Prophecy Messiah

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]h[øEy `[wo`e[øhAy BZFyYhSyáUFyButêA]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt; [p`Xkh:FoA BZFy YhSy ^o eBjêAe]hy[Iy: BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy AYyOEyËnEyáUFyeêAhEy: Sh: [IyXr> `h:SIy:ButêATi]Iy< PwÓ`OpTEy; e[h¹woEyEváTIy]p[pPoXkh:Xnh; `]woEy:`\woEy:¹nEyt `oTyBßTy]pXkh:= OwoAyOsSy:XreêAhEyt]h VoµWh]h\EyXkh:áUFyBut]Iy< Ye¸e[h¹wowEyEv]h:`Xkh:Fo Xnh VoµWh]hOZh:¹nEyt Voµ`eêAhEy:AwoTEy eAhEy:FshSh:X[IyêAeT< 6< FhOSy=[nIytAsAy< FhOSy=[nIytAsAyeêAhEyt [p]h:Xkh:]Iy XkAyASy:Aut]wÓ [Xy:Xnh:ButêA ]Iy< FhOSy]Iy Xnh:YsEy:e]hBvYpBkAy¹nEyt Wh]hOZh:Xkh:Aow `]ov:BkAh; BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo X]wËnwSh:X[Iy¹woEye`hEyOh:Gx:eS]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy FhOSy¹nEyt ]p=[nIFyt h:XrAwo]w]Iy< @[nIytFh:XreêAhEyt; FhOSy=`eêAhEy:Awo X]we]h]pXkh:A Xnh:YsEy:e]hYvoêAIyáBEy:¹nEytWh]hOZh:> FhOSyAow Bkx:XsXy: CoNyæTAh TpeHhyXrXkh:æT[oTyButêA]Iy< `BýwWh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy FFyXnSye]h WoZh:]BEyAwo Bkx:XsXy:CoNyæTZXIyt`Fh: FhOSyAwo WoZh:Aut]wÓBkx:eáXÕhAyêA]Iy< FhOSy¹nEyt ]p=HhOw`XnSyAXwo ]we]heêAhEyt ËnwBwo:ZSy¹nEyt [pPoAewo UhyáTZSy ÌoTyOo Xkh:Awo Po[oT[ y øAyËnwêA]Iy< aTXh; VoµWh]h\EyXkh:A eçXÌoTy; SCi:ÌoTyXkh:AwoPoPsEy:? WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy: Xkh:OsEy eSZh`¹ÒvPh:AhËnwBow:êA]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FhA PowÌoTyPoXkh:Xnh FhOSy Awo TvoeGhEyeêAhEy:eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< VoµWh]h\Ey`Xkh:FoAFhOSy=ÌoTyOoXkh: Po[oTyAh Awo:AsYyeSêA]IyXnh Ye¸OwoEyáUFy]Iy< Pow]ÓwáUFyáBEy:Xnh; FhOSy¹nEyt ]p=[nIytAsAyAow ]wËnwSh:[IyXrSIy:Ti:áBEy:eêAhEytáUFy]Iy< FhOSy]Iy Pwo]p Xkh:= `]w`áXEyAwo ASy:eF?[nIytFh:eS]Iy< (1 eAh; 4:4 Aow UOyTi e[h¹woEyEvËnw VoµWh]hAwo:AsYy]pXkh:]Iy XkAyASy:TXhAwo:AsYyButêA e]heêAhEyt áTSy[IyæTáTEyOIytXOyeT:ZSy; FFyXnSye]hYvoêAIy]pXkh:áUFy[heF ZSy íAw:TXy:ZXIy< e`hAyTi`BkAyXkh:Awo e[t[hêAIytêATiFwÓ< VoµWh]h= ]XowEy:`Akay:< VoµWh]h]Iy AÉheTjËnw Wh]hîAx:Xkh:Xn OFyBoáUFy]Iy< Ye¸ AÉh eTjOsEy VoµWh]h\Ey ax:eZXnh 245,000,000 B¸yËnwTi]Iy< Wh]h\Ey`Xkh:Fo Xnh `hËnOwoAyËnw¹woEyEXv kh:åUFye]h áXSyXh; e[h; PwoEy:; OwVAy; OÌoOy; VxYAyShXy; Awo:Zx:Yh:¹nECyt kTSy ¹woEyEvXkh:áUFy]Iy< VoµWh]hOZh:Awo OwAkFsh]wËnwUwÓZSy Voµ= `eêAhEy:Awo e[t[hZeTXIy< VoµWh]hOZh:]Iy BZFyeOhyXeTjXnx WxFx 500 B¸yOsEy `w»wY¹woEyEvXn FOEyeTjeTiAy[hBut]Iy< @Wh]hOZh:Awo FOEyOIyePhEy]pXnh WoZEy ]oeµiQS (Southothana) ¹nEyt XwUoZh: ]xZwX^hXhYh (Sirimahamaya) OwÓ= ]h: ]wµ² eCiOX (Siddhartha Guatama) Gwo]p ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax: áUFyBtuTi]Iy< ]p]Iy WoZh:HhOwËnw]pX^oOy; e[hAAwoAYyOEyZSy eAhEy:AEyXnðAGEy:[h e]hWoZh:=]h:[Iy: X^oOyeT< eAhEy:AEyPAyXn @e[hA]wÓ GEy:ðA[h ? `áTFyPuAkeZhAyeSe]h[p]h:Xkh:AowAYyOEyZSy XIy]Iyt`Xw¸y`hNhXn XZËnwButeT< ]p]Iy ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax:]háUFyButTi]Iy< ]p]Iy e[hAFIy:FwXy ¹nEytGwoEye]hWoZEy=]h:`ZhAwoF¸s ?y ]ÊhOZh:AwoËnheUsBute]heêAhEyt ]¨h OZh:e[:Ti:AwoeOúËnweUhyPoOyBut]páUFy]Iy< Voµ ^pe]h`XIyXnh `áBh:]pXkh: A Bkx:áXEytBtue]hWúuShXOFyBo]háUFy]Iy< PwoFAh:[vo:=`RwÄiYyXnh ‚[Ey:eF ]p‛ ^p? áUFyTi]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt Voµ ^pe]h `XIyXnh ]p=Xp[ShXIy `ZEy: X^oOyeT< ]wµ² eCiOX ]Iy WoZEyXEy: ]oeµiQS eCiOX ¹nEyt SSy:FvXwUoZh: ]xZwX^h = 10 =

XhYh OwÓ=]h:eOhyáUFyBut]Iy< WxFx 563 OsEy `w»wY¹owEyEveOhEyTwoEy: GhBZh (Sakra) áTIySYy; ATw[\Oy (kabinhlaphath) eQ]Awo `oTyBßTyBut]Iy< Wwo:eW: Xkh:A `hZYSy (Aryan) Xkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]Ay[hAh; CkhXSy[pXßw:Xkh:[Iy: Pow Xßw:¹sYyXnGEy:]AyBtueêAhEy:]wËnwZ]Iy< eCiOXVoµ]Iy Bo¹nFyXkh:`h:XnIyteBj]Iyt eBs:¹nFy; AGoSy[áTIyt; 15 ZAy e¸OsEy eXs:Ush:ButTi]Iy< eXs:Ush:áBEy:Bve]he¸OsEy; ‘]hXSy[p]h:W\`áUFy `]AyËnEy[øEy WoZEyOFyTi:áUFy[wXytXIy; ]¸yËnEy:e]h[Xy:Aow [owAye[øhAyBtu[øEy `[Ey:eT:]p áUFy[wXytXIy’ ^o TeZhUAyæTButêA]Iy< Pwoe¸XnhTEy ^wX\ºh eOhEyAoSy:Xn GEy:[he]h Ah_eQ\x[ (Kanthevala/Kanthevin) ^oeBje]h Ze]tA eCiOXe[:Awo [h?ASyeOhtBut]Iy< Pwo]pA ‚@Ae[:]Iy ]¸yËnEy: e]h[Xy:Awo [woAye[øhAy[wXytXIy‛ ^oTeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< PwoTeZhUAyæTBkAy ]Iy eCiOX= `]AyOh> `XnSyOAYyTEy áTIytFvoBut]Iy< eCiOX]Iy WoZEyt]h:eOhye[:áUFy]Iyt`OwoEy: Ae[:W\Xn eOs:eBj TIh; ]wÄvTIh; FFySIy:Và^hXkh:¹nEyt FxXvB¸yBuseZ:TIhXkh:Awo e[t[hGIy:Tp: But]Iy< BXIy:eOhyA ]¸yËnEy:e]h]páUFyZSy X[wo[h:e]heêAhEyt SIy:eTiEy:Fvo áUEyt eTkhyËòEye`hEy`[ow[owAyBut]Iy< aOo]vo:Ti:`OsAy eËòSSy:eGhEy]ov:eGhEyAow eGhAyeT:Btu]Iy< PwÓáTEy [nTe]h`\Oy`Fh:Xkh:; `Z]hBkwlåXwSye]h `Fh: `FhXkh:¹nEyt `eFBvXkh:Awo[Iy:eT:But]Iy< eCiOX`h:; `]Ay 16 ¹nFy`ËsYyOsEy BXIyy:eOhyA eQ\Q^ (Thevathaha) áTIyXn XEy:]Xx:e[: Ye]hyRZhVwÈh (Yasothala/Phimpha) ¹nEyt [Ay PTyeT:But]Iy< `h^sSy (Arhon) ^pe]h ]h:eOhyOFyTi:PsSy:Ah:But]Iy< Pwo ]wÓe]hW\> 13 ¹nFyêAheSPwoEyBut]Iy< eCiOX]Iy Pow 13 ¹nFy `eOh`OsEy: SSy:eOhyXne[:îAwXyPsAyBut]Iy< OFyîAwXyFxOsEy XOpIxe]h`áUFy`TkAy OFyBoFx eOúBut]Iy< TPX`îAwXyOsEy `Wwo:`woOFyax:¹nEeyt OúBut]Iy< QoOwY`îAwXO y sEy e][oSx:Ti: eZhCiBvFh:eSe]h]p¹nEyteOúBut]Iy< OOwY`îAwXyOsEy `e[hEy: ]YyeGhEy[he]h]p¹nEyteOúBut]Iy< FOo²`êAwXy>Xp ]¸yËnEy:?e[:Fh:PwoAy e]h To¥wl[yOFyax:¹nEyteOú? áXEytáXOye]h]p^o ]p=FwOy>BvFh:But]Iy< PwoTo¥wl[y `eêAhEy:Awo e]Bkhe[t[h]Iyt`Bi Pwo]p]Iy ]ÊhOZh:¹nEyt eTkhyËòEyáBEy:Awo ËnheUsáBEy:Enh e[hAQo£e\QShXkh:AwoeAkhy[sSyåTx: e[hA`ZhXkh:¹nEyt XwXwAwoYy Awo áUOyeOhAyBut]páUFyeêAhEy: ]wËnwBut]Iy< eCiOX]Iy TPX]vo:îAwXy> eOúËnwBute]h`áUFy`TkAyXkh:Xn [ÔW\Aow e[:e[:SAySAy Fay:Fh:But]Iy< [p]h:Xkh:=e\QShXkh:Aow eOúËnwBvFh:But]Iy< eXøhy[EytáBEy:TkAy]oSy:eSe]h [p]h:Xkh:=W\AwoeOs:ZEy: \Xy:SIy:But]Iy< [p = 11 =

]h:Xkh:=W\]Iy eXs:Ush:áBEy:; îAx:Psh:áBEy:; e\QShBvFh:áBEy:; e]áBEy:¹nEyt áTSy [IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:Pu>]h ]v]Zh[IyeS]Iy^o YovêAIyBtu]Iy< @]wÓ [IyTOy eSe]h]v]ZhXn `WYy]pXøX[sOyeáXhAy¹woEy^oBvFh:Ah [ÔW\=`áUFyGwo:Xkh: eêAhEyt ZOAyXe`:BvFh:ButZ]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt eCiOX]Iy @]v]ZhXn `A÷Oy OZh:Awo ËnheUsZSy G»áTEy:áTBut]Iy< FOo²`îAwXy> eOúáXEyBute]h`áUFy`TkAyeêAhEyt e[hA`ZhXkh:Awo Fs¸y [sOy? ]¸yËnEy:e]h]p AkEytêAvBut]Iyt`OwoEy: åEwXy:e`:BkXy:]háBEy:Awo ËnheUs? e[hA`ZhXkh:Aow e`hEyáXEye]h]páUFye`hEy íAw:Fh:ZSyGvo:áUOyBut]Iy< PwÓ eêAhEyt eCiOX]Iy SSy:eOhy; XwUoZh:¹nEyt ]h:eOhyOwÓAwo Fs¸y? XwXwFwOy> BvFh:eS e]háTcShXkh:=`eáU (]ÊhOZh:) Awo ËnheUsBut]Iy< eáBhAy¹nFyB¸y ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUsZEy:AoSy[sSyeFBut]Iy< ]peOúGvoBute]h áXEytáXOye]h]p¹nEyt`OpËnheUse]hy[Iy: XIy]Iyt`eáUAwoXøXeOúËnwButeT< eShAy Gvo:OsEy eCiOXAwoYyOwoEyATEy ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:Aow ËnheUseOúËnwBut]Iy< PwoOZh: `h:áUEyt Voµ (`[Ey:eT:]p) ^o PEyËnh:[hBut]Iy< 1< ]¨hOZh:(4)Ti: ‚eOhEy:êAe[ht< eOhEy:[øEyZXIy< ËnhêAe[ht< Ënh[øEyeOúXIy< OvBi:Awo eBiAyêAe[ht< eBiAy[øEyUsEytXIy< eOhEy: e]h]pXIy]IyAh:Z=< Ënhe]h]p[Iy:eOú=< eBiAye]h]p`h:[Iy: OvBi: AwoUsEyt=‛ ^oGwoPh:Ti]Iy< [woAye[øhAyZXIyt OZh:ËnFyTi: (X¥EyËnFyTi:)< @OZh:ËnFyTi:]Iy GEy:ZuQo£Awo eáTåEwXy:eFe]hOZh:X^oOyeT< GEy:Zu Qo£Awo `Gvo:]OyeFe]hOZh:[Iy: X^oOyeT< ]wÓe]hy XnSyFsháXEyáBEy: Xn F? eShAyGov:TIOyáUFy]Iyt XnSyFshFp:FowAyOIyêAIyáBEy: ËnwAh; @OZh:ËnFyTi: `h:[vo:Awo áTIytFvoe`hEy[woAye[øhAyZSyáUFy]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh= ]sSy]EyBkAyOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFyeêAhEy: Awo ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6 OsEyeUhyáTPh::]Iy< BZFyeOhy`h: YvoêAIyAwo:Fh:e]h ]pOwoEy:]Iy ‚Ph\ZEZuXn AYyOEyáBEy:BvZXIy‛ (eYh^Sy 5:24; VkhQwOy 20:15)< ‚XOZh:e]h]pOwÓ=OwoAyOsSy:áBEy:]wÓX[woAy; [pGwo:OwÓ=[Xy:OsEyXZTy XeS; XPxXutáXEyæTe]h]pOwÓ= `FIy:e\:>XPwoEy; Ph\ZWoZh:=OZh:eOhy> eXúe[khy? OZh:eOhyAwo e¸; IXTkAyGEyáBEye`hAyeXte]h]p]Iy XCz[hËnw = e`hEyáXEy[XytXIy< BkXy:]hðAYy\? îAx:Tsh: áBEy:]wÓeZhAy[wXytXIy‛ (eYhÌr 1:1-5) ^p? eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< eCiOX]Iy ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:= ]sSy]EyXreêAhEyt ]wµ² eCiOX ^p e]h`XIyXn ‚Voµ” ^pe]h`XIyAowZBtu]Iy< `RwÄiYyXnh ‚]weFe]h]p; ¹wo:P eF]p; ðAYy\]p; XwXwAwoYyAwo Owo:OAye`hEy[oTyeGhEy]p‛ áUFy]Iy< [p`Xkh:A YvoêAIyêA]Iyt`OwoEy: FFyXnSye]hWoZh:]Ów eáThEy:[ueFBtuáBEy:X^oOey T< Pwo ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:Awo eUhyPoOyBut]páUFye]heêAhEyt; [p`Xkh:A; XwXwAwoYyAwo ]wËnw Sh:[Iy]p; eAhEy:áXOye]h[Xy:Xn[h]p; [ÔW\`eêAhEy:eáTh¹woEy]p; TIhËnEy îAx:^o eBjButêAáBEy:áUFy]Iy< = 14 =

]Ey]w]Eyte]h]ÊhOZh: 1< ]wµ² eCiOX ]Iy WoZh:X^oOye]heêAhEyt WoZh:áUFyeêAhEy: eUhy áTZSy ]p>AwoYyTwoEyShX XËnweT< ]p]Iy ]Ey¹nEyt A÷¹yoTyAut]wÓ ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUs e]h]pOFyax:]h[øEyáUFyBtu]Iy< ]wÓe]hy ]p=`]AyOh> `áBh:]pXkh: PAy ]ÊhOZh:AwoíAw:Fh:ËnheUsBut]páUFy]Iy< WoZEyt]h:áUFye]heêAhEyt XEy:]h:e[: ^o eBjBt] u Iy< WoZh:áUFyeêAhEy:eUhyáTPh:áBEy:XËnweT< gEy:Awo Sh:X[Iye]h]p Xkh:A WoZh:`áUFy YvoêAIyAwo:AsYyButêAáBEy: áUFy]Iy< 2< `Xkh:A BvYp]Iyt`OwoEy: VoµWh]hOZh:]Iy e[h¹woEyEv= Wh]h OZh:X^oOyeT< [sSyBute]h¹nFyXkh:FshA `w»wY¹woEyEvXn `hËnOFyBsEy]wÓ Ttkv¹Òv[h e]h Wh]hOZh:OFyBo]háUFy]Iy< @Wh]hOZh:OsEy ^w»mWh]hOZh:= ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:¹nEyt eZhe¹nheS]áUEyt Wh]h\EyXkh:A XIy]IytOZh:A Voµ Wh]hOZh:; ^w»mWh]hOZh:áUFy]IyAowTEy Xe\BsuOOyêAeT< WoZEyXEy:îAx: UhEovXy (Fa Ngum) A VoµWh]hOZh:Awo ¹woEyEveOhyWh]h`áUFy ]OyXnOy[h e]h`Bi e[h[pXkwl:Xkh: YBEyAYvoêAIyAow:AsYyButêAe]h SOy\wIhay YvoêAIy áBEy:¹nEyt eZhePs:]sh:But]Iy< PÓweêAhEytYe¸OwoEye`hEy e[h¹woEyEv> PwoWh]h OZh: ¹nFyBoXnh ÌrTyePs:eSGuáUFy]Iy< 3< VoµWh]hOZh: e[h¹woEyEvOsEy:]wÓ \EyeZhAy[háBEy:< 1353 Bo¹nFyOsEy WoZEyXEy: UhEvoXy (Fa Ngum) A AeÉhQx:Yh:¹woEyEvXn e[h¹woEyEv]wÓ YpeGhEy[h But]Iy< ¹woEyEveOhyWh]h`áUFy PpePhEyAh OFy¹woEyEv[vo:`h: YvoêAIyAow:AsYy eFBut]Iy< `BýwA OwVAy¹woEyEv¹nEyt OÌoOy¹woEyEvXkh:Xn[Iy: OZh:X\Ey ]h]Sh æTZSy eZhAyËnwButêA]Iy< 4< \wIhayYvoêAIyáBEy:= HFyáXFy< e[h¹woEyEv]wÓ VoµWh]hX\EyXnx e[h[pXkwl:Xkh:]Iy SOy\wIhayXkh:Awo ¹nFy eTiEy:Xkh:Fsh YvoêAIyAwo:AsYyButêA]Iy< BZFyYhSy]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy; WoZh:]BEy Awo YvoêAIyAwo:AsYy]Aut]wÓ; FhOSyËnweêAhEy:Aow[Iy: YvoêAIyButêA]Iy (AÉhax: 3:1-7)< PwÓeêAhEyt [pOwÓ= YvoêAIyáBEy:Awo e`hAyTi`OwoEy: ]XwoEy:eêAhEy:`Z eOúZ]Iy< A) `F`ax:>e[hA[p]h:`h:[vo:]Iy WoZh:OFyTi:OIy:Awo]h YvoêAIy = 15 =

ButêA]Iy< SOy\wIhay¹nEyt `áBh:Wh]hXkh:Aow Aow:AsYyáBEy: XæTBtueT< B) FhOSy]Iy [p]h:Xkh: YvoêAIye]h QoOwYTo¥wl[y]háUFyBut]Iy< C) AsuáTh:e]h CwoNy:CNXkh:; YvoêAIyBkAy¹nEyt Wh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy eShAy[owAy`ZhXkh:áUFyAh; Ye¸OwoEyOIyËnweS]Iy< D) [p]h:Xkh:]Iy WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt `BkwSyêAháXEytFsh e\:AshButZhXn áTSy? WoZh:]BEyPv[nIyt[hêA]Iy< E) e[h¹woEyEv> VoµWh]hOZh:Awo ¹woEyEveOhyWh]hOFyBo`áUFy ]OyXnOy BtuBkwSyA VoµWh]hAwo Sh:[Iy]IyáUFyeF; Sh:X[Iy]IyáUFyeF; e[h ¹woEyEv> eXs:Ush:[h]pOwoEy:]Iy VoµWh]h\EyXkh:áUFyButêA]Iy< X]wSh: X[Iye]hy[Iy: eOúáXEyZe]h`Zh; XwWXkh:= YvoêAIyZh; ¹owEyEveOhy A ax:eGhEyZheShAy[woAy? YvoêAIy Awo:AsYBy utêA]Iy< F) Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:]Iy eAhEy:áXOyTi][h:< e[h¹woEyEv]h:Xkh:]Iy; Wh]hOZh:OowEy:A eAhEy:áXOyáBEy:Aow]h ]sSy ]Eye]heêAhEyt Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:]IyeAhEy:áXOy]Iy^o XkAyFwXnwOyYvoêAIy [AyBvêA]Iy< Pow]Ów[AyBváBEy:]Iy Wh]hOZh:`eêAhEy:Awo Sh:X[Iye]h eêAhEytáUFy]Iy< Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:A eAhEy:áXOye]h`ZhAwo X]sSy]EyeT< `Býwe]hWh]hOZh:Xkh:A `áBh:e]h]pXkh:=`]AyAwo TkAyFx:eF? XwXw= `]AyAwo[Iy: TkAyFx:eF¹woEyTi]Iy< eAhEy:e]hWh]hOZh:[Iy:ËnwTi]Iy< ]Ówe]hy[Iy:[p]h:Xkh:= [wo`TyBkAyAwo XáUIytGIy:¹woEyeT< eAhEy:]Iy^oBvYp e]hWh]hOZh:OowEy:]Iy ‚WoZh:]BEy; `áTFyXnAYyOEyáBEy:OZh:¹nEyt Ph\Z `]Ay‛ F]IyOÓwAowXeT:¹woEyTi< @`Zh]vo:Ti:Awo OFyBoOIy:e]h[Xy:Xn]h ZËnw ¹woEyTi]Iy< Pow[Xy:Xnh; BZFyeOhyeYÌrAowYovêAIyáBEy:áUFyTi]Iy< `WYyteêAhEyt Gwoe]hy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy AÉhe[hA[p]h:OwoEy:¹nEyt VoµWh]h\EyOwoEy:A eFhEyteXøhyeS]p eXËnwY`ËnEyTEy áUFyTi]Iy< G) ]OwæTZXIyt `ZhXkh:< WoZh:]BEy; \wIhay; Wh]hOZh:¹nEyt CwoNy:CNXkh:Xnh AsuáTh:áBh:Sh: êATi]Iy< ]Ówe]hy; WoZh:]BEyXnh OFyGpOIy:]hËnwTi]Iy< `Býwe]h]pXkh: A WoZh:`Xkh:(Xkh:Fsh)Ënw]Iy^o BvYpêA]Iy< SOy\wIhayGwo:Xkh:FshËnw]Iy< Pw\o wIhayGwo:Xkh:=eBiEy:eGhEyXnh FhOSyáUFy]Iy< Wh]hOZh: Xkh:FshËnw]Iy< `¨[Xy]h]h¹nEyt BZFyYhSyWh]hOwÓ]Iy WoZh:]BEyOFyTi:OIy:]h Ënw eêAhEy: YvoêAIy[AyBvêA]Iy< ^w»mWh]h¹nEyt GFyByWh]hOwÓA WoZh:Xkh:Fsh ËnweêAhEy: YvoêAIy[AyBvêA]Iy< `Býwe]h]pXkh:AXp WoZh:]BEyËnweêAhEy: = 16 =

XYvoêAIy êAeT< VoµWh]h; Oh`ow (Taoism,2); ËnEyOow (Shintoism,3) Wh]h OZh:Xkh:Xnh [p=FsXy:eGhEyXr`ZhAow]h [AyBvYvoêAIyêA]Iy< H) VoµWh]h]Iy WoZh:]BEy¹nEyteAhEy:AEyOXSyAwo XYvoêAIye]h]p Xkh:`[Yy>OIyePhEyBut]Iy< Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Xnh Ti_wWh]háUEyt]h eZ: ]h:Ph:e]heêAhEyt ]ÊhOZh:AwoeOúËnwZSy Voµ=eOs:eBjXr; ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Awo eAhEy:XsSyFshe[t[hZXIy< @Wh]hAwo YvoêAIye]h]pOwoEy:]Iy gEy:]sSy]Ey BkAyXkh:= `RwÄhYyAwo ËnheUse[t[hZXIy< VoµWh]hOZh:]Iy fNyTIhAwo `]vo:æTZSy¹nEyt ¹rOyATOyeOhyAwo e[:Fh:ZSy]sSy]Ey]Iy< ¹rOyATOyeOhy Gwo ]IyXnh XIy]pSIy:< ¹rOyATOyeOhyGwo]IyXnh `WYySIy:< @]sSy]EyBkAyAow êAh:Sh]pOwoEy: Sh:[Iy]wËnwZSy fNyTIhAwo`]vo:æT? e[t[hZXIy< A÷¹yoTy `OsAyXnh ¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrWoZh:TEy áUFyTi]Iy< (ËnEyeYh ^Sy 1:1-3 AowUOyTi; ‚êAIytTi; `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax:]Iy \Oy[voáUm\Oy? ]x[ËnEyXæTBute]hy VoµWh]h ]Iy `¹nFyEi:ePhEyêAheIhEy:[wXytXIy< `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax: ]x[ËnEy æTBut[øEyXp @]sSy]EyBkAy]Iy `¹nFyEi:ZhOsEyGvo:[wXytXIy‛5 ^o GwoPh:Ti]Iy<

eShEyOFyBkwSyOsEy X^hVwoeQ:BpPXx: (Mahavodeekotamee) ^o `XIyOsEy e]h `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax:]Iy ]x[ËnE\y OyBsEytæTZSyeOhEy:GwoButAh;6 BsEytæTáBEy:ZËnwBtu ]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt PowTeZhUAyæTBkAy`OwoEy: Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXnh ¹nFyeTiEy:Ei:Zh `OsAy]h áUFyButTi]Iy< VoµáT£QwSy¹nEyt BZFyYhSyáT£QwSyAwo ¹rwEy:YnayêAIyte]h`Bi VoµWoZh: TeZhUAyæTåTx:eShAy ¹nFyeTiEy:Ei:Zh`êAhOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr eTjPsSy:ButeêAhEy: eOúZ]Iy< gEy:]IyOwoAyGwoEyáBEy:OFyBo[h:< [pXkh:eZ:e[t; eáThe[tËnwe]h TvoáTEyOFyToQyËnwBut]Iy< PowTvoáTEyPuOsEy VoµAow YvoêAIyXrOwXyeAh[h]Iyt`BkwSyOsEy OFyTi:OIy:]hËnwe]hWoZh:; eX³heOhy ËnEyWoZh:; AYyOEyËnEyWoZh: GEy:]Ay[h? AYyOEyáBEy: `XræTXIy^o GowPh: ]Iy< Voµ=TeZhUAyæTBkAy> eShEy¹nFyEi:ZhOsEy VoµWh]hOZh:Xnh AsYy eTkhAy]sh:? CÌoNhËnEyWoZh: OFyTi: eTjPsSy:[hXIy^o eUhyáTButTi]Iy< Pow `BkwSy> WoZh:]BEyA TeZhUAyæTBkAyeT:? BZFyeOhyAwo `áTFyPuXn [p]h:Xkh: 5 6

Book of Buddha, Seventh Edition, page 330 (Thai Edition) Book of Buddha, 24rd edition, page 389 (Thai Edition)

= 18 =

`h:AYyOEyZSy eF[sOyButáBEy:áUFyeêAhEy: Sh:[IyZTi]Iy< gEy:Xnh OwoAyGwoEy áBEy:[h:< WoZh:]BEy= `êAvFIyeOhy[h:< BZFyYhSy]ÊhAkXy:Fh eUhyáTBkAy `Z USyGEy:ËnEyWoZh:=`êAv`FIyTEyáUFyTi]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p]h:OwoEy: Awo ]BEyeYÌr]Iy e[hA]h:Xkh: eXøhy[EyteFhEytFh:eSe]h AYyOEyËnEy áUFyeêAhEy: ]weF[ow]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhyAow`WYy]wÓáEEy:TYy¹woEyXIySIy:< ]p]Iy VoµeShAyXneTjPsSy:XIy^o VoµAGowBtu]Iyt`OowEy: WoZh:]BEy= eXËnwY ËnEy`áUFy PEyËnh:Btu]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhyAwo eXËnwYËnEy`áUFy [AyBváBEy:Xnh Voµ= TeZhUAyæTBkAyAwo [AyBváBEy:TEyáUFyTi]Iy< A÷¹yoTy]Iy WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:> Voµ]Iy `[Ey:eT:]p XáUFyBEy ]p=`XIy Xnh ]wµ² eCiOXáUFyeêAhEy: ]EyYpButTi]Iy< WxFx 543 Bo¹nFy> `w»wY¹woEyEv; GAy(B)XháTIySYy; ATw[\OyèXwAwo `oTyFwo:Bute]h WoZEyXEy: ]oeµiQS¹nEyt XwUoZh: ]xZwX^hXhYh OwÓ= ]h:eOhyáUFy]Iy< Pwo`BkwSyOsEy WoZEyXEy:¹nEyt OwoEy:]páTIy ]h:Xkh:]Iy ^w»mWh]h> ^w»mWoZh:Xkh:¹nEyt [IyTOyeSe]h W\]v]Zh> áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:Awo YvoêAIyButêA]Iy< XEy:]h:e[: ]wµ² ]Iy `oTyBßTyeZ:TIhAwo eAhEy:XsSyFsh ]EyYpBute]hy [Iy: îAx:áTEy:[he]h`Bi ¹woEyEveZ:Awo FwOy\EyFh:áBEy:XæTWu; [Ô`]AyOh `eêAhEy:Aow]h FwOy\EyFh:[hBut]Iy< @Aut]wÓ áUFyZáBEy:Xnh ]p=FwOyPu> áUFy eTj[he]h eX:BsSy:Xkh:Awo `eáUËnhZhXn áUFyeTj[háBEy:áUFy]Iy< PoweX:BsSy: Xnh; [p]Iy`WYy]Ówe]h]³\iáUFy]SIy:< `WYy`ZTyXn [h]SIy:< `WYyt `OsAyeêAhEyt `]AyËnEyZ]SIy:< e]åTx:eShAy `WYy`ZTy]wÓ]sh: XIySIy:< @eX:BsSy:Xkh:Aow A÷¹yoTy[Iy:eX:áXSy:[owFwOyËnwBut]Iy< ]wµ² ]Iy @ eX:BsSy:Xkh:= `eáUAwo]wËnw[woe]heêAhEyt WoSy:îAx:Xkh:¹nEyt ^w»mTeZhUAyXkh:> e[t[h ]EyYpBut]Iy< ]wÓe]hy]pFwOyeAkSTye]h `eáUAwo XZËnwButeT< `]Ay 16 ¹nFy> `wXyePhEyæTAh ]h:eOhyOFyTi:PsSy:Ah:Btu]Iy< ]wµ² ]Iy [AyPTyåTx: ]h:eOhyOFyax:TEy ZËnBw ute]hy[Iy: ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUs [woe]h ]p=G»Xnh eTkhAyX]sh:ButeT< PwÓeêAhEyteShAyGvo:OsEy `]Ay 29 ¹nFyËnw[he]h`Bi Xw]h:Fo; T¨Iy:a¨h ¹nEyt SSy:eOhyAwoFs¸y? eOhPsAyAh ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUsZSy Gvo:áUOyBut]Iy< ]wµ² ËnheUsBute]h`ZhXnh VoµWh]h= ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:TEyáUFy[h]Iy< ax:FsheZhAy]p¹nEyteShAyXneZhAy[h]p; `WYy]p]Iy `eZ:îAx:]SIy:< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ¹woEyEv> ]BEyeYÌr`eêAhEy: FOEy]sSy]Ey[h]Iyt`Bi eËÒAke]h ]p¹nEty eShAyAke]h]p`WYy]p]Iy]h? `eZ:îAx:eêAhEy:áEEy:BvoBut]Iy< = 19 =

OFyax:A ‚Voµ]IyeËn:Ake]heêAhEytTwo?áXEytáXOy]Iy< TeZhUAyæTBute]h]p áUFy e]heêAhEytTwo?áXEytáXOyeêAhEy: ]wZ]Iy‛ ^oGwo]Iy< ]wÓe]hy `áBh:e]hOFyax:A ‚BZFyeOhy]Iy eShAyXn[he]heêAhEyt ]h? áXEytáXOy]Iy‛ ^o eáTh]Iy< Two?e[t[he[ Two?Sh:[Iy[h]IyXnh @`eáU¹nFyBoF[vo:Xnh `RwÄiYyËnwTi ]Iy< ]wÓe]hy[Iy: Pow]p¹nFyax:=ZIyËsYyBkAy¹nEyt XIy]pXIy\i áUFyeêAhEy:Xnh `EyXOSyXn AsuáTh:áBh:Sh:eêAhEy: e`hAyTi`OwoEy:]wËnwZTi]Iy< Voµ

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2< `w»wY¹woEyEvWZo EytXkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]Ay[h ]páUFy]Iy< ]p=UBEyXnh ]oeµiQS áUFy? XwBEyXnh ]xZwX^hXhYh áUFy=<

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3< ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax:]háUFy]Iy< eXs:Ush: ZSy eF[sOyáBEy:BvZe]h WoZh:X^oOyeT<

3< BXIy:eOhy= eF[sOyáBEy:BvZ? [p]h:Xkh: `h: `áTFyXnAYyOEyZSy e[hA]wÓðA[h e]h]páUFy]Iy<

4< XwBEy=`wTyXAy; FwOyAp:`OwoEy: eXs:Ush:[h e]h ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax:]háUFy]Iy<

4< WoZh:]BEy= COweOhy`OwoEy:; RÊe^hEy: AkXy:Fh> eUhyáTPh:e]h COweOhy`OwoEy: eXs:Ush:[h]páUFy]Iy<

5< [p]h:= FwOyG»`Z ]Wh\`OwoEy: eXs:Ush:[h]páUFyTi]Iy<

5< [ÔG»áUEyt X^oOyWu ]¸yËnEy:e]h \wIhay eOhy`h:áUEyt TJw]eÀOIy? eXs:Ush:But]p áUFy]Iy<

6< XIy]Iyt `vtUY s yZh SwXwOy[£NhXn X[oTyáTButeT<

6< `vtê]WsYy SwXwOy[£NhXkh:áT]But]Iy< `PEy Ënh:Gov:¹nEyt `eZ:`îAx:Gvo:Xnh [pAow e]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy:áUFy]Iy<

7< ]hXSy[pXkh:Aut]wÓTEy TIh]EyYpBut]Iy<

7< fNyTIh¹nEyt áTIytFvo]Iy<

8< ]h:XYh:ËnwBut]Iy<

8< ]h:XYh:XËnwButeT<

= 20 =

9< `]Ay 80 OsEy \Ay]h:`GwTyOAyåTx: e]Gvo:Bu] t Iy< ]p=e]Gvo:áBEy:> ZIyËsYy BkAyXËnweT<

9< `]Ay 33 ¹nFyOsEy [Ay\i:Ah:OwoEyeTj `e]BvBut]Iy< ZIyËsYyBkAyXnh `áTFyPuXn [p]h:Xkh:Aow AYyOEyZSyáUFy]Iy<

10< e]áBEy:Xn áTSy[IyPeáXhAyáBEy:XËnwButeT< `áXu e]e]h]páUFy]Iy<

10< AkXy:Fh> TeZhUAyæTPh:]Iyt `OwoEy: e]Buet ]hy[Iy: ]vo:ZAyeáXhAy e]he¸> ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyBut]Iy< 11< ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyåTx: OTIyteOhyXkh:¹nEyt ZAyeTiEy: 40 `OpeSButåTx: [peTiEy: 500 XkAyeXnhAy> eAhEy:AEy]wÓ BkxeGhEyáBEy: BvBut]Iy<

11< e]Gv:o åTx: `WYy`ZTy]Ów ]sh:]IyAwo `WYy]pXøX]weT<

12< YBoBkwSy Wh[oTyeS]IyAwo[Iy: `WYy ]pXø X]weT<

13< Voµ]Iy áTSyðA[hXIyX^oOyeOhteT<

12< BZFyeOhy]Iy WoZh:]BEy= [AyYh WAyOsEyPwoEyåTx:; A÷¹yoTyOwÓ`OsAy GoeOhEy: eT:eS]Iy< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ`OsAyeS`wXyAwo áTEyGEyeT:eS]Iy< 13< @e[hA]wÓ OUSyáTSy[h? OZh:FxZEy `oTyFow:[wXytXIy<

@ 13 BkAyáUEyt Voµ¹nEyt eYÌrBZFyeOhy= FFyXnSye]h ]eWh]Wh\Xnh AusáTh:áBh:Sh:eêAhEy:Awo ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh]wËnwZTi]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt ax:FsheZhAyËnw[h]p; eShAyXn[h]p^o BsuáBh:]IyXnh `eZ:XTieOhteT< Pwo]p=eZhAy[háBEy: ZIy ËsYy BkAy¹nEyt XIy]pXIy\iáUFyeêAhEy:]Iy]h `eZ:îAx:Ti]Iy<

Voµ]Iy ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUs]páUFy]Iy< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy ]ÊhOZh:áUFy]Iy< (ËnEyeYh^Sy 5:24)

= 21 =

`BSy: (4) Toáv TEyPuA AYyOEyËEn yOFyTi:; 



Fh:e]hAye]h]p]Iy eAkSTy[wXytXIy; ]EyFh:e]h`Fh`h:áUEyt XFh:e]h]pAow eAkSTyeFXIyX^oOy< ]Eyt\wIhayËnEy]SyZSy AYyOEyËnEyAwoYvoêAIy[AyBvZXIy; `áBh:e]h]p=YvoêAIyáBEy:áUEyt ]EyAYyOEyáBEy:XZ¹woEyeT<

ðAGEy:[hXIyt AYyOEyËnEy`OsAyTeZhUAyæTBkAy< `eFhTwoEy:OsEy eUhyáTPh:]Iyt`OwoEy: A÷¹oyTyOwÓ¹woEyEvOsEy eËn:e^hEy:TvoáTEy OFyToQyËnwBut]Iy< PwoTvoáTEy> ‚VoµWh]hOZh: OwXyeAh[h]Iyt`BiOsEy WoZh: OFyGpËnweêAhEy:; AYyOEyZSy CÌoNheX³hËnEyWoZh: ]wÓX^oOy AYyOEyËnEy WoZh: ðA[hXIyáUFyeêAhEy:‛ eáTháTPh:]Iy< ‚eAk:[AyeOhËshe[:OsEy GEy:Zu]h:Xkh:¹nEyt`Op eXs:Ush:BvZe]hy[Iy: OSyBwo:îAx:[wXytXIy< BÀhAowYy> QNyBkAyXkh:eêAhEyt ËsvËnhUsYyáUFy[wXytXIy< Pwo]p `h: YvoêAIy[AyBve]h]p]Iy EZu]wÓAkeZhAyáBEy:Xn [sOyeáXhAy[wXytXIy‛7 ^o VoµA TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< BZFyeOhy=]AyeOhyFayAwo e[t[h]Iyt`Bi PwoTvoáTEy¹nEyt `[sSySx:FTy eêAhEy: eOúZ]Iy< OFyeêAhEy:BkEy:Awo e[t[h]Iyt`Bi; A) VoµOZh: OwXyeAh[h]Iyt`Bi AYyOEyËnEyWoZh: ðA[hXIy< VoµWoZh:TeZhUAyæTåTx:eShAy 543 ¹nFyêAhe]h`Bi BZFyeOhyeYÌr e[hA]wÓ ðAGEy:But]Iy< `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax: ]x[ËnEyáUFy[h]Iyt`Bi VoµWh]h OZh: Gvo:BSy:]wÓeZhAy[wXytXIy^p]Iyt TeZhUAyæTBkAy`OwoEy:TEy ]XwoEy:eUhyáT BkAy`Z `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax: ]x[ËnEyæTBut]Iy< B) eOhËshe[:OsEy eXs:Ush:[wXytXIy< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy WoZEyQi\wQyXkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]AyBute]hy[Iy: WePs: eYh]TyXnh GEy:Zue]h[Ay]Xh:OFyax:áUFyBut]Iy (Xcu 13:55)< BZFyeOhy eYÌrAwo SSy:eOhyPuOsEy X^oOyWu ¹sh:OEy:AoOyOsEy eXs:Ush:But]Iy ([oAh 2:6; 7

Tranditional Lao Poem.

= 22 =

7)< eXs:Ush:ZhHhOw VAy[EyèXwAwo èXwEYye[:`áUFy]h [p]wXkh:]Iy (Xw£h 5:2; Xcu 2:1-6)< @`BkAyXkh:`h:[vo:]Iy Voµ=TeZhUAyæTBkAy¹nEyt AowAyIxTi ]Iy< C) OSyBwo:ËnEy ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> BZFyeOhy=]AyeOhyFayAow UOyÌr]Iyt`Bi BZFyeOhy]Iy [pTZw]Oy`[IyOsEy SwXwOy[£NhOSyBwo:Xkh:áT]ButeêAhEy: eOúZTi]Iy< Ukh: Sh]pXkh:AwoAkSy:XheFáBEy:; `SheZhCiåEwXy:eFáBEy: (Xcu; 15:29-31); SOyGwo: Xkh:`h:¹nEyPoOyáBEy:(Xcu 8:8-34); eZeTj[Xy:e[øhAyáBEy:(Xcu 14:25-27); e]e]h]p`h:`]AyËnEyeFáBEy:(eYh^Sy 11:36-45); XwXwAowYyOowEy e]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy: (eYh^Sy 20:1-10) F]Iyt SwXwOy[£NhXkh: áT]But ]Iy< @`ZhXkh:]Iy e[hA¹nEyt¹rwEy:Ynay?XZe]h BZFyeOhyeYÌr= OSyBwo: eOhy áUFy]Iy< E) ËsËv nhUsYy QNyZhXkh:¹nEyt eYÌr BZFy\EyAkXy: (4)AkXy:OsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo QNyZhQNyBkAyXkh:¹nEyt IÕEy: GuButáBEy: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy ([oAh 22:63-65; 23:16-17; Xcu 27:27- 31)< PwÓ`áTEy Ah:OowEyeTjOEy? AsTyáXAyButeêAhEy: (eYh^Sy 19:18); [nváUEytPwo:¹nAy BtueêAhEy: (ËnEyeYh^Sy 19:34) eOúZTi]Iy< @`áUFy`TkAyXkh:`h:[vo:Awo Voµ A íAwOEy? TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< ÌowAy¹nAyáBEy:; [nváUEytPow:áBEy:; [pPoA áTAyZYyæT Ah ËsvËnhUsYyáUFy? eOúáXEye]h]pOwoEy:A [nIytáTSyBkEyêAXIy< Pwo]BEyAwo [AyBv YvoêAIyZXIyt`Fh: IÕEy:TSy:¹nwTyFAyBtuêA]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> ËnEyeYh^Sy A 3:18 OsEy ‚Pwo]BEyAwo YvoêAIye]h]p]Iy OZh:FxZEyáBEy:XBvZWu; XYvoêAIy e]h]p]Iy WoZh:]BEy= ]h:eOhyAow [AyXBve]heêAhEyt OZh:FxZEyåTx:]h: áUFyeêAhEy:;‛ eUjáTPh:]Iy< eYh^Sy 3:16 OsEy ‚Pwo]h:eOhyAwo YvoêAIy e]h]p]Iy Ph\Z`]AyAwo Z? XYvoêAIye]h]p]Iy Ph\Z`]AyAwo Z[wXytXIyX^oOy; WoZh:]BEy= `XkAyeQi]]h AkeZhAy[wXytXIy‛ ^o eZ:]h: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< ËnEyXcu 10:32; 33 OsEy BZFyeOhyA ‚`êAEy]p]Iy[pOwÓeËÒXnh EitAwo\Sy Bv`vt; eAhEy:AEyWvo>Ënwe]h Ei=BXIy:eOhyeËÒXnh Pow]pAwo Ei\SyBvXIy< `êAEy]p ]Iy[pOwÓeËÒXnhEitAwoáEEy:TYy`vt; eAhEy:AEyWvo>Ënwe]h Ei=BXIy:eOhyeËÒXnh Pow ]pAwoEiáEEy:TYyXIy‛ ^oGwoBut]Iy< eZhX 10:9; ‚`WYy]wÓSIy:^pXpAh:; ]Ey]Iy]BEyeYÌrAwo ¹rOyáUEyt \SyBv ?; WoZh:]BEy]Iy]ÔAwoe]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyeFåTx^o FwOy¹n[vo:Pu> YvoêAIy = 23 =

[øEy; AYyOEyáBEy:]wÓ eZhAy[wXytXIy FhZEy:X\Eye]h]pËnw]XøAwo[Iy: Xx:`woEy Pu]wÓ BkTFye[= ShXIyeZ:]h:Ph:e]h]p]Iy AOweOhy `OwoEy: áTEyGEyeT:e]h eAhEy:AEy]Fy; eáXîAx:]FyAwo \EyFh:Z[wXytXIy<

PÓweêAhEyt eShAyGv:o e]h OZh:FxZEye]he¸> EZuXx:`woEPy u]wÓBkTFyáBEy:BvZe]h]p]Iy `áTFy]h: áUFy e]heêAhEyt X^oOyWu; BZFyeOhy`h:áUEyt `áTFyXn BsEyt[sOáy BEy:OZh:Awo [AyXBve]heêAhEy]t háUFy]Iy<

= 24 =

`BSy: (5) eXËnwY`eêAhEy: TeZhUAyæTBkAy A÷¹oyTO y ÓwËshOsEy; Ësh]h:OwoEy:]we]h TeZhUAyæTBkAyOFyBoËnwBut]Iy< ]Ów e]hy A÷¹oyTyEYyFayW\>áUFy? FwO\y EyFh:XrXËnwBtueT< eShAyOsEy; BZFyeOhyeYÌr `eêAhEy: e[t[hZEy: PowTeZhUAyæTBkAyXnh `[sSyTEy `SAy`RwÄhYyËnweêAhEy: GEyáBEyXwButTi]Iy< eAhEy:XrXkh:; CÌoNhFwOyáUEyt [oTyeGhEye]h`[oTXy kh: `h:áUEyt eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv]wÓ XeZhAy¹woEy; e[hAAwo AYyOEyZSyðA[he]h eXËnwYAow [AyBv; [AyXBvGwo]Iyt`BkA>y ]h[øEy `RwAáUFyeêAhEy: Sh:[Iy [hButTi]Iy< VoµAowYyOwoEy TeZhUAyæTBkAy>[Iy: @]wÓeOúËnwZTi]Iy< Voµ]Iy BZx:[nIyt[IyeSButFay `]Ay`ËsYy`woXEy:eSåTxáUFye]h `w»wY `Wwo:`wo áV^‰h (Brahman) A @]wÓeX:But]Iy]h Ënwe]:e]hAe[:TEy[øEy eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv OvBi:\]wXÓ \Ey¹woEy< áV^‰h< Pow]wÓGwo[øEy AYyOEyáBEy:ZËnwZSy `WYy]wÓ[oTyeGhEyZXIySIy:< Voµ< [p=`áTFy]Iy Xkh:[sSy:[n]Iy< e[:[sSy:[n]Iy< eAhEy:AEy PAy e[:]Iy< eáXîAx:PAy Pp]Iy< eáXîAx:OFyáTEy[vo:>Ënwe]h eAkhAyOvo:Xkh:PAyîAx:? Pp]Iy< ¹nFyFay eAhEy:AEyOXSyXkh:A 8

Book of Buddah (Tri Pee Dok Bible, Thai Edition) book 7, page 23. The Monk Siri Visouthivong in the temple Phra Sing in Chaingmai certified to its accuracy.

= 25 =

áV^‰h< Voµ<

áV^‰h< Voµ<

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áUEyt `áTFy`h:[vo:Awo eG:eêAheT:ButTi]Iy< PwÓeShAy e]áBEy:X©wlXhSyAwo A÷¹oyTy OwÓ `OsAey `hEyáXEyButeêAhEy:áT]ButTi]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh= eUjáTáBEy:`h: áUEyt BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]wZTi]Iy< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy WoZh:]BEyáUFyBut[øEy [p]h:Xkh:`OsAy `WYy]Ów Fay:Fh: XIySIy:< [p]h:Xkh:¹nEyt `WYy]wÓ[oTyeGhEyXIySIy:< @`eêAhEy:`ZhAwo íAw:Fh:? Fay:Fh:GEyáBEyêATiFwÓ< WoZh:]BEyAwo eAk:Hp:OEyTi< WoZh:]BEy= FwOy ]eWh]Iy [p]h:Xkh:¹nEyt XOpIxeT< BkFyáXuBkFyeS? ApIxeFhEyteËnhAy]Iy< BsEyt[sOyáXu BsEyt[sOy]Iy< eAhEy:AEy¹owEyEveOhy]wÓ áTSy[IyTÓweGhEy? Ph\Z AhAsYyeFhEyteËnhAy[] ow Iy< GSyBiBkZh> GEyAkÌrv:áBEy:`eêAhEy:ZEy: GSyBiBkZh> GEy]Iy ZhPp:áXEyte]h]p; BkXy:]hðAYy\?; `GEyt`OSy: áXEyte]h]pXkh:Awo ZIy«òSy:Ti]Iy< GSyBiBkZhOsEy Gvo:Ìrvo:ZáBEy:`eêAhEy:ZEy:Xnh `áBh:]pXkh:PAy ]h[sSyáXEytáXOy]Iy^o \iðAh:e]heêAhEytáUFyTi]Iy< BkXy: ]he]heêAhEyt ¹nwXytBkZSyáEEy:GSy]Iy< WYye]h`BiXø ¹nwXytBkáBEy:XæTeT< a¨h RSîAx:Tsh:e]heêAhEyt WoZh:]BEy=ApIxXFXr X[wo`Ty^o PEyOOy]Iy< PweÓ êAhEytAkÌrv:Z]Iy< `XnSyOZh:OFyBoXnh; WoZh:]BEy=SIy:[Xy:]Iy [pOÓw= SIy:[Xy:¹nEytG¸yAkEy]Iy< WoZh:]BEy=SIy:[Xy:]Iy ePhEy[òh:e]h]pAwo ¹nwXytBk?; ¹nXw ytBke]h]pAwo Bkx:eáXhAyZSyáUFy]Iy (1 eT 5:6)< Xcu 23:12 ‚`êAEy ]p]Iy XwXwAwo Bkx:eáXÕhAy`vt; Pwo]p]Iy ¹nwXytBkáBEy:]Ów eZhAy[Ovt< `êAEy]p]Iy XwXwAwo ¹nwXytBk`vt; Pwo]p]Iy Bkx:eáXÕhAyáBEy:]Ów eZhAy[Ovt‛ ^o GowPh:]Iy< WoZh:]BEy= `êAv`FIy¹nEyt [p=Sh:[Iy¹woEyFsXy:]Iy G¸yAkEy]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy Xcu 16:25 > ‚`êAEy]p]Iy XwXw`]AyAwo AYyGYyáBEy:Enh `[owËnw=< Pow]p]Iy `]AyÌrvo:[wXytXIy< `êAEy]p]Iy EiteêAhEyt `]AyÌrvp:=< Pwo]p]Iy `]AyAow eOú[wXytXIy AkSyZFye]h áB[h:; Ak]sh:e]h GEyáUFyeSXnh[h:< ]Ey]Iy WoZh:]BEy GSyBiBke]h`Bi AkSyZFye]h]páUFy[woTi][h:< Ak]sh: e]h]p áUFy[woTi][h:<

= 37 =

`BSy: (7) AvOZh:13 GowOh Wh[u<

“[p]Iy OFyBiOIy: e]? PwoeShAyXn OZh:FxZEyeOhyXpáBEy:Awo BvZ]Aut]wÓ” (e^áVu 9:27)

AkXy:FheOhyáXOy> [p]h:Xkh:= W\]Iy WoZh:]BEy= FxXvXr`Z eXs: Ush:áBEy:BvAh `îAwXyîAwXyeXs:Ush:áBEy:XËnwWu e]áBEy:OZh:]hËnweêAhEy: ]sSy]Ey Ti]Iy< AvOZh: OFyBiA TeZhUAy `Z^v (Orahan) ¹nEyt VoµeShAy[woAyXkh:]Iy AvOZh: Xn AYyOEyáBEy:`eêAhEy: VoµAow eX:áXSy:ButTi]Iy< Voµ= `eáUXnh ‚@SIy:[Xy:áUEyt AYyOEyáBEy:ZËnw[wXytXIy< PXy:Two:OFyBoAow áXFyPu]Ów TFyBk[woAyTi< ]vo:¹nFyêAhe]h`Bi XkAyFwXáXEye]h[wTyOFyeAhEy [sOy ? PowPXy:Two:Awo ËnhBwoEy:Ti< eOúËnwe]h`Bi ]EyOwÓ]Iy AYyOEyáBEy:Z[wXytXIyAYyOEyáBEy:XËnwTi< ËnwBut[øEy `PAyTiaTXhAwoeáThButXIy X^oOyeT< ]vo:¹nFyêAh [òEyteXøhBute]h PXy:Tow:¹nEytTOy]Oy?; ]vo:ZAy]hêAhBute]hy [Iy: [wTyA XkAyXáXEye]heêAhEyt áTSy[IyeOúËnwZSyXnh XáUFy¹woEyeOhteT< Voµ]Iy; BÀhAwoYy¹nEyt TOy]Oy? `áTFy]vo:BoËnweêAhEy:; FAh:eáThGwoáBEy:¹nEyt 13

In both Buddhism and Hinduism, Karma refers to “the totality of a person’s actions, good or bad, in successive states of his existence, thought of th as determining his fate in the next.” Webster’s New 20 Century Dictionary. 14 Oral Tradition.

= 38 =

TOy]Ay? `áTFye[:Ti:ËnweêAhEy:; FwOy¹n[vo:]h:Pu> êAvFIyáBEy:¹nEyt TOy]Ay? `áTFy]vo:Ti:Ënw eêAhEy:eáThButTi]Iy< A) BÀhAwoYy`h:áUEyt[oTyeGhEye]h`áTFy]vo:BoXnh; [Ô`]Ay]OyáBEy:; Bow: YpáBEy:¹nEyt [wEyeUhAyáTSyXrOwÓáUFy]Iy< B) FAh:eáThGwoáBEy:= `áTFye[:Ti:Xnh; [wXyIháBEy:; XSh[ow`äEw:Ph: e]hFAh:; SwXytAke]hFAh:; XAwo:Fh:`Tye]h FAh:OwÓáUFy]Iy< C) FwOy`eOs:áUEyát TFyXnh:e]h `áTFy]vo:BoXnh; `Gvo:XuteQi]; `Xnh:Awo`XnSy PEyáBEy:; e[hWOTyXAyáBEy:OwÓ áUFy]Iy< AvOZh:= `Aßw:; Voµ]Iy FTi:`vo:eçX`eêAhEy: eZ:]h:Ph:e]h TvoáTEyAow Awo:Ah:? Xnh: YsEy:e]h eOs:eBjXr aTXhOFyBoeT:ButTi]Iy< PowTvoáTEyOsEy `heGhEytX^hZOy (Asok Maharath) WoZEy= BXIy:eOhy]Iy AsYy[sSy]Iyt`Bi FTi:`ov:eçX `áUFy]wÓ W\eáThEy:[uButeêAhEy: eáTháTPh:Ti]Iy Ei:Xkh:eXs:Ph:e]h ASyOFyBoAoweOúBtu]Iy< WoZEy]Iy Ei:Xkh:AwoUXy:?Ei:Tw[oTyFh:ZSy FwOA y p:But]Iy< ]Ówe]hy ]p]Iy VoµWh]h\EyOFyax:áUFy? FwOyAp:áUEyt]heOs:eOhAh `XnSyXnh Pwo]wÓXæT[oTyButeT< VoµWh]h¹nEyt ^w»mWh]hOwÓA ]³\iOwÓ= `]AyAwo ]Oy ZSy Oh:áXFy]Iy< PwoWoZEyXEy:]Iy `woXEy:[h? `Sw¨eZhAyBut]Iy< WoZEyXEy:]Iy SwÆhSyWO ov vBi:eTiAy]wÓeZhAy]sh:e]h`Bi OvBi:eFhEytA WoZEyXEy:= `æT`XpXkh:`OsAy eT:GTyZSy e[hA]wÓáTSy[sOyáBEy:BvZ]Iy< Pwo WoZEyXEy:]Iy áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:BvYp]Iyt`BiOsEy ^xX\ºheOh> FTi:`ov:eçX `áUFy eXs:Ush:áBEy:BvYpButTi]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt WoZEy]Iy Poew çXXßw:=]Wh\ áUFy ]Iyt`OowEy: Ei:Xkh:¹nEyt `áBh:`]AyËnEye]h]³\iXkh:Awo UXy:Fh:Ah PoweOh> AkEy[IyBut]Iy< 15

Issan Literature by Preecha Pinthong.

= 39 =

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= 55 =

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Ei]IyPeáXhAyáBEy:`eêAhEy:; `]AyËnEyáBEy:`eêAhEy:áUFy=< EitAowYovêAIy e]h]p]Iy e][sSye]hy[Iy: ËnEy[wXytXIy< EitAowYovêAIy? `]AyËnEye]h]p Ënw]XøOÓw]Iy[Iy: e]áBEy:¹nEyt`FayXáTOy AEy:[sOyêA[wXytXIy W\=eXøhy[EytáBEy:]Iy VoµWh]hOZh:> AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy W\=eXøhy[EtyáBEy:¹nEyt [vo:\ AsuáTh:áBh:Sh:Ti]Iy< W\= eXøhy[EytáBEy:]hXA AÉht`F`ax:¹nEyt TOy]Oye]h ]sSy]EyBkAyTEy[øEy Asáu Th:áBh:Sh:Ti]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FhA W\Ap:eáThEy:áBEy:XËnweêAhEy: ]sSy]EyTi ]Iy< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy OFyîAwXy]h[øEyeXs:Ush:áBEy:BvZ? PwÓeShAyOsEy WoZh: ]BEy áTEyGEyPh:e]h OZh:FxZEyáBEy:]Ów ]sh:Z[wXytXIyáUFy]Iy< (e^áVu 9:27)< ËnEyeTOÌo QoOwYeFhEy 3:9 OsE;y ‚[p`BýwOwÓ]Iy; e¹n:áBEy:Awo XnOy]Iy `OwoEy:; Ph\ZWoZh:]Iy COweOhy`ZhXnh e¹n:eOhyXXp< EiOwÓOsEy `WYy]pXø XTkAyFx:Wu; Ënw]XøOwÓ]Iy eShEyOZeFáBEy:Eni `[woeOhyËnw? EiOwÓAwo ]Iy:BveOhy Xp=‛ ^o GowPh:]Iy< [ÔW\> `]AyËnEyFay BZFyeOhyAwo [AyBvYvoêAIy Awo:Fh:e]h]p]Iy `hXBvBkAyËnw]Iy<

= 56 =

@`BkAyXkh:]Iy VoµWh]hYvoêAIyáBEy:¹nEty OpIxXrXËnweêAhEy:Aow e`hAy OsEy eUjáTPh:Ti]Iy< `áTSy[Xy:Ënw]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy ‚eYÌr]Iy e]åTx:Xn OUSyPeáXhAyeOhyXp]IyAwo EiOwÓ ]IyYvo[øEy; PwoSIy:Op eYÌr> `wTyeTkhye]h]pOwÓAwo[Iy:; Pwo]BEy¹nEyt`Op WoZh:]BEyTwÓeGhEyeOhyXp[wXytXIy;‛ ^o Gow]Iy; (1 ]Ay 4:14)< BZFyeOhy A OTIyteOhyXkh:Awo Ei]Iy áTSy[hXIy^o AOweT:But]Iy< (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:1-3) BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo [peTiEy: 500 eËÒeXnhAyOsEy eAhEy:AEy]wÓ BkxeGhEy ]sh:]Iyt`Bi eAhEy:AEyOXSy¹nFyTi:eTj[h? ‚`wo Ci[w[u[pOwÓ; `WYyteêAhEty eAhEy:AEy]wÓ êAIyteXøhy[kAy eSêA]SIy:< ]EyOwÓ¹nEyt Bsh? eAhEy:AEy]wÓ eGhEyYpáBEy:Awo BveOhyXpe]h PwoeYÌr]Iy ]EyOXwÓ kAyeXnhAy> eAhEy:AEy]wÓ ðA]sh:eOhyXp]IySIy:Op OUSyðA[heOhyXp[Ovt;‛ ^o eáThGw= o ; (OXSyeOhy 1:11)< @AkXy:BkAy`Z; A÷¹oyTyO] wÓ Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAowYovêAIy[øAy e]Gov: ]sh:e]hy[Iy:; eXøhy[Eyt]Iyt`OowEy:; BZFyeOhy¹nEyt`Op áTSy[Iy`]AyËnEy[h XIy áUFyeêAhEy: eUjáTTi]Iy< ¹ow:P[h[wXytXIy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> BZFyeOhy> e]áBEy:]Iy `wTyFAye]h]pAut]wÓáUFyeêAhEy: [hHÌo = `]AyOh`h:áUEyt ]sSy]EyTi]Iy< eYÌrA OTIyteOhyXkh:Awo eáTh But]IyXnh ‚EiOwÓ`eGs [hHÌo Xnh `wTyeTkhy=< ]ÔAwo¹wo:áBEy:`[wÓEni Ei]sh:XIy^o Xw¸yeOhyXp=;‛ (ËnEyeYh^Sy 11:11)< `RwÄhYyXnh ]Ey]Iy e][sSy]sh: Bute]hy[Iy: BZFyeOhy> `wTyFAyáBEy:]háUFy? ¹wo:P[hXIyáUFy]Iy< BZFyeOhy Aow XYovêAIyWu e][sSye]h]pOowEy:]Iy EZuWvo]wÓX]sh:Xnx BZFyeOhy=OZh: TÍEyeËÒ> XwXwOwÓ= YvoêAIyáBEy:¹nEyt [oTyeGhEyBut]Iyt`OwoEy: FxZEyáBEy:BvZXIy< ‚`eêAhEy:XpAh:; EiOwÓËnw]Xø]Iy AowYyBÀh>AkEyte]h`AkEyt; eAhEy:XeAhEy: Ënw]Iy`OwoEy: `Akwl:`áTFyAwo `]x:]x:BváBEy:Eni; BZFyeOhy= OZh:TÍEyeËÒ> eTj [hZêAXIy;‛ (2 eAh 5:10)< ]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy BZFyeOhy> e][sSye]h]p]Iy ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAy[Xw yt XIy^o `BwoEy`Xh]sSy]EyTi]Iy;(1 ]Ay 4:16)< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyXIyt `eêAhEy:Awo 1 eAh 15:1-18 OsEy ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< PwÓ`áTEy BZFyeOhyeYÌrA [hHÌo`h: ËnEyáTSyeFBut? BZFyeOhy>ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy: `XnSy OAYyËnweêAhEy: ]Aye]áT? `A÷¹yoTyOwÓAwo BsSy:`h:eT:ButTi]Iy< PÓw`áTEy = 57 =

BZFyeOhyAwoYyOowEyA[Iy: ]BzßwEy:Pu> ]vo:ZAy]äCw[yáBEy:BvåTx:eShAy ËnEyáTSy PeáXhAyBut]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt; BZFyeOhyeYÌrAow YovêAIye]h]p]Iy `XnSyTEy e]áBEy:Xn ¹ow:P[h[wXytXIy< [sOyeáXhAyZh[Xy:Ënw]Iy< [p]Iy`Xkwl:Xkwl:e]h Qo£Xn[sOyeáXhAy¹woEy]Iy< ]wÓe]hy; e]áBEy:Xn [sOy eáXhAyZh[Xy:XËnweêAhEy: A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy eAhEy:Fsh]wêATi]Iy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy BZFyeOhy`h:áUEyt e]áBEy:Xn `WYy]wÓ[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyXIy SIy:< `eêAhEy:ZEy:Xnh; BZFyeOhy]Iy A÷¹oyTyOwÓ`OsAy `e]BvBute]heêAhEyt áUFy]Iy< BZFyeOhye]áBEy:]Iy BÀhAwoYye]áBEy:]h X^oOyeT< TpeHhyáBEy: ¹nEytGwoEye]h e]áBEy:áUFy]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt; BZFyeOhyAwo XYvoêAIye]h]pOwoEy: ]Iy BZFyeOhy= FAh:`OwoEy: XwX= w `áTFyPuOsEy e]Gvo:Z[wXytXIy< ‚PwoeêAhEyt ]EyOwÓ]Iy AwoYy`áTFy>e]êA[wXytXIy ^o EiGwo=< Ei]Iy @XIye]h]páUFy]IyAwo ]EyOwÓ]IyXYvo[øEy; AwoYy`áTFy> e]êA[wXytXIy‛ ^o Xw¸yeOhyXp=; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 8:24)< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy Xe]Gvo:[ow[øEy ax:Fsh A÷¹yoTyOwÓ = `áTFyPuXn [sOyeáXhAyZXIy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ= `áTFyXn[sOyeáXhAyZSy [Xy:BZx: OFyBo]hËnw]Iy< Pow[Xy:BZx:Xnh BZFyeOhyeYÌráUFy]Iy< `WYyeêAhEytGow e]hy; ‚Pwo]BEy= ShXeOhyXnOTi: EiOwÓAwo AYyOEy¹woEye]hShX OFvoOBoXø eAhEy:AEye`hAy[pOwÓOsEy XeTjXËnw^o eTOÌo]Iy Pwo]pwOwÓ`h: çXOyGwo=;‛ (OXSyeOhy 4:12)< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy; WoZh:]BEyA A÷¹yoTyOwÓ[p]h:Xkh:Awo `áTFyPuXn [sOyeáXhAyZSyeT:Bute]h OFyBoOIy:e]h [Xy:BZx:áUFy]Iy< (Xcu 1:12) < SwC:ov @`Zh`h:[vo:Awo ]Ey]IySh:[Iye]h`Bi `WYy]wÓæTXIySIy:< eXøhy [EytBkAyAEy:Xute]h @W\> `]AyËnEyXnh[h:; ]ÓwX^oOy AYyOEyáBEy:; eXøhy [EytáBEy:; BZFyeOhy> `]Fye]h `hXBvBkAyZËnwZSy FwOy¹n[vo:eáThEy:[uXnh[h:< ]Ey]Iy @Gvo:áUOyBkAyAwo Bk¹woEye]h]p OFyax:áUFyTi]Iy< ]EytW\`OsAy [Xy:OFyBoAwo eËò:BkYTy i< ]Ey]Iy WoZh:]BEyA ]EytW\`OsAy `[woËnw]Iyt`OwoEy: áTEyGEye]h eAhEy:e]h[Xy:¹nEyt XnSye]h[Xy:BZx:áUFy]Iyt BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo eËò:BkY[ y wXyt XIy^o A÷¹oyTyeXøhy[Eyt[øAy GoeOhEy:Ti]Iy< = 58 =

`BSy: (12) ]Ey` t eTjXpOIye]h Gvo:áUOyBkAy

[pXwoA]y Iy XShBve]heêAhEyt e]Z=< áEEy:GSye]h]p]Iy TIhXtue]heêAhEyt e]Z=< [pXwAo y]Iy XFay:Fh:Wu Gv:o áUOyBkAyBke[tË=nw < TIhËn]w Iy Fay:Fh:åT:x Xn]h Gv:o áUOyBkAyBke[tËn]w Iy< ]Ey]Iy @`Zh`h:[vo:Awo ]we]h`Bi Wh[oTyXIySIy:< eXËnwY¹nEytTOy]Oy? Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:; ËnEy:áTBkAyXkh:; ]Aye]BvBkAy Xkh:; Awo:Ah:BkAyXkh:`h:[vo:Awo UOyåTx:]Iyt`Bi ]Ey]Iy]ÊhOZh:Awo eOúËnwåTx ^o A÷¹oyTy YvoêAIyTi]Iy< Pwo]ÊhOZh:¹nEyt ]Ey]Iy XIy]ÓwGAyåTx: `]Ay ËnEyXIySIy:< `]AyËnEyeOhyXpe]h WoZh:]BEyAwo YvoêAIyXIy[h:< ]EytW\`OsAy eáThEy:[uXrXkh:YpeGhEy[hXIy< ]Ey]Iy]EyW t \> ]ÊhOZh:Awo áEEy:TYy[øEy ]ÓwX^oOy `eZ:XîAx:^oBvYp[øEy `[sS\y Xy:SIy:FZhTEy áUFy]Iy< @`Zh]Iy XnSyASy]Iy; `eZ:îAx:]Iy^o BvY[ p owAySh[øEy `[sS\y Xy:eáXhAyWsYy áUFyTi ]Iy< [AyBv]IyáUFyeF; [AyXBv]IyáUFyeF; ]EyeShAyGvo: Gvo:áUOyBkAyXæTXnx GEyáBEyZXIyt ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:áUFy]Iy< áEEy:TYy]pXkh:¹nEty `eZ:XîAx:^o BvYp]pXkh: eAk:Hp:æT? @`ZhXkh:Awo GEyáBEyFay:Fh:êAIyTt i< ]Eye]]sh:But[øEy ]Ey=\wIhay]Iy BÀhAwoYyAwo BsuBsh]sh:[wXytXIy< ]Eyt\wIhay]Iy WYyAwo]sh:XIyAwo ]Ey]wTi][h:< áTSy[IyW\Ap:eáThEy:Ah; eXs:Ush:áBEy:BvXIy[h:< SOy\wIhayáUFy? FhOSy¹nEty`Op EZu> Qo£BvXIy[h:; ]ÓwX^oOy eAhEy:AEyWvo> BZFyeOhyWoZh:¹nEyt`Op Fwo:FvZXIy[h:< ]Ey WYy `ZTy]wÓ ]sh:XIySIy:< YBo ]EyYvoêAIy]Iyt`OwoEy:; ]EySh:[Iy]Iyt`OwoEy: ]Ey]Iy WYy]wÓ]sh:eS]SIy:< [p]h:Xkh:`h:[vo:]Iy e]áBEy:OZh:Awo OFy e¸ dASyeOúïAvZXIyáUFy]Iy< e]áBEy:OZh: ]EytPvXeZhAyXnx W\`hXBvBkAy = 59 =

`OsAy eXøhy[Eyt? áTEyGEyZXIy< [p`BýwOwÓ]Iy Sh:[IyZSyBAyBu]Iyt`Zh^o PEyAh; gEy:OwÓAwo CÌoXFwoAy; XFay:Fh:BkEyêAeT< [p`Býw]Iy `XnSyOZh:AwoX]wWuXkAyASy:TXhYvoêAIyêA]Iy< ]Ey]Iy @`eêAhEy:`ZhXkh:¹nEytTOy]Oy? XIyXøTEySh:[IyYvoêAIye]hy[Iy: BZFy eOhyWoZh:`eTjAwo:Fh:? áTEyGEyáBEy:XæT[øEy e`hAyTiGow:Akwl:Xkh:¹nEyt ZEyGwoEyZ [wXytXIy< 1< ]Ey]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌr¹nEyt eOúe]h`Bi e[hA>`]AyËnEyFay BZFyeOhyAwo áEEy:TYyBute]heêAhEty eêAhAyËôvZ[wXytXIy< 2< BZFyeOhy`h:áUEyt OZh:FxZEy? EZu]wÓ ]sh:ZXIyt`eêAhEy: ]Ey]w e]h`Bi TpeGs:eShEyOZ[wXytXIy< 3< Xx:`woEyPuOsEy Ph\ZQo£ BvFh:Z[wXytXIy< 4< ]Ey`OsAy eShEyOZXIyt`BkwSyXËnweOhteT< Uw[wÄw 2:10; 11 ¹nEyt 2 eAh; 5:10 `OwoEy:; XIy]pXø OZh:FxZEyáBEy:Xn X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeT< e[hA> XIy]IytWh]hOZh:Awo YvoêAIyTieF eShAyGvo:OsEy OZh: FxZEyáBEy:Xn `WYy]pXø X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeT< ‚[p`BýwOwÓ]Iy; e¹n:áBEy:Awo XnOy]Iy`OwoEy:; Ph\ZWoZh:]Iy AOweOhy`Zh Xnh e¹n:eOhyXXp; EiOwÓOsEy `WYy]pXø XTkAyFx:Wu; Ënw]XøOwÓ]Iy eShEyO ZeFáBEy:Eni `[woeOhyËnw? EiOwÓAwo ]Iy:BveOhyXp=;‛ (2 eT; 3:9)< ‚PwÓeêAhEyt; EiOwÓ]Iy YvoêAIyáBEy:Ënw? eáUhEytXOyZh]wÓeZhAy[øEy; EiOwÓ ]BEyeYÌrBZFy`h:áUEyt WoZh:]BEyteËÒeOhy> åEwXy]AyáBEy:Awo BvFh:êA[wXytXIy‛ (eZhX 5:1); Ph\Z`]AyZXIy; (1 eYh 5:11;12)< ¹woEyEveOhy> WoZh:]BEy ¹nEyt`Op eSZSy`hXBvBkAyËnw]Iy; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:1-3)< [pOowEy:]Iy `[owG»Xkh:FshËnwOOy]Iy; `Pp:]áUEyt åEwXy]AyáBEy:AowZ[ow]Iy< `RwAáTcShXnh A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy `áTFy]h:áUFyêAe]heêAhEyt WoZh:] BEy= WoSy:eOhyAwo XXnxêAeT; (eZhX 3:23)< `áTFyeêAhEyt A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy e`hAy TiOwÓAow BvFh:êAZ]Iy< 1< \Xy:SIy:áBEy:¹nEty ShAkEyáBEy:< (AÉhax:AkXy: 3:16-19) 2< BÀhAwoYy e]áBEy:< 3< \wIhay e]áBEy:< (WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt e\:AsháBEy:) 4< FhOSy¹nEyt`Op OZh:FxZEyáBEy:Awo ZEyGwoEyZXIy< (VkhQwOy 20:7-10) 5< EZuXx:`woEy]wÓ BkTFyáBEy:< (VkhQwOy 20:15) = 60 =

BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo XYvoêAIy; [AyXBve]h]p]Iy `PAyeUhyáTTi OZh: FxZEyáBEy: Ei:Xkwl:Xn `WYy]pXø X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeT< 2 eAh 5:21; ‚`WYyeêAhEytSIy:^pXpAh:; WoZh:]BEy]Iy `áTFy¹nEytAEy:FEy e]h]pAwo EiOwÓ`OsAyeêAhEyt `áTFyËnwe]h]p áUFyeFeOhyXp=< `eêAhEy:XpAh:; EiOwÓ]Iy Pwo]p`h:áUEyt WoZh:]BEyteËÒeOhy> eáUhEytXOye]h]páUFyXIy`eêAhEy:OIy: åEwXy]AyáBEy:Awo BvFh:êA= `]AyËnEy[woe]h ]pXkh:`OsAy `GwoæTBkAyXkh:; 1< Voµ= TeZhUAyæTBute]h eXËnwY]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌráUFyeêAhEy:Awo [AyBvTi< 2< ]Ey]Iy `áTFy]h:áUFyeêAhEy:[AyBvTi< 3< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy WoZh:]BEy; AYyOEyËnEy; `Pp:]áUEyt ]EytAwo `áTFyPuXn AYyOEyBute]h`ËnEy]BEy áUFyeêAhEy: [AyBvTi< 4< BZFyeOhyeËÒXnh `áTFy\SyBvTi< eShEyOZTi< YvoXnh:áBEy: ]v]YAwo UYyËnh:TFyTi< 5< BZFyeOhyAwo [AyBvTi< YBoXnF? WoZh:]BEyAwo ]EytW\> eSZheT:Ti< `]AyËnEyeFTi< = 61 =

6< ]Ey]Iy [AyBvZSy `GEy]EytáUFy[øEy eAk:Hp:æT? e`hAyTi`OwoEy: GoeOhEy:Ti< ‚BkFye]h`U; A÷¹yoTy`OsAy W\¹nEyt`]AyAwoeT:e]hWoZh:Awo ]wBsEyt Ze]heêAhEyt\Xy:eáXhAyTi=< `A÷¹yoTy]Iy AwoYyeOhyAwoX]wWu áEEy:TYy XwBute]heêAhEyt\Xy:SIy:XwTi=< @`ZhXkh:áUEyt AwoYyeOhyAwo áTFyXnh:Bute]h eêAhEyt\Xy:SIy:XwTi=< OUSyáTSy? Pwo]wÓXæTeOhtTi< `wo; WoZh:]BEyAwo eAk: Hp:OEyTi=< `A÷¹yoTyAwo BkFyáBEy:; CÌoFwoAyáBEy:; OFyax:OIy:e]h ]h:eOhyAwo eF[sOyeT:Bute]heêAhEyt eAk:Hp:OEyTi=< Ye¸XnF? A÷¹yoTyeShEyOZTiåTx< AwoYyeOhyAwo YvoêAIyTi]Iy< AwoYyeOhyAwo Ph\ZYvoêAIyAwo:Fh:TiXIy< AwoYyeOhyWoZh: A÷¹yoTy¹nEyt`Op `Fay`áXuËnweOhyXpTi< `A÷¹oyTy= `áTFyXkh:Awo BsEyt[sOyeT:? ]h:/]Xx:`áUFy [AyBve]heêAhEyt eAk:Hp:OEyTi=; `U WoZh:]BEy< BZFyeOhy=ShX> eOhEy:e[øhAy`TyTi]Iy< `hXEy eUhyáTPh:]Iy` t Zh Xkh:]Iy `XnSyTEy áUFyTkAy[hXIyáUFy]Iy< 2< AÉÞheTjOsEyËnwe]h Wh]hOZh:`B‎ßÖ] w IyeAhEy:Ti]Iy< ]wÓe]hy `h:[vo:]Iy XáTIytFvoeT< PwoWh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy ]EytW\= [wo`TyXr Aow XáUIytGIy:eT:¹woEyeT< PwoWh]hOZh:Xkh:A XeT:¹woEye]h`Zh ]vo:Xkwl:Ënw]Iy< (A) FFyXnSye]h WoZh: (B) `áTFy BsEyt[sOyáBEy:OZh: (C) Ph\Z`]Ay¹nEty ¹woEyEveOhy @]vo:Xßw:F[vo:Awo eT:¹woEye]h]pXnh BZFyeOhyeYÌr]h[øEyáUFy]Iy< BZFy eOhy]Iy A÷¹yoTyOwÓ eXøhy[EyteFhEytFh:eS]p; FFyXnSye]hWoZh:; VoµAowYyOowEyA [Iy:UeZhUAyæTBtu]p áUFye]heêAhEytTEy áUFy]Iy; (1 eYh^Sy 5:10)< BZFy eOhyeYÌr]Iy `áTFyXn AYyOEyZSy ðAGEy:[h]Iyt eXËnwY áUFy]Iy; (Xcu 1:21)< PwÓ`áTEy BZFyeOhy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:Awo WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv]Ów áTSy[IyTwÓeGhEyZSy ðAGEy:[he]h [Xy:BZx:TEyáUFy]Iy< (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6)< = 62 =

@Fh`oTy UOyÌr]pOwoEy:`eTj WoZh:]BEyXn eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[h ]AyeZhAyTieF< WoZh:]BEy= BkFyáBEy:eX³heOhy; ]h:eOhyeYÌrWoZh:= CÌoNheX³h eOhy¹nEty]¸yËnEy:e]h\wIhayeOhy=XwOy]^hZUúuáBEy:OÓwáUEyt ]EytAwoAhAsYyTieF< eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[hBvFh:Z? @`ZhXkh:Aow]wËnwSh:[Iy]eWheTiAyAh BZFyeOhy > `áXåu EwXy:BkXy:TieF< Gvo:áUOyBkAyBkPh:åTx:e]h]pXkh: ]ÓwX^oOy eX:BsSy:eX:[wo]pXkh:`OsAy @ Fh`oTy`h:áUEyt `Akwl:æTTieF< BkFyáBEy:¹nEyt eXøhy[EytáBEy:Xkh:FsháUEyt; `EyOh BkSO y h\XyeGhEyt

= 63 =

FheZ:GZh= ]XwoEy:`Akay: eQiAyOh `EyOh BkSyOh\XyeGhEyt]Iy e[h¹woEyEvOsEy 1953 Bo¹nFyOsEy eXs:Ush:ButTi]Iy< VoµWh]h\EyXw]h:FoXn eXs:Ush:[hAh 1970 OsEy]h BZFyYhSyOFyeYhAy áUFy[hButTi]Iy< BZFyYhSyWh]h]wÓX\EyBEy Voµ= TeZhUAyæTBkAyXkh:; ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Awoe[t[hButZh Voµ]Iy eXËnwY`eêAhEy: Awo TeZhUAyæTButeêAhEy: ËnheUseOúËnwBut]Iy< FheZ:GZh]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo eXËnwYáUFyeêAhEy: YvoêAIy[AyBv]Iy< [p]h:OwoEy:eXøhy[EyteFhEytFh:eSe]h]p ]Iy eXËnwYáUFyeêAhEy:[AyBv]Iy< 1975 OsEy Far East Broadcasting Company > `Fx`Fay AowEyeGhEy]p áUFy[hBut]Iy< [h`wo (Lao) Wh]hFAh:áUEyt `]v[sEytKhSOsEy eBiEy:eGhEy `áUFy `XreOhyeGhEy]Iy< 1975 AOIy:A e¸Fay e[h Wh]hFAh:áUEyt OZh:e^hBkAyXkh:Awo áTEyGEyPoOy[sEyte[t ËnwTi]Iy< His degrees include: Bachelor of Arts from Biola University of La Mirada, CA, Master of Arts degree from Talbot Seminary, La Mirada CA, Honorary Doctor’s Degree from the School of Theology of the Lao Conference of Churches. He has been president of the Lao Conference of Churches since 1987 and also served as president of the Lao Southern Baptist Fellowship from 1990 to 1993. In these capacities he speaks in conferences in many parts of the US. He is now Pastor of the Lao Baptist Church of Whittier, CA. He has authored and published many Chritian books.

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