Programas y Recursos Tecnologicos en Las Matematicas

 

7

RDI_B[UICGC BUSGSGJ CB FIJGM[A

OGERJSGC CB EIBDEIGU UAEIGJBU BCREGEIÕD EAFB[EIGJ Y CB[BELA EG[[B[G CB BEADAFÆG BD JÆDBG GRJG E7  S[GKG@A CB ID_BUSIMGEIAD Xramrgfgs y rbeursas Sbedajõmieas bd jg bdsb÷gdzg gprbdcizg`b cb jgs fgtbfçtiegs bd jgs egrrbrgs Séediegs y Eibdtæoiegs cb jgs Rdivbrsicgcbs0 Egsa Beugcar

BUSRCIGDSB0 Duvig cbj Xijgr Ugdelbz Ugdelbz

GUIMDGSR[G0 Fgtbfçtiegs Kçsieg

CAEBDSB0 Idm. Afgr Ygmugj Fu÷az, FUe

XB[ÆACA0 Davibfkrb ;8;8 g fgrza ;8;7

 

;

ÆDCIEB IdtracueeiadQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ5 CbsgrrajjaQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ3 Xr am rgf rgfg gs y [ beurs as Sbedajõm Sbedajõm ieas bd jg bdsb÷gdzg bdsb÷gdzg gprbd gprbdcizg cizg`b `b cb jg jgs  Fgtbfçt  Fgtbf çtie ie gs bd jgs E grrbrgs grr brgs Séed Séedie ie gs Y E ibdtæoi ibd tæoiegs egs QQQQQ QQQ QQQQQQ QQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ QQQQQQ QQ 3 

J g eafpbt eafpbtbdei bdeig g cim itgj  QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ ?  ?  Dbebsicgc Dbebs icgcbs bs pg pgrg rg jg bds bdsb÷g b÷gdzg dzg cb eibdei gs téedi téediegs. egs.QQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQ9 QQQQ9 SIE bd jg bcueg bcuegei eiõd õd beugt beugtarigdg arigdg.QQQQQQQQQ .QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQ7; Q7; E adej adejus us iadQQQQ iadQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ79 QQQQ79 [beafbdcgeiõdQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ;8 Kikjiamrgoæg QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQ ;7 

 

5

IDS[ACREEIAD

Cbkica g jas gvgdebs tbedajõmieas qub vgd cb jg fgda ead bj cbsgrrajja cb jg saeibcgc bs prifarcigj tbdbr bd eubdtg jg idearpargeiõd y bj usa cb Sbedajamægs cb jg Idoarfgeiõd y Eafudiegeiõd (SIEs) bd kbdboieia cb jg fisfg, bs par bstg rgzõd qub sb prafubvb bj usa cb jgs SIEs bd praebsas bcuegtivas pgrg gyucgr gj bstucigdtb bd bj praebsa bdsb÷gdzg gprbdcizg`b kg`a jg supbrvisiõd cbj caebdtb. sid bfkgrma, bd gsimdgturgs eafa fgtbfçtieg bxistb rbsistbdeig par trgtgrsb cb udg eibdeig bxgetg ead eadtbdicas gkstrgetas y sb fgdtibdb prbobrbdtbfbdtb bj fétaca trgcieiadgj cb ifpgrtir ejgsbs fgmistrgjbs.  

 

3

CBUG[[AJJA

X[AM[GFGU

Y

[BER[UAU

SBEDAJAMIEAU

BD

JG

BDUB×GDPG

GX[BDCIUG@B CB JGU FGSBFGSIEGU BD JGU EG[[B[GU SBEDIEGU Y EIBDSIOIEGU CB JGU RDI_B[UICGCBU BD BERGCA[.  BERGCA[.   Jgs jjgfgcgs Sbedajamægs cb jg Idoarfgeiõd y jg Eafudiegeiõd sad jas rbeursas y lbrrgfibdtgs qub sb utijizgd pgrg bj praebsa, gcfidi gcfidistrgeiõd strgeiõd y cistrikueiõd cb jg idoarfgeiõd g trgvés cb bjbfbdtas tbedajõmieas, eafa0 arcbdgcarbs, tbjéoadas, tbjbvisarbs, bte.  G ja jgrma cb jg listarig jg bcuegeiõd lg pgsgca par praoudcas egfkias jas eugjbs lgd rbpbreutica cb fgdbrg pasitivg a dbmgtivg bd jg fisfg, ciela bsta sb cbkb rbeadaebr qub bj cbsgrrajja tbedajõmiea getugj bs fuy mrgdcb, par tgj rgzõd sb kusegd ciobrbdtbs fgdbrgs cb idsbrtgr bstg lbrrgfibdtg g ogvar y kbdboieia cb udg kubdg bcuegeiõd   bcuegeiõd Jg tbedajamæg bd kbdboieia cb jg bcuegeiõd bs sufgfbdtb ifpart ifpartgdtb, gdtb, cbkica g qub getugjfbdtb jg mrgd fgyaræg cb bstucigdtbs tibdb geebsa g jg fisfg, g trgvés cb su usa bj bstucigdtb gjegdzg udg bcuegeiõd cb egjicgc bd cadcb bxpjatg y gpravbelg tacgs jgs lbrrgfibdtgs qub tibdb g su gjegdeb eadtrikuybdca gsæ bd su oarfgeiõd gegcéfieg cb fgdbrg iddavgcarg y davbcasg. Bstgfas bcuegdca pbrsadgs pgrg qub oarfbd pgrtb getivg cb jg saeibcgc bd jg eugj jgs SIE iderbfbdtgd fçs su prbsbdeig, bxistbd gpjiegeiadbs aribdtgcgs g egsi tacgs jgs çrbgs cbj eadaeifibdta y

 

2

jõmiegfbdtb g jgs Fgtbfçtiegs bd cadcb sad bspbeæoiegs y rbjbvgdtbs, pbra gj fisfa tibfpa lgeb ogjtg pbdsgr bd jg dbebsicgc cb eujtivgr y mbdbrgr bxpbrtas fgtbfçtieas a idoarfçtieas qub pubcgd eafkidgr jgs cas earribdtbs. Jgs SIE bd mbdbrgj sad udg lbrrgfibdtg qub ogeijitgd bj praebsa cb bdsb÷gdzg y gprbdcizg`b cb jgs fgtbfçtiegs, pbra su usa bd bj gujg rbquibrb udg fbtacajamæg gcbeugcg, ud egfkia fbtacajõmi fbtacajõmiea ea datgkjb. Ub cbkb prapbdcbr g qub jas bstucigdtbs fgdb`bd da saja jgs SIE, sida qub fgdb`bd jgs SIE pgrg gprbdcbr fgtbfçtiegs (EAJAFG  Gdcrgcb, >JGKGDCG @grgfijja, @grgfijja, FIELGY Egrgmugy, & BUXIDAUG Arcõ÷bz, ;8;8).

Bs cbeir, qub jgs tbedajamægs cb jg eafudiegeiõd b idoarfgeiõd tibdbd jg egpgeicgc cb mbdbrgr eadaeifibdtas sibfprb y eugdca sbgd utijizgcgs pgrg bstb oid, su fgj fgdb`a pubcb ideicir dbmgtivgfbdtb bd jg eadcuetg cb jas di÷as y `õvbdbs, si sajgfbdtb sb fgdb`g ead oidbs ðdiegfbdtb rberbgtivas, rgzõd par jg eugj, su usa cbscb jg pbrspbetivg gegcéfieg bs ud rbqubrifibdta idcispbdsgkjb pgrg bj praobsiadgj qub jgkarg getugjfbdtb bd bj çrbg bcuegtivg, bspbeigjfbdtb cb jgs fgtbfçtiegs (Fgrtædbz Greidibmgs, ;872, p. 5). Lay bd cæg, jg bvajueiõd cb jgs SIE bstç ifpgetgdca bd bj fudca cb jg bcuegeiõd, par tgdta, jg tbedajamæg prapareiadg udg gfpjig mgfg cb rbeursas cispadikjbs pgrg gpaygr bj gprbdcizg`b cb jg fgtbfçtieg ([bvbja [asbra, [bvubjtg Cafædmubz, & Madzçjbz-Xérbz, ;87 sbr boiegebs y erbgtivas g pgrtir cb lbrrgfibdtgs cb pracuetivicgc> bstgr idoarfgcas, pgrg sbr rbspadsgkjbs y egpgebs cb eadtrikuir ead jg saeibcgc> gdgjizgr y rbgjizgr praybeeiadbs cb idoarfgeiõd, bdtrb atras. Xar ja qub idvbstimgeiõd pbrfitirç cbtbrfidgr qub bj usa cb jgs tbedajamægs cb jg idoarfgeiõd y eafudiegeiõd bd jg jg bdsb÷gdzg gprbdcizg`b gprbdcizg`b bspbeæoiegfbdtb bspbeæoiegfbdtb bd

beadafæg bs ud tbfg

rbjbvgdtb yg qub bs dbebsgria gcgptgrsb g cistidtas egfkias tbedajõmieas getugjbs> pramrg pramrgfgs fgs bd jædbgs, kgsbs cb cgtas bdtrb atras, jas bstucigdtbs bstucigdtbs tibdbd ud vgsta idtbrés

bd jg ut utijizgeiõ ijizgeiõd d cb bstgs

lbrrgfibdtgs pubsta qub jbs cg ogeijicgc pgrg eafprbdsiõd bd ciobrbdtbs tbfgs bd bj çrbg da saj saja a beadõfieg, sida sida tgfkiéd eadtgkj eadtgkjb, b, fgtbfçtieg y çrbgs cb idtbrés saeigj (Rrimubd Gmuirrb, _brg @grgfijja, & Judg [afbra, ;879) Jg Rdivbrsicgc Ygelgy Sbel, bd Ugd Fimubj cb Rreuquæ, bj Fidistbria cb Bcuegeiõd y Oudcgeiõd Sbjboõdieg, lieibrad bstb fiéreajbs bj jgdzgfibdta cb jg Gmbdcg Bcuegtivg Cimi Cimitgj tgj ;87= ;87=-;8;7, -;8;7, euya ak`btiva bs patbdeigr bj praebsa cb bdsb÷gdzg-gprbdcizg`b fbcigdtb prçetiegs

 

75

iddavgcargs qub sb idtbmrbd bd jg brg cimitgj. Bj bvbdta, bd bj qub pgrtieipgrad civbrsas sbetarbs pðkjieas y privgcas, tibdb eafa idieigtivg oafbdtgr eafpbtbdeigs cimitgjbs bd jg eafudicgc bcuegtivg, ead bj cbsgrrajja cb egpgeicgcbs gjrbcbcar cb jg gjogkbtizgeiõd cimitgj y jgs tbedajamægs cbj gprbdcizg`b y bj eadaeifibdta (FidBcue, ;87=).

 Gdtb bstg dbebsicgc surmb jg icbg iddavgcarg iddavgcarg cb gpaya pgrg jas caebdtbs bd jgs ejgsbs virtugjbs cb erbgr jg lbrrgfibdtg (Lgrcwgrb) ‚Sbgelbr Lbjps‖, qub pbrfitb

trgdsfitir eadtbdica siderõdiea bserita fgdugjfbdtb ead fgregcarbs bd udg pizgrrg oæsieg geræjieg bd tibfpa rbgj g jg pgdtgjjg cbj eafputgcar cbj praobsar y jas bstucigdtbs, ja eugj pbrfitb vbr bj cbsgrrajja cb jas b`breieias pgsa g pgsa, eafa ja aksbrvgkgd aksbrvgkg d bd jgs ejgsbs prbsbdeigjbs. prbsbdeigjbs. Jg lbrrgfibdtg trgkg`g eadbetgcg g jgca cb su eafputgcarg cb udg oarfg fuy eõfacg pgrg jgs ejgsbs y egpgeitgeiadbs virtugjbs. Rtijizgcas pgrg tacgs jgs çrbgs cb bdsb÷gdzg, ud pramrgfg qub sb geapjg, sb idstgjg y sb eadoimurg bd pjgtgoarfgs virtugjbs eafa0 Paaf, Maamjb Fbbt, Fierasaot Sbgfs, Eisea ]bkbx Fbbtidms bdtrb atrgs. Bstg lbrrgfibdtg cb gpaya lg sica ifpjbfbdtgcg ead éxita par gjmudas caebdtbs udivbrsitgrias cb jg Rdivbrsicgc Egtõjieg cb Ugdtigma cb Mugygquij, Beatbe, Rdivbrsicgc cb Mugygquij y cb jas eajbmias Gjbfçd Lufkajct cb Mugygquij, Kjgs Xgsegj, bdtrb atras. Jas caebdtbs gdtbs cbkægd bserikir bd udg la`g cb pgpbj, bj praebsa cb cbsgrrajja cb sus tbfçtiegs ifpgrticgs y fastrgrjg orbdtb g jg eçfgrg wbk cb su eafputgcar, ja qub rbsujtgkg ideõfaca, ifprbeisa y da jbmikjb pgrg jas bstucigdtbs bd su eafputgcar, cioieujtgdca su gprbdcizg`b. (_ijjatg Aygrvicb, ;8;8).

 

73

Ubmðd (_ijjatg Aygrvicb, ;8;8). Jas rbsujtgcas bd fgbstras y bstucigdtbs sad gjbdtgcarbs sakrb bj usa cb bstg lbrrgfibdtg pgrg jgs ejgsbs virtugjbs parqub gpartg, simdioiegtivgfbdtb, simdioi egtivgfbdtb, bd bj praebsa cb bdsb÷gdzg-gprbdcizg`b. bdsb÷gdzg-gprbdcizg`b. Bs oudcgfbdtgj qub jas mrgdcbs prakjbfgs jaegjbs y rbmiadgjbs sbgd bxgfidgcas g trgvés cb jas bobetas y jgs eadcieiadbs bd cadcb getðgd jas Idstitutas Uupbriarbs Séedieas y Sbedajõmieas, parqub gjmudas cb bjjas tacgvæg gcajbebd cb idorgbstrueturg prapig y ead tbedajamæg. Rdg cbkijicgc idstitueiadgj qub bstuva cbscb bj prideipia y qub da lg sica rbsubjtg y fçs par bj eadtrgria sb lg gmrgvgca par jg cbfgdcg y bj erbeifibdta gebjbrgca cb su pakjgeiõd bstucigdtij, bs qub gcajbeb cb praebsas cb mbstiõd gegcéfieas y gcfidistrgtivas cidçfieas (UAJIU UIB[[G & CRG[SB FA[GDSB, ;8;7). Jg Oarfgeiõd tbedajõmieg bs gjtgfbdtb bspbeigjizgcg y prçetieg kg`a jg facgjicgc cugj cbkica gj oafbdta cb eafpbtbdeigs, lgkijicgcbs y cbstrbzgs pgrg trgkg`gr bd sbetarbs pracuetivas y cb sbrvieias pðkjieas eafa privgcas.  Gsifisfa lgy udg sbrib cb eafpbtbdeigs qub cbstgegd jgs lbrrgfibdtgs SIEs bd jas cistidtas çfkitas bcuegtivas.   Eafprbdcbr y cbsgrrajjgr cbsgrrajjgr jgs pasi pasikijicgcbs kijicgcbs bcuegtivgs bcuegtivgs cb jgs dubvgs



tbedajamægs.   Eadaebr y mbstiadgr fbcias y rbeursas tbedajõmieas tbedajõmieas pgr pgrg g jjg g iidtbrvbdeiõd dtbrvbdeiõd saeia-



bcuegtivg bd bj çfkita cb jg bcuegeiõd   _gjargr jg idojubdeig idojubdeig cb jas jas ci ciobrbdtbs obrbdtbs fbcias tbedajõmieas bd jg oarfgeiõd.



  Egpgeicgc pgrg pgrg jg kðsqubcg kðsqubcg sbj sbjbetivg betivg cb jg jg idoarfgeiõd guciavisugj guciavisugj qub



eadtrikuyg g jas gprbdcizg`bs, g jg oarfgeiõd eævieg y g jg riqubzg eujturgj.

 

72

  Eadaebr jgs pasikijicgcbs bcuegtivgs cb jgs tbedajamægs cb jg idoarfgeiõd y jg



eafudiegeiõd.   _gjargr jg idojubdeig idojubdeig cb jas ciobrbdtbs fbcias cb eafudi eafudiegeiõd egeiõd b idoarfgeiõd bd



jg oarfgeiõd idtbmrgj cb jg pbrsadg.   Eajgkargr bd jg bjgkargeiõd cb pramrgfgs saeia-bcuegtivas bd jas fbcias y



rbcbs cb eafudi eafudiegeiõd egeiõd b idoarfgeiõd. Jg jgkar caebdtb cbj praobsar bs jg cb eadstituirsb bd ud rbeursa pgrg bj trgkg`a cbj gjufda, pramrgfgdca getivicgcbs cicçetiegs, padibdca g cispasieiõd cb jas bstucigdtbs jas fgtbrigjbs sakrb jas qub éstas cbkbrçd trgkg`gr y gsistiédcajbs cb fgdbrg tatgjfbdtb pbrsadgjizgcg g trgvés cb jgs fbcias bstgkjbeicas pgrg tgj oid. Bs cbeir, sb utijizgrç prideipgjfbdtb udg fbtacajamæg getivg, lgeibdca gj bstucigdtb pgrtæeipb cb su prapia praebsa oarfgtiva. (Kgsijattg & Mafbz). Xar bjja, bdtbdcbfas qub bj gjufdgca cbkb sbr su`bta gmbdtb cb su prapia gprbdcizg`b.

Jgs SIE lgd trgdsoarfgca crçstiegfbdtb jg cidçfieg cbj cbsgrrajja g divbj fudcigj, bd dubstra pgæs Beugcar bj Fidistbria cb Sbjbeafudiegeiadbs lg ifpjbfbdtgca cbstidgcas g mgrgdtizgr bj geebsa mrgtuita g jgs SIE, egpgeitgeiadbs bd tbfgs tbedajõmieas, bfprbdcifibdtas y sbrvieias bjbetrõdieas cb idtbrdbt, gðd simubd lgkibdca ogjbdeigs ead bj fgdb`a y oudeiadgfibdta cb bstgs lbrrgfibdtgs qub da sad gpravbelgcgs eafa ja cbkbrægd cb sbr bdtrb jas prakjbfgs fçs rbjbvgdtbs, sid bfkgrma bs bvicbdtb bj ifpartgdtb céoieit prbsupubstgria par ja qub da sbræg ogetikjb pgrg tacgs jgs idstitueiadbs. Bd Beugcar jg eadstitueiõd bd bj grtæeuja 53= fbdeiadg

 

7?

qub bj bstgca ‚idearpargrç jgs tbedajamægs cb jg idoarfgeiõd y eafudiegeiõd bd bj

praebsa bcuegtiva y prapieigrç bj bdjgeb cb jg bdsb÷gdzg ead jgs getivicgcbs pracuetivgs a saeigjbs. Cbkica g jg prbcispasieiõd qub prbsbdtgd jas ogeijitgcarbs pgrg gprbdcbr y tafgr eadaeifibdtas sakrb jg gpjiegeiõd cb dubvas rbeursas tbedajõmieas pgrg su gpjiegeiõd sb prbsbdtg ud praebsa kgsgca bd trbs ogsbs qub sad0 ifpjbfbdtgeiõd, ifpjbfbdtgeiõd, egpgeitgeiõd y par ðjtifa gpjiegeiõd. gpjiegeiõd. 7. Ifpjbfbdtgeiõd. Ifpjbfbdtgeiõd. Bd  Bd bstg btgpg sb cg idieia g jg idtbmrgeiõd cb bstrgtbmigs cb bdsb÷gdzg qub pacbfas jamrgr bd kgsb g jas rbeursas tbedajõmieas, dbebsitgfas bstgr gj pbdcibdtb cb jgs getugjizgeiadbs qub sb das prbsbdtgd cæg g cæg bd bj trgdseursa cbj jas gvgdebs tbedajõmieas, ead jas qub eadtgfas pgrg ja eugj bs rbeafbdcgkjb cbtbrfidgr euçjbs sad jas rbeursas ead ja qub eubdtgd jas ogeijitgcarbs. Xar eugdta jas rbeursas idtgdmikjbs pacrægfas facioiegrjas a getugjizgrjas, pbra jas rbeursas tgdmikjbs cbpbdcbrçd cb jg beadafæg bd jg qub sb bdeubdtrg, sid bfkgrma bs ifpartgdtb qub bdeadtrgfas vgrigs gpjiegeiadbs tbedajõmiegs bd jædbg ead jgs eugjbs pacbfas trgkg`gr b ifpjbfbdtgr g jgs ejgsbs y egpgeitgeiadbs (Madzgjbz Gdcrgcb, Mgreig Lbrrbrg, Egkrbrg Kgrrbzubtg, & BrgzaGjvgrbz, ;8;8) Egpgeitgeiõd. Jg ;. Egpgeitgeiõd.  Jg egpgeitgeiõd caebdtb bs rbeafbdcgkjb eadtgr ead jg cbkicg pramrgfgeiõd cb egpgeitgeiadbs eadtidugs cirimicgs g jas ogeijitgcarbs parqub si kibd bs eibrta tibdbd eadaeifibdtas kçsieas sakrb bj fgdb`a cb bstgs lbrrgfibdtgs cimitgjbs

 

7=

Cb gjjæ qub surmb jg dbebsicgc cb gcquirir bxpbribdeig fbcigdtb jgs rbspbetivgs egpgeitgeiadbs qub sb jbs cbkb tbdbr bd eubdtg fædifa egcg trifbstrb, pgrg qub ead bstas eadaeifibdtas y bxpbribdeigs bcuegtivgs pubcgd trgdsfitirjgs g sus usugrias cb fgdbrg oçeij y cicçetieg jamrgdca gsæ eadsbmuir ud gprbdcizg`b simdioiegtiva bd tgj sbdtica qub sbgd gpjiegcas bd bj cigria cb vivir cb egcg pbrsadg y jbs sirvg pgrg pacbr jamrgr sus ak`btivas pjgdtbgcas

(Madzgjbz

Gdcrgcb,

Mgreig

Lbrrbrg,

Egkrbrg

Kgrrbzubtg, & BrgzaGjvgrbz, ;8;8). 5. Gpjiegeiõd. Gpjiegeiõd. Bd  Bd bstg ogsb sb cbkbrç gpjiegr taca ja gprbdcica bd kgsb g jg earrbetg utijizgeiõd cb jas dubvas rbeursas, pubs cb bstg fgdbrg sb jamrgrç tbdbr cbdtra cb jas rbeursas tbedajõmieas g ogeijitgcarbs prbpgrgcas y g usugrias sgtisobelas qub sb sibdtgd

fativgcas

pgrg

sbmuir

gcquiribdca

dubvas

eadaeifibdtas sakrb bj kubd usa cb jgs SIE y sus rbeursas tbedajõmieas, par ja tgdta sb bspbrg sbgd pubstas bd prçetieg pgrg jamrgr ud gprbdcizg`b fçs prçetiea y cidgfizgca (Madzgjbz  Gdcrgcb, Mgreig Lbrrbrg, Egkrbrg Kgrrbzubtg, & BrgzaGj BrgzaGjvgrbz, vgrbz, ;8;8). Bs ifpartgdtb fgdtbdbr ud kubd usa cb jgs lbrrgfibdtgs tbedajõmiegs, pgrg ud kubd gprbdcizg`b yg qub sb jamrgræg fgdtbdbr udg ku kubdg bdg rbjgeiõd rbjgeiõd bdtrb bstucigdtbs y caeb caebdtbs. dtbs.

 

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CIUXB[UIAD

 

79

EADEJRUIAD Bd eadejusiõd, jg idearpargeiõd cb jgs SIE gj praebsa bcuegtiva simdioieg gcgptgeiõd b iddavgeiõd, pubsta qub, bj cbsgrrajja y bvajueiõd cb jg tbedajamæg bs pibzg ejgvb bd jg saeibcgc getugj. Bs cbeir, jgs SIE da pubcbd egfkigr par sæ fisfgs jas praebsas cb bdsb÷gdzg  ― gprbdcizg`b, pbra, si pubcbd gufbdtgr ijifitgcgfbdtb sus bobetas bd bj praebsa bcuegtiva, da pubcbd par sæ sajgs facioiegr jas praebsas cb bdsb÷gdzg  ―  gprbdcizg`b, sida jg fgdbrg eafa bj praobsargca jgs utijizgd bd egcg çrbg cbj eadaeifibdta eadaeifibdt a pgrg qub sus bstucigdtbs fb`arbd su gprbdcizg`b. gprbdcizg`b.

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GDGJISIEA

 

;8

[BEAFBDCGEIADBU Xgrg bjja bs ifpartgdtb ideicir bd jg oarfgeiõd sakrb bj usa y gpjiegeiõd cb jgs pramrgfgs y rbeursas tbedajamieas eafa lbrrgfibdtgs cicçetiegs qub pbrfit pbrfitgd gd bjbvgr jg egjicgc cb jg bcuegeiõd, mbdbrgr fgyar eafudiegeiõd b idtbrgeeiõd bdtrb caebdtbs y bstucigdtbs prapieigdca bj gprbdcizg`b eajgkargtiva. Bj divbj cb oarfgeiõd bd bj usa cb jas rbeursas tbedajamieas eafa lbrrgfibdtgs pgrg bj gprbdcizg`b cb jg fgtbfçtieg prbsbdtg udg pasikijicgc ifpartgdtb bd jg rbcboidieiõd cb jg prçetieg pbcgmõmieg bd jg bcuegeiõd.

 

;7

Kikjiamrgoæg  Gjogra, G., Gjpæzgr, F., Grraya, @., Mgfkag, [., & Licgjma, F. (;883). Bdsb÷gdzg cbjgs Fgtbfçtiegs bd Eastg [ieg0 Bjbfbdtas pgrg ud Cigmdõstiea.

Kgsijattg, _., & Mafbz, X. (s.o.). Fétacas, [beursas y Dubvgs Sbedajamægs pgrg bj  Gprbdcizg`b.  Gprbdciz g`b.  Aktbdica

cb

ucifg.bs0

lttps0//www.ucifg.bs/bs/fbtacas-

rbeursas-dubvgs-tbedajami rbeursas-dubvgs-tb edajamigs-gprbdcizg`b. gs-gprbdcizg`b.ltfj ltfj EAJAFG Gdcrgcb, F. c., >JGKGDCG @grgfijja, F. J., FIELGY Egrgmugy, M. E., & BUXIDAUG Arcõ÷bz, ]. G. (;8;8). Jgs Sies eafa lbrrgfibdtg fbtacajamieg bd

fgtbfgtieg.  Aktbdica

cb rbvistgbspgeias.eaf _aj. 37 (D° 77)0

lttps0//rbvistgbspgeias.eaf/g;8v37d lttps0//rbvistgbspgei as.eaf/g;8v37d77/g;8v37d77 77/g;8v37d77p8=.pco p8=.pco Mgrzad [a`gs, @. U. (;8;8). Idojubdeig cbj usa cb Xlatafgtl bd bj rboubrza gegcéfiea cbj praebsa bdsb÷gdzg-gprbdcizg`b cb beugeiadbs gjmbkrgiegs bd jas

bstucigdtbs cb sbmudca sbfbstrb cb jg Egrrbrg cb Xbcgmamæg cb jgs Eibdeigs Bxpbrifbdtgjbs, Fgtbfçtieg y Oæsieg, cb jg Ogeujtgc cb O.   (W. REB, Bc.)

Aktbdica

cb

cspgeb.ueb.bcu.be0

lttp0//www.cspgeb.ueb.bcu.be/lgd lttp0//www.cspgeb. ueb.bcu.be/lgdcjb/;2888/;7 cjb/;2888/;7=22 =22 Madzgjbz Gdcrgcb, K. G., Mgreig Lbrrbrg, C. M., Egkrbrg Kgrrbzubtg, J. K., & BrgzaGjvgrbz, @. E. (@ujia cb ;8;8). [beursas tbedajõmieas bfpjbgcas bd idoaebdtras par ogeijitgcarbs cb jgspravideigs cb Gzugy y Eg÷gr.  Aktbdica cb

Bpistbfb Naidadig ^U.j.V, v. 5, d. ?, p. 7;7-735, IUUD ;??2-8;