn ophrdrao tahlh quh prhpdrdr shmòl nd lhchsaidi ih nd proiuccaól ih `orfd fdludn cdid prochso. @otos tofdids ih nd hxtrusord hl `orfd mhlhrdn ih nd fäquald.

Afdmm hl 39. Fd Afd Fdrc rcd dyf foihn oihno o ih nnd d Fäquald Fäquald H xtru xtruss ord

Afdmm hl 38 Afd 38.. H xtrus ord pd pdrth rth ih ihnn gus gusanno anno y ton tonvd vd 

07

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

Afdmm hl 30. H xtrus ord pd Afd pdrth rth ih nnd ds pand pandss ih roiann roiannos os o cdn cdnd dlirad lira ds (Rold ih rh`ramhrdcaól)  

3.4.4 Zrochso ih hxtrusaól Hsth prochso `uh ihscrato hl ihtdnnh hl hn fdrco thóraco, d coltaludcaól sh ihscraearä ih scraearä hn prochiafahlto quh hn ophrdrao rhdnazd d no ndrmo ih toio hn prochso ih hxtrusaól. Alacadnfhlth ihphliahlio ih nd orihl quh hn ophrdrao rhcaed por pdrth ihn ihpdrtdfhlto ih proiuccaól dchrcd ih quá tapo ih vdsos sh proiucarä, sh polh hl fdrcgd nd hxtrusord, sh nnhvd nd thfphrdturd ih nds rhsasthlcads d nd thfphrdturd ih ophrdcaól, hsth prochso puhih iurdr dnrhihior ih 0 gords dlths ih idr alacao dn prochso ih hxtrusaól. Ih lo nnhvdrsh d cdeo hsth prochso ih cdnhltdfahlto poiræd provocdr hn rofpafahlto ihn torlanno sal `al o gusanno, yd quh nd rhsasthlcad quh hsth gdch coltrd nd cdfasd shræd fuy mrdlih y mhlhrdræd uld mrdl páriaid pdrd p drd nd hfprhsd iheaio d quh nd rhpdrdcaól ih hsth torlanno hs ihfdsadio costosd. Hn ophrdrao vhra`acd quh nd thfphrdturd hl nds = zolds shd nd dihcudid y prochih d hlchlihr nos fotorhs mrdiudlio nd vhnocaidi hl cdid ulo ihphliahlio ihn tapo ih

01

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL vdso quh sh vdyd d proiucar. Nd hxtrusord hstä col`orfdid c ol`orfdid ih ios pdrths ulds quh hs nd hxtrusord y nd otrd quh hs nd pand ih roiannos quh coltrond hn mrosor y vhnocaidi ih sdnaid ih nd näfald, quh d nd vhz tahlh ul coltdior ih vuhntds quh utanazdl pdrd ihthrfaldr ul phso dproxafdio ih cdid eoeald.

3.4.4.4 Yonvd Nd tonvd buhmd ul pdphn fuy afportdlth hl nd proiuccaól iolih hn ophrdrao rhdnazd nd cdrmd ih nd fdthrad prafd ih `orfd fdludn y d safpnh crathrao ih tahfpo, idlio numdr d quh nd fdquald hxtrusord trdedbh sal fdthradn pdrd proiucar nds näfalds. Shmòl nos tahfpos quh sh faiahrol hl nd tonvd hn ophrdrao iheh cdrmdr cdid 48 falutos 9 eonsds ih fdthradn.

Afdmhl Afdm hl 3=. C drm d ih f fdt dthra hra d pra prafd fd d nd nd ttonvd onvd ih `orfd f fdludn dludn

=:

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

3.4.4.5 Fäquald hxtrusord Nd fäquald hxtrusord tahlh ul pdlhn ih coltron ih thfphrdturd y ih drrdlquh ihn fotor quh coltrond dn gusanno.

Afdmm hl 37. Z Afd Zdlh dlhnn ih coltron ih th thfph fphrdturd rdturd y Fotor ihn Gus anno

Ihsih hsth pdlhn sh tahlh hn coltron ih nd fdquald hl mhlhrdn, nds thfphrdturds sol `abds lo vdrædl, cdid zold tahlh ul coltron ih thfphrdturd y sono fdlhbdl uld vhnocaidi hl hn fotor. Hn fotor tahlh su propao vdradior ih `rhcuhlcad phro hsth hs fdlhbdio d edsh ih ul rhóstdto.

3.4.4.3 Coltron ih thfphrdturd Nd hxtrusord cuhltd col = zolds, cdid zold col`orfdid ih `orfd alihphliahlth col su rhsphctavd rhsasthlcad cdnh`dctord, hstds rhsasthlcads tahlhl uld pothlcad ih 58: wdtts phrfatahlio ul räpaio cdfeao hl nd thfphrdturd ihshdid. Iacgds rhsasthlcads hstäl ueacdids dnrhihior ih nd cdfasd o canaliro por hn cudn dtrdvahsd hn gusanno, iolih cdid rhsasthlcad rhprhshltd uld zold ih cdnhltdfahlto iastaltd.

=4

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

Afdmm hl 31. U hsa s th Afd thlca lcad d ih d derdzd erdzdihrd ihrd

Cdid zold tahlh cofo shlsor pdrd fhiar nd thfphrdturd uld thrfocupnd ih tapo B ih cdnaerh 9 col uld shlsaeanaidi ih 8.978fP/4::ºC.

Afdmm hl 9:. Yhrfocupnd tapo B Afd

Q ul rhná ih hstdio sónaio quh hs dccaoldio col ul coltron ih thfphrdturd

Afdmm hl 94 Afd 94.. U hn hná á ih H s td tdio io S onaio

=5

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL Hn coltron ih thfphrdturd quh tahlh hn pdlhn hs ih nd fdrcd Dzean foihno SIC48

Afdmm hl 95. Col Afd Coltron tron ih th thfph fphrdturd rdturd D zean foih foihno no S IC 48

Nd hstrdthmad pndlthdid col hn coltron ih thfphrdturd hs nd ih OL/O@@ quh sh hbhcutd cudlio sh nnhmd d nd thfphrdturd promrdfdid y quh id nd orihl ih nd dphrturd o cahrrh ihn rhná ih hstdio sónaio. Nd vdradenh ih prochso (ZP, ihn almnás Zrochss Pdnuh) hs nd thfphrdturd fhiaid hl nd zold por nd thrfocupnd, nd shôdn ih colsamld (SZ, ihn almnás Sht Zoalt) hs hn vdnor ih thfphrdturd quh sh quahrh nnhmdr.

3.4.4.9 Zand ih roiannos o cdndlirad Nds pands ih roiannos hstäl col`orfdids ih 9 roiannos quh idl numdr d nd proiuccaól ih nds näfalds, hstos d nd vhz hstäl colhctdios col sus rhsphctavos fotorhs y vdradiorhs ih `rhcuhlcad quh sol coltrondios por hn ophrdrao.

Afdmm hl 93. U oianno Afd oiannoss ih hsphs hsphsor or ih nd nä näfald fald

=3

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL Nos trhs prafhros roiannos sol nos quh aliacdl hn mrosor ih nd näfald d proiucar, y hn cudrto roianno hs hn hlcdrmdio ih thlsaoldrnd, hn ophrdrao rhdnazd ul dbusth fdludn ih nds vhnocaidihs ih cdid roianno ihphliahlio ihn tapo ih vdso quh shrä utanazdio nd näfald, hl nd `äeracd sh trdedbd col 9 tapos ih fhiaid ih vdsos quh d nd vhz tahlhl vhnocaidihs ih`alaids pdrd cdid fhiaid.   Pdsos ih 48:fn 

4. Uoianno 6 4=.7: Gz 5. Uoianno 6 40.7= Gz 3. Uoianno 6 40.7= Gz 9. Uoianno 6 47.47 Gz   Pdsos ih 5::fn



4. Uoianno 6 48.0: Gz 5. Uoianno 6 49.05 Gz 3. Uoianno 6 49.05 Gz 9. Uoianno 6 40.3= Gz   Pdsos ih 58:fn



4. Uoianno 6 43.=: Gz 5. Uoianno 6 45.3= Gz 3. Uoianno 6 45.3= Gz 9. Uoianno 6 49.9: Gz   Pdsos ih 8::fn



4. Uoianno 6 1.8: Gz 5. Uoianno 6 7.13 Gz 3. Uoianno 6 7.13 Gz 9. Uoianno 6 4:.5: Gz Hn ophrdrao rhdnazd nd foia`acdcaól ih nds vhnocaidihs ihsih ul pdlhn iolih nos vdradiorhs ih `rhcuhlcad hstäl colhctdios col rhóstdtos ih i h `orfd fdludn. Hn pdlhn ih nos vdradiorhs ih `rhcuhlcad hs hn samuahlth2

=9

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

Afdmm hl 99. Z Afd Zd dlhn i ih h coltron ih nnos os roiannos

Afdmm hl 98. P Afd Pdradi dradior or ih `rhcuhlcad aals ls td tdnd ndio io

=8

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

3.4.4.8 Coltdior Hn coltdior hstä col`orfdio por ul roianno y ul iasposatavo coltdior ih vuhntds ihn fasfo. Hsth sh hlcuhltrd dn `aldn ih nd pand ih roiannos y trdedbd hl colbulto col hn roianno bdndior, hn ophrdrao rhdnazd hn rhshtho ih `orfd fdludn pdrd nd luhvd eoeald.

Afdmm hl 9 Afd 90. 0. Coltd Coltdior ior GD LQ OXLM LXW ih nnd d s hrah MH 9-Z04

3.5 Ialäfacd dctudn ih proiuccaól Nds eoealds ihphliahlio ihn tapo ih fhiaid ih vdso tahlhl ul tahfpo dproxafdio ih proiuccaól ih hltrh 58 d 37 falutos por cdid roianno ih 58: vuhntds, nd fdquald proiuch hl hsh tahfpo 5 eoealds quh hs hn dlcgo ih ul roianno cortdio por nd fatdi. Nd hxtrusord trdedbd ih nulhs d nulhs, sh hlcahlih hn iæd nulhs d nds 72:: df y sh dpdmd d nds 92:: df ihn samuahlth nulhs, nos táclacos tahlhl quh trdedbdr hl turlos rotdtavos ih 44 gords pdrd poihr cufpnar col nos phiaios ih fdthrad prafd. Zdrd poihr rhdnazdr nos fonihos ih nos vdsos, nds eoealds tahlhl ul phso dproxafdio hltrh 7: d 78 km, y uld nolmatui ih 48: fhtros, ihphliahlio ih nds fhiaids. fhiaid s.

=0

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL Sh rhdnazó uld cofpdrdcaól ih nds pndlannds ih proiuccaól y sh vhra`acó quh lo sh nnhmd d proiucar nds fasfds cdltaidihs ih eoeald por turlo, hn profhiao dproxafdio hs ih 35 eoealds, cdid eoeald sdcd uld cdbd ih 3: taros, cdid taro tahlh 4:: ulaidihs quh id 3::: vdsos por fhiaid hxchpto nd fhiaid ih 8::fn quh sdcd uld cdbd ih 4::: ulaidihs.

3.5.4 Alcolvhlahlths rhmundrhs ihn dctudn `ulcaoldfahlto Gdeahlio hxpnacdio nd ialäfacd ihn uso ih nd hxtrusord hl uld satudcaól lorfdn, d coltaludcaól sh hxpnacdl nds `dnhlcads quh sh oeshrvdrol o eshrvdrol hl nds iastaltds pdr pdrths ths ihn prochso.

3.5.4.4 Záriaids ih tahfpo  Dn fofhlto ih prhlihr nds rhsasthlcads hn ophrdior tahlh por hlthliaio quh nd fdquald nnhmd d nd thfphrdturd aihdn d nds 0 gords, phro lo tofd hl cuhltd quh ihphliahlio ih nd thfphrdturd dfeahlth nd fdquald puhih hstdr nastd fucgo dlths. Hl nd prhpdrdcaól ih cdid vdradior ih `rhcuhlcad pahrih fucgo tahfpo, porquh lo tahlh `abdio nd proiuccaól iadrad idlio numdr d cdfeaos ih vhnocaidihs. . Sh rhdnazd ul cdfeao ih `antro hl hn cdehzdn cde hzdn hsto iurd dproxafdidfhlth 58 falutos, porquh sh nnhmd d pdrdr toio nos fotorhs ih nd fäquald, phro hn ophrdrao lo tahlh ul tahfpo ihthrfaldio pdrd hso, no rhdnazd cdid vhz v hz quh cdfead ih fhiaid ih vdsos.

3.5.5.5 Záriaids ih fdthradn Cofo lo sh tahlh ul coltron ih proiuccaól ih eoealds, y ul coltron hl nos turlos nos ophrdraos rhdnazdl foia`acdcaolhs ih nds vhnocaidihs d crathrao, lo tahlhl uld

==

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL vhnocaidi ih`alaid, hsto ocdsaold quh hn mrosor ih nd näfald vdræh, ocdsaoldlio páriaids ih fdthradn allhchsdrao. Sh gd idio cdsos iolih nd ihfdlid ih vdsos dufhltd fuy räpaio y dn lo thlhr ul stock trdtdl ih rhspolihr d hstd ihfdlid dufhltdlio nd vhnocaidi ih nos roiannos pdrd dufhltdr nd proiuccaól y sh id uld vhnocaidi ihfdsadio räpaid idlio cofo rhsuntdio näfalds ihfdsadids ihnmdids ocdsaoldlio hl hn foniho vdsos ih`hctuosos, u otro cdso iólih sdcdl näfalds fuy mruhsds d no lorfdn no quh sh trdiuch hl páriaids ih hlhrmæd, fdthradn y tahfpo. Hl cdsos pdrtacundrhs hs cudlio hn ophrdrao lo hstä col älafos ih trdedbdr y no quh rhdnazd hs rdnhltazdr nds vhnocaidihs y ihcar quh nd fäquald hstä col `dnnds, hsto sh id fdyorfhlth hl nos turlos locturlos.

3.5.3.3 @dnnds gufdlds (Yáclaco ophrdrao) Yonvd sal fdthradn idlio numdr d quh nd fdquald trdedbh hl vdcæo. Ophrdrao `uhrd ih su numdr ih trdedbo, idlio numdr d quh nd sarhld ihn coltdior suhlh, phro hsth lo rhdnazd lalmuld `ulcaól soerh nds fäqualds. Lo sh rhdnazd nd iheaid nueracdcaól d nd fäquald y nos cghquhos lhchsdraos rutaldraos, cofo por hbhfpno nds cucgannds lo hstäl hl su numdr, nos eorihs ih nos roiannos sh nnhmdl d phmdr col hn fdthradn idlio numdr d `dnnds hl nds näfalds, hn sasthfd ih hl`radfahlto ih nos roiannos lo hstäl `ulcaoldlio, htc.

=7

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

IHSCUAZCAÓL MHLHUDN IHN SASYHFD COLYDIOU 

SHLSOU 

YHFZHUDYXUD

HLYUDIDS

HYGHULHY  

GFA

ZNC

SDNAIDS

UHSASYHLCAD

PDUADIOU

PHLYANDIOUHS

YONPD

Afdmm hl 9 Afd 9=. =. H s quhf quhfd d ih h hquapos quapos colhctd colhctdios ios dn ZNC ZN C

FOYOU

=1

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

3.3 Zropuhstd ihn sasthfd dutofdtazdio Gdeahlio dldnazdio hn dctudn `ulcaoldfahlto y lotdlio nds pralcapdnhs `dnnds y proenhfätacds ihn prochso edbo hn quh `ulcaold nd hxtrusord, sh iashôdrd ul sasthfd quh fhborh hn `ulcaoldfahlto y sonucaolh nos proenhfds quh sh oramaldl iheaio d nds `dnhlcads ihn dctudn sasthfd. Sh dpnacdrd nos colocafahltos oethlaios iurdlth hn shfaldrao ih mrdio hl dutofdtazdcaól aliustradn pdrd iashôdr hn sasthfd usdlio nos hquapos y so`twdrh quh sh tahlhl iaspolaenhs

3.3.4 Ialäfacd ihn sasthfd propuhsto Sh ihtdnndrdl nos cdfeaos hl hn sasthfd propuhsto por htdpds hl cdid hquapo2

3.3.4.4 Yonvd Nd tonvd shrä provastd ih ul shlsor ih lavhn quh aliacdrä fhiadlth uld ednazd hn hstdio ih lavhn ihn fdthradn pdrd quh ih hstd `orfd hn ophrdior thlmd uld shôdn vasudn ihn hstdio ih nd tonvd, hl cdso quh sh onvaih ih cdrmdr hn fdthradn, nd ednazd dutofätacdfhlth dn nnhmdr dn lavhn edbo sh anufald idlio dvaso. Hstd ednazd sono sh dctavd pdrd idr dvaso dv aso ih edbo lavhn ihn fdthradn.

3.3.4.5 Fdquald hxtrusord  D trdvás ihn pdlhn pralcapdn ih nd fdquald hxtrusord sh hlcahlihl y dctavdl no carcuatos ih coltron y pothlcad ih nos iastaltos iasposatavos quh coltrondl hn prochso (coltron ih thfphrdturd, rhsasthlcads, fotorhs, htc.)

7:

Zor2 Lhnsol Uoey Qehrlhmdrdy Foltdnvdl

 

CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL Hsth pdlhn lo shrä foia`acdio sahlio lhchsdrad su fdlapundcaól fdludn pdrd hlchlihr y hlhrmazdr nos hquapos colhctdios colhc tdios d hsth y d pdrtar ih dgæ poihr coltrondr fhiadlth hn ZNC nos iastaltos iasposatavos.

3.3.4.3 Coltron ih thfphrdturd 3.3.4.3.4 Uhsasthlcads Nd fäquald hxtrusord cuhltd col sus rhsphctavds rhsasthlcads cdnh`dctords quh hstäl colhctdids d ul coltrondior ih thfphrdturd dutofätaco, hsth coltron lo shrä foia`acdio hl no desonuto, sa lo quh sh tofdrä nd shôdn ih dctavdcaól ihn coltrondior ih thfphrdturd col nd thfphrdturd fäs dntd d pdrtar ihn rhná quh cofdlid hn hlchliaio ih nd rhsasthlcad pdrd usdr hn punso ihn rhná cofo shôdn ih hltrdid dn ZNC pdrd foia`acdr hn `ulcaoldfahlto ihn hlchliaio ihn fotor. Zdrd coltrondr ih `orfd fdludn d trdvás ihn sasthfd SCDID hn hlchliaio y dpdmdio ih nds rhsasthlcads, sh conocdrä u ul l rhná hl hn hlchliaio ih nd tofd pralcapdn quh colhctdl nds sahth rhsasthlcads.

3.3.4.3.5 Phltandiorhs

Nos vhltandiorhs sh colhctdräl ul alstdlth ihspuás ih colhctdrsh nds rhsasthlcads pdrd hvatdr ul paco hnhvdio ih ihfdlid ih corrahlth, eäsacdfhlth hl pdrdnhno. Sh tofd nd shôdn ih hlchliaio ih nds rhsasthlcads hl shrah pdrd colhctdr nos vhltandiorhs. Hn coltron fdludn ih nos vhltandiorhs sh nomrd ih nd fasfd `orfd quh ih nds rhsasthlcads, d trdvás ih uld colhxaól hl nd tofd pralcapdn ih hlhrmæd fhiadlth ul rhná.

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CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

3.3.4.9 Fotor pralcapdn (gusanno) Hn fotor pralcapdn ih nd fäquald hxtrusord hs hn quh gdch mardr hn gusanno o torlanno quh fuhvh y prhsaold hn fdthradn, hsth fotor hstä colhctdio d ul vdradior ih `rhcuhlcad quh rhmund su vhnocaidi. Hstd vhnocaidi hs `abd y hstä idid por hn vdnor ihn pothlcaófhtro ihn vdradior ih vhnocaidi. v hnocaidi. Zdrd dctavdr hn fotor hsth sh hlcahlih ih fdlhrd fdludn ihsih hn althrruptor ih hlhrmæd hl hn tdenhro pralcapdn. Zdrd dctavdr hsth fotor ihsih hn ZNC sh coltrondrä fhiadlth ulds foia`acdcaolhs hl hn vdradior ih vhnocaidi. Hl numdr ih usdr hn coltron ih nd vhnocaidi fhiadlth ul pothlcaófhtro sh utanazdrä uld ih nds hltrdids promrdfdenhs ih iacgo vdradior d su vhnocaidi ih `ulcaoldfahlto y cudlio nd thfphrdturd ih trdedbo shd dncdlzdid hn ZNC dctavdrä nd hltrdid promrdfdid ih vhnocaidi ihn vdradior cofo sa ih ul althrruptor sh trdtdrä gdcahlio quh hn vdradior dctavh hn `ulcaoldfahlto ihn fotor.

3.3.4.8 Zand ih roiannos o Cdndlirad Cdid roianno cuhltd col su vdradior y fotor colhctdio d hsth, pdrd poihr cofdlidrnos ihsih hn ZNC, sh cdfeadrä su foio ih coltron dctudn col rhóstdto pdrd usdr nds hltrdids promrdfdenhs ih vhnocaidi ihn vdradior cofo sh hxpnacó hl hn pulto ihn fotor pralcapdn. Cofo sh tahlhl 9 rhchtds o tapos ih vdsos, hsto samla`acd 9 vhnocaidihs iastaltds pdrd cdid vdradior, por no quh sh promrdfdräl cudtro hltrdids promrdfdenhs ihn vdradior col sus rhsphctavds vhnocaidihs. Hn ZNC dctavd uld sdnaid ih hsth por cdid rhchtd, por no quh sh tahlh quh usdr ul rhná quh rhpnaquh hsth cofdlio pdrd nos cudtro vdradiorhs ih cdid roianno, dsæ por hbhfpno pdrd shnhccaoldr nd rhchtd ihn vdso 4 samla`acd quh sh tahlhl quh dctavdr dct avdr nds hltrdids promrdfdenhs lòfhro 4 ih cdid vdradior.

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CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

Hstds hltrdids promrdfdenhs ihn vdradior dn shr promrdfdids althrldfhlth hl nd fhforad ihn vdradior lo su`rhl vdradcaolhs col hn tahfpo por no quh nd vhnocaidi ih sdnaid shrä sahfprh nd fasfd, ih hstd fdlhrd sh nomrd hstdlidrazdr nds vhnocaidihs.

3.3.4.0 Coltdior Hn roianno coltdior cuhltd col ul iasposatavo coltdior quh nh dvasd fhiadlth ednazd y sarhld dn ophrdior quh nd cdltaidi ih vuhntds promrdfdids sh gdl dncdlzdio. Cudlio hn ophrdior cdrmd luhvd eoeald prhsaold hn eotól ih „UHSHY‖ ihn coltdior pdrd hfphzdr ul luhvo coltho, hs fhiadlth hsth eotól quh sh colhctdrä dn ZNC cofo uld shôdn ih hltrdid pdrd quh cdid dccaoldfahlto ihn eotól quhih rhmastrdio cofo nd cdrmd ih uld luhvd eoeald hl hn sasthfd.

3.3.5 Cofpolhlths y foia`acdcaolhs lhchsdraos pdrd afpnhfhltdr hn sasthfd  D coltaludcaól sh ihtdnnd nos ia`hrhlths iasposatavos y colhxaolhs col quh coltdrä hn sasthfd y sus rhsphctavds foia`acdcaolhs d nos cofpolhlths ih nd fdquald hxtrusord.

3.3.5.4 Nd tonvd d) Shlsor ih fdthradn Zdrd hn coltron ih nd tonvd sh ocupdrä ul shlsor ih proxafaidi tapo cdpdcatavo, nd didptdcaól shrä iarhctd porquh nd fasfd tonvd colstd col su propao soporth pdrd hn shlsor.

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CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

Afdmm hl 97. C olhxaól ihn s hls Afd hlsor or d nd ton tonvd vd

Nds cdrdcthræstacds ihn shlsor sol2 Cdrdcthræstacds Ydfdôo Yhlsaól Corrahlth ih sdnaid Fdthradn ih corthzd Iastdlcad ih nd ihthccaól Sdnaid

vdnor Iaäfhtro ihn canaliro ih 59ff IC 0-30v 3::fD Fhtdn/coerh 58ff ZLZ, 3 dndferh LO

Zrothccaól

AZ 0=

e) Ednazd ih divhrthlcad   Sh iaspolirä ih uld ednazd nufælacd quh cuhlth col shôdn dcòstacd althmrdid, ih prh`hrhlcad col colhxaól d 55: Pontaos pdrd uld alstdndcaól fäs `äcan dulquh lo hs oenamdtorao. Nd ednazd ihehrä ueacdrsh chrcd ih nd tonvd y d ul lavhn lav hn suphraor ih `äcan vasaeanaidi.

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CDZÆYXNO 3 - IHSDUUONNO IH ND DXYOFDYARDCAÓL

Afdmm hl 91. E dnazd Afd dnazd ih d divhrthlca ivhrthlcad d

Cdrdcthræstacds Yhlsaól Conor @uhlth ih Nuz Foio ih nuz Lavhn ih solaio Foio ih @abdcaól

vdnor 55: PDC * Dfedr NHI Nuz Uotdtavd