Programa de Modificación de Conducta

^ZACZHEH  

^ZACZHEH @K HMÈFOWOW, HWKWAZHEOKMPA _ HGP[HGO×M ^HZH FH EA@OIOGHGO×M @K GAM@[GPH Bkrrheokmths y arokmthgoamks phrh omtkrvkmor hmtk prajfkehs `k gaepartheokmta

H^KFFO@AW _ MAEJZK4 MOYKF _ CZ[^A4 P[PAZ4 GKMPZA4

GAAZ@OMH@AZ4 G[ZWA :>…… / ……

Hutar `kf pracrheh4 Hsks ksa arh `kf

Eamtksomas

G^Z

Duhm ^k`ra Ehrtåmkz Zhe÷m Eur urg goh O4   Eª Eª @a @afa fark rks s Burth`a

 

@K EA@OIOGHGO×M @K @K GAM@[GPH ^ZACZHEH @K

 

7H

ÅM@OGK ^èc. ^ZACZHEH @K HMÈFOWOW, HWKWAZHEOKMPA _ HGP[HGO×M ^HZH FH EA@OIOGHGO×M @K7H GAM@[GPH ^racrheh O. ^ZKWKMPHGO×M

;

OO. D[WPOIOGHGO×M

;

OOO. GHZHGPKZÅWPOGHW @KF ^ZACZHEH

3

OY. AJDKPOYAW 0.8. @ksgropgo÷m 0.8.8. Ajdktova ckmkrhf 0.8.:. Ajdktovas kspkgåiogas

3 3 3 2

Y. GAMPKMO@AW

?

YO. EKPA@AFACÅH 9.8. ^romgopoas ckmkrhfks 9.:. Zkgursas buehmas 9.7. Zkgursas ehtkrohfks 9.0. Ksphgoas 9.;. Hspkgtas tkeparhfks 9.9. Hcrupheokmtas

8> 8> 8: 87 87 87 87

YOO. MAZEHW YOO.  MAZEHW @K H@EOMOWPZHGO×M H@EOMOWPZHGO×M

87

YOOO.@KWPOMHPHZOAW YOOO. @KWPOMHPHZOAW

80

ROR. H^FOGHGOAMKW

80

R. KYHF[HGO×M

8;

RO. ZKG[ZWAW 88.8. Jojfoacrhiåh 88.:. Zkgursas fkcosfhtovas 88.7. Zkgursas `ocothfks

89 89 83 83

:

 

^racrheh 7H @AWWOKZ @K OMPKZYKMGO×M H. EHPKZOHF X[K GAE^AMK KF @AWWOKZ 

:>

J. ^HWAW @KF ^ZACZHEH 7H

:8

EA@K EA @KFA FA 8

ZKCO ZK COWP WPZA ZA @K FH @K @KEH EHM@ M@H H

:7

EA@K EA @KFA FA :

GAAZ GA AZ@O @OMH MHGO GO×M ×M @K FAW FAW HCK HCKMP MPKW KW OE^F OE^FOG OGH@ H@AW AW

:;

EA@K EA @KFA FA 7

HMÈF HM ÈFOW OWOW OW @K FH GA GAM@ M@[G [GPH PH KM GF GFHW HWK K

:3

EA@K EA @KFA FA 0

HMÈF HM ÈFOW OWOW OW @K FH GA GAM@ M@[G [GPH PH KM GH GHWH WH

:?

EA@K EA @KFA FA ;

GAMW GA MWOW OWPK PKMG MGOH OH KMPZ KMPZK K FHW AJW AJWKZ KZYH YHGO GOAM AMKW KW

78

EA@K EA @KFA FA 9

HWKW HW KWAZ AZHE HEOK OKMP MPA A H FH FH IHEO IHEOFO FOH H

77

EA@K EA @KFA FA 3

HWKW HW KWAZ AZHE HEOK OKMP MPA A HF HF ^ZA ^ZAIK IKWA WAZH ZH@A @A

70

EA@K EA @KFA FA 2

HWKWAZ HWKW AZHE HEOK OKMP MPA A WAJZ WAJZK K FHW FHW ^ZOM ^ZOMGO GO^H ^HFK FKW W PÏGMOGHW

79

WKFKGG WKF KGGO×M O×M @K FHW PÏ PÏGMO GMOGHW GHW @K EA@ EA@OIO OIOGHG GHGO×M O×M

7?

EA@KFA EA@ KFA ?

EA@K EA @KFA FA 8> 8> WK WKFK FKGG GGO× O×M M @K ZKI ZKIAZ AZTH TH@A @AZK ZKW W

0>

EA@KFA EA@ KFA 88 WKC[OE WKC[OEOKM OKMPA PA WKE WKEHMH HMHF F @KF @KF HF[EM HF[EMA/H A/H KM KM KF GKMPZA

07

EA@KFA EA@ KFA 8: WKC WKC[OE [OEOKM OKMPA PA IHEO IHEOFOH FOHZ Z @KF @KF HYHMG HYHMGK K KWGAF KWGAFHZ  HZ 

02

EA@KFA 87 WKC[OE EA@KFA WKC[OEOKM OKMPA PA WKE WKEHMH HMHF F @KF @KF HF[EM HF[EMA/H A/H KM KM GHWH GHWH EA@K EA @KFA FA 80 GA GAMP MPZH ZHPA PA GA GAM@ M@[G [GP[ P[HF HF

0? ;0

EA@K EA @KFA FA 8; PÏ PÏGM GMOG OGHW HW @K ZK ZKFH FHDH DHGO GO×M ×M

;;

EA@K EA @KFA FA 89 89 KY KYHF HF[H [HGO GO×M ×M @K @KF F ^ZAC ^ZACZH ZHEH EH

;3

EA@K EA @KFA FA 83 83 WK WKC[ C[OE OEOK OKMP MPA A @KF @KF ^ZAC ^ZACZH ZHEH EH

;?

 

^ZACZHEH @K HMÈFOWOW, HWKWAZHEOKMPA _ HGP[HGO×M ^HZH FHGAM@[GPH EA@OIOGHGO×M @K ^r acr heh 7H

 

^ZKWKM WKMPHG PHGO×M O×M O. ^ZK Kf socuokmtk `aguekmta gamstotuyk um `assokr prkphrh`a phrh fh omtkrvkmgo÷m y fh puksth km  prègtogh `k um pracrheh `k hsksarheokm hsksarheokmta ta h ph`rks y praiksarks `k hfuemas y hfuemhs gam mkgkso`h`ks kspkgåioghs `k hpaya k`ughtova phrh fh ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth. Kstk `assokr omgfuyk umh skrok `k bkrrheokmths phrh ffkvhr h ghja `ogba pracrheh. Kstk pracrheh `ksghmsh sajrk trks pofhrks ium`hekmthfks quk sk utofozhm phrh bhgkr  irkmtk h fh prajfkeètogh h fh quk mas kmirkmtheas4 kf hmèfosos `k fh sotuhgo÷m, kf hsksarheokmta h fas `ovkrsas hckmtks k`ughtovas oepfogh`as y, par ôftoea, fhs hgtuhgoamks `orkgths k om`orkgths quk sk ffkvhrèm h ghja. @k hbå quk kf pracrheh rkgojh kf maejrk hjrkvoh`a `k ‖^racrheh 7H―. OO. D[WP D[WPOIOGH OIOGHGO×M GO×M Fh kfhjarhgo÷m `k kstk pracrheh `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth tokmk gaea ajdktova `hr rkspuksth h fh `kehm`h kekrckmtk par phrtk `k `agkmtks y iheofohs `k ekdarhr kf gfoeh km kf hufh. Kf phmarheh hgtuhf `kf sostkeh k`ughtova eukstrh umh prajfkeètogh quk pkrturjh fh gamvovkmgoh thmta km kf gkmtra gaea km ghsh. Fas prajfkehs `k gam`ugth puk`km skr eastrh`as par guhfquokr hfuema km um eaekmta eaek mta gamg gamgrkta rkta humquk jokm ks gokrt gokrtaa quk kxos kxostkm tkm umh skrok `k ihgta ihgtarks rks quk rkpkrgutkm rkpkrgutkm mkchtovhekmtk mkchtovhek mtk km fh sotuhgo÷m quk `ksgrojoeas. Km kstk trhjhda mas gkmtrhrkeas km hqukffas hfuemas/hs gam mkgkso`h`ks kspkgåioghs `k hpaya k`ughtova y `k g÷ea ks pasojfk hsksarhr h ph`rks, praiksarks y hfuemas phrh su ekdarh gam`ugtuhf y hgtotu`omhf. Fhs gamgfusoamks kxtrhå`hs `k kstk pracrheh pracrheh puk`km skr utofozh`hs h fh barh `k `oskøhr kf pfhm `k gamvovkmgoh `k gh`h gkmtra. Ffkch`as h kstk pumta, pumta, ghjk `kgor quk gamtrafhr gamtrafhr fhs vhrohjfks hejokmthfks hejokmthfks thejoïm mas puk`k hyu`hr h phfohr, omtkrvkmor y prkvkmor fas prajfkehs `k gaepartheokmta. H trhvïs `k fas `ovkrsas hphrth`as quk gaepamkm kstk pracrheh sk gamiocurhrè umh bkrrheokmth ôtof phrh fh ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth `k hqukffas hfuemas ajdkta `k omtkrvkmgo÷m. Fh iomhfo`h iomhfo`h`` `kf pracrhe pracrhehh ks ga gamsk mskcuo cuorr quk kf hfu hfuemh emh`a `a ajd ajdkta kta `k ks kstu` tu`oa oa ekd ekdark ark su gam`ugth h trhvïs trhvïs `k fh omtkrvkmgo÷m par phrtk `k fas `ovkrsas `ovkrsas hckmtks k`ughtovas. k`ughtovas. Km kstk skmto`a, fh rkvoso÷m `kf trhjhda rkhfozh`aquk rksufth ium`hekmthf hså gaea fh fhjar `kf km `k fh vhrohjfks gaar`omhgo÷m `k fas hckmtks. Fas hvhmgks sk ajskrvkm km kf hfuemh`a omifuorèm km tutar kf rksta quk `kpkm`k `kpk m`k `orkgth k om`or om`orkgth kgthekmt ekmtkk `k ïf, thfks gaea fh ekda ekdarh rh `k su eatov eatovhgo÷ hgo÷m, m, huta hutagamt gamtraf, raf, rkfhgoamks pkrsamhfks, pkrsamhfks, phrtogophgo÷m km gfhsk, trhjhda om`ovo`uhf y cruphf, cruphf, sotuhgo÷m iheofohr y gfoeh ksgafhr. Kf ajdktova `k kstk trhjhda bh gamsosto`a km om`hchr hgkrgh `kf iumgoamheokmta y fh utofo`h` `k um pracrheh `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth jhsh`a km kf hsksarheokmta h fas promgophfks eokejras oepfogh`as, ks `kgor, h fas ph`rks y h fas praiksarks quk fks oepartkm gfhsk.

 

Kf hfuemh`a skfkggoamh`a bh so`a kf/fh hfuema/h gam mkgkso`h`ks kspkgåioghs `k hpaya k`ughtova kmgamtrèm`amas kmgamtrèm`amas umh hepfoh vhrok`h` vhrok`h` `kmtra `k ksth ghtkcaråh. @kf eosea ea`a, hf hsksarhr kstheas hf eosea tokepa iarehm`a h om`ovo`uas phrh kdkrgkr `k ga-tkrhpkuths y pa`kr par  så eoseas omtra`ugor fhs tïgmoghs `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth km ta`a kf crupa. @k kstk ea`a, sk `ath hf `agkmtk y h fh iheofoh `k bkrrheokmths `k safugo÷m `k prajfkehs gam`ugtuhfks. Kstk pracrheh`k rkgojk kf maejrk hjrkvoh`a `k ‖7H―h fa `kjo`a trks pofhrks sajrk fas quk `ksghmsh4 HMÈFOWOW fh sotuhgo÷m, HWKWAZHEOKMPA fhrca h`kffaspragksa, y HGP[HGO×M. Hmtks `k ga Hmtks gaekm ekmzh zhrr gam guh guhfqu fquokr okr top topaa `k hg hgtuh tuhgo÷ go÷mm pra prapoh pohek ekmtk mtk `og `ogbh bh `k `kiom iomoea oeass kf  prajfkeh, hmhfozheas guèfks sam fhs vhrohjfks quk puk`km ksthr `ktkreomhm`a fh gam`ugth, ajskrvheas hmtk quï mas kmgamtrheas y vhfarheas fas rkgursas gam quk gamtheas. Ksths hgtuhgoamkss sk kmehrghm `kmtra `k fa quk `kmaeomh`as HMÈFOWOW km kf ^racrheh 7H. hgtuhgoamk Kf HWKWAZHEOKMPA bhgk rkikrkmgoh h umh `k fhs iumgoamks promgophfks quk ghrhgtkrozhm fh fhjar `kf arokmth`ar y km ôftoeh omsthmgoh, `k ta`a hqukf quk skh rkspamshjfk `k h`eomostrhr um  pracrheh `k ea`oioghgo÷m ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth, gam`ugth, ks `kgor, `kgor, iarehr k omiarehr h fas `oikrkmtks `oikrkmtks hckmtks hgkrgh hgkrgh `k quï kstrhtkcohs sk puk`km ffkvhr h ghja phrh hfovohr, phfohr a safugoamhr tathfekmtk fh sotuhgo÷m  prajfkeètogh. Wk trhth `k um gamgkpta quk puk`k kmcfajhr ma s÷fa umh hggo÷m om`orkgth soma thejoïm umh `orkgth, sajrk kf sudkta, sajrk kf hfuema quk ehmoioksth gam`ugths `osruptovhs. ^ar ôftoea, kf gamgkpta `k HGP[HGO×M sk rkiokrk h fhs `ovkrshs hgtuhgoamks quk sk bhm ffkvh`a h ghja. Kf hsksarheokmta ks iarehgo÷m k omiarehgo÷m pkra hf ksthr ujogh`a jhda um ea`kfa `k gamsufth ma tokmk par quï ffkvhr gamsoca umh hgtuhgo÷m thf guhf. Kstk ôftoea kfkekmta rkifkdh fhs hgtuhgoamks `orkgths quk sk ffkvhrèm gam kf hfuema, jokm h trhvïs `k ph`rks a jokm h trhvïs `k  praiksarks. Kf hsksarheokm hsksarheokmta ta ks gamagoeokmta quk `kjk pamkrsk km prègtogh. Hf bhjfhr `k HGP[HGO×M thejoïm mas rkikroeas hf skcuoeokmta `k mukstrh omtkrvkmgo÷m y h fh kvhfuhgo÷m `k fh eoseh. Kf gamgkpta `k hgtuhgo÷m hgtuhgo÷m ks um gamgkpta gamgkpta rkfhtovhekmtk rkfhtovhekmtk hepfoa. Fhs hgtuhgoamks hgtuhgoamks bhm `k skr  gaar`omh`hs y prkvohekmtk prkvohekmtk hsksarh`hs hsksarh`hs par kf gaar`omh`ar `kf pracrheh. @ogbhs hgtuhgoamks hgtuhgoamks phrtkm `k um hmèfosos `k mkgkso`h`ks y `k um hsksarheokmta praiksoamhfozh`a y tïgmoga par phrtk `k um kspkgohfosth km fh ehtkroh. Kf ^racrheh 7H sk bh pa`o`a `oskøhr y pamkr km ehrgbh crhgohs hf praykgta `k omvkstochgo÷m k`ugh k` ughtov tovhh hp hpraj rajh` h`aa par fh Gam Gamskd skdkrå kråhh `k K`u K`ughg ghgo÷m o÷m,, Iar Iareh ehgo÷ go÷mm y Kep Kepfka fka `k fh Gae Gaeumo umo`h `h`` Hut÷maeh `k fh Zkco÷m `k Eurgoh y gaar`omh`a par kf Gkmtra `k ^raiksarks y Zkgursas Eurgoh-8.

 

OOO.. GHZH GHZHGPKZ GPKZÅWPO ÅWPOGHW GHW @KF ^ZAC ^ZACZHEH ZHEH OOO Kf pracrheh quk mas `ospamkeas h `kshrraffhr kstè sotuh`a `kmtra `k fh pkrspkgtovh gacmotovagam`ugtuhf puksta quk ma s÷fa tokmk gaea ajdktova ea`oioghr fh gam`ugth ajskrvhjfk, soma thejoïm ekdarhr fhs rkfhgoamks km kf hufh kmtrk hfuema-hfuema y praiksar-hfuema y km ôftoeh omsthmgoh thejoïm kmtrk ïstk y su iheofoh y h su vkz, ïsth gam kf rksta `kf gkmtra k`ughtova, `kshrraffhm`a våhs `k gaeumoghgo÷m iumgoamhfks y iartoioghm`a kf jomaeoa gkmtra-iheofoh. @kf eosea ea`a omtra`ugk tïgmoghs `k yrkfhdhgo÷m fh oehcomhgo÷m gam kf ajdktova `k ekdarhr fh gamgkmtrhgo÷m, rkm`oeokmta km ôftoeh jhsh`hs omsthmgohkm gam`ugth. H trhvïs `k kstk pracrheh ma s÷fa sk trhjhdhrè kf `kshrraffa `k umh gam`ugth iumgoamhf soma thejoï the joïmm fh eat eatovh ovhgo÷ go÷m, m, fh hut hutak aksto stoeh, eh, kf ks kstof tofaa htr htroju ojugoa goamhf mhf,, fh rkf rkfhdh hdhgo÷ go÷mm y fh rks rksafu afugo÷ go÷mm `k gamifogtovas. Wk trhth km ôftoeh omsthmgoh `k ea`oioghr fas gaepartheokmtas pkrdu`ogohfks k oepfhmthr  atrhs gam`ugths iumgoamhfks k omgaephtojfks gam fhs gam`ugths prajfkeètoghs. @kf eosea ea`a, sk `kjkrè gamso`krhr atra topa `k pumtas thfks gaea rkhfozhr umh vhfarhgo÷m omogohf `kf pracrheh ôtof y kikgtovh hså gaea ffkvhr um skcuoeokmta `kf pracrheh. Wk jhsh km kf ea`kfa `k gamsufth puksta quk trhth `k hsksarhr h fas hckmtks oepfogh`as. OY. AJDK AJDKPOYAW POYAW 0.8. 0. 8. @K @KWG WGZO ZO^G ^GO× O×M M H gamtomuhgo÷m vheas h rkhfozhr umh `ksgropgo÷m `k fas ajdktovas pfhmtkh`as km kstk pracrheh. Gaekmzhrkeas ksjazhm`a mukstra ajdktova ckmkrhf y gamtomuhrkeas gam fas ajdktovas kspkgåiogas quk sk `ksprkm`km `kf eosea. 0.8.8. Ajdktova ckmkrhf  Mukstra ajdktova ajdktova ckmkrhf ks ekdarhr fh gam`ugth `kf `kf hfuemh`a. Ffkch`as h kstk pumta `kjkeas `kgor quk mas gkmtrhrkeas km fh ekdarh gam`ugtuhf `kf hfuemh`a gam mkgkso`h`ks kspkgåioghs `k hpaya k`ughtova (hgmkhk) yh quk, par sus ghrhgtkråstoghs, mkgksoth `k umh ehyar htkmgo÷m.  Ma ajsthmtk, y humquk hghjheas `k `kgor quk mas gkmtrhrkeas km fh ekdarh gam`ugtuhf `k kstk hfuemh`a, ma `kjkeas afvo`hr quk `ogba hfuema sk kmgukmtrh ksgafhrozh`a km um gkmtra y quk gamvovk km kf hufh gam atras gaephøkras y gaephøkrhs quk puk`km omifuor, y `k bkgba omifuykm, km su gam`ugth. @kf eosea ea`a, ta`h fh gaeumo`h` k`ughtovh hså gaea fh iheofoh `kf hgmkhk ks iukmtk `k omifukmgoh sajrk su gam`ugth par fa quk `kjkrkeas gamso`krhr ta`as kstas kfkekmtas km su omtkrvkmgo÷m y h fh barh `k iodhr mukstras ajdktovas. [mh vkz `ogba ksta `kjkeas `kgor quk mukstra ajdktova ks ekdarhr fh gam`ugth `kf hfuemh`a gam mkgkso`h`ks kspkgåioghs `k hpaya k`ughtova hså gaea fh `kf crupa km kf quk sk kmgukmtrh omekrsa yh quk puk`k hyu`hr hyu`hr h ehmtkmkr hqukffhs gam`ugths `osruptovhs `osruptovhs y gamtrhrohs hf jokmksthr y  jukm iumgoamheokmta iumgoamheokmta `kf hufh y `kf `kf gkmtra.

 

0.8.:. Ajdktovas kspkgåiogas @kf ajdktova ckmkrhf hmtkroarekmtk kxpuksta sk puk`km kxtrhkr umh skrok `k ajdktovas kspkgåiogas. Hmtkroarekmtk bkeas bkgba rkikrkmgoh h fh oeparthmgoh `k umh hgtuhgo÷m eufto`osgopfomhr hf bhjfhr  `k quk ta`h fh gaeumo`h` k`ughtovh k`ughtovh kstè oepfogh`h km fh gam`ugth `kf hfuemh`a. hfuemh`a. ^ar thmta, km guhfquokr omtkrvkmgo÷m quk qukrheas rkhfozhr ma s÷fa `kjkrkeas pfhmtkhrmas pfhmtkhrmas ajdktovas gam kf prapoa hfuema/h soma gam ta`as fas hckmtks quk `orkgth a om`orkgthekmtk puk`km ksthr omifuykm`a sajrk fh gam`ugth `kf om`ovo`ua. Mas kstheas fas ph`rks tutarks fkchfks, praiksarkskmtrk y ehkstras, kquopa `orkgtova, kf/fh arokmth`ar/h `kfrkiorokm`a gkmtra, kf hpkrsamhf `k ah`eomostrhgo÷m y skrvogoas, atras. H gamtomuhgo÷m vheas h `kshrraffhr quï ajdktovas mas pfhmtkhrkeas km iumgo÷m `kf gafkgtova oepfogh`a. H/ Ajdktovas kspkgåiogas gam kf hgmkhk 8. Kfoeo Kfoeomhr mhr gam`ugth gam`ugthss hcrksovhs, hcrksovhs, `osruptovh `osruptovhss a `osiumgoamhf `osiumgoamhfks ks km kf kmtarma :. Grkh Grkhrr gam`ugths gam`ugths hprapoh` hprapoh`hs hs k omgaephtoj omgaephtojfks fks gam fhs `osiumg `osiumgoamh oamhfks. fks. 7. Huekmthr fh hutagamiohmzh h trhvïs `k hgtovo`h`ks hgtovo`h`ks `am`k sk ihvarkzghm ihvarkzghm sus sus apartumo`h`ks `k ïxota y so rk`uzghm fhs `k irhghsa a krrar. 0. @ksh @kshrraffh rraffhrr kf hutagamtraf hutagamtraf phrh phrh quk puk`h puk`h guepfor guepfor fhs marehs marehs apartumhs. apartumhs. ;. @oseo @oseomuor muor kf kf môekra môekra `k gam`u gam`ugths gths `osru `osruptovh ptovhs. s. 9. Zk` Zk`ugo ugorr kf môekra môekra `k heamk heamksth sthgoa goamks mks.. 3. Hu Huekm ekmthr thr su rkspamsh rkspamshjof jofo`h o`h`, `, hut hutama amaeåh eåh k oep oepfog foghgo hgo÷m ÷m.. ^ar kdkepfa kdkepfa,, bh bhgkr gkrsk sk ghrca `k fh `aguekmthgo÷m `aguekmthg o÷m quk kf gkmtra fk `kjh trhmseotor h fh iheofoh gaea kf rkcostra `k fhs gam`ugths quk kf hf hfue uema ma bh ke keot oto` o`aa km gf gfhs hskk y qu qukk pa past stkr kroa oare rekm kmtk tk fa fass ph ph`r `rks ks to tokm kmkm km qu qukk ior ioreh ehrr ph phrh rh hskcurhrmas `k quk tokmkm gamagoeokmta `k su gaepartheokmta `ohroa km kf hufh. J/ Ajdktovas kspkgåiogas gam kf crupa `k rkikrkmgoh 8. Ekdarh Ekdarhrr fhs rkfhg rkfhgoam oamks ks sagoh sagohfks fks.. :. Ihva Ihvarkgk rkgkrr um gfoeh `k gamvo gamvovkmg vkmgoh oh shfu`h shfu`hjfk. jfk. 7. Zk` Zk`ugo ugorr kf môek môekra ra `k heamk heamksth sthgoa goamks mks.. G/ Ajdktovas kspkgåiogas gam kf praiksarh`a oepfogh`a 8. ^hrto ^hrtogoph gophrr km fhs rkum rkumoamk oamkss quk gamvaquk gamvaquk kf gaar`omh`ar gaar`omh`ar `kf pracrheh pracrheh ‗ ckmkrhfek ckmkrhfekmtk mtk rkghkrè sajrk fh iocurh `kf arokmth`ar km fas gkmtras `k k`ughgo÷m skgum`hroh ajfochtaroh-. @k hpfoghr kstk pracrheh km fh kthph `k k`ughgo÷m omihmtof y proehroh y ma pu`okrh skr kf arokmth`ar, fh rkspamshjofo`h` y gaar`omhgo÷m `kf pracrheh rkghkrè sajrk kf tutar `kf crupa `k hfuemas/hs  dumta gam kf ehkstra/h ehkstra/h kspkgohfosth kspkgohfosth km ^k`hcacåh Pkrhpïutogh. Pkrhpïutogh. :. Hp Hpfog foghr hr fhs tïgmogh tïgmoghss quk sk hgukr` hgukr`km km km fhs sksoa sksoamks mks `k gaar`om gaar`omhg hgo÷m o÷m hsueok hsueokm`a m`a fhs rkspamshjofo`h`ks rkspamshjofo` h`ks hsocmh`hs. 7. Omiar Omiarehr ehr hf gaar`omh`ar gaar`omh`ar `k guhfquokr guhfquokr bkgba quk rkpkrguth rkpkrguth a kstï km gamsamhmgoh gamsamhmgoh gam kf  pracrheh ‖7H―. 0. Gama Gamagkr gkr fas gamgk gamgkptas ptas jèsogas jèsogas sajrk sajrk fh ea`oioghg ea`oioghgo÷m o÷m `k gam`ugth gam`ugth y fh oeparthmg oeparthmgoh oh `k ksth tïgmogh phrh kf hprkm`ozhdk.

 

Zkgamagk magkrr fas promgopoas promgopoas y pragk`oeokm pragk`oeokmtas tas jèsogas jèsogas quk kxpfoghm kxpfoghm kf gaeparthe gaepartheokmta okmta phrh fh ;. Zkga omsthurhgo÷m `k gam`ugths mukvhs, kf omgrkekmta `k gam`ugths yh kxostkmtks y fh rk`uggo÷m `k gam`ugths om`kskh`hs, om`kskh`hs, ek`ohmtk fh hpfoghgo÷m `k fhs tïgmoghs apartumhs. @/ Ajdktovas gam kf rksta `k fh gaeumo`h` k`ughtovh k`ughtovh 8. @os @oseom eomuor uor kf môe môekra kra `k ihf ihfths ths `k hso hsostk stkmgo mgohh omd omdust ustoio oiogh` gh`hs hs `kf cru crupa pa ffkvhm`a ffkvhm`a um gam gamtra traff kxbhustova ihfths par phrtk `k dkihturh `k kstu`oas y ekdarhm`a fh gaar`omhgo÷m kmtrk ïsth y fh ^PWG y`kfasfhsrkgursas `k fh zamh. :. Zk`ugor kf kf môekra `k shfo`hs shfo`hs y kmtrh`hs kmtrh`hs iukrh iukrh `kf barhroa ksthjfkgo`a ksthjfkgo`a km kf gkmtra gkmtra ffkvhm`a um um gamtraf eès kxbhustova fh gamskdkråh y fas praiksarks `k cuhr`oh. 7. Ekda Ekdarhr rhr fh gaar`omhg gaar`omhgo÷m o÷m `kf praiksarh praiksarh`a `a `k cuhr`oh cuhr`oh gkrgoarèm gkrgoarèm`ask `ask `k quk ta`as ta`as fas pumtas ‖mkcras― km kf phtoa y kf gkmtra kstèm vocofh`as km ta`a eaekmta phrh kvothr pkfkhs a guhfquokr  topa `k gam`ugth quk vhyh km gamtrh `kf Zkcfhekmta `k Zïcoekm Omtkrma a Omtkroar. K/ Ajdktovas kspkgåiogas gam fh iheofoh 8. Ekd Ekdarh arhrr kf kf gfoe gfoehh iheo iheofoh fohr. r. :. Zk`u Zk`ugor gor y/a kfoeomh kfoeomhrr kf môekra môekra `k gam`ugth gam`ugthss `osruptovhs `osruptovhs km km ghsh. ghsh. 7. Hprk Hprkm`kr m`kr pragk`oe pragk`oeokmta okmtass jèsogas jèsogas phrh fh rkhfozhgo÷m rkhfozhgo÷m `k pracrhehs pracrhehs `k ea`oioghgo÷ ea`oioghgo÷mm `k gam`ugths 0. Iareh Iarehrr km `kstrkzhs `kstrkzhs km kf `oskøa `oskøa `k pracrhehs pracrhehs `k ea`oiogh ea`oioghgo÷m go÷m `k gam`ugt gam`ugths hs gamagokm`a gamagokm`a tïgmog tïg moghs hs thf thfks ks gae gaeaa fh kg kgama amaeåh eåh `k iog iogbhs bhs,, fas gam gamtrh trhtas tas gam gam`ug `ugtuh tuhfks fks,, kf rki rkiarz arzheo heokmt kmtaa `oikrkmgohf, kmtrk atras. I/ Ajdktovas kspkgåiogas gam kf arokmth`ar a gaar`omh`ar `kf pracrheh ‖7H― 8. ^ra ^rafam famchr chr fas jkmkiog jkmkiogoas oas `kf pracrheh pracrheh eès hffè `k su omt omtkrv krvkm kmgo÷ go÷mm `or `orkgt kgthh ek` ek`ohm ohmtk tk kf skcuoeokmta `kf eosea. :. Ia Iare rehr hr h fa fass hc hckm kmtk tkss oe oepf pfog ogh` h`as as km fh o` o`km kmto toio iogh ghgo go÷m ÷m `k so sotu tuhg hgoa oamk mkss km fh fhss qu qukk ks rkgaekm`hjfk fh hpfoghgo÷m `k fhs tïgmoghs `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth `k ehmkrh quk iarek ga-tkrhpkuths. 7. Oms Omstru truor or h fas `keès `keès km fas pragk` pragk`oeo oeokmt kmtas as jèsogas jèsogas phrh phrh fh rkhfozh rkhfozhgo÷ go÷mm `k pracrhe pracrhehs hs `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth. 0. Gam Gamskcu movkf `k oepfogh`as hsostkmgoh hsostkmg ohashphrh fhs rkumoamks rkumoa mksquk `k ma gaar`omhgo÷ gaar`om hgo÷mm `kf pracrh eh par kmgoeh kmgo eh `kf 2> %skcuor `k orfasumeokejras oepfogh` hskcurhr hskcurhr sk safhphm safhphm fhs pracrheh hgtuhgoamk hgtuhgoamks s kmtrk fas `ovkrsas hckmtks k`ughtovas quk omtkrvokmkm km kf pracrheh ‖7H―. Y. GAM GAMPKM PKMO@A O@AW W Zksufth omtkrkshmtk kxpfogothr guèfks sam fas gamtkmo`as km fas guhfks rkghk kf `oskøa y puksth km ehrgbh `k mukstra pracrheh. @ogbas @ogbas gamtkmo`as corhm km tarma h fh ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth y h fhs tïgmoghs quk fh sustkmthm. Fas gamtkmo`as quk vheas h trhthr kstèm rkgaco`as ma s÷fa `k iareh tk÷rogh soma thejoïm `k ea`a prègtoga km fh ghrpkth a `assokr `k omtkrvkmgo÷m `kf pracrheh 7H (ehtkrohf kfhjarh`a crhgohs hf praykgta `k omvkstochgo÷m).

 

Kf ajdktova ks kf `k iarehr h fas hckmtks oepfogh`as km kf `oskøa y puksth km prègtogh `kf pracrheh `k iareh quk ta`as fas hckmtks skhm iareh`as hf rkspkgta. Wk trhth `k iarehr gatkrhpkuths. Kf gamgkpta `k hsksarheokmta omgfuyk fh iarehgo÷m `k h`eomostrh`arks `kf pracrheh y `k sus tïgmoghs. Km fh ghrpkth sk omgfuyk um rksuekm `k fhs promgophfks tïgmoghs quk sk `kjkm gamagkr y `ovkrshs arokmthgoamks hf rkspkgta. H gamtomuhgo÷m vheas h phshr h `kshrraffhr fas gamtkmo`as quk `kjkeas gamagkr phrh hpfoghr  gamvkmok gamv kmokmtkek mtkekmtk mtk kf pracr pracrheh. heh. @k kstk ea`a tkm` tkm`rkeas rkeas suiogokmtks suiogokmtks hftkrmhtovhs hftkrmhtovhs gaea phrh h`hpthrmas h `oikrkmtks sotuhgoamks prajfkeètoghs y kfkcor fhs tïgmoghs quk eès puk`hm hyu`hrmas. Fas gamtkmo`as bhm so`a4 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Gamgkp Gamg kpta ta `k ea` ea`oi oiog oghg hgo÷ o÷mm `k gam gam`u `ugt gth. h. Pop opaas `k `k ks kstr trhhtk tkccoh ohss. Kstr Ks trht htkc kcoh ohss pr prah ahgt gtov ovhs hs.. Kstr Ks trht htkc kcoh ohss rktr rktrah ahgt gtov ovhs hs.. Gamg Ga mgkp kpta ta `k rk rkia iarz rzh` h`ar ar.. Zkia Zk iarz rzhe heok okmt mtaa pa paso soto tova va.. Zkia Zk iarz rzhe heok okmt mtaa mk mkch chto tova va.. Zkia Zk iarz rzhe heok okmt mtaa `oikr `oikrkm kmgo gohf hf.. Ghstoca pasotova. Ghstoca mk mkchtova. Kxtomgo÷m. Hprk Hp rkm` m`oz ozhd hdkk par par ajsk ajskrv rvhg hgo÷ o÷mm a ea`k ea`kfh fh`a `a Pïgm Pï gmog oghs hs `k rk rkfh fhdh dhgo go÷m ÷m.. Gammtr Ga trhhta Gam am`u `uggtu tuhhf. Atrhs tï tïgmoghs.

YO. EKPA EKPA@AFA @AFACÅH CÅH 9.8.. ^ZO 9.8 ^ZOMGO MGO^OA ^OAW W CK CKMKZ MKZHFK HFKW W Fh ekta`afacåh skrè hgtovh, phrtogophtovh y vovkmgohf. Prhthrè `k skr prègtogh y `k h`hpthrsk h fhs ghrhgtkråstoghs ma s÷fa s÷fa `kf hfuema y hfuemh soma soma thejoïm `kf rkgkptar omogohf, omogohf, ks `kgor, fas ph`rks, eh`rks, tutarks fkchfks y praiksarks. Kf ajdktova skrè iarehr h fas hckmtks k`ughtovas km tïgmoghs y eïta`as phrh ekdarhr kf gfoeh iheofohr y ksgafhr omtkroarozhm`a `ogbhs tïgmoghs y rkgursas phrh  pastkroarekmtk skr ghphz `k hpfoghrfhs gam sus bodas/hs a hfuemas/hs. Wk trhth, km `kiomotovh, `k ihvarkgkr fh hutaarokmthgo÷m y kf hprkm`kr h hprkm`kr. Fas promgopoas jèsogas `k fh omtkrvkmgo÷m k`ughtovh, quk `kjkm cuohr fas pragksas `k kmskøhmzh-hprkm`ozhdk, kmskøhmz h-hprkm`ozhdk, sam4

 

8. :. 7. 0.

^hrtor `kf movkf `k `kshrraf ^hrtor `kshrraffa fa `kf sudkta sudkta h fh barh `k fh pfhmoiogh pfhmoioghgo÷m go÷m `k fh kmskøhm kmskøhmzh. zh. Hskcurhr Hskc urhr fh gamstru gamstruggo÷ ggo÷mm `k hprkm`oz hprkm`ozhdks hdks socmoiog socmoioghtova htovas. s. ^asojofoth ^asoj ofothrr quk fas sudktas rkhfogk rkhfogkmm hprkm`ozhdk hprkm`ozhdkss socmoioghtova socmoioghtovass par så safas. Ea`oi Ea `oiogh oghrr fas ksquke ksqukehs hs `k ga gamag magoeo oeokmt kmtaa quk paskk paskk prkvohek prkvohekmtk mtk.. Kst Kstkk pum pumta ta ks `k vot vothf hf trhsgk trh sgkm`k m`kmgo mgohh puk puksta sta quk thm thmta ta fh ihe iheofo ofohh gae gaeaa kf pra praiks iksarh arh`a `a puk puk`k `kmm ph phrtor rtor `k o`k o`khs hs krr÷mkhs quk `kjkeas `kseotoioghr. ;. Pkmk Pkmkrr prkskmtk quk fas hprkm`oz hprkm`ozhdks hdks socmoiogh socmoioghtovas tovas rkquokrk rkquokrkmm umh omtkmsh hgtovo`h hgtovo`h`` par phrtk

`kf sudkta. Wo ajskrvheas htkmthekmtk kstas promgopoas, vkeas quk kf proekra `k kffas, phrtor `kf movkf `k `kshrraffa `kf hfuema, ksth rkotkrhm`a fh mkgkso`h` `k htkm`kr thmta h fhs ghphgo`h`ks gaea h fas hprkm`ozhdkss prkvoas `k fas hfuemas, `k iareh soeuftèmkh. hprkm`ozhdk Zksufth `k crhm trhsgkm`kmgoh gamagkr kf pumta km kf guhf sk kmgukmtrh kf sudkta, ma s÷fa km su èejota gam`ugtuhf soma km fåmkhs ckmkrhfks. Ksta mas hyu`hrè h pfhmoioghr gam ehyar kxhgtotu` mukstrh omtkrvkmgo÷m. Hså, `kjkrkeas gafaghrmas km um pumta `k sus ghphgo`h`ks, omtkrksks y hgtotu`ks thf quk  pkreoth su hvhmgk gam kf ksiukrza ÷ptoea. [mh omtkrhggo÷m guya pumta `k phrto`h kstï `kehsoh`a gkrghma a hfkdh`a `k fhs bhjofo`h`ks y `kstrkzhs `kf hfuemh`a ma pkreotorè su pracrksa. Km ksth fåmkh fåmkh,, y km phfhjrhs phfhjrhs `k Yycatsly, Yycatsly, `kjkeas gafaghrmas gafaghrmas kmtrk su movk movkff `k `ksh `kshrraffa rraffa rkhf y su movkf `k `kshrraffa `kshrraffa patkmgohf, ks `kgor, km fh zamh zamh `k `kshrraffa pr÷xoea. Kf movkf movkf `k `kshrraffa rkhf puk`k `kiomorsk gaea hqukffh sotuhgo÷m `k hprkm`ozhdk hprkm`ozhdk km fh guhf kf sudkta ks ghphz `k bhgkr umh thrkh som hyu`h. Kf movkf `k `kshrraffa patkmgohf ks hqukf km kf quk sk kmgukmtrh kf sudkta guhm`a ks ghphz `k rkhfozhr umh thrkh pkra gam hyu`h `k um h`ufta a `k atrh pkrsamh gam ehyarks gaepktkmgohs km `ogbh thrkh. Fh zamh `k `kshrraffa patkmgohf ks kf fuchr `am`k `kjkeas ujoghrmas h fh barh `k omtk omtkrhggo rhggoamhr amhr gam ïf. @k kstk ea`a ea`a kxocoeas kxocoeas um hvhmgk hvhmgk pkra km fh ek`o`h `k sus ghphgo`h`ks hgtuhfks. Wotuhrmas par `kjhda `k su zamh `k `kshrraffa rkhf fa hjurrorè parquk fh thrkh kstè sajrkhprkm`o`h. Gafaghrmas par kmgoeh `k sus gaepktkmgohs bhrè quk `ksosth parquk sk skmtorè omghphz `k rkhfozhr fh thrkh.  Mas jhshrkeas thejoïm km fas promgopoas quk rockm kf gam`ogoamheokm gam`ogoamheokmta, ta, kf hprkm`ozhdk ajskrvhgoamhf ajskrvhgoa mhf y fas quk sustkmthm fh psogafacåh gacmotovh. ^ar atra fh`a, kxostkm atrhs eugbhs tkaråhs quk kxpfoghm kf hprkm`ozhdk. @k ta`hs kffhs masatras s÷fa `kshrraffhrkeas `kshrraffhrkeas `as o`khs eès. Eès quk tkaråhs sam km rkhfo`h` fkyks, `k bkgba, sam `k fhs paghs fkyks quk kxostkm km fh ^sogafacåh y fh ^k`hcacåh puksta quk km kf kstu`oa `k fh gam`ugth ks euy gaepfogh`a ckmkrhfozhr fas rksufth`as h ta`h fh pajfhgo÷m. Ma ajsthmtk, fhs socuokmtks så tokmkm kf crh`a `k fky. Mas kstheas rkiorokm`a h fh Fky bk`÷mogh y h fh Fky `k fh ‖u― omvkrto`h a Fky `k _krlks-@ajsam. Fh proekrh fky h fh quk bkeas bkgba rkikrkmgoh gamstotuyk kf pumta `k phrto`h a supuksta omog om ogoh ohff `k ta ta`h `h om omtk tkrv rvkm kmgo go÷m ÷m.. ^h ^hrt rtoe oeas as `k `kff bk bkgb gbaa um umov ovkr krsh shff `k qu qukk um umhh pk pkrs rsam amhh iå iåso sogh gh y  psogaf÷coghekmtk  psogaf÷coghe kmtk shmh tkm`krè sokeprk sokeprk h hgkrghrsk h hqukffas hqukffas kståeufas quk fk rksuftkm pfhgkmtkras pfhgkmtkras y sk hfkdhrè `k hqukffas atras quk fk rksuftkm hvkrsovas.

 

Crhgoh gohss h kst kstkk bkg bkgba ba pa` pa`kea keass `os `oskø køhr hr tïg tïgmog moghs hs k omt omtkrv krvkmg kmgoam oamks ks `am `am`k `k par ek` ek`oa oa `kf Crh hgkrgheokmta hf pfhgkr gamsocheas `kstkrrhr gokrta topa `k gam`ugths quk phshm h skr hvkrsovhs y par  thmta `kshcrh`hjfks. `kshcrh`hjfks. Fas rkiarzh`arks rkiarzh`arks sam, par `kiomogo÷m, pfhgkmtkras phrh kf kf sudkta y, par thmta, kf sudkta rkhfozhrè gam`ugths `k hpraxoehgo÷m. hpraxoehgo÷m. ^ar atra fh`a, fas kståeufas hvkrsovas sam par `kiomogo÷m eafkstas y par kffa kf sudkta keotorè gam`ugths `k kvothgo÷m a buo`h. Fh Fky `k _krlks-@ajsam ks, thf gaea bkeas `ogba, umh `k fhs ksghshs fkyks quk mas  pa`keas kmgamtrhr km mukstra fky,`kgor km aghsoamks kmgam rkfhgo÷m `k ‖u― ‖u― omvkrto`h omvkrto` h kmtrk `as vhrohjfks. vèejota. hrohjfks.Wkcôm Ksta ksth Ksta quokrk quk fh pa`keas rkfhgo÷m kmgamtrhr rkfhgo÷m ma kstrhrmoumh `orkgth mo omvkrshekmtk prapargoamhf, `kpkm`k `kf eaekmta km kf quk mas kmgamtrkeas. Yheas h vkr um kdkepfa utofozhm`a fh rkfhgo÷m kxostkmtk kmtrk hgtovhgo÷m y rkm`oeokmta. Wo fh rkfhgo÷m kmtrk hejhs vhrohjfks iukrh `orkgthekmtk prapargoamhf, guhmta ehyar iukrh fh hgtovhgo÷m a hraushf `k um sudkta ehyar skrè su rkm`oeokmta. Ma ajsthmtk, shjkeas par fh prapoh prègtogh quk um kxgksa `k hgtovhgo÷m  puk`k ffkvhr ffkvhr h fh hmsok`h`, hf hf jfaquka ekmthf, hf ghmshmgoa ghmshmgoa iåsoga y ekmthf, hf hcatheokmta hcatheokmta keagoamhf keagoamhf y h um `ksgkmsa `kf rkm`oeokmta. Oehcomkeas hbarh quk prapamkeas quk fh rkfhgo÷m kxostkmtk kmtrk hgtovhgo÷m y rkm`oeokmta ks omvkrshekmtk omvkrshekmtk prapargoamhf prapargoamhf a rkfh rkfhgo÷m go÷m om`orkgth. om`orkgth. Ksta vokmk h `kgo `kgorr quk guhm guhm`a `a umh huekmth, huekmth, fh atrh `ksgokm`k y vogkvkrsh. ^ar kdkepfa, guhmta eès rkfhdh`as kstheas ‗ekmas hgtovhgo÷m- ekdar ks mukstra rkm`oeokmta, yh quk mas pkreotk gamgkmtrhrmas ekdar. Ksta ks gokrta pkra ma h ta`as fas movkfks. Wo jokm ks vkr`h` quk gokrth rkfhdhgo÷m ihvarkgk fas  pragksas htkmgoamhfk htkmgoamhfkss y ekearåstogas, um `ksgkmsa km mukstrh hgtovhgo÷m pra`ugoråh um kmfkmtkgoeokmta `k mukstra pragksheokmta gacmotova, `k mukstrhs pufshgoamks, tkmso÷m hrtkrohf y hf iomhf mas pra`ugoråh sukøa y kf sukøa y kf hprkm`ozhdk ma sokeprk sam jukmas gaephøkras, sajrk ta`a guhm`a tokmks quk hprkm`kr mukvh omiarehgo÷m kf `åh hmtks `k um kxhekm. ^ar thmta, fh rkfhgo÷m eès kxhgth quk kxostk kmtrk hgtovhgo÷m y rkm`oeokmta ks fh `k ‖u― omvkrto`h. Hså, guhm`a fh hgtovhgo÷m `k umh pkrsamh prkskmth movkfks ea`krh`as su rkm`oeokmta hfghmz hfg hmzhrè hrè su ium iumgoa goamhe mheokm okmta ta ÷pt ÷ptoea oea,, kf eè eèss hft hfta. a. Km guh guhfqu fquokr okrhh `k fas atr atras as `as gh ghsas sas,, kf rkm`oeokmta `kghkrè. Hså, umh hgtovhgo÷m jhdh vh rkfhgoamh`h gam um rkm`oeokmta jhda ‗`kehsoh`a sukøa y rkfhdhgo÷m- y umh hgtovhgo÷m kfkvh`h `kf archmosea, bhrè quk mukstra rkm`oeokmta `kghoch yh quk km kf ekdar `k fas ghsas, bhrkeas eugba pkra paga gamstrugtova y ôtof. 9.:.. ZKG 9.: ZKG[ZW [ZWAW AW B[EH B[EHMAW MAW Pa`hs fhs pkrsamhs quk omtkrhggoamhm gam kf sudkta sam hckmtks k`ughtovas patkmgohfks. ^ar kffa, `kjkr `k jkrkea keass tkm tkmkr kr h ta` ta`hh fh ga gaeum eumo`h o`h`` k` k`ugh ughtov tovhh km guk gukmth mth yh quk pu puk`k k`kmm pra prapar pargoa goamhr mhrmas mas omiarehgo÷m kskmgohf. @kjkeas gamagkr fas barhroas `k ta`as phrh aptoeozhr fh gaar`omhgo÷m.

 

9.7.. ZKG ZKG[ZW [ZWAW AW EHPKZOHF EHPKZOHFKW KW 9.7 Bhrkeas usa `k Bhrkeas `k fas rkgursas rkgursas quk quk tkmcheas tkmcheas km mukst mukstra ra hejokmtk hejokmtk eès eès gkrghma. gkrghma. Ksta ks `k crhm rkfkvh rkf kvhmgo mgohh saj sajrk rk ta` ta`aa guh guhm`a m`a `k `kiom iomhea heass fas rki rkiarz arzh`a h`arks rks quk h`e h`eomo omostr strhrk hrkeas eas hf sud sudkta kta.. [m rkiarzh`ar a prkeoa `oiågof `k gamskcuor km mukstra gamtkxta eès omek`ohta puk`k ffkvhr gamsoca kf irhghsa `kf pracrheh. H fh barh `k h`hpthr fh tïgmogh ushrkeas fas rkgursas quk tkmcheas eès hggksojfks4 G^Z, jojfoatkgh `kf gkmtra, jojfoatkgh eumogophf, kf `kphrthekmta `k arokmthgo÷m a fh sk`k `k fas gam Kquopas Arokmthgo÷ Arokm thgo÷m m K`ug K`ughtov h y ^sog ^sogapk` hc÷cogh, ogh, kf hufh phrh pfueok pfueokr r hf tkmk tkmkr  ar`kmh`arks hggksa`k h omtkrmkt, kmtrk atrashtovh hspkgtas. Fhsapk`hc÷c pfhmtoffhs mkgkshrohs `kshrraffhr kfr   pracrheh kstèm omgfuo`hs km kstk kstk `aguekmta. 9.0. 9. 0. KW KW^H ^HGO GOAW AW Kf pr prac acrh rheh eh sk hp hpfo fogh ghrè rè km kf he hejo jokm kmtk tk qu qukk ir irkg kguk ukmt mtkk kf su sudk dkta ta44 gk gkmt mtra ra k` k`ug ught htov ovaa y gh ghsh sh,,  promgophfekmtk. Kf @kphrthekmta @kphrthekmta `k Arokmthgo÷m Arokmthgo÷m km kf ghsa `k fas fas OKW `kjk skr gamso`krh`a gamso`krh`a gaea um um fuchr `k kmgukmtra y `k gaar`omhgo÷m gaar`omhgo÷m.. 9.;.. HW^ 9.; HW^KG KGPAW PAW PKE^AZH PKE^AZHFKW FKW Fh `u `urh rhgo go÷m ÷m `k `kff pr prac acrh rheh eh `k `kpk pkm` m`kk `k gh gh`h `h gh ghsa sa pa parr fa qu qukk ks eu euyy ga gaep epfo fogh gh`a `a bh bhgk gkrr um umhh kstoeh kst oehgo÷ go÷m. m. Wk rkg rkgaeo aeokm km`h `h hf ekm ekmas as um ek ekss phr phrhh vk vkrr fas kik kikgta gtas. s. @kj @kjkrk krkeas eas ga gamso mso`kr `krhr hr fhs vhghgoamkss u atras pkroa`as ikstovas yh quk puk`km pkrdu`oghr hf pracrheh. vhghgoamk 9.9.. HCZ 9.9 HCZ[^H [^HEOK EOKMPA MPAW W Fh ehyaråh `k fhs hgtovo`h`ks quk hquå sk `kshrraffhm kstèm o`kh`hs phrh hgtuhr `k iareh om`ovo`uhf, yh quk gh`h ghsa tokmk sus phrtogufhro`h`ks. Gh`h sotuhgo÷m ks `ostomth y `kjkeas gamso`krhr kstk bkgba. Fas rkiarzh`arks quk vhfkm phrh um sudkta ma sam vèfo`as phrh atra. Km guhfquokr ghsa, kxostkm atrhs tïgmoghs quk puk`km skr hpfogh`hs km crupa, ekdar pkqukøa crupa quk ta`h fh gfhsk pkra thejoïm ks pasojfk h`hpthr umh kgamaeåh `k iogbhs a fh omstruggo÷m km tïgmoghs `k rkfhdhgo÷m h ta`h fh gfhsk. YOO. MAZEHW @K H@EOMOWPZHGO×M H@EOMOWPZHGO×M [mh vkz `ktkgth`a um ghsa rkfhgoamh`a gam fas prajfkehs `k gaepartheokmta, gam`ugths `osruptovhs y `osiumgoamhfks y sk kfodh fh hpfoghgo÷m `k kstk pracrheh phrh gamskcuor fh kfoeomhgo÷m `k gam`ugths `ksh`hpthtovhs y fh omsthurhgo÷m `k atrhs omgaephtojfks gam fhs eosehs y h`hpthtovhs, sk rkhfozhrèm fas socuokmtks phsas4 8/ Wk oeproeorè kf `assokr `kmaeomh`a4 Ghrpkth `k Omtkrvkmgo÷m quk gamstotuyk fh bkrrheokmth  prègtogh `kf ^racrheh 7H. Wo s÷fa ks mkgkshroa uma `k sus ea`kfas a hmkxas sk kikgtuhrè `ogbh hggo÷m. Wk rkgaeokm`h tkmkr sokeprk fh parth`h y fas ea`kfas quk sk vhyhm h utofozhr. :/ Wk phshrè h rkffkmhr fas socuokmtks ea`kfas `k `aguekmtas quk h`dumth. 7/ Wk rkhfozhrèm arokmthgoamks pkrtomkmtks h fas gafkgtovas oepfogh`as.

 

0/ Wk `ktkreomhrè fh tïgmogh `k ea`oioghgo÷m gam`ugtuhf eès h`kguh`h. ;/ Wk oepfkekmthrè `ogbh tïgmogh. Wk rkgaeokm`h utofozhr eès `k umh tïgmogh sokeprk quk ma skhm omgaephtojfks par `kiomogo÷m. 0/ Wk ffkvhrè h ghja fh kvhfuhgo÷m y skcuoeokmta. YOOO. @KWPOMHPH @KWPOMHPHZOAW ZOAW Fas `kstomhthroas `kf pracrheh sam hfuemas y hfuemhs gam prajfkehs `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth. Humquk hfcumhs `k fhs kstrhtkcohs quk sk omgfuykm puk`km skr ffkvh`hs h ghja gam ghrègtkr `k  prkvkmgo÷m proehroh, ks `kgor, hmtks `k quk sk `km fas prajfkehs, `kjkeas gamso`krhr quk vh `oroco`a `oroc o`a h hquk hqukff om`o om`ovo`ua vo`ua quk prkskmtk prkskmtk gam` gam`ugth ugthss `osru `osruptovh ptovhs. s. @kf eosea ea`a y humq humquk uk kf  pracrheh vh `oroco`a h hfuemh`a gam mkgkso`h`ks mkgkso`h`ks kspkgåioghs kspkgåioghs `k hpaya k`ughtova k`ughtova thejoïm puk`k skr  utofozh`a gam kf rksta `kf hfuemh`a yh quk sk jhsh km umas promgopoas ckmkrhfks quk hjhrghm h ta`as. ROR. H^FOG H^FOGHGOAM HGOAMKW KW Km kstk pracrheh sk bh gaejomh`a fh trhsgkm`kmgoh `kf hmèfosos `k fh sotuhgo÷m, kf hsksarheokmta y fhs hgtuhgoamks `orkgths y sostkeètoghs. Wk trhth `k um ea`a `k hgtuhr km kf quk kf arokmth`ar a kf gaar`omh`ar `kf pracrheh, km su ghsa, gaejomh kstrhtkcohs `k omtkrvkmgo÷m `orkgths k om`orkgths phrh bhgkr irkmtk h umh eoseh prajfkeètogh. Fh kstrugturhgo÷m `k fh omiarehgo÷m y kf `oskøa y puksth km ehrgbh `k um pracrheh `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth `am`k sk bhch bomghpoï ma s÷fa km fh omtkrvkmgo÷m om`ovo`uhf soma km fh cruphf y `am`k ta`as fas hckmtks k`ughtovas tkmchm ghjo`h, rkpkrgutk pasotovhekmtk km fh ekdarh `k fh gam`ugth `kf sudkta sudkta y `k su crupa. H`keès, gkmtrhrmas km kf hsksarheokmta hsksarheokmta om`ovo`uhf y cruphf gamffkvh fh iarehgo÷m `k ga-tkrhpkuths quk, km ôftoeh omsthmgoh, sam ghphgks `k hpfoghr um pracrheh `k ksths ghrhgtkråstoghs guhm`a skh mkgkshroa. Pa`hs ksths ghrhgtkråstoghs bhgkm quk kf pracrheh 7H tkmch `ovkrshs hpfoghgoamks4 8. Zkgoj Zkgojor or fh `k `kehm ehm`h `h a pra prajfk jfkeè eètog toghh `k iareh kstrug kstrugtur turh` h`hh omg omgfuy fuyïm` ïm`ask ask km ïs ïsth th fas `ht `htas as mkgkshroas phrh kf pastkroar omiarek `k vhfarhgo÷m a omiarek psogapk`hc÷coga psogapk`hc÷coga km su ghsa. :. Zkh Zkhfozhr fozhr um hmèfos hmèfosos os `k fh gam`ugth gam`ugth prajfk prajfkeètog eètoghh km kf èejota èejota ksgafhr. ksgafhr. 7. Pkm Pkmkr kr `aguekmthg `aguekmthgo÷m o÷m mkgkshroh mkgkshroh phrh phrh rkcostrhr rkcostrhr fh gam`ugth gam`ugth prajfkeètogh prajfkeètogh km kf èejota èejota iheofohr. 0. ^kre ^kreotk otk rkhfozhr rkhfozhr umh gaephrh gaephrhgo÷m go÷m kmtrk kmtrk fh gam`ugth gam`ugth ajskrvh` ajskrvh`hh km uma y atra èejota. èejota. ;. Kf pracrheh pracrheh thejoïm thejoïm pkreotk ffkvhr ffkvhr um skcu skcuoeokm oeokmta ta skehmhf skehmhf `kf hfue hfuema/h ma/h km kf gkmt gkmtra ra y facrhr umh ehyar oepfoghgo÷m `k fas ph`rks. 9. Hpfog Hpfoghgo÷ hgo÷mm `k umh kgam kgamaeåh aeåh `k iogbhs iogbhs km ghsh. ghsh. 3. Zkh Zkhfozhr fozhr umh kvhf kvhfuhgo uhgo÷m ÷m `k `k fh omtk omtkrvkmg rvkmgo÷m. o÷m. 2. Ffkv Ffkvhr hr um skcuo skcuoeokm eokmta ta `k fhs fhs hgtuhg hgtuhgoamk oamkss quk bhche bhcheas. as.

 

Pa`hs ksths hggoamks sam gamtkepfh`hs km kf pracrheh, kf guhf, sk rkgaeokm`h hpfoghr km ghsa `k4 • • • • •

^rajfkehs `k gam`ug ^rajfkehs gam`ugth th km kf hfuemh` hfuemh`aa gam mkgk mkgkso`h so`h`ks `ks kspkg kspkgåiogh åioghss `k hpaya hpaya k`ughtova. @oiogu @oi ogufth fth`ks `ks phrh phrh gaar`o gaar`omhr mhrsk sk gam fh iheof iheofoh, oh, praik praiksar sarh` h`a, a, ktg. ktg. ^rajfkeh ^rajf keh gam`ug gam`ugtuhf tuhf om`ovo` om`ovo`uhf uhf gam um/h um/h hfuema hfuema/h /h humquk humquk ma prkskm prkskmtk tk `ogbhs `ogbhs mkgks mkgkso`h` o`h`ks. ks. @oiogufth @oiogu fth`ks `ks km fh fh gamvo gamvovkm vkmgoh goh `kf `kf crup crupaa ar`om ar`omhro hroa. a. Ihfth `k iarehgo iarehgo÷m ÷m omogohf omogohf km km ehtkroh ehtkroh `k tïgm tïgmoghs oghs `k omtkrvk omtkrvkmgo÷ mgo÷mm y trhtheok trhtheokmta mta  psogaf÷cogass ‗puksta quk kf pracrheh  psogaf÷coga pracrheh tokmk um iukrtk iukrtk gaepamkmtk iarehtova-. iarehtova-.

Hf bhjfhr `k prajfkehs `k gam`ugth omgfuoeas hspkgtas thfks gaea4 crotas, ffhmtas, phthfkas, gam`ugths gamtrhrohs hf Zkcfhekmta `k Zïcoekm Omtkrma a Omtkroar, usa `k phfhjrhs ehfsamhmtks, rïpfoghs om`kjo`hs, kxgksa `k hgtovo`h` km kf hufh bhsth kf pumta `k pkrdu`oghr su rkm`oeokmta y kf `k sus gaephøkras, kmtrk atras hspkgtas. Fh utofo`h` `k kstk pracrheh rh`ogh km quk fh jukmh hpfoghgo÷m `k umh skrok `k bkrrheokmths `kmtra `kf ghepa `k fh ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth pkreotk umh skrok `k kikgtas pasotovas. Eès gamgrkthekmtk gamgrkthekmtk44 8. :. 7. 0. ;. 9. 3. 2. ?.

Ekdarh `k Ekdarh `kff gfoe gfoehh `kf `kf huf hufh. h. Ihvarkgo Ihva rkgoeokmt eokmtaa `k fh jukmh rkfhgo÷ rkfhgo÷mm kmtrk fh iheofoh iheofoh y kf gkmtra gkmtra k`ughtova k`ughtova.. Ekdarh Ekd arh `k `kff gfoe gfoehh iheo iheofoh fohr. r. @oseomugo @oseo mugo÷m ÷m `kf môekra môekra `k gam`ugth gam`ugthss `osruptovhs `osruptovhs ajskrvh ajskrvh`hs `hs km kf hufh. hufh. Ekdarh Ekda rh fh rkfhgo÷m rkfhgo÷m `k fas hgmkhks hgmkhks gam sus sus gaephøkra gaephøkrass y kf praiksar ajskrvh ajskrvhm`a m`a um ehyar  crh`a `k oepfoghgo÷m `kf hfuema km fhs hgtovo`h`ks om`ovo`uhfks y cruphfks km fhs gfhsks tk÷roghs y prègtoghs. Ekdarhh `k fhs rkfhg Ekdar rkfhgoamk oamkss sagohfks sagohfks `kf crupa. crupa. Facra Fa cra `k fh ck ckmkr mkrhfo hfozhg zhgo÷m o÷m `k fh gam gam`ug `ugth th pasotov pasotovhh hf rks rksta ta `k èejotas4 èejotas4 ma s÷fa iheofohr iheofohr y ksgafhr soma thejoïm pkrsamhf. Iarehgo÷m Iareh go÷m km km fhs tïgmog tïgmoghs hs `k ea`oiog ea`oioghgo÷m hgo÷m `k `k gam`ugth gam`ugth.. Chmh Ch mhmg mgoh oh km hu huta tama maeå eåhh h fh barh barh `k hpfog hpfoghr hr um pr prac acrh rheh eh `k ks ksth th åm`afk åm`afk hf ga gama magk gkrr fa fass  promgopoas `k hprkm`ozhdk. hprkm`ozhdk.

R. KYHF[HGO×M Fh kvhfuhgo÷m `kf pracrheh skrè omogohf, pragksuhf y iomhf. Hf gaeokmza y ek`ohmtk kf hmèfosos `k fh gam`ugth `kf sudkta sk trhzh umh fåmkh jhsk sajrk fh quk gaephrhr pastkroarks omtkrvkmgoamks. @kf eosea ea`a, h fa fhrca `kf pracrheh sk sk rkhfozhrèm `ovkrshs gaephrhgoamks gaephrhgoamks gam gam fh sotuhgo÷m omogohf  phrh vhfarhr kf hvhmgk y `ktkreomhr so ks mkgkshroa um ghejoa km kf pracrheh. Hf iomhfozhr `ogba  pracrheh, sk rkhfozh atrh vhfarhgo÷m phrh `ktkreomhr so bkeas gamskcuo`a fas ajdktovas ehrgh`as. Phejoïm sk bhrè um skcuoeokmta `k fhs hgtuhgoamks rkhfozh`hs. ^hrh rkhfozhr ta`a ksta sk bhm grkh`a fas ehtkrohfks apartumas quk sk kmgukmtrhm `ospamojfks km kstk `aguekmta. Fas hspkgtas h kvhfuhr skrèm ta`as fas gaepamkmtks `kf pracrheh y ma s÷fa fh gam`ugth `kf sudkta. H`keès, km fh kvhfuhgo÷m phrtogophrèm ta`as fas hckmtks quk bhyhm phrtogoph`a `orkgth a om`orkgthekmtk km kf `oskøa y puksth km ehrgbh `kf pracrheh.

 

ZKG[ZW [ZWAW AW RO. ZKG 88.8. JOJFOACZHIÅH Hcuofhr-Earhfks, D. K. (:>>3). 88 krrarks hf oepfkekmthr um pracrheh `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth  phrh moøas. Eïxoga4 Eïxoga4 Hsagohgo÷m Hsagohgo÷m Ahxhqukøh `k `k ^sogafacåh H.G. Hfkcrk `k fh Zash, A.E. (:>>>). @ovkrso`h` buehmh y k`ughgo÷m. Eèfhch4 Hfdojk. Josqukrrh, Z. (:>>9). Ea`kfas `k Arokmthgo÷m k omtkrvkmgo÷m ^sogapk`hc÷cogh. ^sogapk`hc÷cogh. Jhrgkfamh4 ^rhxos. Ghrr, K. C. y atras (8??9)4 Omtkrvkmgo÷m gaepartheokmta.. Eh`ro`4 Hfohmzh. ^sogafacåh. gaepartheokmta

gaeumoghtovh

sajrk

fas prajfkehs

`k

Gkrkza, I. (:>>8). Fh voafkmgoh km fhs hufhs. Eh`ro`4 ^orèeo`k. Grhoc C. D. (:>>8) @kshrraffa ^sogaf÷coga. Eïxoga4 ^rkmtogk Bhff. Ksgu`kra, D. E. (8??2). Ommavhgo÷m Gurrogufhr y Ghfo`h` `k fh K`ughgo÷m, @aguekmta [movkrso`h` `k Eurgoh. Ksgu`kra, D. E. (8??2). Fh ommavhgo÷m y fh archmozhgo÷m Ksgafhr. @aguekmta [movkrso`h` `k Eurgoh. Lhz`om, H. K. (8??9). Ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth y sus hpfoghgoamks prègtoghs. Eïxoga4 K`. Kf Ehmuhf Ea`krma. Fhjrh`ar, I. D., Gruzh`a, D. H. y Euøaz, E. (8??9). Ehmuhf `k tïgmoghs `k ea`oioghgo÷m y tkrhpoh `k gam`ugth. Eh`ro`4 K`ogoamks ^orèeo`k. Ehrtåmkz, D.^. (:>>2). Omtkrvkmgo÷m hmtk prajfkehs `k gam`ugth y kstrïs `agkmtk. Km O Darmh`hs sajrk ^racrhehgo÷m `k [mo`h`ks @o`ègtoghs y `k Prhjhda km kf ehrga `k fh Fky Arcèmogh `k K`ughgo÷m. Ek`omh, H.>7). @oskøa, @kshrraffa k Ommavhgo÷m `kf Gurrågufue fhs Omstotugoamks Paea OO. 7ª K`. Eh`ro`4 [movkrsoths. Eïm`kz, I. D. y Ehgoî, @. (8??9). Ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth gam moøas y h`afksgkmtks. Eh`ro`4 ^orèeo`k.  Mkcra, H. (:>>9). Fh arokmthgo÷m km fas gkmtras k`ughtovas. k`ughtovas. Archmozhgo÷m y iumgoamheokmta iumgoamheokmta `ks`k fh  prègtogh. Jhrgkfamh. Jhrgkfamh. CZH×. Artkch, ^., Eåmcukz, Z. y Whurh, ^. (:>>7). Gamifogta km fhs hufhs. ^rapuksths k`ughtovhs. Jhrgkfamh4 Hrokf. Zkpktta, K. (:>>7) Omtkrvkmgoamks psogapk`hc÷coghs phrh kf `kshrraffa `kf hprkm`ozhdk, `k fh ghrrkrh y `k fh pkrsamh. Eh`ro`4 [MK@.

 

Whf`høh, G. (:>>8) (@or). @ktkggo÷m y prkvkmgo÷m km kf hufh `k fas prajfkehs `kf h`afksgkmtk. Eh`ro`4 K`ogoamks ^orèeo`k. Wèmgbkz-Yo`hf, H. (8??9). ^sogafacåh gaeumothroh. Jhsks gamgkptuhfks y eïta`as `k omtkrvkmgo÷m. Jhrgkfamh4 K[J W.F. Wash, G.@. y Ghphiams, D.O. (:>>;). Iajohs kspkgåioghs. Eh`ro`4 ^orèeo`k. Parrkca, D.G. (gaar`.) (:>>>). Ek`ohgo÷m `k gamifogtas km omstotugoamks k`ughtovhs4 ehmuhf phrh iarehgo÷m `k ek`oh`arks. Eh`ro`4 Mhrgkh. Yèzqukz, E.O. (:>>8). Pïgmoghs `k rksporhgo÷m y rkfhdhgo÷m. Eh`ro`4 K`. Wåmtksos. Yofh,, D. y Ik Yofh Ikrm rmèm èm`k `kzz-Wh Whmt mthk hkff ffh, h, E. E.G. G. (: (:>> >>0) 0).. Pr Prht hthe heok okmt mtas as ps psog ogaf af÷c ÷cog ogas as.. Fh pk pkrs rspk pkgt gtov ovhh kxpkroekmthf. Eh`ro`4 ^orèeo`k. 88.:. 88 .:. ZKG ZKG[ZW [ZWAW AW FKCOWFHP FKCOWFHPOYA OYAW W @ksthgheass fhs socuokmtks4 @ksthghea Ar`km `k 80 `k ikjrkra `k 8??9 (JAK, Ar`km (JAK, :7 `k ikjrkra) ikjrkra) sajrk kvhfuhgo÷m kvhfuhgo÷m `k fas hfue hfuemas mas gam mkgkso`h`ks k`ughtovhs kspkgohfks quk gurshm kmskøhmzhs `k rïcoekm ckmkrhf. Ar`km `k 80 `k ikjrkra `k 8??9 (JAK, (JAK, :7 `k ikjrkra) par fh quk sk rkcufh kf pragk`oeokmta phrh fh rkhfozhgo÷m `k fh kvhfuhgo÷m psogapk`hc÷cogh y kf `ogthekm `k ksgafhrozhgo÷m y sk ksthjfkgkm fas grotkroas phrh fh ksgafhrozhgo÷m `k hfuemas gam mkgkso`h`k mkgkso`h`kss k`ughtovhs kspkgohfks. Zkhf @kgrkta 9?9/?9, `k :2 `k hjrof `k Ar`kmhgo÷m `k fas hfuemas gam mkgkso`h`ks k`ughtovhs kspkgohfks. Fky Arcèmogh :/:>>9, `k 7 `k ehya `k K`ughgo÷m (FAK).

88.7.. ZKG 88.7 ZKG[ZW [ZWAW AW @OCOPHF @OCOPHFKW KW @ksthgheas pècomhs wkj thfks gaea4  gaea4  www.arokmthrk`.ks ^ècomh wkj gam `ovkrsas rkgursas ôtofks phrh fh arokmthgo÷m. www.ekg.ks ^arthf `kf Eomostkroa `k K`ughgo÷m y Gokmgoh `am`k sk pujfoghm pkro÷`oghekmtk `ovkrsas praykgtas `k åm`afk k`ughtova.

 

www.ghre.ks/k`ughgo÷m ^ècomh wkj `k fh Gaeumo`h` Hut÷maeh `k fh Zkco÷m `k Eurgoh `am`k sk pujfogh omiarehgo÷m rkfhtovh h fkcosfhgo÷m, gurrågufue, rkgursas buehmas, ktg. www.k`ughre.ks ^arthf gamk`ughtova. rkgursas ksgafhrks, omiarehgo÷m sajrk gamvaghtarohs gamvaghtarohs,, gamcrksas, darmh`hs, gursas y saitwhrk

 

^r acr heh 7H @AWWOKZ @K OMPKZYKMGO×M

 

EHPKZOHF ZOHF X[K GAE^AM GAE^AMK K KF @AWWOKZ  @AWWOKZ  H. EHPK EA@KFA 8

ZKCOWPZA @K FH @KEHM@H

EA@KFA :

GAAZ@OMHGO×M @K FAW HCKMPKW OE^FOGH@AW

EA@KFA 7 EA@KFA 0

HMÈFOWOW @K FH GAM@[GPH KM GFHWK HMÈFOWOW @K FH GAM@[GPH KM GHWH

EA@KFA ;

GAMWOWPKMGOH KM KMPZK FH FHW AJ AJWKZYHGOAMKW

EA@KFA 9

HWKWAZHEOKMPA H FH IHEOFOH

EA@KFA 3

HWKWAZHEOKMPA HF ^ZAIKWAZH@A

EA@KFA 2

HWKWAZHEOKMPA WAJZK FHW ^ZOMGO^HFKW PÏGMOGHW

EA@KFA ?

WKFKGGO×M @K FHW PÏGMOGHW @K EA@OIOGHGO×M

EA@KFA 8>

WKFKGGO×M @K ZKIAZTH@AZKW

EA@KFA 88

WKC[OEOKMPA WKEHMHF @KF HF[EMA/H KM KF GKMPZA

EA@KFA 8: 8:

WKC[OEOKMPA IH IHEOFOHZ @K @KF HY HYHMGK KW KWGAFHZ 

EA@KFA 87 87

WKC[OEOKMPA WK WKEHMHF @K @KF HF HF[EMA/H KM KM GH GHWH

EA@KFA 80

GAMPZHPA GAM@[GP[HF

EA@KFA 8;

PÏGMOGHW @K ZKFHDHGO×M

EA@KFA 89

KYHF[HGO×M @KF ^ZACZHEH

EA@KFA 83

WKC[OEOKMPA @KF ^ZACZHEH

 

^HWAW W @KF @KF ^ZACZH ^ZACZHEH EH 7H 7H J. ^HWA 8. Kf gaar`omh` gaar`omh`ar ar `kf pracrheh pracrheh u arokmth`ar/h arokmth`ar/h rkcostrh rkcostrh fh `kehm`h. `kehm`h. EA@KFA EA@KFA 84 ZKCOWPZA ZKCOWPZA @K FH @KEHM@H. :. Wk rkhf ozh umhprajfkeètoghs rkumo÷m `am`k rkumo÷m `am`kkmskgfhsk rkphrtkm rkphrtkm `agu `aguekmt as mkgkshroa mkgkquk shroas phrh gamagkr gama guèfks sam fhs rkhfozh gam`ugths y km fas ghsh. Fhsekmtas rkumoamks sks tkmchm sk gkr ga`oioghrèm km kf EA@KFA :4 GAAZ@OMHGO×M @K FAW HCKMPKW OE^FOGH@AW. @kf eosea ea`a, km `ogbhs rkumoamks sk gaepfkthrèm hfcumas hphrth`as `kf ea`kfa 8. 7. Wk rkhfozh rkhfozh um hmèfoso hmèfososs `k fh gam`ugth gam`ugth km gfhsk gfhsk par phrtk phrtk `kf praiksar praiksar tutar tutar y hyu`h`a hyu`h`a par kf rksta `kf kquopa `agkmtk. EA@KFA 74 HMÈFOWOW @K FH GAM@[GPH KM GFHWK. 0. Wk rkhfozh rkhfozh um hmèfosos hmèfosos `k fh gam`ug gam`ugth th km ghsh ghsh par phrtk phrtk `k fh iheofoh. iheofoh. EA@KFA EA@KFA 04 HMÈF HMÈFOWOW OWOW @K FH GAM@[GPH KM GHWH. ;. Kf gaar`omh`ar, dumta dumta gam kf tutar tutar a praiksar kmghrch`a kmghrch`a `kf hmèfosos `k `k fh gam`ugth gam`ugth km gfhsk y gam fh iheofoh, bhgkm umh gaephrhtovh kmtrk fhs gam`ugths quk ehmoioksth kf sudkta km kf hufh y fhs quk sk ajskrvhm km ghsh. @kf eosea ea`a, sk bhgk um hmèfosos iruta `kf guhf sk `ktkgthm gamcrukmgohs k omgamcrukmgohs km su gam`ugth. EA@KFA ;4 GAMWOWPKMGOH KMPZK FHW AJWKZYHGOAMKW AJWKZYHGOAMKW.. 9. [mh [mh vk vkzz rkhfozh` rkhfozh`aa kf hmèfoso hmèfososs `k fh gam`ugt gam`ugthh y km iumgo÷m iumgo÷m `k fh omi omiare arehg hgo÷m o÷m ajtkmo ajtkmo`h `h kf gaar`omh`ar u arokmth`ar `hrè umh skrok `k arokmthgoamks. @kpkm`okm`a `kf gafkgtova hf quk vhyh `oroco`a kmgamtrheas4 h. Arokmthgo Arokmthgoamks amks phrh phrh fas ph`rks, ph`rks, eh`rks eh`rks a tutarks tutarks fkchfks. fkchfks. EA@KFA EA@KFA 94 HWKWAZHEOKMPA H FH IHEOFOH.  j. Arokmthgoamks phrh quk kf praiksarh`a trhjhdk gam kf sudkta y gam su crupa `k rkikrkmgoh. EA@KFA 34 HWKWAZHEOKMPA HF ^ZAIKWAZH@A. g. Arokmthgo Arokm thgoamks sajrkh`as. sajrk fhs .promgophfks promgo phfksFA tïgmoghs tïgmogh ea`oiogh ea`oioghgo÷m go÷m `k gam`ugth gam`ugth h ta`as fas eokejras eoke jrasamksoepfogh`as oepfog EA@KFA EA@K 24 s `k HWKWAZHE HWKW AZHEOKMPA OKMPA WAJZK WAJZ K FHW ^ZOMGO^HFKW PÏGMOGHW. 3. Gam ta`h ta`h fh omiarehgo÷ omiarehgo÷mm `h`h sk skfkgg skfkggoamh oamh fh tïgmogh tïgmogh eès eès ôtof phrh gh`h gh`h ghsa y sk rkcostrh rkcostrh  par ksgrota km kf EA@KFA ?4 WKFKGGO×M @K FHW PÏGMOGHW @K EA@OIOGHGO×M. [mh vkz kfkco`h fh/s tïgmogh/s sk hgfhrhm fhs `u`hs y sk rkphrtkm rkspamshjofo`h`ks.

 

iumgo÷m `k fh tïgmogh tïgmogh skfkggoamh skfkggoamh`h `h utofozhrkea utofozhrkeass um ehtkrohf ehtkrohf u atra. Km guhfquokr guhfquokr ghsa, ks 2. Km iumgo÷m  pasojfk y rkgaekm`hjfk utofozhr eès `k umh tïgmogh soeuftèmkhekm soeuftèmkhekmtk tk sokeprk quk ma sk gamtrhpamchm. gamtrhpamch m. Hså4 h. Wo `kskhe `kskheas as rkiarzhr rkiarzhr fhs gam` gam`ugth ugthss pasotovhs pasotovhs `kjke `kjkeas as gamagkr gamagkr quï ks ks fa quk fk custh custh hf sudkta. ^ar thmta, thmta, mkgksothrkeas mkgksothrkeas kf EA@KFA 8>4 WKFKGGO×M @K ZKIAZTH@AZKW. ^règtoghekmtk ^règtoghekmtk ta`h hgtuhgo÷m quk `kshrraffkeas phsh par  `ktk `ktkreomh reomhrr quï topa `k kstå kståeufas eufas pa`keas pa`keas utofozhr gam kf sudkta par su vhfar  rkiarzhmtk.  j. Wo fa quk sk prktkm`k ks ffkvhr um gamtraf `k fhs gam`ugths `kf sudkta km kf gkmtra, utofozhm`a fh omiarehgo÷m ajtkmo`h crhgohs hf hmèfosos `k mkgkso`h`ks, utofozhrkeas kf EA@KFA 884 WKC[OEOKMPA WKC[OEOKMPA WKEHMHF @KF HF[EMA/H KM KF KF GKMPZA. GKMPZA. g. Wo prktkm`k prktkm`keas eas quk fas ph`rks ph`rks gamazg gamazghm hm kf gae gaepar parthe theokm okmta ta `k su boda km kf huf hufhh `ohrohekmtk mas gaar`omhrkeas gam kffas h trhvïs `kf EA@KFA 8:4 WKC[OEOKMPA IHEOFOHZ @KF HYHMGK KWGAFHZ. `. Wo `kskheas `kskheas rkcostrh rkcostrhrr fh gam`ugth gam`ugth `kf hfuema/h hfuema/h km kf èejota èejota iheofohr iheofohr phrh, km iumgo÷m iumgo÷m `k kf kffh fh,, h` h`eo eomo most strh rhrr rk rkiu iukr krza zass a gh ghst stoc ocas as bh bhrk rkea eass us usaa `k `kff EA EA@K @KFA FA 87 8744 WKC[OEOKMPA WKEHMHF @KF HF[EMA/H KM GHWH. Phmta kf ea`kfa 88 gaea kf ea`kfa 87 mas pkreotkm ffkvhr h ghja umh kgamaeåh `k iogbhs yh quk gam `ogbas `og bas `ag `aguek uekmta mtass pa` pa`kea keass ffk ffkvhr vhr um rkc rkcost ostra ra `k fhs gam gam`ug `ugths ths `kf su sudkt dktaa y h`eomostrhr prkeoas a shmgoamks. k. Wo sk quokrk quokrk pamkr pamkr km ehrgbh ehrgbh um gamtrhta gamtrhta `k gam`ugt gam`ugthh `am`k fhs fhs phrtks oepfogh`h oepfogh`hss sk gaep ga epra raek ekth thmm h hp hpfo fogh ghrr um umhh sk skro rokk `k tï tïgm gmog oghs hs ut utof ofoz ozhr hrke keas as kf EA EA@K @KFA FA 80 8044 GAMPZHPA GAM@[GP[HF. i. Wo qukrkea qukrkeass `athr hf hf sudkta sudkta a h su crupa crupa `k rkikrkmg rkikrkmgoh oh `k umh skrok skrok `k `k kstrh kstrhtkco tkcohs hs phrh  pa`kr ghfehrsk y gamgkmtrhrsk ushrkeas kf EA@KFA 8;4 PÏGMOGHW @K ZKFHDHGO×M. c. Wo sk prktkm`k prktkm`k pamkr pamkr km ehrgbh ehrgbh guhfquok guhfquokrh rh `k fhs atrhs tïgmog tïgmoghs hs quk sk kxpfogothra kxpfogothramm km kf ea`kfaquk ? puk`hm rkgar`heas quk eès s÷fa`oiogufth`. ks mkgkshroa hsksarhr hf rkspkgta y hgfhrhr fas tïreomas prkskmthr ?. [mh [mh vkz `kea eass par io iomh mhfo fozzh`a kf pra raccrh rhe eh `kjk jkrk rkea eass kvh vhfu fuhr hrfa fa.. EA@ A@K KFA 894 KYHF[HGO×M @KF ^ZACZHEH. 8>. Iomhfekmtk, ffkvhrkeas ffkvhrkeas h ghja um skcuoeokmta skcuoeokmta `kf pracrheh phrh gamagkr gamagkr bhsth quï pumta sk bhm ehmtkmo`a ehmtkmo`a fas rksufth`as ajtkmo`as. ajtkmo`as. EA@KFA EA@KFA 834 WKC[OEOKMPA @KF @KF ^ZACZHEH.

 

EA@K @KFA FA 8 EA

ZKCO ZK COWP WPZA ZA @K @K FH FH @KE @KEHM HM@H @H

@HPAW @KF HF[EMA/H H^KFFO@AW G[ZWA

 MAEJZK IKGBH @K FH @KEHMH

 MAEJZK @KF @KEHM@HMPK @KEHM@HMPK GKMPZA

PFI.

ZKFHGO×M GAM KF HF[EMA/H IKGBH @K MHGOEOKMPA F[CHZ @K MHGOEOKMPA  MAEJZK @K FAW ^H@ZKW ^H@ZKW @AEOGOFOA FAGHFO@H@ PKFÏIAMA IODA

G.^. PKFÏIAMA E×YOF

K-EHOF APZHW KYHF[HGOAMKW (eatovas, rksufth`as, ikgbhs y kthph k`ughtovh km fh quk sk `okram)

EK@O@HW H@A^PH@HW BHWPH FH IKGBH Ek`o`hs prkvkmtovhs, ar`omhrohs a kxtrhar`omhrohs. Xuï rksufth`as sk bhm ajtkmo`a gam `ogbhs ek`o`hs. Xuoïmks iukram fas phrtogophmtks.

 

EAPOYA @K GAMW[FPH Ghushs par fhs quk hgu`k hf @.A., gam`ugths ajskrvh`hs, ajskrvh`hs, môekra `k heamksthgoamks bhsth fh ikgbh, kxpufsoamks, atrhs prajfkeètoghs4

HG[KZ@AW H@A^PH@AW Zkspamshjfks*

Iumgoamks / Hgtuhgoamks

* Bhgk rkikrkmgoh h quoïmks sam fas hckmtks quk ksthrèm oepfogh`as km fh ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth `kf sudkta. Kdkepfas `k rkspamshjfks4 Arokmth`ar, ^P, ^PWG, tutar/h, iheofoh, dkihturh `k kstu`oas, praiksarks `k cuhr`oh, gamskrdks, kmtrk atras.

AJWKZYHGOAMKW ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

EA@KF EA@ KFA A : GAA GAAZ@O Z@OMHG MHGO×M O×M @K FAW FAW HCK HCKMPK MPKW W OE^F OE^FOGH OGH@AW @AW GAAZ@O GAA Z@OMH MHGO× GO×M M @KF ^ZA ^ZACZ CZHEH HEH HF[EMA/H4 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. G[ZWA _ CZ[^A4 …………………………………………………………………………………. P[PAZ/H4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………. GKMPZA4 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. GAAZ@OMHGO×M @KF ^ZACZHEH M´4 …….

(M´ `k sksoamks `k skcuoeokmta)

IKGBH @K ZKHFOTHGO×M F[CHZ

HWOWPKMPKW (Ehrghr gam umh ‖x― fas gaepamkmtks `k fh rkumo÷m) Arokmth`ar/h ^P Putar/h HF ^PWG H.K. (Huxofohr   Iheofoh K`ughtova) Dkihturh `k kstu`oas ^raiksarh`a `kf hfuema/h4 @orkggo÷m ………………………… KYAF[GO×M _ WKC[OEOKMPA

KAK^ `k Gamvovkmgoh KAK^ Ckmkrhf Wkrvogoas Wagohfks ^afogåh Faghf Atras hckmtks4 ……………………

 

HG[KZ@AW

IKGBH @K FH ^Z×ROEH ZK[MO×M _ F[CHZ

Ajskrvhgoamks4 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

EA@K FA 7 EA@KFA

HMÈF HM ÈFOW OWOW OW @K @K FH GA GAM@ M@[G [GPH PH KM KM GFHW GFHWK K

ZKCOW ZKC OWPZA PZA AJW AJWKZY KZYHGO HGOAMH AMHF F HF[EMA/H4 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. G[ZWA _ CZ[^A4 …………………………………………………………………………………. P[PAZ/H4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………. AJWKZYH@AZ/H4 …………………………………………………………………………………... IKGBH @K FH AJWKZYHGO×M4 ………………………………................ ………………………………...................................... ................................. ........... BAZH @K OMOGOA4 ………………………..… BAZH @K IOM4 …………………………………… F[CHZ4 ………………………………………………………………………………………………. HGPOYO@H@ X[K ZKHFOTHJH4 ……………………………………………………………………. ^ar ihvar, ehrquk gam umh ‖x― fh gam`ugth quk bh ajskrvh`a km kf/fh hfuema/h. Fh kxhgtotu` `k fhs rkspuksths mas hyu`hrè h skfkggoamhr guèfks sam sus gam`ugths `osruptovhs y hså  pa`kr hdusthr k om`ovo`uhfozhr kf pracrheh `k omtkrvkmgo÷m y hsksarheokmta hsksarheokmta.. Wo ma ajskrvh fh gam`ugth `kdk fh ghsoffh km jfhmga. Crhgohs.

Gam`ugth 8. :. 7. 0.

Omtkrruepk km gfhsk. gfhsk. Eafksth h fas gaephøkras. gaephøkras. Ma rkhfozh sus trhjhdas. trhjhdas. Fas trhjhdas quk rkhfozh rkhfozh kstèm ehf.

;. qukhfrkhfozh kstèma.omgaepfktas. 9. Fas Ihfthtrhjhdas hf rkspkta praiksarh` praiksarh`a. 3. Ihfth hf rkspkgta h sus gaephøkras y gaephøkrhs `k gfhsk. 2. Ks oepufsova. oepufsova. ?. ^rkskmth jhdh tafkrhmgoh tafkrhmgoh h fh irustrhgo÷m. 8>. Croth gam hso`uo`h`. 88. Zkgbhzh h sus gaephøkras. 8:. Ks tkrga km sus `kgosoamks. 87. Wokeprk tokmk quk tkmkr fh ôftoeh phfhjrh km fhs gamvkrshgoamks. 80. [tofozh um fkmcuhdk vufchr. 8;. Ks vkmchtova. 89. Omogoh pkfkhs. 83. Humquk ma skh su gufph sukfk ksthr oepfogh`a km fhs pkfkhs. 82. Bh rajh`a. 8?. Bh `kstruo`a ehtkrohf prapoa.

±Wk bh `h`a1

 

:>. Bh `kstruo`a ehtkrohf `kf gkmtra a `k fas gaephøkras. :8. Ma kstè omtkcrh`h km kf hufh. ::. Wukfk rktrhshrsk. :7. Bh hgash`a skxuhfekmtk h hfcôm gaephøkra/h. :0. Ehmopufh h fh ckmtk quk tokmk hfrk`k`ar y fa gamsocuk. :;. Prhth `k ehmopufhr h fas `keès humquk ma fa gamsocuk. :9. ^okr`k kf ehtkrohf ksgafhr. :3. thr`k h gfhsk. :2. Ffkch ^rkskmth hjskmtosea. :?. Wukfk kxtrhvohrsk km fhs kxgursoamks. 7>. Ma puk`k trhjhdhr km crupa. 78. Kgbh fhs gufphs `k sus hgtas h atras. 7:. Bh omgkm`oh`a hfca. 77. Wk bh pkfkh`a iukrh `kf gkmtra y `kf barhroa fkgtova. 70. ^rkskmth um jhda rkm`oeokmta hgh`ïeoga. 7;. Dukch om`kjo`hekmtk gam kf ar`kmh`ar, e÷vof u atra hphrhta. 79. Ihfsoiogh fh ioreh `k sus ph`rks. 73. Ma puk`k ksthrsk quokta km su sotoa. 72. Ma sk kmgukmtrh g÷ea`a km gfhsk, ma sk sokmtk omtkcrh`a. 7?. Wk grkk omikroar h sus gaephøkras/hs. 0>. Wk fk bh ajskrvh`a gamsueokm`a hfcôm topa `k `rach. Atrhs gam`ugths ajskrvh`hs ajskrvh`hs y ma gamtkepfh`hs km fh thjfh4 8) :) 7) 0) ;)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….....

@k ta`hs fhs gam`ugths kxpuksths, ±guèfks sam fhs trks quk eès pkrturjhm kf iumgoamheokmta `kf hufh  par `hrsk gam ehyar irkgukmgoh irkgukmgoh a par fh omtkmso`h` omtkmso`h` gam fh quk sk sk `hm1 8) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. :) 7) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 

EA@K @KFA FA 0 EA

HMÈF HM ÈFOW OWOW OW @K @K FH GA GAM@ M@[G [GPH PH KM KM GHWH GHWH

ZKCOW ZKC OWPZA PZA AJW AJWKZY KZYHGO HGOAMH AMHF F HF[EMA/H4 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. G[ZWA _ CZ[^A4 …………………………………………………………………………………. P[PAZ/H4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………. AJWKZYH@AZ/H4 …………………………………………………………………………………... IKGBH @K FH AJWKZYHGO×M4 ………………………………................ ………………………………...................................... ................................. ........... BAZH @K OMOGOA4 ………………………..… BAZH @K IOM4 …………………………………… F[CHZ4 ………………………………………………………………………………………………. HGPOYO@H@ X[K ZKHFOTHJH4 ……………………………………………………………………. ^ar ihvar, ehrquk gam umh ‖x― fh gam`ugth quk bh ajskrvh`a km kf/fh hfuema/h. Fh kxhgtotu` `k fhs rkspuksths mas hyu`hrè h skfkggoamhr guèfks sam sus gam`ugths `osruptovhs y hså  pa`kr hdusthr k om`ovo`uhfozhr kf pracrheh `k omtkrvkmgo÷m y hsksarheokmta hsksarheokmta.. Wo ma ajskrvh fh gam`ugth `kdk fh ghsoffh km jfhmga. Crhgohs.

Gam`ugth 8. :. 7. 0.

Omtkrruepk guhm`a bhjfhs. bhjfhs. Eafksth h sus bkrehmas bkrehmas (km kf ghsa `k tkmkr). Ma rkhfozh sus `kjkrks. `kjkrks. Fhs thrkhs quk rkhfozh kstèm kstèm ehf.

;. quk rkhfozh kstèm omgaepfktas. 9. Fhs Ihfththrkhs hf rkspkta hf praiksarh`a. praiksarh` a. 3. Ihfth hf rkspkgta h sus vkgomas. vkgomas. 2. Ks oepufsova. oepufsova. ?. ^rkskmth jhdh tafkrhmgoh tafkrhmgoh h fh irustrhgo÷m. 8>. Croth gam irkgukmgoh. 88. Zkgbhzh duchr gam moøas `k su k`h` km kf phrquk. 8:. Ks tkrga km sus `kgosoamks. Pokmk quk skr fa quk ïf `och. 87. Wokeprk tokmk quk tkmkr fh ôftoeh phfhjrh km fhs gamvkrshgoamks. 80. [tofozh um fkmcuhdk vufchr4 phfhjraths, omsuftas, ktg. 8;. Ks vkmchtova. 89. Omogoh pkfkhs gam sus bkrehmas, vkgomas a proeas. 83. Humquk ma skh su gufph sukfk ksthr oepfogh`a km fhs pkfkhs. 82. Bh rajh`a hfca quk ma fk pkrtkmkgk. 8?. Bh `kstruo`a ehtkrohf prapoa4 ducuktks, guh`krmas, ktg.

±Wk bh `h`a1

 

:>. Bh `kstruo`a ajdktas `k ghsh. :8. Ma kstè h custa gam su iheofoh. ::. ^ar fhs ehøhmhs ma sukfk ksthr prkphrh`a phrh or hf gafkcoa. :7. Bh hgash`a skxuhfekmtk h hfcôm gamago`a. :0. Ehmopufh h fh ckmtk quk tokmk hfrk`k`ar y fa gamsocuk. :;. Prhth `k ehmopufhr h fas `keès humquk ma fa gamsocuk. :9. ^okr`k ehtkrohf4 fèpogks, ratufh`arks. :3. Ffkcheugba thr`k hhfas sotoas parquk ma hrrkcfhrsk hmtks. :2. Ihfth gfhsk. :?. Wukfk pkr`krsk km fhs kxgursoamks parquk ma bhgk ghsa `kf praiksar. 7>. Ma shjk duchr gam atras moøas prkiorokm`a bhgkrfa safa. 78. Kgbh fhs gufphs `k sus hgtas h atras. 7:. Bh pkch`a iukca h hfca. 77. Wk bh pkfkh`a km kf phrquk hfcumh vkz. 70. Whgh ehfhs maths. 7;. Dukch km kxgksa gam kf ar`kmh`ar, kf e÷vof a fh vo`kagamsafh. 79. Bh ihfsoiogh`a hfcumh vkz vukstrh ioreh. 73. Ma puk`k ksthrsk quokta eokmtrhs gaek a bhgk sus `kjkrks. 72. Ma sk kmgukmtrh g÷ea`a km ghsh, ‖phrkgk quk sk fk ghk kmgoeh―. 7?. Wk grkk omikroar h sus bkrehmas/hs a iheofohrks eès gkrghmas. 0>. Ffkch h ghsh gam såmtaehs `k kejrohcukz a gam afar h thjhga. Atrhs gam`ugths ajskrvh`hs ajskrvh`hs y ma gamtkepfh`hs km fh thjfh4 9) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. ?) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8>)………………………………………………………………………………………………..... @k ta`hs fhs gam`ugths kxpuksths, ±guèfks sam fhs trks quk eès pkrturjhm kf iumgoamheokmta `kf hufh  par `hrsk gam ehyar irkgukmgoh irkgukmgoh a par fh omtkmso`h` omtkmso`h` gam fh quk sk sk `hm1 0) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. ;) 9) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 

EA@KFA KFA ; EA@

GAMWOW GAM WOWPK PKMGO MGOH H KMPZK KMPZK FHW AJW AJWKZ KZYHG YHGOAM OAMKW KW

OMWPZ[GGOAMKW4 8. [mh [mh vkz rkgaco rkgaco`hs `hs guèfks guèfks sam fhs gam`ug gam`ugths ths quk sk `hm km kf hfu hfuema ema ajdkta ajdkta `k kst kstu`o u`oaa kf gaar`omh`ar a h`eomostrh`ar `kf ^racrheh 7H puk`k rkffkmhr fh socuokmtk thjfh gam ghrègtkr  :. 7. 0. ;.

9. 3. 2. ?.

vafumthroa rkgapofhr omiarehgo÷m h`ogoamhf.phrh Ks par kffa quk ma h`dumth momcôm hmèfosos ksth`åstoga phrh soma umh skrok `k grotkroas kfhjarh`as thf iom. Km `ogbh `ogbh thjfh thjfh sk trhth trhth `k pamkr pamkr km ga gaeô eômm fh fhss rk rksp spuk ukst sths hs `h`hs `h`hs par kf ajskr ajskrvh vh`a `arr `k `kff hejokmtk k`ughtova (Ajskrvh`ar H) y par kf ajskrvh`ar km kf hejokmtk iheofohr (Ajskrvh`ar  J). Fas åtkes åtkes kstès kstès rk`hgth`a rk`hgth`ass km kf eosea ar`km ar`km pkra utofozh utofozhm`a m`a um fkmcuhd fkmcuhdkk eès gaeôm km kf ea`kfa `k rkcostra iheofohr phrh hskcurhrmas `k quk fh ehyaråh `k fhs iheofohs puk`km kmtkm`kr fhs gamsocmhs. ^ar thmta, s÷fa bhy bhy quk ehrghr gam umh x km hqukffas hqukffas guh`ras `am`k fas ajskrvh`arks bhyhm  puksta umh x. x. Guhm Gu hm`a `a um eo eose seaa åt åtke ke ks eh ehrg rgh` h`aa ga gamm um umhh x th thmt mtaa pa parr kf ajskr ajskrvh vh`a `arr H (k (kmm kf èe èejo jota ta ksgafhr) gaea par kf ajskrvh`ar J (km kf èejota iheofohr), ks skøhf `k quk sk `h a bh so`a ajskrvh`a km hejas èejotas. Ksta mas puk`k ffkvhr h fh gamgfuso÷m `k quk ksh gam`ugth sk `h thmta km ghsh gaea km kf gafkcoa y quk hejas ajskrvh`arks kstèm kstèm `k hgukr`a gam kffa. [mh vkz rkffkmhs fhs ghsoffhs gam fhs rkspuksths rkspuksths `kf ajskrvh`ar ajskrvh`ar H y `kf ajskrvh`ar ajskrvh`ar J phrh gh`h uma `k fas åtkes, sk bhgk um rkgukmta `k guèf bh so`a kf môekra `k gaomgo`kmgohs, ks `kgor, km guèmtas åtkes hejas ajskrvh`arks bhm pumtuh`a gam umh x kf eosea åtke. [mhh vk [m vkzz sh shgh gh`a `a kf mô môek ekra ra `k ga gaom omgo go`k `kmg mgoh ohss (^ (^@ @ a ^u ^umt mtuh uhgo go÷m ÷m @o @ork rkgt gth) h) aj ajtk tkmk mkea eass kf  pargkmthdk `k gaomgo`kmgohs gam gam umh skmgoffh skmgoffh rkcfh `k trks. H shjkr4 shjkr4 ^@x>,05 …… % `k gamsostkmgoh gamsostkmgoh.. @k ea`a hrjotrhr hrjotrhroa oa pa` pa`ke keas as gamso`kr gamso`krhr hr umh hfth gamsost gamsostkm kmgoh goh kmtrk kmtrk fhs rkspuk rkspuksth sthss `k fas ajskrvh`arks ajskrvh`a rks guhm`a kf pargkmthdk `k gaomgo`kmgohs sk sotôh ocuhf a par kmgoeh `kf 3;%. H`keès `kf hmèfosos hmèfosos guhmtothtova guhmtothtova quk sk puk`h puk`h kxtrhkr kxtrhkr `k ksth thjfh, thjfh, fh omiarehgo÷m guhfothtovh quk prapargoamh puk`k skr `k vothf oeparthmgoh yh quk mas prkskmth umh skrok `k gam`ugths quk sam vosths km hejas èejotas y, km kf ghsa `k quk ma sk `km, su hphrogo÷m a ma puk`k `osgutorsk km umh rkumo÷m pastkroar kmtrk ta`as fas eokejras oepfogh`as.

 

HMÈFOWOW @K FAW ZKCOWPZAW AJWKZYHGOAMHFKW

Åtke 8

H** J** GAOM.***

H

Åtke :8

:7 0 ; 9 3 2 ? 8> 88 8: 87 80 8; 89 83 82 8? :> Wujtathf 8

J

GAOM.

:: :7 :0 :; :9 :3 :2 :? 7> 78 7: 77 70 7; 79 73 72 7? 0> Wujtathf :

Wujtathf 8 + Wujtathf : (^umtuhgo÷m @orkgth, ^@)

x >,0

5

%

H4 Zkspuksths `h`hs par kf Ajskrvh`ar H. ** J4 Zkspuksths Zkspuksths `h`hs par kf kf Ajskrvh`ar J. *** GAOM.4 Gaomgo`kmgohs. Wk `hm guhm`a guhm`a thmta H gaea J ehrghm umh R km kf eosea åtke.

*

 

EA@K @KFA FA 9 EA

HWKW HW KWAZ AZHE HEOK OKMP MPA A H FH FH IHE IHEOF OFOH OH

AZOKMPHGOAMKW ^HZH EKDAZHZ FH GAM@[GPH @K P[ BODA/H _ GZKHZ [M GFOEH IHEOFOHZ ^AWOPOYA H gamtomuhgo÷m fkchfks sk `kshrraffhm umh skrok `k arokmthgoamks `oroco`hs h fas iheofohr. ph`rks, eh`rks a tutarks phrh ekdarhr fh gam`ugth `k su boda/h y kf gfoeh 8. Ma sk trhth trhth `k jusghr jusghr gufphjfks. gufphjfks. Pa`as Pa`as fas om`ovo`u om`ovo`uas as quk omtkrhgg omtkrhggoamhm oamhm gam gam fas `keès `keès sam km gokrth ek`o`h rkspamshjfks `orkgtas a om`orkgtas. Wk trhth `k rkspamshjofozhrsk km hpfoghr fhs arokmthgoamks. :. Fa quk sk boza kstè kstè bkgba. bkgba. Ks oeparthmtk oeparthmtk gamagkr gamagkr mukstra mukstra pumta `k phrto`h phrto`h pkra ks eès rkfkvhmtk shjkr bhgoh `÷m`k vheas y fa quk qukrkeas facrhr. ^ar thmta, gkmtrïeamas km ekdarhr  fh gam`ugth `k mukstra/h boda/h. 7. Wkr su heoca heoca ma ma ks fh ekdar ekdar apgo÷m apgo÷m.. @kjkeas @kjkeas skr skr ph`rks ph`rks hmtk hmtk ta`a. ta`a. 0. Ks euy oeparthmt oeparthmtkk quk ta`as fas fas h`uftas h`uftas oepfogh`as oepfogh`as km kf pracrheh pracrheh sochm sochm umhs phuths phuths gaeumks gaeumks y sk pamchm `k hgukr`a km fhs `kgosoamks quk `kjkm taehr gam rkspkgta h fas prkeoas y fas ghstocas. ;. Wo uma `k fas prackmo prackmotar tarks ks prkeoh prkeoh fa quk kf atra ghstoch ghstoch fh kioghg kioghgoh oh `kf pracrhe pracrhehh skrè mufh y `oiogufthrè fh puksth km ehrgbh `kf pracrheh gam pastkroaro`h` k omgfusa fh h`eomostrhgo÷m `k atra pracrheh puksta quk sk bhjrè bkgba rksostkmtk a omeumk. 9. [shr `ovkrsa `ovkrsass topas `k rkiarzh`ark rkiarzh`arkss phrh kvothr kvothr fh shg shgohgo÷ ohgo÷m. m. ^rkvohekmt ^rkvohekmtkk sk bhjrè hmhfozh`a hmhfozh`a kstk bkgba y sk bhjrè bkgba um fosth`a gam fas rkiarzh`arks h utofozhr. 3. Fh gam`ugt gam`ugthh prajfkeè prajfkeètog toghh ma sk `k `kshr shrraf raff÷ f÷ km um `åh. @kf eosea eosea ea` ea`a, a, `kstkrr `kstkrrhrf hrfhh ffk ffkvh vhrè rè su tokepa. Fh ghfeh hf promgopoa `kf pracrheh ks ium`hekmthf hså gaea kf `kshrraffa `k umhs kxpkgthtovhs pasotovhs pkra sokeprk `kmtra `k fh rkhfo`h`. 2. Wo hfcumh hfcumh `k fhs tïgmoghs tïgmoghs `k ea`oioghg ea`oioghgo÷m o÷m `k gam`ugth gam`ugth ma iumgoamh iumgoamh h fh proekrh proekrh ma as prkagupïos. prkagupïos. Wo `kspuïs `k um tokepa pru`kmgohf ma iumgoamh y sk kstè hpfoghm`a garrkgthekmtk, kxostkm atrhs quk så kmghdhrèm gam kf pkriof `k tu boda. Km guhfquokr ghsa, um pracrheh `k ea`oioghgo÷m jokm kdkguth`a sukfk `hr euy jukmas rksufth`as. ?. Fh gafhjarh gafhjarhgo÷m go÷m kmtrk kmtrk fh iheofoh y kf tutar tutar ks kskmgohf. kskmgohf. Wk `kjk `kjk `kshrraffh `kshrraffhrr umh gaeumoghg gaeumoghgo÷m o÷m ifuo`h. Hpômthtk kf barhroa `kf arokmth`ar `kf gkmtra k`ughtova `k tu boda/h, kf barhroa `kf tutar hså gaea `k hfcumas praiksarks gam fas phrh quk `kjhs Phejoïm `orkggoamks `k garrka kfkgtr÷moga y môekras `k tkfïiama ffkvhrgaar`omhrtk. um skcuoeokmta `k fhhmath gam`ugth `k tu boda km kf gafkcoa a omstotuta. 8>. Iodh umhs marehs gfhrhs quk, humquk humquk skhm ksghshs, ksghshs, skhm f÷coghs, kstïm puksths puksths km um sotoa vosojfk `k fh ghsh y tkmchm su rkspkgtovh shmgo÷m km ghsa `k skr trhmscrk`o`hs.

 

EA@K @KFA FA 3 EA

HWKW HW KWAZ AZHE HEOK OKMP MPA A HF ^ZAI ^ZAIKW KWAZ AZH@ H@A A

AZOKMPHGOAMKW ^HZH PZHJHDHZ GAM KF CZ[^A H gamtomuhgo÷m sk `kshrraffhm umh skrok `k arokmthgoamks `oroco`hs h fas praiksarks y tutarks  phrh ekdarhr fh gam`ugth gam`ugth `kf hfuemh`a hfuemh`a y kf gfoeh `kf `kf hufh. 8. H fh bar barhh `k pam pamkr kr km prègtog prègtoghh kf ^fh ^fhmm `k Hgg Hggo÷m o÷m Putar Putarohf ohf bhz eugba eugba bomghpo bomghpoïï `ur `urhmt hmtkk kf  proekr troekstrk km fhs marehs marehs `k gamvovkmgoh. gamvovkmgoh. :. Hs Hskcô kcôrht rhtkk `k quk ta` ta`as as fas fas/hs /hs hfuemas hfuemas/hs /hs gamagk gamagkmm kf Zkc Zkcfhe fhekm kmta ta `k Zïcoekm Zïcoekm Omt Omtkrm krmaa omgfuykm`a fhs marehs y shmgoamks. 7. Ks rkgaekm` rkgaekm`hjfk hjfk quk fhs promgop promgophfks hfks marehs marehs skhm gafagh gafagh`hs `hs km um fuchr fuchr vosojfk `kf hufh `k ea`a quk puk`hm gamsufthrfhs km guhfquokr eaekmta. 0. H fh barh `k kfkcor kfkcor hf `kfkch`a `kfkch`a a `kfkch` `kfkch`hh `kf crupa ks rkgaek rkgaekm`hj m`hjfk fk hsocmhr hsocmhr rkspa rkspamshj mshjfks fks `k atra topa `k thrkhs4 quoïm foepoh fh pozhrrh, quoïm sk kmghrch `k rkpamkr fh tozh, quoïm skrè kf rkspamshjfk `k sujor fhs vkmthmhs y `k jhdhrfhs, kmtrk atrhs thrkhs. Fhs thrkhs puk`km rathr h fa fhrca `kf gursa. @k kstk ea`a, kf `kfkch`a ma tokmk quk vkfhr par ksk topa `k hgtovo`h`ks y  puk`k gamgkmtrhrsk km fh rkprkskmthgo÷m `k su crupa `k hfuemas hmtk kf kquopa `agkmtk y `k guhfquokr `k hgtuhgo÷m quk sk prkgosk. ;. Wk `kjkm atra `kjkm kvothrtopa kvothr ihvarotose ihvarotoseas as a sotuhgoamks quk puk`hm puk`hm rksufthr hejocuhs hejocuhs a `osgroeomhtarohs. Kf pracrheh cruphf sk hpfogh h ta`a kf crupa par `kiomogo÷m. 9. Kvo Kvothr thr hpfhz hpfhzhr hr kf rkiarzh` rkiarzh`ar ar kstopuf kstopufh`a h`a.. 3. Ma hpfhz hpfhzhr hr fh hpfog hpfoghgo hgo÷m ÷m `kf `kf ghstoc ghstoca. a. 2. @k fas hmtkroar hmtkroarks ks bkgbas bkgbas sk `k `krov rovhh quk ‖fh prkskmt prkskmthg hgo÷m o÷m a rkt rktorh orh`h `h `kf kst kståeu åeufa fa `kjk skr  gamtomckmtk h fh keoso÷m `k fh rkspuksth `kf sudkta―. Ma `kjkeas `kdhrfa phrh `kspuïs. ?. @kjk @kjkeas eas skr phgokmtk phgokmtkss gam fas hfuemas hfuemas y hfuemhs hfuemhs quk sam mukvas mukvas km kf hufh hufh parqu parqukk `kjkrè tkmkr um pkroa`a `k h`hpthgo÷m hf pracrheh. 8>. [mh vkz gaekmzh`a gaekmzh`a kf pracrheh ïstk puk`k tkmkr tkmkr omogohfekmtk um rkgbhza ckmkrhfozh`a. ckmkrhfozh`a. Fa oeparthmtk ks ma gk`kr hmtk ksth sotuhgo÷m. Wo kf pracrheh `kdh `k utofozhrsk, som kspkrhr um tokepa phrh vkr sus kikgtas, kf hfuemh`a sk vafvkrè omskmsojfk y fh pr÷xoeh vkz quk sk  prktkm`h pamkr km ehrgbh atra pracrheh `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth fhs `oiogufth`ks skrèm ehyarks. 88. Gamvokmk utofozhr `ovkrsas topas topas `k rkiarzh`arks phrh kvothr fh shgohgo÷m. shgohgo÷m.

 

AZOKMPHGOAMKW ^HZH PZHJHDHZ GAM KF/FH HF[EMA/H H gamtomuhgo÷m sk `kshrraffhm umh skrok `k arokmthgoamk arokmthgoamkss `oroco`hs h fas praiksarks y tutarks  phrh ekdarhr fh gam`ugth gam`ugth `kf hfuema hfuema ajdkta `kf pracrheh. pracrheh. 8. @kjk kxostor kxostor gamagoe gamagoeokmta okmta par par phrtk `kf sudkta sudkta `k fhs gam`ug gam`ugths ths pkreoto`h pkreoto`hs. s. :. Kf sudktafhs tokmk quk gamagkr, ocuhfekmtk, guèfks sam fas gaepartheokmta gaepartheokmtass prabojo`as. prabojo`as. @kjkm gamagkr marehs y sus rkspkgtovhs shmgoamks. 7. @kjk @kjkeas eas hgtuhr hgtuhr ma s÷fa sajrk sajrk kf hfuema hfuema a hfuemh hfuemh soma thejoïm thejoïm sajrk sajrk kf crupa- gfhsk. gfhsk. 0. H fh barh `k vhfarhr vhfarhr quï gam`ugths gam`ugths sam sam fhs pkreoto`hs pkreoto`hs y guèfks guèfks sam fhs prabojo`h prabojo`hss `kjk `kjkrkea rkeass gamso`krhr fas `oikrkmtks gamtkxtas km fas quk sk ffkvhm h ghja puksta quk km iumgo÷m `kf gamtkxta umh eoseh gam`ugth puk`k skr gamso`krh`h gaea `osiumgoamhf a h`hpthtovh. ;. Wk `kjk kvothr kvothr quk kf sudkta sudkta ajtkmch ajtkmch umh rkgaepkm rkgaepkmsh sh gamtomckm gamtomckmtk tk h fh keoso÷m `k fh gam`ugth prajfkeh. 9. Kf rkiarzheok rkiarzheokmta mta `k umh gam`ugth gam`ugth,, yh skh pasotovh pasotovh a mkchtovh, mkchtovh, huekmth huekmth fh prajhjofo`h prajhjofo`h`` `k agurrkmgoh `k `ogbh gam`ugth km kf iutura. 3. Guhm Guhm`a `a sk `kjh omtkrhg omtkrhggoamh goamhrr gam fh iheofoh a gam gam kf prapoa hfuema hfuema kvothr kvothr fh mkchgo÷ mkchgo÷mm km fh arhgo÷m rkpfhmtkhm`a fh irhsk gam kf eosea socmoiogh`a pkra km hiorehtovh. 2. @kjkeas ksthr pkm`okmtks pkm`okmtks `k guhfquokr pkqukøa pracrksa pracrksa quk kxosth km su gam`ugth gam`ugth phrh rkiarzhrfa. ?. Gam Gamso`kr so`krhrke hrkeas as quk kf ajdktova ajdktova ôftoea ôftoea `k kstk pracrheh pracrheh y `k gh`h gh`h uma `k fas pracrhehs pracrhehs ks kf `kshrraffa omtkcrhf `kf sudkta, thf gaea sk prapamk kf sostkeh k`ughtova. 8>. Kf `kshrraffa omtkcrhf `kf sudkta oepfogh kf iaekmta `k umh umh hutakstoeh pasotovh. pasotovh. 88. Ma s÷fa sk trhthrè `k `athr hf sudkta, h fh iheofoh, `agkmtks y ta`as fas hckmtks hckmtks oepfogh`as `k fas gamgkptas y pragk`oeokmtas mkgkshroas phrh kf guepfoeokmta `kf pracrheh, soma thejoïm sk trhthrè `k iaekmthr umh hgtotu` pasotovh. 8:. H fh barh `k ushr rkiarzh`arks rkiarzh`arks tkm`rkeas tkm`rkeas quk gams gamso`krh o`krhrr fas socuokmtks socuokmtks pumtas4 `kjk `kjkeas eas gamagkr guèfks sam fhs prkikrkmgohs prkikrkmgohs `kf sudkta y su bostaroh pkrsamhf hmtks `k pamkr km ehrgbh kf pracrheh. Gam fh omiarehgo÷m `krovh`h `k fh kvhfuhgo÷m omogohf sk ajtkm`rè um fosth`a `k gam`ugths iumgoamhfks, iumgoamhfks, prajfkeètoghs, omgaephtojfks omgaephtojfks gam fh gam`ugth gam`ugth `osiumgoamhf y fas rkiarzh`arks h utofozhr. 87. Kf usa `k rkiarzh`arks vhroh`as huekmth fh prajhjofo`h` prajhjofo`h` `k ïxota puksta quk prkvokmk kf ikm÷ekma `k fh shgohgo÷m. 80. Fas rkiarzh`arks quk kstèm prkskmtks prksk`k mtks km kf hejokmtk mhturhf `kf hfuema sam eès ôtofks puksta quk pkreotkm kf ehmtkmoeokmta fh gam`ugth iumgoamhf. 8;. Fh hpfoghgo÷m hpfoghgo÷m `kf rkiar rkiarzheo zheokmta kmta `kjk skr gamt gamtomck omckmtk mtk h fh keoso÷m `k fh gam` gam`ugth ugth pasot pasotovh. ovh. @kf eosea ea`a, fh hpfoghgo÷m `kf ghstoca thejoïm `k skr gamtomckmtk h fh keoso÷m `k fh gam`ugth prajfkeh. Wk `kjkrè `ospamkr `k fas rkgursas mkgkshroas phrh bhgkr pasojfk kstk bkgba trhthm`a par ta`as fas ek`oas ma hpfhzhrfas. 89. Fas rkiarzh`arks rkiarzh`arks quk sk sueo sueomostr mostrhh kf prapoa sudkta tokmkm um ekda ekdarr iumg iumgoamh oamheokm eokmta ta quk hqukf hq ukffas fas quk sam kxp kxpk`o k`o`as `as par hck hckmtk mtkss kxt kxtkrm krmas. as. Ihv Ihvark arkgok gokm`a m`a kst kstkk gro grotkr tkroa oa kst ksthea heass trhjhdhm`a fh rkspamshjofo`h`, rkspamshjofo`h`, kf ksiukrza pkrsamhf y fh hutamaeåh `kf hfuema/h.

 

EA@KFA 2 HWKWAZHEOKMPA WAJZK FHW ^ZOMGO^HFKW PÏGMOGHW ^ZOM ^Z OMGO GO^H ^HFK FKW W PÏ PÏGM GMOG OGHW HW @K EA EA@O @OIO IOGH GHGO GO×M ×M @K GA GAM@ M@[G [GPH PH EA@KFH@A Bhgk rkikrkmgoh h fh kxpasogo÷m `k kdkepfas pasotovas `k fh gam`ugth quk `kjk rkhfozhr. Fh pkrsamh quk kdkguth fh hggo÷m sk ffheh ea`kfa.   KRPOMGO×M Wk trhth `k kvothr rkiarzhr fh gam`ugth om`kskh`h, ks `kgor, ma prksthrfk htkmgo÷m guhm`a kstè ffarhm`a, crothm`a a gam um rhjokth.  ZKIAZTHEOKMPA ^AWOPOYA Fh iomhfo`h` `kf rkiarzheokmta ks fh `k huekmthr fh prajhjofo`h` `k rkspuksth km kf iutura. Kxostkm `as topas4 kf kf rkiarzheokmta pasotova pasotova y kf rkiarzheokmta rkiarzheokmta mkchtova. mkchtova. Km kstk ghsa atarcheas um prkeoa, um rkiarzh`ar. ^ar kdkepfa, so kf sudkta ma eafksth `urhmtk um tokepa `ktkreomh`a ‗`as barhssk fk `h um pumta a umh cafasomh. Fas rkiarzh`arks puk`km skr `k euy `ovkrsas topas4 sagohfks, ehtkrohfks, proehroas, skgum`hroas, ktg. Fa oeparthmtk ks tkmkr km gukmth quk fa quk h um hfuema fk eatovh h atra puk`k ma iumgoamhrfk par fa quk tkm`rkeas quk gamagkr quï ks fa quk fk custh y quï ks fa quk fk `oscusth h fh barh `k `oskøhr kf pracrheh pracrheh y kf topa `k rkiukrzas quk utofozhrkeas. @kjkeas rkgar`hr quk kf kfacoa gaea rkiarzh`ar sagohf ks euy patkmtk y tokmk eugba kikgta. Fas rkiarzh`arks y fhs ekths quk kf prapoa om`ovo`ua pfhmtkk sam ekdarks quk fas kxtkrmas phrh ehmtkmkr fh gam`ugth h`hpthtovh umh vkz gksk kf pracrheh.  ZKIAZTHEOKMPA MKCHPOYA ^ar atra so fh`a, hfca quk fk`krksufth `kshcrh`hjfk guhm`agaea bhgkshghr hfcafhjukma. kdkepfa, bhgkpa`keas ta`as fas quothrfk `kjkrks sk fk kxoek rkhfozhr hfca `kshcrh`hjfk jhsurh ^ar  ksk `åh. Km kstk ghsa thejoïm prktkm`keas quk huekmtk fh prajhjofo`h` `k quk fh gam`ugth pasotovh sk `ï `k mukva km kf iutura s÷fa quk rktorheas um kståeufa hvkrsova.   ZKIAZTHEOKMPA @OIKZKMGOHF Ekzgfh kfkekmtas kfkekmtas `k fh kxtomgo÷m y `kf rkiarzheokmta rkiarzheokmta pasotova. Gamsostk km ocmarhr hqukffhs gam`ugth gam` ugthss praj prajfkeè fkeètoghs toghs phrh kvothr rkiarzhr su hphr hphrogo÷m ogo÷m pkra hf eosea tokepa h`eomostrhr h`eomostrhr um kståeufa rkiarzhmtk hmtk hqukffhs gam`ugths pasotovhs. Ks rkgaekm`hjfk quk hf eosea tokepa quk sk aeotkm a kxtomcukm fhs gam`ugths `ksh`hpthtovhs, `ksh`hpthtovhs, sk omsthurkm hqukffhs hqukffhs atrhs quk skhm iumgoamhfks k omgaephtojfks gam fh gam`ugth prajfkeh.

 

^ar kdkepfa, so kf prajfkeh ks quk sk fkvhmth euy h ekmu`a `k fh soffh km gfhsk, sk fk rkiarzhrè guhm`a kstï bhgokm`a umh gam`ugth omgaephtojfk gam fh proekrh thf gaea ksgrojor, `ojudhr,  pomthr, ktg. parquk hf eosea tokepa quk sam pasotovhs phrh sus kstu`oas, sam omgaephtojfks gam ksthr  `k pok.   GHWPOCA ^AWOPOYA Kf ajdktova km fh tïgmogh `kf ghstoca ks `oseomuor fh prajhjofo`h` `k quk sk `ï umh gam`ugth km kf iutura. Mukvhekmtk kxostkm kxostkm `as topas4 kf ghstoca pasotova y kf ghstoca mkchtova. Km kf ghsa `kf ghstoca  pasotova, guhm`a kf sudkta rkhfozh fh gam`ugth `kshcrh`hjfk sk fk prkskmth um kståeufa quk fk rksuftk hvkrsova. ^ar kdkepfa, eastrhr umh oehckm `kshcrh`hjfk, um samo`a kstro`kmtk, um afar `kshcrh`hjfk a umh arhgo÷m pumotovh guhm`a kf om`ovo`ua rkhfogk umh gam`ugth `kshprajh`h. `kshprajh`h.   GHWPOCA MKCHPOYA Kf skcum`a topa `k ghstoca rkgojk kf maejrk `k ghstoca mkchtova. Gamsostk km rktorhr um rkiarzh`ar a um kståeufa hcrh`hjfk guhm`a keoth fh gam`ugth prajfkeètogh. ^ar kdkepfa, quothrfk um ducuktk guhm`a pkcuk h su gaephøkra a rksthrfk tokepa `k shfo`h guhm`a ffkcuk thr`k.   POKE^A I[KZH Gamsostk km `kdhr hf hfuema/h iukrh `kf hejokmtk yh quk phrtoeas `k fh jhsk `k quk `ogba hejokmtk fk rksufth kstoeufhmtk y `ovkrto`a. Wk trhth `k hfkdhrfa `k fas rkiarzh`arks `kdèm`afa h um fh`a `urhmtk um tokepa kstopufh`a prkvohekmtk. ^ar kdkepfa, guhm`a um hfuema sk partk ehf sk fk `orè quk sk rktork h um fh`a `urhmtk um tokepa, kf hosfheokmta puk`k `hrsk `k `ovkrshs iarehs. Km ghsh puk`k skr  ffkvèm`afa h um phsoffa. Km gfhsk puk`k skr km umh ksquomh eorhm`a gaea kf rksta `k sus gaephøkras sk `ovokrtkm gam fh hgtovo`h` quk kstïm rkhfozhm`a. Phejoïm km gfhsk, puk`k ehm`hrsk hf hfuema quk kstï km fh phrk` pkra `k ksphf`hs h fh gfhsk. Kf ajdktova ks quk kf hfuema sk hjurrh par fa quk ks oeparthmtk quk ma rkgojh momcôm topa `k kstoeufhgo÷m. Ma `kjk skr eatovh`a mo `ostrhå`a. Wk iodhrè  prkvohekmtk kf tokepa quk `kjk ksthr km tokepa iukrh. Ïstk vhrohrè km iumgo÷m `k fh gam`ugth  prajfkeètogh keoto`h y `kf môekra `k vkgks quk sk prkskmtk. prkskmtk. Fh proekrh vkz quk sk partk ehf puk`k skr ffkvh`a h ‖tokepa iukrh― `urhmtk gomga eomutas k or sujokm`a uma a `as eomutas gh`h vkz quk sk vukfvh h rkpktor.   GAMPZHPA GAM@[GP[HF Ksth tïgmogh ks ôtof guhm`a kf hfuema tokmk fh ghphgo`h` `k rkspamshjofozhrsk `k sus hgtas, shjk fkkr, ksgrojor y kstè `ospuksta h gaepraektkrsk gam umh skrok `k grotkroas rk`hgth`as km um  phpkf. Kstk phpkf skrè rk`hgth`a socuokm`a fas promgopoas `k um gamtrhta. Km ïf sk kspkgoioghrèm quï gam`ugths sam fhs prajfkeètoghs, guèfks qukrkeas ghejohr, quï tokmk quk bhgkr kf sudkta phrh chmhr   pumtas y guèf skrè kf sostkeh `k ghmdka `k `ogbas pumtas umh vkz fas bhyh ajtkmo`a. Iomhfekmtk, ta`hs fhs phrtks oepfogh`hs iorehrèm kf gamtrhta.

 

 PÏGMOGHW @K ZKFHDHGO×M Km aghsoamks fh prapoh hgtovhgo÷m `kf hfuemh`a fa bhgkm fkvhmthrsk, bhjfhr, ktg. y fa oepasojofoth  phrh gamgkmtrhrsk gamgkmtrhrsk.. Ma `kskh eafksthr pkra `ksgamagk bkrrheokmths y kstrhtkcohs phrh pa`kr rkfhdhr  su hgtovhgo÷m. ^ar kstk eatova, rksufth euy omtkrkshmtk omstruorfa km tïgmoghs `k rkfhdhgo÷m `k iareh quk puk`h bhgkr irkmtk h `ovkrshs sotuhgoamks sagohfks y pkrsamhfks. Fhs tïgmoghs `k rkfhdhgo÷m sam ôtofks euftotu` `k hmtks sotuhgoamks4 phrhumh phrh kvothr umh pkfkh, hmtkPhejoïm hmtks s `k um kxhekm, kks xhekm, hmtks `kprhgtoghrfhs hmtks bhjfhr gam bhjfhr hfcuokmkm`ksgamago`a, `k bhgkr kxpasogo÷m arhf. gamvkmokmtk `kspuïs `k `ogbhs sotuhgoamks so fas movkfks `k hgtovhgo÷m socukm kfkvh`as.   KMPZKMHEOKMPA KM KM ZKWAF[GO×M @K ^ZAJFKEHW Fh rksafugo÷m `k prajfkehs ks um pragksa gaepfkda km kf quk kf sudkta `kjk taehr umh `kgoso÷m. Kf  pragksa `k taeh taeh `k `kgosoamks puk`k puk`k kmskøhrsk kmskøhrsk y hprkm`krsk. Fas promgophfks phsas phsas h skcuor sam4 sam4 @kiomor um prajfkeh. ^rapamkr safugoamks. Hmhfozhr `ogbhs safugoamks a hftkrmhtovhs. Kfkcor umh apgo÷m. Kvhfuhr sus rksufth`as. r ksufth`as. Km guhfquokr ghsa, ks pasojfk vafvkr h fh sotuhgo÷m omogohf km ghsa `k quk iomhfekmtk ma sk bhyh rksukfta kf prajfkeh.   KGAMAEÅH @K IOGBHW Wk trhth `k um sostkeh `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth quk ma s÷fa guhmtoiogh fh gam`ugth `kf hfuema, soma quk thejoïm prapargoamh prkeoas y/a ghstocas km iumgo÷m `k `ogbh guhmtoioghgo÷m. ^ar kdkepfa, sk puk`k rkcostrhr km umh thjfh kf môekra `k barhs quk kstu`oh, trhmsiarehr `ogba môekra km pumtas y fukca pfhmtkhr um sostkeh `k ghmdka `k pumtas. ^ar kdkepfa, gh`h vkz quk kf sudkta ajtkmch 8;  pumtas puk`k puk`k chmhr um bkfh`a bkfh`a y gh`h vkz vkz quk gamsoch 7> 7> pumtas, umh kmtrh`h kmtrh`h phrh or hf gomk. gomk.

  APZHW EK@O@HW @K GHZÈGPKZ CKMKZHF CKMKZHF Kxostkm atra topa `k hgtuhgoamks quk, om`kpkm`okmtkekmtk `k fh prajfkeètogh, puk`km utofozhrsk phrh ekdarhr kf iumgoamheokmta `kf hfuemh`a y `k su crupa. Gotheas, par kdkepfa4 Kf trhjhda km crupa, crupas `k omvkstochgo÷m, tutaråh kmtrk ocuhfks, ktg. Kf hpaya om`ovo`uhfozh`a om`ovo`uhfozh`a phrh umh `ktkreomh`h thrkh `kmtra `kf hufh. @omèeoghs `k crupa phrh ihvarkgkr fh sagohfozhgo÷m sagohfozhgo÷m.. Zafk-pfhyomc a `rhehtozhgo÷m `rhehtozhgo÷m.. @osguso÷m `k `ofkehs, gamifogta `k vhfarks, kmtrk atras. ^racrhehs kspkgåiogas `k4 bhjofo`h`ks sagohfks, k`ughgo÷m phrh fh shfu`, phrh fh  prkvkmgo÷m `k fh voafkmgoh, ktg. ktg.

 

EA@KFA ? WKFKGGO×M @K FHW PÏGMOGHW @K EA@OIOGHGO×M EA@OIOGHGO×M Wkcôm fas `htas rkgapofh`as km kf pracrheh `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth sajrk4 KF/FH HF[EMA/H……………………………………………………………`kf G[ZWA.............., ksgafhrozh`aa km kf gkmtra............. ksgafhrozh` gkmtra................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ........................................., ..................., fhs gam`ugths quk gam eès irkgukmgoh irkgukmgoh rkhfozh pkrturjhm`a kf hejokmtk hejokmtk pr÷xoea sam4

^ar ta`a kffa y gam kf ajdktova `k4 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Wk skfkggoamhm fhs socuokmtks tïgmoghs* bhjokm`a so`a gamvkmokmtkekmtk omiareh`as fas hckmtks oepfogh`as km h`eomostrhrfhs4 Wk puk`k y sk rkgaeokm`h skfkggoamhr eès `k umh tïgmogh. Ehrgh gam umh ‖x― so fh tïgmogh vh `oroco`h hf sudkta y/a su crupa `k rkikrkmgoh. r kikrkmgoh.

W u d kt a

C ru p a

P ï gm o gh Ea`kfh`a Kxtomgo÷m Zkiarzheokmta  pasotova Zkiarzheokmta mkchtova Zkiarzheokmta `oikrkmgohf Ghstoca pasotova

Wu dk ta

Cr u p a

P ï g mo g h Ghstoca mkchtova Pokepa iukrh Gamtrhta gam`ugtuhf Pïgmoghs `k rkfhdhgo÷m`k Zksafugo÷m  prajfkehs Kgamaeåh `k iogbhs

APZHW EK@O@HW4 ……………………………………………………………………………………….. Km …………………., h ……. `k …………………………… `k :>…..

Ioreh `k fas hckmtks oepfogh`as k omiareh`as

 

EA@KFA 8> WKFKGGO×M @K ZKIAZTH@AZKW KFHJ KF HJAZ AZHG HGO× O×M M @K @KF F FO FOWP WPH@ H@A A @K ZK ZKIA IAZT ZTH@ H@AZ AZKW KW HF[EMA/H4 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. G[ZWA _ CZ[^A4 …………………………………………………………………………………. P[PAZ/H4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………. GKMPZA4 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. OMWPZ[GGOAMKW 8. Kf sudkta skfkggoamhrè skfkggoamhrè guèfks guèfks sam fhs gashs quk fk custhm. custhm. :. [m rkiarzh`ar puk`k puk`k skr umh hgtovo`h`, hgtovo`h`, umh oehckm, umh pkfågufh, umh phfhjrh phfhjrh (kfacoa), ktg. Kxostk umh crhm vhrok`h` km kf hejokmtk. Fa oeparthmtk ks quk skh htrhgtovh y eatovh`arh. 7. Guèm Guèmtas tas eès rkiarzh`a rkiarzh`arks rks sk kfodhm kfodhm ekdar. 0. Wk proarozhrèm proarozhrèm hqukffas hqukffas rkiarzh`ar rkiarzh`arks ks quk skhm eès iègofks iègofks `k gams gamskcuo kcuorr par ksth ksthrr km kf hejo hejokmtk kmtk omek`ohta `kf sudkta, par skr mhturhfks, par skr jhrhtas y hskquojfks y hqukffas quk kf prapoa sudkta  puk`h hutah`eomostrhrsk. hutah`eomostrhrsk. ;. Wk bh trh trhth` th`aa `k quk kf socuokm socuokmtk tk fos fosth` th`aa euk eukstr strkk gam gam`ug `ugths ths omgaeph omgaephtoj tojfks fks gam fh gam gam`ug `ugth th  prajfkeh. 9. Fas rkiarzh`ar rkiarzh`arks ks quk iomhfekmtk iomhfekmtk sk `kgo`hm omgfuor omgfuor km kf pracr pracrheh heh `k ea`oioghgo÷m ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth gam`ugth `kjkrè hdusthrsk h fh k`h` gramaf÷cogh y eh`urkz `kf sudkta. @kf eosea ea`a, `kjkrèm skr  gamskmsuh`as gamskmsuh `as kmtrk ïf y fh iheofoh. H gamtomuhgo÷m sk prkskmthm umh skrok `k rkiarzh`arks, skfkggoamh skfkggoamh fas quk eès tk custkm. Wo km fh fosth ma hphrkgkm fas quk tk custhm, ksgråjkfas. GOMK Ykr umh pkfågufh km kf gomk. Ykr umh pkfågufh `k kstrkma. Ykr umh pkfågufh km um prkkstrkma. Hfquofhr umh pkfågufh km kf Yo`ka-Gfuj. Gaeprhr umh  pkfågufh `kskh`h. `kskh`h. KW^KGPÈG[FAW Kmtrh`h phrh kf tkhtra. Gamgokrta4 `k pap-ragl, `k su crupa prkikro`a, eôsogh gfèsogh, ktg. Hsostkmgoh h eam÷facas. Whfo`h h jhofhr.

 

@K^AZPK (rkhfozhrfa ksparè`oghekmtk a gam hso`uo`h`, skcôm su ghsa) Mhthgo÷m. Htfktosea. Jhfamgksta. Pkmos, pè`kf, phfhs, pomc-pamc, ktg. Whfor h gheomhr. Wkm`krosea. Arokmthgo÷m. Ksghfh`h. Iôtjaf, iôtjaf shfh, ktg. Jhfamehma. Yafkojaf. Hkrajog. Gogfosea. Wkso÷m `k W^H. Wkso÷m km Jhfmkhroa. FKGP[ZH Zkvosths4 `k `ovufchgo÷m gokmtåiogh, `k `kpartks, `k bajjoks, ktg. Fojras. Pkjkas. ^akehs. Yosoth h fh ikroh `kf fojra a `k umas crhm`ks hfehgkmks. hfehgkmks. H`quoror um taea `k umh gafkggo÷m `k fojras. @k`oghgo÷m `k tokepa h fh fkgturh. Ioreh `k um fojra `kskh`a par su hutar a hutarh. HFOEKMPHGO×M Gkmh a gaeo`h gam fas heocas a iheofohrks. Gkmh a gaeo`h gam su mavoa a mavoh. Gboma, hsoètoga a dhpamïs. Othfohma. Gaeo`h hekroghmh. Ekdoghma. Ehrraquå. Whfo`h `k ‖thpka―. Archmozhgo÷m `k umh jhrjhgah. ^astrk kspkgohf4 bkfh`a, caiirk, gburras, gbagafhtk, ktg. KFACOAW Kfacoa vkrjhf. Hpfhusas. Zkgamagoeokmta Zkgamagoeokm ta km pôjfoga. ^hfeh`h km fh ksphf`h.

 

YOHDKW Ksghph`h `k iom `k skehmh. Ghsh rurhf. Yohdk `k kstu`oas. Ekrokm`h km kf ghepa a km kf phrquk. ^hshr kf `åh km umh faghfo`h` gkrghmh gam heocas. [shr um ek`oa `k trhmspartk `kskh`a4 hvo÷m, ektra, trkm, hutajôs, thxo, ktg. KMPZKPKMOEOKMPAW Whfor Whf or `k gae gaeprh prhss umh thr thr`k, `k, km ck ckmkr mkrhf. hf. Gaeprhr raph. Hbarrhr km umh bugbh fh phch. Whgh Wh ghrs rskk kf gh ghrm rmïï `k ga gam` m`ug ugor or.. Whfor km magbkvokdh. H`quoror um vo`kadukca `kskh`a. H`quoror um ajdkta `kskh`a. Om`oghr guèf4 ………………………………………………… APZAW …………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 

EA@KFA 88 WKC[OEOKMPA WKEHMHF WKEHMHF @KF HF[EMA/H HF[EMA/H KM KF GKMPZA GKMPZA HF[EMA4 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. G[ZWA _ CZ[^A4 …………………………………………………………………………………. P[PAZ/H4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………. GKMPZA4 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. WKEHMH @KF F[MKW F[MKW …. @K ………… @K :>…. HF YOKZMKW … @K ………… @K :>…. ZKCOWPZA @KF F[MKW HWOCMHP[ZH

^ZAIKWAZ 

GAM@[GPH KM KF H[FH**

PZHJHDA @K GFHWK**

GAM@[GPH KM KF ^HPOA _ KRPKZOAZKW**

Ajskrvhgoamks (kxpufsoamks, heamksthgoamks, vhfarhgoamks  pasotovhs)

8ª :ª 7ª Z* 0ª ;ª

9ª

 M´ `k phrtks / heamksthgoamks ^asojfks ghushs `k su gam`ugth

 M´ `k vkgks kxpufsh`a kxpufsh`a `k gfhsk

^rapuksths `k ekdarh * Z4 Zkgrka Zkgrka.. Fh ujogh ujoghgo÷m go÷m `kf rkgrka rkgrka puk` puk`kk vhrohr vhrohr km iumg iumgo÷m o÷m `kf `kf gkmtra gkmtra k`ughtov k`ughtovaa `am`k `am`k rkhfog rkhfogkeas keas fhs hgtuhgoamks. ** Wo fh gam`ugth km kf hufh ks jukmh sk trhmsgrojk fh pumtuhgo÷m ‖7―, so ks rkcufhr a ek`ohmhekmtk hgkpthjfk ‖:― y so fh vhfarhgo÷m ks mkchtovh sk ksgrojk ‖8―. Wk trhmsgrojk ushm`a kf eosea g÷`oca guhm`a mas rkiorheas h fhs thrkhs `k gfhsk h fh gam`ugth km atras ksphgoas `kf gkmtra (phsoffas, kxgursoamks, shfo`hs, phtoa, shf÷m `k hgtas, gaek`ar, kmtrka atras).

 

ZKCOWPZA @KF EHZPKW

HWOCMHP[ZH

^ZAIKWAZ 

GAM@[GPH KM KF H[FH**

PZHJHDA @K GFHWK**

GAM@[GPH KM KF ^HPOA _ KRPKZOAZKW**

Ajskrvhgoamks (kxpufsoamks, heamksthgoamks, vhfarhgoamks  pasotovhs)

8ª :ª 7ª Z* 0ª

;ª 9ª

 M´ `k phrtks / heamksthgoamks

 M´ `k vkgks kxpufsh`a kxpufsh`a `k gfhsk

^asojfks ghushs `k su gam`ugth ^rapuksths `k ekdarh * Z4 Zkgrka Zkgrka.. Fh ujogh ujoghgo÷m go÷m `kf rkgrka rkgrka puk` puk`kk vhrohr vhrohr km iumg iumgo÷m o÷m `kf `kf gkmtra gkmtra k`ughtov k`ughtovaa `am`k `am`k rkhfog rkhfogkeas keas fhs hgtuhgoamks. ** Wo fh gam`ugth ks jukmh sk trhmsgrojk fh pumtuhgo÷m ‖7―, so ks rkcufhr a ek`ohmhekmtk hgkpthjfk ‖:― y so fh vhfarhgo÷m ks mkchtovh sk ksgrojk ‖8―. Wk trhmsgrojk ushm`a kf eosea g÷`oca guhm`a mas rkiorheas h fhs thrkhs `k gfhsk a h fh gam`ugth km atras ksphgoas `kf gkmtra (phsoffas, kxgursoamks, shfo`hs, phtoa, shf÷m `k hgtas, gaek`ar, kmtrk atras).

 

ZKCOWPZA @KF EOÏZGAFKW

HWOCMHP[ZH

^ZAIKWAZ 

GAM@[GPH KM KF H[FH**

PZHJHDA @K GFHWK**

GAM@[GPH KM KF ^HPOA _ KRPKZOAZKW**

Ajskrvhgoamks (kxpufsoamks, heamksthgoamks, vhfarhgoamks  pasotovhs)

8ª :ª 7ª Z* 0ª

;ª 9ª

 M´ `k phrtks / heamksthgoamks

 M´ `k vkgks kxpufsh`a kxpufsh`a `k gfhsk

^asojfks ghushs `k su gam`ugth ^rapuksths `k ekdarh * Z4 Zkgrka Zkgrka.. Fh ujogh ujoghgo÷m go÷m `kf rkgrka rkgrka puk` puk`kk vhrohr vhrohr km iumg iumgo÷m o÷m `kf `kf gkmtra gkmtra k`ughtov k`ughtovaa `am`k `am`k rkhfog rkhfogkeas keas fhs hgtuhgoamks. ** Wo fh gam`ugth ks jukmh sk trhmsgrojk fh pumtuhgo÷m ‖7―, so ks rkcufhr a ek`ohmhekmtk hgkpthjfk ‖:― y so fh vhfarhgo÷m ks mkchtovh sk ksgrojk ‖8―. Wk trhmsgrojk ushm`a kf eosea g÷`oca guhm`a mas rkiorheas h fhs thrkhs `k gfhsk a h fh gam`ugth km atras ksphgoas `kf gkmtra (phsoffas, kxgursoamks, shfo`hs, phtoa, shf÷m `k hgtas, gaek`ar, kmtrk atras).

 

ZKCOWPZA @KF D[KYKW

HWOCMHP[ZH

^ZAIKWAZ 

GAM@[GPH KM KF H[FH**

PZHJHDA @K GFHWK**

GAM@[GPH KM KF ^HPOA _ KRPKZOAZKW**

Ajskrvhgoamks (kxpufsoamks, heamksthgoamks, vhfarhgoamks  pasotovhs)

8ª :ª 7ª Z* 0ª

;ª 9ª

 M´ `k phrtks / heamksthgoamks

 M´ `k vkgks kxpufsh`a kxpufsh`a `k gfhsk

^asojfks ghushs `k su gam`ugth ^rapuksths `k ekdarh * Z4 Zkgrka Zkgrka.. Fh ujogh ujoghgo÷m go÷m `kf rkgrka rkgrka puk` puk`kk vhrohr vhrohr km iumg iumgo÷m o÷m `kf `kf gkmtra gkmtra k`ughtov k`ughtovaa `am`k `am`k rkhfog rkhfogkeas keas fhs hgtuhgoamks. ** Wo fh gam`ugth ks jukmh sk trhmsgrojk fh pumtuhgo÷m ‖7―, so ks rkcufhr a ek`ohmhekmtk hgkpthjfk ‖:― y so fh vhfarhgo÷m ks mkchtovh sk ksgrojk ‖8―. Wk trhmsgrojk ushm`a kf eosea g÷`oca guhm`a mas rkiorheas h fhs thrkhs `k gfhsk a h fh gam`ugth km atras ksphgoas `kf gkmtra (phsoffas, kxgursoamks, shfo`hs, phtoa, shf÷m `k hgtas, gaek`ar, kmtrk atras).

 

ZKCOWPZA @KF YOKZMKW

HWOCMHP[ZH

^ZAIKWAZ 

GAM@[GPH KM KF H[FH**

PZHJHDA @K GFHWK**

GAM@[GPH KM KF ^HPOA _ KRPKZOAZKW**

Ajskrvhgoamks (kxpufsoamks, heamksthgoamks, vhfarhgoamks  pasotovhs)

8ª :ª 7ª Z* 0ª

;ª 9ª

 M´ `k phrtks / heamksthgoamks

 M´ `k vkgks kxpufsh`a kxpufsh`a `k gfhsk

^asojfks ghushs `k su gam`ugth ^rapuksths `k ekdarh * Z4 Zkgrka Zkgrka.. Fh ujogh ujoghgo÷m go÷m `kf rkgrka rkgrka puk` puk`kk vhrohr vhrohr km iumg iumgo÷m o÷m `kf `kf gkmtra gkmtra k`ughtov k`ughtovaa `am`k `am`k rkhfog rkhfogkeas keas fhs hgtuhgoamks. ** Wo fh gam`ugth ks jukmh sk trhmsgrojk fh pumtuhgo÷m ‖7―, so ks rkcufhr a ek`ohmhekmtk hgkpthjfk ‖:― y so fh vhfarhgo÷m ks mkchtovh sk ksgrojk ‖8―. Wk trhmsgrojk ushm`a kf eosea g÷`oca guhm`a mas rkiorheas h fhs thrkhs `k gfhsk a h fh gam`ugth km atras ksphgoas `kf gkmtra (phsoffas, kxgursoamks, shfo`hs, phtoa, shf÷m `k hgtas, gaek`ar, kmtrk atras).

 

EA@KFA 8: WKC[OEOKMPA IHEOFOHZ @KF HYHMGK KWGAFHZ  HF[EMA/H4 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. G[ZWA _ CZ[^A4 …………………………………………………………………………………. P[PAZ/H4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………. GKMPZA4 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. OMWPZ[GGOAMKW4 8. Kstk Kstk `aguekm `aguekmta ta tokmk gaea gaea ajdktova ajdktova omiareh omiarehrr h fh iheofoh iheofoh sajrk sajrk fh gam gam`ug `ugth th `k su bod boda/h a/h `urhmtk ksth skehmh `k iareh quk puk`hm taehr fhs ek`o`hs apartumhs. Zkgojhm um gar`ohf shfu`a y crhgohs par su gafhjarhgo÷ gafhjarhgo÷m. m. :. Gh Gh`h `h `åh kf/fh kf/fh hfu hfuema ema/h /h ffkvhrè ffkvhrè h su gh ghsh sh fh iatagapo iatagapohh `kf rkcostra rkcostra ffkvh` ffkvh`aa h gh ghja ja par kf  praiksarh`a `kf `kf gkmtra hgkrgh `k su su gam`ugth, thrkhs, thrkhs, `ospasogo÷m, heamksthgoamks heamksthgoamks,, ktg. 7. [mh vkz hmhfoz hmhfozh`h h`h fh omiarehgo÷ omiarehgo÷mm fh iheofoh iorehrè iorehrè km kf guh`ra guh`ra `kf `åh garrkspam garrkspam`okm `okmtk tk om`oghm`a `k ksth iareh quk kstèm omiareh`as `kf trhmsgursa `k fh darmh`h ksgafhr `k su boda/h. 0. Hpra Hpravkgb vkgbheas heas phrh omiareh omiarehrfks rfks `k quk puk`km puk`km pamkrsk pamkrsk km gamthgta gamthgta gam gam kf gkmtra y safog safogothr  othr  umh rkumo÷m gam kf tutar, dkihturh `k kstu`oas, guhfquokrh `k fas praiksarks quk `hm gfhsk h su boda/h a jokm gam kf arokmth`ar guhm`a fa kstoekm apartuma. ;. Hf gamgfuor gamgfuor fh skehmh skehmh y rkgapofhr rkgapofhr ta`hs ta`hs fhs iorehs kf/fh kf/fh hfuema/h hfuema/h ffkvhrè ffkvhrè kstk `aguek `aguekmta mta h su tutar quokm, km fh rkumo÷m `k tutarks, trhsfh`hrè fh omiarehgo÷m hf arokmth`ar phrh su hrgbova. Crhgohs par su gafhjarhgo÷ gafhjarhgo÷m. m. _A,…………………………………………………………………………………………………….  ph`rk/eh`rk  ph`rk/e h`rk a tutar ek e k `ay par kmtkrh` k mtkrh`a/h a/h `kf `k f gaepartheo gae partheokmta kmta `k eo boda/h y `k su rkm`oeokmta iorehm`a km kf `åh garrkspam`okmtk4 g arrkspam`okmtk4 WKEHMH @KF F[MKW…….. HF YOKZMKW................@K :>… F[MKW

I`a.

EHZPKW

I`a.

EOÏZGAFKW

I`a.

D[KYKW

I`a.

YOKZMKW

I`a.

 

EA@KFA 87 WKC[OEOKMPA WKEHMHF @KF HF[EMA/H KM GHWH HF[EMA4 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. G[ZWA _ CZ[^A4 …………………………………………………………………………………. P[PAZ/H4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………. GKMPZA4 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. WKEHMH @KF F[MKW ……. @K …….…………… @K :>…….

HF @AEOMCA ……. @K ….……………… @K :>……. PKE^AZHFOTHGO×M ±Xuï kvhfuhr1* 8. ±Bh hsosto`a h gfhsk1 :. M´ `k barhs `k kstu`oa 7.Gam`ugth 0.Omsu jar`omhgoamks ;. M´ `k hgtas voafkmtas

9. Atrhs gam`ug- ths

Fumks

Ehrtks

Eoïrgafks

Dukvks

Yokrmks

Wèjh`a

@a e o m c a

Pathf

 

*fmstruggoamks phrh fh ga`oioghgo÷m 8. ±Bh hsosto`a h gfhsk1 H trhvïs `k ksth prkcumth sk prktkm`k quk kf ph`rk, eh`rk a tutar taek gamgokmgoh `kf supuksta bostarohf hjskmtosth `kf hfuema, km kf ghsa `k quk ksk skh kf ghsa. Wk rkspam`krè gam4 h. WO, so so sk tokm tokmkk gamst gamsthmg hmgoh oh `k quk bh o`a o`a h ta`hs ta`hs fhs gfhs gfhsks. ks.  j. MA, so sk tokmk gamsthmgoh `k quk bh ihfth`a h umh umh a eès gfhsks. gfhsks. g. MW, guhm`a guhm`a fh iheofo iheofohh ma puk`h puk`h hskcurhr hskcurhr so su boda boda bh ihfth`a ihfth`a a ma h gfhsk gfhsk puksta quk quk ma `ospamk km kf eaekmta `k rkffkmhr fh thjfh `k fh omiarehgo÷m apartumh. Kf sèjh`a y kf `aeomca hphrkgkm saejrkh`as yh quk ma sam `åhs fkgtovas. Fa eosea sk bhrè gam hqukffas `åhs quk, h pkshr `k ksthr sotuh`as kmtrk fumks y vokrmks, ma bhyh gfhsk par  ikstovo`h`. Km kstk ghsa ma sk pam`rè pumtuhgo÷m y sk saejrkhrè kf `åh a fas `åhs km guksto÷m. :.  M´ `k barhs `k kstu`oa. Wk bhrè um rkcostra sostkeètoga `kf môekra `k barhs `k`ogh`hs hf kstu`oa km ckmkrhf. Km ïstk sk omgfuyk fh rkhfozhgo÷m `k thrkhs `k gfhsk, fkgturhs, rksôekmks, soeufhgras `k kxèekmks, rkhfozhgo÷m `k trhjhdas y fh prkphrhgo÷m `k fas gamtrafks. Wk gaeputhrè gam um môekra quk orè `kf > hf 8> pu`oïm`ask hpraxoehr h fhs `ïgoehs sokm`a fh umo`h` eåmoeh >,;. Wk sajr sajrkkmt kkmtokm` okm`kk quk rhrh vkz kstu kstu`ohrè `ohrèmm 8> barhs kf eosea `åh. Ks oeparthmtk quk kf hfuema/h skph quk sk rk`am`kh hf hfzh guhm`a ihftkm ekmas `k quomgk eomutas phrh ffkchr h fh pr÷xoeh umo`h`. Wupuksta 8. Wo um hfuema kstu`oh `urhmtk ek`oh barh hmathrkeas ‖>,;― km kf rkguh`ra `kf rkcostra `kf `åh garrkspam`okmtk garrkspam`okmtk.. Wupuksta :. Wo um hfuema kstu`oh Wupuksta kstu`oh um `åh 8; eomutas ma sk gaeputhrè gaeputhrè km fh thjfh yh quk fh eåmoeh umo`h` ks >,; `kjokm`a kstu`ohr hf ekmas ek`oh barh phrh quk sk puk`h skøhfhr. Wupuksta 7. Kf hfuema bh kstu`oh`a umh barh y quomgk eomutas. Wk fk gaekmth fh pasojofo`h` `k hmathr gaea tokepa `k kstu`oa 8,; (umh barh y ek`oh) h ghejoa `k quk kstu`ok `urhmtk hf ekmas gomga eomutas eès. @k ma bhgkrfa sk hmathrè ‖8― quk ks kf kquovhfkmtk h bhjkr  kstu`oh`a umh barh. Wupuksta 0. Kf sudkta bh kstu`oh`a `as barhs y trks guhrtas. @kjkrè kstu`ohr hf ekmas gomga eomutas eès phrh ksthr h ekmas `k quomgk eomutas phrh pumtuhr ‖7³ Hmathgo÷m gaepfkekmthroh4 gaepfkekmthroh4 Fh oeparthmgoh `k rkcostrhr kf môekra `k barhs `k kstu`oa rh`ogh km4 8. Gams Gamstotuy totuykk umh iareh iareh kioghz kioghz `k ffkvhr ffkvhr um skcuo skcuoeokmt eokmtaa `k fas hvhmg hvhmgks ks y `oiogufth`ks `kf hfuemh`a.

 

gaeokmza `k `k ta`a pracrh pracrheh eh ks umh umh vhrohjfk vhrohjfk iègof iègof `k apkrht apkrhtovozh ovozhrr y par thmta `k :. Hf gaeokmza ajskrvhr. Ksta mas hyu`hrè h trhzhr umh fåmkh jhsk sajrk fh guhf gaephrhr kf rksufth`a `k mukstrhs iuturhs hgtuhgoamks hgtuhgoamks.. 7. Hf skr umh vhrohjfk vhrohjfk iègofe iègofekm kmtk tk rkcostrh rkcostrhjfk jfk kf prapoa prapoa su sudkt dktaa puk puk`k `k rkhfozh rkhfozhrr umh hutakvhfuhgo÷m hutakvhfuhg o÷m gamtomuh ‗sokeprk gam fh vocofhmgoh `k um h`ufta-. 0. Wo kf sudkta sudkta gamagk gamagk guèf guèf ks kf rksufth` rksufth`aa `ohroa `k su su gam`ugth gam`ugth puk`k puk`k huekmth huekmthrr su skmshgo÷m `k hutagamtraf. ;. Pkmk Pkmkrr um gamagoeokm gamagoeokmta ta rkfhtovhekm rkfhtovhekmtk tk omek`ohta omek`ohta `k sus ksiukrzas ksiukrzas a ikk`jhgl `k su kdkgugo÷m huekmth fh eatovhgo÷m y kf rkm`oeokmta. 7. Gam`ugth. Wk pam`rè4 J4 Wo fh gam`ugth ks jukmh. Z4 Wo bh bhj bhjo`a o`a hfc hfcum umhh aghso aghso÷m ÷m km fh quk su ga gam`u m`ugth gth bh so` so`aa ehfh ehfh hum humqu qukk km km atr atrhs hs aghsoamks bh shjo`a gaeparthrsk y rkgtoioghr. E4 Guhm Gu hm`a `a fh ga gam` m`ug ugth th `kf `kf su sudk dkta ta kvh kvhfu fuh` h`aa bhyh bhyh so so`a `a eh ehfh fh.. Ksth iareh `k ga`oioghgo÷m puk`k skr ôtof guhm`a prktkm`heas rkcostrhr fhs gam`ugths. Ma ajsthmtk, phrheès bhgkr um hmèfosos praium`o`h``ky gam`ugth, pa`kr atarchr rkiukrzas a ghstocas `kmtraeès `k um pracrheh gaepfkda `k km ea`oioghgo÷m `kjkrkeas bhgkr um rkcostra ksth`åstoga. [mh iareh `k facrhrfa ks h trhvïs `k vhfarks mueïrogas `k gh`h umh `k fhs ghtkcaråhs. ^ar kdkepfa4 :4 Guhm`a Guhm `a fh gam` gam`ugth ugth skh jukm jukmh. h. Km kstk ghsa ghsa,, km fuch fuchrr `k pamk pamkrr ‖J― km fh badh badh `k rkcostra rkcos tra pam` pam`rkeas rkeas ‖:―. @k kstk ea`a past pastkroar kroarekmt ekmtkk sk pa`rè gamthjofozh gamthjofozhrr fh pumt pumtuhgo uhgo÷m ÷m ajtkmo`h. Gamso`krhm`a quk umh skehmh tokmk soktk `åhs y quk gh`h `åh kf sudkta puk`k ajtkmkr umh ‖J― par su jukmh gam`ugth, kf môekra eèxoea `k pumtas par gam`ugth ks 80 `k hgukr`a gam ksth ksghfh. 84 Wo fh gam`ug gam`ugth th ks rkcufhr rkcufhr a `kiogo `kiogothroh throh km aghs aghsoamk oamkss humquk humquk bh rkgtoio rkgtoiogh`a gh`a km atrhs atrhs aghsoamks. >4 Guhm`a fh gam`ugth `kf sudkta kvhfuh`a bhyh so`a ehfh. Km fuchr `k pamkr umh ‖E― rkcostrheas ‖>―. Zkgaekm`heas kf usa `k um rkcostra mueïroga (:, 8 ÷ >) km fuchr `k hfihjïtoga (J, Z a E)  parquk mas pkreotk pkreotk ajtkmkr rksufth`as rksufth`as ksth`åstogas eès eès iègofekmtk. 0. fmsujar`omhgoamks. Km kstk hphrth`a sk hmathrè kf môekra `k vkgks quk rkpfogh hmtk fh ar`km `k um h`ufta gamso`krhm`a, gfhra kstè, quk `ogbh ar`km kstè garrkgthekmtk `h`h y `kmtra `k um gamtkxta kspkgåioga. Hså, par kdkepfa, sk gamso`krhrè umh omsujar`omhgo÷m fh mkchtovh h rkhfozhr umh `kehm`h `kf h`ufta4 quothr a pamkr fh eksh, skmthrsk h kstu`ohr, ktg. Km kf guh`ra pkrtomkmtk sk hmathrè kf môekra tathf `k omsujar`omhgoamks par `åh kmtkm`okm`a h fh barh `k bhgkr kf rkgukmta quk guhmta ehyar skh fh goirh ehyar bh so`a kf môekra `k omsujar`omhgoamks y par thmta pkar fh gam`ugth.

 

Kf môekra quk sk rkcostrk km ksth kmtrh`h tkm`rè gaea goirh eåmoeh kf >, fa guhf rkifkdh > omsujar`omhgoamks omsujar`omhgoam ks y ma tkm`rè goirh tkgba. Fh rkfhgo÷m quk ehmtokmk kstk hphrth`a gam kf hmtkroar ks omvkrshekmtk prapargoamhf. Ks `kgor, kf môekra quk sk fk atarcuk h fh gafuemh ‖gam`ugth― skrè eès hfta ‗bhsth um eèxoea `k :- guhmta ekmar skh kf môekra `k omsujar`omhgoamks. Fa quk sk prktkm`k ks apkrhtovozhr umh vkz eès fh gam`ugth yh quk guhm`a bhgkeas umh vhfarhgo÷m `k fh gam`ugth `kf om`ovo`ua `k iareh ckmkrhf ks `oiågof ajdktovhr fh vhrohjfk. Hså, ma skrè fa eosea kf gaepartheokmta cfajhf `k um om`ovo`ua quk ajtokmk um : km gam`ugth y > km ga gam` m`ug ugth thss `k om om`o `osg sgop opfo fomh mh qu qukk at atra ra su sudk dkta ta qu qukk aj ajto tokm kmkk um : km ga gam` m`ug ugth th y : omsujar`omhgoamks. omsujar`omhgoam ks. Ajvohekmtk, kf gaepartheokmta cfajhf `kf proekra bh so`a ekdar  . ;.  M´ `k hgtas voafkmt v oafkmtas. as. Km kstk hphrth`a sk rkcostrhrèm hqukffhs gam`ugths quk vhyhm eès hffè `k fhs omsujar`omhgoamks.  Ma mas kstheas rkiorokm`a h fh mkchtovh h kdkguthr umh ar`km soma h fh omtkrhggo÷m voafkmth km kf kmtarma. Fh hcrksovo`h` puk`k or `oroco`h bhgoh um h`ufta, um ocuhf ‗moøa a moøh-, um ajdkta a bhgoh ïf eosea. Zksufth euy omtkrkshmtk gamagkr kf môekra `k hgtas hcrksovas quk eukstrh kf sudkta pkra rksufth hôm eès apartuma km quï gamtkxta sk gam `hm.su ^uk`k quk`kfasocuhfks hgtas voafkmtas `km gam su bkrehma, a bhgoh shjkr um h`ufta eokmtrhs quk crupa fh rkfhgo÷ms÷fa skhskjukmh. Ksth omiarehgo÷m mas hyu`hrè h ekdarhr fh omtkrvkmgo÷m. ^rapamkeas `as iarehs `k ga`oioghr fh omiarehgo÷m thf gaea sk bh bkgba km kf pumta 7 `kmaeomh`a ‖Gam`ugth―. ‖Gam`ugth―. H shjkr4 ^a`keas ga`oioghr ômoghekmtk ômoghekmtk kf môekra `k vkgks quk sk `hm fas hgtas hcrksovas pamokm`a > so ma sk bh `h`a y so sk `h, om`oghm`a kf môekra tathf ksh thr`k a `åh gaepfkta. ^ar atra fh`a, thejoïm pa`keas rkhfozhr um hmèfosos eès praium`a `k fh gam`ugth om`oghm`a4 om`oghm`a4 -

Môekra `k vkgks Môekra vkgks quk quk sk `h. `h. H`keès H`keès phrh phrh gh`h gh`h umh `k kshs kshs aghsoa aghsoamks mks sk hmath hmathrè rè fas `htas `htas quk h gamtomuhgo÷m sk ehrghm. ±@÷m`k14 ±@÷m `k14 Km Km fh prapoh prapoh ghsh ghsh y kf kf fuchr kxhgt kxhgtaa (shf÷m, (shf÷m, `areotaro `areotaroa, a, gagomh, gagomh, ktg), ktg), km kf kf phrqu phrquk, k, km fh ghsh `k fas vkgomas, km fh ghsh `k um gaephøkra `kf gafkcoa, km kf coemhsoa. ±Guèm` ±Gu èm`a14 a14 H quï quï barh barh a eaek eaekmta mta `kf `kf `åh sk bh `h`a. `h`a. Kd. Kd. H fhs fhs 824>>b 824>>b.. ±Guèmt ±Gu èmta1 a144 Mas ksthe kstheas as rkiorok rkiorokm`a m`a h fh `urhgo÷m `urhgo÷m.. Wk hmath kf tokepa tokepa trhmsg trhmsgurr urro`a o`a `ks`k `ks`k quk gaeokmzh kf hgta voafkmta bhsth quk sk tkreomh. Omtkmso`h` Omtkm so`h`44 Kstk hspkg hspkgtas tas ks ks hfca eès eès sujdkto sujdktova va phrh phrh vhfarhr. vhfarhr. @kjkea @kjkeass kvhfuhr, kvhfuhr, km km iumgo÷m iumgo÷m `k fh rkhggo÷m `kf moøa/h, guèf bh so`a fh omtkmso`h` `k fh gam`ugth voafkmth. Kstè gfhra quk ma ks fa eosea `hr um kepud÷m gam fh omtkmgo÷m `k hrrkjhthr h atra moøa kf asa `k pkfugbk quk ffkvh kmtrk fhs ehmas quk, km fuchr `k ksa, kepudhrfa gamtrh fh phrkgk, torhrfa hf sukfa y `hrfk  phth`hs hf atra atra moøa.

 

Kstas `as ghsas ma s÷fa vhråhm sus `htas `ksgroptovas km tïreomas `k `urhgo÷m `k fh gam`ugth soma thejoïm km tïreomas `k omtkmso`h` `kf hgta voafkmta. Wk vhfarhrè `k hgukr`a gam umh ksghfh topa Folkrt `k 0 apgoamks `am`k4 a ‖8―4 omtkmso`h` eåmoeh. a ‖:―4 omtkmso`h` ek`oh. a ‖7―4 omtkmso`h` kfkvh`h. a ‖0―4 omtkmso`h` euy hfth. Fh ut utof ofoz ozhg hgo÷ o÷mm `k um umhh ks ksgh ghfh fh ga gamm gu guht htra ra ap apgo goam amks ks aj ajfo foch chrè rè hf aj ajsk skrv rvh` h`ar ar h ma pa pa`k `kr  r  `kghmthrsk par kf pumta ek`oa tkmokm`a quk kfkcor kmtrk umh omtkmso`h` ek`oh a kfkvh`h. - ±Bh ±Bhgoh goh quoïm quoïm iuk iuk `oroco` `oroco`hh fh hcrksovo hcrksovo`h `h`14 `14 Gamag Gamagkr kr quoïm quoïm ks kf ajdkta ajdkta bhgoh bhgoh kf quk quk `or `orock ock su hcrksovo`h` ks umh omiarehgo÷m rkfkvhmtk phrh kf pracrheh. Zkgar`heas quk fh hggo÷m a gam`ugth hcrksovh puk`k or `oroco`h gamtrh umh pkrsamh (yh skh pkchr h um h`ufta a h hfcuokm `k su crupa `k ocuhfks), um ajdkta (`kstrazhr um ducuktk) a bhgoh ïf eosea (bhgkrsk `høa h  prap÷sota). Km kstk ghsa sk hmathrè fh pkrsamh gam fh quk sk pkfk÷ a kf ducuktk quk `kstraz÷ a so iuk ïf eosea kf ajdkta `k hcrkso÷m. 9. Atrhs gam`ugths. Ffkch`as h kstk pumta kf h`eomostrh`ar `kf pracrheh puk`k omtra`ugor guhfquokr atrh gam`ugth quk sk kstoek `k omtkrïs. ^hrh fh omgfuso÷m `k umh mukvh gam`ugth km kf rkcostra ajskrvhgoamhf sk rkgaeokm`h sk bhch sksoamks `k gaar`omhgo÷m `k fas hckmtks kstk ea`a sk chrhmtozh quk kf gamskmsa, gamsk msa,km kf fhs gamagoeokmta eutua, fh gaar`omhgo÷m eutua, `k fhs fhoepfogh`as. s hggoamks y@k kf rkcostra `k fh gam`ugth kstopufh`h km `oikrkmtks èejotas `k fh vo`h `kf om`ovo`ua.

 

EA@KFA 80 GAMPZHPA GAM@[GP[HF GAMPZHPA @K GAM@[GPH Kf/Fh hfuema/h ……………………………………………………………. hså gaea fhs phrtks oepfogh`hs, sk gaepraektkm h guepfor kf socuokmtk gamtrhta. AJDKPOYAW Kf hfuema sk gaepraektk h4 8. :. 7. WOWPKEH @K ^[MPAW Gh`h vkz quk kf sudkta rkhfogk `ogbhs gam`ugths rkgojorè fas socuokmtks pumtas. 8. Wo kdkguth gam ïxota fh gam`ugth gam`ugth 8 `urhmtk ………… ajtkm`rè........................... ajtkm`rè...........................pumtas. pumtas. :. Wo kdkguth gam ïxota fh gam`ugth : `urhmtk ………… ajtkm`rè............ ajtkm`rè............................pumtas. ................pumtas. 7. Wo kdkguth gam ïxota fh gam`ugth 7 `urhmtk ………… ajtkm`rè............ ajtkm`rè............................pumtas. ................pumtas. Fh ma keoso÷m `k fh gam`ugth ma tokmk pkmhfozhgo÷m, thm s÷fa ma pkreotorè hf sudkta ajtkmkr pumtas. GHMDKA @K ^[MPAW Km fh socuokmtk thjfh sk kspkgoiogh quï rkiarzh`ar ajtkm`rè guhm`a hfghmgk fas pumtas hgar`h`as4 Zkgaepkmshs ^umtuhgo÷m

 Mumgh sk airkgkrè airkgkrè kf rkiarzh`ar rkiarzh`ar hmtks `k ajtkmkr ajtkmkr fas pumtas phrh ghmdkhrfa. ghmdkhrfa. YHFO@KT @KF GAMPZHPA Kstk gamtrhta tokmk vhfo`kz `k um eks `ks`k fh ikgbh `k fh ioreh. Km ……………………, h ........ `k …………………………… `k :>…….

I`a. …………………….

I`a. ……………………. Ioreh `k fhs phrtks oepfogh`hs

I`a. …………………….

 

EA@KFA 8; PÏGMOGHW @K ZKFHDHGO×M H gamtomuhgo÷m sk kxpamk um cuo÷m phrh hprkm`kr h rkfhdhrsk. Kstk cuo÷m puk`k skr hpfogh`a h umh safh pkrsamh a h um crupa.

^hrh quï sorvk fh rkfhdhgo÷m 8. ^hrh gamtraf gamtrafhr hr fas mkrvoas mkrvoas hmtk sotuhgoam sotuhgoamks ks quk mas sam eafksth eafksths4 s4 roøhs, pkfkhs, pkfkhs,… … y kvothrfhs. kvothrfhs. :. ^hrh bh bhjfhr jfhr km pôjfoga a sotuhgoamks sagohfks (p.kd. (p.kd. guhm`a guhm`a mas `h vkrcökmzh vkrcökmzh bhjfhr bhjfhr gam hfcuokm). 7. Km Kmirk irkmth mthrma rmass h hfca hfca quk mas mas ghush ghush eok` eok`a. a. 0. Ykmg Ykmgkr kr hf kstrïs kstrïs quk mas mas pravagh pravagh bhgkr bhgkr kxèekmk kxèekmks, s, quk mas mas kvhfôkm, kvhfôkm,… … ;. Guhm Guhm`a `a mas rkfhd rkfhdheas heas,, ta`a mukst mukstra ra archmose archmoseaa iumgoamh iumgoamh ekdar4 ekdar4 h. Kf gkrkjra gkrkjra sk hfoekmt hfoekmthh `k axåckma axåckma y cfugash cfugash h trhvïs trhvïs `k `k fh shmcrk. shmcrk. Wo fh shmcrk ifuyk ifuyk ekdar, ïf thejoïm iumgoamh ekdar.  j. Mukstrhs pufshgoamks `ksgokm`km `ksgokm`km.. Hf ma tkmkr fas eôsgufas råco`as kf garhz÷m ma mkgksoth jaejkhr gam crhm iukrzh fh shmcrk phrh quk ffkcuk h ta`as fas romgamks `k tu gukrpa. Kf garhz÷m ma suirk thmta guhm`a kstès rkfhdh`a. g. Muks Mukstra tra fåeotk fåeotk phrh kmih` kmih`hrmas hrmas huekm huekmth, th, fa guhf guhf mas jkmkiog jkmkiogoh oh h masatras masatras y h fas quk mas ra`khm. ra`kaghso÷m hm. Zkg Zkgukr`h ukr`h hfcôm hfcôm eaekmgbosphs eaekmta ta km kfguhm`a quk bhs kstquk ksth`a h`a `k tkms tkmsa a parksth`a hfca skrkma y h fh eåmoeh bhs shfth`a kgbhm`a shjks bhjkr `k proekrhs, kf hcuh ma bhjråh ffkch`a hf råa. 9. Huek Huekmthr mthr mukstrh mukstrh ghphgo`h ghphgo`h`` `k htkmgo÷m htkmgo÷m y gamg gamgkmtrh kmtrhgo÷m go÷m y par thmta, mukstra mukstra rkm`oeok rkm`oeokmta mta iåsoga y hgh`ïeoga. 3. ^h ^hrh rh rkfh rkfhdh dhrtk rtk,, ks f÷co f÷coga ga.. ^hsas ^rkvoas 8. Jusgh Jusgh um sotoa sotoa g÷ea`a4 g÷ea`a4 um saiè saiè,, um soff÷m soff÷m a fh gheh gheh puk`k puk`kmm skrvor. skrvor. :. Prht Prhthh `k ksthr hfkdh`a hfkdh`a `k guhfquo guhfquokr kr ruo`a kxtkrma kxtkrma quk quk tk puk`h omtkrrue omtkrruepor. por. Ks `oiågof `oiågof pkra ma oepasojfk. Ma trhtks `k bhgkr fh rkfhdhgo÷m so shjks quk tk vhm h ffhehr km ksk eaekmta par  tkfïiama a kstè fh tkfkvoso÷m kmgkm`o`h km kf eosea guhrta. 7. Jhdh kf movkf movkf `k fuz `kf `kf fuchr. Ma ks mkgksh mkgkshroa roa quk sk bhch bhch `k magbk. magbk. Yheas Yheas h rkfhd rkfhdhrma hrmas, s, ma h `areormas. 0. Fh `urhgo÷m `urhgo÷m hpraxoe hpraxoeh`he h`hekmtk kmtk ks `k um um guhrta `k barh barh a vkomtk vkomtk eomutas eomutas humquk humquk puk` puk`kk vhrohr. vhrohr. H vkgks eès y atrhs ekmas. Omtkmth quk ma skh ekmas `k um guhrta `k barh, humquk ks gokrta quk guhm`a gadhs prègtogh pa`rès rkfhdhrtk eugba eès rèpo`a quk hbarh. Hf promgopoa tk gasthrè um paga gamgkmtrhrtk y rkfhdhrtk pkra pracrksovhekmtk fa bhrès ekdar. Km umhs guhmths sksoamks mathrès fh `oikrkmgoh. ;. ^rhg ^rhgtogh togh fh rkfhdhg rkfhdhgo÷m o÷m `k `as `as h trks vkgks vkgks par par skehmh. skehmh. Omtkmth Omtkmth quk skh skh h fh eoseh eoseh barh y fas fas eoseas `åhs phrh quk gadhs um bèjota y tk hgastuejrks eès rèpo`a. @k ksh iareh bhgkr  rkfhdhgo÷m skrè gaea atrh hgtovo`h` eès km tu vo`h.

 

G÷ea rkfhdhrtk 8. ^amt ^amtkk g÷ g÷ea ea`a `a,, jo jokm km skmth skmth`a `a km um soff÷ soff÷mm a sa saiè iè gam fh gh ghjk jkzh zh hpayh hpayh`h `h km hf hfca ca a jo jokm km tuejh`a jagh hrrojh km fh gheh. :. Go Gokr krrh rh fa fass ad adas as.. 7. Zksp Zksporh orh bam`a. bam`a. Zksporh Zksporh omtra` omtra`ugok ugokm`a m`a kf hork hork par fh mhroz, mhroz, hcuhmth hcuhmthm`a m`a um phr phr `k skcum`as skcum`as y kgbèm`afa fkmthekmtk par fh jagh. Bhzfa trks a guhtra vkgks gam ghfeh. Wkrvorè phrh quk tk axockmks. 0. Hbar Hbarhh vheas h gaekmzh gaekmzhrr iaghfozhm`a iaghfozhm`a mukstrh mukstrh htkmgo÷m htkmgo÷m km mukstra mukstra gukrpa. gukrpa. Yheas Yheas h pkmshr km gh`h umh `k mukstrhs phrtks `k mukstra archmosea. @ks`k fas poks h fh ghjkzh phshm`a par fas  jrhzas. H gamtomuhgo÷m gamtomuhgo÷m tk kxpamca kxpamca um kdkepfa kdkepfa `k g÷ea bhgkrfa. bhgkrfa. ‖Yosuhfozh tus poks. Pus gomga `k`as y tus tajoffas. Crhgohs h kffas puk`ks bhgkr gashs omgrkåjfk omgr kåjfks. s. Ma mas phrh phrheas eas h pkms pkmshr hr km fh sukrtk quk tkmk tkmkeas eas par pask paskkr kr umh eèquomh eèquomh thm  pkrikgth bhsth quk sk hvkråh. Oehcomh ta`a fa quk puk`ks bhgkr crhgohs h kffas. ^rukjh h eavkr fas `k`as so so quokrks. Crhgohs h kffas puk`ks pamkrtk `k pumtoffhs, mh`hr, shfor gam gam fas heocas, gheomhr, bhgkr `kpartk km ckmkrhf. Gam kffas thejoïm bhs pa`o`a or h fh pfhyh, mathr  fhs pok`rhs `kf ehr, shfor `k kxgurso÷m y vosothr atras fuchrks y gaea ma, hprkm`kr ta`a fa quk bkeas `ogba bhsth hbarh. Hbarh pokmsh km tus ckekfas. Xuozès bhsth hbarh fas bhjåhs tkmo`a tkmsas y mo soquokrh tk bhjåhs `h`a gukmth `k kffa. Zkfèdhfas. ^okmsh quï bhs pa`o`a y quï puk`ks bhgkr crhgohs h kffas,…― ;. Kf ar`km ar`km ks sokeprk sokeprk kf eosea eosea humquk humquk h vkgks, vkgks, so gamsocuks gamsocuks rkfhdhr rkfhdhr ksh phrtk phrtk `kf gukrpa gukrpa hmtks,  puk`ks phshr phshr hf socuokmtk eôsgufa eôsgufa a phrtk `kf gukrpa gukrpa eès rèpo`hekmtk. rèpo`hekmtk. 9. @ogb @ogbaa ar`km ks kf socuokmtk socuokmtk,, humquk ks ifkxojfk ifkxojfk.. ^uk`ks vhrohrfa vhrohrfa fockrhek fockrhekmtk. mtk. Wo sk tk tk afvo`h afvo`h hfca ma oeparth. Ma tk prkagupks. Ar`km4 poks (`k`as, thfamks y tajoffas), ckekfas, ra`offhs, guè`rogkps, cfôtkas, gh`krhs, kst÷ehca, ehmas, ehmas, ga`as, jågkps y trågkps, baejras, baejras, gukffa y ghjkzh (adas, arkdhs, arkdhs, p÷eufas, …). 3. [mh vkz vkz bhyhs tkreomh`a ksth ksth phrtk `k fh rkfhdhgo÷m, phsheas phsheas h fh skcum`h skcum`h phrtk. _h ma tokmks quk pkmshr km tu archmosea, soma quk `kjks bhgkrtk ksth prkcumth4 ‖±Xuï ek custhråh ksthr bhgokm`a km kstk eaekmta1 ±@÷m`k1 ±Gam quoïm1― ^okmsh km hfca quk vkr`h`krhekmtk tk rkfhdk, gaea par kdkepfa ksthr km fh pfhyh gam tus heocas, a kf ghepa a omgfusa km fh Fumh. Fa oeparthmtk ks quk tô kstïs g÷ea`h km ksk sotoa. ^uk`k skr um sotoa omvkmth`a a um fuchr km kf quk bhyhs ksth`a. Xuï`htk km ksk fuchr, rksporh kf hraeh quk `ksprkm`k fh mhturhfkzh, fas èrjafks, kf ehr, kf thgta `kf sukfa, kf vokmta guhm`a razh razh tu pokf, gamtkepfh kf kf phoshdk. 2. ^hsh`as trks, guhtra a gomga eomutas gaeokmzh gaeokmzh h rkcrkshr. Yukfvk Yukfvk h rksporhr fkmthekmtk fkmthekmtk gaea gaea fa bhgåhs hf promgopoa, par fh mhroz, rktkmoïm`afa um paga km fas pufeamks y iomhfekmtk kgbèm`afa paga h paga. Yk somtokm`a kf thgta `k `÷m`k tk kmgukmtrhs, tu gheh, kf saiè,… _, iomhfekmtk, vk hjrokm`a paga h paga fas adas.

 

@K EA@OIOGHGO×M @K @K GAM@[GPH ^ZACZHEH @K

7H

EA@KFA 89 KYHF[HGO×M @KF ^ZACZHEH HF[EMA/H

G[ZWA P[PAZ/H GKMPZA EAPOYA IKGBH @K H@EOMOWPZHGO×M

IKGBH @K KYHF[HGO×M

POKE^A KE^FKH@A

HCKMPKW KYHF[H@AZKW (Ehrghr gam umh ‖x― fas gaepamkmtks `k fh rkumo÷m) Arokmth`ar/h ^P Putar/h HF ^PWG H.K. (Huxofohr   K`ughtova) Iheofoh ^raiksarh`a `kf Dkihturh `k kstu`oas hfuema/h4 @orkggo÷m …………………………

KAK^ `k Gamvovkmgoh KAK^ Ckmkrhf Wkrvogoas Wagohfks ^afogåh Faghf Atras hckmtks4 ……………………

KYHF[HGO×M Åtkes 8

Yhfarhgo÷m* : 7 0

;

8. Wk bh `kfoeoth`a guèf ks fh gam`ugth prajfkeh. :. Wk bh rkhfozh`a um hmèfosos omogohf `k fh sotuhgo÷m. 7. Fh gam`ugth ks ajskrvhjfk y kvhfuhjfk. 0. Fas ajdktovas `kf pracrheh bhm so`a fas h`kguh`as. ;. Wk bhm rkhfozh`a r khfozh`a hgtuhgoamks hgtuhgoamks sajrk ta`as fas oepfogh`as. 9. Wk bh utofozh`a umh ekta`afacåh quk omvafugrh h ta`as fas hckmtks k`ughtovas `orkgth k om`orkgthekmtk. 3. Fhs tïgmoghs `k ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth utofozh`hs sk bhm eastrh`a kioghgks hmtk fhs gam`ugths prajfkeètoghs. 2. Wk bh hsksarh`a hprapoh`hekmtk h ph`rks y praiksarks sajrk fh ea`oioghgo÷m `k gam`ugth.  

;3

 

?. Fas rkgursas y ehtkrohfks utofozh`as sk bhm h`hpth`a h fhs ghrhgtkråstoghs `kf hfuemh`a. 8>. Km fh kvhfuhgo÷m `kf pracrheh bhm phrtogoph`a fh ehyaråh `k fas oepfogh`as. 88. Kf pracrheh rkspam`k h fhs mkgkso`h` mkgkso`h`ks ks pfhmtkh`hs. 8:. Fh gam`ugth `kf sudkta bh ekdarh`a thf gaea sk kxpusa km fas ajdktovas `kf pracrheh. 87. Kf gfoeh ksgafhr sk bh vosta jkmkiogoh`a par kf pracrheh. 80. Kf gfoeh iheofohr bh ekdarh`a `ks`k fh omgfuso÷m `kf sudkta km kf  pracrheh. 8;. Wk bhm kxpuksta fhs ek`o`hs phrh fh kvhfuhgo÷m y kf skcuoeokmta `kf pracrheh. * Yhfarhgo÷m H gamtomuhgo÷m hphrkgkm umh skrok `k åtkes quk `kjkrèm skr vhfarh`as ushm`a umh ksghfh topa Folkrt gam gomga apgoamks `k rkspuksth `am`k4 84 ‖kstheas tathfekmtk km `kshgukr`a―. :4 ‖kstheas ea`krh`hekmtk km `kshgukr`a―. 74 ‖kstheas suiogokmtkekmtk `k hgukr`a―. 04 ‖kstheas ea`krh`hekmtk `k hgukr`a―. ;4 ‖kstheas tathfekmtk `k hgukr`a―. Km kf ghsa `k quk kf gaar`omh`ar `kf pracrheh ma puk`h rkumorsk gam fas eokejras quk `k umh u atrh iareh bhm phrtogoph`a km `ogba pracrheh pam`rè fh apgo÷m quk, jhda su duogoa, gamso`krk quk ks fh gaephrto`h par  ta`as.

8

: W[W^KMWA

YHFAZHGO×M CFAJHF @KF ^ZACZHEH (Ehrquk gam umh ‖x― fh vhfarhgo÷m `kf pracrheh) 7 0 ; 9 3 2 H^ZAJH@A

JOKM

MAPHJFK

?

8>

WAJZKWHFOKMPK

^ZA^[KWPHW @K EKDAZH 8) :) 7) IKGBH @KF ^ZOEKZ WKC[OEOKMPA _ F[CHZ

Atrhs ajskrvhgoa ajskrvhgoamks4 mks4 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

@K EA@OIOGHGO×M @K @K GAM@[GPH ^ZACZHEH @K

7H

EA@KFA 83 WKC[OEOKMPA @KF ^ZACZHEH OMWPZ[GGOAMKW 8. Wk gamsocmhrè umh pècomh `k gaar`omhgo÷m gaar`omhgo÷m par hfuema/h ajdkta ajdkta `k skcuoeokmta. :. Fas omtkrvhfas tkeparhfks tkeparhfks kmtrk gh`h umh `k fhs sksoamks `k gaar`omhgo÷m phrh phrh kf skcuoeokmta `kf  pracrheh pa`rèm hepfohrsk so ïstk rkgojk umh vhfarhgo÷m ihvarhjfk. ihvarhjfk. 7. Fh jrkvk`h` km fh fh gamtksthgo÷m rkspam`k rkspam`k h fh mkgkso`h` `k rkhfozhr skcuoeokmtas iumgoamhfks y kioghgks. kioghgks.

HF[EMA/H4 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. G[ZWA _ CZ[^A4 …………………………………………………………………………………. P[PAZ/H4 …………………………………………… GKMPZA4 ………………………………….. GAAZ@OMHGO×M @KF ^ZACZHEH M´4 ……. (M´ `k sksoamks `k skcuoeokmta) HCKMPKW KYHF[H@AZKW (Ehrghr gam umh ‖x― fas gaepamkmtks `k fh rkumo÷m) Arokmth`ar/h ^P KAK^ `k Gamvovkmgoh Putar/h HF ^PWG H.K. (Huxofohr   KAK^ Ckmkrhf K`ughtova) Wkrvogoas Wagohfks Iheofoh Dkihturh `k kstu`oas ^afogåh Faghf ^raiksarh`a `kf hfuema/h4 @orkggo÷m Atras hckmtks4 ………………………… …………………… G[KWPOAMKW ^HZH KF WKC[OEOKMPA (Ehrgh gam umh ‖x― fh apgo÷m quk garrkspam`h). WO

MA

8. ±^rkskmth kf/fh hfuema/h prajfkehs `k gam`ugth1 gam`ugth1 :. ±Bh kepkarh`a fh gam`ugth `kf hfuema/h `ks`k quk quk iomhfoz÷ kf pracrheh1 7. ±Bh kepkarh`a kf gfoeh km kf hufh `ks`k kf iomhf `kf pracrheh1 0. ±Gkshram `k hpfoghrsk fhs arokmthgoamks y tïgmoghs `kf pracrheh hf iomhfozhr kf eosea1 ;. vosta pkrdu`ogh`a kf gfoeh `ks`kpfhmtkh`hs fh ôftoeh rkvoso÷m1 Km±Wk ghsabhhiorehtova km hfcumh/s `k fhsiheofohr gukstoamks kxpfoquk fhs pasojfks ghushs h gamtomuhgo÷m4 Ajskrvhgoamks4

IKGBH @K FH ^Z×ROEH ZK[MO×M _ F[CHZ

;?