Project report on automatic crop irrigation system

Automatic crop Irrigation system INDORE

SGSITS,

SHRI G. S. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE INDORE

A PROJECT REPORT ON “AUTOMATIC CROP IRRIGATION SYSTEM” SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMPLETION OF MINI – PROJECT IN

ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

Submitted bySubmitted toAnkit Sharma(0801EI101004) Gamad 1

Dr. R.S

Automatic crop Irrigation system INDORE

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Ashish Agrawal( 0901BT101006) Associate Prof. Abhimanyu Kathal (0801EI091001) E&I department

CERTIFICATE

 This is to certify that Ankit Sharma (0801EI101004), Ashish Agrawal (0901BT101006) (0901BT101006) and Abhimanyu Kathal (0801EI091001) studying in BE III YEAR OF ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION branch of session Jan 2013-June 2013 have successfully completed their project work on Automatic crop Irrigation system and have submitted it to the undersigned authority as on date.

DATE PROFESSOR IN-CHARGE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is no differ different ent.. We find find great great pleasu pleasure re in expres expressin sing g our deep sense sense of  gratitude towards all those who have made it possible for me to complete this project with success. we would like to express true sense and sincerest gratitude to Dr. R.S Gamad our our guid guide, e, for for his his dyna dynami mic c and and valu valuab able le guid guidan ance ce and and keen keen inte intere rest st in our our proj projec ectt work work.. We are are grat gratef eful ul to him him for for his his cons consta tant nt encouragement in the fulfillment of the project work. we also extend my sincere thanks to Head of Department of Electronics & Dr. D.K D.K Mish Mishra ra and Staff Members Members who Instrumentation, Dr. and all all the the Staff extended the preparatory steps of this seminar. We would also like express appreciation and thanks to all our friends who knowingly assisted us with their valuable suggestions and supports, and we are very grateful for their assistance. we would also like to thank those who were directly or indirectly guiding us.

Name of the Students Ankit Sharma Ashish Agrawal Abhimanyu Kathal

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Serial no 1

Topic Objective

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Need for Automation

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Hardware and Software required

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4

Description about components used

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Block Diagram

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Working

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Software and Final PCB layout

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Conclusions and Future enhancements

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References

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1) Objective:  To build an automatic crop irrigation system based on microcontroller ATMEGA8L which can interact with farmers by a mean of Smart Device. (Here we used Laptop).

2) Need for Automation: Agriculture is one of the fields where water is required in tremendous quantity. Wastage of water is major problem in agriculture. Every time excess of water is given to the fields. There are many techniques to save or to control wastage of water from agriculture. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil. It is usually used to assist the growing of crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Different types of irrigation systems are used for management of water in agricultural land. Autom Aut omati atic c irr irriga igatio tion n sy syste stems ms are con conven venien ient, t, esp especi eciall ally y for tho those se who travel. If installed and programmed properly, automatic irrigation systems can even save you money and help in water conservation. Dead lawn grass and plants need to be replaced, and that can be expensive. But the savi sa vin ngs fr fro om au auto tom mat atic ic ir irrrig igat atio ion n sys ysttem ems s ca can n go be bey yon ond d th that at.. Wateri Wat ering ng wit with h a ho hose se or wit with h osc oscill illato atorr wa waste stes s wat water. er. Nei Neithe therr me metho thod d target tar gets s pla plant nt ro roots ots wit with h any sig signif nifica icant nt deg degree ree of pre precis cision ion.. Aut Autom omati atic c irri ir riga gati tion on sy syst stem ems s ca can n be pr prog ogra ramm mmed ed to di disc scha harg rge e mo more re pr prec ecis ise e amounts of water in a targeted area, which promotes water conservation.

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3) Hardware and Software required Hardware required 1) Arduino development Board (ATMEGA8) 2) Depth Sensors (Here we used office pins) 3) Temperature Sensor (LM 35) 4) L293D (Motor driving IC) 5) DC motor (200 rpm) 6) Power Supply (Transformer (9-0-9, 1 ampere), Capacitors ( 47 and 33 micro microfar farad) ad),, voltag voltage e regula regulator tor IC’s IC’s (7805 (7805 & 7809), 7809), Potent Potentiom iomete eterr (1K) (1K) etc). 7) Display Device- Laptop (64 Bits) 8) For PCB designing (copper plate, ferrous chloride etc) Software required 1) Arduino 1.0.2 version for coding and its serial monitor for display 2) PCB wizard

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4) Descriptions of components used 4.1) Arduino Development Board (ATMEGA8) Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments. Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based on Processing). Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP).

Below is the pin mapping for the Atmega8, the original chip used in early Arduinos

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4.2) Depth sensors Here we have used metal pins for sensing depth of field. 4.3) Temperature Sensor (LM 35) •

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•

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It has an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius temperature.  The scale factor is .01V/ .01V/oC  The LM35 does not require require any external calibration calibration or trimming and o maintains an accuracy of +/-0.4 C at room temperature and +/0.8 oC over a range of 0 oC to +100 oC. Another important characteristic characteristic of the LM35DZ is that it draws only 60 micro amps from its supply and possesses a low self-heating capability. The sensor self-heating causes less than 0.1 oC temperature rise in still air.

4.4) L293D MOTOR DRIVING IC L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as curr current ent amplifiers amplifiers since they take a low-c low-curre urrent nt cont control rol signal and provide a higher-current signal. This higher current signal is used to drive the motors. L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode of  operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and an d re reve vers rse e di dire rect ctio ion. n. Th The e mot otor or op oper erat atio ions ns of tw two o mo moto tors rs ca can n be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic 00 or 11 will wi ll st stop op th the e co corr rres espo pond ndin ing g mo moto tor. r. Lo Logi gic c 01 an and d 10 wi will ll ro rota tate te it in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively. Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start operating. When an enable input is high, the associated 9

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driver gets enabled. As a result, the outputs become active and work in phase with their inputs. Similarly, when the enable input is low, that driver is disabled, and their outputs are off and in the high-impedance state.

4.5) Voltage regulator IC’s 7805 and 7809 7805 and 7809 are the voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply whereas 7809 provides +9V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels.

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5) Block diagram 5 volt 9 volt

DEPTH SENSOR

MOTOR MICROCONTROL LER ATMEGA8

 TEMPERATU RE

L293D

DISPLA  Y DEVICE

6) Working  The depth sensor will will sense depth up too which which water is present in the field and temperature sensor will sense temperature of the field. If level of  water in the field drops beyond certain level than the output of the sensor will go high, If temperature is in the proper range and suitable for irrigation, then microcontroller will provide high output to motor driving IC. Hence motor will start drawing water from the nearby source. When proper amount of water (as required for particular crop) is drawn by motor then automatically microcontroller microcontroller will cut supply from the motor as the result proper amount of water will be given to the crop.

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7) Software and Final PCB layout Software programming language used Arduino int a= 8; int b = 9; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(a, INPUT); pinMode(b, OUTPUT); } void loop() { int c= digitalRead(a); int sensorValue = analogRead(A0); analogRead(A0); if (c==LOW) { digitalWrite(b, HIGH); delay(50); Serial.print("\n MORE WATER IS NEEDED "); Serial.print("\t\t STANDARD TEMPERATURE=20-25 TEMPERATURE=20-25 degree "); Serial.print("\t\t STANDARD STANDARD DEPTH= 2.4 cm "); } if (c==HIGH) { digitalWrite(b, LOW); delay(50); Serial.print("\n NO MORE WATER IS NEEDED NOW "); Serial.print("\n THANK YOU FOR WATCHING "); } float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0)*10; if( voltage > 25) { digitalWrite(b, LOW); Serial.print("\t\t NOT PROPER TEMPERATURE "); } Serial.print("\t\t temperature temperature in degree celcius= "); Serial.println(voltage); { delay(5000);} }

8) Final PCB layout 13

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9) Conclusions and Advantages:

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 The system provides with several benefits and can operate with less manpower. The system supplies water only when the humidity in the soil goes below the reference. Due to the direct transfer of water to the roots water conservation takes place and also helps to maintain the moisture to soil ratio at the root zone constant to some extend. Thus, the system is efficient and compatible to the changing environment. Advantages 1. Saves water - Studies show that drip irrigation systems use 30 - 50% less water than conventional watering methods, such as sprinklers. 2. Improves growth - Smaller amounts of water applied over a longer amount of time provide ideal growing conditions. Drip irrigation extends watering times for plants, and prevents soil erosion and nutrient runoff. Also, because the flow is continuous, water penetrates deeply into the soil to get well down into the root zone. Discourages s weeds - Wate 3. Discourage Waterr is only only deli delive vere red d wher where e it's it's need needed ed.. 4. Saves time - Setting and moving sprinklers is not required. A timer dela delay y as per per envi enviro ronm nmen entt can can be adde added d to the the sy syst stem em for for auto automa mati tic c watering. Helps contro controll fungal fungal diseas diseases es,, whic 5. Helps which h grow grow quic quickl kly y unde underr mois moistt conditions. Also, wet foliage can spread disease. 6. Adaptable - A drip irrigation system can be modified easily to adjust to the changing needs of a garden or lawn. 7. Simplest Method - Start by drawing a map of your garden and yard, showin showing g the locati location on of planti plantings ngs.. Measur Measure e the dis distan tances ces requir required ed for lengths of hose or plastic tubing to reach the desired areas. With With a numero numerous us fields fields of applic applicati ation on and variou various s advant advantage ages s of the system has made it one of the major option available for the farmers. The increasing interest in this area of research may bring about more and more consumer efficient system. Water scarcity the major problem is well hand handle led d by the the sy syst stem em.. The The chan changi ging ng clim climat atic ic cond condit itio ion n and and glob global al warming issues prevailing throughout the world can be overcome only thro throug ugh h this this sy syst stem em.. The The auto automa mati tic c irri irriga gati tion on sy syst stem em will will be ever every y farmer’s choice in a decade or so. The improper advertising was the sole reason for the late adoption and acquaintance of the system that took place in the late eighties. But with the awareness spreading all over the globe the system is earning acceptance and so, a number of scientist are investing their time to perfect the system.

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9) References www.arduino.cc.in www.engineeringgarage.com Integrated Circuits by R.S. Botkar

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