Property Law

PROPERTYLAW TRANSFEROFPROPERTY I mmovabl ePr oper t y Thepr o vi s i onofSec t i on3oft heT r ans f erofPr oper t yAc t ,1882doesnotpr o vi def ora c ompr ehens i v edefi ni t i onof‘ i mmo v abl epr oper t y ’ ,howev er ,i tonl yme ment i onst hat‘ i mmo vabl e pr oper t y ’doesnoti nc l udes t andi ngt i mber ,gr owi ngc r ops ,orgr as s.Thust hedefi ni t i ononl y p oi n t so utc e r t a i nk i n dso fp r o per t yt ob en otc o ns i d er e da sa ni mmo v ab l ep r o pe r t ya nd f ur t h erc l as s i fi e sc er t a i nk i n do fp r o pe r t i es wh i c hc a nb ec o ns i d er e dt ob ei mmo v ab l e pr oper t y . At t est at i on Meani ngof‘ at t es t ed’ t het er m‘ at t es t ed’ i nt hi ssec t i onmeanst hataper s onhassi gned t hedoc umentbywayoft es t i monyoft hef ac tt hathewasi tex ec ut ed.At t es t at i oni sst at edi n Sec t i on3oft heT r a ns f erofPr oper t yAc t .I nor dert oc ons t i t ut ev al i dat t es t at i ont hees sent i al c ondi t i onsar e: ( 1)t her emus tbet woat t es t i ngwi t nes ses , ( 2)each musthav e seen t he ex ecut ants i gn oraffix hi st humb mb mar kt ot he i ns t r ument , ( 3 )ea c ho ft h et wo a t t e s t i ngwi t n es s e s mu s th av es i g ne dt h ei n s t r u me me nti nt h e pr es enc eoft hee x ec ut ant . Not i c e Thel as tpar agr aphoft hes ec t i on3s t at e sunderwhatc i r c ums t anc esaper s oni ssai d t oh av en ot i c eo faf a ct .Hema yh i ms el fha v ea ct ua ln ot i c eo rh ema yh av ec o ns t r uc t i v e n ot i c ema ybei mp ut e dt oh i m wh eni n f or ma t i o no ft h ef a cth asbe eno bt a i n edb yhi sag ent i nt hec our s eofbus i nes st r ans ac t edb yt heagentf orhi m. ( a )Ex pr e ssora c t ua lnot i c e: An e x pr e s so ra ct u aln ot i c eo ff a cti sa n ot i c e wh er e bya p er s o na c qu i r e sa ct u al k n owl e dg eo ft h ef a c t .I tmu s tb ed efi n i t ei n f o r ma t i o ng i v e ni nt h ec o ur s eo f negot i at i onsbyaper s oni nt er es t edi nt hepr oper t y . ( b)Const r uct i v eNot i ce: I ti sano t i c ewhi c ht r eat saper s onwhooughtt oha v ek no wnaf ac t ,asi fheac t ual l y doesk now i t .I not herwor ds ,aper s onhasc ons t r uc t i v enot i c eofal lf ac t sofwhi c hhe wo u l dh a v ea c q ui r e da c t u aln o t i c eh ad h e ma de t h os ee nq ui r i e s wh i c hh eo ug ht r e as o na bl yt oh av ema ma de .

Doc t r i neofFi x t ur e s Afi x t ur ei ss ome t hi ngfi x ed.I nT r ans f erofPr oper t yAc t ,afi x t ur ei sac hat t elwhi c hi s affix e dt ot hes oi lorl and.Butac hat t elb ymer el ybei ngaffix e dt ot hel andwi l lno tbe come ani mmo vabl epr oper t y .Ther ear et wot hi ngswhi c hha vet obec ons i der edf orar r i v i ngatt he p oi n twhe t h era c h at t e li sa ni mmo v abl ep r o per t y .Th i sc an b ec al l e dt h e Do c t r i n eo f Fi x t ur es . 79PROPERTYLAW

( 1)Modeofannexat i on I ft hec hat t elr emai nsont hel andb yi t sownwei ghtandi sno taffix edt ot hel andt her e i sapr es umpt i ont hati ti sonl yamov abl epr oper t y .Her et hec r i t er i ai st hei nt ent i ont o mak ewhet heri tafi xt ur eornot .I ft hei nt ent i onwast omak ei tpar toft hel andi ti s t r eat edasafi xt ur e. I ft hec hat t eli sfi x edt ot hel andb ymeansofnai l sors uc ht hi ngst hepr es umpt i oni s t hati ti safi x t ur eandbec omeani mmo v abl epr oper t y . ( 2)ThePur posef orAnnexi ng Thet enur eofbenefi c i alenj o ymentoft hel andi sanec es s ar ycr i t er i ont ohol dwhe t her t hec hat t el i sani mmov abl epr oper t y . I ft h ep ur p os eo fa n ne x at i o ni st h ep er ma nen tb e ne fi ci a le nj o y men to ft hel a ndt h e pr es umpt i oni st hati ti safi xt ur e. De fini t i onofT r a nsf e rofPr ope r t y( Se ct i on5 ) T r a ns f e ro fPr op er t yha sb ee n de fi ne di nSec t i o n 5o ft heT r a ns f e ro fPr o pe r t yAc t meani ng‘ anac tbywhi c hal i v i ngper s onc on ve yspr oper t y ,i npr es entori nf ut ur et ooneor mor eot herl i v i ngper s onsand“ t ot r ans f erpr oper t y ”i st oper f or ms uc hac t ’ . Wha tma ybet r a ns f e r r e d:( Se ct i on6 ) Pr oper t yofan yk i ndma ybet r ans f er r ed,e x c epta so t her wi s epr o v i dedb yt hi sAc tor byanyot herl awf ort het i mebei ngi nf or c e. ( a )Th ec h an c eo fa nh ei r a pp ar e nts u c c ee di n gt oa ne s t a t e ,t h ec h an c eo fa r el at i onobt ai ni ngal egac yont hedeat hofak i ns man,( Specsuc c es s i oni s ) , ( b)Amer er i ghtofr eent r yf orbr eac hofac ondi t i ons ubs equent ( c )Ane as e me nt , ( d)Ani nt er es ti npr oper t yr es t r i c t edi ni t senj oy mentt ot heownerper s onal l y , ( e)Ar i ghtt of ut ur emai nt enanc e, ( f )Amer er i ghtt os ue, ( g)A publ i coffic e,norc ant hes al ar yofapubl i coffic er ,whet herbef or eoraf t eri t h asb e c o mepa y a bl e , ( h) St i pends al l o wed t o mi l i t ar y ,na val ,ai r f or c e and c i v i lp ens i oner s oft he Go v er nmentandpol i t i c al pens i ons , ( i )Not r ans f erc anbemade( 1)i ns of arasi ti soppos edt ot henat ur eoft hei nt er es t aff ec t ed t her eby ,or( 2)f oran unl awf ulobj ec to rc ons i der at i on wi t hi nt he mean i ngofs ec t i on23oft heCont r ac tAc t ,1872,or( 3)t oaper s onl eg al l y di s qual i fi edt obet r ans f er ee,

( j )No t h i n gi nt h i ss e ct i o ns h al lbe d ee me dt oa ut h or i s eat en an th av i n ga n unt r ans f er abl er i ghtofoc cupanc y ,t hef ar merofanes t at ei nr es pec tofwhi c h d ef a ul th asbe enma dei np ay i n gr e v en ueo rt h el e s se eo fa ne s t a t eu nd ert h e managementofaCour tofWar d s,t oas s i gnhi si nt er es ta ss uc ht enant ,f ar mer orl es see. 80PROPERTYLAW