Project Report on Frauds in Insurance

PROJECT REPORT ON FRAUDS IN INSURANCE BACHELOR OF COMMERCE BANKING & INSURANCE SEMESTER VI ACEDEMIC YEAR 2015-16 SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF COMMERCE — BANKING & INSURANCE BY MR. SIDDHARTH GOYAL UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF : DR.AMIT PRAJAPATI SEAT No. 16 JAI HIND COLLEGE ‘A’ ROAD, CHURCHGATE, MUMBAI – 400 020

DECLARATION

I ,MR. SIDDHARTH GOYAL , student of B. Com. (BANKING & INSURANCE) Semester VI (2015-16) hereby declare that I have completed the Project on “A PROJECT REPORT ON FRAUDS IN INSURANCE”

The information submitted is true & original to the best of my knowledge.

Signature MR.SIDDHARTH GOYAL SEAT NO.

JAI HIND COLLEGE ‘A’ ROAD, CHURCHGATE, MUMBAI - 400 020.

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that SIDDHARTH GOYAL of B.Com. BANKING & INSURANCE Semester VI(2015-16) has successfully completed the project on “A REPORT ON FRAUDS IN INSURANCE” under the guidance of DR.AMIT PRAJAPATI.

Course Cordinator

Internal Examiner

Principal

External Examiner

College Seal

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Interdependence Interdependence is something, which is very essential in today’s world for competition of any task. This is also being completed by the joint effort of so many people, so I wish to pay my gratitude to all those people who have directly or indirectly contributed towards the completion of this project. First of all, I owe my gratitude to all might GOD and my parents because of whom I am able to complete this project successfully. I am deeply indebted and grateful to Miss. Savita (Business Associate) who granted the permission to do this project, this project has successfully taken place.

1.

INTRODUCTION

What Is Insurance? Insurance is a form of risk management in which the insured transfers the cost of potential loss to another entity in exchange for monetary compensation known as the premium.

Insurance allows individuals, businesses and other entities to protect themselves against significant potential losses and financial hardship at a reasonably affordable rate. We say "significant" because if the potential loss is small, then it doesn't make sense to pay a premium to protect against the loss. After all, you would not pay a monthly premium to protect against a $50 loss because this would not be considered a financial hardship for most. Insurance is appropriate when you want to protect against a significant monetary loss. Take life insurance as an example. If you are the primary breadwinner in your home, the loss of income that your family would experience as a result of our premature death is considered a significant loss and hardship that you should protect them against. It would be very difficult for your family to replace your income, so the monthly premiums ensure that if you die, your income will be replaced by the insured amount. The same principle applies to many other forms of insurance. If the potential loss will have a detrimental effect on the person or entity, insurance makes sense. Everyone that wants to protect themselves or someone else against financial hardship should consider insurance. This may include:

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Protecting family after one's death from loss of income

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Ensuring debt repayment after death

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Covering contingent liability

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Protecting against the death of a key employee or person in your business

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Buying out a partner or co-shareholder after his or her death

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Protecting your business from business interruption and loss of income

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Protecting yourself against unforeseeable health expenses

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Protecting your home against theft, fire, flood and other hazards

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Protecting yourself against lawsuits

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Protecting yourself in the event of disability

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Protecting your car against theft or losses incurred because of accidents

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And many more

Insurance works by pooling risk. What does this mean? It simply means that a large group of people who want to insure against a particular loss pay their premiums into what we will call the insurance bucket, or pool. Because the number of insured individuals is so large, insurance companies can use statistical analysis to project what their actual losses will be within the given class. They know that not all insured individuals will suffer losses at the same time or at all. This allows the insurance companies to operate profitably and at the same time pay for claims that may arise. For instance, most people have auto insurance but only a few actually get into an accident. You pay for the probability of the loss and for the protection that you will be paid for losses in the event they occur. Risks Life is full of risks- some are preventable or can at least be minimized, some are avoidable and some are completely unforeseeable. What's important to know about risk when thinking about insurance is the type of risk, the effect of that risk, the cost of the risk and what you can do to mitigate the risk. Let's take the example of driving a car. Type of risk: Bodily injury, total loss of vehicle, having to fix your car. The effect: Spending time in the hospital, having to rent a car and having to make car payments for a car that no longer exists. The costs: Can range from small to very large. Mitigating risk: Not driving at all (risk avoidance), becoming a safe driver (you still have to contend with other drivers), or transferring the risk to someone else (insurance). Let's explore this concept of risk management (or mitigation) principles a little deeper

and look at how you may apply them. The basic risk management tools indicate that risks that could bring financial losses and whose severity cannot be reduced should be transferred. You should also consider the relationship between the cost of risk transfer and the value of transferring that risk. Risk control: There are two ways that risks can be controlled. You can avoid the risk altogether, or you can choose to reduce your risk. Risk Financing: If you decide to retain your risk exposures, then you can either transfer that risk (ie.to an insurance company), or you retain that risk either voluntarily (ie.you identify and accept the risk) or involuntarily (you identify the risk, but no insurance is available). Risk Sharing: Finally, you may also decide to share risk. For example, a business owner may decide that while he is willing to assume the risk of a new venture, he may want to share the risk with other owners by incorporating his business. So back to our driving example. If you could get rid of the risk altogether, there would be no need for insurance. The only way this might happen in this case would be to avoid driving altogether. Also, if the cost of the loss or the effect of the loss is reasonable to you, then you may not need insurance. For risks that involve a high severity of loss and a low frequency of loss, then risk transference (ie. insurance) is probably the most appropriate protection technique. Insurance is appropriate if the loss will cause you or your loved ones a significant financial loss or inconvenience. Do keep in mind that in some instances, you are required to purchase insurance (i.e. if operating a motor vehicle). For risks that are of low loss severity but high loss frequency, the most suitable method is either retention or reduction because the cost to transfer (or insure) the risk might be costly. In other words, some damages are so inexpensive that it's worth taking the risk of having to pay for them yourself, rather than forking extra money over to the insurance company each month. The Risk Management Process After you have determined that you would like to insure against a loss, the next step is to seek out insurance coverage. Here you have many options available to you but it's always best to shop around. You can go directly to the insurer through an agent, who can bind the policy. The process of binding a policy is simply a written acknowledgement identifying the main components of your insurance contract. It is intended to provide temporary insurance protection to the consumer pending a formal policy being issued by the insurance company. It should be noted that agents work exclusively for the insurance company. There are two types of agents: 1. Captive Agents: Captive agents represent a single insurance company and are required to only do business with that one company.

2. Independent Agent: Independent agents represent multiple companies and work on behalf of the client (not the insurance company) to find the most appropriate policy. Underwriting Underwriting is the process of evaluating the risk to be insured. This is done by the insurer when determining how likely it is that the loss will occur, how much the loss could be and then using this information to determine how much you should pay to insure against the risk. The underwriting process will enable the insurer to determine what applicants meet their approval standards. For example, an insurance company might only accept applicants that they estimate will have actual loss experiences that are comparable to the expected loss experience factored into the company's premium fees. Depending on the type of insurance product you are buying, the underwriting process may examine your health records, driving history, insurable interest etc. The concept of "insurable interest" stems from the idea that insurance is meant to protect and compensate for losses for an individual or individuals who may be adversely affected by a specific loss. Insurance is not meant to be a profit center for the policy's beneficiary. People are considered to have an insurable interest on their lives, the life of their spouses (possibly domestic partners) and dependents. Business partners may also have an insurable interest on each other and businesses can have an insurable interest in the lives of their employees, especially any key employees. Insurance Contract The insurance contract is a legal document that spells out the coverage, features, conditions and limitations of an insurance policy. It is critical that you read the contract and ask questions if you don't understand the coverage. You don't want to pay for the insurance and then find out that what you thought was covered isn't included. Bound: Once the insurance has been accepted and is in place, it is called "bound". The process of being bound is called the binding process. Insurer: A person or company that accepts the risk of loss and compensates the insured in the event of loss in exchange for a premium or payment. This is usually an insurance company. Insured: The person or company transferring the risk of loss to a third party through a contractual agreement (insurance policy). This is the person or entity who will be compensated for loss by an insurer under the terms of the insurance contract. Insurance Rider/Endorsement: An attachment to an insurance policy that alters the policy's coverage or terms. Insurance Umbrella Policy: When insurance coverage is insufficient, an umbrella policy may be purchased to cover losses above the limit of an underlying policy or policies, such as homeowners and auto insurance. While it applies to losses over the dollar amount in the underlying policies, terms of coverage are sometimes broader than those of underlying policies. Insurable Interest: In order to insure something or someone, the insured must

provide proof that the loss will have a genuine economic impact in the event the loss occurs. Without an insurable interest, insurers will not cover the loss. It is worth noting that for property insurance policies, an insurable interest must exist during the underwriting process and at the time of loss. However, unlike with property insurance, with life insurance an insurable interest must exist at the time of purchase only.

2. TYPES OF INSURANCE

Insurance is a way of protecting yourself from any costs that may arise from damage to your property or your health. Insurance works when you agree to transfer risk by paying specified amounts of money, called premiums. A premium is the amount of money you pay to an insurance company to have an insurance policy. These premiums create a pool of money that guarantees the person holding the policy will be compensated for losses caused by occurrences such as fire, accident, illness, or death. Insurance companies decide what the risk is on a particular policy and then charge the appropriate premium. You can pay a premium monthly or annually. Insurance policies are generally renewed annually so you should shop around at this stage to see if you are getting the best value for your money. Different policies have different terms and conditions so make sure you know what the terms and conditions of your policy are. It is important to understand exactly what your insurance policy covers when you buy it. Home insurance Home insurance will generally pay for any damage caused to your home by accident or by bad weather.You are not obliged by law to insure your home but if you have a mortgage, most lenders will insist that your house is appropriately insured. In general your home should be insured for damage to contents and for damage to the structure of your home Mortgage protection insurance When taking out a mortgage, you need to consider how it will be paid off in the event of your death. You may also consider how to continue repayments if your income falls, due to illness, unemployment or other reasons. Motor insurance It is a criminal offence for drivers to drive uninsured on public roads in Ireland Health insurance Health insurance is used to pay for private care in hospital or from various health professionals in hospitals or in their practices. There are a number of health insurers in Ireland. Travel insurance Travel insurance can cover you if you become ill or have an accident while you are on holidays or travelling. If you are travelling within the EU/EEA you should have a European health insurance card which allows you to access health care services. In general travel insurance should supplement the services available to people with a European Health Insurance Card

Life insurance A life insurance policy provides money for defendants if you die. Life insurance policies are important if you have dependents such as a partner or children.

3. PRINCIPLES OF INSURANCE The main objective of every insurance contract is to give financial security and protection to the insured from any future uncertainties. Insured must never ever try to misuse this safe financial cover.

Seeking profit opportunities by reporting false occurrences violates the terms and conditions of an insurance contract. This breaks trust, results in breaching of a contract and invites legal penalties.

An insurer must always investigate any doubtable insurance claims. It is also a duty of the insurer to accept and approve all genuine insurance claims made, as early as possible without any further delays and annoying hindrances.

1. Principle of Utmost Good Faith Principle of Uberrimae fidei (a Latin phrase), or in simple english words, the Principle of Utmost Good Faith, is a very basic and first primary principle of insurance. According to this principle, the insurance contract must be signed by both parties (i.e insurer and insured) in an absolute good faith or belief or trust. The person getting insured must willingly disclose and surrender to the insurer his complete true information regarding the subject matter of insurance. The insurer's liability gets void (i.e legally revoked or cancelled) if any facts, about the subject matter of insurance are either omitted, hidden, falsified or presented in a wrong manner by the insured. 2. Principle of Insurable Interest The principle of insurable interest states that the person getting insured must have insurable interest in the object of insurance. A person has an insurable interest when the physical existence of the insured object gives him some gain but its non-existence will give him a loss. In simple words, the insured person must suffer some financial loss by the damage of the insured object. For example :- The owner of a taxicab has insurable interest in the taxicab because he is getting income from it. But, if he sells it, he will not have an insurable interest left in that taxicab. 3. Principle of Indemnity Indemnity means security, protection and compensation given against damage, loss or injury. According to the principle of indemnity, an insurance contract is signed only for getting protection against unpredicted financial losses arising due to future uncertainties. Insurance contract is not made for making profit else its sole purpose is to give compensation in case of any damage or loss. In an insurance contract, the amount of compensations paid is in proportion to the incurred losses. The amount of compensations is limited to the amount assured or the actual losses, whichever is less. The compensation must not be less or more than the actual damage. Compensation is not paid if the specified loss does not happen due to a particular reason during a specific time period. Thus, insurance is only for giving protection against losses and not for making profit. However, in case of life insurance, the principle of indemnity does not apply because the value of human life cannot be measured in terms of money 4. Principle of Contribution Principle of Contribution is a corollary of the principle of indemnity. It applies to all contracts of indemnity, if the insured has taken out more than one policy on the same

subject matter. According to this principle, the insured can claim the compensation only to the extent of actual loss either from all insurers or from any one insurer. If one insurer pays full compensation then that insurer can claim proportionate claim from the other insurers. For example :- Mr. John insures his property worth $ 100,000 with two insurers "AIG Ltd." for $ 90,000 and "MetLife Ltd." for $ 60,000. John's actual property destroyed is worth $ 60,000, then Mr. John can claim the full loss of $ 60,000 either from AIG Ltd. or MetLife Ltd., or he can claim $ 36,000 from AIG Ltd. and $ 24,000 from Metlife Ltd. So, if the insured claims full amount of compensation from one insurer then he cannot claim the same compensation from other insurer and make a profit. Secondly, if one insurance company pays the full compensation then it can recover the proportionate contribution from the other insurance company 5. Principle of Subrogation Subrogation means substituting one creditor for another. Principle of Subrogation is an extension and another corollary of the principle of indemnity. It also applies to all contracts of indemnity. According to the principle of subrogation, when the insured is compensated for the losses due to damage to his insured property, then the ownership right of such property shifts to the insurer. This principle is applicable only when the damaged property has any value after the event causing the damage. The insurer can benefit out of subrogation rights only to the extent of the amount he has paid to the insured as compensation. For example :- Mr. John insures his house for $ 1 million. The house is totally destroyed by the negligence of his neighbour Mr.Tom. The insurance company shall settle the claim of Mr. John for $ 1 million. At the same time, it can file a law suit against Mr.Tom for $ 1.2 million, the market value of the house. If insurance company wins the case and collects $ 1.2 million from Mr. Tom, then the insurance company will retain $ 1 million (which it has already paid to Mr. John) plus other expenses such as court fees. The balance amount, if any will be given to Mr. John, the insured. 6. Principle of Loss Minimization According to the Principle of Loss Minimization, insured must always try his level best to minimize the loss of his insured property, in case of uncertain events like a fire outbreak or blast, etc. The insured must take all possible measures and necessary steps to control and reduce the losses in such a scenario. The insured must not neglect and behave irresponsibly during such events just because the property is insured. Hence it

is a responsibility of the insured to protect his insured property and avoid further losses. For example :- Assume, Mr. John's house is set on fire due to an electric short-circuit. In this tragic scenario, Mr. John must try his level best to stop fire by all possible means, like first calling nearest fire department office, asking neighbours for emergency fire extinguishers, etc. He must not remain inactive and watch his house burning hoping, "Why should I worry? I've insured my house." 7. Principle of Causa Proxima (Nearest Cause) Principle of Causa Proxima (a Latin phrase), or in simple english words, the Principle of Proximate (i.e Nearest) Cause, means when a loss is caused by more than one causes, the proximate or the nearest or the closest cause should be taken into consideration to decide the liability of the insurer. The principle states that to find out whether the insurer is liable for the loss or not, the proximate (closest) and not the remote (farest) must be looked into. For example :- A cargo ship's base was punctured due to rats and so sea water entered and cargo was damaged. Here there are two causes for the damage of the cargo ship (i) The cargo ship getting punctured beacuse of rats, and (ii) The sea water entering ship through puncture. The risk of sea water is insured but the first cause is not. The nearest cause of damage is sea water which is insured and therefore the insurer must pay the compensation. However, in case of life insurance, the principle of Causa Proxima does not apply. Whatever may be the reason of death (whether a natural death or an unnatural death) the insurer is liable to pay the amount of insurance.

4.

INSURANCE FRAUDS

MEANING “Insurance fraud is any act committed with the intent to fraudulently obtain payment from an insurer.” Insurance fraud has existed ever since the beginning of insurance as a commercial enterprise. Fraudulent claims account for a significant portion of all claims received by insurers and cost billions of dollars annually. Types of insurance trades are very diverse and occur in all areas of insurance. Insurance crimes also range severity, from slightly exaggerating claims to deliberately causing accidents or damage. Fraudulent activities many times affect the lives of innocent people, both directly through accidental or purposeful injury or damage and indirectly as their crimes cause insurance premium to be higher. Investment fraud pose a very significant problem and government and other organization are making efforts to do defer such activities.

5. CAUSES OF INSURANCE FRAUDS

 The chief motive in all insurance crimes is financial profit.  Many times it is observed that false insurance claims can be made to appear like ordinary claims. This allows fraudster to file claims for damages that never occurred and so obtain payment with little or no initial cost.  To attract maximum customers towards the insurer than competitors.  With intention, of concealing true information w.r.t. age, disease, etc.

6. TYPES OF INSURANCE FRAUDS Many times insurance frauds exist from scamming whether it is auto insurance, life property. All types of insurance frauds divided into:

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Hard Fraud Soft Fraud Automobile Insurance Fraud Life Insurance Fraud Health Insurance Fraud Property Insurance Fraud Internal Fraud External Fraud

Hard Fraud: Hard fraud includes someone staging a car accident, injury, arson, loss, break-in or someone writing false bills to Medicare to illegally receive money from their

insurance company. This type of frauds often receives more media attention and it is easier to detect. Hard fraud often involves criminal activities of insurance company. But, an individual can also be found guilty of hard fraud. Soft Fraud: It happens when a person pads their insurance claims by telling “White lies”, such as, they are feeling, too ill to come to work, so they can receive workers compensation benefits that they wouldn’t have otherwise. This is more difficult to detect. Automobile Insurance Fraud: Fraud rings or groups may fake traffic deaths or stage collisions to make false insurance or exaggerated claims and collect insurance money. The ring may involve insurance claims adjusters and other people who create phony police reports to process claims. Life Insurance Fraud: Life insurance fraud may involve faking death to claim life insurance. Fraudsters may sometimes turn up a few years after disappearing, claiming a loss of memory. Another example is former British Government minister John Stonehouse who went missing in 1974 from a beach in Miami. He was discovered living under an assumed name in Australia, extradited to Britain and jailed for seven years for fraud, theft and forgery. Health Insurance Fraud: Health insurance fraud is described as an intentional act of deceiving, concealing, or misrepresenting information that results in health care benefits being paid to an individual or group. Fraud can be committed by both a member and a provider. Member fraud consists of ineligible members and/or dependents, alterations on enrollment forms, concealing pre-existing conditions, failure to report other coverage, prescription drug fraud, and failure to disclose claims that were a result of a work related injury. Independent medical examinations are used to debunk false insurance claims and allow the insurance company or claimant to seek a non-partial medical view for injury related cases. Property Insurance Fraud: Possible motivations for this can include obtaining payment that is worth more than the value of the property destroyed, or to destroy and subsequently receive payment for goods that could not otherwise be sold. According to Alfred Manes, the majority of property insurance crimes involve arson. Internal Fraud: There are those perpetrated against insurance companies or its policyholders by agents, managers, executives or other employees.

External Fraud: There are direct against insurance by individuals or entities as divers an policy holders provides, beneficiaries, vendors, etc.

AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE FRAUDS: Insurance fraud w.r.t. Automobiles is widespread, automobiles are supposed to be insured everywhere. There are numerous types to automobile fraud claims such as:     

Filing a false theft report Filing a false injury report Filing a false accident report Filing a false damage report Filing a claim that the automobile was wrecked.

In additions to individuals i.e. policyholders, the automobile frauds can be committed by insurance adjusters repair shops, dealership and other co –conspirators

LIFE INSURANCE FRAUDS: Life insurance fraud is very specific. It refers to act of international deception on the part of those selling life insurance. Following are the ways through which fraudsters commit frauds in life insurance:  Some life Insurance fraud is committed by people buying insurance or who already possess it. The m  Common kind is making deliberate misstatements on applications for insurance.  It is observed that many times the information provides by the policy holder are fake or incomplete whit the information of hiding truth. E.g. existing disease, age factor hereditary problems etc.

 Many times, the police holders have faked death so that family members can claim policies.  Few doctors can get involved in life insurance fraud by acting as medical examiners that certify the health of people applying. Whit the person seeking health insurance, they deliberately information on medical exams.  Vertical frauds: In this agents recruit people whit terminal illnesses to buy numerous policies, all of which will have an annuity. The person gets some money to make it to the end of his or life, but the majority of the funds will end up in the pockets of third-party investor’s sifter the person s death.

Health insurance fraud: Fraudulent behavior designed to solicit money which a person or groups is not entitled is called as health insurance funds involving, in this are perpetuated by verity of sources , including health insurance companies ,insurance brokers, unscrupulous doctors ,allied health professionals, medical institution and patients. Following are the few examples to commits frauds:  Falsification of information on forms.  Filling of false claims, claims treatments for patients that never occurred.  Filling of prescription under patients names and then sell them in the black market.  Diagnose diseases that not exists and order unnecessary testing,  Frauds are committed by health insurance companies also such as:  Companies are not paying on legitimate claims.  Some companies may intentionally deny payment in the hopes that claimants will not protest the treatment.  Selling insurance in a state in which a company is not licensed to operate is fraud too.

Property insurance fraud: This is a wider area of insurance frauds different losses i.e. fire, marine, burglary, theft, accidents w.r.t. property are utilized to commit fraud by fraudsters. Possible areas include  Obtaining payment that is worth more than the value of the property destroyed or to destroy and subsequently receive payment for goods that could not otherwise be sold.  Concealing of the information by the insurance company at the time of insurance contract.  Payment of exorbitant commission to the agents for heavy sales and advertisement of the policies by the insurance companies.  Intentionally damaging the property and asking for insurance claim by the policy holders.

Internal Frauds: There are those perpetrated against insurance companies or its policyholders by agents, managers, executives or other insurance employees. It includes: I. II. III.

Fake /False Documents: Agents or insurer issuing fake policies, certificates, insurance identifications cards or binders. False Statement: Agents or insurer making false statement on a filling with the department and insurance. Pocketing Premiums: Agents or insurer pocketing premiums, then issuing a fairy policy or none at all.

EXTERNAL FRAUD: There are direct against insurance by individuals or entities as diverse as policy holder’s medical provides, beneficiaries vendors, etc. It includes: Arson-for –profit: An owner or someone hires the vehicle to collect insurance money. Disaster fraud :

Unscrupulous operations persuade disaster fraud victims to claim more damages than actually occurred, or they collect money to repair damage’s property but never complete the work. Creating a fraudulent claim: It may include: A. B. C. D. E.

Staged or caused auto –accidents. Staged slip and fall accidents. False claim of foreign object in food or rink. Taking a dearth to collect benefits. Murder-for –profit etc.

Exaggerated claims [overstating the amount of loss] : The most common examples are: A. B. C. D.

Inflating bodily injuries from auto accidents. Inflating value of items taken during a bulglary or theft. Inflating a physical billing damage claim form a minor tender bender. Medical providers inflating billing or upcoming of medical procedures to name a few :

Falsifying a theft reports: A property owner falsely reports items stolen or exaggerates the values of items taken in a burglary to collect insurance money. Medical fraud: Unethical medical; practitioners or providers work in concert with scheming patient, to create fictitious, accident related injuries to collect or fraudulently disability workers compensation and personal injury claims. There provides usually work through middlemen who recruit patients for their scams. The doctors often bull insurers for multiple office visiting and which never take place. Misrepresenting facts to receive payment: Claiming prior damage occurred in the current accident claiming a injury created a partial or total disability elsewhere conducting the same or some or work, duties etc.

7. THE IMPACT OF INSURANCE FRAUD Many states have enacted “victims’ rights” laws that allow victims to make a statement in court either during a trial or at sentencing. All victims of insurance fraud

are encouraged to take advantage of this opportunity to spread the word to judges, juries and others in the courtroom — including the news media — about the nature and severity of this crime. Below are facts and figures that can be woven into a personal statement of how fraud has affected you and/or your company. Insurance fraud is a major crime that imposes significant financial and personal costs on individuals, businesses, government and society as a whole. Fraud is widespread and growing. Insurance swindles victimize people from virtually every race, income, age, education level and region of the U.S. At one level, insurance fraud is an economic crime costing individuals, business and government billions of dollars a year. But fraud also is a violent crime that can involve murder, personal injury and serious property damage. Insurance fraud also imposes other personal costs such as disrupted lives and families, humiliation and depression, lost jobs and bankruptcy. Overall financial cost Nearly $80 billion in fraudulent claims are made annually in the U.S., the Coalition Against Insurance Fraud estimates. This figure includes all lines of insurance. It’s also a conservative figure because much insurance fraud goes undetected and unreported. Higher insurance premiums Fraud contributes to higher insurance premiums because insurance companies generally must pass the costs of bogus claims — and of fighting fraud — onto policyholders. This contributes to a premium spiral that can price essential insurance coverage, often required by state law, beyond the reach of many consumers and businesses. For example: • Auto insurance: False injury claims involving deliberately staged car accidents, for example, are a major reason auto insurance premiums in New York, Florida and New Jersey are among the nation’s highest. • Workers compensation: Workers compensation premiums are rapidly rising rapidly, in part because of fake injury claims by employees and fraud by some employers to lower their premiums. Many smaller businesses, especially, report that workers compensation insurance is increasingly unaffordable. Rising cost of goods & services Businesses must pass the cost of rising insurance premiums onto their customers by raising prices for goods and services. Many larger corporations also spend millions of dollars a year for investigation and fraud-prevention programs that aim. This cost also is reflected in higher prices of products and services.

Jeopardize health, lives and property People’s health, lives and property are often endangered by insurance fraud schemes. Here are several examples: • Staged auto accidents: Innocent motorists’ lives are jeopardized when they are maneuvered into car crashes staged by crime rings to collect large payouts from auto insurers. One family of three was burned to death when a staged accident went awry after their car was hit by two large trucks at high speeds on a California freeway. • Murder for life insurance: A common life-insurance scheme involves murdering a spouse, relative or business associate to collect on the victim’s life insurance policy, which often is worth $100,000 or more. • Health insurance swindles: The safety of people is jeopardized when they unknowingly buy fake health insurance. In addition to having their premium money stolen, policyholders needing chemotherapy and organ transplants have had to pay for life-saving medical treatment themselves when they discovered their insurance was fake.In other health schemes, medical providers often perform potentially dangerous and unneeded surgery on healthy people solely to increase their insurance billings. In many cases, the victims are elderly, poor and homeless. • Arson: Homes and businesses often are burned down for insurance money. The lives of firefighters, family members and nearby residents also are placed at risk. Numerous people have died or been seriously injured in arson-for-profit fires. Also, the property damage is often magnified because arson fires frequently spread to nearby dwellings. Lost personal income, savings Many insurance fraud schemes steal money directly from policyholders. The varied schemes can cost people from a few dollars to their entire life savings. Here are several examples: • Phony health coverage: Several hundred thousand people, for example, have unknowingly purchased phony health coverage. They lost the premium money they paid, but many also faced catastrophic losses when they became ill and had to pay large medical bills themselves because their policy was worthless. Some people incurred hundreds of thousands of dollars in personal debt. • Fraudulent viaticals: Thousands of people also have lost money to viaticals, a quasi-insurance product where people invest in the life-insurance policies of dying people. Viaticals can be legitimate, but many people have lost large investments in fraudulent viaticals. Some have lost their life savings. • Dishonest agents: Dishonest insurance agents will pocket client insurance premium checks themselves, leaving the clients dangerously uncovered. Dishonest insurance agents also increase a policyholder’s premiums by secretly adding unwanted coverage to clients’ policies. Agents often target the elderly with these swindles.

Ruined credit Many seriously ill people who purchased phony health insurance found their credit ruined when they couldn’t pay large medical bills after their policy refused to pay. Lost jobs Some fraud schemes can cost people their jobs. Convicted swindler Martin Frankel gained control of a small life insurance company called Franklin American and secretly siphoned the company’s assets into his own accounts. This sent the company into bankruptcy, costing hundreds of employees their jobs. Diverts government resources Fighting insurance fraud is a major expense for federal, state and local governments. This dilutes the nation’s overall anti-crime efforts by diverting often-limited government resources needed to fight other crimes. Here are several examples of this: • State fraud bureaus: States conduct extensive anti-fraud programs, funded by taxpayers and insurance companies. Most states, for example, have insurance fraud agencies that investigate suspected swindles and refer cases for potential prosecution. • Police and other law enforcement: State, local and federal law enforcement all are involved in investigating insurance-fraud cases, often jointly. • Prosecutions: Taxpayer funded prosecutors devote considerable time and resources to pursuing fraud cases in court, many of which are complex and require extensive time to build viable cases. • Federal government: The federal government annually allocates several billion dollars to fighting fraud in Medicare and Medicaid, the respective public health insurance programs for the elderly and poor.

Personal costs Insurance fraud also can impose large personal costs on its victims. Many victims feel embarrassed, humiliated and even violated. Often their lives and families also are disrupted for long periods of time. Many must recover from serious financial losses or fraud-related physical injuries. Victims also may have to recover or replace property that was stolen, damaged or destroyed by schemes. Many victims also must spend considerable assisting law enforcement and prosecutors as material witnesses. Diverts from essential services Federal and state government fraud-fighting efforts costs taxpayers billions of dollars a year, thus diverting scarce tax money from other essential public services. Fraud

against taxpayer-funded health programs such as Medicare and Medicaid diverts that money from meeting the health needs of America’s the elderly and poor.

8. MEASURES TO PREVENT INSURANCE FRAUDS It is necessary to adopt “proper fraud prevention programs me” to control the rising insurance frauds: General measures: Role of the government: Government should take lead in prevention of fraudulent activities in the main important sector of insurance, strict actions must be taken against the fraudsters Awareness among the consumers: Through proper training programs, street plays, consumer fares the awareness can be created w.r.t. understanding of fraudulent areas in insurance and necessary actions towards it. Strengthening of low: Fraud is a crime. The low and administration must be strengthened to take strict and quick action against fraudsters. This will help to decline the no. of fraudulent cases in future.

Role of media: Media can play important role in spreading of awareness and knowledge w.r.t. fraud prevention programs through newspaper, magazine, t. v. radio, information for fraud phones areas and necessary help towards it can be provide Role of supervisory authorities: IRDA, SEB should prepare an action plan to combat with the serious issue of frauds.

Track down the cheaters: Police authorities, CBI should take action lead in tracking down the cheaters. Increasing value Bases approach in the society: The citizens should believe and follow value based approach in their day-to-day life. They must be able to differentiate between need and greed. Measures to prevent frauds in insurance Specific measures I. II. III. IV.

It requires high standard of integrity form director’s management and employees of insurance organizations. It is necessary to set realistic goals and objectives for best use of resources. It is necessary to organize, collect and evaluate the effectiveness of information so that the management may avoid frauds. To prevent frauds in insurance the audit function must be carried out in proper manner.

Measures by IRDA

There is a need for a uniform policy and standard which will guide action of employees within an insurance company. They are the guidelines for professional conduct. It also states what the insurance company stands for and is committed to

which values. There should also be a reward and punishment for any other behavior than that is prescribed. The code helps in achieving organizations goals in socially acceptable manner. In case of any dilemma, it prescribes solution and thus helps perform their routine activities. Sec 14 of Act, 1998 lays down the duties, powers and functions of IRDA : 1. Subject to the provisions of this act and any other law for the time being in force the authority shall have duty to regulate, promote and ensure orderly growth of the insurance business and re-insurance business? 2. Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions contained in sub-section The powers and functions of the authority shall include: a. Issue to the applicant a certificate of registrations, renew, modify withdraw, suspend or cancel such registration; b. Protection of the investment of the policy holders in matters concerning assigning of policy, nomination by policyholders, insurance claim, surrender value of policy and other terms and conditions of insurance; c. Specifying the code of conduct for surveyors and loss assessors; d. Promoting efficiency in the conduct of insurance business; e. Levying fees and other charges for carrying out the purposes of the act; f. Promoting and regulating professional organization connected with the investment and with business. g. Calling for information form, undertaking inspect of, conducting enquiries and investigations including audit of insurers, intermediaries, insurance intermediaries and other organization connect with insurance business. h. Specifying the form and manner in which books of A\c shall be maintained and statement of A\c shall be rendered by insurers another insurance intermediacies. i. Specifying the form manner in which books of A/c shall be maintained and statement of A/c shall be rendered by insurers other insurance intermediacies; j. Regulating investment of funds by insurance companies; k. Regulating maintenance of margin of solvency; l. Adjudication of disputes between insurers and intermediaries of insurance intermediaries, m. Supervising the functioning of the tariff Advisory committee: n. Specifying the %of premium income of the insurer to finance schemes for promoting and regulating professional organizations o. Specifying the % of life insurance business and general insurance business to be undertaken by the insurer in the rural of social and p. Exercising such power as my be prescribed IRDA’s code of conduct for agents

Proposals seeking insurance cover should be filled in inly the person/S seeking to be insured, as per the code of conduct being formulated by the IRDA for insurance agents. The provision in the code to mainly avoid complaints at later stage, especially form the nominees of the insured who at the time claim say that discrepancies could have been avoided if the insured had filled in the application on their own. As per the code, it would be necessary for those availing insurance to fill in the applications themselves. And it would also be made mandatory for the agents to disclose on demand the commission that they would be entitled to form the proposal. The code to govern the intermediaries in insurance companies in the country is like to direct the agents to provide a copy of the filled –in proposal –application to the client, before submitting it the company. For prospective insurance agents, the code is likely to recommend an examination and a 100 hour training course. Additionally, all agents-present future will be issued with identify cards by the IRDA. Major Activities a. Promotion of a better understanding of non-life insurance amongst the public: providing inputs to the media about the developments in the non-life insurance. b. Promotion of sound development and maintenance of the reliability of the non-life insurance industry: Developing codes of conduct for meter companies, strengthening non-life insurance companies’ disclosure, developing compliance programmers to observe laws and regulations, etc. c. Presentation of request and proposal: Representing the non-life insurance industry in the presentation of regulatory reform requests, and of opinions to insurance administration.

d. Response to social issues: combating automobile theft taking measures to prevent insurance fraud, etc. e. International activities: promoting dialogue and information exchange with overseas insurance associations, participating in international organizations ‘activities and international meetings. f. Consumer Services: The GI Council promotes consumers ’understanding of insurance, and the presence of the general industry in society. g. Social responsibility: The GI council undertakes activities having far reaching social implication in association with law enforcement. h. Request s & proposals: The GI council carries out activities to realize the establishment & revision of laws and regulations beneficial to the general insurance industry and society by making request and proposals to the related parties. i. Development of the Business Environment: The GI supports the operation of various insurance related systems and mechanism instrumental to insurance companies such as, Commercial Vehicles Third party insurance pool.

9. 15 MOST FAMOUS CASES OF INSURANCE FRAUD Insurance fraud seems like it might be an easy thing to do. Insurance companies are often so huge, one wonders how they might not even notice a few mistakes in your favor. But the fact is that insurance companies have people who make it their full time job to sniff out fraud, ensuring that they keep a tight bottom line. And while they may not catch every tiny little fudge, you can be sure they are on the hunt for major offenders such as the ones on this list. Check out these famous insurance fraud cases that surely carried a huge bounty. 1. HCA/Medicare: In 2000 and 2002, HCA pleaded guilty to 14 felonies, including fraudulently billing Medicare as well as other programs. HCA had inflated the seriousness of diagnoses, filed false cost reports, and paid kickbacks to doctors to refer patients. HCA had to pay the US government $631 million plus interest, as well as $17.5 million to state Medicaid agencies, on top of $250 million already paid to Medicare for outstanding expense claims. It was the largest fraud settlement in US history, with law suits reaching $2 billion in total.

2. John Darwin's Death: John Darwin faked his death in a canoeing accident, turning up five years later. He'd been secretly living in his house and the house next door, while his wife claimed the money on his life insurance. They were both sentenced to six years in prison, but released on probation. BBC created a TV drama about their story called Canoe Man. 3. The horse murders scandal: Between the mid 1970s and mid 1990s many expensive horses were involved in insurance fraud. These expensive horses, often show jumpers, were placed on insurance for accident or death, and killed for the insurance money. The number of horses killed in this manner is believed to be at least 50 and possibly as high as 100. It was the biggest scandal in equestrian sports, resulting in the death of a whistleblower, Helen Brach, in addition to the horses. 4. John Mango's fire: A Toronto businessman, John Mango hired someone to set fire to his business for the insurance money. Things got quite out of hand, killing one person during the fire and forcing many families to leave the area until the fire could be put out. Mango was charged with second degree murder on top of his fraud charges. 5. Swoop and squat: In the 90s, car insurance fraud ran rampant. Cars would purposely get into accidents with innocent people on the road, hoping to score insurance money, and often, they did. These accidents frequently injured drivers, and some were even fatal. These accidents usually earned the orchestrators about $20,000 each. 6. Michael Jackson's prescriptions: Lloyds of London has recently filed suit to invalidate an insurance policy taken out by Michael Jackson. The policy covered his "This Is It" tour in the event that it was not successful. The payout was to be $17.5 million, but Lloyds argues that it is invalid because Michael Jackson did not disclose prescription drugs on his application. As Jackson died from an overdose, Lloyds is claiming deception. 7. The Titanic: Everyone knows the story of the Titanic, but not everyone realizes that some believe its part of a conspiracy to pull off a huge insurance fraud. The Olympic, Titanic's sister ship, was damaged and rendered useless during one of its voyages-and some believe that the Titanic as it sunk was actually the Olympic. Conspiracy theorists note several inconsistencies in the performance and construction of the "Titanic" that indicate the Titanic sinking was a case of swapped ships. 8. Cooperman art theft hoax: Would you steal your own art for money? LA ophthalmologist Steven Cooperman did. He arranged for a Picasso and a Monet to be stolen from his home in an attempt to collect $17.5 million in insurance money. He was convicted in July 1999. 9. Martin Frankel: Martin Frankel's insurance fraud is just one in a long list of financial crimes. He was sentenced to 200 months in prison due to over $200 million in losses to insurance companies. He eventually plead guilty to 24 federal counts of racketeering and conspiracy, securities fraud, and wire fraud.

10. Bristol-Myers Squibb kickbacks: Regulators in California have gone after Bristol-Myers Squibb for insurance fraud, among other offenses. The lawsuit accuses Bristol-Myers of making payments to high-prescribing physicians, targeting and profiting on the private insurance industry. It is the largest health insurance fraud to be pursued by a California state agency. Additionally, in 2007, the pharmaceutical company paid $515 million to settle with federal and state governments against allegations of kickbacks to defraud Medicare and Medicaid. 11. Dr. Gupta's mystery procedures: There's a nationwide manhunt launched by the FBI looking for Dr. Gautam Gupta. The complaint against him alleges that he submitted claims to Blue Cross/Blue Shield and Medicaid for unnecessary procedures, and even ones that were never performed. The fraudulent insurance claims from Dr. Gupta reached nearly $25 million. 12. Millionaire insurance fraud: Charles Ingram was first made famous as a fraud when he cheated on Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?, using coded coughs to win. But his deception was further exposed when he was convicted of insurance fraud as well. He placed a suspicious £30,000 burglary claim, and was found to be dishonest, ultimately winning two guilty charges for his fraud. 13. TAP Pharmaceuticals fraud: The Department of Justice got involved with this pharmaceutical insurance fraud case. TAP Pharmaceuticals engaged in fraudulent drug pricing and marketing conduct, as well as filing fraudulent claims with Medicare and Medicaid. They agreed to pay $559 million to the government for those claims, as part of an $875 million settlement for all criminal charges and civil liabilities. 14. I get knocked down, but I get up again…and knocked down again 48 more times: With 49 cases, Isabel Parker earned her title as the queen of the slip and fall scam. During her career, she received claims totaling $500,000. 15. Torching the Malibu: What do you do if you don't want to pay on your car anymore? If you're teacher Tramesha Lashon Fox, you get your students to set your car on fire in exchange for passing grades. She'd hoped to get insurance money, but instead lost her job and served 90 days in jail.

10. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT INSURANCE

FRAUD

Almost everyone is familiar with insurance fraud. We've all heard the stories of people who received millions after a car accident or the heartless insurance firm refusing to pay out to a widow on a technicality. Insurance fraud is one of the oldest

types of fraud ever recorded, dating back to 300 B.C., when a Greek merchant sunk his own ship, in an attempt to cash in on the insurance, and drowned in the attempt. Whether you are a policyholder or a shareholder in an insurance company, insurance fraud affects you. The field of insurance is wide and fraud exists in every area. Therefore, in this article we are going to focus in on one of the most important types of insurance – life insurance. We will look at the major types of life insurance fraud and how they affect your bottom line. It Takes Two to Tango Insurance fraud comes in two main categories: seller fraud and buyer fraud. Seller fraud occurs when the seller of a policy hijacks the usual process, in a way that maximizes his or her profit. Buyer fraud occurs when the buyer bends the process to obtain more coverage, or claim more cash, than he or she is rightly entitled to. Types of Seller Fraud There are many variations of seller fraud, but they all center around four basic types. These are: 

Ghost Companies: In the ghost company scenario, policies are issued and premiums accepted from policyholders, but the company underwriting the policy isn't legitimate and often doesn't exist. These outright frauds are a type of boiler room operation, where a team of high-pressure scam artists dial likely victims to sell them false policies. Unfortunately, the fraud isn't usually discovered until someone tries to file a claim on the policy their family member thought was in effect, in the event of his or her death.

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Premium Theft: The premium theft scenario is when the insurance rep accepts premiums, but doesn't submit them to the company underwriting the policy, thus invalidating the policy. In this case, the agent essentially pockets the money. Premium theft has become less of an issue as more companies have moved towards direct deposit models, but it is still possible in some cases.



Churning: Churning refers to a situation where the insurance rep advises the customer to cancel, renew and open new policies in a way that is beneficial to him or her, instead of beneficial to the client. This type of insurance fraud often targets seniors and is driven by the agent's desire for larger commissions. Churning keeps a portfolio constantly in flux, with the primary purpose of lining the advisor's pockets.

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Over or Under Coverage: Similar to churning, under or over coverage occurs when an insurance rep convinces customers to buy coverage they don't need, or sells a lesser policy and represents it as a complete policy. In either case, the rep is trying to maximize commissions and ensure the sale, rather than focusing on meeting the client's needs.

Types of Buyer Fraud: Buyer fraud also comes in a number of different flavors, but they all center around a theme of dishonesty. Basic types of buyer fraud include: 

Post-Dated Life Insurance: Post-dated life insurance refers to a policy that has been arranged after the death of the person being insured, but appears to have been issued before death. This type of fraud is usually carried out with the help of an insurance agent. It is also one of the easier types of fraud for insurance companies to detect, because record keeping has become more stringent.

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False Medical History: Falsifying medical history is one of the most common types of insurance fraud. By omitting details such as a smoking habit or a preexisting condition, the buyer hopes to get the insurance policy for cheaper than he or she would have otherwise been able.

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Murder for Proceeds: There are two versions of the murder for proceeds fraud. In the first, the insured doesn't know they are insured and are understandably surprised to be murdered. In the second, the policy is legitimate and was taken out in better times, however, financial hardships lead the perpetrator to decide that killing his or her spouse/family member/business partner, for the money, is the best way out of the problem.

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Lack of Insurable Interest: As with murder for proceeds, insuring people you shouldn't be insuring, in hopes that they will die, constitutes fraud. Insurance is founded on the idea of protecting people from financial loss, so using it to gamble on lives for a financial gain is a perversion of the system. This includes vertical settlements, which combine non-insurable interest with falsified policies taken out on the terminally ill.

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Suicidal Accidents: Just as financial hardship can lead otherwise rational people towards murder, the same factors can lead people to commit suicide in a way so it looks accidental. This constitutes fraud in that it is an intentional act for the purpose of collecting the insurance proceeds, and would not have occurred if those proceeds did not exist. This can be a very difficult one to detect, as the medical examiner has final say in accidental death. Even if it is clearly a suicide, the claim centers on the state of mind, rational or not, at the time of suicide.



Faking Death or Disability: Many life insurance policies have riders for disability, creating the temptation to fake one to get the payout. However, some people take it a step further and fake their own deaths. In both cases, the fraudster has to deal with the possibility of being discovered through an investigation.

The Cost of Insurance Fraud Just as there are two main types of life insurance fraud, there are also two

consequences. When people engage in buyer fraud, it raises the cost of insurance. The reason for this is very simple; insurance companies are really good at modeling, so they tweak their models to account for buyer fraud and then spread that cost across all their policyholders. In a very real way, every person who tries to stick it to the insurance company ultimately makes your policy cost more. In contrast, seller fraud can potentially hurt just the select few that experience it. It is, in every essence of the word, bad luck. However, on the whole, every time the insurance company you invest in treats someone badly, it loses business to a company with a better reputation and controls on the agents. As an investor, you will be tempted to move your capital to the better performing company, thus punishing seller fraud in a roundabout way. The internet has also helped reduce seller fraud, as many shady outfits and practices become exposed sooner in the game. The Bottom Line Insurance is a business that is built on risk analysis and probabilities. Every instance of insurance fraud puts pressure on the business, whether seller or buyer fraud. For this reason, many companies build generous contingency funds to protect them against fraud, as well as other unforeseen events. While this is good from the investor's perspective, it does unfortunately lead to your personal life insurance premiums being higher than they otherwise would have been, in a more honest world.

11. HOW TO DETECT AUTO INSURANCE FRAUD

Investigators use public and private information to detect potential auto insurance fraud. Claims adjusters and data experts at insurance companies and law enforcement organizations detect fraud in several ways. Suspicious claims are identified according to the company's proprietary statistical methods. Specialists review suspicious claims for more clues. Private Citizens, usually unrelated to the insured, might suspect fraud and report it to police, fraud tip lines or fraud-focused organizations, such as the National Insurance Crime Bureau and the Coalition Against Insurance Fraud. Fraud raises auto insurance costs by at least 16 percent, according to author Saul W. Seidman in his book "Trillion Dollar Scam: Exploding Health Care Fraud." Instructions 1. Use sophisticated computer programs and computing methods to detect fraud, according to "Surveillance Technologies and Early Warning Systems: Data Mining Applications Methods for Risk Detection." Investigators also use data to identify suspicious relationships associated with the insured. They review financial statements for unusual cash flows. They look for associations with known insurance crime rings, according to author Pamela Meyer in "Liespotting: Proven Methods to Detect Deception." 2. Evaluate supervised and nonsupervised potential fraud claims, according to the "Handbook of Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Applications" by Robert Nisbet, John Elder, John Fletcher Elder and Gary Miner. Investigators use both supervised and nonsupervised methods to evaluate the suspicious claim. Insurers develop frauddetection models based on demographic, attitudinal and business data information. Supervised claims involve analysis of historical claim values to the insured's claim values. A suspicious claim is compared to previously identified frauds. Unsupervised analysis involves statistical identification of unusual amounts, repairs, medical care and other red flags. Unsupervised analysis also connects abnormal values in current claims to previously known fraud cases. Neither method absolutely confirms fraud. Additional analysis helps to identify higher probabilities of insurance fraud. 3. Recognize common auto insurance fraud. According to author Saul W. Sideman, fraud costs other insured’s higher insurance premiums. Fraud costs of $1.05 for faked thefts, $2.15 for previous damages, $2.20 for overcharges from body repair shops and $3.00 in staged car accidents for every $100 in paid claims. Auto theft continues to increase in the United States. According to the National Insurance Crime Bureau, more than 57 percent of stolen cars disappear. Professional crime rings ship stolen cars overseas or sell the car for parts. However, some stolen cars are resold in the U.S. to unsuspecting consumers. The NICB's VIN Check helps prospective owners to check vehicle identification numbers for free.

12. HOW TO DETECT HEALTH INSURANCE CLAIM

FRAUD Health insurance claim fraud is the process in which a medical provider bills for services that were never delivered or received. It's a way for medical providers to dishonestly increase their payment. Health care fraud accounts for nearly $70 billion of all health care spending in the United States. It's big business for unscrupulous providers that translate to higher premium payments for consumers.

Instruction 1. Keep good records of the medical services that you received. Document all procedures and tests performed dates of visits and tests, and providers who performed them. Retain copayment receipts. 2. Compare your medical service records against your billing statement from your insurance company. Contact your insurance company for a copy of your bill if one wasn't sent to you. 3. Review your insurance plan benefit manual, so you know what's covered by your insurance plan. 4. Note any billing discrepancies you find, such as an added charge for a procedure you don't recall receiving, double billing for the same procedure when it was only completed once, and/or charges for procedures your provider indicated were free. 5. Contact your insurance company right away when you suspect you're a victim of fraud. 6. Report billing discrepancies to your state's Department of Insurance or the attorney general's office. Someone from one or both agencies may ask questions about your claim and request you submit to them copies of your medical records, including receipts and other billing documentation. This will allow them to conduct an investigation.

13. HOW TO REPORT INSURANCE FRAUD Fraud can cost the insurance industry billions of dollars each year, which is ultimately passed on to the insured as increased premiums. Insurance fraud can be reported anonymously and easily. According to insurancefraud.org, most states have their own fraud bureau that can investigate insurance scams. Whistleblowers might even be able to collect a reward for information leading to a conviction. Insurancefraud.org provides a list of states that have an established fraud bureau. You can also contact the insurance company, the National Insurance Crime Bureau, Medicaid and Medicare, and the social security administration among others. Instructions Hotlines Available 1. Many insurance carriers offer a fraud hotline. If you suspect someone has committed fraud, look up that carrier's information online and don't hesitate to give them a call. Some of the more common acts of fraud toward an insurance carrier might include destroying your own car, claiming lost or stolen personal items, or claiming injuries that did not occur. The National Insurance Crime Bureau can also be found online. This organization is operated by insurance carriers and will investigate auto, liability, homeowners', and workers' comp fraud.

2. Social Security fraud occurs when someone is collecting benefits when they are not eligible, collecting someone else's benefits such as a deceased party, or working under the table for compensation above what is allowed by social security guidelines. Fraud can also occur if an individual is reporting a child that is not their own, or by collecting benefits when they live overseas. Call 1-800-269-0271 to report this type of fraud or report it online at ssa.gov. 3. The types of fraud committed against Medicaid and Medicare involve doctors, pharmacists, and other health care providers. Doctors may report patients or groups of patients that did not visit their office, double bill for procedures, bill for procedures that did not occur, or use false credentials when submitting claims. Fraud can be reported at your local state Medicaid agency or by calling the OIG hotline at 1-800447-8477. 4. The USDA Office of the Inspector General offers a hotline at 1-800-424-9121 during regular business hours. Their email address, as well as an address for writing a letter, can be found on rma.usda.gov. Types of crop insurance fraud might include filing claims against fields that were never planted or crops that were not harvested.

14. Insurance companies concerned about rising incidents of fraud

Ernst & Young’s insurance fraud survey: frauds are driving up overall costs for insurance companies Mumbai, 2 June 2011 – Ernst & Young's insurance fraud survey has revealed that the rising incidence of fraud is driving up costs for insurance companies and premiums for policy holders. Insurance companies are waking up to this grim reality, which may threaten their viability and profitability. According to 80% of the survey respondents, representing India's largest public and private insurance companies, fraud in insurance can increase costs for insurers by at least 1% and can rise by more than 5% in certain cases. Further, more than 50% of the respondents believe that fraud directly impacts premium, in some cases increasing premiums by more than 3%. This adversely affects innocent consumers who end up paying a higher premium. The survey was conducted to assess the fraud scenario in the Indian insurance industry, the potential risk exposure, the economic impact of rising incidents of fraud, and industry practices to counter fraud. Of the survey’s respondents, 50% expressed the need for heightened and more stringent anti-fraud regulations in the area of claims and surrender. This area is most prone to fraud, with nearly 27% respondents rating it among the topmost fraud risks in the insurance sector. Insurance sector regulator, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA), appears to share the concern of most of the respondents. According to public media sources, the IRDA has reportedly decided to appoint reputed firms to develop effective reporting on industry-wide fraud within health care insurance.* The survey findings should cause concern among insurance company directors. Complacency around fraud, bribery and corruption, combined with cost-cutting initiatives at many companies, creates additional exposure. With new legislation such as the UK Bribery Act giving regulators stronger enforcement powers, management, in particular, should demonstrate greater commitment to ethical conduct through their actions, including making tough choices regarding departmental budgets and disciplinary measures. As Arpinder Singh, Ernst & Young’s India Fraud Investigation & Disputes Services Leader states, “It is management’s job to set the tone and frame the controls and programs to mitigate the fraud risk.” Companies: not prepared to counter fraud risks Many companies have to do more to establish a robust and effective fraud risk management process. As much as 40% of the respondents expressed concern that their organizations do not have a dedicated anti-fraud department. Worse still, around 43% said that manual red flags are used to detect fraud in their organizations. Given the quantum of data these insurance companies have to handle, this method may not be effective enough as a measure. Lack of third-party due diligence The Indian insurance industry relies heavily on third parties, be it as a distribution channel for selling its products or to conduct due diligence. As a result, the exposure to fraud risk increases, which makes it imperative for a company to conduct duediligence checks before associating itself with any third party for business. Yet,

according to the survey, one-third of the respondents reported that their company does not screen all key vendors and employees. Arpinder Singh adds, “The survey provides a wake-up call for insurance companies. Lack of third-party due diligence and focus on anti-fraud measures; and a continued reliance on manual methods to detect fraud inevitably increases the risk exposure. The adoption of a definite methodology and a comprehensive and integrated approach to fraud risk can help companies address the rising risk of fraud in the insurance sector.” Proactive fraud monitoring: the need of the hour The results of the survey indicate that business leaders are aware of the need to address fraud risk. Some of the more successful organizations have already begun focusing on this area and have consequently benefitted from improved profitability. Arpinder Singh concludes, “Some of the points that companies must include in their fight against fraud are a well-defined whistle-blowing policy, periodic fraud risk assessment, third-party due diligence, data analytics tools to identify red flags, and the automation of processes.”

15. Insurers lost over Rs. 30,000 crore due to frauds in 2011: Study

New Delhi : Indian insurance companies have borne a loss of over Rs. 30,000 crore in 2011 due to different kinds of frauds, a study has claimed.

It cited collusion between the employees of insurers and private persons, document falsification and manipulation in citing cause of death to claim insurance benefits, as some of the reasons behind these frauds. "The losses caused to the insurance sector are Rs. 30,401 crore which is roughly 9 per cent of the total estimated size of insurance industry in the year 2011," the report said. The total premium income of the insurance industry comprising life, non-life and health, is around Rs. 3.5 lakh crore, as per the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) data. The study was conducted by a Pune-based company Indiaforensic, which conducts fraud examination, security, risk management and forensic accounting research. It has also helped the country's investigating agencies like CBI in several high profile cases such as the multi-crore Satyam scam. Around 86 per cent of the frauds occurred in the Life Insurance segment while the remaining 14 per cent took place in the General Insurance sector (which includes risk of loss to assets like car, house, accidents), it said. According to the study, in the last five years, the frauds in Life Insurance sector had more than doubled (103 per cent) whereas the frauds in the General Insurance sector rose by 70 per cent. A total of Rs. 15,288 crore (Rs. 13,148 cr in life insurance and Rs. 2,140 cr in general) was the loss borne by the companies in 2007. In 2011, the loss was pegged at Rs. 30,441 crore. "The insurance sector is susceptible to various frauds in the country. There is an urgent need to have strict measures including setting up of a dedicated unit to detect and check frauds in the companies," said anti-fraud and money laundering expert Mayur Joshi, who is founder member of Indiaforensic. The study said that insurers were defrauding the companies by not disclosing existing diseases by manipulating the empaneled doctor while applying for the policy. "All insurance policies have an eligible age at which the policy can be taken. To accommodate oneself in to the product or enjoy a lower premium, age proofs are

modified to show a reduced age. Some cases require medical tests to issue the policy. However, to substantiate non-disclosed or misrepresented medical conditions, a different person may be sent at the time of the tests. While this may work to get the policy, it would create discrepancy at the time of claims," it said. There have been cases where the date of death was on the death certificate has been fraudulently changed to a date before the actual death when the policy was in force, so as to register a claim, the study said. "Medical Bills forgery is the most common scheme of frauds which affect the Health Insurance sector the most. In as many as 31 per cent of the total falsified documentation schemes medical bills were the common target of the frauds by the external parties. "The second most common scheme of the frauds in the General Insurance space is the non-disclosure of the facts. Travel abroad for the surgery without disclosing it or getting the damaged vehicle insured without disclosing the accident are some of the common schemes," it said giving examples of frauds in general insurance sector. According to Ashish, a certified fraud examiner and investigator "there is a need to have fraud control units in insurance sector to check losses. The study highlights a worrying trend" 16.Fraud in motor and health insurance global perspective: Indian Approach

Global Perspective of General Insurance Fraud: General insurance fraud is undergoing a sea change in its character. It is no more confined to the domain of white-collar crime, but surpassed into a full-fledged scam, world over, posing a serious threat to the global economy. What's visible is only the tip of the iceberg and a lot more underneath. After tax evasion, insurance fraud is officially acknowledged as the second biggest financial crime in the US costing Americans about $100 billion each year reports National Insurance Crime Bureau. Did you know Insurance Fraud is akin to an industry in the West? Special classes are held to make people proficient in perpetrating insurance fraud. There are organized

gangs that specialize in staging vehicular accidents, arson and sabotage of property all to one end - getting a fat insurance claim. Unlike the rest of the world, in India, there is so little information in the public domain about insurance fraud that easily misleads one to believe that the malaise has skipped us. But in reality we are ahead of others. Though a preliminary estimate puts fraud claims at 6% of the total number in India but If insurance fraud levels in India are to be rated in the international range of 10%15%, the Indian general insurance industry would be losing between Rs.2,500-3,500 crore in a year. Channels of Frauds Against Insurance Companies: Fraud against the Insurance Companies committed at different stages are phenomenal and alarming which can be from outside known as external sources or from within the industry, known as internal source, but very often caused due to the unholy alliance of both the sources. Collusion between insurance employees, intermediaries and insured: It would not be an exaggeration to say that in most of the cases the insurer cannot be defrauded except without an unholy nexus between the employee/intermediary in one hand and the insured/beneficiary at the other. Most of the frauds committed by way of a concerted effort of agents, brokers, insurance employees, insured member and the provider of services and other stakeholders of the general insurance system. Not necessarily, the policy holder/beneficiary always bribes surveyors and officials of insurance company to get false claims passed. Sometime insurance employees and or intermediaries or the fraudsters approach the policy holder/beneficiary and suggest ways and means to exaggerate the genuine claim by fabricating documents. Various stages of insurance fraud: Fraud can occur at any stage during the process of applying, buying, using, selling, underwriting insurance or while staking a claim which can be broadly categorized as

pre-insurance otherwise known as application fraud and post insurance comprising eligibility and claims fraud. Pre-insurance stage : Application fraud: This is committed when material misrepresentations are made on an application for insurance with the intent to defraud. Application Fraud differs from claim fraud in that the perpetrator is not seeking to illegitimately obtain a benefit payment-rather the perpetrator is seeking to illegitimately obtain a general insurance coverage only. Planned non-disclosure by clients has always been a major problem faced by Insurance industry, which sadly is socially acceptable. Hiding relevant and potentially damaging information is almost a norm in India. Even if the customer wants to disclose, his/ her insurance agent advises to the contrary and convinces the customer not to tell as it may attract extra premium. Agent is after all interested only in his commission and is worried that faced with extra premium, for which client may decide not to take the policy. Post insurance stage: Frauds at this stage can be either an eligible fraud or claims fraud. Eligibility fraud: Eligibility fraud most commonly involves misrepresentations of the status of beneficiary. In such cases, the benefit is paid to a person not eligible to receive benefits because of various factors.. Fraud by way of identity theft where people stole other person's identity to make false insurance claim, widely prevailing in the west is another species of the eligibility fraud. Claims fraud: Most common where the losses are concocted, exaggerated, inflated, manipulated, manufactured, stage managed, to name a few. Magnitude and frequency of any insurance fraud is greater at the claim stage in comparison to pre-insurance stage. Types of insurance claims frauds

Insurance fraud is generally of two types - one the 'opportunity fraud' - otherwise known as 'soft fraud' and the other is deliberate act to cheat known as 'hard fraud'. Any misrepresentation of facts or circumstances while making a claim is fraud. This could include hiding your previous driving record or padding up the claims sheet. But unfortunately most people like to consider these as little exaggerations rather than fraud. Hard fraud: Premeditated fabrication of claim: Hard fraud is a deliberate attempt either to stage or invent an accident, injury, theft, arson or other type of loss. A hard fraud is committed by faking incidents, accident, burglaries or illnesses, backdating claims, identity theft claims etc. Soft fraud: Opportunistic padding up of claim: In these kinds of fraud, the claimant demands more than what he otherwise deserve. Approximately, 90% of the general insurance fraud results from soft fraud . Soft fraud, which is sometimes called opportunity fraud, occurs when a policyholder or claimant exaggerates a legitimate claim i.e. seeking more than the loss. Immaterial fraud: In some cases, what can described as 'immaterial' fraud occurs, where a policyholder acts fraudulently simply to obtain legitimate payment of a genuine insured loss. A classic example is where the policyholder has lost the receipt for a stolen item and, facing pressure from the insurer, produces a forged receipt to substantiate the claim. The loss is genuine but the policyholder has lied in the course of making the claim, thereby breaching the duty to act 'in utmost good faith'. Motor insurance frauds: MOTOR: World over auto or motor insurance constitute the single largest portfolio ranging between 40% to 70% of total general business insurance segment. Motor insurance is the most potential and vulnerable fraud ridden sector in the industry in comparison to other line of insurance. The Association of British Insurer said motor

insurance is now the leading area for fraud, with its member uncovering 24000 fraudulent car insurance claims worth £260 million during 2007- the equivalent of £5 million every week. Motor Own Damage Claim Fraud: Motor own damage claims fraud committed at pre and post insurance stage involving both hard and soft fraud. A hard fraud includes total damage to the vehicle deliberately to get rid of the same or to earn more money than its market value. Some of the examples are staging collision, theft of the vehicle, burnt by fire, fall into river, owner vehicles give ups, loss under an excluded peril etc. A real accident may occur, but the dishonest owner may take the opportunity to incorporate a whole range of previous minor damage to the vehicle into the garage bill associated with the real accident. Soft fraud accounts for the majority of the motor insurance frauds. Some of the common soft frauds are filing more than one claim for the single loss, higher costs for repair, damage caused earlier, replacement of old spare parts etc. With the advent of organized gangs in auto insurance fraud, it become more complex and sophisticated., which are much difficult to detect, if detected difficult to prove. Motor TP: From chasing ambulance to organize accidents, fraud in motor third party insurance come a long way . Fraudulent motor TP claims is a multimillion dollar business today involving highly organized gangs. More than one of every three bodily-injury claims from car crashes involves fraud. Insurance Research Council (1996). More than one-third of people hurt in auto accidents exaggerate their injuries. (Rand Institute for Civil Justice). Recently in USA, criminal charges were filed against Quentin Hawkins, also known as "Flint Hawkins," the leader of a ring and 64 others for their participation in a largescale insurance fraud ring that either staged or fabricated at least 14 automobile accidents between February 1999 and July 2000 and filed number of bogus bodily injury and medical treatment claims under no-fault insurance policies.

Such gangs have their code words for communication among themselves, where accident is referred to as Movie, vehicles as cans, hospitals as fruit stand and victims as pineapple. Some of its modus operandi are as under: Exaggerated claims: Many instances have been discovered in which corrupt attorneys and health-care providers (combine to bill insurance companies for nonexistent or minor injuries. Hit and run cases: Conversion of natural death into a hit and run case or converting a hit and run case to an accident is very common in India as well as abroad. Paper accidents: Many a times documents created in collusion with various authorities to fake an accident and claim compensation. Staged accident: Where the fraudsters will use a vehicle to stage an accident with the innocent party. Typically, there would be 4 or 5 fraudsters in the vehicle, which makes an unexpected maneuver causing the innocent party to collide with the fraudster's vehicle. Swoop and Squat: Where one or more drivers in "swoop" car force an unsuspecting driver into position behind a "squat car. This squat car, which is usually filled with several passengers, then slows abruptly, forcing the driver of the chosen car to collide with the squat car. In India: Whatever is practiced in west easily find its way to India. A recent survey has shown that more than 50% of the TP claims in India are bogus. There are several claims that are based on bogus accidents carried out with the connivance of law enforcing agencies. In India one public sector insurance company become richer by around Rs.184 Crores due to withdrawal of 427 number of Motor Third Party claim cases, including 40 cases where award have been made, fearing action following investigation by the CBI in pursuance to the direction of the Madras High Court. Last year it is reported that the Insurance companies were defrauded of around Rs.500 Crores for over five years in seven South Bengal districts. It is apprehended that the

figures could be around Rs.1500 Crores over the past ten years. (Times of India Mumbai Edition dated 25-07-2007) Some of the common Modus operandi of TP frauds in India are conversion of ordinary death / other accidental death cases to Hit and Run cases. Conversion of hit and run cases by implanting another vehicle. Most of the hit and run cases are fixed at a later stage in collusion of the police. In some cases it was found that the person making the claim changes but all the other details remain the same like 20 claims made on the same car. It was also found that the same vehicle involved in 18 different accidents, all in the same city and the same years. Death due to own negligence and without involvement of TP vehicles was converted to cases where accident shown to be caused by another vehicle. Accident caused under influence of alcohol converted to cases where accident caused by another vehicle. On Dec 2, 2000 M. Palanivel was injured in an accident while riding pillion on a two wheeler. Investigation reveals he was riding the two wheeler and fell down when he lost balance. Mr. Shankar died in an accident when his car was hit by an Ambassador car. Investigation revealed that he died in an accident when his car hit a tamarind tree. There was no involvement of any Ambassador car. (Money Control .com) Mr. Periyaswanmy was injured in an accident when his two-wheeler hit by an autorickshaw. Investigation revealed that he was allegedly driving under the influence of alcohol and fell off his bike. Mr. Mohan died in an accident when a lorry hit him when he was driving a motorcycle. Hospital record shows that he died in an accident when his motorcycle rammed into a bullock cart. Mr. Senthilkumar was injured as a pedestrian when he was run down by a tempo. Fire Dept. records show that he was injured when he fell down the village well.

Father and son succeeded in receiving compensation of Rs. 3,55,000/- and Rs. 1,52,000/- for the alleged injury sustained while proceeding in a motorcycle, which was dashed by a car, actually they are operating their own tractor, which jilted into a ditch as result of which the occupants slipped down and sustained injuries. United India vs. Rajendra Singh : 2000(3) SCC 581. Inclusion of some stock victims name in the list of persons as injured persons even though they are not traveling. Substitution of un-insured vehicle with a insured vehicle. X claiming compensation for the treatment to an injury sustained by Y in vehicle accident. Passengers traveling in a truck converted to either owner of goods or coolies carried in the vehicle. Impersonating the victim, claimant, owner, driver sometimes advocates had been a norm. Fraud on grand scale committed in MACT and labor Courts in the State of Gujarat by invisible Advocates reports Yong Lawyers. CBI books Ambala based advocate for insurance frauds to the tune of Rs. 200 Crores reports Hindustan Times. Filing cases without consent of the claimants and in the name of advocates who do not exist had been widely prevalent. Filing of bogus injury report / medical certificate etc. to inflate compensation considered to be a right. FIR field against a Doctor from Godhra General Hospital for issuance of false certificate to get compensation u/s 161 / 167 / 193 / 196 / 197 / 198 / 199 / 200 / 406 / 417 / 420/ 465/ 471/ 472/ 476/ 474/ 475 IPC. The list is endless. Health Insurance : 80 percent of healthcare fraud is by medical providers, 10 percent is by consumers and the balance is by other sources. Health Insurance Association of America (1998) Health insurance fraud is described as an intentional act of deceiving, concealing, or misrepresenting information that results in health care benefits being paid to an

individual or group. Fraud can be committed by both a member and or a provider. Member fraud consists of ineligible members and/or dependents, alterations on enrollment forms, concealing pre-existing conditions, failure to report other coverage, prescription drug fraud, and failure to disclose claims that were a result of a work related injury. Provider fraud consists of claims submitted by bogus physicians, billing for services not rendered, billing for higher level of services, diagnosis or treatments that are outside the scope of practice, alterations on claims submissions, and providing services while under suspension or when license have been revoked. Independent medical examinations are used to debunk false insurance claims and allow the insurance company or claimant to seek a non-partial medical view for injury related cases. Global Scenario: Health insurance fraud and abuse is common and very costly to America's healthcare system. Industry analysts argue that out of every $7 spent on Medicare $1 is lost to fraud and abuse that forced the Congress of the United States, to pass the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) declaring health care fraud as a federal criminal offense with punishment of up to ten years of prison in addition to significant financial penalties. In India: In India, the health insurance statistics is alarming. According to a survey conducted by one of the leading TPAs, the estimated number of false claims in the industry is estimated at around 10-15 per cent of total claims. The report suggests that the healthcare industry in India is losing approximately Rs 600 crore on false claims every year. Health insurance is a bleeding sector with very high claims ratio. Various types of Health Insurance Fraud: False claims are the most common type of health insurance fraud. The goal is to obtain undeserved payment for a claim or series of claims. Such schemes include any of the following, when done deliberately for financial gain: Some physicians charge insured patients more than uninsured ones but represent to the insurance companies that the higher fee is the usual one. Charging for a service

that was not performed, or excessive charging for a service or providing unnecessary services or ordering unnecessary tests. Billing for inappropriate tests-Both standard and nonstandard-appears to be much more common among health-care providers. Management of the patient. Unbundling of claims: Billing separately for procedures that normally are covered by a single fee. Double billing: Charging more than once for the same service. Up coding: Charging for a more complex service than was performed. Miscoding: Using a code number that does not apply to the procedure. Kickbacks: Receiving payment or other benefit for making a referral. Indirect kickbacks can involve overpayment for something of value. Misuse: Criminals sometimes obtain Medicare numbers for fraudulent billing by conducting such as health survey or offering a free "health screening" test etc. Attitude towards general insurance fraud Insurance fraud is a globally accepted white collared crime, more so in India where till recently defrauding an insurance company meant cheating the Government and, by and large, people took as their right. Cost of general insurance fraud Fraud cost the insurance industry an estimated $96.2 billion in 1999. (Conning & Co.) In the United States insurance fraud is estimated to cost US$875 per person per year. Australian Institute of Criminology say that 10% of the claims paid by Australian insurance companies are fraudulent and they add about A$70 to the premium of each Australian policy. (Australian Institute of Criminology)

In the UK, about £1.50 billion is paid out on account of bogus and exaggerated claims. This adds almost 5% to the premium of an average insurance policy. The South African Insurance Association (SAIA) estimates that approximately 10% of claims paid out are fraudulent. Closer home, insurance frauds in Malaysia are estimated to be 10%-15% of premiums collected. Impact: Since the very basis of general insurance system revolves around the principle of "collecting from large to pay a few" ultimately it is the policy holders who bear the brunt of the fraud for no fault of its own. Existing system of fraud management: Anti fraud programme Individual insurance companies do make attempts to combat fraud, but they are more concerned about maintaining profitability and not being out-of-line with peer companies, rather than with reforming the system. In most developed and developing countries, insurance associations and insurers have joined hands with the government to combat fraud and mange to promulgate anti-insurance-fraud legislation. As far as Indian insurers are concerned, companies are in a denial and forfeiture mode and, hence, unable to formulate a strategy to combat fraud. Is there any specialty in a financial fraud requiring a separate treatment? Difficulties In Proving Fraud: Evidential Complexity: Insurance fraud is considered an 'invisible and victimless crime' and all over the world. An allegation of fraud should not be made lightly. From the point of view of law of Evidence, it becomes a challenge to prove fraud. The burden of proof is on the insurer, if it suspects that fraud has taken place. Therefore, insurers often end up

paying the claims because they find it difficult to prove the fraud and reject false claims. Tools for fraud management: Constitution or formation of Statutory Fraud Committee. There is a need for establishment of a exclusive Statutory fraud committee for the insurance industry. Amendment to Indian Penal Code to criminalize financial fraud: Insurance fraud to be defined as an offence with severe punitive punishment with the burden of proof to be shifted on the accused to prove absence of commission of fraud by amendment to the IPC, Indian Evidence Act. System reforms in insurance practice: Every insurance company should be required to develop Best Practice Code (BPC) within a time frame and submit the same to the regulator; make effective measures to internalize the BPC in its staff, effectively supervise the fictionalization of the BPC, control and monitor variation from the BPC, enforce BPC in the use of discretionary power and make documentation of the same, periodically review the use of discretionary power, conduct periodical legal system, audit and obtain compliance certificate. Adherence to International Best Practices against prevention of fraud: In the UK, the Association of British Insurers has set up databases that detect multiple insurance, multiple claims, break in insurance, etc. They have taken the service of experts to do data-sifting to detect potential fraudulent claims. Frauds have a pattern and datasifting helps insurers detect those patterns. Law for data sharing: Sharing of data amongst the General Insurance Companies in India could be a very effective tool for identification, detection control and combat the fraud. However, for this they require legal immunity from sharing information on fraudulent claims among themselves, as well as with other financial institutions, regulators, statutory agencies and departments. At present, there are no guidelines with regard to sharing of information among insurers on such fraudsters.

Specific Tool For insurance fraud management: The National Insurance Academy (NIA) has devised a "scientific method" that would facilitate insurers and tackle these third party motor claims. The NIA method is based on seven processes, four preventive and three retrospective tools. Preventive tools brought about are: Stress analysis that would detect the strain and tension in a claimant's voice to figure out if he/she is truthful about the accident. Red flagging' which essentially means reporting bogus claims, thereby creating some sort of a bank. The next time a surveyor deals with a particular accident case, he can dip into the bank to help him identify a pattern. Predictive modeling is a third tool by which an insurer can lay his hands on information on the type of vehicles making a claim in a certain area. The fourth preventive process is database searching. A record of various places and conditions surrounding that area will be kept. This would help an insurer to be extra cautious while settling claims in that area."

CONCLUSION What is insurance fraud? Insurance fraud is an attempt to obtain money from insurance companies by arranging a loss or accident or falsifying information on applications for insurance claims. Fraud can range from large, organized operations involving hundreds of thousands of dollars to an otherwise honest individual who overstates a legitimate claim. What is the penalty for being found guilty of insurance fraud? In most of its forms, insurance fraud is a felony. When caught, prosecuted and found guilty, most fraud perpetrators are required to make restitution and jail time is also commonly imposed.

What is the most common types of fraud cases? Insurance fraud can be divided into three categories: false claims for injuries; arson for profit; and false or intentional auto theft and physical damage. What is the insurance industry doing to reduce fraud? The insurance industry is committed to reducing fraud by teaching claims professionals how to recognize suspicious claims and work with law enforcement and fir services. Insurance companies have units trained to investigate fraud. What can citizens do to reduce fraud? People who want to fight back against this crime can call their state department of insurance and report the crime. What effect does fraud have on the average insurance policy holder? The insurance industry estimates the size of insurance fraud to be about 10-15 percent of the premium dollar. This puts the yearly costs at an estimated $18 billion nationally. As fraud is reduced or eliminated, clams costs can be lowers and those savings can be passed on to policyholders.

BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS 1.Business Ethics And Corporate Governance By-Anita Bobade, Vipul Prakashan 2. Business Ethics And Corporate Governance By-Archana Prabhudesai, Seth Publication 3.Organisation Of Commerce & Management By-N.G. kale, Vipul Prakashan WEBSITES

www.irda.gov.in www.wikipedia.org www.rediffbusiness.com