Proposal Content

Chapt er1 I NTRO RODUCTI ON

Si t uati onAnal ysi s So c i e t yi si nt hemi mi ds to fl e ar ni ngho wt o“ b e ”i nt hei nf o r ma mat i o nag e .The adventofcomp mput er sandt hei ncl usi onoft heWe Webi nourwor kandpri vat el i ves hav epushedi nnov at i onsandemb mbrace di nf or mat i onandacc es si nwayswecan hardl yi magi ne.Wear el i vi ngi nacomp mpl exandchal l engi ngdi gi t all andscape t hatchangesconst ant l y .( 2005)  Thesc hooll i br ar ye xi s t st opr ovi dear angeofl ear ni ngoppor t uni t i esf or  bot hl ar geands mal lgr oupsaswel lasi ndi vi dual swi t haf ocusoni nt e l l ect ual c ont e nt ,i nf o r ma mat i o nl i t e r a cy ,andt hel e ar ne r .( 2004) .   I naddi t i o nt ocl as s r o om v i s i t swi t hc ol l abo r at i ngt e ac he r s ,t hes c ho ol l i br aryal soservesasapl acef ors t udent st odoi ndependentwork,use comp mput er s,equi pmentandr esear chmat er i al s;t ohostspeci aleve nt ssuchas aut horvi si t sandbookcl ubs;andf ort ut ori ngandt est i ng.  Thesc hooll i br ar ymedi acent erpr ogr am i sacol l abor at i v ev e nt ur ei n  whi c hsc hooll i br ar ymedi aspeci al i s t s,t eac her s ,andadmi ni s t r at or swor k t og e t he rt opr o vi deoppor t uni t i e sf o rt hes oc i al ,c ul t ur a l ,ande duc at i o nal g r o wt ho fs t ude nt s .Ac t i v i t i e st hatar epar to ft hes c ho oll i br ar yme me di apr o gr am

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c ant akepl ac ei nt hes c ho oll i br ar yme me di ace nt e r ,t hel abo r a t o r yc l as s r o om, t hr o ug ht hes c ho ol ,andv i at hes c ho oll i br ar y ' sonl i ner e s our c e s .( 2004) I nas c hooloruni v e r s i t yse t up,t hel i br a r ypl a ysav e r yv i t alr o l ei nt he i ns t i t ut i onsr o l eofpr o v i di ngqual i t ye duc at i ont oi t scl i e nt e l e–t hes t ude nt s .  Thel i br ar ys houl dnotonl ybeupdat e dwi t hi t scol l e ct i onbutf armos tshoul d  beabl et odel i v e rwhati sr equi r edofi t–t hati st os er v easahav e nof i nf o r ma mat i o nandkno wl e dg et oi t sc l i e nt e l e .  Thecur r entLi br ar ycat al ogi spoor l ydes i gnedf ort het asksoffindi ng, di s c ov e r i ng ,ands e l e c t i ngt heg r o wi wi ngs e tofr e s o ur c e sav ai l abl ei no ur l i br ar i e s .I ti sbe s tatl o c at i ngando bt ai ni ngakno wni t e m m. .Fo rl i br ar i ansand f o rourus e r s ,t hecat al o gi so nl yo neo pt i o no fac c es s i ngl i br a r yc ol l e c t i o ns . ( 2005) I nt hi st i me ,ac c e s st oi nf o r ma mat i o nhasr adi c al l yc hang e d.I nf o r ma mat i o n t odaysymb mbol i ze spowerbymo mostor gani zat i onsi nt hecorporat ewor l d.The l i br a r yi sno ts par e df r o mt hi sr e v o l ut i o n.Thel i br ar ys ho ul dbeatt hef o r e f r ont o ft hi st e c hno l o gye xpl os i o n.

LaUni onSchoolofAr t sandTr adewer ees t abl i shedi n1907byMr Mr .D.  Ar an,anAmer i can,i t sf ounderandi t sfir s tpr i nci pal .I twasoneoft heear l i e s t  v oc at i onalsc hool si nt hePhi l i ppi nest hats t ar t edasani nt er medi at esc hool  wi t honl y5t eac her sand88s t ude nt s.I n1917,Mr .Huncy ,s uc ceededhi m unt i l 2

c ant akepl ac ei nt hes c ho oll i br ar yme me di ace nt e r ,t hel abo r a t o r yc l as s r o om, t hr o ug ht hes c ho ol ,andv i at hes c ho oll i br ar y ' sonl i ner e s our c e s .( 2004) I nas c hooloruni v e r s i t yse t up,t hel i br a r ypl a ysav e r yv i t alr o l ei nt he i ns t i t ut i onsr o l eofpr o v i di ngqual i t ye duc at i ont oi t scl i e nt e l e–t hes t ude nt s .  Thel i br ar ys houl dnotonl ybeupdat e dwi t hi t scol l e ct i onbutf armos tshoul d  beabl et odel i v e rwhati sr equi r edofi t–t hati st os er v easahav e nof i nf o r ma mat i o nandkno wl e dg et oi t sc l i e nt e l e .  Thecur r entLi br ar ycat al ogi spoor l ydes i gnedf ort het asksoffindi ng, di s c ov e r i ng ,ands e l e c t i ngt heg r o wi wi ngs e tofr e s o ur c e sav ai l abl ei no ur l i br ar i e s .I ti sbe s tatl o c at i ngando bt ai ni ngakno wni t e m m. .Fo rl i br ar i ansand f o rourus e r s ,t hecat al o gi so nl yo neo pt i o no fac c es s i ngl i br a r yc ol l e c t i o ns . ( 2005) I nt hi st i me ,ac c e s st oi nf o r ma mat i o nhasr adi c al l yc hang e d.I nf o r ma mat i o n t odaysymb mbol i ze spowerbymo mostor gani zat i onsi nt hecorporat ewor l d.The l i br a r yi sno ts par e df r o mt hi sr e v o l ut i o n.Thel i br ar ys ho ul dbeatt hef o r e f r ont o ft hi st e c hno l o gye xpl os i o n.

LaUni onSchoolofAr t sandTr adewer ees t abl i shedi n1907byMr Mr .D.  Ar an,anAmer i can,i t sf ounderandi t sfir s tpr i nci pal .I twasoneoft heear l i e s t  v oc at i onalsc hool si nt hePhi l i ppi nest hats t ar t edasani nt er medi at esc hool  wi t honl y5t eac her sand88s t ude nt s.I n1917,Mr .Huncy ,s uc ceededhi m unt i l 2

1922.Sec ondarycour se swer et henoffer ed.Thei nt er medi at ecur r i cul um was ev ent ual l ydr oppedi n1927,andi n1928,t heLaUni onTr adeSchoolwas t r ans f e r r e dt oi t spr e s ents i t eandc onv e r t e di nt ot hes e co ndar yl e v e l .I twast he i nc umbe nc yo ft hefir s tFi l i pi nopr i nc i pal ,Cat al i noCal i c a,t hatt hes c ho ol t urnedouti t sfir stsetofonl y8graduat es.Theschoolcl osedduri ngt hesecond  wor l dwar .

Byv i r t ueofR. A.543on16June1950,t heLaUni onTr adeSchoolwas pl acedundert hes upportoft heNat i onalGove r nment .R. A.801wa wasenact ed on21June1952t oconver tt hei nst i t ut i oni nt oaNat i onalRegi onalSchoolof  Ar t sandTr adesknownast heLaUni onSc hoolofAr t sandTr ade s.Tr anui l i no del osTri noswa wast hefir stsuperi nt endent .I n1957,Apol i nari oApi l adot ookover ast hes econdsuper i nt endent ,andi n1957,Fermi mi nTarucbecam me et het hi r d super i nt endent .Tar uc' sadmi ni st r at i onpl acedmuchemp mphasi si nt he i mpr o v e me me nto ft hes t andar do fi ns t r uc t i o ni nal ll e v e l sofe duc at i o n.

I n1975,Av el i noAsc unci onassumedoffic ffi ceast hef our t hsuper i nt endent .  Thes c hoolser v edasaRegi onalDe v el opmentCent erf orPr act i calAr t si n Regi onI .Thedegr eeofBachel orofSci encei nI ndust ri alTechnol ogywasoffer ed dur i ngt hesc hoolye ar 19761977.Thesc hoolaccomm mmodat edt heext ensi on cl assesofUPGr aduat eSchool ,Bagui oCi t y ,f ort hedegreeofMast erof 3

Management .Li kewi se,t hesc hoolwasal sochosenbyt heEngi neer i ng Equi pmentI nc.asi t st r ai ni ngcent eri nNort hernLuzonwher ei nvocat i onal g r a duat e sunde r we ntf ur t he rt r ai ni ngi nt he i rfie l do fs pe c i al i z a t i o n.

OnMay25,1978,Hi pol i t oPaci st ookoverast hefif t hsuper i nt endent andt hi smarkedt hegr eat estmi l est onef orLUSAT.Theschoolwasi nt egr at ed i nt ot heDonMar i anoMar cosMemor i alSt at eUni v er si t y( DMMMSU)on  Januar y15,1981t hr oughP . D.1778.Dr .Bi e nv eni doAgpaoabecamei t sfir s t pr esi dent .I n1989,Dr .ManuelCorpuswasi nst al l edast hesecondpr esi dent . I n1996,DMMMSU hasbe enadj udgedbyt heCHED ( Commi ssi ononHi gher Educat i on)asnumber7amongt opuni ver si t i esandcol l eges( publ i cand pr i v a t e )i nt hePhi l i ppi ne s .Mo s tg r aduat e sr at e dhi g hi nt he i rr e s pe c t i v ebo ar d andl i ce nsur eexmi nat i ons.On23Jul y1999,Dr .Di oni si oGatDucusi nbec ame t het hi r dpr esi dentoft heUni ve r si t y .TheMi dLaUni onCampus( MLUC)has Dr .Rodol f oR.Api goasi t schancel l or ,assumi ngt heposi t i ononSept ember23, 1999.Wi t ht r ansf or mat i onall e ader satt hehel m ofDMMMSU andt heMLUC i n part i cul ar ,t heUni ver si t yi satt het hr eshol doft henew mi l l enni um uphol di ng e x ce l l e nc ei ni ns t r uc t i on,r e s e ar c h,e xt e ns i on,andpr o duc t i onf org l o bal c o mpe t i t i v e ne s s .

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 Thr ought hey ear s ,Mi dLaUni onCampus,undert heflagshi poft heDon Mari anoMarc osMemori alSt at eUni ver si t yhasdeve l opedandsust ai nedi t sel f t obecomet hel eadi ngschooli nt her egi onandoneoft het opeducat i onal i ns t i t ut i o nsnat i o nwi de .Pr oo fo fi t se xc e l l e nc ec anbese e ni nt hel i s tofbo ar d t opnot cher st hatMLUC haspr oduce dovert hepast25ye ar s.MLUC t akespri de i ni t scont i nui ngpl i g htt obeadi s t i nc tc e nt e rofe xc el l e nc e…

 Today ,MLUC car r i est heflags hi pofbe i ngt heke ypr ovi de rofI nf or mat i on  Tec hnol ogyEduc at i onast heBac hel orofSci e nceofI nf or mat i onTec hnol ogyof t heI nst i t ut eofI nf or mat i onTec hnol ogywasawar dedbyt heCommi ssi onon Hi gherEducat i onasCent erofDev el opmenti nI nf ormat i onTec hnol ogy .Wi t h t hi s ,t hec ampusi sno wr e v o l ut i o ni z i ngi t sv ar i o uspr o c e ss e sandi nf us i ngi t  wi t ht heusei nf or mat i ont ec hnol ogyt ohas t env ar i ousac t i vi t i esoft hecampus  –oneofwhi c hi st hel i br ar y .

Concept ualFr amewor k

nt egrat edl i brarysyst em ( I LS) i br a r y  Ani ,al soknownasal managementsyst em ( LMS) ,i sane nt e r pr i s er e s o ur c epl anni ngs y s t e mf o ra l i br ary ,usedt ot r acki t emsowned,ordersmade,bi l l spai d,andpat r onswho hav ebor r owed.( Adamson,2008)

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 AnI LSus ual l ycompr i sesar e l at i onaldat abase,sof t war et oi nt er actwi t h t hatdat abas e ,andt wogr aphi c alus e ri nt e r f ac e s( o nef o rpat r o ns ,o nef o rs t aff) . MostI LSesseparat esof t war ef unct i onsi nt odi scr et epr ogr amscal l edmodul es, eachoft hem i nt egr at edwi t hauni fiedi nt er f ace.Exampl esofmodul esmi ght i nc l ude : •

ac qui s i t i ons( or de r i ng ,r e c e i v i ng ,andi nv oi c i ngmat e r i al s )

•

c at al o gi ng( c l as s i f y i ngandi nde xi ngmat e r i al s )

•

ci r cul at i on( l endi ngmat eri al st opat r onsandr ecei vi ngt hem back)

•

ser i al s( t r acki ngmagazi neandnewspaperhol di ngs)

•

t heOP AC ( publ i ci nt e r f ac ef o rus e r s ) Eachpat r onandi t em hasauni queI Di nt hedat abaset hatal l owst he

I LSt ot r a c ki t sac t i v i t y .( T ennant ,2006)

 Thet er m' di gi t all i br ar y'i snow wi del yacce pt edt ome ant heuseofdi gi t al t e c hno l o gybyl i br ar i e st oac qui r e ,s t o r e ,c o ns e r v eandpr o v i deac c e s st o i nf or mat i on.Pr a ct i c al l y ,adi g i t all i br a r yi sanas se mbl ag eofdi g i t alc omput i ng , st or ageandcommuni cat i onsmachi ner yt oget herwi t ht hecont entandsof t war e neededt or epr oduce,emul at e,andext endt heser vi cesprovi dedby convent i onall i br ari esbasedonpaperandot hermat eri almeansofcol l ect i ng, cat al ogui ng,findi ng,anddi ssemi nat i ngi nf ormat i on.( Rat hi nasabapat hy2006)

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 TheI nt e r ne tandt heWor l dWi deWebar et wooft hepr i nci palbui l di ng  bl oc kst hatar euse di nt hedev el opmentofdi gi t all i br ar i es.TheI nt er ne t t r adi t i onemphasi zescol l abor at i onand,eve nnow,t hecont i nui ngdeve l opment oft heI nt er netr emai nsfir ml yi nt hehandsofengi neer s.Ani mport ant c har ac t e r i s t i coft heI nt e r ne ti st hatt hee ng i ne e r sa ndc omput e rs c i e nt i s t swho devel opandoper at ei tareheavyuser soft hei rownt echnol ogy.They communi cat ebye-mai l ,di smi ssi ngconvent i onalmai las" snai lmai l . "( 2000)

 TheWor l dWi deWebor" t heweb"asi ti sc ol l oqui al l ycal l e d,hasbee none oft hegreatsuccessesi nt hehi st oryofcomput i ng.I tr ankswi t ht he deve l opmentofwor dpr ocessor sandspr eadsheet sasadefini t i veappl i cat i onof comput i ng.Thewebandi t sassoci at edt echnol ogyhavebeencr uci alt ot he r a pi dg r o wt ho fdi g i t all i br a r i e s .T e c hni c al l y ,t hewe bi sbas e do nf o urs i mpl e t ec hni ques.Theyar e:t heHyper TextMar kupLanguage( HTML) ,t heHyper Text  Tr ans por tPr ot ocol( HTTP) ,MI ME dat at ypes,andUni f or m Resour ceLoc at or s ( URLs) .Eachoft heseconcept si si nt r oducedbel ow anddi scussedf ur t heri n l at erchapt er s.Eachhasi mport ancet hatgoesbeyondt hewebi nt ot hegener al fie l dofi nt e r ope r abi l i t yofdi gi t all i br ar i e s.( 2000)

I napaperwr i t t enbyYanHanandAt i f aRawan,t heypr oposedf ort he  bui l di nganI nt egr at edLi br ar ySys t em ( I LS)f orAf ghani s t anuni v er si t i esand 7

col l egesbasedonopensour cesof t ware.Asoneoft hegoal soft heAf ghan e Qual i t yDi g i t alLi br a r i e sAl l i anc e ,t hea ut ho r sappl i e ds y s t e msanal y s i s appr oach,eval uat eddi ffer entopensour ceI LS,andcust omi zedt hesel ect ed sof t war et oaccommodat euser s'needs.Theaut horadopt edsys t emsanal ysi s  byt aki ngacc ountofAf ghancol l ect i ons,us er s ’needs,andsys t ems f unc t i o nal i t yr e q ui r e dt ope r f o r me s s e nt i all i br ar yo pe r a t i o ns .Ko hawasc ho s en ast hebasesof t wareduet oi t sf unct i onal i t y ,mat uri t yandsupport .Someoft he r e as o nsa r e :

•Thesof t warearc hi t ect ur ei sopen sour ceLAMP,whi ch i spopul ar ,st abl e, andpr edomi nant . •Ourst aff hasski l l si nt heseopensof t waresys t ems. •I ti saf ul l f eat ur edopensour ceI LS.Cer t ai ncomponent ssuchasmul t i pl e  br anc hsuppor tanduse r smanagementar ecr i t i cal . Kohai spr obabl yt hemostr enownedopensour ceI LS.I ti saf ul l f eat ur ed I LS,dev el opedi nNew Zeal andandfir stdepl oye di nHor owhenuaLi br aryTr ust i n2000.Sof arKohahasbeenrunni ngi naf ew publ i candspeci all i br ari es.  Theunder l yi ngar c hi t ect ur ei sLi nux,Apac he ,MySQL,andPe r l( LAMP)s t ac k. ( 2007)

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Ex i s t i ngs t at usof t heDMMMSUMLUC Li br ar y Manageme ntSys t em i nt ermsof : Per f or mance I nf o r mat i o n Economi c s Cont r ol s Effici ency Se r v i c e

Survey Quest i onnai r e  As se ss me ntoft he e xi s t i ngs t a t usoft he DMMMSUMLUC l i br arymanage ment s y s t e m Sys t ems Dev el opment Us abi l i t y Quest i onni r e  As se ss me ntoft he us abi l i t yoft heI LMS s of t wa r e

Feedback

Fi gur e1.TheRese ar chPar adi gm

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DMMMSUMLUC I nt e gr at e dLi br a r y Manag e mentSys t em ( I LMS)

St at ementoft hePr obl em

 Themai npur poseoft hi ss t udyi st oi mpl ementacomput e r bas ed I nt egr at edLi br aryManagementSys t em f ort hel i br aryofDonMari anoMar cos Memor i alSt at eUni v er s i t yMi dLaUni onCampus( DMMMSU MLUC) .

Spe c i fic al l y ,i tai mst oans we rt hef ol l o wi ng :

1.Whati st hes t at usofmanagi ngt hel i br ar yo fDMMMSUMLUC i nt er ms of : a.Per f or mance ,

 b.I nf or mat i on,

c .Economi cs,

d.Cont r ol ,

e .Effici ency ,

f . Ser vi ce s?

2.Whati nt egr at edcomput er base dl i br ar ymanage mentsy s t em canbe de v el ope df orDMMMSU MLUC?

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3.Whati st hel ev elofusabi l i t yoft heDMMMSU MLUC I nt egr at edLi br ary Manage me ntSys t e mi nt er msof :

a.Effici ency

 b.Affe ct

c.Hel pf ul nes s

d.Cont r ol ,and

e.Learnabi l i t y?

I mpor t anceoft heSt udy

 Wehav ecomet oanagewher ee v er yt hi ngi sal r eadyaccessi bl ewi t ha s i ng l ec l i c k.Thel i br ar ywhi c hi skno wnast her e p os i t o r yo fi nf o r mat i o ni sno doubts ho ul dbeatf or e f r o nto ft hi sdi g i t alr e v o l ut i on.

 TheDMMMSU MLUC Li br ar yi ss t r uggl i ngi t swayt obeatpacewi t ht he Uni ver si t yl i br ari esi nt hecount rywhohaveal r eadymadeamar ki nt hedi gi t al  wor l d.Thi ss t udywi l lputt heDMMMSU MLUC Li br ar yi nt her anksoft he se Uni v e r s i t i e si nt hePhi l i ppi ne saswe l lasi nt hewo r l d.

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 Thi ss t udywi l lbev er ybenefici alt oDMMMSU MLUC Li br ar y’ sc l i e nt el e asi nf o r mat i o nwi l lber e a di l yac c e s s i bl et ous e r sc o nv e ni e nt l ybe c aus eoft he i nt egr at i onoft heI nt er netandt heWor l dWi deWebt ot heOnl i nePubl i cAccess Cat al og.

 TheDMMMSU MLUC Li br ar ywor kf or cewi l lal sobebenefit edf r om t hi s st udyast hei rworkwi l lbegreat l yreducedbyt heai dofcomput eri zat i on s pe c i fic al l yi nt het as ko fmai nt e nanc eandi nv e nt o r yofl i br ar yho l di ng s . Re po r t swi l lbee as i l yge ne r a t e datas i ng l ec l i c kofamo us e .Thi swi l lo nl y me ant hatl e s st i mewi l lbeat t r i but e dt ol i br ar yc ol l e c t i o n mo ni t o r i ngand mai nt enancet hust i memaybedi ve r t edi nt of ur t her i ngt hei mpr ove ment sof t hel i br ar yc ol l e ct i on.

 Thecommuni t ycanal sobebe nefit edf r om t hi ss t udybe causet he DMMMSU MLUC Li br ar yi snotonl yf ors t udent sa ndst affofDMMMSU buti s al s oo pe nt ot hepubl i c .

Defini t i on ofTerms

Exi st i ngStat usoft heDMMMSUMLUC Li br ar y . hi  T sr ef er st ot he cur r ents t at usofmanagi ngt hel i br ar yr es our ce soft heDMMMSUMLUC

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Li br ary .Thest at usofwhi chwi l lbemeasur edusi ngper f ormance,i nf ormat i on, economi cs,cont r ol ,effici encyandservi cesasvari abl es.

f ormance:I a.Per ti ndi cat eswhet hert hecur r entt hr oughputand r esponset i mear eadequat e.

nf ormat i on:I  b.I ti ndi c at e swhe t he rt hee ndus e r sg e tt i me l y ,ac c ur a t e , andusef uli nf ormat i on. c.Economy:I ti ndi c at e swhe t he rs e r v i c e spr o v i de dbyt hec ur r e nt s y s t e m ar ec o s t e ffe c t i v e .

r ol d.Cont :I ti ndi c at e swhe t he rt he r ear ee ffe c t i v ec ont r o l st opr o v i de accur at eandsecur ei nf ormat i on.

ency:I e.Effi ci ti ndi cat eswhet hert hecur r entsyst em makesgooduseof r esour ces. f . Services:I ti ndi c at e swhe t he rt hec ur r e nts er v i c esar er e l i abl e , flexi bl e,andexpandabl e.

I nt egr at edLi br ar yManagementSyst em .Acomput er base d i nf or mat i onsy st em use dt omanaget hel i br aryc ol l ec t i onsoft heDMMMSU MLUC Li br aryi nt ermsofcat al ogui ng,ci r cul at i onandr eportgener at i on.

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Usabi l i t yoft heI LMS.Thecapabi l i t yoft hes of t war et obeunde r s t o od, l earned,usedandl i kedbyt heuserwhenusedunderaspeci fiedcondi t i on. I ndi c at o r si nc l udee ffic i e nc y ,affe c t ,he l pf ul ne s s ,c ont r olandl e ar nabi l i t y .

ency.Thedegreet a.Effi ci owhi cht heusercan achi evet hei rgoal sofhi s i nt er act i onwi t ht heI LMSi nadi r ectandt i mel ymanner .

 A  b . ffect .Thedegr eeofhow mucht heI LMScapt ur est heuse r ’ s emot i onalr esponses.

pf ul ness.Theext c.Hel entt owhi cht heI LMSassi stt heuser .

r ol d.Cont .Thedegreet owhi cht heuserf eel s,heandnott heI LMS,i s s e t t i ngt hepac e .

nabi l i ty.Theeasewi e.Lear t hwhi cht heusercangetst art edandl earn new f eat ur esoft hepr oduct .

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Chapt er2 REVI EW OFLI TERATURE

 Thi sc hapt erpr ovi desf ordi scussi ononv ar i ousl i t er at ur esr el at i ngt ot hi s s t udy .I twi l lpr e s e ntv ar i o ust he o r i e sandc onc e pt st hatma ybeappl i c abl et o t hest udyunderconsi der at i on.  Thi si saf asc i nat i ngper i odi nt hehi s t or yofl i br ar i e sandpubl i shi ng.For t hefir s tt i me ,i ti spos si bl et obui l dl ar g e s cal ese r v i c eswhe r ecol l e ct i onsof i nf o r mat i o nar es t o r e di ndi g i t alf o r mat sandr e t r i e v e do v e rne t wo r ks .The mat er i al sares t or edoncomput er s.Anet wor kconnect st hecomput er st o pe r s o nalc o mput e r so nt heus e r s ' de s ks .I nac o mpl e t e l ydi g i t all i br ar y ,no t hi ng needev err eachpaper .

Di gi t a lLi br a r i es

 Ani nf or maldefini t i onofadi gi t all i br ar yi samanagedcol l ect i onof i nf or mat i o n,wi t has s oc i at e ds e r v i c e s,whe r et hei nf o r mat i o ni ss t o r e di ndi g i t al f ormat sandaccessi bl eoveranet wor k.Akeypartoft hi sdefini t i oni st hatt he i nf ormat i oni smanaged.Ast r eam ofdat asentt oeart hf r om asat el l i t ei snota l i br ary .Thesamedat a,whenorgani zedsyst emat i cal l y ,becomesadi gi t al l i br arycol l ect i on.Mostpeopl ewoul dnotconsi deradat abasecont ai ni ng financi alr ecordsofonecompanyt obeadi gi t all i br ary,butwoul daccepta 15

col l ect i onofsuchi nf ormat i onf r om manycompani esaspartofal i br ary .Di gi t al l i br ar i e sc ont ai ndi v e r s eco l l e c t i o nsofi nf o r mat i o nf o rus ebymanydi ffe r e nt us e r s .Di g i t all i br ar i e sr a ng ei ns i z ef r o mt i nyt ohug e .The yc anus eanyt y peof comput i ngequi pmentandanysui t abl esof t war e.Theuni f yi ngt hemei st hat i nf ormat i oni sorg ani ze doncomput er sandavai l abl eoveranet wor k,wi t h pr o c e dur e st os e l e c tt hemat e r i ali nt heco l l e c t i o ns ,t oo r g ani z ei t ,t omakei t a vai l abl et ous e r s ,andt oar c hi v ei t .

I ns omewa ys ,di g i t all i br a r i e sar ev e r ydi ffe r e ntf r o mt r a di t i onall i br a r i e s,  y e ti not her st he yar er e mar kabl ysi mi l ar .Peopl edonotc hangebe causene w t e c hnol og yi si nv e nt e d.The ys t i l lc r e a t ei nf o r mat i ont hathast obeor g ani z e d, s t o r e d,anddi s t r i but e d.The ys t i l lne e dt ofindi nf o r mat i o nt hato t he r sha v e c r e at e d,andus ei tf o rs t udy ,r e f e r e nc e ,o re nt e r t ai nme nt .Ho we v e r ,t hef o r mi n  whi c ht hei nf or mat i oni se xpr essedandt heme t hodst hatar euse dt omanagei t aregr eat l yi nfluencedbyt echnol ogyandt hi scr eat eschange.Ever yyear ,t he quant i t yandv ar i e t yofc ol l e c t i onsa v ai l abl ei ndi g i t alf or mg r o ws ,whi l et he s uppo r t i ngt e c hno l o gyc o nt i nue st oi mpr o v es t e adi l y .Cumul at i v e l y ,t he s e changesar est i mul at i ngf undament alal t er at i onsi nhow peopl ecr eat e i nf ormat i onandhow t heyusei t .

Economi cs 16

 Tec hnol ogyi nfluencest heeconomi candsoci alaspect sofi nf or mat i on, andv i c ev e r s a .Thet e c hnol o gyo fdi g i t all i br a r i e si sde v e l opi ngf as tands oar e t hefinanci al ,organi zat i onal ,andsoci alf r ameworks.Thevari ousgroupst hat ar ede v e l opi ngdi g i t all i br a r i e sbr i ngdi ffe r e nts oc i alc onv e nt i o nsanddi ffe r e nt at t i t udest omoney .Publ i sher sandl i br ari eshaveal ongt r adi t i onofmanagi ng physi calobj ect s,not abl ybooks,butal somaps,phot ographs,soundr ecor di ngs andot herar t i f act s.Theyevol vedeconomi candl egalf r amewor kst hatarebased o n buy i ngands e l l i ngt he s eo bj e c t s .The i rnat ur a li ns t i nc ti st ot r ans f e rt o di g i t all i br a r i e st hec onc ept st hathav es er v e dt he m we l lf orphy si c alar t i f ac t s . Comput ersci ent i st sandsci ent i ficuser s,suchasphysi ci st s,haveadi ffer ent t r adi t i o n.The i ri nt e r e s ti ndi g i t ali nf o r mat i o nbe g ani nt heda y swhe n comput er swer ev erye xpensi ve.Onl yaf ew wel l f undedres earc her shad comput er sont hefir stnet wor ks.Theyexc hangedi nf ormat i oni nf ormal l yand openl ywi t hcol l eagues,wi t houtpayment .Thenet wor kshavegr own,butt he t r adi t i onofopeni nf ormat i onr emai ns.

 Theec onomi cf r ame wor kt hati sde v el opi ngf ordi gi t all i br ar i e sshowsa mi x t ur eo ft he s et woappr o ac he s .So medi g i t all i br ar i e smi mi ct r adi t i o nal publ i shi ngbyr equi r i ngaf orm ofpaymentbef or euser smayacce sst he c o l l e c t i o nsandus et hes e r v i c e s .Ot he rdi g i t all i br ar i e sus eadi ffe r e nte c ono mi c model .Thei rmat eri ali spr ovi dedwi t hopenaccesst oeverybody .Thecost sof 17

cr eat i nganddi st ri but i ngt hei nf ormat i onarebornebyt hepr oducer ,nott he useroft hei nf or mat i on.Thi sbookdesc r i besmanyexampl esofbot hmodel s andat t empt st oanal yzet hebal ancebet weent hem.Al mostcer t ai nl y ,bot hhave al o ng t e r mf ut ur e ,butt hefinalbal anc ei si mpo s si bl et of o r e c as t .

 Whydi gi t all i br ar i es?

 Thef undame nt alr easonf orbui l di ngdi gi t all i br ar i e si sabel i eft hatt he y  wi l lpr ovi debe t t erdel i v er yofi nf or mat i ont hanwaspossi bl ei nt hepas t .  Tr adi t i onall i br ar i esar eaf undament alpar tofs oc i e t y ,butt he yar enotpe r f ect .

He r ea r es omeoft hepo t e nt i albe ne fit sofdi g i t all i br a r i e s .

•

 Thedi gi t all i br ar ybr i ngst hel i br ar yt ot heuser.T ous eal i br a r yr e qui r e s ac c e s s .Tr adi t i o nalme t ho dsr e q ui r et hatt heus e rg o e st ot hel i br ar y .I na uni ver si t y ,t hewal kt oal i br aryt akesaf ew mi nut es,butnotmanypeopl e ar ememberofuni ver si t i esorhaveanear byl i br ary .Manyengi neer sor phy s i c i ansc ar r youtt he i rwo r kwi t hde pr e s s i ng l ypo orac c e s st ot hel at e s t i nf ormat i on.

 Adi gi t all i br ar ybr i ngst hei nf or mat i ont ot heuser ' sdesk,ei t he ratwor kor athome,maki ngi teasi ert ouseandhencei ncr easi ngi t susage.Wi t ha

18

di g i t all i br a r yont hede s kt o p,aus e rne e dne v e rv i s i tal i br a r ybui l di ng .The l i br aryi swher eve rt her ei saper sonalcomput erandanet wor kconnect i on.

•

Comput erpoweri susedf orsear chi ngandbr owsi ng.Comput i ngpower canbeusedt ofindi nf ormat i on.Paperdocument sar econve ni entt or ead,  butfindi ngi nf or mat i ont hati ss t or edonpaperc anbedi ffic ul t .Des pi t et he my r i ado fs e c ondar yt o ol sandt hes ki l lofr e f e r e nc el i br a r i ans ,us i ngal ar g e l i br arycan beat oughchal l enge.Acl ai mt hatusedt obemadef or t r a di t i onall i br a r i e si st hatt he ys t i mul at es er e ndi pi t y ,be caus er e ade r s s t umbl eac r o s sune x pe c t e di t e mso fv a l ue .Thet r ut hi st hatl i br ar i e sar ef ul l o fus e f ulmat e r i al st hatr e ade r sdi s c o v e ro nl ybyac c i de nt .

I nmostaspect s,comput ersy st emsar eal r eadybet t ert hanmanualmet hods f orfindi ngi nf ormat i on.Theyar enotasgoodaseverybodywoul dl i ke,but t heyar egoodandi mpr ovi ngst eadi l y .Comput er sar epart i cul ar l yusef ulf or r ef er enceworkt hati nvol vesr epeat edl eapsf r om onesour ceofi nf ormat i on t oanot her .

•

I nf ormat i on canbeshar ed.Li br ari esandarc hi vescont ai nmuch i nf ormat i ont hati suni que.Pl aci ngdi gi t ali nf ormat i ononanet workmakes i ta vai l abl et oe v er y body .Manydi g i t all i br a r i e sore l e c t r oni cpubl i c at i onsar e mai nt ai ne datasi ng l ec e nt r als i t e ,pe r hapswi t haf e w dupl i c at ec opi e s 19

st r at egi cal l ypl acedar oundt heworl d.Thi si savasti mpr ovementover e xpe ns i v ephy s i c aldupl i c at i ono fl i t t l eus e dmat e r i al ,o rt hei nc onv e ni e nc e ofuni q uemat e r i alt hati si nac c e ss i bl ewi t ho utt r a v e l i ngt ot hel o cat i o n  wher ei ti ss t or e d. •

I nf ormat i oni seasi ert okeepcur r ent.Muchi mpor t anti nf or mat i onnee ds t obebr oughtupt odat econt i nual l y .Pri nt edmat eri al sareawkwar dt o updat e,si ncet heent i r edocumentmustber epri nt ed;al lcopi esoft heol d  v er s i onmus tbet r ac keddownandr epl aced.Keepi ngi nf or mat i oncur r enti s muchl essofapr obl em whent hedefini t i vev er si oni si ndi gi t alf ormatand st ore donacent r alcomput er .

Manyl i br ar i e spr o v i deonl i net het e x to fr e f e r e nc ewo r ks ,s uc hasdi r e c t o r i e s orencycl opedi as.Wheneverr evi si onsar erecei vedf r om t hepubl i sher ,t hey ar ei ns t al l e do nt hel i br ar y ' sc omput e r .Thene wv e r s i o nsar eav a i l abl e i mme di at e l y .TheLi br ar yo fCo ng r e s shasano nl i nec ol l e c t i o n,c al l e d  Thomast hatcont ai nst hel at es tdr af t sofal ll egi sl at i onc ur r ent l ybef or et he U. S.Co ng r e s s ;i tc hang e sc ont i nual l y .

•

 Thei nf or mat i oni sal waysavai l abl e.Thedoor so ft hedi g i t all i br a r yne v er c l o s e;ar e c e nts t udyataBr i t i s huni v e r s i t yf o undt hatabo uthal ft heus ag e ofal i br a r y ' sdi g i t alc ol l e c t i onswasatho ur swhe nt hel i br a r ybui l di ng swe r e 20

c l o s ed.Mat e r i al sa r ene v e rc he c ke do utt oo t he rr e ade r s ,mi s s s he l v e do r st ol en;t heyar enev eri nanoffcampuswar ehouse.Thescopeoft he c ol l e c t i o nse x pandsbe y o ndt hewal l so ft hel i br ar y .Pr i v at epape r si nan o ffic eort hec o l l e c t i o nso fal i br ar yo nt heo t he rs i deoft hewo r l dar ease as y t ous easmat e r i al si nt hel oc all i br ar y .

Di g i t all i br ar i e sar eno tpe r f e c t .Co mput e rs y s t e msc anf ai landne t wo r ks ma ybes l o wo runr e l i abl e ,but ,c o mpar e dwi t hat r adi t i o nall i br ar y , i nf ormat i oni smuchmor el i kel yt obeavai l abl ewhenandwher et heuser  want si t .

•

New f ormsofi nf ormat i on becomeposs i bl e.Mostofwhati sst oredi na c onv e nt i o nall i br ar yi spr i nt e do n pape r ,y e tpr i nti sno tal wa y st hebe s twa y t or ecor danddi sse mi nat ei nf or mat i on.Adat abasemaybet hebes twayt o s t o r ec e ns usdat a,s ot hati tc anbeanal y z e dbyc omput e r ;s at e l l i t edat acan  ber ender edi nmanydi ffer entways;amat hemat i csl i br ar ycans t or e mat hemat i calexpr es si ons,notasi nkmar ksonpaperbutascomput er sy mbol st obemani pul at edbypr ogr amss uc hasMat hemat i caorMapl e.

Ev e nwhe nt hef o r mat sar es i mi l ar ,mat e r i al st hatar ec r e a t e de x pl i c i t l yf o r t hedi g i t alwo r l da r eno tt hes ameasmat e r i al sor i g i nal l yde s i g ne df o rpape r orot hermedi a.Wor dst hatar es pokenhaveadi ffer enti mpactf r om wor ds 21

t hatar ewr i t t e n,ando nl i net e x t ualmat e r i al sar es ubt l ydi ffe r e ntf r o m ei t hert hespokenorpr i nt edwor d.Goodaut hor susewor dsdi ffer ent l ywhen t heywr i t ef ordi ffer entmedi aanduser sfindnew wayst ouset he i nf or mat i on.Mat e r i al sc r e at e df ort hedi g i t alwor l dc anhav eav i t al i t yt hati s l ac ki ngi nmat e r i alt hathasbe e nme c hani c al l yc onv e r t e dt odi g i t alf o r mat s ,  j us tasaf eat ur efil m ne v erl ooksqui t er i ghtwhens hownont e l ev i s i on.

Eac ho ft hebe ne fit sde s c r i be dabo v ec anbes e e ni ne x i s t i ngdi g i t all i br ar i e s .  The r ei sanot hergr oupofpot ent i albenefit s,whi c hhav enoty e tbeen de mons t r a t e d,buthol dt ant al i z i ngpr o spe c t s .Thehopei st hatdi g i t all i br a r i e s  wi l ldev el opf r om s t at i cr eposi t or i esofi mmut abl eobj ect st opr ovi deawi de r ang eofs e r v i c e st hatal l o wc o l l abo r a t i o nande x c hang eofi de as .The t e c hnol og yofdi g i t all i br a r i e si sc l os el yr e l at e dt ot het e c hnol og yus e di nfie l ds s uc hase l e c t r o ni cmai landt e l e c onf e r e nc i ng ,whi c hha v ehi s t or i c al l yhadl i t t l e r e l at i o ns hi pt ol i br a r i e s .Thepo t e nt i alf o rc onv e r g e nc ebe t we e nt he s efie l dsi s e xc i t i ng .( 2000)

 AnI nt egr at edLi br ar ySyst em

 AnI nt egr at e dLi br ar ySys t em ( I LS)usual l yi ncl udesse v er alcr i t i cal component ssuchasacqui si t i on,cat al ogi ng,cat al og( searchandfind) , ci r cul at i on,andmembermanagement .Tradi t i onal l yi thasbeent hecent erof 22

anyl i br a r y .Re ce ntde v el opme nti ndi g i t all i br a r i e sr e s ul t si ndi s t r i but e d s y s t e msi nl i br a r i e sandanI LSi st r e at e dasoneofdi g i t all i br a r ys y s t e ms .I ti s s t i l lc r i t i c alt oha v eac e nt r a l i z e dI LSt opr o v i deapr i mar ywa yt oac c e ssl i br a r y ownedmat eri al sf orAf ghani st an uni ver si t i esandcol l eges.Ot herser vi cessuch asi nt e rl i br ar yl o anando t he rdi g i t all i br ar ys y s t e msc anbef ur t he rde v e l o pe d t oe xt e ndl i br ar i e s 's e r v i c e st ous e r sa ndc o mmuni t i e s .( 2005) Cur r ent l yt heI LS mar keti spr i mari l ydomi nat edbycommer ci alsys t ems such as I nnov at i ve I nt er f ace, Endeavor , and Si r si . Compar ed wi t h ot her comput i ng ar eas ,open sour cesys t ems i nI LS ar ei mmat ur e and l i mi t ed,as t her ear eonl ya f ew pr oduct savai l abl eand mostoft hepr oduct sdonothave t hef ul lf e at ur e so fanI LS.Ho we v e r ,t he yar epr o vi di ngav al uabl eal t e r nat i v et o t hosecost l ycommer ci alsyst ems. Bas e do nt hea v ai l abi l i t yofe xi s t i ngf undi ng ,e xpe r i e nc e swi t h commer ci alvendor s,andconsi der at i onofvendorsupport sandf ut ur e di r e c t i o ns ,t heaut ho r sde c i de dt obui l dt heDi g i t alLi br ar yi nf r a s t r uc t ur ewi t h t he" open"concept( openaccess,opensour ce,andopenst andards) .The deci si oni swi del yi nfluencedbygl obal i zat i on,openaccess,opensour ce,open st andar ds,andi ncr easi nguser ’ sexpect at i ons.Att hesamet i me,t hedeci si on gi vesusanopport uni t yt odevel opandi nt egrat enew t ool sandservi cesf or l i br a r i e sass ug ge s t e dbyt heUni v e r s i t yofCal i f or ni a.( 2005) 23

 Thi spaperdes cr i bedanAf ghani s t andi gi t all i br ar yi ni t i at i v eofbui l di ng anI nt e g r a t e dLi br ar ySy s t e m( I LS)f o rAf g hani s t anuni v e r s i t i e sandc o l l e g e s  base donopensour c esof t war e.Asoneoft hegoal soft heAf ghaneQual i t y Di g i t alLi br ar i e sAl l i anc e ,t heaut ho r sappl i e ds y s t e msanal y s i sappr o ac h, eval uat eddi ffer entopensour ceI LS,andcust omi zedt hesel ect edsof t waret o accommodat euse r s' nee ds.  Thi shasbeenasucc essf ulende av orwhi c hme ansf oras i mi l arappr oac h t obeusedi nt hi sst udy ,asi mi l aramountofsuccesswi l lbeachi evedaswecan de v e l o pani nt e g r a t e dl i br ar ys y s t e mo uto ft e c hno l o gyatal o wc os t .  WebOPACshav ebe comeal mos tuni v er salandder npr esentday i g ue uri l i br arysyst ems.WebOPACsgener al l yofferawi der angeofsear chopt i ons.  The ymayi ncor por at ei nf or mat i onr e t r i e v alt ec hni quessuc haswor ds t emmi ng, t r unc at i o n,we i g ht e ds e ar c hi ng ,us eo ff uz z ymat c hs e ar c hl o gi c ,na t ur al l anguagepr ocessi ng;t heymaypr ovi dee nr i c h eds ubj e c tac c e s s,orenhanced c o n t e n t .Theymay( e. g.Fr et wel l Downi ng’ sOLI B)pr ovi deaut omat i cspel l i ng

c o r r e c t i o no fc o mmo nt e r ms .The yf r e que nt l ypr o v i det heabi l i t yf o rar e a de rt o s av es e ar c he sv i ae mai l .Se l f s e r v i c ef e at ur e s ,s uc hasr e ade r i ni t i at e d r eser vat i ons,r enewal s,equi pmentbooki ngs,anddocumentor der i ng,are common;t het r endi st owar ds“ borr owerempower ment ”( Saffady2000) .The i nt e r f ac e sma yi nc o r po r a t ee xt e ns i v es e ar c hl i mi t i ngorbr o ws i ngf e at ur e s . 24

Chapt er3 25

METHODOLOGY

Resear chDesi gn  Ther ese ar c herwi l lbeusedt hedesc r i pt i v eandappl i e dt ypeofr es ear c h. De s c r i pt i v er e s e a r c hde s i g ni sasci ent i ficmet hod  whi chi nvol vesobser vi ngand descri bi ngthebehavi orofasubj ectwi t houti nfluenci ngi ti nanyway. De s c r i pt i v er e s e ar c hde s i g ni sav al i dme t ho df o rr e s e ar c hi ngs pe c i fics ubj e c t s andasapr ecur sort omorequant i t at i vest udi es.Whi l stt her ear esomeval i d c onc e r nsabo utt hes t at i s t i c alv al i di t y ,asl o ngast hel i mi t at i o nsar eunde r s t o od  byt her es ear c her ,t hi st ypeofs t udyi sani nv al uabl es ci e nt i fict ool .Whi l s tt he r e s ul t sar eal wa y so pe nt oque s t i o nandt odi ffe r e nti nt e r pr e t at i o ns ,t he r ei sno do ubtt ha tt he yar epr e f e r abl et ope r f o r mi ngnor e s e ar c hatal l .( Shut t l e wo r t h, 2008)

Descr i pt i ver esearchi susedt oobt ai ni nf ormat i onconcerni ngt he curr entst at usoft hephenomenat odescri be" whatexi st s"wi t hr espectt o  v ar i abl esorc ondi t i onsi nas i t uat i on.Theme t hodsi nv ol v edr angef r om t he surve ywhi chdescri best hest at usquo,t hecorr el at i onst udywhi chi nvest i gat es t herel at i onshi pbet weenvari abl es,t odevel opment alst udi eswhi chseekt o de t e r mi nec hang e sov e rt i me .Pr i mar i l y ,t her e s e ar c he ri ni t sg oalt ode t e r mi ne t hee xi s t i ngs t at usoft heDMMMSUMLUC Li br ar yManage mentSys t em wi l lbe 26

usi ngasurv eyquest i onnai r et ogat herdat a.Asurve yquest i onnai r ewi l lal sobe empl oy edt odet er mi net hel ev elofusabi l i t yoft hedeve l opedDMMMSUMLUC I nt egr at edLi br aryManagementSys t em.  Theappl i e dt ypeofr ese ar c hwi l lal sobeuse df orsys t emsdev el opment .  Appl i edr ese ar c hi sdesi gnedt osol v epr act i calpr obl emsoft hemo de r nwor l d, r at hert hant oacqui r eknowl edgef orknowl edge' ssake.Onemi ghtsayt hatt he goaloft heappl i edsci ent i sti st oi mpr ovet hehumancondi t i on.I nt heai mt o i mpr ov et hecurr entl i br ar ymanage me ntsy s t e m ofDMMMSUMLUC,t hi s met hodol ogyi si nvokedwi t ht hegoalofi mpr ovi ngt hemanagementoft he r esour ce so ft heDMMMSUMLUC Li br ar ybyt hede v el opmentand i mpl ement at i onofacomput er basedi nt egr at edl i br arymanagementsys t em.

Popul at i on andLocal e  Thes t udywi l lbeconduct edatDMMMSUMLUC SanFer nandoCi t y .La Uni o n par t i c ul ar l y ,t heLi br a r y .Ther e s ponde nt swi l li nc l udel i br a r y admi ni s t r at o r sa nds t affs ,aswe l last heus e r so ft hel i br ar ywhoar ef ac ul t y member sands t udent s.  Tot alenume r at i onwi l lbeus edf orl i br ar yadmi ni s t r at or sands t affsof DMMMSUMLUC l i brar ywhi l epur posi v esampl i ngwi l lbeuse df orl i brar y use r swhoar ef acul t ymember sands t udent s. 27

 TheDMMMSMLUC Li br ar yi sdi v i dedi nt ofiv er eadi ngcent er sandt he mai nl i br ary.Eachr eadi ngcent ere mpl oysal i br ari an andast aff exceptf ort he mai nl i br arywhi chhast wo( 2)st affs. DMMMSUMLUC hasat ot alof246t eac hi ngs t affand50nont eac hi ng st aff.Thest udywi l lconsi derst udent senr ol l edf ort heSecondSemest er ,School  Year20092010.Recor dsoft heOffic eoft heCampusRegi s t r ars how t hatf or t hegi venperi od,t heschoolhasr ecorded5, 123offici al l yenr ol l edst udent s.  TheLync hFor mul awasusedt ode t er mi net hesampl esi z eoft he st udent ,f acul t yandst aff r espondent s.Thedi st ri but i onofr espondent si s showni nTabl e1.  Tabl e1.Di s t r i but i onofRespondent s

Respondent s

Popul at i on

Li br ar i ansandSt aff

13

Facul t ymember sandNont eac hi ng Staff

100

St udent s

500

 Thi swi l lbeusedt ode t er mi net hee xi s t i ngs t at usoft heDMMMSUMLUC l i br ar y manag e ment sys t em and t he usabi l i t y of t he DMMMSUMLUC I nt egr at edLi br aryManagementSys t em.

Dat aI nst r ument at i on andCol l ect i on

28

 Tode t er mi net hee xi s t i ngs t at usofmanagi ngt hel i br ar yofDMMMSUMLUC,Wet her be’ sPI ECESf r amewor kwi l lbeuse d( se eAppendi xA) .The PI ECESf r amewor ki susedf ori dent i f yi ngoper at i onalpr obl emst obesol ved.I t i sac he c kl i s tus e df o ri de nt i f y i ngpr o bl e mswi t hane x i s t i ngi nf o r mat i o n s ys t e m.I tc ons i s t soft hef ol l o wi ng : •

Per f ormance:I ti ndi cat eswhet hert hecur r entt hr oughputandr esponse t i mear eadequat e.

•

I nf o r mat i o n:I ti ndi c at e swhe t he rt hee ndus e r sg e tt i me l y ,ac c ur at e ,and us e f uli nf o r mat i o n.

•

Economy:I ti ndi cat eswhet herser vi cespr ovi dedbyt hecurr entsyst em ar ec os t e ffe ct i v e .

•

Co nt r ol :I ti ndi c at e swhe t he rt he r ea r ee ffe c t i v ec ont r o l st opr o vi de accur at eandsecur ei nf ormat i on.

•

Effici ency:I ti ndi cat eswhet hert hecur r entsys t em makesgooduseof r esour ces.

•

Se r vi c es :I ti ndi c at e swhe t he rt hec ur r e nts e rv i c esar er e l i abl e ,fle xi bl e , andexpandabl e. Fort hedevel opmentoft hesyst em,t her esearcherwi l lbeusi ngt he

Rapi dAppl i cat i on Devel opment.JamesMart i n,i nhi sbookfir stcoi ni ngt he t erm,wr ot e,“ Rapi dAppl i cat i onDevel opment( RAD)i sadevel opmentl i f ecycl e 29

desi gnedt ogi vemuchf ast erdevel opmentandhi gher qual i t yr esul t st han t hose ac hi e v e dwi t ht het r adi t i o nall i f e c y c l e .I ti sde s i g ne dt ot aket hemax i mum advant ageofpowerf uldevel opmentsof t war et hathasevol vedr ecent l y . ” Rapi dAppl i cat i onDev el opmenti sasof t war edev el opmentmet hodol ogy t hati nv o l v e st e c hni q ue sl i kei t e r a t i v ede v e l o pme ntands of t war epr o t o t y pi ng .  Acc or di ngt oWhi t t en( 2004) ,i ti samer gerofv ar i ouss t r uct ur edt ec hni que s, e s pe c i al l ydat adr i v e nI nf o r mat i o nEng i ne e r i ng ,wi t hpr o t o t y pi ngt e c hni q ue st o accel er at esof t waresys t emsdevel opment .

Fi gur e2.Rapi dAppl i cat i onDeve l opmentParadi gm

I nRapi dAppl i cat i onDeve l opment ,st r uct ur edt echni quesand pr ot ot ypi ngar eespeci al l yusedt odefineuser s'r equi r ement sandt odesi gnt he finalsyst em.Thedevel opmentpr ocesss t art swi t ht hedevel opmentof 30

pr el i mi narydat amodel sandbusi nesspr ocessmodel susi ngst r uct ur ed t echni ques–r equi r ement sanal ysi sanddesi gn.I nt henextst age,r equi r ement s arev eri fiedusi ngpr ot ot ypi ng,event ual l yt orefinet hedat aandpr ocessmodel s.  The ses t age sar er epeat e di t er at i v el y;f ur t herdev el opmentr es ul t si n" a combi nedbusi nessr equi r ement sandt ec hni caldesi gnst at ementt obeusedf or const ruct i ngnew syst ems" .( Bent l y ,2004)  Tode t er mi net heus abi l i t yoft heDMMMSUMLUC I nt egr at edLi br ar y ManagementSyst em,t her esear cherwi l lbeusi ngt heSof t wareUsabi l i t y Measur ementI nvent ory( SUMI )( seeAppendi xB) .SUMIi sar i gor ousl yt est ed andpr ovenmet hodofmeasur i ngsof t warequal i t yf r om t heenduser ' spoi ntof  vi e w.SUMIi saconsi s t e ntme t hodf orasse ss i ngt hequal i t yofuseofas of t war e pr o duc to rpr o t o t y pe ,andc anas s i s twi t ht hede t e c t i o no fus abi l i t yfla wsbe f o r e apr oducti sshi pped.SUMIi sr ec ommendedt oanyor gani z at i onwhi chwi shes t ome as ur et hepe r c e i v e dq ual i t yofus eofs o f t war e ,e i t he ra sade v e l o pe r ,a consumerofsof t ware,orasapur chaser /consul t ant .SUMIi si ncr easi ngl y  bei ngusedt ose tqual i t yofus er equi r ement sbysof t war epr ocur er s.SUMIal s o as s i s t st hemanag e ri ni de nt i f y i ngt hemo s tappr o pr i at es of t war ef o rt he i r o r g a ni z a t i o n.I thasbe e nwe l ldo c ume nt e dt hati fs t affha v equal i t yt o ol st o  wor kwi t h,t hi scont r i but est oov e r al le ffic i enc yofs t aff andt hequal i t yoft hei r  wor kout put . 31

Dat aAnal ysi s  Toanal yz et hegat her eddat at her esear c herwi l lbeus i ngmean,and  we i ght edmeanandgr andmean.As t andar dLi ker tScal ewi l lbeusedt o anal yzet hedat a. Fort hest at usoft heexi st i ngst at usofmanagi ngt here sour cesoft he DMMMSUMLUC l i brar y ,t hef ol l owi ngscal ewi l lbeuse dwi t ht he c or r e s pondi ngde s c r i pt i v er a t i ng sasf ol l o ws :

 Tabl e2.St at usoft heExi s t i ngDMMMSUMLUC Li br ar yManagementSys t em

Numer i cal Equi val ent

Rat i ngScal e

Descri pt i ve Rat i ng St r ong l yAgr ee

5

4. 21–5. 00

4

3. 41–4. 20

3

2. 61–3. 40

Ne ut r al

Cons t r ai nt

2

1. 81–2. 60

Di sagr ee

Capabi l i t y

1

1. 00–1. 80

St r ongl yDi sag r ee

Capabi l i t y

 Agr ee

Cons t r ai nt Cons t r ai nt

Formeanr at i ngsbet ween2. 61and5. 00,i twi l lbeconsi der eda c o ns t r ai ntasi ti sawe akpo i ntf o rt hee x i s t i ngs y s t e m.Ont heo t he rhand, meanr at i ngsbet ween1. 00and2. 60areconsi der edcapabi l i t y ,ast her ear e s t r e ng t hsoft hee xi s t i ngs ys t e m. 32

 Todes cr i bet heusabi l i t yoft heDMMMSUMLUC I nt egr at edLi br ar y ManagementSys t em sof t war eusi ngt heSof t war eUsabi l i t yMeasur ement I nv e nt o r y( SUMI )i nt e r msofe ffic i e nc y ,he l pf ul ne s s ,c o nt r o landl e ar nabi l i t y , t hef o l l o wi ngLi ke r ts c al ewi t ht hec or r e s po ndi ngde s cr i pt i v er a t i ng swi l lbe used:  Tabl e 3.Usabi l i t y oft he DMMMSUMLUC I nt egr at ed Li br ar y Manage ment Sy s t e m

Numer i cal Equi val ent

Rat i ngScal e

Descri pt i ve Rat i ng St r ong l yAgr ee

5

4. 21–5. 00

4

3. 41–4. 20

3

2. 61–3. 40

Neut r al

Fai r l yUs abl e

2

1. 81–2. 60

Di sagr ee

Unusabl e

1

1. 00–1. 80

St r ongl yDi sag r ee

Ver yUnus abl e

 Agr e e

Ver yUs abl e Us abl e

Formeanr at i ngsbet ween3. 41and5. 00,i twi l lbei nt erpre t edast he sof t war ebei ng“ usabl e” .Ont heot herhand,meanr at i ngsbet ween1. 00and 3. 40areconsi der ed“ notusabl e” ,asrespondent sarenotsat i sfiedwi t ht he s of t war e .

33

REFERENCES

Mo r r i s ,B.( 2004 A ) . dmi s t po r t ,CT : ni s t er i ngt hes c hoo ll i br ar yme di ac e nt er.We Li br ar i e sUnl i mi t e d. Rat hi nasabapat hy ,G ( 2006)Bui l di ngDi gi t alLi br ari esbyusi ngOpenSour ce Sof t ware :Opport uni t i esandChal l enges.I nRat hi nasabapat hy ,G,Eds. Pr o c e edi ng sNat i o nalCo nf e r e nc eo n" Di g i t alLi br ar i e s :Fr o mT e c hno l o gyt o ,Coi mbat or e,I NDI A. Cul t ur e "  Anct i l ,Er i c ,andJams hi dBehes ht i( 2004) .OpenSour c eI nt e g r at e dL i br ar y Syst ems:AnOver vi ew. 34