Programa de Prevencion Contra Caidas en Alturas
December 8, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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NHBTADL^H JTGI _]HJ]IAI ND _]DVDLBGÒL W _]H^DBBGÒL BHL^]I BIÁNIR DL I@^T]IR Dstd nhbuadlth bhrrdsphlnd i uli juái sujdrgni phringbghlir I]@ RT]I, sgl glfhraibgòl damirjh bini daprdsi ndmd rdvgsir nd aildri pirtgbu`ir sg rdqugdrd i`juli nd ibudrnh i `i ibtgvgnin ndsirrh``ini.
_rdpirinh phr5 @ugsi Fdrlilni Auùhz ^dblò`hji dl Rdjurgnin y Ri`un dl d` ^rimieh
Jdrdlbgi ^çblgbi Libghli` Dstd nhbuadlth dsté misinh dl `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9= y ds uli prhpudsti nd bòah sd pudnd nhbuadltir d` prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dl i`turis dl `is daprdsis b`gdltds i `i I]@ RT]I. I bhltgluibgòl sd p`iltdil y ndsbrgmdl `hs bhaphldltds qud ndmd bhltdldr ngbch prhjriai.
Bhltdlgnh GL^]HNTBBGÒL.................................... GL^]HNTBBGÒL....................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... .................................................. .................................... 6 HMED^GVHR...................... HMED^GVHR......... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ............................................ ............................... : Jdldri`5..................... Jdldri`5....... ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... .................................. ...................... : Dspdbáfgbhs5.................... Dspdbáfgbhs5....... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... .............................. ................: : I@BILBD ND@ _]HJ]IAI _]DVDLBGÒL W _]H^DBBGÒL BHL^]I BHL^]I BIÁNIR DL I@^T]IR.. : NDFGLGBGHLDR........................ NDFGLGBGHLDR.......... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ......................... ........... 3 AI]BH @DJI@........................ @DJI@..................................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ................................................. ................................... 9= GLVDL^I]GH ND ^I]DIR ND ^]IMIEH DL I@^T]IR BHL _D@GJ]H ND BIÁNI....................9> _H@Á^GBI ND INAGLGR^]IBGÒL ND ^]IMIEH DL I@^T]IR............... I @^T]IR............................. ..................................... ....................... 9> HM@GJIBGHLDR W ]DR_HLRIMG@GNINDR.............. ]DR_HLRIMG@GNINDR............................ ........................... ........................... ........................................ ............................ ..94 94 Hm`gjibghlds y rdsphlsimg`gninds nd `i Jdrdlbgi-edfds nd érdi5.......................... érdi5........................................ .......................94 .........94 Hm`gjibghlds y rdsphlsimg`gninds nd` Bhhrnglinhr nd` sgstdai nd jdstgòl nd sdjurgnin y si`un dl d` trimieh5........................ trimieh5...................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ............................... ...................... .... 96 Hm`gjibghlds y rdsphlsimg`gninds nd `hs trimieinhrds (glb`uyd dstungiltds) dedbutiltds nd `is tirdis dl i`turis5...................... i`turis5.................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ............................................ ............................... 9: Hm`gjibghlds y ]dsphlsimg`gninds nd` Bhltritgsti (glb`uyd i i`julhs dstungiltds) qud dedbutd tirdis nd i`turis5...................... i`turis5.................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ............................................ ............................... 93 Hm`gjibghlds y ]dsphlsimg`gninds nd `i pdrshli Bi`gfgbini5.............................. Bi`gfgbini5......................................................93 ........................93 F@TEHJ]IAI _I]I I_@GBI] D@ _]HJ]IAI ND _]DVDLBGHL W _]H^DBBGHL BHL^]I BIGNIR DL I@^T]IR............................ I@^T]IR......................................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................................... .................................. .... 93 ADNGNIR ND _]DVDLBGHL W _]H^DBBGHL BHL^]I BIGNIR ND I@^T]IR........................=? Adngnis nd _rdvdlbgòl......................... _rdvdlbgòl....................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... .................. ..... =? Bipibgtibgòl h bdrtgfgbibgòl nd `i bhapdtdlbgi `imhri` nd trimieinhrds qud rdi`gbdl trimieh dl i`turis........................ i`turis.......... ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................. ............... =9 Rgstdais nd Gljdlgdrái piri _rdvdlbgòl nd Biánis................................... Biánis................................................. ............................. ...............=> => Adngnis bh`dbtgvis nd prdvdlbgòl........................ prdvdlbgòl...................................... ............................ ........................... ....................................... ..........................=> => _dragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis....................... i`turis.................................... ........................... ............................ ........................... .................................. ..................... =7 Ilé`gsgs sdjurh nd ^rimieh (IR^).................. (IR^)................................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ................................. ................... 29 Rgstdais nd ibbdsh piri trimieh dl i`turis........................... i`turis........................................ ........................... .................................... ......................2= 2= ^rimieh dl suspdlsgòl.......................... suspdlsgòl....................................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ................ 22 Adngnis nd _rhtdbbgòl........................ _rhtdbbgòl...................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ..................... ....... 22 Rgstdais nd rdn nd sdjurgnin......................... sdjurgnin...................................... ........................... ............................ ............................................. ............................... 2> Bhaphldltds nd ul sgstdai nd _rhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis..................................... biánis...................................................... .................24 24 D@DADL^HR ND _]H^DBBGÒL _D]RHLI@ _I]I ^]IMIEH DL I@^T]IR............................49 AILDEH ND BHL^]I^GR^IR.......................... BHL^]I^GR^IR........................................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ....................... ......... 49 Hm`gjibghlds y ]dsphlsimg`gninds nd` Bhltritgsti y/h Dstungiltd5.................................. Dstungiltd5..............................................49 ............49 Hm`gjibghlds y ]dsphlsimg`gninds nd` Bhhrnglinhr nd n d RJ-RR^ frdltd i` aildeh nd bhltritgstis y/h dstungiltds5...................... dstungiltds5.................................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ .................................. .................... 4=
_@IL ND DAD]JDLBGIR.......................... DAD]JDLBGIR....................................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ................. ... 4= ]dbhadlnibghlds jdldri`ds.......... jdldri`ds........................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ......................... ...........4= 4= _rhbdngagdlth mésgbh _`il nd ]dsbitd......................... ]dsbitd....................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ......................42 ........42 RDJTGAGDL^H I _]HJ]IAI _]HJ]IAI ND _]DVDLBGHL W _]H^DBBGHL BHL^]I BIGNIR DL I@^T]IR............................ I@^T]IR.............. ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................ .............. 44
Vdr Ildxh Nhbuadlth 9. Jugi tdblgbi tdblgbi nd sgstdais nd prdvdlbghl - mirilnis. mirilnis.=> => Vdr Ildxh Fhraith D. _dragsh piri trimieh dl i`turis.....................................=7 Vdr Ildxh Fhraith F. @gsti nd Bcdqudh..................... Bcdqudh................................................ ...................................... ........... =7 Vdr Ildxh Fhraith J. Ilé`gsgs sdjurh nd trimieh (IR^)...................................2?
Ildxh Nhbuadlth =. Jugi tdblgbi tdblgbi nd sdjurgnin piri trimieh dl ilniaghs y dstrubturis.........................................................................................................29 Ildxh Nhbuadlth 2. Jugi tdblgbi tdblgbi nd sdjurgnin piri trimieh dl Dsbi`dris......29 Ildxh Nhbuadlth >. Jugi tdblgbi tdblgbi nd sdjurgnin piri trimieh dl p`itifhrai ahvg` d`dvinhri nd pdrshli`..............................................................................29 Vdr Ildxh Nhbuadlth 4. Jugi tdblgbi nd sdjurgnin piri trimieh dl suspdlsghl. ..........................................................................................................................29 Vdr Ildxh Nhbuadlth 6. Jugi tdblgbi nd sgstdai nd prhtdbbghl nd sdjurgnin rdn nd sdjurgnin....................... sdjurgnin.................................................. ...................................................... .............................................. ................... 2= Vdr Ildxh C. F`uehjriai piri d` ailtdlgagdlth nd `hs bhaphldltds y dqugphs bhltri biánis................................................... biánis............................................................................... ....................................... ...................... ........... >3 Vdr Ildxh G. ]djgstrh nd glspdbbgòl nd dqugph nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` piri d` trimieh sdjurh dl i`turi.................................................................. i`turi................................................................................. ................... ....>3 >3 Vdr Ildxh E. ]djgstrh nd ailtdlgagdlth i dqugphs nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` bhltri biánis................................................... biánis............................................................................... ....................................... ...................... ........... >7 Vdr Ildxh K. _rhbdngagdlth Mésgbh piri pir i rdsbitd...................... rdsbitd..............................................4= ........................4=
GL^]HNTBBGÒL.
‐D` trimieh dl i`turi ds thnh trimieh dl d` qud dxgsti d` rgdsjh nd bidr i 9,4? adtrhs h aés shmr shmrd d ul lgvd lgvd`` glfd glfdrg rghr hr‑, ‑, sd bhls bhlsgn gndr dri i bhah bhah ul uli i ti tird rdi i nd i` i`th th rgds rgdsjh jh ndmg ndmgnh nh i `i `iss bhlngbghlds dl `is qud sd ndmd ndsirrh``ir ngbch trimieh y `is bhlsdbudlbgis nd `i agsai, phr ti` ahtgvh y nd ibudrnh i `i gaphrtilbgi dl `i prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri d` pd`gjrh nd biánis dl i`turis _G@IAHGL RIR nilnh buap`gag buap`gagdlth dlth i` rdj`ia rdj`iadlth dlth vgjdltd dl rd`ibgòl i` trimieh sdjurh dl i`turi, ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=, ]dsh`ubgòl 97?2 97?2 nd =? =?92 92 y ]d ]dsh sh`u `ubg bgòl òl 22 2263 63 nd =? =?9> 9> rd rdbh bhlh lhbd bd d` bh bhap aprh rhag agsh sh piri piri bh bhl l `h `hss dap`di dap `dinhs nhs nd dst dsti, i, bhl `i d`i d`imhr mhribg ibgòl òl y buap` buap`gag gagdlt dlth h nd` prds prdsdlt dltd d prhjria prhjriai i nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. ^hnhs `hs dap`dinhs y bhltritgstis nd _G@IAHGL RIR tgdldl `i rdsphlsimg`gnin nd trimieir dl fhrai sdjuri dl d` `ujir nd trimieh. Rdjõl `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9= sd ndfgld d` prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dl i`turis bhah5 ‐`i p`ildibgòl, hrjilgzibgòl, dedbubgòl y dvi`uibgòl nd `is ibtgvgninds gndltgfgbinis phr d` dap`dinhr bhah ldbdsirgis nd gap`dadltir dl `hs sgtghs nd trimieh dl fhrai gltdjri` d gltdrngsbgp`glirgi, piri prdvdlgr `i hburrdlbgi nd ibbgndltds nd trimieh phr trimieh dl i`turis y `is adngnis nd prhtdbbgòl gap`dadltinis piri ndtdldr `i biáni uli vdz hburri h agtgjir sus bhlsdbudlbgis‑.
HMED^GVHR.
Jdldri`5 Ailtdldr y adehrir d` mgdldstir glngvgnui` y bh`dbtgvh nd `hs trimieinhrds y bhltritgstis nd _G@IAHGL RIR qud rdi`gzil `imhrds h tirdis i aés nd 9,4? adtrhs i trivçs nd `i p`ildi p`i ldibgò bgòl, l, ded dedbub bubgòl gòl,, bhh bhhrng rnglib libgòl gòl y sup supdrv drvgsg gsgòl òl nd ibtgvg ibtgvgnin ninds ds nd prdvdl prdvdlbgò bgòl l y prhtdbbgòl glngvgnui` y/hd`bh`dbtgvi bhltrgmuydlnh i` adehriagdlth nd` sgstdai nd jdstgòl nd sdjurgnin y si`un dl trimieh RJ-RR^ nd dsti.
Dspdbáfgbhs5
Nir buap`gagdlth i` rdj`iadlth vgjdltd dl sdjurgnin y si`un dl d` trimieh i trivçs nd `i ip ip`g`gbi bibg bgòl òl nd `i ]d ]dsh sh`u `ubg bgòl òl 9>?7 9>?7 nd =? =?9= 9= y nd ndaé aéss qu qud d ip ip`g`gqu qudl dl ahngfgbibghlds piri d` trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis.
]di`gzir ul glvdltirgh nd `is tirdis nd trimieh dl i`turis bhl pd`gjrh nd biáni ndsirrh``inis dl _G@IAHGL RIR
Ndfglgr lhrais nd sdjurg Ndfglgr sdjurgnin, nin, d`dadl d`dadlths ths nd prhtdbb prhtdbbgòl gòl pdrshli` y sgstd sgstdais ais nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis bh`dbtgvhs d glngvgnui`ds piri d` ndsirrh``h nd `hs trimiehs dl i`turis ndsirrh``inhs dl _G@IAHGL RIR.
Jdstghlir d` bhltrh` hpdribghli` piri tirdis dl i`turi bhl pd`gjrh nd biánis phr adngh nd ilé`gsgs prd hpdribghli` hpdribghli`,, pdrags pdragshs hs trimieh y/h `gsti `gstiss nd bcdqu bcdqudh dh piri d` ndsirrh``h nd `is agsais.
I@BILBD ND@ _]HJ]IAI _]DVDLBGÒL W _]H^DBBGÒL BHL^]I BIÁNIR DL I@^T]IR.
Dstd _rhjriai i thnis tirdis piri adlth trimieh dl ltd, i` i`turis turis pd`gjrh bbiánis iánis nd _G@IAHGL RIRip`gbi ti` bha bhah h `h `is ndf ndfgld gld d` rdj`i rdj`iadl th vgjd vgjdltd , dlbhl thnh thnhs s susndbdltr bdltrhs hs nd trimieh, y `h ndmd buap`gr thnh dap`dinh y/h dstungiltd mieh bui`qugdr tgph nd bhltrith i` gjui` qud `hs vgsgtiltds.
NDFGLGBGHLDR.
_iri dfdbths nd` prdsdltd prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dl i`turis sd ip`gbil `is sgjugdltds ndfglgbghlds ninis phr `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=.
Imshrmdnhr nd bchqud5 Ngsagluyd `is fudrzis nd gapibth dl d` budrph nd` trimieinhr h dl `hs pulths nd ilb`ied dl d` ahadlth nd uli biáni. ndsbdlsh prhjrdsgòl budrnis bhl Ibbdsh phr budrnis5 ^çblgbi dqugphs dspdbgi`gzinhs piri ti` nd fgl,isbdlsh, bhl d` prhpòsgth nd yibbdndr i ul phr `ujir dspdbáfgbh nd uli dstrubturi
Ilb`ied5 Ilb`ie d5 _ulth sdjurh i` qud pudndl bhldbtirsd dqugphs pdrshli`ds nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. _udnd sdr fgeh h aòvg` sdjõl `i ldbdsgnin. Iprhmibgòl Iprhmibgò l nd dqug dqugphs5 phs5 Nhbuadlth dsbrgth y fgrainh phr uli pdrshli bi`gfgbini, dagtgdlnh su bhlbdpth nd buap`gagdlth bhl `hs rdqudrgagdlths nd` fimrgbiltd. Irlçs nd budrph bhap`dth5 Dqugph nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` ngsdùinh piri ngstrgmugr dl virgis pirtds nd` budrph d` gapibth jdldrinh nuriltd uli biáni. Iyuniltd Iyun iltd nd sdjurg sdjurgnin5 nin5 ^rimieinhr ndsgjlinh phr d` dap`dinhr piri vdrgfgbir `is bhlngbghlds nd sdjurgnin y bhltrh`ir d` ibbdshndi bipibgtibgòl `is érdis nddl rgdsjh nd biáni nd hmedths h pdrshlis. Ndmd tdldr uli bhlstilbgi prhtdbbgòl bhltri bián biánis is pi piri ri tr trim imie ieh h sdju sdjurh rh dl i`tu i`turi riss dl lg lgvd vd`` iv ivil ilzi zinh nh h td tdld ldrr bd bdrt rtgfgfgb gbin inh h nd bhapdtdlbgi `imhri` nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. (Ludvi ndfglgbgòl).
Mirilni5 Mirrdri qud sd glsti`i i` mhrnd nd ul `ujir piri prdvdlgr `i phsgmg`gnin nd biáni. biá ni. Jirilt Jiriltgzi gzirr uli bip bipibg ibgnin nin nd bir birji ji y bhl bhltir tir bhl ul tri trivds vdsiùh iùh nd ijirrd ijirrd supdrghr, uli mirrdri bh`hbini i lgvd` nd` sud`h piri dvgtir `i biáni nd hmedths y ul trivdsiùh gltdradngh qud prdvdlji d` pish nd pdrshlis dltrd d` trivdsiùh supdrghr y `i mirrdri glfdrghr. thni ni ibtg ibtgvg vgni nin n rdi` rdi`gz gzin ini i bh bhl l d` hm hmed edtgtgvh vh nd pr prdp dpir irir ir d` ti ti`d `dlt lth h Bipibgtibgòl5 ds th cuailh adngiltd ul prhbdsh dl d` bui` d` pirtgbgpiltd bhaprdlnd, isgag`i, glbhrphri y ip`gbi bhlhbgagdlths, cimg`gninds, ndstrdzis qud `h cibdl bhapdtdltd piri dedrbdr sus `imhrds dl d` pudsth nd trimieh. Bdltrh Bdltr h nd dltrd dltrdliag liagdlth5 dlth5 Rgtgh ndstglinh piri `i fhraibgòl nd pdrshlis dl trimieh sdjurh sdj urh dl i`t i`turi uris, s, qud bud budlti lti bhl glfrid glfridstr strubt ubturi uri ind indbui buini ni piri piri ndsirr ndsirrh`` h``ir ir y/h fulniadltir d` bhlhbgagdlth y `is cimg`gninds ldbdsirgis piri d` ndsdapdùh nd` trimieinhr, y `i ip`gbibgòl nd `is tçblgbis rd`ibghlinis bhl d` ush nd dqugphs y bhlfgjuribgòl nd sgstdais nd _rhtdbbgòl Bhltri Biánis nd i`turis. Indaés nd `is dstrubturis, d` Bdltrh nd Dltrdliagdlth ndmdré bhltir bhl dqugphs nd _rhtdbbgòl Bhltri Biánis Bdrtgfgbinhs, glb`uydlnh `áldis nd vgni vdrtgbi`ds y chrgzhlti`ds, sdil phrtétg`ds h fgeis y thnhs `hs rdburshs piri jiriltgzir uli indbuini bipibgtibgòl nd` trimieinhr.
Bdrtgfgbibgòl nd dqugphs5 Nhbuadlth qud bdrtgfgbi qud ul ndtdraglinh d`dadlth buap`d bhl `is dxgjdlbgis nd bi`gnin nd ul dstélnir libghli` qud `h rdju`i y dl su iusdlbgi, nd ul dstélnir ivi`inh gltdrlibghli`adltd.
Bdrtgfgbinh nd bhapdtdlbgi `imhri`5 Nhbuadlth hthrjinh phr ul hrjilgsah bdrtgfgbinhr glvdstgnh bhl iuthrgnin `dji` piri su dxpdngbgòl, nhlnd rdbhlhbd `i bhapdtdlbgi `imhri` nd uli pdrshli piri ndsdapdùirsd dl dsi ibtgvgnin. (Ludvi ndfglgbgòl). Bdrtgfgbinh nd bipibgtibgòl5 Nhbuadlth qud sd dxpgnd i` fgli` nd` prhbdsh dl d` qud sd ni bhls bhlsti tilb lbgi gi qu qud d uli uli `imhri`. pd pdrs rshl hli i burs bursò ò y ip iprh rhmò mò `i bi bipi pibg bgti tibg bgòl òl ld ldbd bdsi sirg rgi i piri piri ndsdapdùir uli ibtgvgnin Bdrtgfgbib fgbibgòl gòl qud sd hmtgdl hmtgdld d adngiltd adngiltd d` Bdrtgfgbibgòl Bdrtgfgbibg òl piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis5 i`turis5 Bdrtg bdrtgfgbinh nd bipibgtibgòl nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis h adngiltd d` bdrtgfgbinh dl ngbci bhapdtdlbgi `imhri`.
Bhldbthr5 Bui`qugdr dqugph bdrtgfgbinh qud pdragti ulgr d` irlçs nd` trimieinhr i` pulth nd ilb`ied. Bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis5 trimieinhr ndsgjlinh phr d` dap`dinhr bipiz nd gndl gndltgtgfgfgbi birr pd pd`g`gjr jrhs hs dl d` sgtg sgtgh h dl nh nhln lnd d sd rdi` rdi`gz gzi i tr trim imie ieh h dl i` i`tu turis ris,, qu qud d tgtgdl dld d su iuthrgzibgòl piri ip`gbir adngnis bhrrdbtgvis gladngitis piri bhltrh`ir rgdsjhs ishbginhs i ngbchs pd`gjrhs. (Ahngfgbh ]dsh`ubgòl 2263 nd =?9>). Ngstilbgi nd ndsibd`dribgòl5 @i ngstilbgi vdrtgbi` dltrd d` pulth nhlnd tdragli `i biáni `gmrd y sd bhagdlzi i ibtgvir d` imshrmdnhr nd bchqud cisti qud dstd õ`tgah pird phr bhap`dth. Ngstilbgi nd ndtdlb Ngstilbgi ndtdlbgòl5 gòl5 @i ngstilbgi vdrtgbi` thti` rdqudrgni piri ndtdldr uli biáni, glb`uydlnh `i ngstilbgi nd ndsibd`dribgòl y `i ngstilbgi nd ibtgvibgòl. _drs rshl hli i bh bhl l fh fhra raib ibgò gòl l dl d` lg lgvd vd`` nd Dltrdlinh Dltrdl inhrr dl trimi trimieh eh sdj sdjurh urh dl i`t i`turi uris5 s5 _d dltrdlinhr, bdrtgfgbinh dl `i lhrai nd bhapdtdlbgi `imhri` piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis vgjdltd.
Dqugph nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis bdrtgfgbinh 5 Dqugph qud buap`d bhl `is dxgjdlbgis nd bi`gnin nd `i lhrai libghli` h gltdrlibghli` qud `h rdju`i. Ds`glji nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis5 Rgstdai nd budrni qud pdragtdl `i ulgòl i` irlçs nd` trimieinhr i` pulth nd ilb`ied. Ru fulbgòl ds ndtdldr `i biáni nd uli pdrshli, imshrmgdlnh imshrm gdlnh `i dldrjá dldrjái i nd `i biáni, `i aéxgai bi birji rji shmrd d` trimi trimieinhr einhr sdré nd 7?? `gmris. Ru `hljgtun thti`, iltds nd `i ibtgvibgòl, ndmd sdr aéxgah nd9, 3 adtrhs. Ds`glji nd phsgbghliagdlth5 D`dadlth nd budrni bhl rdsgstdlbgi aálgai nd 4.??? `gmris qud pudnd tdldr dl sus dxtrdahs jilbchs h bhldbthrds qud pdragtdl `i ulgòl i` irlçs nd` trimieinhr y i` pulth nd ilb`ied, y qud `gagti `i ngstilbgi nd biáni nd` trimieinhr i aéxgah 6? ba. Ds`glji nd rdstrgbbgòl5 D`dadlth nd budrni bhl rdsgstdlbgi aálgai nd 4.??? `gmris y nd ngfdrdltds `hljgtunds h jrinuim`d qud pdragti `i bhldxgòl nd sgstdais nd m`hqudh h frdlh.
Dvi`uibgòl nd bhap Dvi`uibgòl bhapdtdlbg dtdlbgis is `imh `imhri`ds ri`ds piri trimi trimieh eh sdjurh dl i`tur i`turis5 is5 _rhbdsh phr adngh nd` bui` ul dvi`uinhr rdbhjd glfhraibgòl shmrd d` ndsdapdùh y bhlhbgagdlth nd uli pdrshli bhl d` fgl nd ndtdraglir sg ds bhapdtdltd, h iõl lh, piri ndsdapdùir uli fulbgòl prhnubtgvi nd ibudrnh i `i lhrai tçblgbi. Dvi`uinhr nd bhapdtdlbgis `imhri`ds dl prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh bdrtgfgbini bhah dvi`uinhr bhapdtdlbgi `imhri`ds bhl sdjur sdjurh h dl i`tur i`turis5 is5 _drshli bdrtgfgbibgòl vgjdltd dl `i lhrai nd bhapdtdlbgi `imhri`nd qud vi i dvi`uir y ndmd ydstir bdrtgfgbinh dl d` lgvd` nd dltrdlinhr. (Ludvi ndfglgbgòl).
Fibthr nd sdjurgnin5 Lõadrh au`tgp`gbinhr nd `i birji rdi` ip`gbini i ul d`dadlth, piri ndtdraglir `i birji i utg`gzir dl d` ngsdùh. Jilbch5 Dqugph adté`gbh bhl rdsgstdlbgi aálgai nd 4.??? `gmris. Dstél prhvgsths nd uli irjh``i u heh i` qud dsté isdjurinh d` aitdrgi` nd` dqugph bhldbthr y ul sgstdai nd ipdrturi y bgdrrd bhl nhm`d sgstdai nd ibbghliagdlth piri dvgtir uli ipdrturi ibbgndlti`, qud isdjurd qud d` jilbch lh sd si`ji nd su pulth nd bhldxgòl. Cudbh5 Cudb h5 _iri dfdbth nd dsti lhrai ds d` dspibgh vibáh h mrdbci dl uli supdrfgbgd h pirdn, sgl prhtdbbgòl, i trivçs nd` bui` sd pudnd prhnubgr uli biáni nd 9,4? a h aés nd pdrshlis u hmedths. @áldis nd vgni chrgzhlti`ds5 Rgstdais bdrtgfgbinhs nd bim`ds nd ibdrh, budrnis, rgd`ds u htrhs aitdrgi`ds qud ndmgniadltd ilb`inis i `i dstrubturi nhlnd sd rdi`gziré d` trimieh dl i`turis, pdragtil `i bhldxgòl nd `hs dqugphs pdrshli`ds nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis y d` nd ndsp sp`i `izi ziag agdlt dlth h chrg chrgzh zhlt lti` i` nd` nd` tr trim imie iein inhr hr sh shmr mrd d ul uli i nd ndtd tdra ragl glin ini i su supd pdrf rfgb gbgd gd;; `i dstrubturi nd ilb`ied ndmd sdr dvi`uini bhl açthnhs nd gljdlgdrái. iqud`` d``is is qud sd dlbudl dlbudltri tril l ndmgni ndmgniadl adltd td @áld @áldis is nd vg vgni ni ch chrg rgzh zhlt lti` i`ds ds fg fgei eis5 s5 Rhl iqu ilb`inis i uli ndtdraglini dstrubturi, fimrgbinis dl bim`d nd ibdrh h rgd`ds adté`gbhs y sdjõl su `hljgtun, sd shphrtil phr pulths nd ilb`ied gltdradnghs; ndmdl sdr ngsdùinis d glsti` gls ti`ini iniss phr uli pdr pdrshl shli i bi` bi`gfg gfgbin bini. i. @hs bé` bé`bu` bu`hs hs dst dstrub rubtur turi`d i`dss ndtdra ndtdragli glirél rél sg sd rdqugdrd nd sgstdais imshrmdltds nd dldrjái. dqugphs bdrtgfgbinhs prd dlsiam`inhs, @áldi @áldis s nd vgni chrg chrgzhlt zhlti`ds i`dsnd phrtétg phrtétg`ds5 d`imhrinhs dl budrni h bim`d ibdrh,`ds5 bhlRhl sgstdais imshrmdltds nd ybchqud, bhldbthrds dl sus dxtrdahs, ul sgstdai tdlsghlinhr y nhs milnis nd ilb`ied tgph ^gd Hff ; dstis sd glsti`irél phr pirtd nd `hs trimieinhrds iuthrgzinhs dltrd nhs pulths nd bhaprhmini rdsgstdlbgi y sd vdrgfgbiré su glsti`ibgòl phr pirtd nd` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis h nd uli pdrshli bi`gfgbini.
@áldis nd vgni vdrtgbi`ds5 Rgstdais bdrtgfgbinhs nd bim`ds nd ibdrh, budrnis, rgd`ds u htrhs aitdrgi`ds qud ndmgniadltd ilb`inis dl ul pulth supdrghr i `i zhli nd `imhr, prhtdj prh tdjdl dl i` tri trimie mieinh inhrr dl su nds ndsp`i p`izia ziagdl gdlth th vdr vdrtgb tgbi` i` (is (isbdl bdlsh/ sh/nds ndsbdl bdlsh) sh).. Rdr Rdrél él ngsdùinis phr uli pdrshli bi`gfgbini, y ndmdl sdr glsti`inis phr uli pdrshli bi`gfgbini h phr uli pdrshli ivi`ini phr d` fimrgbiltd h phr `i pdrshli bi`gfgbini. Aéxgai fudrzi nd ndtdlbgòl, AFN5 @i aéxgai fudrzi qud pudnd shphrtir d` trimieinhr sgl sufrgr uli `dsgòl, ds 9.3?? `gmris (3 kg`hldwthls ‒ 396 kj).
Adngni Adng niss nd pr prdv dvdl dlbg bgòl òl55 Bh Bhle leul ulth th nd ibbg ibbghl hlds ds gl glng ngvg vgnu nui` i`ds ds h bh bh`d `dbt btgv gvis is qud qud sd gap`dadltil piri invdrtgr h dvgtir `i biáni nd pdrshlis y hmedths builnh sd rdi`gzil trimiehs dl i`turis y fhrail pirtd nd `is adngnis nd bhltrh`. Dltrd d``is dstél5 sgstdais nd gljd gljdlg lgdrá drái; i; prhj prhjri riai ai nd prht prhtdb dbbg bgòl òl bhlt bhltri ri bi bián ánis is y `i `iss ad adng ngni niss bh bh`d `dbt btgv gvis is nd prdvdlbgòl. Bhle leul ulth th nd ibbg ibbghl hlds ds gl glng ngvg vgnui nui`d `dss h bh bh`d `dbt btgv gvis is qu qud d sd Adngni Adng niss nd pr prht htdb dbbg bgòl òl55 Bh gap`dadltil piri ndtdldr `i biáni nd pdrshlis y hmedths uli vdz hburri h piri agtgjir sus bhlsdbudlbgis.
Ahsqud Ahsq udtò tòl5 l5 Dqu Dqugph gph adt adté`g é`gbh bh dl fhr fhrai ai nd irj irjh`` h``i i qud pdr pdragt agtd d rdi`gz rdi`gzir ir bhldxg bhldxghld hldss ngrdbtis nd` irlçs i `hs pulths nd ilb`ied. Htrh ush ds sdrvgr nd bhldxgòl dltrd dqugphs nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis h rdsbitd i su pulth nd ilb`ied. _drshli bi`gfgbin _drshli bi`gfgbini5 i5 Gljdlgdrh bhl bdrtgfgbibgòl nd bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis y dxpdrgdlbgi dxpdrg dlbgi bdrtgfgb bdrtgfgbini ini aálga aálgah h nd nhs iùhs piri ngsdùir, bi`bu bi`bu`ir, `ir, ili`gzir, dvi`uir, iuthrgzir pulths nd ilb`ied y d`imhrir dspdbgfgbibghlds nd trimiehs, prhydbths h prhnubths ibhrnd bhl `h dstim`dbgnh dl `i prdsdltd rdsh`ubgòl. @i pdrshli bi`gfgbini ds `i õlgbi pdrshli qud ni `i iuthrgzibgòl i ul pulth nd ilb`ied shmrd d` bui` sd tdljil nunis. (Ludvi ndfglgbgòl).
_hsgbg _hs gbghli hliagd agdlth lth nd tri trimie mieh5 h5 Bhl Bhleul eulth th nd prh prhbdn bdngag gagdlt dlths hs adn adngil giltd td `hs bui bui`ds `ds sd ailtdlnré h shstdlnré d` trimieinhr i ul `ujir dspdbáfgbh nd trimieh dl i`turis, `gagtilnh `i biáni `gmrd nd dstd i = pgds (?,6? a) h adlhs. ]ddltrdliagdlth5 _rhbdsh ilui` hm`gjithrgh, phr d` bui` sd ibtui`gzil bhlhbgagdlths y sd dltrdlil cimg`gninds y ndstrdzis dl prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. Ru bhltdlgnh y nuribgòl ndpdlnd nd `hs biamghs dl `i lhrai piri prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dl trimieh dl i`turis, h nd` rdpish nd `i agsai y nd `is fi``is qud dl su ip`gbibgòl qud d` dap`dinhr ndtdbtd, yi sdi adngiltd uli dvi`uibgòl i `hs trimieinhrds h adngiltd hmsdrvibgòl i `hs agsa agsahs hs ph phrr pirt pirtd d nd` nd` bhhr bhhrng ngli linh nhrr nd tr trim imie ieh h dl i` i`tu turi ris. s. D` rd rddl dltr trdl dlia iagd gdlt lth h nd ndmd md rdi`gz rdi `gzirs irsd d ilu ilui`a i`adlt dltd d h bui builnh lnh d` tri trimie mieinh inhrr iut iuthrg hrgzin zinh h glj gljrds rdsd d bhah bhah lud ludvh vh dl `i daprdsi, h biamgd nd tgph nd trimieh dl i`turis h ciyi biamginh `is bhlngbghlds nd hpdribgòl h su ibtgvgnin. (Ludvi ndfglgbgòl). ]dqudrgagdlth nd b`irgnin h dspibgh `gmrd nd biáni5 Ngstilbgi vdrtgbi` rdqudrgni phr ul trimieinhr dl bish nd uli biáni, piri dvgtir qud dstd gapibtd bhltri d` sud`h h bhltri ul hmstébu`h. D` rdqudrgagdlth nd b`irgnin ndpdlndré prglbgpi`adltd nd `i bhlfgjuribgòl nd` sgstdai nd ndtdlbgòl nd biánis utg`gzinh.
]dstrgbbgòl nd biáni5 ^çblgbi nd trimieh qud tgdld phr hmedtgvh gapdngr qud d` trimieinhr sufri uli biáni nd ul mhrnd h `inh ndsprhtdjgnh. ]hnipgç5 D`dadl D`dadlth th nd prhtdbbgòl bh`dbt bh`dbtgvi gvi qud fulni fulniadlti adlti`adlt `adltd d prdvgdld prdvgdld `i biáni biáni nd hmedths h qud iltd d` rdsmi`òl nd uli pdrshli, dvgti qud dsti bigji i` vibáh. Ndmd sdr pirtd nd `is mirilnis y prhtdjdr d` érdi nd trimieh i su i`rdndnhr.
^rimieinhrr iuth ^rimieinh iuthrgzin rgzinh5 h5 ^rimieinhr qud phsdd d` bdrtgfgbinh nd bipibgtibgòl nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis h d` bdrtgfgbinh nd bhapdtdlbgi `imhri` piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis. (Ludvi ndfglgbgòl).
^rimiehs dl suspdlsgòl5 ^irdis dl `is qud d` trimieinhr ndmd ‐suspdlndrsd‑ h bh`jirsd y ailtdldrsd dl dsi phsgbgòl, agdltris rdi`gzi su tirdi h agdltris ds sumgnh h mieinh. ^rimieh hbisghli`5 Rhl `is ibtgvgninds qud lh rdi`gzi rdju`iradltd d` trimieinhr h qud shl dsphréngbhs h rdi`gzinhs nd vdz dl builnh. ^rimieh rutgl ^rimieh rutglirgh5 irgh5 Rhl `is ibtgvgninds qud rdju`iradltd ndsirrh``i d` trimieinhr, dl d` ndsdapdùh nd sus fulbghlds. Tlgninds vhbibgh Tlgninds vhbibghli`ds li`ds nd iprdl iprdlngzi ngzied ed dl dapr daprdsis dsis (TVID)5 @is daprdsis, h `hs jrdaghs jrdag hs dl bhlvd bhlvdlgh lgh bhl dstis dstis,, phnrél brdir ulgninds vhbibghli vhbibghli`ds `ds nd iprdln iprdlngzied gzied,, `is bui`ds shl adbilgsahs ndltrh nd `is daprdsis qud musbil ndsirrh``ir bhlhbgagdlth dl `i hrjilgzibgòl adngiltd prhbdshs nd iuthfhraibgòl, bhl d` fgl nd prdpirir, dltrdlir, rddltrdlir, bhap`dadltir y bdrtgfgbir `i bipibgnin nd` rdbursh cuailh piri rdi`gzir `imhrds sdjuris dl trimieh dl i`turis ndltrh nd `i daprdsi. @i fhraibgòl qud sd gapirti i trivçs nd `is TVIDR ndmdré rdi`gzirsd bhl `hs dltrdlinhrds piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis. (Ludvi ndfglgbgòl). Rgstda Rgs tdais is nd prh prhtdb tdbbgò bgòl l nd biá biánis nis bdr bdrtgf tgfgbi gbinh5 nh5 Bhleulth nd d`dadlths y/h dqugphs ngsdùinhs d glsti`inhs qud buap`dl bhl `is dxgjdlbgis nd bi`gnin nd `i lhrai libghli` h gltdrlibghli` qud `h rdju`i, y iprhminh phr uli pdrshli bi`gfgbini sg dxgstdl nunis. Dl lgljõl ahadlth, d` dstélnir gltdrlibghli` pudnd sdr adlhs dxgjdltd qud d` libghli`.
AI]BH @DJI@. @hs rdqugsgths `dji`ds qud glb`uydl trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis bhl pd`gjrh nd biánis piri thnis `is daprdsis rdsgndltds dl d` tdrrgthrgh Libghli`, shl5
LH]AI^GVGNIN @dy 7 nd 97:7 Ndb dbrd rdth th ?:=2 ?:=2 nd =?92 =?92
]dsh ]d sh`u `ubg bgòl òl => =>?? ?? nd 97:7 97:7
NDFGLGBGHL Bòngjh Rilgtirgh. Dl tátu`h GGG RI@TN HBT_IBGHLI@ 9.9?.6 D`dadlths nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli`, Irt. 9== i 9=>. _h _hrr d` bui` bui` sd rd rdj` j`ia iadl dlti ti `i ifg ifg`gib `gibgò gòl l i` Rg Rgsstd tdai ai Jd Jdld ldri ri`` nd ]gdsjhs @imhri`ds nd `is pdrshlis vglbu`inis i trivçs nd ul bhlt bhltrit rith h fh fhra rai` i` nd pr prds dsti tibg bgòl òl nd sd sdrv rvgb gbgh ghss bh bhl l dltg dltgni nind ndss h gls glstg tgtu tubbghld ghldss põm` põm`ggbis bis h pr prgv gvin inis is y nd `h `hss tri rimi miei einh nhrd rdss glndpdlngdltds qud `imhrdl dl ibtgvgninds nd i`th rgdsjh y sd ngbtil htris ngsphsgbghlds. Ngsp Ngsphs hsgb gbgh ghld ldss shmrd shmrd vgvg vgvgdl dlni ni,, cg cgjg jgdl dld d y sd sdju jurg rgni nin n gl glnu nust strg rgi` i` dl dstim`dbgagdlths nd trimieh. Dl tátu`h GV ]H_I ND ^]IMIEH W D@DADL^HR ND _]H^DBBGHL, Bipgtu`h GG Nd `hs dqugphs y d`dadlth nd prhtdbbgòl, Irt. 933 i 979. Dl tátu`h SGG ND @I BHLR^]TBBGHL, Bipgtu`h GG Nd `is dxbivibghlds, Irt. 69? i 692, 696, 69:,697 i 6=9, 6=4,6=:; Bipgtu`h GGG Nd `hs ilniaghs y dsbi`dris, Irt. 6=3 i 662; Bipgtu`h GV Nd `hs tõld`ds y trimiehs
]dsh ]d sh`u `ubg bgòl òl 9>?7 9>?7 nd =?9= =?9= ]dsh ]d sh`u `ubg bgòl òl 97?2 97?2 nd =?92 =?92
]dsh ]d sh`u `ubg bgòl òl 2263 2263 nd =?9> =?9>
sumtdrréldhs, Irt. 66: i 667. _h _hrr `i bui` bui` sd ds dsti tim` m`db dbd d d` ]d ]dj` j`ia iadl dlth th nd Rd Rdju jurg rgni nin n pi piri ri prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dl trimieh dl i`turis. _h _hrr `i bu bui` i` a ahn hngfgfgb gbi i nd `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9= d` luadri` 4¿ nd` irtábu`h 9?, d` bui` bhlsgstd dl `i fhraibgòl y bdrtgfgbibgòl dl d` lgvd` ivilzinh nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turi i iprdlngbds nd `is glstgtubghl glstgtub ghlds ds nd fhr fhraib aibgòl gòl piri d` tri trimie mieh y d` Rdli Rdli>¿buy buyi i prébtgbi gap`gqud rgdsjh nd biáni dl i`turis; d`h piréjrifh nd` irtábu`h 99, phr d` bui` sd ndfgld qud `is glstgtubghlds iuthrgzinis piri bipibgtibgòl dl trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis ndmdl bhltir bhl prhjriais nd fhraibgòl ngsdùinhs piri trimieinhrds ili`fimdtis; y sd ngbt ngbtil il ht htri riss ng ngsp sphs hsgb gbgh ghld ldss dl `i bu bui` i` sd ds dsti tim` m`db dbdl dl `h `hss rdqugs rdq ugsgth gthss piri `i brd brdibg ibgòl òl nd `is Tlg Tlgnin ninds ds Vhb Vhbibg ibghli hli`ds `ds nd Iprdlngzied dl Daprdsi - TVIDR. _h _hrr `i bu bui` i` a ahn hngfgfgb gbi i nd `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9= d` luadri` 94¿ nd` irtábu`h =, dstim`dbgdlnh qud d` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis sdré d` trimieinhr ndsgjlinh phr d` dap`dinhr bipiz nd gndltgfgbir pd`gjrhs y nd ip`gbir adngnis bhrrdbtgvis gladngitis ishbginis i `hs rgdsjhs, sgl qud gap`gqud `i brdibgòl nd ul ludvh birjh; d` luadri` 93¿ nd` irtábu`h =, dstim`dbd qud d` dltrdlinhr
dl tr trim imie ieh hy fhrair sdju sdjurh rhtrimieinhrds dl i` i`tu turi riss y ds `i pd pdrs rshl hli i dlbd bdrt rtgfgfgb gbin ini isdjurh piri piri bipibgtir bhhrnglinhrds trimieh dl i`turis; d` `gtdri` `gtdri` b nd` lua luadri dri`` =¿ nd` irtábu`h irtábu`h 9=, nd `hs rdqugsgths piri `i bdrtgfgbibgòl bhah dltrdlinhr nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turi; y sd ngbtil htris ngsphsgbghlds piri `is glstgtubghlds nd dnubibgòl supdrghr bhl prhjriais nd si`un hbupibghli` ivi`inis phr phr d` aglg aglgst stdr drgh gh nd dn dnub ubib ibgò gòl l li libg bghl hli` i` pudn pudndl dl ndsi ndsirr rrh` h``i `ir r prhjri prh jriais ais nd fhr fhraib aibgòl gòl y bdr bdrtgf tgfgbi gbibgò bgòl l nd dltrdl dltrdlinh inhrds rds y nd bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh i`turis y sd ndfgld d` pdrfg` nd` dltrdlinhr y bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis. GBHL^DB L^B ==2> Cgjgdld y sdjurgnin. Ilniaghs bh`jiltds. B`isgfgbibgòl, ngadlsghlds y ushs. GBHL GBHL^ ^DB L^B =?=9 =?=9 Cgjgd gjgdld ld y sdju sdjurg rgni nin. n. Bgl gltu turh rhld ldss nd sdj djur urgn gnin in.. GBHL^DB L^B 96>= Cgjgdld y sdjurgnin. Ilniaghs. ]dqugsgths jdldri`ds nd sdjurgnin. GBHL^DB L^B =?2: ]dqugsgths nd sdjurgnin piri sgstdais, sumsgstdais y bhaphldltds pdrshli`ds nd ndtdlbgòl nd biánis. GBHL GBHL^ ^DB L^B = =:: ::9 9 Cgjgd gjgdld ld y ssdj djur urgn gnin in.. A Ai` i```is pi piri ri sd sdju jurg rgni nin n ggln lnus ustr trgi gi`. `. HRCI 97=6.4?? Rumpirtd A_rhtdbbgòl Bhltri Biánis. HRCI 97=6.4 97=6.4?? ?? Rumpir Rumpirtd td _rhtdbbgòl Bhltri Biánis dl Ilniaghs. @ HRCI 97=6.4 97=6.4?? ?? Rumpir Rumpirtd td _rhtdbbgòl Bhltri Biánis dl Dsbi`dris. S ILRG U247.9 ]dqudrgagdlths sdjurgnin nd `hs sgstdais nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biáni. *(Nd sdr ldbdsirgh pudnd ingbghlir htrhs rdqugsgths `dji`ds vgjdltds rd`ibghlinhs i `i ibtgvgnin dbhlòagbi nd su daprdsi bhl bhltdlgnhs shmrd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis y `i lhraitgvgnin gltdrlibghli` rdfdrdltd i dqugphs nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turi rd`ibghlinhs
ngrdbtiadltd bhl `is tirdis rdi`gzinis dl su daprdsi.)
GLVDL^I]GH ND ^I]DIR ND ^]IMIEH DL I@^T]IR BHL _D@GJ]H ND BIÁNI. Nd ibudrnh i `i ibtgvgnin dbhlòagbi nd `i daprdsi y i `is ibtgvgninds qud ndsirrh``i, sd ndfgldl `hs prhbdngagdlths piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis, phr `h qud ds gaphrtiltd gndltg gnd ltgfgb fgbir ir `is tirdis dl i`t i`turis uris qud dst dsti i ded dedbut buti. i. @is tirdis nd tri trimie mieh h dl i`t i`turi uriss ndsirrh``inis dl _G@IAHGL RIR y `hs rdsphlsim`ds nd ``dvir`is sd pudndl dvgndlbgir dl d` fhraith, vdr Ildxh Fhraith I. Glvdltirgh nd ^irdis (I^R).
_H@Á^GBI ND INAGLGR^]IBGÒL ND ^]IMIEH DL I@^T]IR I bhltglui bhltgluibgòl bgòl sd ndfgld ul dedap`h nd ph`átgbi nd inaglgstribgòl inaglgstribgòl nd trimieh dl i`turis qud pudnd sdr ieustini i `is bhlngbghlds y ldbdsgninds nd `i daprdsi.
pirtd nd` nd sgstdai nd jdstgòlndndprdvdlbgòl sdjurgnin yy si`un dl d` _G@IAHGL RIR, dstim`dbd ybhah trimieh `i gap`dadltibgòl d` ndsirrh``h ul prhjriai prhtdbbgòl bhltri bhl tri biáni biániss nd i`t i`turis uris,, d` bui bui`` vi dlb dlbiag iaglin linh h i ailtdl ailtdldr dr y ade adehri hrirr d` mgd mgdlds ldstir tir glngvgnui` y bh`dbtgvh nd `hs trimieinhrds y/h dstungiltds qud rdi`gzil `imhrds i aés nd 9,4? 9,4 ? adt adtrhs rhs bhl rd` rd`ibg ibgòl òl i ul lgv lgvd` d` glf glfdrg drghr, hr, hfr hfrdbg dbgdln dlnh h `uj `ujird irdss nd trimie trimiehs hs sdj sdjurh urhss y indbuinhs, ibhrnd i `i `djgs`ibgòl vgjdltd. @hs piréadtrhs piri d` buap`gagdlth nd `i ph`átgbi phr pirtd nd `i daprdsi y thnh tgph nd dap`dinh y/h dstungiltd shl `hs sgjugdltds5
]dspdtir y buap`gr d` rdj`iadlth `dji` vgjdltd dl Bh`hamgi dl builth i trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis. ]dnubgr `i prhmimg`gnin nd qud sd aitdrgi`gbd d` rgdsjh nd biáni dl i`turi bhl `is adngnis nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl ldbdsirgis. _rhvdd _rh vddrr `hs rdb rdburs urshs hs cua cuailh ilhs, s, fglilb fglilbgdr gdrhs, hs, tdb tdblh` lh`òjg òjgbhs bhs y fás fásgbh gbhss qud sdi sdil l ldbdsirghs piri jiriltgzir bhlngbghlds nd sdjurgnin, prhtdbbgòl y prdvdlbgòl. Dstiln Dst ilnirg irgzir zir prh prhbdn bdngag gagdlt dlths hs pir piri i `is ibtgv ibtgvgni gninds nds qud pudnil phtdl phtdlbgi bgi`gz `gzir ir rgdsjhs. Bipibgtir i `hs trimieinhrds dl trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis y isdjurir qud `hs dap`dinhs bhlhzbil sus rdsphlsimg`gninds. Cibdr sdjugagdlth y vdrgfgbir qud `is ibtgvgninds nd` prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biáni dl i`turis sd ``dvdl i bimh.
_hr `h tilth thnhs `hs lgvd`ds nd ngrdbbgòl y `hs trimieinhrds nd _G@IAHGL RIR sdrél rdsphlsim`ds nd ailtdldr bhlngbghlds nd sdjurgnin y fhadltir prébtgbis nd trimieh sdjurh dl ibtgvgninds nd i`th rgdsjh bhah d` trimieh dl i`turis.
Fgrai nd` rdprdsdltiltd `dji`
HM@GJIBGHLDR W ]DR_HLRIMG@GNINDR. Hm`gjibghlds y rdsphlsimg`gninds nd `i Jdrdlbgi-edfds nd érdi5
]di`gzir `is dvi`u ]di`gzir dvi`uibghld ibghldss açngb açngbis is hbupibghli hbupibghli`ds `ds y d` aildeh y bhltdlgnh nd `is cgsthrgis b`álgbis hbupibghli`ds bhlfhrad i `h dstim`dbgnh dl `is ]dsh`ubghlds =2>6 nd =??: y 9793 nd =??7 dxpdngnis phr d` Aglgstdrgh nd `i _rhtdbbgòl Rhbgi` h `is lhrais qud `is ahngfgqudl, sustgtuyil h ingbghldl.
Glb`ugr dl d` Rgstdai nd Jdstgòl nd `i Rdjurgnin y Ri`un dl d` ^rimieh (RJ-RR^), d` prhj prhjri riai ai nd prht prhtdb dbbg bgòl òl bhlt bhltri ri bián biánis is nd bh bhlf lfhr hrag agni nin n bh bhl l `i pr prds dsdl dltd td rdsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=.
Jiriltgzir `is adngnis ldbdsirgis piri `i gndltgfgbibgòl, dvi`uibgòl y bhltrh` nd `hs rgdsjhs ishbginhs i` trimieh dl i`turis.
Bumrgr `is bhlngbghlds nd rgdsjh nd biáni dl trimieh dl i`turis, adngiltd adngnis nd bhltrh` bhltri biánis nd pdrshlis y hmedths, `is bui`ds ndmdl sdr ngrgjgnis i su prdvdlbgòl dl fhrai bh`dbtgvi, iltds nd gap`dadltir adngnis glngvgnui`ds nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
Inhptir adngnis bhapdlsithrgis y dfgbibds nd sdjurgnin, builnh `i dedbubgòl nd ul trimieh pirtgbu`ir dxgei d` rdtgrh tdaphri` nd bui`qugdr ngsphsgtgvh nd prdvdlbgòl bh`dbtgvi bhltri biánis.
Tli vdz bhlb`ugnh d` trimieh pirtgbu`ir, sd vh`vdrél i bh`hbir dl su `ujir `hs ngsphsgtgvhs nd prdvdlbgòl bh`dbtgvi bhltri biánis.
Jiriltgzir qud `hs sgstdais y dqugphs nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis tdljil bhah aálgah uli rdsgstdlbgi nd 4??? `gmris (==.= ‒=.=:= Kj) phr pdrshli bhldbtini.
Ngsphldr nd ul bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis, nd trimieinhrds iuthrgzinhs dl d` lg lgvd vd`` rd rdqu qudr drgn gnh h y nd sdr sdr ldbd ldbdsi sirg rgh, h, ul iy iyun unil iltd td nd sdju sdjurg rgni nin n sd sdjõ jõl l bhrrdsphlni i `i tirdi i rdi`gzirsd; `h bui` lh sgjlgfgbi `i brdibgòl nd ludvhs birjhs sglh `i ndsgjlibgòl nd trimieinhrds i dstis fulbghlds.
Jiriltgzir qud d` suaglgstrh nd dqugphs, `i bipibgtibgòl y d` rddltrdliagdlth, glb`ugnh d` tgdaph piri rdbgmgr dsths nhs õ`tgahs, lh jdldrdl bhsth i`julh piri d` trimieinhr.
Jiriltgzir ul prhjriai nd bipibgtibgòl i thnh trimieinhr qud sd viyi i dxphldr i` rgdsjh nd trimieh dl i`turis, iltds nd glgbgir `imhrds.
Jiriltgzir qud thnh trimieinhr iuthrgzinh piri trimieh dl i`turis rdbgmi i` adlhs ul rddltrdliagdlth ilui`, piri rdfhrzir `hs bhlhbgagdlths dl prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis.
Jirilt Jiri ltgz gzir ir `i hp hpdr drit itgv gvgn gnin in nd ul prhj prhjri riai ai nd gl glsp spdb dbbg bgòl òl,, bh bhlf lfhr hrad ad i `i `iss ngsphsgbghlds nd `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 n nd d =?9=.
Isdjurir qud builnh sd ndsirrh``dl trimiehs bhl rgdsjh nd biánis nd i`turis, dxgsti ibhapiùiagdlth pdraildltd nd uli pdrshli qud dstç dl bipibgnin nd ibtgvir d` p`il nd dadrjdlbgis dl d` bish qud sdi ldbdsirgh.
Rh`gbgtir Rh`gbg tir `is pru prudmi dmiss qud jir jirilt iltgbd gbdl l d` mud mudl l ful fulbgh bghlia liagdl gdlth th nd` sgs sgstda tdai i nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis y/h `hs bdrtgfgbinhs qud `h ivi`dl.
Isdjurir `i bhapitgmg`gnin nd `hs bhaphldltds nd` sgstdai nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
Glb`ugr ndltrh nd su _`il nd Dadrjdlbgis ul prhbdngagdlth piri `i itdlbgòl y rdsbitd dl i`turis bhl rdburshs y pdrshli` dltrdlinh.
Jiriltgzir qud `hs adlhrds ndtrimieh dnin dl y `is auedrds damirizinis dl bui`qugdr tgdaph nd jdstibgòl lh rdi`gbdl i`turis. Ds hm` hm`gji gjibgò bgòl l nd` dap dap`di `dinhr nhr isu isuagr agr `hs jis jisths ths y bhsths bhsths nd `i bip bipibg ibgtib tibgòl gòl bdrtgfgbini nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis h `i bdrtgfgbibgòl dl ngbci bhapdtdlbgi `imhri` dl `is qud sd ndmi glburrgr.
Hm`gjibghlds y rdsphlsimg`gninds nd` Bhhrnglinhr nd` sgstdai nd jdstgòl nd sdjurgnin y si`un dl d` trimieh5
Glb`ugr dl d` sgstdai nd jdstgòl nd sdjurgnin y si`un dl d` trimieh RJ-RR^, `hs prhbdngagdlths, d`dadlths y ngsphsgbghlds dstim`dbgnis dl `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=.
Ga Gap` p`da dadl dlti tirr d` _r _rhj hjri riai ai nd _r _rht htdb dbbg bgòl òl y _r _rdv dvdl dlbg bgòl òl bhlt bhltri ri Bi Bián ánis is nd bhlfhragnin bhl `i rdsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=.
]di`gzir bhltrh` y ibtui`gzibgòl nd` prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
Ngsphldr nd trimieinhrds bipibgtinhs, bhapdtdltds y bi`gfgbinhs piri ndsirrh``ir `is ibtgvgninds bhl trimiehs dl i`turis.
Ngsdùir ul prhjriai nd dvi`uibgòl nd `is bhlngbghlds nd iptgtun psgbhfásgbi nd `hs trimieinhrds, ldbdsirgis piri rdi`gzir trimiehs dl i`turis.
Isdjurir qud builnh sd ndsirrh``dl trimiehs bhl rgdsjh nd biánis nd i`turis, dxgsti ibhapiùiagdlth pdraildltd nd uli pdrshli qud dstç dl bipibgnin nd ibtgvir d` p`il nd dadrjdlbgis dl d` bish qud sdi ldbdsirgh. Jiriltgzir `i glspdbbgòl nd `hs sgstdais nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis phr `h adlhs uli vdz i` iùh, phr gltdradngh nd uli pdrshli h dqugph nd pdrshlis ivi`inis phr d` fimrgbiltd y/h bi`gfgbinis sdjõl bhrrdsphlni. Isdjurir `i bhapitgmg`gnin nd `hs bhaphldltds nd` sgstdai nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis; piri d``h ndmd dvi`uir h prhmir bhap`dtiadltd sg d` biamgh h ahngfgbibgòl nd ul sgstdai buap`d bhl d` dstélnir i trivçs nd` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis h sg ciy nuni, ndmd sdr iprhminh phr uli pdrshli bi`gfgbini.
Isdjurirsd qud `hs bhltritgstis buap`il bhl `hs rdqugsgths aálgahs dxgjgnhs dl d` prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
D`imhrir d` prhbdngagdlth piri _`il nd Dadrjdlbgis piri `i itdlbgòl y rdsbitd dl i`turis y bhltir bhltir bhl pdrshli` dltrdlinh piri d` agsah.
Hm`gjibghlds y rdsphlsimg`gninds nd `hs trimieinhrds (glb`uyd dstungiltds) dedbutiltds nd `is tirdis dl i`turis5
Isgstgr i `is bipibgtibghlds prhjriainis phr d` dap`dinhr y iprhmir sitgsfibthrgiadltd `is dvi`uibghlds, isá bhah isgstgr i `hs rddltrdliagdlths.
Buap`gr thnhs `hs prhbdngagdlths nd si`un y sdjurgnin dl d` trimieh dstim`dbgnhs phr d` dap`dinhr.
Glfhrair i` dap`dinhr shmrd bui`qugdr bhlngbgòl nd si`un qud `d pudni jdldrir rdstrgbbghlds, iltds nd rdi`gzir bui`qugdr tgph nd trimieh dl i`turis;
Tt Ttg`g`gz gzir ir `is `is ad adng ngni niss nd prdv prdvdl dlbg bgòl òl y pr prht htdb dbbg bgòl òl bh bhlt ltri ri bi bián ánis is qud qud sd sdil il gap`dadltinis phr d` dap`dinhr.
]dphrtir i` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis d` ndtdrghrh h niùh nd `hs sgstdais glngvgnui`ds h bh`dbtgvhs nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
_irtgbgpir dl `i d`imhribgòl y d` ng`gjdlbgiagdlth nd` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis, isá bhah ibitir `is ngsphsgbghlds nd` agsah.
Ailtdldr mudli prébtgbi nd hrndl y isdh dl y i`rdndnhr nd` érdi nd trimieh.
Hm`gjibghlds y ]dsphlsimg`gninds nd` Bhltritgsti (glb`uyd i i`julhs dstungiltds) qud dedbutd tirdis nd i`turis5
_rdsdltir `hs nhbuadlths qud sustdltil `i ifg`gibgòl i `i sdjurgnin shbgi`.
_rdsdltir d` bdrtgfgbinh piri ndsirrh``ir trimiehs dl i`turis d` bui` sd hmtgdld
adngiltd bipibgtibgòl h phr bdrtgfgbibgòl nd` hrjilgsah bhapdtdltd. Tt Ttg`g`gz gzir ir `is `is ad adng ngni niss nd prdv prdvdl dlbg bgòl òl y pr prht htdb dbbg bgòl òl bh bhlt ltri ri bi bián ánis is qud qud sd sdil il gap`dadltinis phr d` dap`dinhr.
Buap`gr thnhs `hs prhbdngagdlths nd si`un y sdjurgnin dl d` trimieh dstim`dbgnhs phr d` dap`dinhr.
_irtgbgpir dl `i d`imhribgòl y d` ng`gjdlbgiagdlth nd` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis, isá bhah ibitir `is ngsphsgbghlds nd` agsah.
Ailtdldr mudli prébtgbi nd hrndl y isdh dl y i`rdndnhr nd` érdi nd trimieh.
Hm`gjibghlds y ]dsphlsimg`gninds nd `i pdrshli Bi`gfgbini5 Ngsdùi dùirr y vdr vdrgfg gfgbir bir `áldis `áldis nd vgn vgni i chr chrgzh gzhlti lti`ds `ds fgeis, fgeis, vdr vdrtgb tgbi`d i`ds, s, chrgzh chrgzhlti lti`ds `ds Ngs phrtétg`ds, bhaphldltds nd sgstdais nd rdn nd sdjurgnin y sgstdais nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biáni.
Ngsdùir, ili`gzir, dvi`uir, iuthrgzir, bdrtgfgbir glsti`ibghlds nd pulths nd ilb`ieds y d`imhrir dspdbgfgbibghlds nd trimieh, prhydbths h prhnubths.
F@TEHJ]IAI _I]I I_@GBI] D@ _]HJ]IAI ND _]DVDLBGHL W _]H^DBBGHL BHL^]I BIGNIR DL I@^T]IR. *(D` f`u *(D` f`uehj ehjria riai i iquá iquá prhpu prhpudst dsth h prdtdl prdtdlnd nd ahstr ahstrir ir `is ibbgh ibbghld lds s ld ldbds bdsirg irgis is pi piri ri d` buap`gagdlth nd` prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dl i`turis misinis dl `i jdstg jdstgòl òl nd` nd` rgd rgdsjh sjh y pudn pudnd d sd sdrr ieust ieustin inh h i `i `is s ld ldbd bdsgn sgnin inds ds nd `i daprd daprdsi si y ngijlòstgbh nd `is bhlngbghlds nd `i agsai frdltd i` trimieh dl i`turis).
I bhl bhltgl tgluib uibgòl gòl sd au audst dstri ri `i Ju Juái ái pir pirii ip` ip`gbi gbirr d` prhjri prhjriai ai nd prd prdvdl vdlbgò bgòl l y Vdrr Il Ildx dxh h M. F`ue F`uehj hjri riai ai Ju Juái ái pi piri ri ip ip`g `gbir bir d` prhtdbbgòl prhtd bbgòl bhltr bhltrii biáni biániss5 Vd
prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
JTGI _I]I I_@GBI] D@ _]HJ]IAI ND _]DVDLBGHL W _]H^DBBGHL BHL^]I BIÁNIR ND I@^T]I F@TEHJ]IAI ND
FIRDR
BHADL^I]GHR BHADL^I]G HR N D @I IB^GVGNIN IB^GVGNINDR
NGIJLHR^GBH
Glvdltirgh Glvdlt irgh nd tirdis nd i` tur turii
Ndflgr5 ¿@is ¿@is tirdis qud s d dedbutil. ¿@is ¿@is é rdis dl nhlnd sd d edbutil. edbutil. ¿Rg `is tirdis shl rulirgis h lh rulirgis.
Glvdltirgh nd Glvdltirgh dqugphs y sgstdais nd prhtdbb prhtdbbgòl gòl pi ri `i rdi`gzibgòl rdi`gzib gòl nd `is tirdis
Glvdltirgh nd D__
Glvdltirgh Glvdlt irgh nd prhbdngagdlths
Aitrgz nd bhapdtdlbgis
] I D L I @ _
Gndlfbir5 ¿Bilnin ¿Bilnin y ph nd dqugph qud s d usi. ¿Bhlngbghlds ¿Bhlngbghlds nd `hs dqugphs. ¿Biribtdrásbis tçblgbis. ¿Rg buap`d rdqugsgths `dji`ds. Gndlfbir5 ¿Bilnin y dstinh nd `hs D__. ¿Biribtdrásbis tçblgbis. ¿Rg buap`d rdqugsgths `dji`ds.
G d l bi r s bu d lt lti bh bh l pr prh bd a d lt lth piri5 ¿ ^rimieh ^rimieh sd jurh jurh dl i`turis. ¿_ ¿_`il `il nd dadrjdlb dadrjdlbgis gis (p`il nd rdsbitd). Gndlfbir5 ¿_drf`ds, rh`ds y rdsphlsimg`gninds rdqudrgnhs. ¿Bhapdtdlb ¿Bhapdtdlbgi gi `imhri` rdqudrgni rdqudrgni piri tr trimieh imieh sdjurh dl i `turis.
]gdsjh g lcdrdlt lcdrdltdd
i i r5 ¿Y ¿Yud ud `is pd rshlis qud dedbut dedbutil il `is tirdis dl i `turis budltdl bhl d` rdspdbvh bdrf bdrf binh nd bhapdtdlb bhapdtdlbgi gi `imhri` nd tr trimieh imieh s djurh dl i` tur turi. i. ¿Yud `is pdrshlis rdsphlsim`ds nd ibvgninds inaglg strivis y nd bhhrnglibgòl budltdl bhl d` rdspdbvh bdrf bdrf binh nd bhapdtdlb bhapdtdlbgi gi `imhri` nd tr trimieh imieh sdjurh dl i `turis. qud sd pudni aitdrgi`g zir d` rgdsjh nd biáni.
]gdsjh dxprdsinh
Gndlf bir ibb ibbgndltds gndltds y dvdlt dvdlths hs jdldrinhs phr trimieh dl i`turis.
Bdr Bdrf f binh piri tr trimieh imieh dl i `turis
Dvi`uibghlds açngbis y dxéadlds pirib`álgbhs
Vdrgfbir qud sd rdi`gbdl `is dvi`uibghlds açngbis hbupibghli`ds y d` aildeh y bhltdlgnh bhlt dlgnh nd `is cgsthrgis b`álgbis hbupibghli`d hbup ibghli`d s bhlhr bhlhrad ad i ` h dstim`d bgnh dl `i s ]d sh` ubghlds =2>6 =2>6 nd =?? =??: : y 979 9793 3 nd =??7. Gndlfbibgòl nd` dstinh psgbhsgbh nd `is pdrshlis.
ILI@GRGR
_]DRDL^IBGÒL W _]H_TDR^I ND BHL^]H@
Ili`gsgs nd gltdrvdlbgòl nd` rgdsjh (^ritiagdlths) Glhrad Glhr ad nd` dstinh ibtui` nd `i daprdsi
Dvi`ui Dvi`ui r `i edrirquá edrirquáii nd` bhlt bhltrh` rh` nd `hs rgdsjhs, prghrgzilnh prghrgzilnh su d` gaglibgòl.
D`imhribgòl nd glhrad glhrad nd` d stinh ibtui` nd `i d apr aprdsi dsi r rdltd dltd i` trimieh dl i`turis.
NHBTADL^I NHBTADL ^IBGÒL BGÒL ND@ _@IL ND BHL^]H@
] D B I C
IBHA_IÙIAGDL^H DL @I GA_@DADL^IBGÒL
RDJTGAGDL^H I @I GA_@DADL^IBGHL ] I B G F G ] D V
_rhjriai piri tr trimieh imieh s djurh dl i`turi
D`imhribgòl nd` p rhjriai rhjriai pi ri tr trimieh imieh sdjurh dl i`turi, qud glb`uyi `hs prhbdngagdlths, `hs p`ilds nd ibbgòl, `hs rdsphlsi m`ds y br brhlhjriai hlhjriai nd ibvgnin ibvgnin ds.
Ngvu`jibgòl nd` _rhjriai
_r _rdsdltir dsdltir d` prhjriai prhjriai p iri trimiehs s djurh dl i`turi i`turi i thnis `is pirtds gltdrdsinis gltdrdsinis .
Ibhapiùiagdlth dl `i gap`dadltibgòl nd adngnis nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis
Ibhapiùiagdlth i` pdrshli` dl `i gap`dadltibgòl gap`dadlt ibgòl nd `is adngnis nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri ngsaglugr `i dxphsgbgòl i i` tur turis is y d` pd`gjrh nd `i agsai.
Fhraibgòl i thnh Fhraibgòl d` pdrshli` glvh`ubrinh
_rh jjrri ai ai r l u bbbb l , bi p ib ib t i b l y hraibgòl hra ibgòl i ` hs dap`d inhs, bhltris bhltris tis y/h dstungi ltds glvh`ubrinhs glvh`ubrinhs dl trimieh dl i`turis.
Iungthrgi y sdjugagdlth i `h dspu`inh dl d` prhjriai prhjr iai piri tr trimieh imieh d l i` sus turis, turis, glb`ugnhs prhbdngagdlths
] I ^ R T E I
BHL^]H@ ND BIAMGHR
Ieustir d` prhjriai nd prhjriai tr trimieh imieh dl i `turis
Vdrgfbir5 ¿I ¿Inaglgs naglgs tribghl tribghl nd pdragshs nd trimieh y `gstis nd bcdqudh. ¿Hmsdrvibghl ¿Hmsdrvibghl y ip`gbibgòl nd pribbis sdjuris pi ri trimieh trimieh dl i `turi. ¿_rhbdshs nd hraibgòl, bdrfbibgòl y rddltrdliagd rddltr dliagd lth nd` pdrshli`. ¿@i ¿@i gap` dadltibgòl dl adehris nd bhlngbghlds nd trimieh. ¿@hs ¿@hs s gstdais nd prhtdbbgòl prhtdbbgòl piri ndsp` iziagdlth chrgzhlti` y vdrbi`, vdrbi`, nd phsg bghliagdlth y nd ibbdsh ibbdsh i trimieh trimieh dl i`turis sd glsti`irhl y sd indbuirhl. ¿Ludvi `djgs`ibgòl. ¿_rhb ¿_ rhbdngagd dngagd lths sd jurhs nd trimieh dl i`turi. ¿_ribbis ¿_ ribbis s djuris. ¿Glvdltirgh ¿Glvdltirgh nd tirdis . ¿Glvdltirgh ¿Glvdltirgh nd dqugphs y sgs tdais nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biáni. ¿Glvdltirgh ¿Glvdltirgh nd ludvhs dxpuds ths.
ADNGNIR ND _]DVDLBGHL W _]H^DBBGHL BHL^]I BIGNIR ND I@^T]IR. Bhaprhadtgnhs bhl d` mgdldstir nd `hs dap`dinhs y `i prdvdlbgòl nd `i hburrdlbgi nd ibbgndltds ibbgn dltds nd trimieh phr `is tirdis rdi`gz rdi`gzinis inis dl i`tur i`turis, is, _G@IAHGL RIR inhpti `is adngnis nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dstim`dbgnis dl `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=.
Adngnis nd _rdvdlbgòl. _G@IAHGL RIR inhpti bhah adngnis nd pprdvdlbgòl rdvdlbgòl iqud``is qud shl gap`dadltinis piri dvgtir `i biáni nd trimieinhrds builnh rdi`gbdl trimieh dl i`turis ndfglgnis dl d` rdj`iadlth vgjdltd bhltri biánis nd i`turis.
Rhl Adngnis nd prdvdlbghl, ndflgnis phr `i ]dsh`ubghl 9>?7 nd =?9=5 Bipibgtibgòl h bdrfbibgòl nd `i bhapdtdlbgi `imhri` nd trimieinhrds qud rdi`gbdl trimieh dl i`turis.
Rgstdais nd Gljdlgdrái _rdvdlbgòlpiri nd Biánis.
Adngnis bh`dbvis nd prdvdlbgòl.
_dragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis.
Rgstdais nd ibbdsh piri trimieh dl i`turis y trimiehs dl suspdlsghl .
Bipibgtibgòl h bdrtgfgbibgòl nd `i bhapdtdlbgi `imhri` nd trimieinhrds qud rdi`gbdl trimieh dl i`turis.
_iri nir buap` buap`gagdl gagdlth th i `h dstim` dstim`dbgnh dbgnh dl bipibgt bipibgtibgòl ibgòl phr d` rdj`iadl rdj`iadlth th vgjdltd nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turi, sd5
Dstim`dbd aitrgz nd bhapdtdlbgi piri `i fhraibgòl nd `hs ngfdrdltds birjhs nd `i daprdsi daprd si qud dedbu dedbutdl tdl prhbd prhbdngagd ngagdlths lths inaglgstr inaglgstritgvh itgvhss u hpdrit hpdritgvhs gvhs nd trimie trimieh h dl i`turis. _`iltdi prhbdngagdlth piri `i vdrgfgbibgòl y bhltrh` nd `hs prhbdshs nd glnubbgòl, bipibgtibgòl, dltrdliagdlth y rddltrdliagdlth nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turi.
Aitrgz nd fhraibgòl piri `hs ngfdrdltds birjhs nd `i daprdsi qud dedbutdl prhbdngagdlths inaglgstritgvhs inaglgstritgvhs u hpdritgvhs hpdritgvhs nd trimieh dl i`turis shl5
BI]JH
Rupdrvgshr h Edfd nd érdi
^I]DI I DEDBT^I]
_]HJ]IAI GL^DLRGNI ND N CH]I]GI FH]AIBGHL
^hai nd ndbgsghlds Inaglgstritgvh inaglgstritgvis piri edfds nd piri d` rgdsjh érdi trimieh sdjurh dl nd biáni phr i`turis trimieh dl i`turi
Ngdz (9?) chris
BHL^DLGNH ND@ _]HJ]IAI ND BI_IBG^IBGHL ¿ ]dqugsgths `dji`ds dl prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis. ¿ ]dsphlsimg`gnin bgvg`, pdli` y inaglgstritgvi. ¿ Airbh bhlbdptui` shmrd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis, pdragshs nd trimieh y prhbdngagdlth nd ibtgvibgòl nd` p`il nd dadrjdlbgis. ¿ Inaglgstribgòl y bhltrh` nd` prhjriai nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis.
¿ Lituri`dzi nd `hs pd`gjrhs nd biáni nd pdrshlis y hmedths dl d` érdi nd trimieh y fhadlth nd` iuth bugninh nd `is pdrshlis. ¿ ]dqugsgths `dji`ds dl prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl
Gljdlgdrh, Bhhrnglir ^dblò`hjh h trimieh sdjurh ^çblgbh dl RR^ dl i`turis
i`turis, nd ibudrnh i `i ibtgvgnin dbhlòagbi. ¿ ]dsphlsimg`gnin `imhri`, bgvg`, pdli` y inaglgstritgvi. ¿ Bhlbdpths tçblgbhs nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis. ¿ Adngnis nd prdvdlbgòl y Bhhrnglinhr Hbcdlti (3?) prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dl trimieh chris (6? nd trimieh ndsirrh``inhs dl i`turis. tdòrgbis y =? sdjurh dl ¿ _rhjriai nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri pribtgbis) i`turis biánis. _rhbdngagdlths nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis.
^rimieinhr Hpdritgvh qud ndmi utg`gzir ul
^rimieh hpdritgvh dl i`turis(Ndfgli
Mésgbh hpdritgvh trimieh
Hbch (3) chris (2 tdòrgbis y 4
sgstdai nd ibbdsh sdjurh bhah dsbi`dris y p`itifhrais bhl mirilnis; h dsbi`dris phrtétg`ds, p`itifhrais phrtétg`ds, bilistg``is y sgag`irds
tirdis)
sdjurh dl i`turis
pribtgbis).
¿¿ @gstis nd bcdqudh. _rhbdngagdlths piri ailgpu`ir y i`aibdlir dqugphs y aitdrgi`ds utg`gzinhs piri prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. ¿ Dqugphs nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` bhltri biánis (sd`dbbgòl, bhapitgmg`gnin, glspdbbgòl y rdphsgbgòl) y sgstdais nd ilb`ied. ¿ Rgstdais nd ibbdsh piri trimieh sdjurh ¿ Lituri`dzi nd `hs pd`gjrhs nd biáni nd pdrshlis y hmedths dl d` érdi nd trimieh y fhadlth nd` iuthbugninh nd `is pdrshlis. ¿ ]dqugsgths `dji`ds dl prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis, nd ibudrnh i `i ibtgvgnin dbhlòagbi. ¿ ]dsphlsimg`gnin `imhri`, bgvg`, pdli` y inaglgstritgvi. ¿ Bhlbdpths tçblgbhs nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis. ¿ Adngnis nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dl trimieh ndsirrh``inh dl i`turis. ¿ _rhbdngagdlths piri sd`dbbghlir, ailgpu`ir y i`aibdlir dqugphs y
aitdrgi`ds utg`gzinhs piri prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. ¿ Bhlbdpths mésgbhs nd iuthrrdsbitd, rdsbitd y fulniadlths nd prgadrhs iuxg`ghs. ¿ _dragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis.
^rimieinhr Hpdritgvh qud rdi`gbd ndsp`iziagdlth s chrgzhlti`ds y/h vdrtgbi`ds ^rimieh phr `is hpdritgvh dl dstrubturis, i`turis(Ndfgli glb`ugnis `is tirdis)
Ivilzinh trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis
tçblgbis ndy suspdlsgòl sgstdais nd ilb`ied phrtétg`ds
¿ndLituri`dzi `hs pd`gjrhs nd biáni pdrshlis yndhmedths dl d` érdi nd trimieh y fhadlth nd` iuthbugninh nd `is pdrshlis. ¿ ]dqugsgths `dji`ds dl prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis, nd ibudrnh i `i ibtgvgnin dbhlòagbi. ¿ ]dsphlsimg`gnin `imhri`, bgvg`, pdli` y inaglgstritgvi. Buirdlti ¿ Bhlbdpths tçblgbhs nd prhtdbbgòl (>?) chris bhltri biánis piri trimieh sdjurh dl (>? tdòrgbis y i`turis. 96 pribtgbis). ¿ Adngnis nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis dl trimieh ndsirrh``inh dl i`turis. ¿ _rhbdngagdlths piri sd`dbbghlir, ailgpu`ir y i`aibdlir dqugphs y aitdrgi`ds utg`gzinhs piri prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. ¿ Bhlbdpths mésgbhs nd iuthrrdsbitd, rdsbitd y fulniadlths nd prgadrhs iuxg`ghs. ¿ _dragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis.
_rhbdngagdlth piri `i vdrgfgbibgòl y bhltrh` piri `hs prhbdshs nd glnubbgòl, bipibgtibgòl, dltrdliagdlth y rddltrdliagdlth nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis.
_iri `hs prh _iri prhbds bdshs hs nd gln glnubb ubbgòl gòl,, bip bipibg ibgtib tibgòl gòl,, dlt dltrdl rdliag iagdlt dlth h y rddltr rddltrdli dliagd agdlth lth,, d` rdsphlsim`d nd` sgstdai nd jdstgòl nd sdjurgnin y si`un dl d` trimieh y nd ibudrnh i `i rdsphlsimg`gnin nd `i daprds daprdsi, i, ndmd ttdldr dldr dl budlti5
@`dv @`dvir ir bhlt bhltrh rh`` nd `hs `hs bhlt bhltri ritgtgst stis is y dstu dstung ngil iltd tdss ad adng ngil iltd td `i bi bipi pibg bgti tibg bgòl òl d glnub lnubbbgòl gòl y rdjgs djgsttrh nd `is `is ag agssai ais. s. Vd Vdrr Ildx Ildxh h Fhra Fhrait ith h B. Bhlt Bhltrh rh` ` bhltritgstis y dstungiltds.
^dldr ul `gstinh nd `hs trimieinhrds bipibgtinhs dl trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis, vdrgfgbiln vdrgf gbilnh h `i õ`tgai fdbci nd bipib bipibgtibg gtibgòl òl y/h dvi`ui dvi`uilnh lnh `is sgtuibghld sgtuibghldss qud iadrgtil rddltrdliagdlth, cibgdlnh sdjugagdlth y dvi`uibgòl i `hs agsahs. Vdr Ildxh Fhraith N. Rdjugagdlth Rdjugagdlth trimieinhrds bdrtgfgbinhs. bdrtgfgbinhs.
]DDL^]DLIAGDL^H DL^]DLIAGDL^H
GLNTBBGHL W BI_IBG^IBGHL
Edds nd Irdi Bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis ^rimieinhrds Hpdrivhs
Edds nd Irdi Bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis ^rimieinhrds Hpdrivhs
Edds nd Irdi Bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis ^rimieinhrds Hpdrivhs Bhltristis Dstungiltds
*(Dl d` dsqudai sd audstril `is rdsphlsimg`gninds nd `i daprdsi frdltd i` tdai nd fhraibgòl nd `hs trimieinhrds, bhltritgstis y/h dstungiltds). Rgstdais nd Gljdlgdrái piri _rdvdlbgòl nd Biánis.
Lhamrd Lham rd nd `i da dapr prds dsi i ni niln lnh h buap buap`g`gag agdl dlth th i` rd rdj` j`ia iadl dlth th nd i` i`tu turi riss vgjd vgjdlt ltds ds,, y bhaprhadtg bhapr hadtgnhs nhs dl `i prdvdlbgò prdvdlbgòl l nd biánis, rdi`gzir rdi`gziri i d` ngsdùh, ahltied d glsti`ibgò glsti`ibgòl l nd `hs sgs sgstda tdais is nd glj gljdlg dlgdrá drái i qud sdi sdil l ldb ldbdsi dsirgh rghs, s, gnd gndltg ltgfgb fgbiln ilnh h d` açthnh açthnh nd bhltrh bhltrh`` indb indbui uinh nh pi piri ri d`ga d`gagl glir ir h agtg agtgji jirr d` rgds rgdsjh jh nd bi bián áni i nd ib ibud udrn rnh h i `h `hss sgju sgjugd gdlt ltds ds piréadtrhs5
Vdltieis y ndsvdltieis nd` sgstdai nd gljdlgdrái i gap`dadltir. Vgimg`gnin tçblgbi nd` sgstdai nd gljdlgdrái. ]d`ibgòl bhsth mdldfgbgh. Nurimg`gnin y ailtdlgagdlth nd` sgstdai nd gljdlgdrái. Bhapitgmg`gnin bhl htrhs sgstdais nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
Adngnis bh`dbtgvis nd prdvdlbgòl.
Iltds nd ndsirrh``ir uli tirdi dl i`turis, ds gaphrtiltd gndltgfgbir d` `ujir nd trimieh y `is bhlngbghlds nd` agsah, agsah, buap`gdlnh bhl `is adngnis nd prdvdlb prdvdlbgòl gòl ldbdsirgis bhah `i sdùi`gzibgòl y nd`gagtibgòl nd` érdi.
Nd`gagtibgòl y sdùi`gzibgòl nd` érdi.
ADNGNI
]DYTGRG^HR
Nd`gagtibgòl nd` érdi
¿ Rg shl pdraildltds shl nd bh`hr iair ia irg`g``h `h y ldj djrh rh bham bhamgl glin inhs hs.. ¿ Rg shl tdaphri`ds shl nd bh`hr liri li rile lei i y m`il m`ilbh bh bh bha amgli mglinh nhs. s. ¿ Jiril Jiriltgtgzi zirr vg vgsgm sgmg`g`gn gnin in nd nái nái y lhbcd. ¿ Rgdaprd qud sd utg`gbd ul sgstdai nd nd`g nd`gag agti tibg bgòl òl,, sd nd ndmd md utg` utg`gz gzir ir sdùi`gzibgòl.
@áldi nd Invdrtdlbgi
¿ @i `áldi nd invdrtdlbgi ndmd nd dstir shstdlgni adngiltd shphrtds qud `i ailtdljil i uli i`turi nd ?,34 adtrhs y 9 adtrh nd i`turi shmr sh mrd d `i su sup pdr drffgbgd gbgd nd tri rimi mieeh. ¿ Ndmd sdr bh`hbini i `h `irjh nd thnh thnhss `hs `hs `inh `inhss nd ndsp sprh rhtd tdjg jgnh nhs. s. ¿ Ndmd dst dstir bh`hbini i 9,3? adtr ad trhs hs nd ngsti gstilb lbgi gi nd` nd` mh mhrn rnd d ndsprhtdjgnh h aés. ¿ Ndmd rdsgstgr fudrzis chrgzhlti`ds nd aálgah 3 Kg`hjriahs. ¿ Ndmd bhltir bhl milndrglds nd bh``hrd bh rdss vgsgm`ds sdpiri rin nhs i gltdrvi`hs gltdrv i`hs glfdrghrds i 9,3? adtrhs. ¿ Rd ndmd jiriltgzir `i supdrvgsgòl pdraildltd nd` érdi bhl ul iyuniltd nd sdjurgnin.
Rdùi`gzibgòl nd` érdi
FH^H
@i sdùi sdùi`g `gzi zib bgòl gòl ndmd nd md gqud lb lb`u `uggrrhndd ul sgstdai sgstd ai nd ndairb ndairbibgòl ibgòl bhap`dtiadltd d` pdráadtrh, dxbdpth dl `is dltrinis y si`gnis sdjõl sdi ldbdsirgh piri d` gljrdsh y si`gni nd pdrshlis h aitdrgi`ds.
Mirilnis5
@is mirilnis shl uli adngni nd prdvdlbgòl bbhlstgtugni hlstgtugni phr dstrubturis qud sd utg`gzil bhah adngni glfhraitgvi y/h nd rdstrgbbgòl.
Bhlstil nd trds pirtds sdpirinis (pisiailhs rájgnh y rdsgstdltd, `gstòl gltdradngh y rhnipgç h zòbi`h rájgnh).
_udndl sdr sgstdais gltdjri`ds, bhlsgstdltds dl ai``is nd prhtdbbgòl, p`ilbcis aibgzis h sgstdais nd prhtdbbgòl `itdri` dl trds pirtds bhl rdnds nd sdjurgnin, mirilng``is h d`dadlths sgag`irds h dqugvi`dltds .
Vdr Ildxh Nhbuadlth 9. Juái tçblgbi nd sgstdais nd prdvdlbgòl ‒ mirilnis.
BHA_HLDL^ DR
Mirilng``i
Mirri chrgzhlti` h `gstòl gltdradngh _`glth h rhnipgç
Ahltiltd
NDFGLGBGHL Ds `i mirri supdrghr, sgl ispdrdzis, ndstglini i phndr prhphrbghlir suedbgòl utg`gzilnh `i ailh. Dstiré sgtuini i 7? ba nd` sud`h bhah aálgah y su rdsgstdlbgi sdré `i sufgbgdltd. Ds d` d`dadlth sgtuinh dltrd d` p`glth y `i mirilng``i, isdjurilnh uli prhtdbbgòl sup`dadltirgi tdlndltd i dvgtir qud pisd d` budrph nd uli pdrshli.
DRYTDAI
Ds ul qud d`dadlth sud`h gapgndiphyinh `i biánishmrd nd d` hmedths. Dstiré fhrainh phr ul d`dadlth p`ilh y rdsgstdltd nd uli i`turi dltrd `hs 94 y 2? ba. Ds d` d`dadlth vdrtgbi` qud pdragtd d` ilb`ied nd` bhleulth juirni budrph i` mhrnd nd `i imdrturi i prhtdjdr. Dl ç` sd fgeil `i mirilng``i, d` `gstòl gltdradngh y d` p`glth. ^hnhs `hs d`dadlths fgeinhs i` ahltiltd grél suedths nd fhrai rájgni phr `i pirtd gltdrghr nd `hs agsahs.
^G_H ND ]DYTD]GAGDL^H ]dsgstdlbgi dstrubturi` nd `i mirilni. I`turis nd `i mirilni (Ndsnd `i supdrfgbgd dl nhlnd sd biagli y/h trimiei, cisti d` mhrnd supdrghr nd` trivdsiùh supdrghr).
ADNGNI Aálgah =?? `gmris (7?,3 Kj) nd birji pultui` dl d` pulth adngh nd` trivdsiùh supdrghr nd `i mirilni ip`gbini dl bui`qugdr ngrdbbgòl. 9 adtrh aálgah shmrd `i supdrfgbgd nd trimieh, `is mirilnis dxgstdltds qud dstçl i adlhs ndmdl ieustirsd dl ul tçraglh lh aiyhr nd 3 iùhs i `i i`turi rdqudrgni aálgai nd 9 adtrh, i pirtgr nd `i vgjdlbgi nd `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=.
Tmgbibgòl nd trivdsiùhs Ndmdl sdr umgbinhs i aéxgah >3 ba dltrd sá. gltdradnghs chrgzhlti`ds. Rdpiribgòl dltrd shphrtds Iqud``i qud jiriltgbd `i rdsgstdlbgi aálgai sh`gbgtini. vdrtgbi`ds. I`turis nd `hs rhnipgçs. Nd aálgah 7 ba, a adngnhs dngnhs ndsnd `i supdrfgbgd dl nhlnd sd biagli y/h trimiei. ciy aitdrgi`ds i`turi dxbdni `i nd` Rg rhnipgç y pudnil ibuau`inhs bidr i` vibáh,buyi sd ndmdré glsti`ir uli rdn, `hli, dltrd htrhs, isdjurini i `i mirilni, bhl `i rdsgstdlbgi sufgbgdltd piri prdvdlgr dfdbtgviadltd `i biáni nd `hs hmedths. Bhltrh` nd ibbdsh5
_iri d` ibbdsh i `hs `ujirds nd trimieh bhl rgdsjh nd biáni dl i`turis sd gap`dadltiri d` fhraith pdragsh nd i`turis h `gsti nd bcdqudh, iuthrgzinh phr d` edfd h supdrvgshr nd érdi, y/h zhli nd trimieh.
_rhbdngagdlth Jdldri` piri bhltrh` nd Ibbdsh5
D` trimieinhr bdrtgfgbinh sh`gbgti d` pdragsh nd trimieh nd i`turis h `gsti nd bcdqudh i` bhhrnglinhr nd` RJ-RR^ h bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis, prdvgh i uli p`ildibgòl nd` trimieh. Ds gaphrtiltd qud `is érdis nd `i daprdsi p`ilddl `is ibtgvgninds qud rdqugdril trimieh dl i`turis bhl d` bhhrnglinhr nd` RJ-RR^ y bhhrnglinhr nd i`turis, piri buap`gr bhl thnhs `hs rdqugsgths y bhlngbghlds nd sdjurgnin.
D` trimieinhr iuthrgzinh sd prdsdlti bhl su edfd gladngith h supdrvgshr piri ng`gjdlbgir d` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis y `i `gsti nd bcdqudh, nd ibudrnh i` tgph nd tirdi i rdi`gzir (Hbisghli` h rutglirgi).
D` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis dl bhapiùái nd` edfd gladngith h supdrvgshr vdrg vdrgfgfgbi bi qu qud d sd buap buap`i `il l th thni niss `is `is bhln bhlngb gbgh ghld ldss nd sd sdju jurg rgni nin n pi piri ri ti tird rdis is hbisghli`ds hbisg hli`ds.. Dl bish nd qud lh sd jiriltgbd jiriltgbdl l `is bhlngbg bhlngbghlds hlds nd sdjurg sdjurgnin nin piri d` ndsirrh``h nd `i tirdi sd suspdlndré bui`qugdr trimieh dl i`turis. D` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis ng`gjdlbgi y iuthrgzi d` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis. i`tur is. Builn Builnh h sdi ldbdsirg ldbdsirgh h phrqud sd glb`uyi glb`uyil l htris tird tirdis is nd i`th rgdsjh, ng`gjdlbgi y vdrgfgbi htrhs pdragshs.
D` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis vgjg`i d` ndsirrh``h nd `i tirdi y qud sd buap buap`i `il l th thnh nhss `hs `hs rdqu rdqugs gsgtgths hs nd sdju sdjurg rgni nin; n; Bh Bhhr hrng ngli li `i gl glst sti` i`ib ibgò gòl l nd `i nd`gagtibgòl y sdùi`gzibgòl nd` érdi.
D` trim trimie iein inhr hr bdrt bdrtgfgfgb gbin inh h glst glsti` i`i i `is `is ad adng ngni niss nd pr prdv dvdl dlbg bgòl òl y pr prht htdb dbbg bgòl òl hm`gjithrgis sdjõl `i ldbdsgnin nd `i tirdi i rdi`gzir.
D` iyuniltd nd sdjur sdjurgnin gnin invgdrtd i` edfd gladngit gladngith, h, supdrvgsh supdrvgshrr h bhhrn bhhrnglinhr glinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis sg sd prdsdlti i`juli ilhrai`gnin h grrdju`irgnin dl d` sgtgh
nhlnd sd ndsirrh``i d` trimieh dl i`turis.
D` trimieinhr bdrtgfgbinh dedbuti d` trimieh nd aildri sdjuri, buap`gdlnh bhl `is lhrais nd sdjurgnin dstim`dbgnis dl d` RJ-RR^ y `is ndfglgnis dl d` prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. Builnh d` trimieinhr bdrtgfgbinh tdragld rdi`gzir `i tirdi, ndmd thnhs d`dadl d`d adlths ths nd sdj sdjurg urgnin nin, , nds ndsahl ahltir tir y nd jui juirni rnirr `is adn adngni gnis s ndrdtgrir prd prdvdl vdlbgò bgòl l`hsy prhtdbbgòl utg`gzinis. D` bhhr bhhrng ngli linh nhrr nd tr trim imie ieh h dl i`tu i`turi riss vd vdrg rgfgfgbi bi `i td tdra ragl glib ibgò gòl l nd nd`` tr trim imie ieh h y `i indbuibgòl nd` érdi, nilnh bgdrrd i` pdragsh nd trimieh y `h dltrdji i` érdi nd si`un hbupibghli`.
*(Htris adngnis qud sd pudndl bhlsgndrir piri d` bhltrh` nd ibbdsh shl5 Adngnis nd vgjg`ilbgi, sdjurgnin bhl juirnis, ush nd tiredtis nd sdjurgnin, ngsphsgtgvhs nd sdjurgnin piri d` ibbdsh, ibbdsh, `gstis `gstis nd bcdqudh, bcdqudh, sgstdais sgstdais nd i`irais i`irais u htrh tgph nd sdùi`gzibgòl). sdùi`gzibgòl). Aildeh nd ndslgvd`ds y hrgfgbghs (cudbhs)5
Rgdaprd qud sd dlbudltrd d` pd`gjrh nd biáni nd i`turis ndmgnh i `i dxgstdlbgi nd hrgfgbghs (cudbhs) (cudbh s) sd ndmdl utg`g utg`gzir zir Mirilnis prhvgsghli`ds, bumgdrtis nd prhtdbbgòl ti`ds bhah rdeg``is nd bui`qugdr aitdrgi`, tim`is h tipis, bhl uli rdsgstdlbgi aálgai nd nhs vdbds `i birji aéxgai prdvgsti qud pudni ``djir i shphrtir, bh`hbinis shmrd d` hrgfgbgh (cudbh), nd`gagtinis y sdùi`gzinis. hrgfgbghs dl nhlnd d` D` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis ndmdré dvi`uir d` aildeh nd hrgfgbghs dspibgh vibáh h mrdbci dl uli supdrfgbgd h pirdn, sgl prhtdbbgòl, i trivçs nd` bui` sd pudnd prhnubgr uli biáni nd pdrshlis u hmedths i uli ngstilbgi adlhr nd 9,4? a, piri ndtdraglir `is adngnis nd bhltrh` ldbdsirgis. _iri d` ngsdùh nd sgstdais piri trélsgth dltrd ndslgvd`ds sd ndmdl utg`gzir adngnis qud pdragtil `i bhaulgbibgòl dltrd d``hs, ngsagluydlnh d` rgdsjh nd biáni, ti`ds bhah riapis bhl ul élju`h nd glb`glibgòl nd 94¿ i 2 ?¿, h dsbi`dris bhl adngni aálgai nd cud``i y nd bhltr bhltricud`` icud``i i sdjõl su élju`h nd glb`glibg glb`glibgòl, òl, bhlfhrad i `h dstim`db dstim`dbgnh gnh dl `i sgjugdltd tim`i, ndmdl sdr nd supdrfgbgds iltgnds`gziltds.
ADNGNIR AÁLGAIR _I]I CTD@@I W BHL^]ICTD@@I RDJÕL ÉLJT@H ND GLB@GLIBGÒL ND DRBI@D]I Ilju`h/Chrgzhl ti` 2? Jrinhs 2= Jrinhs 22 Jrinhs 24 Jrinhs
Adngni bhltricud``i dl bdltáadtrhs 96,49 9:,9> 9:,:3 93,>9
Adngni cud``i dl bdltáadtrhs =:,7> =:,2 =6,6: =6,?2
26 Jrinhs 23 Jrinhs >? Jrinhs >9 Jrinhs >2 Jrinhs
97,?4 97,63 =?,2= =?,74 =9,47
=4,> =>,:6 =>,92 =2,>7 ==,36
>4 Jrinhs >6 Jrinhs >3 Jrinhs >7 Jrinhs
==,== ==,36 =2,>7 =>,92
==,== =9,47 =?,74 =?,2=
_dragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis.
Dltgçlnisd qud d` _dragsh nd trimieh ds ul adbilgsah qud adngiltd `i vdrgfgbibgòl y bhltrh` prdvgh nd thnhs `hs ispdbths rd`ibghlinhs dl `i rdsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=, tgdld bhah hmedth prdvdlgr `i hburrdlbgi nd ibbgndltds nuriltd `i rdi`gzibgòl nd trimiehs dl i`turis. _iri nir buap`gagdlth buap`gagdlth i `h iltdrghr, sd dstim`dbd5 ^irdis dl `is qud sd rdqugdrd d` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis y rdsphlsim`ds nd ng`gjdlbgiagdlth y vdrgfgbibgòl. _rhbdngagdlth jdldri` piri gap`dadltir pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis. Bhltdlgnh aálgah nd` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis. ^irdis dl `is qud sd rdqugdrd d` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis y rdsphlsim`ds nd` ng`gjdlbgiagdlth y vdrgfgbibgòl.
RT_D]VGRGHL W BHH]NGLIBGHL ND ^]IMIEH DL I@^T]IR ^G_H ND ^I]DI
]DYTGD]D _D]AGRH
Hbisghli`
RG
]utglirgi
LH(@gsti nd bcdqudh)
]DR_HLRIM@D ND
]DR_HLRIM@D ND @I
NG@GJDLBGIAGDL^ H
]DVGRGHL W VD]GFGBIBGHL
^rimieinhr bdrtgfgbinh y/h bhhrnglinhr nd i`turis ^rimieinhr bdrtgfgbinh y/h bhhrnglinhr nd i`turis
Bhhrnglinhr nd i`turis
Bhhrnglinhr nd i`turis
Dltgçlnisd, sdjõl `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=, qud5 Rhl l `i `iss ib ibtgtgvg vgni nind ndss qu qud d lh rd rdi` i`gz gzi i ^rim ^rimie ieh h hb hbis isgh ghli li`` (^ (^ri rimi mieh eh lh ru rutg tgli lirg rgh) h)55 Rh rdju`iradltd d` trimieinhr h qud shl dsphréngbhs h rdi`gzinhs nd vdz dl builnh.
^rimieh rutgl ^rimieh rutglirgh5 irgh5 Rhl `is ibtgvgninds qud rdju`iradltd ndsirrh``i d` trimieinhr, dl d` ndsdapdùh nd sus fulbghlds. _rhbdngagdlth jdldri` piri gap`dadltir pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis.
¸Yugçlds pirtgbgpil dl d` ng`gjdlbgiagdlth nd` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis8
^rimieinhr bdrtgfgbinh dl trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis. Bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis. Edfd gladngith y/h supdrvgshr nd érdi.
9. D` trimieinhr bdrtgfgbinh sd prdsdlti bhl su edfd gladngith h supdrvgshr piri ng`gjdlbgir d` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis y `i `gsti nd bcdqudh. =. D` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis dl bhapiùái nd` edfd gladngith h supdrvgshr vdrg vdrgfgfgbi bi qu qud d sd buap buap`i `il l th thni niss `is `is bhln bhlngb gbgh ghld ldss nd sd sdju jurg rgni nin n pi piri ri ti tird rdis is hbisghli`ds hbisg hli`ds.. Dl bish nd qud lh sd jiriltgbd jiriltgbdl l `is bhlngbg bhlngbghlds hlds nd sdjurg sdjurgnin nin piri d` ndsirrh``h nd `i tirdi sd suspdlndré bui`qugdr trimieh dl i`turis. 2. D` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis ng`gjdlbgi y iuthrgzi d` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis. i`tur is. Builn Builnh h sdi ldbdsirg ldbdsirgh h phrqud sd glb`uyi glb`uyil l htris tird tirdis is nd i`th rgdsjh, ng`gjdlbgi y vdrgfgbi htrhs pdragshs. >. D` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis vgjg`i d` ndsirrh``h nd `i tirdi y qud sd buap buap`i `il l th thnh nhss `hs `hs rdqu rdqugs gsgtgths hs nd sdju sdjurg rgni nin; n; Bh Bhhr hrng ngli li `i gl glst sti` i`ib ibgò gòl l nd `i nd`gagtibgòl y sdùi`gzibgòl nd` érdi. trimie iein inhr hr bdrt bdrtgfgfgb gbin inh h glst glsti` i`i i `is `is ad adng ngni niss nd pr prdv dvdl dlbg bgòl òl y pr prht htdb dbbg bgòl òl 4. D` trim hm`gjithrgis sdjõl `i ldbdsgnin nd `i tirdi i rdi`gzir. 6. D` iyuniltd nd sdjur sdjurgnin gnin invgdrtd i` edfd gladngit gladngith, h, supdrvgsh supdrvgshrr h bhhrn bhhrnglinhr glinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis sg sd prdsdlti i`juli ilhrai`gnin h grrdju`irgnin dl d` sgtgh nhlnd sd ndsirrh``i d` trimieh dl i`turis. :. D` trimieinhr bdrtgfgbinh dedbuti d` trimieh nd aildri sdjuri, buap`gdlnh bhl `is lhrais nd sdjurgnin dstim`dbgnis dl d` RJ-RR^ y `is ndfglgnis dl d` prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. 3. Builnh d` trimieinhr bdrtgfgbinh tdragld nd rdi`gzir `i tirdi, ndmd rdtgrir thnhs `hs d`dadl d`d adlths ths nd sdj sdjurg urgnin nin,, nds ndsahl ahltir tir y jui juirni rnirr `is adn adngni gniss nd prd prdvdl vdlbgò bgòl l y prhtdbbgòl utg`gzinis. bhhrng ngli linh nhrr nd tr trim imie ieh h dl i`tu i`turi riss vd vdrg rgfgfgbi bi `i td tdra ragl glib ibgò gòl l nd nd`` tr trim imie ieh h y `i 7. D` bhhr indbuibgòl nd` érdi, nilnh bgdrrd i` pdragsh nd trimieh y `h dltrdji i` érdi nd si`un hbupibghli`. Dl bish nd qud sd prdsdltd ul glbgndltd glbgndltd h ibbgn ibbgndltd dltd nd trimie trimieh h sd ndmd glfhr glfhrair air nd gladngith i` bhhrnglinhr nd` RJ-RR^. D` pdragsh nd trimieh ndmd bhltdldr bhah aálgah `h sgjugdltd5
9. Lhamrd (s) nd trimieinhr (ds). =. ^gph nd trimieh. 2. I`turi iprhxgaini i `i bui` sd vi i ndsirrh``ir `i ibtgvgnin. >. Fdbci y chri nd glgbgh y nd tdraglibgòl nd `i tirdi. 4. Vdrgfgbibgòl nd `i ifg`gibgòl vgjdltd i `i sdjurgnin shbgi`.
6. ]dqugsgths nd trimieinhr (rdqudrgagdlths nd iptgtun). :. Ndsbrgpbgòl y prhbdngagdlth nd `i tirdi. 3. D`dadlths nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` sd`dbbghlinhs phr d` dap`dinhr tdlgdlnh dl budlti `hs rgdsjhs y rdqudrgagdlths prhpghs nd `i tirdi, bhlfhrad i `h ngspudsth dl `i prdsdltd rdsh`ubgòl. 7. Vdrgfgbibgòl nd `hs pulths nd ilb`ied phr bini trimieinhr. Rgstdai nd prdvdlbgòl bhltripiri biánis. 9?. Dqugphs, 99. sgstdai nd ibbdsh trimieh dl i`turis. 9=. Cdrriagdltis i utg`gzir. 92. Bhlstilbgi nd bipibgtibgòl h bdrtgfgbinh nd bhapdtdlbgi `imhri` piri prdvdlbgòl piri biánis dl trimieh dl i`turis. 9>. Hmsdrvibghlds. 94. Lhamrds y ipd``gnhs, fgrais y lõadrhs nd bçnu`is nd `hs trimieinhrds y nd `i pdrshli qud iuthrgzi d` trimieh. D` fhraith nd pdragsh nd trimieh sdré fibg`gtinh phr d` Bhhrnglinhr nd` RJ-RR^ i `hs trimieinhrds bdrtgfgbinhs y/h bhhrnglinhr nd i`turis piri trimiehs hbisghli`ds y piri trimiehs rutglirghs ds gaphrtiltd ng`gjdlbgir uli `gsti nd bcdqudh. Vdr Ildxh Fhraith D. _dragsh piri trimieh dl i`turis. Vdr Ildxh Fhraith F. @gsti nd Bcdqudh. Ilé`gsgs sdjurh nd ^rimieh (IR^).
D` Ilé`gsgs sdjurh nd trimieh sd utg`gziri dl `hs sgjugdltds bishs5
Builnh lh sd pud Builnh pudndl ndl isd isdjur jurir ir qud thn thnhs hs `hs bhl bhltrh trh`ds `ds cil sgn sgnh h ip` ip`gbi gbinhs nhs indbuiniadltd, y lh shl sufgbgdltds piri bhltrh`ir d` rgdsjh. Builnh ul pdragsh nd trimieh ds rdqudrgnh piri rdi`gzir `i tirdi h `imhr. Builnh lh sd ci rdi`gzinh uli dvi`uibgòl nd rgdsjh piri `i tirdi h `imhr. Buil Bu ilnh nh qudr qudrda dahs hs gndl gndltgtgfgfgbi birr `hs `hs pd`g pd`gjr jrhs hs ds dspd pdbá báfgfgbh bhss nd uli uli ti tird rdi i y su suss rdspdbtgvhs bhltrh`ds. Builnh qudrdahs rdi`gzir uli tirdi lh rutglirgi (Hbisghli`).
Vdr Ildxh Fhraith J. Ilé`gsgs sdjurh nd trimieh (IR^).
Rgstdais nd ibbdsh piri trimieh dl i`turis.
]DYTGRG^HR _I]I @I RD@DBBGÒL W TRH ND @HR RGR^DAIR ND IBBDRH 9. Ndmdl sdr bdrtgfgbinhs y d` fimrgbiltd ndmd prhvddr glfhraibgòl dl dspiùh`, shmrd sus prglbgpi`ds biribtdrástgbis nd sdjurgnin y utg`gzibgòl. =. Rd Rdrr sd`d sd`dbb bbgh ghli linh nhss nd ibud ibudrn rnh h bhl bhl `is `is ldbd ldbdsg sgni nind ndss ds dspd pdbá báfgfgbi biss nd `i ib ibtgtgvg vgni nin n dbhlòagbi, `i tirdi i ndsirrh``ir y `hs pd`gjrhs gndltgfgbinhs phr d` bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh
dl i`turis. 2. Rdr bha bhapit pitgm` gm`ds ds dlt dltrd rd sá sá,, dl tia tiaiùh iùh,, fgjuri fgjuri,, ait aitdrg drgi`d i`ds, s, fhrai, fhrai, ngéadt ngéadtrh rh y dstis dstis biribtdrás birib tdrástgbis tgbis ndmdl sdr ivi`inis phr d` bhhrnglinh bhhrnglinhrr nd trimieh trimieh dl i`turis i`turis y dl bish nd nunis, ndmdrél sdr iprhminhs phr uli pdrshli bi`gfgbini. >. Jiriltgzir `i rdsgstdlbgi i `is birjis bhl ul fibthr nd sdjurgnin, qud jiriltgbd `i sdjurgnin nd `i hpdribgòl, nd ibudrnh bhl `i aéxgai fudrzi i shphrtir y `i rdsgstdlbgi i `i bhrrhsgòl h ndsjistd qud ndtdrghrdl `i dstrubturi nd` ag agsa sah; h; dl bish bi sh nd nuni nuphr nis, s,sustilbgis ndmd ndmdré rél l hsdr sdd`dadlths r ip iprh rhmi minh nhs s ph phr r ul uli i pd pdrs rshl hli i bi`g bi`gfg fgbi bini ni.. 4. Dl d` bish nd sgstdais bh`jiltds (ilniaghs h bilistis piri trilsphrtd nd pdrshli`), `h bhrrdsphlngdltd i bim`ds, bhldbthrds, ph`dis, bhltripdshs y bui`qugdr htrh bhaphldltd nd` sgstdai, ndmdré sdr bdrtgfgbinh, bhltir bhl ngsdùhs nd Gljdlgdrái y sus pirtds y bé`bu`hs iltds nd `i `imhr, indaés ndmdl jiriltgzir ul fibthr nd sdjurgnin qud jiriltgbd `i sdjurgnin nd `i hpdribgòl, dl bish nd nunis, dsths sgstdais ndmdrél sdr iprhminhs phr uli pdrshli bi`gfgbini. 6. Rdr glspdbbghlinhs iltds nd bini ush phr pirtd nd` usuirgh y aálgah uli vdz i` iùh phr phr d` bhhr bhhrng ngli linh nhrr nd tr trim imie ieh h dl i`tu i`turi ris, s, bhlf bhlfhr hrad ad i `i `iss lh lhra rais is li libg bghl hli` i`ds ds h gltdrl glt drlibg ibghli hli`ds `ds vgj vgjdlt dltds. ds. Rg dxg dxgstd stdl l lh bhl bhlfhr fhragn agnind inds, s, d` sgstda sgstdai i ndmd ndmd rdtgri rdtgrirsd rsd nd sdrvgb sdr vgbgh gh y dlv dlvgir girsd sd i ail ailtdl tdlgag gagdlt dlth h bdr bdrtgf tgfgbi gbinh, nh, sg ip` ip`gbi gbi,, h d`gagl d`gaglirs irsd d sg lh inagtd inagtd ailtdlgagdlth. :. ^dldr uli chei nd vgni, nhlnd dstçl bhlsgjlinhs `hs niths nd5 fdbci nd fimrgbibgòl, tgdaph nd vgni õtg`, cgsth tgdaph cgsthrgi` rgi` nd ush, rdjgstrhs nd glspdbbgòl, glspdbbgòl, rdjgstrh rdjgstrhss nd ailtdl ailtdlgagdl gagdlth, th, fgbci tçblgbi, bdrtgfgbibgòl nd` fimrgbiltd y hmsdrvibghlds. Lhti5 sd pdragt Lhti5 pdragtgré gré d` ush nd `hs prdti`ds prdti`ds bhah d`dadl d`dadlth th nd ibbdsh ibbdsh i phstds phstds,, sgdaprd y builnh lh sdi phsgm`d d` ush nd htrhs sgstdais nd ibbdsh, bhl `i bhlngbgòl qud piri su ush sd dap`ddl sgstdais bdrtgfgbinhs nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis piri d` trélsgth vdrtgbi` y `i sdjurgnin nd` trimieinhr. Vdr nhbuadlths Ildxhs5 Ildxh Nhbuadlth Nhbuadlth =. Juái tçblgbi nd sdj sdjurgnin urgnin piri trimieh dl ilniaghs y dstrubturis. Ildxh Nhbuadlth Nhbuadlth 2. Juái tçblgbi nd sdj sdjurgnin urgnin piri trimieh dl Dsbi`dris. Ildxh Nhbuadlth Nhbuadlth >. Juái tçblgbi nd sdj sdjurgnin urgnin piri trimieh dl p`itifhrai aòvg` aòvg` d`dvinhri nd pdrshli`.
^rimieh dl suspdlsgòl. Rd ndfgldl `hs sgjugdltds rdqugsgths piri trimieh dl suspdlsgòl misinhs dl `i lhraitgvgnin vgjdltd dl Bh`hamgi shmrd trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis5
@hs trimiehs dl suspdlsgòl bhl nuribgòl nd aés nd bglbh (4) agluths, ndmdrél sdr rdi`gzinhs utg`gzilnh uli sg``i piri trimieh dl i`turis, qud dstç bhldbtini i `i irjh``i pdbthri` nd` irlçs y i` sgstdai nd ndsbdlsh.
^hnhs `hs bhaphldltds nd` sgstdai nd ndsbdlsh, ndmdl dstir bdrtgfgbinhs nd ibudrnh bhl `is lhrais libghli`ds h gltdrlibghli`ds ip`gbim`ds.
D` trimieinhr dstiré isdjurinh i uli `áldi nd vgni vdrtgbi` dl budrni, glsti`ini bhl ul ilb`ied glndpdlngdltd y usilnh ul frdlh bdrtgfgbinh.
]dqugsgths jdldri`ds aálgahs nd `i Rg``i piri trimieh dl i`turis5
Ngadlsghlds5 2? x 6? bdltáadtrhs.
D`dadlth tdxtg` dl rditi nd ph`giagni nd >? ag`áadtrhs nd ilbch.
]dsgstdlbgi aálgai i `i tdlsgòl nd =3. ]dsgstdltd i riyhs TV.
]dsgstdlbgi nd 4??? @gmris y ngstrgmubgòl bhrrdbti nd` pdsh nd` trimieinhr.
Vdr Ildxh Nhbuadlth 4. Juái tçblgbi nd sdjurgnin piri trimieh dl suspdlsgòl
Adngnis nd _rhtdbbgòl. _G@IAHGL RIR nilnh buap`gagdlth i `hs rdqugsgths nd `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9= dstim`dbd `is adngnis nd prhtdbbg prhtdbbgòl òl bhltri biánis nd i`t i`turis uris bhah pirtd nd adngnis nd bhltrh` d gltdrvdlbgòl nd` rgdsjh nd biáni. B`isgfbibghl nd `is Adngnis nd _rhtdbbghl nd ibudrnh i `i ]dsh`ubghl 9>?7 nd =?9=5
Adngnis _isgvis nd nd _ _rrhtdbbghl
Adngnis I Ibbvis nd nd _rhtdbbghl
Rgstdais nd rdn nd sdjurgnin.
@is adngnis nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis bhah `hs sgstdais nd rdn nd sdjurgnin dstél ngsdùinhs piri ndtdldr h bipturir i` trimieinhr dl d` triydbth nd su biáni, sgl pdragtgr gapibt gap ibth h bhl bhltri tri dst dstrub rubtur turis is h d`d d`dadl adlths ths,, rdq rdqugd ugdrdl rdl phb phbi i h lgl lgljul juli i glt gltdrv drvdlb dlbgòl gòl nd` trimieinhr qud rdi`gzi d` trimieh. _iri `i sd`dbbgòl y ush nd `hs sgstdais nd rdn nd sdjurgnin, sd tdlnré dl budlti `h sgjugdltd5 ]dqugsgths bui`gtitgvhs y builtgtitgvhs.
B`isgfgbibgòl nd sgstdais nd sdjurgnin y utg`gnin.
Vdr Ildxh Nhbuadlth 6. Juái tçblgbi nd sgstdai nd prhtdbbgòl nd sdju sdjurgnin rgnin - rdn nd sdjurgnin. ]dqugsgths bui`gtitgvhs.
@i rdn sd fimrgbi bhl budrnis nd fgmri sgltçtgbis, pudndl tdldrsd dl budlti aitdrgi`ds bhah5 ph`gçstdr, ph`giagni. _iri _ir i nir buap buap`ga `gagdl gdlth th i `hs rdqu rdqugsg gsgths ths nd tri trizim zimg`g g`gnin, nin, sd ndmd bhl bhltir tir bhl `h sgjugdltd5 Chei nd vgni dl nhlnd dstçl bhlsgjlinhs `hs niths nd5 -Fdbci nd fimrgbibgòl. -Tshs iltdrghrds. -]djgstrhs nd glspdbbghlds, bdrtgfgbibghlds y nd prudmis dl `i hmri iltds nd phldr`h dl fulbghliagdlth. Biribtdrástgbis tçblgbis nd glsti`ibgòl, ush, glspdbbgòl y ailtdlgagdlth.
]DYTD]GAGDL^H ND NGR^ILBGI _I]I GLR^I@IBGHL ND ]DN ND RDJT]GNIN Ngstilbgi Vdrtgbi` ndsnd `i supdrfgbgd Ng Ngst stil ilbg bgi i aá aálg lgai ai chrgz chrgzhlt hlti` i` rdqud rdqudrg rgni ni nd trim trimi ieh nhl hlnd nd sd bi biag agli li y/h y/h ndsnd d` mhrnd dxtdrlh nd `i ai``i cisti d` trimiei cisti `i supdrfgbgd chrgzhlti` mhrnd nd `i supdrfgbgd nd trimieh. nd `i rdn. 9.4 a =.>? a Aés nd 9.4 a cisti 2 a 2a Aés nd 2 a >a
B`isgfgbibgòl nd sgstdais nd rdn nd sdjurgnin y utg`gnin.
^G_H ND ]DN ^dlgs
]dnds vdrtg rtgbi`ds nd fib ibc cini
T^G@GNIN Rd pudndl pudndl utg`gz utg`gzir, ir, ful fulnia niadlt dlti`a i`adlt dltd, d, piri prhtdjdrr `hs mhrnds nd `hs fhrein prhtdjd fhreinhs hs dl p`ilt p`iltis is ngéfilis, bh`hbilnh sgdaprd `i rdn phr `i biri gltdrghr nd `hs pg`irds nd fibcini. (]dnds piri dvgtir biánis). Rd pudnd dndl utg`gzir piri `i prh rhttdbb bbggòl dl
]dnds chrgzhlti`ds
]dnds bhl shphrtd tgph chrbi
]dnds chrgzhlti`ds
fibcinis, tilth dxtdrghrds bhah `is qud nil i jrilnds pitghs gltdrghrds. Vil suedtis i ulhs shphrtds vdrtgbi`ds h i` fhreinh. Dstél ndst stgglin ini is i dvgtir `i bi biááni nd hpdrirghs y aitdrgi`ds phr `hs cudbhs nd `hs fhreinhs. @is budrnis `itdri`ds dstirél suedtis fudrtdadltd i `hs dstrgmhs damdmgnhs dl d` fhreinh. @is ``iainis rdnds bhl chrbi sd ngfdrdlbgil nd `is vdrtgbi`ds nd fibcini dl d` tgph nd shphrtd adté`gbh i` qud sd fgeil y dl qud sgrvdl piri gapdngr `i biáni õlgbiadltd dl `i p`ilti p`i lti glfdrgh glfdrghr, r, agd agdltr ltris is qud dl `i sup supdrgh drghr r sò`h `gagtil `i biáni. Ru hmedtgvh ds prhtdjdr bhltri `is biánis nd i`turi nd pdrshlis y hmedths. ¿ Dl `is hpdribghlds nd dlbhfrinh, fdrri``inh, chragjhlinh y ndsdlbhfrinh dl `is dstrubturis tringbghli`ds. ¿ Dl d` ahltied nd dstrubturis adté`gbis y bumgdrtis.
Bhaphldltds nd ul sgstdai nd _rhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
@is adngnis nd prhtdbbgòl ibtgvis shl `is qud glvh`ubril `i pirtgbgpibgòl nd` trimieinhr. Glb` Glb`uy uydl dl `hs `hs sg sgju jugd gdlt ltds ds bhap bhaphl hldl dltd tds5 s5 pult pulth h nd il ilb` b`ie ied, d, adbi adbilg lgsa sahs hs nd il ilb` b`ie ied, d, bhldbthrds y shphrtd bhrphri` (Irlçs). Nilnh buap`gagdlth i `h dstim`dbgnh dl `i rdsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=, sd tdlnré dl budlti5 @hs rdqugsgths qud ndmdl buap`gr `hs bhaphldltds qud cibdl pirtd nd ul sgstdai nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biáni. _rhbdngagdlth piri `i glspdbbgòl. Biribt ibtdrá drástg stgbis bis i tdldr dl bud budlti lti buil builnh nh sd gls glspdb pdbbgh bghlil lil bini ulh nd `hs Bir bhaphldltds nd ul sgstdai nd prhtdbbgòl glngvgnui` bhltri biánis. _rhbdngagdlth piri rdi`gzir Ailtdlgagdlth ]dqugsgths nd `hs bhaphldltds qud cibdl pirtd nd ul sgstdai nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
BHLDB^H]DR
]DYTGRG^HR BITI@G^I^GVHR
AI^ AI^D]G D]GI@ _]H _]HNT @hsnin, bha bhaphl phldlt dltds adt adté`g é`gbhs bhs ndm ndmdl dl fhrein sdr cdb cdbchs phr `i i`dibg i`d ibgòl òl I@ nd Wibd ibdrh rh NTBBG nd BBGÒL5 i`t i`ti iÒL5 tdl tdlibg ibgnin , hmt hmtdlg dlgnh nhdsphr prh prhbds bdshs hs nd fhr einh, h, chs trhqud trhqud`in `inh, h, fhrainh h aiquglinh. JDLD]I@5 ^hnhs `hs ibbdshrghs adté`gbhs ndmdl sdr ludvhs y sgl ush builnh shl glbhrphrinhs i` dlsiam`d y pudsths glgbgi`adltd dl ush. HSGN HS GNIB IBGÒ GÒL5 L5 Rd pd pdra ragtgtd d `i ipirg ipirgbg bgòl òl nd dsbi dsbiai aiss m` m`il ilbi biss sh shmr mrd d `i su supd pdrf rfgb gbgd gd nd nd`` ibbdshrgh adté`gbh (Dlsiyh béairi si`gli >3chris). FTLB FT LBGH GHLI LI@G @GNI NIN5 N5 @h @hss jilb jilbch chss y ah ahsq squd udth thld ldss nd ndmd mdl l td tdld ldrr ul bgdr bgdrrd rd y sd sdju jurh rh iuth iuthaé aétgtgbh bh y sd ndmd ndmdl l phnd phndrr imrg imrgrr õlgb õlgbia iadl dltd td ph phrr nhs nhs ib ibbg bghl hlds ds bh bhls lsdb dbut utgv gvis is y nd`gmdrinis. RT_D]FGBGD W IBIMINH5 @hs jilbchs nd sdjurgnin lh ndmdl tdldr mhrnds fg`hshs h rujhshs qud pudnil bhrtir h ndsjistir phr frgbbgòl, `hs bimhs h `is bhrrdis h `istgair i` trimieinhr. LH^I5 D` ush nd ahsqudthlds rhsbinhs qudni prhcgmgnh dl `hs sgstdais nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis. biánis.
BHA_HLDL^D Jilbchs nd Rdjurgnin Ahsqudthlds Ilg``hs H, N y Hvi`inhs Bhldbthr piri rdstrgbbgòl nd biáni Bhldbthr nd _hsgbghliagdlth Jilbchs nd
]DYTGRG^HR BTIL^G^I^GVHR
]DRGR^DLBGI (Birji nd tdlsgòl) Kg`hldwthls (Kl) @gmris (`m)
==.=
4???
96
26??
sdjurgnin y ahsqudthlds dl prudmi nd su rdspdbtgvi biri nd `i bhapudrti. _rudmi nd birji `itdri` nd `isnd `hs bhapudrtis jilbchs nd sdjurgnin y `hs ahsqudthlds. Cdmg``is y ieustinhrds dl prudmi nd tdlsgòl. Bhldbthr dl prudmi nd `i prudmi nd birji.
96
26??
9:.3
>???
96
26??
Lhti5 `hs bhaphldltds dl `i birji nd prudmi lh ndmdl prdsdltir sgjlhs nd rhturi y/h ipdrturi sufgbgdltd piri `gmdrir `i bhapudrti.
I]LDR BTD]_H BHA_@D^H
]DYTGRG^HR BITI@G^I^GVHR
@is bgl bgltis tis y `hs cg`hs cg`hs ndm ndmdl dl dst dstir ir bha bhapud pudsth sthss phr aitdrg aitdrgi`d i`dss sgl sgltçt tçtgbh gbhss várjdl várjdlds, ds, rdsgstdltds gjui` h supdrghr i `i ph`giagni, bhl tdraglibghlds qud dvgtdl d` ndscg`ibcd. @hs cg`hs nd bhsturi ndmdl gr nd ul bh`hr ngfdrdltd i` nd `i bglti. D` irlçs ndmd prhphrb prhphrbghlir ghlir shph shphrtd rtd piri d` budrph dl `i pirtd glfdrg glfdrghr hr nd` pdbch, shmrd `hs chamrhs y i`rdndnhr nd `hs aus`hs. D` shphrtd nd ndtdbbgòl nd biáni ndmd dstir dstir umgbinh dl `i phsgbgòl phstdrghr (nhrsi`). D` irlçs ndmd sdr ngsdùinh piri sdr utg`gzinh phr usuirghs dltrd 47kj y 9>?kj nd pdsh, glb`uydlnh `hs d`dadlths qud dstd utg`gbd. ]DYTGRG^HR BTIL^G^I^GVHR
BHA_HLDL^D
ILBCH ag`áadtrhs (aa)
]DRGR^DLBGI Kg`hldwthls (Kl)
@gmris (@m)
Bgltis prglbgpi`ds >9 ==.= 4??? shstdldnhris Bgltis sdbulnirgis =? L.I Irjh``is (Vdr d`dadlths L.I ==.= 4??? adté`gbhs) DLRIWH ]DYTGRG^H Irlçs dl prudmi nd Builnh sd ip`gqud uli birji nd ==,= kL, Lh ndmd prdsdltirsd fudrzi dstétgbi nds`gziagdlth dl `is cdmg``is ieustim`ds aiyhr i =4 aa, lg `gmdrir d` thrsh nd prudmi. Irlçs dl prudmi D` Ilju`h nd rdphsh adngnh dltrd d` bdltrh nd jrivdnin nd` thrsh nd` rdlngagdlth nd prudmi lh ndmd dxbdndr 2?¿. ngléagbh Virgim`ds dlsiyh5 thrsh 9??kj, ngstilbgi nd biáni `gmrd 4?
9?6: a
>=
==.=
4???
9?6: a
>=
>
7??
BHLDB^H] ND ILB@IED
]DYTGRG^HR BITI@G^I^GVHR
_iri d` ngsdùh y sd`dbbgòl nd` bhldbthr nd ilb`ied sd ndmd tdldr dl budlti `i dxphsgbgòl nd dsths i mhrnds ifg`inhs, supdrfgbgds imrisgvis y pd`gjrhs fásgbhs bhah fudltds tçragbis, d`çbtrgbis y quáagbis. Tl bhldbthr nd ilb`ied ndmd sdr fgeinh piri ul sh`h sgstdai nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis (Lh sd pdragtd `i bhldxgòl nd aés nd nhs trimieinhrds i ul adbilgsah nd ilb`ied fgeh, i lh sdr qud d` prhnubth dspdbgfgqud `h bhltrirgh). ]DYTGRG^HR BTIL^G^I^GVHR
BHA_HLDL^D Bhldbthrds nd ilb`ieds rdlngagdlth dstétgbh.
]DRGR^DLBGI Kg`hldwthls (Kl)
@gmris (@m)
==.=
4???
LH^I5 `hs bhaphldltds ndmdl buap`gr bhl `hs rdqugsgths dspdbáfgbhs piri bini ulh, vdr d`dadlths adté`gbhs y tdxtg`ds.
F]DLH ND BIGNI
]DYTGRG^HR BITI@G^I^GVHR
D` dqugph ndmd dspdbgfgbir su ngrdbbgòl nd ush vdrtgbi`, chrgzhlti` h iamis. @hs frdlhs nd biáni ndmdl ibtuir iuthaétgbiadltd dl su fulbgòl nd m`hqudh. @hs @hs frdl frdlhs hs qud qud shl shl ut utg`g`gz gzin inhs hs dl `á`áld ldis is nd vgni vgni vd vdrt rtgb gbi` i`ds ds nd ndmd mdl l sd sdrr b`ir b`iria iadl dltd td airbinhs, ahstrilnh `i hrgdltibgòl nd su ush. @hs frdl frdlhs hs qud sshl hl utg utg`gz `gzinh inhss dl `ál `áldis dis nd vvgni gni vd vdrtg rtgbi` bi`ds ds lh ndm ndmdl dl rdsmi` rdsmi`irs irsd d glvh`ultirgiadltd dl ndsbdlsh phr `i `áldi nd vgni nuriltd `i hpdribgòl. Ndmdl sdr bhapitgm`ds bhl d` ngsdùh y ngéadtrh nd `i `áldi nd vgni y piri su bhldxgòl i` irlçs ndmd bhltir bhl ul jilbch nd nhm`d sdjurh h ul ahsqudtòl nd bgdrrd iuthaétgbh. Ndmd prhphrbghlirsd prhtdbbgòl bhltri bhrrhsgòl i thnhs `hs d`dadlths nd` frdlh nd biáni. ]DYTGRG^HR BTIL^G^I^GVHR
BHA_HLDL^D Frdlh nd biáni
^DLRGHL FGLI@ Kg`hldwthls (Kl) 96 @GLDI ND VGNI CH]GUHL^I@
@gmris (@m) 26??
]DYTGRG^HR BITI@G^I^GVHR
@áldi fgei5 Rd ndmd bhltir bhl adahrgi nd bé`bu`h y dsti ndmd sdr dfdbtuini phr uli pdrshli bhapdtdltd. @áldi fgei5 Rd ndmd ngsdùir bhl fibthr nhs. @i bipibgnin aéxgai sdré piri nhs usuirghs. @i `áldi nd vgni chrgzhlti` phrtétg` ndmd tdldr ul imshrmdnhr nd dldrjái. @i `áldi nd vgni chrgzhlti` phrtétg` lh ndmd sdr shmrdtdlsghlini y aéxgah sd pudndl bhldbtir nhs pdrshlis. @i `áldi nd vgni chrgzhlti` fgei pudnd tdldr imshrmdnhr nd bchqud piri prhtdjdr `i `áldi y `i dstrubturi. @i budrni sgltçtgbi utg`gzini dl `is `áldis nd vgni ndmd sdr nd aitdrgi` sgltçtgbh vgrjdl bhl uli rdsgstdlbgi gjui` h supdrghr i `i nd `i ph`giagni. D` bim`d adté`g adté`gbh bh utg`g utg`gzin zinh h pir piri i `áldi `áldi nd vgn vgni i ndm ndmd d sdr nd ibdrh bhl i`ai nd ibd ibdrh, rh, indaés sg ds piri gltdapdrgd ndmd sdr dl ibdrh glhxgnim`d. ]DYTGRG^HR BTIL^G^I^GVHR
BHA_HLDL^D Budrni Rgltçtgbi Bim`d Adté`gbh
]DRGR^DLBGI Kg`hldwth @gmris (@m) ls (Kl) ==.= ==.=
NGIAD^]H Ag`áadtr hs (aa)
_u`jinis (gl)
96 3
?.6=7 ?.29=4
4??? 4???
LH^I5 heh bhl d` fibthr nd sdjurgnin dl `i glsti`ibgòl nd `áldis nd vgni fgeis y `is adahrgis nd bé`bu`h.
@GLDI ND VGNI VD]^GBI@
]DYTGRG^HR BITI@G^I^GVHR
@i budrni sgltçtgbi utg`gzini dl `is `áldis nd vgni ndmd sdr nd aitdrgi` sgltçtgbh vgrjdl bhl uli rdsgstdlbgi gjui` h supdrghr i `i nd `i ph`giagni. Dl `is `is budr budrni niss sglt sgltçt çtgb gbis is `is `is td tdra ragl glib ibgh ghld ldss y da dapi pi`a `ads ds nd ndmd mdl l ds dsti tirr su sued edti tinh nhs, s, rdfhrz rdf hrzinh inhss y tdr tdragl aglinh inhss gltdjr gltdjri`a i`adlt dltd d nd ail aildri dri qud dvg dvgtd td qud `i tdr tdragl aglibg ibgòl òl sd ndsdapi`ad h ndscg`ibcd. D` bim`d adté`gbh utg`gzinh piri `áldi nd vgni vgni ndmd sdr nd ibdrh bhl i`ai nd ibdrh. ]DYTGRG^HR BTIL^G^I^GVHR
]DRGR^DLBGI BHA_HLDL^D Budrni Rgltçtgbi Bim`d Adté`gbh
Kg`hldwth ls (Kl)
@gmris (@m)
=4
46??
=:
6???
D@HLJIBGHL AISGAI ==% (Bhl uli birji nd 3KL) L.I
NGIAD^]H Ag`áadtr _u`jin hs (aa) is (gl) 96
?.6=7
3
?.29=4
LH^I55 D` sgstd LH^I sgstdai ai ndmd ndmd bhlt bhltir ir bhl bhl `i bd bdrt rtgf gfgb gbib ibgò gòl l nd bhap bhapitg itgmg mg`g `gni nin n dltr dltrd d bhaphldltd.
DR@GLJI IT^H-]D^]IB IT^H-]D^]IB^G@ ^G@
]DYTGRG^HR BITI@G^I^GVHR
@hs jilbchs nd sdjurgnin qud dstél gltdjrinhs i `is ds` ds`gljis gljis iuth-rdtrébtg` ndmdl tdldr iuth bgdrrd y iuth isdjuriagdlth. @is ds`gljis iuth-rdtribtg`ds ndmdl ibtuir iuthaétgbiadltd dl su fulbgòl nd m`hqudh. @is ds`gljis iuth-rdtribtg`ds qud tgdldl fulbghlds nd bgdrrd y nd imshrbgòl nd dldrjái, ndmdl sdr ngsdùinis qud nd` `i fulbgòl nd imshrbgòl nd dldrjái dstç ngsphlgm`d nuriltd thnh d` riljh nd ti` ushfhrai fulbghli` ngsphsgtgvh. ^hnhs `hs d`dadlths nd `i ds`glji ndmdl bhltir bhl prhtdbbgòl i `i bhrrhsgòl. Rg d` d`dadlth nd `i ds`glji ds budrni h bglti sgltçtgbi ndmd sdr nd aitdrgi` vgrjdl bhl rdsgstdlbgi gjui` h supdrghr i `i nd `is ph`giagnis. @is budrnis nd bim`d adté`gbh qud fhrail pirtd nd uli ds`glji iuthr-rdtrébtg` ndmdl dstir bhapudstis phr cg`hs nd ibdrh glhxgnim`d h ibdrh ji`vilgzinh. ]DYTGRG^HR BTIL^G^I^GVHR
Kg`hldwth ls (Kl)
@gmris (@m)
Ag`áadtr _u`jini hs (aa) s (gl)
NGR^ILBGI ND ND^DLBGHL Ag`áadtr _u`jin hs (aa) is (gl)
=?
>4??
L.I
L.I
94
2>??
92.2
2???
L.I
L.I
>.>
9???
L.I
L.I
3
93??
L.I
]DRGR^DLBGI BHA_HLDL^D Budrni Rgltçtgbi Bgltis Rgltçtgbis Budrni nd bim`d adté`gbh. Ds`glji iuthrdtrébtg` dl prudmi nd fudrzi dstétgbi. Ds`glji iuthrdtrébtg` dl prudmi nd fudrzi ngléagbi. Ds`glji iuthrdtrébtg` dl prudmi nd rdlngagdlth ngléagbh.
NGIAD^]H
>.3
?.93:4
RTMRGR^DAI
]DYTGRG^HR BTIL^G^I^GVHR
L.I
9.2:=
4>
RTMRGR^DAI Irlçs nd budrph bhap`dth bhl ds`glji gltdjrini. Irlçs nd budrph bhap`dth bhl imshrmdnhr nd dldrjái gltdjri`. Ds`glji bhl imshrmdnhr nd dldrjái gltdjri`. @áldi nd vgni vdrtgbi` Birji nd _rudmi Bhldbthr frdlh nd biánis.
Bhldbthrds nd ds`gljis iuthrdtribtg`ds.
NGR^ILBGI ND NDRIBD@D]IBGH L Ag`áadtr _u`jin hs is
@HLJG^TN ND @I DR@GLJI
FTD]UI AISGAI ND ND^DBBGHL
Adtrhs
_gds
Kg`h Ldwthl
@gmris
=
6,6:
3
93??
9?6:
>=
L.I
3
93??
9?6:
>=
L.I
==.=
4???
L.I
@HLJG^TN DL^]D D@ F]DLH ND NGR^ILBGI ND FTD]UI AISGAI BGINI W D@ NDRIBD@D]IBGH ND ND^DBBGHL BHLDB^H] _I]I L ND^DLBGHL Ag`áadtr _u`jin _u`jin Kg`h @gmris Ag`áadtrhs hs is is Ldwthl 79> 26 3 93?? 92:= 4> @GAG^D ND ]D^]IBBGHL Ag`áadtrhs _u`jinis 69? =>
_rhbdngagdlth piri `i glspdbbgòl.
9. =. 2. >. 4. 6. :.
]dvgsgòl nd cheis nd vgni, vdrgfgbilnh bhcdrdlbgi nhbua nhbuadlth dlth vs prhnubth. Dl chei nd vgni vdrgfgbir hmsdrvibghlds iltdrghrds, glspdbbghlds, ailtdlgagdlths. Vdrgfgbir dstinh nd dtgqudtis y airbibghlds nd `hs bhaphldltds. Glspdbbgòl jdldri` nd prhnubth. Glspdbbgòl d`dadlths adté`gbhs. Glspdbbgòl d`dadlths tdxtg`ds. Glfhrad, rdbhadlnibghlds (ailtdlgagdlth prdvdltgvh, ailtdlgagdlth bhrrdbtgvh, fudri nd sdrvgbgh).
Vdr Ildxh J. Glspdbbgòl nd `hs bhaphldltds nd ul sgstdai nd prhtdbbgòl bhltri biánis.
Biribtdrástgbis i tdldr dl budlti builnh builnh sd glspdbbghlil bini ulh nd `hs bhaphldltds nd ul sgstdai nd prhtdbbgòl glngvgnui` bhltri biánis.
GLR_DBBGHL ND D@DADL^HR ^DS^G@DR
Glspdbbgòl Jdldri`
Ngadlsghlds (`irjh, ilbch, ngéadtrh) Dv Dvgn gndl dlbg bgi i nd nd ndfd fdbt bths hs gl glb` b`uy uydl dlnh nh nd ndsc scg`g`ib ibci ciag agdl dlth th,, ndsulgòl, ndsul gòl, ndsbh ndsbh`bcd, `bcd, thrbg thrbgagdlt agdlths hs jdldri jdldrinhs nhs phr bhrtds bhrtds y/h qudainuris phr bi`hr h quáagbhs. _rdsdlbgi nd sustilbgis dxtriùis. Niùhs jdldri`ds
Niùh dl triai (_rdsdlbgi nd ndscg`ibcd)
]gdsjh Mieh
Niùh dl Cg Niùh Cg`h `h nd sdju sdjurg rgni nin n ]gdsjh
Glspdbbgòl nd ]diti ]gdsjh Mieh ]gdsjh Adngh ]gdsjh I`th
Bhrtds (_r Bhrtds (_rdsd dsdlbg lbgi i nd bhr bhrtds tds chrgzhlti`ds y/h vdrtgbi`ds)
]gdsjh Mieh ]gdsjh I`th Niùhs phr Ibbgndltd
Niùh _rdvgh ndsjistd)
(_h (_hr
Bhrtd-
^dlsgòl
Niùh _rdvgh y ^dlsgòl
¿Dvgndlbgi nd` i`ai i trivçs nd `i fulni. ¿Vdrgfgbir qud d` ngéadtrh sdi chahjçldh.
Glspdbbgòl nd Budrni
]gdsjh I`th
GLR_DBBGHL ND NGR_HRG^GVHR AD^I@GBHR
Glspdbbgò Glspdb bgòl l nd ngs ngsphs phsgtg gtgvhs vhs ad adté` té`gbh gbhss ti` ti`ds ds bha bhah5 h5 Cdmg`` Cdmg``is, is, jil jilbch bchss nd sdjurgnin, ahsqudthlds, irjh``is, frdlhs y ndsbdlndnhrds. Ngadl gadlssghld ghldss (`ir (`irjh jh,, ilbch, ngéadtrh, bi`gmrd) Dv Dvgn gndl dlbg bgi i nd ndfd ndfdbt bths hs bhah ndfhraibgòl adbélgbi, imrisgòl. _rdsdlbgi nd sustilbgis dxtriùis. Dv Dvgn gndl dlbg bgi i nd ndfd ndfdbt bths hs qud ifdbtdl `i fulbghlimg`gnin u hpdribgòl nd `hs ngsphsgtgvhs adté`gbhs. @i iusdlbgi h g`djgmg`gnin nd `is airbibghlds. 9. _drngni nd` Uglb. _rdsdlbgi nd Ri`ds m`ilbis. ]dvgsir sg ciy prdsdlbgi nd Hx Hxggnibgòl dl `hs =. Glgbgh nd `i Hxgnibgòl. _rdsdlbgi nd _h`vh rheh. dqugphs. 2. Hxgnib Hxgnibgòl gòl.. _rd _rdsdl sdlbgi bgi nd Brgsti`ds. ]dvgsir sg ciy iusdlbgiGLR_DBBGHL h g`djgmg`gnND in I]LDR nd airbibghlds. @i iusdlbgi nd bui`qugdr d`dadlth qud ifdbtd `i fhrai, bipibgnin h fulbgòl nd` dqugph. I`tdribgòl, iusdlbgi nd pirtds h dvgndlbgi nd ndfdbths y/h niùhs dl `hs ngsphsgtgvhs adté`gbhs. Ngadlsghlds (Ilbch nd `is bhrrdis). Bhstur Bhs turis, is, dap dapi`a i`ads ds y ulg ulghld hldss sgl dvg dvgndl ndlbgi bgi nd ndfdbt ndf dbths hs h niù niùhs, hs, glb glb`uy `uydlnh dlnh nds ndscg` cg`ibc ibciag iagdlt dlth, h, prdsdlbgi nd lunhs, pultinis qudmrinis h tgrinis, d`hljibgòl dxbdsgvi.
_rhbdngagdlth piri rdi`gzir Ailtdlgagdlth. Vdr Ildxh C. F`uehjriai piri d` ailtdlgagdlth nd `hs bhaphldltds y dqugphs bhltri biánis. Vdr Ildxh G. ]djgstrh nd glspdbbgòl nd dqugph nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` piri d` trimieh sdjurh dl i`turi.
JTGI _I]I D@ AIL^DLGAGDL^H ND @HR BHA_HLDL^DR W DYTG_HR BHL^]I BIGNIR
_iri ``dvir i bimh d` prhbdngagdlth nd ailtdlgagdlth ds ldbdsirgh tdldr ul brhlhjriai nd glspdbbghlds, nhbuadltilnh d` dstinh nd `hs dqugphs y `is rdspdbvis hmsdrvibghlds.
Glspdbbgòl nd `hs dqugphs y sus bhaphldltds
R I N G I B I ] ^ L H B R H _ G T Y D W R D ^ L D L H _ A H B R H @ D N H ^ L D G A G L D ^ L I A
Ailtdlgagdlth _rdvdlvh
Ds bhlfhrad8
RG LH
Rd d`gagli lh bhlfhragnin bhl Ailtdlgagdlth prdvdlvh8
LH
@hs
Fudri nd Rdrvgbgh LH
Ailtdlgagdlth _rdvdltgvh.
Budrnis, rditis (Irlçs, ds`gljis).
bhaphldltds y/h dqug ph shl rdbupdrim`ds8
RG Ailtdlgagdlth Bhrrdbvh
RG
_iri `i `gapgdzi5
9. _rdpird uli sh`ubgòl bhlfhraini bhl ijui i lh aés nd 4?¿B, eimòl nd pC ldutrh y ul ndsglfdbtiltd (qud lh itiqud quáagbiadltd `is fgmris nd` dqugph) dl ul rdbgpgdltd nd tiaiùh sufgbgdltd piri suadrjgr `hs dqugphs i `ivir. =. Ruadrei `hs dqugphs dl `i sh`ubgòl y nçed`hs dl rdaheh phr aálgah > chris y aéxgah 3 chris. 2. Frhtd `hs d`dadlths tdxtg`ds dltrd sg y rdtgrd `hs d`dadlths ilòai`hs nd `hs d`dadlths adté`gbhs, lh usd bdpg``hs lg supdrfgbgds imrisgvis. >. Dleuijud bhl imulniltd ijui. 4. Bh`hqud i sdbir i `i shamri `dehs nd fudltds ngrdbtis nd bi`hr, Dl ul `ujir qud prdfdrgm`dadltd buap`i bhl `is sgjugdltds bhlngbghlds5 Frdsbh y sdbh @dehs nd fudltds ngrdbtis nd bi`hr bhah chrlhs, dstufis, sh`, bi`ndris, dtb. @dehs nd d`dadlths bhrth-pulziltds bhah bubcg``hs, livieis, cdrriagdlti bhl fg`h, dtb. @dehs nd d`dadlths quáagbhs bhah ébgnh látrgbh h su`fõrgbh, y bhapudsths i misd nd `hs ébgnhs adlbghlinhs. Tl `ujir dspdbáfgbh dl nhlnd sd pudnil bh`hbir `hs dqugphs bh`jinhs. D`dadlths adté`gbhs (Cdmg``is, ahsqudthlds, irjh``is, frdlhs, ndspdlndnhrds). LH^I5 Iltds nd `umrgbir rdi`gzir `gapgdzi. `gapgdzi. 9. Dl ds dsti tinh nh nd hxg hxgni nibg bgòl òl55
Rg ciy prdsdlbgi nd si`ds m`ilbis `ivd bhl ijui. Rg ciy prdsdlbgi nd ph`vh rheh ip`gqud y `gapgd bhl ibdgtd. Rg ciy prdsdlbgi nd brgsti`ds ndmd sdr rdahvgnh nd sdrvgbgh.
=. _iri `i `umrg `umrgbibgò bibgòl l (Rh`h ip`gbi ip`gbi piri piri pirtds pirtds adté`gbis adté`gbis qud tdljil tdljil d`dadl d`dadlths ths aòvg`ds bhah shl jilbchs y ahsqudthlds)5
Vdrgfgbir qud lh tdlji rdsgnuhs nd irdli, bdadlth, pglturi u htrhs aitdrgi`ds dl `is pirtds aòvg`ds. Ingbghld ul `umrgbiltd dl `is pirtds aòvg`ds aòvg`ds nd` dqugph. Ibbghld dl rdpdtgnis hbisghlds `is pirtds pirtds `umrgbinis. ]dtgrd `hs dxbdshs nd `umrgbiltd. ]dvgsd d` bhrrdbth fulbghliagdlth nd` d`dadlth adté`gbh.
Vdr Ildxh E. ]djgstrh nd ailtdlgagdlth i dqugphs nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` bhltri biánis.
D@DADL^HR ND _]H^DBBGÒL _D]RHLI@ _I]I ^]IMIEH DL I@^T]IR. mrglniré ré `hs d`d d`dadl adlths ths nd prh prhtdb tdbbgò bgòl l glngvg glngvgnui nui`` ldb ldbdsi dsirgh rghss piri piri `i _G@IAHGL RIR mrglni dedbubgòl sdjuri nd `is tirdis dl i`turis.
Bisbh bhl rdsgstdlbgi y imshrbgòl iltd gapibths, sdjõl `i ldbdsgnin phnrél sdr ngd`çb ngd `çbtrg trgbhs bhs;; bhl bhltir tiré é bhl mirmu mirmuqud qudeh eh nd trds pul pulths ths nd iph iphyh yh fimrgbinh fimrgbinh bhl aitdrgi`ds rdsgstdltds qud fgedl d` bisbh i `i bimdzi y dvgtdl su ahvgagdlth h biáni.
Jifi Ji fiss nd sdjur djurggnin nin qud qud prh rhttdeil deil i `h `hss he hehs hs nd gap apib ibtths hs,, ri riyyhs TV, nds`uamriagdlth, sg shl ldbdsirgis.
_rhtdbbgòl iungtgvi sg ds ldbdsirgi.
Juiltds iltgnds`gziltds, f`dxgm`ds nd i`ti rdsgstdlbgi i `i imrisgòl.
Mhti iltgnds`gziltd y htrhs rdqudrgagdlths sdjõl `i ibtgvgnin dbhlòagbi y d` hfgbgh.
*(@hs D`dadlths nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` sd ndfgldl iquá nd fhrai jdldri`, rdvgsd `hs rgdsjhs y bhlngbghlds nd `i tirdi y rdbhagdlnd `hs d`dadlths nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` indbuinhs piri d` ndsirrh``h nd dsti).
AILDEH ND BHL^]I^GR^IR. _G@IAHGL RIR pir piri i d` ail aildeh deh nd `hs bhltr bhltritg itgsti stiss y/h dstun dstungil giltds tds jiri jiriltg ltgzir ziri i ul iamgdl iam gdltd td nd tri trimie mieh h sdj sdjurh urh bhl adn adngni gniss nd p`i p`ildi ldibgò bgòl, l, bhhrng bhhrnglib libgòl gòl y sup supdrv drvgsg gsgòl, òl, tdlgdlnh dl budlti `hs sgjugdltds ispdbths5 Hm`gjibghlds y ]dsphlsimg`gninds nd` Bhltritgsti y/h Dstungiltd5
_rdsdltir `hs nhbuadlths qud sustdltil `i ifg`gibgòl i `i sdjurgnin shbgi`. _rdsdltir d` bdrtgfgbinh piri ndsirrh``ir trimiehs dl i`turis d` bui` sd hmtgdld adngiltd bipibgtibgòl h phr bdrtgfgbibgòl nd` hrjilgsah bhapdtdltd. Tt Ttg`g`gz gzir ir `is `is ad adng ngni niss nd prdv prdvdl dlbg bgòl òl y pr prht htdb dbbg bgòl òl bh bhlt ltri ri bi bián ánis is qud qud sd sdil il gap`dadltinis phr d` dap`dinhr. Buap`gr thnhs `hs prhbdngagdlths nd si`un y sdjurgnin dl d` trimieh dstim`dbgnhs phr d` dap`dinhr. _irtgbgpir dl `i d`imhribgòl y d` ng`gjdlbgiagdlth nd` pdragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis, isá bhah ibitir `is ngsphsgbghlds nd` agsah.
@hs d`dadlths dsdlbgi`ds piri piri `i dedbubgòl nd ``is is ibtgvgninds dl i`turis qu qudd ndmdl jiriltgzir `hs bhltritgstis y/h dstungiltds shl5
Bisbh bhl rdsgstdlbgi y imshrbgòl iltd gapibths, sdjõl `i ldbdsgnin phnrél sdr ngd`çb ngd `çbtrg trgbhs bhs;; bhl bhltir tiré é bhl mirmu mirmuqud qudeh eh nd trds pul pulths ths nd iph iphyh yh fimrgbinh fimrgbinh bhl aitdrgi`ds rdsgstdltds qud fgedl d` bisbh i `i bimdzi y dvgtdl su ahvgagdlth h biáni. Jifi Ji fiss nd sdjur djurggnin nin qud qud prh rhttdeil deil i `h `hss he hehs hs nd gap apib ibtths hs,, ri riyyhs TV, nds`uamriagdlth, sg shl ldbdsirgis.
_rhtdbbgòl iungtgvi sg ds ldbdsirgi. Juiltds iltgnds`gziltds, f`dxgm`ds nd i`ti rdsgstdlbgi i `i imrisgòl. Mhti iltgnds`gziltd y htrhs rdqudrgagdlths sdjõl `i ibtgvgnin dbhlòagbi y d` hfgbgh.
Hm`gjibghlds y ]dsphlsimg`gninds nd` Bhhrnglinhr nd RJ-RR^ frdltd i` aildeh nd bhltritgstis y/h dstungiltds5
Vdrgfgbir `i ifg`gibgòl nd` bhltritgsti y/h dstungiltd i `i sdjurgnin shbgi`. Vdrgfgbir qud d` bhltritgsti y/h dstungiltd i rdi`gzir `is ibtgvgninds nd trimieh dl i`turis buap`i bhl `i bdrtgfgbibgòl y rdqugsgths dstim`dbgnhs dl `i ]dsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=. Vdrg Vd rgfgfgbi birr qud qud `is `is bhln bhlngb gbgh ghld ldss nd `hs `hs dqug dqugph phss nd pr prht htdb dbbg bgòl òl y sgst sgstda dais is nd prdvdlbgòl prdvd lbgòl y prhtdb prhtdbbgòl bgòl dstçl dl òptga òptgais is bhlngbghld bhlngbghldss y jiriltgbdl jiriltgbdl `hs rdqugs rdqugsgths gths dstim`dbgnhs phr `i rdsh`ubgòl 9>?7 nd =?9=. ]di`gzir uli glnubbgòl jdldri` shmrd `i daprdsi5 _h`átgbi nd sdjurgnin. ]gdsjhs dxgstdltds. Lhrais mésgbis nd sdjurgnin. D`dadlths D`dad lths nd _rhtdb _rhtdbbgòl bgòl _drshl _drshli` i` hm`gjit hm`gjithrghs hrghs piri d` gljrds gljrdsh h i `i zhli
nd hpdribgòl. _`il nd dadrjdlbgis nd `i daprdsi.
_@IL ND DAD]JDLBGIR. _G@IAHGL RIR bhlhbgdlnh `hs rgdsjhs i `hs qud dstél dxpudsths `hs trimieinhrds dl `i dedbubgòl nd `is tirdis dl i`turis glb`uyd ndltrh nd` p`il nd dadrjdlbgis ibtgvgninds qud sd pudnil dedbutir y qud jiriltgbdl uli rdspudsti hrjilgzini y sdjuri iltd bui`qugdr glbgndltd h ibbgndltd qud sd pudni prdsdltir dl d` sgtgh nd trimieh, glb`uydlnh ul p`il nd rdsbitd. ]dbhadlnibghlds jdldri`ds. Ds gaphrtiltd piri `i jdldribgòl nd ul p`il nd rdsbitd qud sd ili`gbdl `hs sgjugdltds fibthrds5 _hsgm`ds dsbdlirghs qud sd pudndl prdsdltir dl d` `ujir nd trimieh. Bhlhbgagdlth y bhapdtdlbgi nd` pdrshli` qud rdi`gzirái d` rdsbitd. Bhlngbghlds jdldri`ds y dspdbáfgbis nd` `ujir nd trimieh.
I tdldr dl budlti5
^rimieinhr dl dstinh nd glbhlsbgdlbgi5 dl dstd bish lh sd pudnd vi`hrir sg sufrgò ifdbtibgòl bdrdmri`ds y/h dl `i bh`uali, phr tilth i` ahvg`gzir`h sgl `is ndmgni ndm gniss prdb prdbiub iubghl ghlds ds sd `d pud pudnd nd ibr ibrdbd dbdlti ltirr `i `ds `dsgòl gòl,, ds prd prdfdr fdrgm` gm`d d nir ibhapi ibh apiùia ùiagdl gdlth th i` ibb ibbgnd gndlti ltinh nh y dsp dspdrir drir pdr pdrshl shli` i` bha bhapdt pdtdlt dltd d piri piri ti`
sgtuibgòl.
^rimieinh ^rimie inhrr bhl rds rdspud pudsti sti i dst dstáau áau`hs `hs55 sdr sdré é ldb ldbdsi dsirgh rgh qud uli pdr pdrshl shli i bhap bhapdt dtdl dltd td `h ibha ibhapi piùd ùd y mrgl mrglnd nd ip iphy hyh, h, gn gndl dltgtgfgfgbi biln lnh h `i `iss bh bhln lngb gbgh ghld ldss bhjlgtgvis (Dspibgh, pdrshli, tgdaph), nd ahvg`gnin y sdlsgmg`gnin (agdamrh supdrghr d glfdrghr) agdltris ``dji d` jruph nd rdsbitd.
Rg d` trimieinhr ifdbtinh sd dlbudltri h lh dl sgtuibgòl nd pélgbh. ^dlji dl budlti `is sgjugdltds rdbhadlnibghlds5 Dltrdjir glngbibghlds b`iris, sdlbg``is, bhlbrdtis nd bhaphrtiagdlths i sdjugr dl d` ndsirrh``h nd `i dadrjdlbgi. Dvgtir dl `i dadrjdlbgi y su ndsirrh``h sdùi`ds dxijdrinis nd pd`gjrh, qud pudndl sdr fudltd nd pélgbh piri d` glngvgnuh. Dl sgtuibghlds sgtuibghlds nd pélgbh pélgbh,, cisti qud dsti lh sdi bhltrh bhltrh`ini, `ini, dvgtd d` bhltibth ngrdbth bhl d` ibbgndltinh, d` pélgbh dl dstd pudnd jdldrir ul ibbgndltd aiyhr.
Ndfglgr prhbdngagdlth nd rdsbitd5 Iuth rdsbitd. Rgstdai nd tribbgòl adbélgbi isgstgni phr sgstdai nd bim`d h budrni. Rgstdais nd rdsbitd usilnh uli p`itifhrai d`dvinhri. Rgstdai nd rdsbitd bhl ndsbdlsh nd rdsbitgsti. ]dsbitd isgstgnh h rdahth. Ndfglgr dqugphs y jruph nd rdsbitd.
_rhbdngagdlth mésgbh _`il nd ]dsbitd.
Vdr Ildxh K. _rhbdngagdlth Mésgbh piri rdsbitd.
_]HBDNGAGDL^H _]HBDNGAG DL^H MIRGBH _I]I ]DRBI^D
Gap Gap`da `dadl dltir,dlt tir,dltrd rdlir lir y bipib bipibgtir gtir i` pd pdrsh rshli` li` dld` prhbdn prhbdngagd gagdlt lth h nd rdsbitd rdsbitd,, d` bui` sd ndmdcibdr ndmdcibdr tdlgd tdlgdln lnh h dl budl budlti ti `is bhlngbghlds jdldri`ds jdldri`ds y dspdbgf bis nd `ujir nd trimieh. I G B L D J ] D A D I @ D N R D ^ L I
Gndlfq Gndlfqud ud `hs jr jrup uphs hs h `ál `áld dis nd dad dadrjdl rjdlbgi bgi qu qud d pu pudn dnil il isgsr`h nurilt nuriltd d uli uli dvdl dvdltu tui`gnin i`gnin dld` `ujir `ujir nd trimieh trimieh,, bhah bhah Mhamdrhs, Bruz ]hei, Nddlsi Bgvg`. _rddrgm`dadl _rdd rgm`dadltd td rdi`g rdi`g bd ul bhltibth glgbgi ` b hl dstis dlninds piri qud bhlhzbil su umgb ibgòl y phsgm`ds dvdlt dvdltui`gninds. ui`gninds.
] dv dv g s d, il i i`` g bdd g n dl dl f fq qu ud d ` is v áis áis n dibbd dibbds s h y dvibu dvibuibg ibg òl òl n d d`` ` u jir jir n dt rim rim ieh ieh , dl p rh rh n d` i bh bhh h rrn n g libg libg òl òl n d` h s dq ug ug p hs hs nd dadrjdlbgi dadrjdlbgi .
Gn nd dl f fq qu ud d ` is bh bhap apd dtdl bgis bgis n d d`` p d drr s hl hl i i`` p i irr i p h hl ld drr dl air bc bc i d` p ` il il n d da dad dr jdl jdlbg bg i y is g jl jld ` is r d ds s ph ph ls ls img img ` g nin nin ds ds sdjõl dstis. Vdrgfqu Vdrgfqud d pdrgò pdrgòngbia ngbiadl dltd td d` dstinh dstinh,, um umgbibgòl gbibgòl y ip`gbibgò ip`gbibgòl l nd `hs dqugp dqugphs hs bhl bhl qud qud budlt budlti i piri `i rd rdi`gzibgò i`gzibgòl l nd` nd` rd rdsbitd sbitd,, bhah `h shl5 dqugphs nd i`turi, dqugphs nd ]B_, sdùi`gzibghlds, dtb.
Glhrad i` pdrshli` dlbirjinh nd `i itdlbgòl nd dadrjdlbgis ]di`gbd `i vi`hribgòl nd` ibbgndltinh y `i phsgmg`gnin nd rdi`gzir5 - Iuthrdsbitd - ]dsbitd isgsnh h rdahth - ]dsbitd phr ul dqugph dspdbgi`gzinh
Glhra Glhrad d nd `i sgtuibgòl sgtuibgòl55 i` sup supdr drvgsh vgshrr y dlbirj dlbirjinh inh ndRi`un Hbu Hbupibgh pibghli`,dstim li`,dstim`d `dzbi zbi qudpisò, qudpisò, bhlngbgò bhlngbgòl l nd `hs idbt idbtinh inhs, s, dqugphs y iphyh rdqudrgnhs, g lhrad d` `u jir dxibth nhlnd subdndl `hs cdbchs.
] ds b i td i s g s nh h r dahth
]dsbitd dqugph dspdbgi`gzinh
Dl b ish nd r dqudr g r bh bhau aul l ááq qu ud ds d bh bhl l d` j ru ru ph ph
Dl bish nd r dq udr g r bh bhau aul l áq áq ud uds d bh bhl l d` j ru ru ph ph
n d dad dadr jd jdl b bgg i y s h` h` g bg td td s u iphyh.
n d da dad dr jd jdl bg bg i y s h `g `g bg td td s u iphyh.
Rh` gb gb g td td vi ` hr hr i bg bg òl òl nd` ibbgn ibbgn d dl l ttin in h p h hrr p d drr s hl hl i i`` bipibgtinh y/h bhapdtdltd.
Ijrup Ijrupd d i` dqugph dqugph ndrdsbit ndrdsbitd d y ndf l li i ` hs hs rh ` ds ds nd bi ni ni gltdjriltd5 - @ándr. - _drs hli ` nd i phyh dl drri. - _dr s hl hli ` n d b hltrh` nd váis y ibbdshs. - _dr s hl hli ` qud r di ``gg zi zi d` rdsbitd dl i`turis y iphyh i `hs agsahs.
Ijr jrup upd d i` dqugp dqugph h ndrdsbit ndrdsbitd d y ndf li li ` hs hs r h h`` ds ds n d b in in i gltdjriltd5 - `ándr - _dr s hl i ` nd ip hyh dl drri - _ dr s hl hli ` nd b hl tr h` nd váis y ibbdshs
Dl bis h n dbián dbián i ` g mr mr dr d dr r d d` dqug ph n d s drvg b g h y d q qu udtd b ha hah "udr i nd sdrvgbgh"
Nd Nds s pd pded ` is v áis áis n d ibb ibbds dsh hy s dùi ` g b d d` é r di i gltdrvdlgr.
Nd Nds s p ded` ded` is v ááis is n d ibbd ibbds sh y s dù i ` g bd d` é r di i gltdrvdlgr.
]d ]di`gbd i`gbd d` prhbd prhbdngagd ngagdlth lth nd rdsbitd sdjõl d` dsbdlirgh.
Ibh bhap apiù iùd d i` ibb ibbgg n dl dl tin tinh h ag dl dl tr tr is ` ` dj dj i d` dq ug ug p h n d rdsbitd dspdbgi` dspdbgi` gzinh.
Rh` gb gbg td td vi ` hr hr i bg òl òl nd` ibbg nd ndl ttin inh h p hr hr p dr dr s hl hl i` i` bipibgtinh y/h bhapdtdltd.
Rh` gb gb gt gtd vi `h `hr i bg bg òl òl nd` ibbgn ibbgn dl dl tin tin h p hr hr p dr dr s hl hl i` i` bipibgtinh y/h bhapdtdltd.
D l bis h n dbiá dbián n i ` g mr mr dr d dr r d d` dqug p h nd s dr vg b g h y d q qu udtd b ha hah "udri nd sdrvgbgh"
Dl bis h n dbián dbián i ` g mr mr dr d dr r d d` dqug ph ph n d s drvg b g h y d qu qudtd b ha hah "u dr i nd sdrvgbgh"
Iuthr ds b i td
Ibha Ibhapiù piùd d i` ibbgnd ibbgndltinh ltinh y p rrds dsttd is ds ds h rá rá i n u urr ilt iltd ` i dedbubgòl nd `i ailghmri.
I G B L D J ] D A D I @ D ^ L I ] T N
]dbhjgni, bgdrrd y bcdqudh nd dqugphs. I G B L D J ] D A D I @ D N R D T _
Vdrgfqu Vdrgfqud d qu qud d `hs dqugph dqugphs s dstçl stçl bhap`d bhap`dth ths; s; dl bish nd ul niùh niùh rd rdpò pòrt rtd`h d`h i` bhhrngl bhhrnglinh inhrr nd` nd` RJ-R RJ-RR^ R^ y dqu dquçt çtd d`hs bhl `i risd "FTD]I ND RD]VGBGH".
]dbhei thnis `is bgltis y is djuriagdlth djuriagdlths s nd` érdi.
R D N
Vdrgfqud Vdrgfqud `i s b hlngbghlds nd hrndl hrndl y isdh nd` é rdi.
Glvdsjibgòl nd` Dvdlth (Ibbgndltd- Glbgndltd).
RDJTGAGDL^H I _]HJ]IAI ND _]DVDLBGHL W _]H^DBBGHL BHL^]I BIGNIR DL I@^T]IR. _iri d` sdjugagdlth sdjugagdlth nd` prhjria prhjriai i nd prdvdlbgò prdvdlbgòl l y prhtdbbgòl prhtdbbgòl bhltr bhltri i biánis dl i`turi i`turiss _G@IAHGL RIR bhltiri bhl `hs rdjgstrhs y nhbuadltibgòl ldbdsirgi qud shphrtd5
Glvdltirgh Glvdl tirgh nd `is tirdis rdi`g rdi`gzinis zinis ndltr ndltrh h nd `i daprds daprdsi i qud gap`gbil rgds rgdsjh jh nd biáni dl i`turi. Glfhrads shmrd bhlngbghlds pd`gjrhsis hmsdrvinis y `hs bhltrh`ds dstim`dbgnhs. _dragsh nd trimieh dl i`turis. Glspdbbghlds nd d`dadlths nd prhtdbbgòl pdrshli` y nd sgstdais nd prdvdlbg prdvdlbgòl òl y prhtdbbgòl. Glv lvds dstg tgji jibg bgòl òl nd ib ibbbgndl gndltd tdss, cib cibgdln gdlnh h çl çlffis isgs gs dl d` ds dsti tinh nh nd `i `iss rdbhadlnibghlds nd dsths dvdlths. ]djgstrh y bhltrh` nd trimieinhrds bdrtgfgbinhs dl trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis. ]djgstrh y bhltrh` nd `hs bhltritgstis y/h dstungiltds.
I bhltgluibgòl sd prhphldl i`julhs glngbinhrds piri d` sdjugagdlth i` prhjriai nd prdvdlbgòl y prhtdbbgòl bhltri biáni, misinhs dl `i ndfglgbgòl nd glngbinhrds qud dvi`õil `i dstrubturi, d` prhbdsh y `hs rdsu`tinhs nd` sgstdai nd jdstgòl nd sdjurgnin y si`un dl d` trimieh, ndfglgnhs phr d` Ndbrdth 9?:= nd =?94.
GLNGBINH]
AD^HNH ND BI@BT@H
Buap`gagdlth nd `hs hmedtgvhs nd` prhjriai
L ¿ Hmedtgvhs buap`gnhs Ú 9?? L ¿ Hmedtgvhs p`iltdinhs
Glvdltirgh nd `is tirdis dl i`turis i dedbutir
L ¿ ^irdis Ludvis i Dedbutir Ú 9?? L ¿ ^irdis Gndltgfgbinisi Gndltgfgbinis i Dedbutir
_rhjriaibgòl y buap`gagdlth nd `hs pdragshs nd trimieh
L ¿ _dragshsnd _dragshs nd trimieh dedbutinhs Ú 9?? L ¿ _dragshs nd trimieh p`ildinhs
F]DBTDLBGI ND ADNGBGHL
AD^ I
]DR_HLRIM@D
Ilui`
7?%
Bhhrnglinhr RJRR^
Rdadstri`
7?%
Bhhrnglinhr RJRR^ Bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis
Adlsui`
7?%
Bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis
7?%
Bhhrnglinhr RJRR^ Bhhrnglinhr nd trimieh dl i`turis
7?%
Bhhrnglinhr RJRR^
7?%
Bhhrnglinhr RJRR^
7?%
Bhhrnglinhr RJRR^
Ndfgld daprdsi Glspdbbgòl y nd L ¿ Glspdbbghl y ailtdlgagdlth nd D__ y R_B dedbutinh nd ibudrnh i `i ailtdlgagdlth prhjriaibgòl L ¿ Glspdbbghl y ailtdlgagdlth nd D__ y R_B p`ildinh nd trimieh dl D__ y R_BB i`turis Bhmdrturi nd L ¿ Dxiadlds adngbhs rdi`gzinhs rdi`gzinhs dxéadlds Ú 9?? Rdadstri` açngbhs L ¿ Dxiadlds adngbhs _rhjriainhs hbupibghli`ds. Bhmdrturi nd` L ¿ ^rimieinhrds ^rimieinhrds fhrainhs Ú 9?? _rhjriai nd Ilui` L ¿ ^r ^rimieinhrds imieinhrds _rhjriainhs fhraibgòl Bhmdrturi nd trimieinhrds L ¿ ^r ^rimieinhrdsbdrtgfgbinhs imieinhrdsbdrtgfgbinhs Ú 9?? bdrtgfgbinhs dl Rdadstri` L ¿ ^rimieinhrdsi ^ri mieinhrdsi bdrtgfgbir trimieh sdjurh dl i`turis
Ngsphlgmg`gnin nd rdburshs dl bish nd dadrjdlbgis (_`il nd rdsbitd) Dvi`uibgòl nd `is ibbghlds prdvdltgvis y bhrrdbtgvis
L ¿ ^r ^rimieinhrdsbdrtgfgbinhs imieinhrdsbdrtgfgbinhs Ú 9?? L ¿ ^rimieinhrdsi ^rimieinhrdsi bdrtgfgbir
Ndfgld daprdsi nd ibudrnh i `i prhjriaibgòl nd trimieh dl i`turis
7?%
Bhhrnglinhr RJRR^
L ¿ ^r ^rimieinhrdsbdrtgfgbinhs imieinhrdsbdrtgfgbinhs L ¿ ^rimieinhrdsi ^rimieinhrdsi bdrtgfgbir Ú 9??
Rdadstri`
7?%
Bhhrnglinhr RJRR^
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