Programa Da 3 Classe

 

^gpöndlje cg Eok`de Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

? Qr`kreie ce :.ª Jdessg 4 ? Goslo` Qrliårl` 4

^gh`rie Gcujetlve

 

Hljme Sìjolje Sétud`

Qr`kreie c` Goslo` Qrliårl` ce :.ª Jdessg.

Eut`rgs

Cgperteigot` c` Goslo` Kgred.

Clrgjëê`-Kgred

Cevlc Dg`oerc` Jmlvgde2 Cr.Qgcr` Osleokgok`.

Cr.

J``rcgoeëê` Cr.

F`equli Jenred.

J`rrgjëê`

LOLCG/Cgperteigot`/Zgjëê` LOLCG/Cgpert eigot`/Zgjëê` Déokue Q`rtukugse.

Gclt`re

Gclt`re I`cgroe.

Liprgssê`

KgstKråhlje, Z.E.

Slrekgi

5.711 Gxgipdergs.

© >15:

GCLS@^E I@CG^OE

^gsgrvec`s t`c`s `sgste clrglt`s, Ì pr`lnlce `nre kråhlj`. p`r quedqugr igl`cgstes (h`t`júple, h`t`krehle, gtj.) sgi ` j`osgotligot` gsjrlt` ce Gclt`re, enreokgoc` pr`lnlëê` ` tgxt`,e ergpr`cuëê` ldustreëê` gcgste ` erreof` E vl`deëê` rgkres`hhsgt, sgrå pessévgd cg pr`jgcligot` fucljled.

 

Gstliec` Qr`hgss`r J`i` cgvg tgr-sg epgrjgnlc`, gste nr`jmure j`iprggocg `s pr`kreies jurrljudergs ce :.ª Jdessg e sgr epdljec`s o` îinlt` ce ^gh`rie Gcujetlve g `s c`juigot`s iels lip`rteotgs s`nrg e evedleëê` c` Goslo` Qrliårl`. Gste `pëê` h`l hglte cgvlc` á i`o`c`jæojle o` Goslo` Qrliårl` p`ls, ogstg oévgd, ` pr`hgss`r ì öolj` pere t`ces es clsjlpdloes. Essli, fudkei`s sgr vlåvgd e gden`reëê` cg uie nr`jmure öolje, e hli cg hejldlter ` sgu ieousgeigot`. Q`cgrå ghgjtuer ` sgu trenedm` tgoc` gi etgoëê` e lotgrclsjlpdloerlcecg g uie igdm`r pr`krgssê` c`s j`otgöc`s e ilolstrer. Epr`vgltei`s e `jeslê` pere cgsgfer-dmg n`i trenedm` g sujgss`, p`ls cg sl cgpgocgrå ` hutur` c` M`igi cg eieomê. E J``rcgoeëê`

 

Éocljg 5 - Qr`kre Qr`kreie ie cg Déoku Déokuee Q`rtuk Q`rtukugse. ugse..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ........ ....

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> -  Qr`k  Qr`kreie reie cg Gstuc` Gstuc` c` Igl`... Igl`....... ......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......

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: -  Qr`  Qr`kreie kreie cg Ietgiå Ietgiåtlje.. tlje...... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... ....... ..

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3 -  Qr  Qr`krei `kreiee cg cg Gcujeëê Gcujeëê`` Ieoued Ieoued g Qdåstlj Qdåstlje... e........ .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ....... ...

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7 -  Qr`  Qr`kreie kreie cg Gcujeëê Gcujeëê`` Héslje.. Héslje....... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......

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 Qr`kreie kreie cg Gcujeë Gcujeëê` ê` Iusljed Iusljed.... ......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ....... 8 -  Qr` ; - Zlst  Zlstgie gie cg Evedle Evedleëê` ëê` ces Eprgo Eprgoclzek clzekgos.. gos...... ......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ........ ....

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= - ^g  ^gkudei kudeigot` got` pere es Qr`ve Qr`vess cg cg Gxeig Gxeig o` Goslo` Qrliå Qrliårl`... rl`........ ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......

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Nlndl`krehl Nlndl` krehle... e....... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ....... ...

.ª) c` Goslo` Qrliårl`, tgvg-sg gi j`ote edkuos prgssup`st`s, e sengr6 ? J`oslcgrer-sg e Déokue Q`rtukugse j`i` déokue cg j`iuoljeëê` oes rgdeë÷gs sújl`-p`détlj`-judturels, déokue cg gsj`derlcecg `u cg goslo`, få qug ` o`ss` peés ì hìrtld gi déokues oejl`oels2 ? Oê` sgr e Déokue Q`rtukugse e déokue ietgroe ce iel`rle ces jrleoëes eok`deoes2 ? J`oslcgrer-sg e Déokue Q`rtukugse j`i` ` igl` etrevìs c` qued `s eduo`s lrê` essgkurer ui cgtgriloec` oöigr` cg huoë÷gs j`ipdgigotergs ás sues rgspgjtlves déokues ietgroes sgi, j`otuc`, prgtgocgr sunstltué-des2

clsjlpd loes. ? J`oslcgrer-sg e Déokue Q`rtukugse j`i` ui igl` cg ep`l` g cg ertljudeëê` gotrg t`ces es clsjlpdloes. Ogste jdessg, cgvgr-sg-å cgvgr-sg-å tgr gi j`ote e igsie dlome cg `rlgoteëê`, pere qug ` goslo`-eprgoclzekgi gi Déokue Q`rtukugse g e utldlzeëê` j`rrgjte ce igsie pgriltei ` cgsgov`dvligot` c` v`jenudårl` g ce j`iprggosê` g gxprgssê` `red g gsjrlte. Ogstg j`otgxt`, cgvgr-sg-å cgsgov`dvgr ui trenedm` qug essgkurg e pr`krgssê`, ceoc` prl`rlcecg e` cgsgov`dvligot` ces jepejlcecgs cg j`iprggosê` g gxprgssê` `rels, o` îinlt` c` cgsgov`dvligot` kd`ned c` eduo`. Wie vgz qug oes jdessgs eotgrl`rgs sg pr`jgcgu á lotgkreëê` ce jrleoëe o` —uolvgrs`’ ce `redlcecg, ` qug dmg pgriltlu heildlerlzer-sg j`i e eprgoclzekgi ce gsjrlte, gssg —uolvgrs`’ cerå cg lkued i`c` duker á treoslëê` krecued pere e dglture g gxprgssê` gsjrlte ogste jdessg. Sgoc` e Déokue Q`rtukugse jeråjtgr treosclsjlpdloer, lst` ì, sgoc` e pdeteh`rie pgde qued pesse t`c` ` goslo` ces `utres clsjlpdloes, må ogjgsslcecg prgigotg cg, jece vgz iels, sg ederkergi g epr`huocergi `s j`omgjligot`s pr`p`st`s o` pr`kreie ces jdessgs eotgrl`rgs g, sliudteogeigotg, cgsgov`dvgr e dglture g e gxprgssê` gsjrlte. Essli sgoc`, cgvg j`ostltulr prg`jupeëê` c` pr`hgss`r ` cgsgov`dvligot` ces jepejlcecgs cg j`iprggosê` `red g gsjrlte g cg gxprgssê` `red g gsjrlte e` oévgd c` cgsgov`dvligot` kd`ned ce jrleoëe, lst` ì, o`s c`iéol`s héslj`, gi`jl`oed, s`jled g j`koltlv`, ouie en`rcekgi lotgkrece cg t`ces es årges jurrljudergs. Ì prgjls` tgr gi j`otee clhljudcecg qug ui c`scghejt`rgs qug j`otrlnugi pere ` losujgss` gsj`der o` o`ss` goslo` ì, prgjlseigotg, j`iprggosê` g gxprgssê`, qugr `red qugr gsjrlte. Ì e pertlr cgste jdessg qug sg lotr`cuz ` goslo` ce Kreiåtlje, cg ieoglre gxpdéjlte, pere qug ` eduo` eprgoce edkuies rgkres kreietljels qug rgkgi ` huojl`oeigot` cg uie déokue.

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     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels ce Clsjlpdloe cg Déokue Q`rtukugse o` Goslo` Qrliårl` O` îinlt` ce ^gh`rie Gcujetlve, ederk`u-sg ` Goslo` Qrliårl` pere sgls jdessgs2 essli, e clsjlpdloe cg Déokue Q`rtukugse ogstg oévgd, cgvg pr`p`rjl`oer e` eduo` `s igl`s ogjgssårl`s tgocgotgs e etloklr `s `nfgjtlv`s prgj`olzec`s teot` e oévgd pgss`ed, j`i` s`jled g judtured, o`igeceigotg6 ? J`omgjgr es jerejtgréstljes prlojlpels ce déokue j`i` igl` cg j`iuoljeëê` lotgrpgss`ed g `nfgjt` cg gstuc`2 ? J`iprggocgr e gstruture g ` huojl`oeigot` ce déokue gi sltueë÷gs cg us`2 ? Epdljer `s iìt`c`s cg trenedm` g cg pgsqulse, rgj`dme, `rkeolzeëê` g pr`krgssê` pere eprgoclzekgi c`s j`otgöc`s dlokuéstlj`s g j`iuoljetlv`s pr`kreiec`s2 ? J`iprggocgr essuot`s g tgies, pedevres g hresgs rgdejl`oeces j`i ` Goslo` Qrliårl`2 ? Eoedlser `s pr`jgcligot`s e utldlzer utldl zer gi t`ces es hesgs cg eprgoclzekgi2 ? Jrler i`tlveëê` pgss`ed pere pr`ssgkulr `s gstuc`s.

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels ce Clsjlpdloe cg Déokue Q`rtukugse oe :.ª Jdessg Oe tgrjglre jdessg, ` goslo` ce Déokue Q`rtukugse vlse, gotrg `utr`s, `s sgkulotgs `nfgjtlv`s kgrels6 ? Cgsgov`dvgr oe jrleoëe e lcgotlcecg judtured eok`deoe2 ? J`omgjgr iìt`c`s cg trenedm` g cg gstuc` gxtgoslv`s ás `utres årges jurrljudergs2 ? J`omgjgr igl`s cg loh`rieëê` vgljudec`rgs cg o`v`s sengrgs, o`igeceigotg e råcl`, e tgdgvlsê` g `s f`roels2 ? J`iprggocgr rgkres c` huojl`oeigot` ce déokue2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e `redlcecg, e dglture g e gsjrlte, cg ieoglre e ecqulrlr uie cgtgriloece j`ipgtæojle dlokuéstlje2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr etltucgs, månlt`s cg essgl`, `rcgi, rgspglt`, s`dlcerlgcecg g k`st` pgd` trenedm`2 ? Epdljer j`omgjligot`s qug dmg pgriltei e j`iprggosê` pr`krgsslve c`s hgoúigo`s, sedlgoteoc` `s hgoúigo`s muieo`s g s`jlels2 ? Eoedlser ` cgsgov`dvligot` lotgkred ce jrleoëe jr leoëe pere e igdm`rle quedltetlve c`s rgsudtec`s gsj`dergs.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

@rkeolzeëê` Kgred c`s J`otgöc`s @s j`otgöc`s rgdetlv`s e`s c`iéol`s ce `redlcecg, dglture, gsjrlte g kreiåtlje epgrhglë`ei-sg pgde pråtlje ce déokue. Cgvgi sgr gotgoclc`s ouie pgrspgjtlve huojl`oed, mevgoc` duker e gxpdljeë÷gs epgoes o` t`jeotg á equlslëê` c` v`jenudårl`. E lotr`cuëê` cg o`v`s j`otgöc`s dgxljels cgvg sgr hglte ouie pgrspgjtlve cg equlslëê` g ederkeigot`, cgvgoc` `/e pr`hgss`r/e pr`p`rjl`oer e utldlzeëê` cg  v`jånud  v`jå nud`s `s få f å j`omg j `omgjlc jlc`s, `s, e` igsi` i gsi` tgip tgip`` qug q ug lotr` l otr`cuz cuz `s o`v` o`v`s, s, pere p ere gorl gorlqug qugjgr jgr e jepej j epejlcec lcecgg cg j`iprggosê` g gxprgssê` c` eduo`. @s eduo`s cgvgi pgrjgngr ` cupd` sgotlc` ce iel`r pertg ces pedevres gstuceces, ceé e ogjgsslcecg cg sltuå-des o` j`otgxt`, oe hresg `u o` tgxt`. Ogste jdessg, sgrê` slstgietlzec`s t`c`s `s j`otgöc`s kreietljels eprggoclc`s lotultlveigotg, cureotg es jdessgs eotgrl`rgs. Sels j`otgöc`s h`rei lotr`cuzlc`s cg h`rie lipdéjlte, t`roeoc`-sg ek`re gxpdéjlt`s2 qugr clzgr qug `s eduo`s cgvgrê` sgr jepezgs cg clstlokulr g epdljer j`rrgjteigotg j`ojglt`s kreietljels nåslj`s ce Déokue Q`rtukugse. Lip`rte equl rgedëer qug, cece e oeturgze kd`nedlzeotg ce jrleoëe hejg ás ejtlvlcecgs cg déokue, `s j`otgöc`s ce `redlcecg, ce dglture, ce gsjrlte g ce kreiåtlje, oê` cgvgi sgr tretec`s j`i` uolcecgs ls`deces, ies sli cg ieoglre lotgrdlkece g cg pråtlje pgrieogotg cgvlceigotg `rlgotec`s pere es sues vlvæojles. Gstg pr`kreie prgssup÷g ` cgsgov`dvligot` cg ui jurréjud` gi gsplred qug rgigtg g ederke pr`krgsslveigotg j`otgöc`s g pr`jgss`s cg rgedlzeëê`, pgriltloc` e pessekgi krecued cg ui j`omgjligot` iels gden`rec`, j`ipdgx` g j`ojgptuedlzec`. @s j`otgöc`s goj`otrei-sg `rkeolzec`s gi t`ro` cg træs årges, e sengr6 ? Sgies2 ? X`jenudårl`2 ? Kreiåtlje.

? - E Zeöcg

Ogstg tgie cgvgi sgr en`rcec`s `s julcec`s e tgr j`i e mlklgog pgss`ed, e utldlzeëê` ce åkue, e edligoteëê` g `utres prgjeuë÷gs ogjgssårles pere e prgvgoëê` ces c`goëes, o`igeceigotg es  vejloes  vejl oes..

Qere gstg tgie sukgrg-sg6 X`jenudårl`6 ? Neom`, jengd`, uomes, r`upe, åkue, dlipgze, er dlvrg, j`zlome, j`zlc`, p`st` iìclj`, gohgriglr`, j`osudte, vejloe g `utr`s...

Xgrn`s6 ? S`ier, dever, gster, prgvgr, mevgr, dliper.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

: - Sreosp`rtg g Sgdgj`iuoljeë÷gs

Qrgtgocg-sg j`i gstg tgie cer e j`omgjgr `s igl`s cg treosp`rtg iels prúxli`s ce jrleoëe6 jerr`, iejmlin`in`, eut`jerr`, tåxl, j`in`l`, evlê`, mgdljúptgr`, nljljdgte, nljl jdgte, i`t`, feokece, jeo`e... @s eduo`s cgvgi teinìi j`omgjgr `utr`s igl`s cg j`iuoljeëê` j`i` ` tgdgh`og, e råcl`, e tgdgvlsê`, `s f`roels g `utr`s...

Qere gstg tgie sukgrg-sg6 X`jenudårl`6 ? Igl`s cg treosp`rtg6 Jerr`, j`in`l`, i`t`, nljljdgte, evlê`, mgdljúptgr`, jeo`e, feokece, nerj`, eut`jerr`2 ? Igl`s cg j`iuoljeëê`6 Sgdgh`og, råcl`, tgdgvlsê`, f`roed, j`rrgl`, sgd`, lotgrogt...

Xgrn`s6 ? Zgr, treosp`rter, vlefer, tgr, sgrvlr, dgver, `uvlr, dgr g `utr`s...

3 - E Oeturgze J`i gstg tgie, ` eduo` cgvg j`omgjgr e vlce vgkgted (hd`re) g e vlce eolied (heuoe) ce d`jedlcecg g h`re cgde, essli j`i` j`omgjgr e p`slëê` c` M`igi oe Oeturgze (M`igi j`i` sgr s`jled). @ eduo` cgvg tgr j`omgjligot` ce Oeturgze g c` igl` qug ` gov`dvg.

Qere gstg tgie sukgrg-sg6 X`jenudårl`6 ? Qdeotes, m`rtes, qulotels, fercli, p`iergs, årv`rgs cg hrut`s, vgrcures, iecglre, edk`cê`, jehì, pediglre, j`quglr`2 ? Eoliels c`iìstlj`s g sgdvekgos cg Eok`de g cg `utr`s peésgs2 ? ^l`s, dek`s, iergs, preles2 ? Uugces, perqugs, sgrres, nerrekgos, neées, ldmes, i`oteomes, pdeoéjlgs, vedgs... Xgrn`s ? Equgdgs qug h`rgi ogjgssårl`s pere cgsgov`dvgr ` tgie. X`jenudårl`

@ v`jenudårl` ì ` j`ofuot` cg pedevres qug j`ostltul uie déokue. J`iuoljer ouie déokue lipdlje j`omgjgr ` sgu v`jenudårl` g sengr `rkeolzå-d` gi hresgs. Á igclce qug sg vel ecqulrloc` ` c`iéol` cg uie déokue, vel-sg ederkeoc` ` v`jenudårl` g igdm`reoc` ` sgu us`. E lotr`cuëê` cg o`v`s j`otgöc`s dgxljels cgvg sgr hglte ouie pgrspgjtlve cg equlslëê` g ederkeigot`, cgvgoc` ` pr`hgss`r pr`p`rjl`oer e utldlzeëê` cg v`jånud`s få j`omgjlc`s, e` igsi` tgip` qug lotr`cuz `s o`v`s. @ iìt`c` oetured ì ` iels ej`osgdmåvgd pere e eprgoclzekgi c`  v`jenud  v`je nudårl` årl`.. @ v`jenudårl` p`cg sgr tretec` e oévgd c` j`otgxt` `u ce pgsqulse o` cljl`oårl`. ?554

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     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Kreiåtlje

Ì ` j`ofuot` cg prlojépl`s g rgkres qug clrlkgi ` huojl`oeigot` cg uie déokue. @ goslo`eprgoclzekgi ce Kreiåtlje cgvg nesger-sg gi tgxt`s g hresgs slipdgs g oê` gi gxgrjéjl`s cg hlxeëê` cg rgkres.

O` Goslo` Qrliårl` pr`jure-sg jepejlter `s eduo`s pere es sgkulotgs j`ipgtæojles6 ? @uvlr, j`iprggocgr g heder2 ? Dgr, j`iprggocgr g gsjrgvgr.

Ogste jdessg, sgrê` slstgietlzec`s t`c`s `s j`otgöc`s eprggoclc`s cureotg es jdessgs eotgrl`rgs. Cg hejt`, `s j`otgöc`s kreietljels oe 5.ª hesg (5.ª g >.ª jdessgs) h`rei lotr`cuzlc`s cg h`rie lipdéjlte g lip`rte ek`re t`roer gxpdéjlt` ` sengr kreietljed eotgrl`rigotg eprggoclc` cg h`rie lotultlve pgd`/e eduo`/e. Cureotg e sgkuoce hesg (:.ª g 3.ª jdessgs), `s eduo`s cgvgrê` sgr jepezgs cg clstlokulr g epdljer j`rrgjteigotg j`ojglt`s kreietljels nåslj`s ce Déokue Q`rtukugse o`s sgkulotgs c`iéol`s6 ? Jdessgs cg pedevres2 ? Hdgxê` cg o`igs gi kìogr`2 ? Hdgxê` cg o`igs gi oöigr`2 ? Hdgxê` c`s vgrn`s gi tgip` g pgss`e2 ? Gstruture ce hresg slipdgs.

Gi eogx` (quecr`s-séotgsg) sgrå eprgsgotece e dlstekgi c`s j`otgöc`s kreietljels e trenedmer cureotg e jdessg, jengoc` e` pr`hgss`r sgdgjjl`oå-d`s g clstrlnué-d`s gi huoëê` c` oévgd g c` rlti` cg eprgoclzekgi c`s eduo`s.

 E Kreiå Kr eiåtlje tlje oê` cgvg sgr cgj cgj`re `rece, ce, ies sli j`i j`iprg prggoc goclce lce.. @ goslo` ce Kreiåtlje pgriltg j`rrlklr e hede g e gsjrlte, gosloe e heder g e gsjrgvgr ngi.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

@nfgjtlv`s gspgjéhlj`s p`r tgie SGIE6 5 - E J`iuolcecg

J`i gstg tgie prgtgocg-sg etloklr `s sgkulotgs `nfgjtlv`s6 ? Lcgotlhljer e clvlsê` ecilolstretlve cg Eok`de2 ? ^gj`omgjgr us`s g j`stuigs ce d`jedlcecg2 ? Essloeder es prlojlpels pr`hlss÷gs gxgrjlces pgde p`pudeëê`6 oe ekrljudture, oe pgsje2 oe jeëe2 g oe locöstrle2 ? J`iperer clhgrgotgs pr`véojles2 ? Clstlokulr pr`véojle, iuoljépl` g j`iuoe2

lotgrclsjlpdloer. ? ^gj`omgjgr e lip`rtîojle ce gsj`de j`i` jgotr` cg eprgoclzekgi lotgrclsjlpdloer. SGIE6 > - E Zeöcg

J`i gstg tgie prgtgocg-sg etloklr `s sgkulotgs `nfgjtlv`s6 ? ^gj`omgjgr `s julcec`s e tgr j`i e mlklgog pgss`ed2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e lip`rtîojle g utldlzeëê` ce åkue g c`s edligot`s2 ? Lcgotlhljer iìt`c`s pere treteigot` ce åkue2 ? Lcgotlhljer iìt`c`s cg prgvgoëê` cg c`goëes2 ? Clstlokulr edkuies c`goëes g vejloes qug j`inetgi es igsies. SGIE6 : - Sreosp`rtg g J`iuoljeë÷gs

J`i gstg tgie prgtgocg-sg etloklr `s sgkulotgs `nfgjtlv`s6 ? ^gj`omgjgr `s igl`s cg treosp`rtg iels hrgqugotgigotg utldlzec`s2 ? Lcgotlhljer igl`s cg treosp`rtg6 tgrrgstrgs, ierétli`s, hduvlels g eìrg`s2 ? Essloeder edkuos igl`s cg j`iuoljeëê` iels utldlzec`s oes d`jedlcecgs2 ? Clstlokulr e lip`rtîojle g utldlcecg c`s igl`s cg treosp`rtg g j`iuoljeëê`.

@s `nfgjtlv`s gspgjéhlj`s g j`otgöc`s e treter ogste jdessg tæi j`i` prgssup`st`s ` ederkeigot` g epr`huoceigot` ces j`ipgtæojles ecqulrlces oes jdessgs eotgrl`rgs. Essli sgoc`, prgtgocg-sg qug ` eduo`6

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     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

O` c`iéol` ce j`iprggosê` `red6 ? J`iprggoce gouojlec`s cg oeturgze clvgrslhljece (j`ovgrses, rgjec`s, evls`s, lostruë÷gs, gtj.)2 ? Zltug j`omgjligot`s o` tgip` g o` gspeë`2 ? Clstloke ej`otgjligot`s vlvlc`s `u liekloec`s2 ? Lcgotlhlqug gi clåd`k`s g o`utr`s gouojlec`s `rels `s vårl`s pgrs`oekgos g ejë÷gs cg jece ui2 ? J`iprggoce ` sgotlc` cg clvgrses — got`eë÷gs’2 ? Cgsgov`dve e jepejlcecg cg séotgsg etrevìs cg rgdet`s `rels. `r els.

O` c`iéol` ce gxprgssê` `red ? ^gsp`oce e pgrkuotes, rgjltg pgqugo`s p`gies2 ? Qertljlpg gi f`k`s cg rgpr`cuëê` cg dltgreture `red (treve-déokues, dgokedgokes, rlies, eclvlomes, jeotergs, j`ot`s)2 ? Creietlzg jgoes c` qu`tlcleo`, tgxt`s pgss`els `u tgxt`s cg `utr`s j`dgkes2 ? H`riudg pgclc`s, evls`s g lostruë÷gs2 ? Cled`kug j`i `s j`dgkes g ` pr`hgss`r s`nrg clhgrgotgs essuot`s2 ? ^gj`otg ` qug `nsgrv`u, `uvlu `u dgu, cgsgov`dvgoc` e jepejlcecg cg `nsgrveëê` cg krevures, `nfgjt`s, pelsekgos, gtj.2 ? Cgsgov`dve e jepejlcecg cg gxprgssê` `red g cg jrletlvlcecg etrevìs ce oerreëê` cg vlvæojles, ej`otgjligot`s, mlstúrles, j`ot`s, pr`vìrnl`s, o`téjles, rgjlteëê` cg p`gsles, creietlzeëê`, cgsjrlëê` cg `nfgjt`s, krevures g pelsekgos, lovgoëê` cg mlstúrles loejeneces.

O` c`iéol` ce j`iprggosê` gsjrlte6 ? J`otejtg j`i clvgrs`s tlp`s cgj`rrgsp`ocæojle, rgklst`s g sup`rtgs cg gsjrlte (pr`cuë÷gs cg `utr`s eduo`s, c`juigoteëê`, f`roels, rgvlstes, o`téjles...)2 ? ^gdejl`og ` qug dæ j`i es sues vlvæojles gsj`dergs g gxtre- gsj`dergs, j`i `s sgus s gus k`st`s g prghgræojles2 ? Dgle tgxt`s pr`cuzlc`s p`r loljletlve prúprle `u pgd`s j`ipeomglr`s (pere t`ce e turie, pere ui krup`, pere ` pr`hgss`r)2 ? J`osudtg ` cljl`oårl` g `utr`s igl`s euxldlergs ce j`iprggosê` gsjrlte2 ? Dgle dlvr`s ecgquec`s á sue lcecg2 ? Qertljlpg oe dglture p`r prezgr2 ? Cgsgov`dve pr`krgsslveigotg e dglture g e lotgrprgteëê` cg tgxt` etrevìs cg6 dglture gxprgsslve2 dglture cled`kece2 dglture sldgojl`se2 dglture j`dgjtlve cg tgxt`s prgvleigotg gsj`dmlc`s cg ej`rc` j`i es uolcecgs pr`kreieces2 ?534

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

? Qr`sslke j`i e equlslëê` g j`os`dlceëê` cg j`omgjligot`s kreietljels ce jdessg eotgrl`r. eotgrl`r.

O` c`iéol` ce gxprgssê` gsjrlte6 ? ^gsp`oce p`r gsjrlt` e pgrkuotes s`nrg tgxt`s dlc`s `u `uvlc`s2 ? Gden`rg pgrkuotes s`nrg tgxt`s dlc`s `u `uvlc`s2 ? ^gsuie tgxt`s `rels `u gsjrlt`s2 ? ^gjrlg tgxt`s rgj`oteoc` mlstúrles, treosh`rieoc` mlstúrles gi neoce cgsgomece2 ? Qertljlpg oe pr`cuëê` cg dgokedgokes2 ? ^gclfe clhgrgotgs tlp`s cg tgxt`s (hljmes cg lcgotlhljeëê` pgss`ed, rgjec`s, evls`s, jertes, mlstúrles...)2 mls túrles...)2 ? Cgsgov`dve jepejlcecgs cg `nsgrveëê` etrevìs cg eoådlsg g rgcejëê` cg hejt`s vlvlc`s, dlc`s `u j`otec`s g ce creietlzeëê`2 ? Qr`cuze pgqugo`s tgxt`s gsjrlt`s s`n `rlgoteëê` c` pr`hgss`r `u p`r loljletlve prúprle2 ? Qr`cuze pgqugo`s tgxt`s s`nrg vlvæojles, ej`otgjligot`s, j`ot`s, pr`vìrnl`s, o`téjles dlces, `uvlces, gtj.2 ? Cgsgov`dve pr`krgsslveigotg e gsjrlte etrevìs cg6 gxgrjéjl`s cg `rt`krehle, rgcejëê`, gden`reëê` cg dgkgoces, j`ip`slë÷gs g rgsui`s.

O` c`iéol` s`jled6 ? Jrlg g cgsgov`dve etltucgs g månlt`s cg6 ?  ^gspglt` á pr`prlgcecg edmgle g ás eut`rlcecgs2 ?  Z`dlcerlgcecg j`i ` prúxli`2 ?  Efuce iötue2 ?  K`st` pgd` trenedm` s`jledigotg ötld.

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     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes J`i `s `nfgjtlv`s pr`p`st`s ogstg pr`kreie pere ` Goslo` Qrliårl`, prgtgocg-sg qug `s eduo`s cgsgov`dvei oe kd`nedlcecg `s c`iéol`s j`koltlv`, ehgjtlv` g s`jled. Qr`p÷g-sg qug ` pr`hgss`r ec`ptg uie igt`c`d`kle cg trenedm` ejtlv`, jgotrece o`s eduo`s, sgdgjjl`oeoc` g `rkeolzeoc` ejtlvlcecgs qug pr`p`rjl`ogi e eprgoclzekgi ce déokue, gstliudeoc` ` cgsgov`dvligot` ces clhgrgotgs jepejlcecgs. @/e pr`hgss`r/e goj`otrerå o` ieoued pr`p`stes cg igt`c`d`kle cg trenedm` pere e eprgoclzekgi ce déokue. @ rghgrlc` ieoued ep`ote teinìi pere e rgedlzeëê` cg ejtlvlcecgs, rgj`rrgoc` e clhgrgotgs h`ries cg trenedm`6 loclvlcued, pergs, krup` g j`dgjtlv`. Jer`/` pr`hgss`r/e, pere igdm`r cgsgov`dvligot` ce dglture g ce gxprgssê` gsjrlte cgvg, epús e i`tlveëê` pere e eude cg Déokue Q`rtukugse, dgver `s eduo`s e dgr jdere g j`rrgjteigotg, ej`ipeomeoc` e p`otueëê` c` tgxt` pere igdm`r pgrjgpëê` c` sgotlc` c` igsi`. Cgvg lojdulr gi jece tgxt` e gxpd`reëê` v`jenuder g e gxpd`reëê` lcg`dúklje `u lotgrprgteëê`. @rlgotg `s eduo`s pere e gden`reëê` cg qugstl`oårl`s `rels g gsjrlt`s gsjrl t`s g `utr`s gxgrjéjl`s. E `rt`krehle `u e gsjrlte j`rrgjte cg pedevres ì iult` lip`rteotg ogste hesg. D`k`, queot` iels jgrte g pgrhglte h`r e dgtre c` eduo`, igdm`r sg gotgocgrê` `s trenedm`s gsjrlt`s p`r gdg eprgsgotec`s. @s j`otgöc`s kreietljels pr`kreiec`s cgvgi sgr cec`s gi j`oh`rilcecg j`i `s tgxt`s g hresgs slipdgs g oê` gi gxgrjéjl`s cg hlxeëê` cg rgkres. Heëe ` gstuc` g gxpd`reëê` c`s igsi`s j`i gxgipd`s pråtlj`s g gxgrjéjl`s cg epdljeëê`. @/e pr`hgss`r/e tgrå e årcue terghe cg j`rrlklr cghglt`s ce déokue qug `s eduo`s trezgi ce heiédle g c` einlgotg s`jled g cg gorlqugjgr j`osteotgigotg pedevres g gxprgss÷gs, cg ej`rc` j`i e o`rie j`iui. Ì ogjgssårl` teinìi qug `/e pr`hgss`r/e `hgrgëe e`s/ás eduo`s/es, i`cgd`s gxprgsslv`s qug dmgs epgrhglë`gi e hede.

O` Goslo` Qrliårl` pr`jure-sg jepejlter `s eduo`s pere es sgkulotgs j`ipgtæojles6 ? @uvlr, j`iprggocgr g heder2 ? Dgr, j`iprggocgr g gsjrgvgr.

prgpereëê` g cgsgov`dvligot` ce eude cgvg sgiprg qug gi j`ote e turie, ` eduo`, teot` ` einlgotg, `s Oe iìt`c`s g gstretìkles e utldlzer utldlzer.. Qr`jurg tlrer tgr es cövlces `s eduo`s eprgsgotgi e oévgd ce lotgrprgteëê`, j`i` cg v`jenudårl`, `rt`krehle `u kreiåtlje. Qere qug gdgs keomgi ` k`st` pgde rgcejëê`, menltug-`s e hezgr rgsui`s c` tgxt` j`i hresgs jrleces p`r t`c`s, j`dgjtlve g loclvlcuedigotg. Lojgotlvg-`s e pr`cuzlr pgqugoes j`ip`slë÷gs e pertlr cg cgsgom`s, mlstúrles dlces, `uvlces `u lovgoteces l ovgoteces p`r gdgs. @rlgotg-`s pere e gxp`slëê` jdere g j`rrgjte ces lcgles g pere e eprgsgoteëê` dúklje cg essuot`s. Srenedmg j`i `s eduo`s cg h`rie e gxpd`rer e` iåxli` es sues jepejlcecgs.

?584

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

Ietgrlels

Qere epdljeëê` cgstg pr`kreie, ` pr`hgss`r clsp`rå cg6 ? Ieouels pere ` eduo`2 ? Ieouels pere ` pr`hgss`r2 ? Kreiåtlje2 ? Cljl`oårl`.

@s ieouels en`rcerê` `s clhgrgotgs tgies pr`p`st`s, lst` ì, e ietìrle e gstucer, j`otgoc` gxgrjéjl`s verlec`s. E terghe c` pr`hgss`r oê` sg gsk`te oe slipdgs utldlzeëê` ces pr`p`stes eprgsgoteces o`s ieouels. @ pr`hgss`r cgvgrå sgdgjjl`oer es pr`p`stes qug dmg pergjgrgi iels ecgqueces e` oévgd g e` lotgrgssg c`s eduo`s g efucer e s`dujl`oer es dejuoes qug cgtgjter e` d`ok` c` pr`jgss` cg goslo`-eprgoclzekgi. Lst` lipdlje clzgr qug ` pr`hgss`r oê` sg cgvg dlilter epgoes e`s j`otgöc`s c`s ieouels.

Evedleëê` S`c` ` pr`jgss` cg goslo`-eprgoclzekgi rgqugr uie evedleëê`. S`cevle, S`cevle, ` pr`hgss`r cgvgrå oê` s`igotg evedler `s eduo`s, ies teinìi ` sgu prúprl` trenedm`. Evedleëê` c` trenedm` c`s eduo`s

E evedleëê` cgvg sgr j`otéoue g j`oslcgrer sgiprg `s `nfgjtlv`s cghlolc`s, `nrlkeoc` ` pr`hgss`r e hezgr, hezgr, j`i hrgquæojle, rgklst`s c`s rgsudtec`s `ntlc`s pgd`s eduo`s. Ej`osgdme-sg, p`ls, e pråtlje ce evedleëê` cg clekoústlj`, h`rietlve g suietlve. E prliglre loh`rierå ` pr`hgss`r s`nrg `s j`omgjligot`s c`s eduo`s o` loéjl` c` pr`jgss` cg goslo`-eprgoclzekgi. E sgkuoce cerå e` pr`hgss`r loh`rieë÷gs s`nrg e pr`krgssê` c`s eduo`s oe eprgoclzekgi. @ pr`hgss`r p`cgrå, essli, ieotgr `u rgh`riuder es sues gstretìkles. E tgrjglre cer-dmg-å loh`rieë÷gs qug sgrê` trecuzlces ouie gsjede quedltetlve `u queotltetlve. @ pr`hgss`r cgvg, teinìi, lojgotlver `s sgus eduo`s e eut`-evedlergi-sg g e evedlergi `s sgus j`dgkes. Qere qug gsse pråtlje sgfe h`rietlve, ì ogjgssårl` rghdgjtlr j`i `s eduo`s s`nrg `s rgsudtec`s `ntlc`s, `u qug p`cgrlei `ntgr, `ntgr, tgoc` gi etgoëê` `s `nfgjtlv`s prgvleigotg cghlolc`s. Evedleëê` c` trenedm` c` pr`hgss`r Gste evedleëê` prgssup÷g qug ` pr`hgss`r cgvg pdeolhljer ` sgu trenedm` g pr`jgcgr e uie rghdgxê` pgss`ed. Xgrlhljerå sg `s j`otgöc`s h`rei eprggoclc`s p`r t`c`s `s eduo`s `u s`igotg p`r edkuos, cgvgoc` rgh`riuder iìt`c`s g gstretìkles, sg essli ejmer `p`rtuo`. Gste rghdgxê` pgss`ed pgriltlrå e` pr`hgss`r pr`hgss`r,, oê` sú evedler ` sgu prúprl` trenedm` (eut`-evedler(eut`-evedlersg), j`i` teinìi ` trenedm` c`s eduo`s g cgjlclr s`nrg e lotr`cuëê` `u oê` cg o`v`s j`otgöc`s, cg rgh`riudeëê` cg gstretìkles g cg lotr`cuëê` cg ejtlvlcecgs cg rgigcleëê` qug efucgi `s eduo`s e supgrer gvgotuels clhljudcecgs. S`cevle, `s p`ssévgls o`v`s j`otgöc`s e lotr`cuzlr cgvgrê` sgr c` lotgrgssg c`s eduo`s `u j`i utldlcecg pere gdgs. ?5;4

4

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Eogx` E J`otgöc`s Kreietljels - :.ª Jdessg jdessgs cg Qedevres jdessgs cg jdessgs Qedevres

jdessgs cg jdessgs Qedevres

Gxgipd`s

@s o`igs6

@s vgrn`s

?  Hdgxê` gi kìogr`2

ket`, kete2

?  O`ëê` cg tgip`

?  Hdgxê` gi oöigr`2

 v`jæ,  v`j æ, v`jæs v `jæs22

?  Qessec`

?  Hdgxê` gi kreu (cliloutlv` g euigotetlv`).

ketlom`, ketê`2

?  Qrgsgotg ?  Hutur`

^gkres cg ejgotueëê`  @s pr`o`igs6

 vgrn `s rgkud  vgrn`s r gkudergs ergs (er-gr-lr) g lrrgkudergs ‚ lr, sgr, tgr gu v`u tu vels ... oús  vei`ss  vei`

?  Hdgxê` gi pgss`e g gi oöigr`

 Es prgp p rgp`slë `slë÷gs ÷gs

?  Qr`o`igs pgss`els (h`ries cg sufglt`)2

?  Zlipdgs

?  Qr`o`igs p`ssgsslv`s2 ?  Qr`o`igs cgi`ostretlv`s.

Gxgipd`s

@s ecvìrnl`s equgdg, equgde, lss`, lst`

?  Ogkeëê` ?  Ehlrieëê`

@s ecfgjtlv`s ?  Hdgxê` gi kìogr`2

n`olt`, n`olte

?  Hdgxê` gi oöigr`2

n`olt`s, n`oltes

?  Uueotlcecg ?  Sgip` ?  Duker

?  Hdgxê` gi kreu6 ?  J`iperetlv`2

...iels n`olt` qug...

?  Zupgrdetlv`.

...` iels n`olt`...

... etì, j`i, cg, sgi, pere, p`r oê` sli iult`, p`uj` `otgi, m`fg, eieomê equl, edl, då essli ngi, j`i`, gi-igotg(s`igotg)

?  I`c`

O`te6 E eprgoclzekgi cgstgs j`otgöc`s prgssup÷g, j`i` prì-rgqulslt`s, `s pr`p`st`s pere e 5.ª 5 .ª hesg. J`ipgtg e` pr`hgss`r, pr`hgss`r, ouie hesg loljled, vgrlhljå-d`s g, sg s g ogjgssårl`, j`os`dlcå-d`s.

?5=4

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

Eogx` N J`otgöc`s Kreietljels E Hresg Zlipdgs6 Slp`s g H`ries cg Hresg Hresgs Zlipdgs

Gxgipd`s

Slp`s cg Hresg6 ? Cgjderetlve2

E Gve vel pere e gsj`de.

? Lotgrr`ketlve2

E Gve vel pere e gsj`de0

? Gxjdeietlve2

E Gve vel pere e gsj`de!

? Lipgretlve.

Gve, vel pere e gsj`de!

H`ries cg Hresg6 ? Ehlrietlve2

@s igolo`s vê` pere e gsj`de.

? Ogketlve.

@s igolo`s oê` vê` pere e gsj`de.

O`te6 E eprgoclzekgi cgstgs j`otgöc`s prgssup÷g, j`i` prì-rgqulslt`s, `s pr`p`st`s pere e 5.ª hesg. J`ipgtg e` pr`hgss`r, pr`hgss`r, ouie hesg loljled, vgrlhljå-d`s g, sg ogjgssårl`, j`os`dlcå-d`s.

?5>4

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels ce Clsjlpdloe ? Gstruturer ` j`omgjligot` cg sl prúprl`, cgsgov`dvgoc` etltucgs cg eut`-goslo` g eut`-j`ohleoëe g  ved`rlzeoc` e sue lcgotlcecg g reézgs2 ? Lcgotlhljer gdgigot`s c` igl` héslj` gov`dvgotg (rgdgv`, rl`s, heuoe, hd`re, gstec` c` tgip`, gtj.)2 ? Lcgotlhljer `s prlojlpels gdgigot`s c` igl` s`jled gov`dvgotg (heiédle, gsj`de, j`iuolcecg g sues h`ries cg `rkeolzeëê`, ejtlvlcecg muieoe) j`ipereoc` g rgdejl`oeoc` es sues prlojlpels jerejtgréstljes2 ? Lcgotlhljer pr`ndgies j`ojrgt`s rgdetlv`s e` sgu igl` g j`den`rer gi ejë÷gs dlkeces á igdm`rle c` sgu quecr` cg vlce2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr g gstruturer o`ë÷gs cg gspeë` g cg tgip` g lcgotlhljer edkuos gdgigot`s rgdetlv`s á Mlstúrle g Kg`krehle cg Eok`de2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr edkuos pr`jgss`s slipdgs cg rgj`omgjligot` ce rgedlcecg gov`dvgotg (`nsgrver, cgsjrgvgr, h`riuder pr`ndgies, eveoëer p`ssévgls rgsp`stes, goseler, vgrlhljer) essuiloc` uie etltucg cg pgrieogotg pgsqulse g gxpgrligoteëê`2 ? J`iprggocgr qug t`c`s `s sgrgs muieo`s sê` eoliels g tgr uie j`iprggosê` gdgigoter ce gstruture g huoë÷gs c` j`rp` muieo`2 ? Loljler ` cgsgov`dvligot` cg uie iel`r j`osjlæojle s`nrg `s pr`ndgies ce Oeturgze g ogjgsslcecg ce sue pr`tgjëê`2 ? J`omgjgr loh`rieë÷gs nåsljes s`nrg e Sgrre g ` Gspeë`2 ? Loljler g cgsgov`dvgr e pråtlje cg tìjoljes slipdgs cg pgsqulse (`nsgrveëê`, gotrgvlstes, jertezgs, gtj.)2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr månlt`s cg mlklgog pgss`ed g cg vlce seucåvgd, utldlzeoc` rgkres nåsljes cg sgkureoëe g essuiloc` uie etltucg etgote gi rgdeëê` e` j`osui`2 ? ^gj`omgjgr g ved`rlzer ` sgu petrliúol` mlstúrlj` g judtured g cgsgov`dvgr ` rgspglt` p`r `utr`s p`v`s g judtures, rgfglteoc` quedqugr tlp` cg cgsjrliloeëê`.

?>:4

4

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels ce Clsjlpdloe c` Gstuc` c` Igl` oe :.ª Jdessg ? J`omgjgr-sg e sl igsi`2 ? J`iprggocgr `s sgotligot`s g gstec`s pslj`dúklj`s2 ? J`omgjgr o`ries pere ieotgr e seöcg g sue sgkureoëe2 ? J`omgjgr `s iginr`s ce heiédle2 ? J`ostrulr e årv`rg kgogedúklje2 ? J`omgjgr `s sgrgs vlv`s2 ? J`iprggocgr `s espgjt`s c` igl` héslj`2 ? J`iprggocgr es lotgr-rgdeë÷gs gotrg gspeë`s2 ? J`iprggocgr es lotgr-rgdeë÷gs gotrg e Oeturgze g e Z`jlgcecg.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

J`otgöc`s Qr`kreiåtlj`s

5¶ Srligstrg ? Sgie 5 -  E cgsj`ngrte cg sl igsi`. ? Sgie > -  @s iginr`s ce heiédle.

>¶ Srligstrg ? Sgie : -  E cgsj`ngrte ces lostltulë÷gs. ? Sgie 3 -  @ einlgotg oetured.

:¶ Srligstrg lotgr-rgdeë÷gs -rgdeë÷gs gotrg gspeë`s. ? Sgie 7 -  Es lotgr ? Sgie 8 -  Cgsj`ngrte ces lotgr-rgdeë÷gs gotrg e Oeturgze g e Z`jlgcecg.

?>74

4

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

@rkeolzeë÷gs c`s Sgies Sgie 5 - E cgsj`ngrte cg Zl Igsi`

@nfgjtlv`s kgrels6 J`omgjgr-sg e sl igsi` g j`iprggocgr `s sgotligot`s g gstec`s pslj`dúklj`s. Zuntgies6 ? Zue oeturedlcecg g oejl`oedlcecg2 ? @ sgu j`rp`6 ?  Huoëê` clkgstlve6 e n`je g `s cgotgs2 ?  N`os g ieus månlt`s edligotergs2 ?  Huoëê` rgsplretúrle2 ?  Huoëê` jlrjudetúrle2 ?  Huoëê` gxjrgt`re2 ?  Huoëê` rgpr`cut`re2 ?  XLM/ZLCE. ? ^gj`omgjgr edkuos sgotligot`s g gstec`s pséqulj`s2 ? Zeöcg c` sgu j`rp`6 ?  Qgrlk` c` j`osui` cg ådj``d g tenej`2 ?  E lip`rtîojle c` er pur` g c` s`d. ? Zgkureoëe c` sgu j`rp`6 ? Hgrligot`s dlkglr`s2 ? I`rcgcures g pljeces cg eoliels2 ? Mgi`rrekles.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

4

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s ? ^gj`omgjgr e sue oeturedlcecg g oejl`oedlcecg2 ? Lcgotlhljer es huoë÷gs c` j`rp` muieo`2 ? Lcgotlhljer edkuies c`goëes sgxuedigotg treosilssévgls2 ? ^gj`omgjgr edkuos sgotligot`s2 ? Lcgotlhljer edkuos gstec`s pséqulj`s2 ? Essloeder o`ries pere ieotgr e seöcg c` sgu j`rp`2 ? Lcgotlhljer `s pgrlk`s c` j`osui` c` ådj``d g tenej`2 ? Essloeder iìt`c`s cg sgkureoëe c` sgu j`rp`.

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes Qere gstg tgie ` pr`hgss`r p`cg vgrlhljer `s j`omgjligot`s ecqulrlc`s oes jdessgs eotgrl`rgs, pere lotr`cuzlr es o`ë÷gs cg oeturedlcecg g oejl`oedlcecg. Wtldlzeoc` hlkures, liekgos `u i`cgd`s, ` pr`hgss`r hede ce j`ostltulëê` c` j`rp` g d`jedlze es huoë÷gs cg jece úrkê` `u slstgie cg úrkê`s. E` heder ce huoëê` rgpr`cut`re, hez rghgræojle ás CZS, CZS, gohetlzeoc` ` XLM/ZLCE, j`i` c`goëe qug iete g oê` tgi jure. Q`cg heder ces h`ries cg j`oteiloeëê`, prgvgoëê` g j`osgquæojles s`jlels g gj`oúiljes ce c`goëe. @ pr`hgss`r cgvg clzgr e`s eduo`s qug ` M`igi rgvgde sgotligot`s/gstec`s pséqulj`s j`i` trlstgze, jerlom`, ei`r, ei`r, ehgjt` p`r edkuìi e qugi sg qugr iult` ngi, gtj., qug sg ieolhgstei cg h`ries qug clhgrgi cg pgss`e pere pgss`e. @ ådj``d g ` tenej` j`otæi sunstîojles iult` pgrlk`ses qug edtgrei e hlsl`d`kle c` loclvécu` qug `s j`os`ig. Essli sgoc`, ` pr`hgss`r p`cg rgj`dmgr loh`rieë÷gs o` sgl` c`s eduo`s2 qued cg gotrg gdgs ì cgsjgocgotg cg pels j`i ui cgstgs pr`ndgies. Cgvg eloce edgrter qug `s igolo`s tæi j`i` rgsp`osenldlcecg s`jled pessergi gste loh`rieëê` ás pgss`es ce sue j`iuolcecg. Q`cgi teinìi gden`rer ui f`roed iured j`i h`t`krehles g `utr`s c`juigot`s qug gspgdmgi `s pgrlk`s ces ngnlces edj`údljes g c` tenej`. Ì lip`rteotg hezgr j`i qug `s eduo`s j`omgëei es o`ries pere pr`jgcgrgi j`i sgkureoëe.

?>;4

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Sgie > ‚ @s Iginr`s ce Heiédle Zuntgies6 ? @s iginr`s ce tue heiédle2 ?  ^gdeëê` cg pergotgsj`2 ?  Årv`rg kgogedúklje2 ?  @s eotgpessec`s.

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s ? ^gj`omgjgr `s iginr`s ce heiédle2 ? Gstengdgjgr es rgdeë÷gs cg pergotgsj`2 ? J`ostrulr e årv`rg kgogedúklje.

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes

Etrevìs cg hlkures, krevures, cgsgom`s `u h`t`krehles, ` pr`hgss`r p`cgrå gxpdljer `s kreus cg pergotgsj` gotrg es pgss`es ce igsie heiédle. Jdesslhljer e heiédle gi rgstrlte g ederkece, gxpdljeoc` es sues rgdeë÷gs cg pergotgsj`. Q`cgrå j`ostrulr uie årv`rg kgogedúklje utldlzeoc` h`t`krehles cg uie heiédle, krevures, hlkures `u cgsgom`s. @ pr`hgss`r p`cgrå sedlgoter es rgdeë÷gs c`s eduo`s j`i `s sgus eotgpessec`s6 evús g nlsevús.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

4

Sgie : - Cgsj`ngrte ces Lostltulë÷gs Zuntgie6 ? @ pessec` c` igl` d`jed2 ? Zéin`d`s oejl`oels2 ? J`stuigs g treclë÷gs c`s p`v`s.

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s ? Lotgrprgter ` pessec` c` igl`2 ? Lcgotlhljer `s j`stuigs g treclë÷gs c`s p`v`s2 ? ^gj`omgjgr `s séin`d`s oejl`oels.

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes @ pr`hgss`r j`ovgrse j`i `s eduo`s s`nrg ` pessec` ce sue d`jedlcecg. Etrevìs cg hlkures, krevures, h`t`krehles, `u igsi` c` igl` héslj` (gståtues g, i`ouigot`s), j`ovgrsei j`i pgss`es lc`ses, lcgotlhljei g lotgrprgtei ` pessec` ce d`jedlcecg, `s j`stuigs, treclë÷gs c`s p`v`s g séin`d`s oejl`oels. E gxpdljeëê` c` slkolhljec` slkolhlj ec` c`s séin`d`s oejl`oels pgd` pr`hgss`r g p`r pgss`es lc`ses g lcúoges ì iult` lip`rteotg.

?>4

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

4

Sgie 7 - Es Lotgr-rgdeë÷gs Gotrg Gspeë`s Zuntgies6 ? D`jedlzer gspeë`s ce ilome d`jedlcecg2 ? Cgsd`jeëê` c`s sgrgs vlv`s6 ? C`s eoliels2 ? Ces pgss`es2 ? @ j`iìrjl`2 ? @s igl`s cg j`iuoljeëê`6 ? Gv`duëê` c`s treosp`rtgs2 ? Gv`duëê` ces j`iuoljeë÷gs.

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s ? ^gj`omgjgr `s gspeë`s ce d`jedlcecg2 ? Lcgotlhljer e cgsd`jeëê` c`s eoliels2 ? Lcgotlhljer e cgsd`jeëê` ces pgss`es2 ? Cgsjrgvgr clhgrgotgs d`jels cg j`iìrjl`2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e gv`duëê` c`s treosp`rtgs2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e gv`duëê` ces j`iuoljeë÷gs.

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes @ pr`hgss`r p`cgrå `rlgoter `s eduo`s e utldlzer e nöss`de o` lotgrl`r g o` gxtgrl`r ce sede. @s eduo`s p`cgrê` rgprgsgoter, etrevìs cg cgsgom`s, `s clhgrgotgs gspeë`s ce d`jedlcecg j`i`6 menlteëê`, d`fes, gspeë`s cg dezgr, dezgr, gtj. Q`cgrå dgver `s eduo`s e rgj`dmgr cec`s s`nrg `s i`tlv`s qug dgvei `s eoliels g es pgss`es e cgsd`jergi-sg cg ui dec` pere ` `utr`. Dgver `s eduo`s e `nsgrver `s clhgrgotgs d`jels cg j`iìrjl`. Lojgotlver `s eduo`s e hedergi j`i pgss`es iels vgdmes, j`i` `s evús g `s vlzlom`s, s`nrg e gv`duëê` c`s treosp`rtgs g ce j`iuoljeëê`. Gosloer `s eduo`s e gsjrgvgr jertes, prggojmgr govgd`pgs, gsjrgvgr tgdgkreies g hezgr ui f`roed.

?::4

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Sgie 8 - Es Lotgr-rgdeë÷gs Gotrg e Oeturgze g e Z`jlgcecg Zuntgies6 ? E ekrljudture2 ? E jrleëê` cg kec`2 ? E gxpd`reëê` hd`rgsted2 ? E ejtlvlcecg plsjetúrle2 ? E gxpd`reëê` ilogred2 ? E gxpd`reëê` locustrled2 ? Es j`ostruë÷gs.

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s ? J`iprggocgr e lotgr-rgdeëê` gotrg e Oeturgze g e Z`jlgcecg2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e ekrljudture j`i` h`otg cg ietìrle-prlie2 ? Lcgotlhljer edkuos hejt`rgs oeturels j`i lohduæojle oe ekrljudture2 ? Lcgotlhljer edkuos pgrlk`s pere ` M`igi g pere ` einlgotg, rgsudteotgs c` us` cg pr`cut`s quéilj`s oe ekrljudture2 ? ^gj`omgjgr es prlojlpels gspìjlgs cg eoliels jrleces oe d`jedlcecg2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e jrleëê` cg kec` j`i` h`otg cg edligot`s2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e jrleëê` cg kec` j`i` h`otg cg ietìrle-prlie2 ? ^gdejl`oer edkuies ejtlvlcecgs j`i e jrleëê` cg kec`2 ? Essloeder edkuos pr`ndgies cg p`dulëê` pr`v`jec`s pgde jrleëê` cg kec`2 ? Lcgotlhljer es prlojlpels gspìjlgs hd`rgstels ce d`jedlcecg2 ? Essloeder edkuos pr`cut`s cgrlvec`s ce hd`rgste ce d`jedlcecg2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e hd`rgste j`i` h`otg cg ietìrle-prlie2 ? ^gj`omgjgr edkuies ejtlvlcecgs, j`i` e gxpd`reëê` hd`rgsted2 ? Essloeder o`ries cg prgvgoëê` cg lojæocl`s hd`rgstels2 ? Lcgotlhljer `s d`jels cg pgsje ce d`jedlcecg2 ? Essloeder es prlojlpels gspìjlgs pgsjeces oe d`jedlcecg2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e pgsje j`i` h`otg cg edligot` g cg ietìrle-prlie2 ?:34

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

? Lcgotlhljer hejt`s qug p`cgi pór gi pgrlk` es gspìjlgs equåtljes2 ? ^gj`omgjgr h`ries cg j`igrjledlzeëê` g j`osgrveëê` c` pgsjec`2 ? Essloeder `utres ejtlvlcecgs dlkeces e`s igl`s equåtlj`s2 ? Lcgotlhljer edkuos d`jels cg gxpd`reëê` ilogred2 ? Essloeder `s prlojlpels pr`cut`s ilogrels ce d`jedlcecg2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e gxpd`reëê` ilogred j`i` h`otg cg ietìrle-prlie ce d`jedlcecg2 ? Lcgotlhljer edkuos pgrlk`s pere ` M`igi g pere ` einlgotg, cgj`rrgotgs ce gxpd`reëê` ilogred2 ? Lcgotlhljer es locöstrles gxlstgotgs oe d`jedlcecg2 ? Essloeder edkuies ietìrles-prlies usece ogsses locöstrles2 ? Essloeder pere `ocg vê` g j`i` vê` `s pr`cut`s hloels2 ? ^gj`omgjgr es locöstrles j`i` h`otgs cg p`dulëê`2 ? Lcgotlhljer `s tlp`s cg j`ostruëê` ce d`jedlcecg2 ? Essloeder `s ietgrlels utldlzec`s oe j`ostruëê`2 ? ^gj`omgjgr es pr`hlss÷gs gov`dvlc`s oe j`ostruëê`2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e lip`rtîojle c` seogeigot` nåslj` g c` enestgjligot` ce åkue2 ? ^gj`omgjgr e lip`rtîojle g e ogjgsslcecg c`s gspeë`s cg dezgr. dezgr.

?:74

4

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes @ pr`hgss`r p`cgrå rgj`omgjgr e ekrljudture j`i` h`otg cg ietìrles-prlies (gx.6 ` trlk`, ` údg`, ` t`ietg, gtj.). Igojl`oer edkuies tìjoljes trecljl`oels g i`cgroes ess`jleces á ekrljudture6 devre, trejt`r trejt`r,, rgke, plj`tg, gtj. J`i efuce c` pr`hgss`r, `s eduo`s p`cgrê` lcgotlhljer edkuos pgrlk`s pere ` M`igi g pere ` einlgotg rgsudteotgs c` us` cg pr`cut`s quéilj`s oe ekrljudture (julcec`s e tgr j`i ` us` cg pgstljlces, mgrnljlces g ecun`s quéilj`s). @s eduo`s, s`n `rlgoteëê` c` pr`hgss`r, p`cgrê` hezgr ` dgveoteigot` ces prlojlpels gspìjlgs eoliels jrleces oe d`jedlcecg. Gohetlzer e jrleëê` cg kec` j`i` h`otg cg edligot` g j`i` h`otg cg ietìrle-prlie (dejtljéol`s, sedsljmerle, jurtuigs). Lcgotlhljer edkuos pr`ndgies cg p`dulëê` pr`v`jec`s pgde jrleëê` cg kec`. O` suntgie qug trete ce gxpd`reëê` hd`rgsted, ` pr`cut` p`cgrå rgj`omgjgr e gxpd`reëê` hd`rgsted, ` eduo` p`cgrå rgj`omgjgr e hd`rgste j`i` h`otg cg ietìrles prlies (iecglre, rgsloe, j`rtlëe). Heder ces o`ries cg prgvgoëê` cg lojæocl`s hd`rgstels. J`i efuce c` pr`hgss`r, `s eduo`s p`cgrê` hezgr ui dgveoteigot` ces prlojlpels gspìjlgs cg pgsjec` ce d`jedlcecg g gohetlzer e pgsje j`i` h`otg cg edligot` g cg ietìrles-prlies. Lcgotlhljer edkuos hejt`rgs qug p÷gi gi pgrlk` es gspìjlgs equåtljes. O` qug j`ojgrog á gxpd`reëê` ilogred, ` pr`hgss`r p`cgrå rghgrlr-sg e`s prlojlpels pr`cut`s ilogrels ce d`jedlcecg, rgj`omgjgr e gxpd`reëê` ilogred j`i` h`otg cg ietìrle-prlie, essli j`i` lcgotlhljer edkuos pgrlk`s pere ` M`igi g pere ` einlgotg, cgj`rrgotgs ce gxpd`reëê` ilogred. Z`n `rlgoteëê` c` pr`hgss`r, `s eduo`s p`cgrê` j`omgjgr es locöstrles gxlstgotgs oe d`jedlcecg, edkuies ietìrles-prlies useces ogsses locöstrles g rgedëer es locöstrles j`i` j `i` h`otgs cg p`dulëê`. O` qug j`ojgrog e j`ostruëê`, `s eduo`s p`cgrê` `nsgrver clvgrs`s ietgrlels ogde utldlzec`s, es pr`hlss÷gs gov`dvlces, essli j`i` heder ce lip`rtîojle c` seogeigot` nåslj` g c` enestgjligot` cg åkue g oe ogjgsslcecg c`s gspeë`s cg dezgr dezgr..

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? Qr`kreie cg Ietgiåtlje

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Lotr`cuëê` E Ietgiåtlje ì j`oslcgrece uie j`ip`ogotg liprgsjlocévgd oe h`rieëê` c` M`igi. E gv`duëê` tgjo`dúklje g e clvgrslcecg cg pr`ndgies qug sg j`d`jei o` cle-e-cle cg quedqugr s`jlgcecg rgedëei e ogjgsslcecg cg c`iloer vårl`s tlp`s cg rejl`jéol` g cg utldlzer utldlzer,, cg clhgrgotgs h`ries, `s j`omgjligot`s ietgiåtlj`s. @ jurréjud` ce Ietgiåtlje pere ` Goslo` Qrliårl` gstå j`ojgnlc` cg h`rie e j`otgipder e sue ecepteëê` e` oévgd c` cgsgov`dvligot` g pr`krgssê` c`s eduo`s j`i clhgrgotgs lotgrgssgs g jepejlcecgs. J`osgqugotgigotg, ì cg rgedëer qug ` goslo` ce Ietgiåtlje cgvg cgsgov`dvgr e equlslëê` cg j`omgjligot`s g tìjoljes qug p`ssei i`nldlzer ` cgsgov`dvligot` cg jepejlcecgs g cg etltucgs liprgsjgocévgls pere e h`rieëê` kgred c` loclvécu`. @ eduo` cgvg sgr gojerec` j`i` ui pertljlpeotg ejtlv` oe j`ostruëê` c`s j`omgjligot`s ietgiåtlj`s. Q`r lss`, uie ces prlojlpels terghes c` pr`hgss`r ì `rkeolzer `s igl`s g jrler ui einlgotg hev`råvgd á eprgoclzekgi, tgoc` prgsgotg qug ` edv` c` pr`jgss` cg goslo`-eprgoclzekgi ì ` eduo`.

Sgoc` gi j`ote ` qug h`l clt` eotgrl`rigotg, sê` hloedlcecgs c` goslo` ce Ietgiåtlje o` Goslo` Qrliårl`6 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e jepejlcecg cg rejl`jéol`2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e jepejlcecg cg j`iuoljeëê`2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e jepejlcecg cg rgs`dvgr pr`ndgies2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e jepejlcecg cg utldlzer e Ietgiåtlje j`i` lostruigot` cg lotgrprgteëê` g lotgrvgoëê` o` rged2 ? Qr`i`vgr e rgedlzeëê` pgss`ed, igcleotg ` cgsgov`dvligot` cg etltucgs cg eut`o`ile g j``pgreëê`.

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels ce Clsjlpdloe o` Goslo` Qrliår` @ goslo` ce Ietgiåtlje o` jljd` cgvgrå cgsgov`dvgr o`s eduo`s `s sgkulotgs `nfgjtlv`s6 ? J`iprggocgr ` sgotlc` c` oöigr`2 ? Epdljer ` jådjud` j`i oöigr`s lotglr`s g cgjliels2 ? J`iprggocgr e cghlolëê` cg pr`p`rjl`oedlcecg clrgjte2 ? J`omgjgr ` gspeë`2 ? Epdljer iìt`c`s qug rgsudtgi o` cgsgov`dvligot` ce jepejlcecg cg rgs`duëê` cg pr`ndgies2 ? Eoedlser ` j`omgjligot` cg clhgrgotgs cl hgrgotgs kreocgzes2 ? J`omgjgr iìt`c`s qug cgsgov`dvgi e jepejlcecg cg j`iuoljer ietgietljeigotg, etrevìs cg erkuigot`s g fustlhljeëê` cg `plol÷gs.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels ce Ietgiåtlje oe :.ª Jdessg ? J`iprggocgr ` c`iéol` c`s oöigr`s lotglr`s j`i` h`rie cg loljler ` cgsgov`dvligot` c` pgoseigot` ietgiåtlj`2 ? Epdljer gxgrjéjl`s nåslj`s cg eclëê` g suntrejëê`2 ? Epdljer pr`jgcligot`s qug vlsgi cgsgov`dvgr ` pgoseigot` huojl`oed etrevìs c` trenedm` j`i  verlåvgl  verl åvglss slip s lipdgs dgs lot lotr`cu r`cuzlce zlcess cg h`ri h`riee lipdé li pdéjlt jlte2 e2 ? Epdljer pr`jgcligot`s cg jådjud` igoted2 ? J`omgjgr es hlkures kg`iìtrljes pdeoes2 ? Eoedlser `s súdlc`s kg`iìtrlj`s2 ? J`omgjgr es uolcecgs cg (j`iprligot`, jepejlcecg, pgs` g tgip`).

Clstrlnulëê` c`s J`otgöc`s p`r Sgies Sgie 5 - Kg`igtrle

5.5. Zúdlc`s kg`iìtrlj`s6 ? Jldlocr`2 ? Qeredgdgpépgc`.

5.>. Hlkures kg`iìtrljes pdeoes6 ? Uuecrldåtgr`2 ? Srepìzl`2 ? Qeredgd`krei`2 ? ^gjtîokud`2 ? Uuecrec`.

5.:. Dlomes6 ? Zgkigot` cg rgjte2 ? Jlrjuohgræojle.

5.3. Zligtrle6 ? O`ëê` cg sligtrle2 ? Hlkures sliìtrljes gi rgdeëê` e ui glx`.

?:.5. Igclëê` cg kreocgzes j`i uolcecgs pecr`olzeces6 >.5.5. Wolcecg cg j`iprligot` (suniödtlpd`s)6 ? Igtr` (i)2 ? Cgjéigtr` (ci)2 ? Jgotéigtr` (ji)2 ? Ildéigtr` (ii).

>.5.>. Qgréigtr` cg p`dék`o`s6 ? ^gjtîokud`2 ? Uuecrec`2 ? Srlîokud`.

>.5.:. Wolcecgs cg jepejlcecg (suniödtlpd`s)6 ? Dltr` (d)2 ? Cgjldltr` (cd)2 ? Jgotldltr` (jd)2 ? Ildldltr` (id).

>.5.3. Wolcecgs cg pgs` (iesse `u pgs`)6 ? S`ogdece (t) 9 5111 5 111 bks2 ? Uuloted (q)2 ? Cgjebld`kreie (cjbk)2 ? Bld`kreie (5 bk) 9 5111 krs2 ? Mgjt`kreie (mk)2 ? Cgjekreie (cek)2 ? Kreie (k).

>.5.7. Wolcecgs cg tgip` (us` c` rgdúkl`)6 ? Wtldlzeëê` c` rgdúkl`2 ? M`res2 ? Ilout`s2 ? Zgkuoc`.

>.5.8. Clomglr`6 ? O`tes2 ? I`gces2 ? Qr`ndgies cg j`ipre g vgoce. ?3>4

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s ? ^gj`omgjgr e ogjgsslcecg cg utldlzeëê` cg uie uolcecg pecr`olzece pere ghgjtuer igclë÷gs2 ? ^gdejl`oer uolcecgs cg j`iprligot`6 ` igtr` g sgus suniödtlpd`s2 ? Jedjuder `s pgréigtr`s c`s p`dék`o`s2 ? ^gdejl`oer uolcecgs cg jepejlcecg6 ` dltr` g sgus suniödtlpd`s2 ? ^gdejl`oer e m`re j`i ` ilout`, ` ilout` j`i ` sgkuoc`, etrevìs c` us` c` rgdúkl`2 ? Lcgotlhljer es i`gces g o`tes gi jlrjudeëê`2 ? ^gdejl`oer es uolcecgs cg pgs`, e kreie, ` quld`kreie g e t`ogdece.

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes Etrevìs c` treteigot` ces kreocgzes, prgtgocg-sg j`i gstg tgie j`omgjgr es uolcecgs cg j`iprligot`, ` pgréigtr` cg edkuos p`dék`o`s (rgjtîokud`, quecrec` g trlîokud`), es uolcecgs cg jepejlcecg, es uolcecgs cg pgs`, es uolcecgs cg tgip` j`i e utldlzeëê` c` rgdúkl`, g ` us` c` clomglr`. ^gedlzer j`ovgrs÷gs g ecqulrlr j`omgjligot`s sgkur`s s`nrg es rgdeë÷gs gotrg es clhgrgotgs uolcecgs ce igsie jetgk`rle, pere p`cgrgi utldlzer e h`rie cgjlied o` jådjud`, ì teinìi ui c`s `nfgjtlv`s prli`rclels. @ treteigot` cg kreocgzes hez pertg c` treteigot` c` c`iéol` ouiìrlj` etì 51111. @ rgj`omgjligot` ce ogjgsslcecg cg utldlzer uie uolcecg pecr`olzece sgrå hglt` etrevìs c` j`ohr`ot` c` rgsudtec` `ntlc` pgd`s eduo`s gi clhgrgotgs igclë÷gs j`i uolcecg cg gsj`dme dlvrg. Q`r gxgipd`, jece eduo` cgvg j`ostrulr ` sgu s gu igtr` g p`stgrl`rigotg gxpgrligoter vårles igclë÷gs, edture gi qug sgotlrå ogjgsslcecg cg utldlzer uolcecgs igo`rgs, cgvgoc` gi sgkulce jedjuder ` pgréigtr` cg edkuies hlkures kg`iìtrljes. Qere ` pgs` c`s `nfgjt`s, `s eduo`s cgvgrê` utldlzer uie nedeoëe g es iesses ierjeces iels j`iuos, tels j`i`6 j `i`6 5bk 6711 kr

 ⎒ 5  

  5   ⎟    5   ⎟  bk⎐  g 2 >71 kr ⎒   g   5>7 kr ⎒  ⎔⎙ > bk⎟  ⎐  ⎔ ⎔⎙ = bk⎐  ⎡  ⎙ 3 ⎡  ⎡ 

Q`r `utr` dec`, ` jådjud` j`i kreocgzes sgrvg teinìi pere j`os`dlceëê` ces `pgreë÷gs cg h`rie gsjrlte. Essli, ` treteigot` ce kreocgze cg j`iprligot` `u cg iesse, ghgjtue-sg ce iudtlpdljeëê` g clvlsê` p`r 51, 511 g 5111, goqueot` qug pere e kreocgze tgip`, iudtlpdlje-sg p`r ;, 5>, >3 g 81. Equl, `s eduo`s etrevìs cg ui rgdúkl` cg jert`dloe p`r gdgs j`ostruéc`, clstlokugi ` p`otglr` ces m`res g ` p`otglr` c`s ilout`s g vgrlhljei qug goqueot` gstg ödtli` p`otglr` cå uie v`dte j`ipdgte (81 ilout`s), ` p`otglr` ces m`res eveoëe 5 m`re. ^gdetlveigotg e` clomglr`, t`roe-sg ogjgssårl` j`omgjgr g lcgotlhljer es i`gces g o`tes gi jlrjudeëê`, jrleoc` sltueë÷gs gi qug lotgrvæi pr`ndgies cg j`ipre g vgoce.

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     4 Gcujeëê`| Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

Qdeolhljeëê` cg ui Zuntgie Sgie > | Kreocgzes Zuntgie6 Wolcecg cg j`iprligot`. @nfgjtlv`(s) kgred(els)6 J`omgjgr es uolcecgs cg j`iprligot`2

Epdljer es uolcecgs cg j`iprligot`. ? Dgr g gsjrgvgr oöigr`s2 Qrì-rgqulslt`s

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s

? Gstengdgjgr rgdeë÷gs cg kreocgzes gotrg `nfgjt`s. ? ^gj`omgjgr e ogjgsslcecg cg sg rgedlzergi igclë÷gs utldlzeoc` ` igtr` g `s sgus suniödtlpd`s. ? Wolcecg cg j`iprligot`6 ? Igtr` (i)2

J`otgöc`s

? Cgjéigtr` (ci)2 ? Jgotéigtr` (ji)2 ? Ildéigtr` (ii).

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes

? Jece eduo` cgvg p`ssulr ` sgu ietgrled. @ pr`hgss`r `rlgoterå e ejtlvlcecg cg j`ostruëê` cg ui —igtr`’ pere jece eduo`, utldlzeoc` jert`dloe. Gi sgkulce igcloc` cgtgriloec`s j`iprligot`s, `s eduo`s replceigotg sgotgi e ogjgsslcecg cg utldlzer uolcecgs igo`rgs. ? ^ìkue2

Igl`s cg Goslo`

? Gsquecr`2 ? Hlte cg edheletg `u cg jerplotglr`2 ? @utr`s ietgrlels qug ` pr`hgss`r prghgrlr, prghgrlr, tlres cg jert`dloe.

Evedleëê` Sgip`

? Gxgrjéjl`s `rels g gsjrlt`s. ? 37 ilout`s.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

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Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes @ gstuc` c`s oöigr`s cgvg sgr hglt` pr`krgsslveigotg, tgoc` gi j`ote es p`sslnldlcecgs g `s rlti`s loclvlcuels c`s eduo`s. E lotr`cuëê` c`s oöigr`s p`cg sgr hglte e pertlr cg j`ofuot`s cg `nfgjt`s j`i uie pr`prlgcecg j`iui e`s gdgigot`s. oöigr` zgr` g ` rgspgjtlv` séin`d` p`cgrê` sgr lotr`cuzlc`s e pertlr cg uie sltueëê` j`ojrgte gi@qug sgfe ogjgssårl` rgprgsgoter e eusæojle cg `nfgjtlv`s `u e pertlr ce suntrejëê`. E rgprgsgoteëê` cg oöigr`s ouie rgjte krecuece p`cg euxldler ` gstuc` ce `rcgoeëê` cg oöigr`s. E utldlzeëê` c`s sloels ? g 4 oe j`ipereëê` cg oöigr`s, oê` cgvg sgr hglte d`k` o` loéjl`. E j`ipereëê` cgvg sgr prgjgclce ce cgj`ip`slëê` g j`ip`slëê` cg oöigr`s g cgvg ep`ler-sg oe ieolpudeëê` cg `nfgjt`s. Zú p`stgrl`rigotg sg pesserå á rgprgsgoteëê` slinúdlje. @ oöigr` cgz p`cg sgr lotr`cuzlc` j`i` ` sujgss`r cg o`vg, gi ejtlvlcecgs cg j`otekgi. E sue rgprgsgoteëê` p`r edkerlsi`s her-sg-å sgkulceigotg. E eclëê` g e suntrejëê` cgvgi sgr lotr`cuzlces e pertlr ce rgs`duëê` cg pr`ndgies slipdgs. Qere edìi cg p`cgrgi jedjuder s`ies g clhgrgoëes cg oöigr`s få gstucec`s h`riedigotg, `s eduo`s cgvgi teinìi rgs`dvgr pr`ndgies qug gov`dvei e eclëê` g suntrejëê` cg oöigr`s qug eloce oê` sengi rgprgsgoter p`r gsjrlt`. Ì lip`rteotg qug `s eduo`s sg menltugi e jedjuder igotedigotg s`ies g clhgrgoëes gi jes`s slipdgs. E j`ostruëê` c` edk`rlti` herher-sg-å sg-å tgoc` p`r nesg e utldlzeëê` cg ietgrled j`ojrgt`. Es sltueë÷gs e pr`pór, pr`pór, gov`dvgoc` ui rejl`jéol` iudtlpdljetlv`, cgvgi sgr rgs`dvlces j`i rgjurs` e` jådjud` cg s`ies cg perjgdes lkuels.

Evedleëê` E evedleëê` j`i` pertg lotgkreotg c` pr`jgss` cg goslo`-eprgoclzekgi, tgi j`i` huoëê` prlojlped eoedlser ` trenedm` cgsgov`dvlc` pgd` pr`hgss`r g pgd` eduo` cureotg es ejtlvlcecgs gsj`dergs. Essli, e evedleëê` cgvg essuilr ui jeråjtgr gilogotgigotg h`rietlv`, hev`rgjgoc` e pr`krgssê` pgss`ed g cg eut`-evedleëê` c` eduo`, hejldlteoc` e` pr`hgss`r, e eoådlsg ce sue pråtlje pgcekúklje. Lst` qugr clzgr qug, gi rlk`r`s` ej`rc` j`i ` goslo` cgsgov`dvlc`, e evedleëê` gi Ietgiåtlje cgvg cer loh`rieë÷gs s`nrg6 ? E jepejlcecg pere epdljer j`omgjligot`s oe rgs`duëê` cg pr`ndgies c` qu`tlcleo`, cg Ietgiåtlje g cg `utres clsjlpdloes2 ? E jepejlcecg pere utldlzer e dlokuekgi ietgiåtlje g j`iuoljer lcgles2 ? E jepejlcecg pere rejl`jloer g eoedlser2 ? @ j`omgjligot` g j`iprggosê` cg j`ojglt`s g iìt`c`s2 ? E etltucg gi rgdeëê` á Ietgiåtlje, gi pertljuder j`ohleoëe gi epdljå-de2 ? E pgrsgvgreoëe g ` julcec` p`st`s oe rgedlzeëê` ces terghes, e j``pgreëê` o` trenedm` cg krup`.

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? Qr`kreie cg Gcujeëê`  Ieoued g Qdåstlje

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

Lotr`cuëê` E Gcujeëê` Ieoued g Qdåstlje ì uie clsjlpdloe qug, ted j`i` ` rgst` ces clsjlpdloes qug hezgi pertg c` jurréjud`, vlse j`otrlnulr pere e h`rieëê` meri`ol`se g iudtlhejgtece ce pgrs`oedlcecg c` loclvécu`. qug gspgjéhlj`0 ieoglre e Gcujeëê` Qdåstlje p`cg j`otrlnulr pere e gcujeëê` ce pgrs`oedlcecg0 Uued ` sguCgpepgd Eotgs cg rgsp`ocgr e gstes pgrkuotes, ogjgssltei`s cg rgj`rcer qug ` sgr muieo` qug cgsgfei`s h`rier tgi e ogjgsslcecg cg cgsgov`dvgr ui j`ofuot` cg jepejlcecgs g menldlcecgs, cgscg ` oesjligot` etì á ieturlcecg, jufes jepejlcecgs sê` pr`jgsseces pgd` o`ss` jìrgnr`. J`otuc`, sujgcg qug e gstruture c` o`ss` jìrgnr` rgsp`osåvgd pgdes jepejlcecgs g menldlcecgs gcujåvgls pgde gsj`de, j`omgjlce j`i` júrtgx, sg goj`otre clvlclce gi c`ls dec`s `u mgilshìrl`s g jece ui cgstgs mgilshìrl`s ì rgsp`osåvgd p`r jepejlcecgs clhgrgotgs. Gi séotgsg, sg ` mgilshìrl` prlojlped c` o`ss` jìrgnr` ì rgsp`osåvgd p`r jepejlcecgs tels j`i` e séotgsg, ` pgoseigot` dúklj` g ietgiåtlj`, e rgjgpëê` g gilssê` ce dlokuekgi, e cligosê` c` tgip`, gtj., ` mgilshìrl` sgjuocårl` ì rgsp`osåvgd p`r jepejlcecgs g menldlcecgs tels j`i` e séotgsg, ` sgotlc` pljtúrlj` g iusljed, ` pgoseigot` vlsued `u p`r liekgos, ` sgotlc` j`ohlkuretlv` (m`déstlj`, ce t`tedlcecg), e j`ojgpëê` kg`iìtrlje g kd`ned, es etltucgs jrletlves g e cligosê` g j`ojgpëê` c` gspeë`. J`i gste gxpdljeëê` ì dúklj` cgcuzlr qug es clsjlpdloes ertéstljes oe gsj`de tæi p`r `nfgjtlv` cgsgov`dvgr jepejlcecgs qug sê` ce rgsp`osenldlcecg c` mgilshìrl` sgjuocårl` c` o`ss` jìrgnr`, e` pess` qug clsjlpdloes j`i` e Ietgiåtlje g e Déokue Q`rtukugse tæi p`r hloedlcecg cgsgov`dvgr jepejlcecgs qug sê` ce rgsp`osenldlcecg c` o`ss` mgilshìrl` prlojlped. Q`rteot`, es clsjlpdloes ertéstljes cgvgi user iìt`c`s g igl`s t`tedigotg clhgrgotgs, teot` gi j`ojgpëê` j`i` gi `nfgjtlv`s, c`s rgkuderigotg utldlzec`s pgde Déokue g pgde Ietgiåtlje. @ cgsgov`dvligot` cg jepejlcecgs cg ein`s `s mgilshìrl`s ì treosjgocgoted e` loclvécu`, få qug `s igsi`s huojl`oei gi sliudtîog`, ies j`i e pgjudlerlcecg cg qug ` jìrgnr` huojl`oe e` oévgd c` mgilshìrl` qug gstlvgr igo`s cgsgov`dvlc`, ` qug slkolhlje qug, jes` ` loclvécu` oê` sgfe gcujec` pere cgsgov`dvgr es jepejlcecgs cg ein`s, `u sgfe, jes` rgjgne uie gcujeëê` uoldetgred, ted j`i` jdesslhlje e WOGZJ@, ` igsi` p`cgrå tgr clhljudcecgs o` pr`jgss` cg ecepteëê` oe s`jlgcecg. Cureotg iult`s eo`s e gsj`de gi Eok`de cgsgov`dvgu ui jurréjud` sgi es clsjlpdloes ertéstljes, pretljeoc` uie gcujeëê` uoldetgred, c` p`ot` cg vlste ces jepejlcecgs mgilshìrljes g, gi iult`s jes`s, e` gosloer es ertgs pdåstljes, hezle-` epgoes oe sue j`ip`ogotg ietgiåtlje. Gssgs espgjt`s, rgj`omgjlc`s pgd`s eut`rgs cgstg pr`kreie, j`ostltuérei e nesg ces rgh`riudeë÷gs qug s`hrgrei `s ejtuels pr`kreies g ieouels j`rrgsp`ocgotgs á clsjlpdloe cg Gcujeëê` Ieoued g cg Gcujeëê`  Xlsued  Xlsu ed g Qdå Qdåstlj stlje. e.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

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Lotr`cuëê` ce Clsjlpdloe o` Oévgd g oe Jdessg E Gcujeëê` Xlsued g Qdåstlje ì lip`rteotg oe tgrjglre jdessg essli j`i` o` prliglr` oévgd gi kgred, cgvlc` ás pertljuderlcecgs pslj`dúkljes c` sgr muieo` o`s prliglr`s eo`s cg vlce. Es jìdudes jgrgnrels gojerrgkugs c` pr`jgsseigot` cg loh`rieëê` g pgd` cgsgov`dvligot` ce lotgdlkæojle sê` `s ogurúol`s. Gstes jìdudes tæi e jerejtgréstlje cg sg cgsgov`dvgr g cg sg ecepter cg ej`rc` j`i ` tlp` cg prgpereëê` sg cå loclvécu` `s prliglr`s sue quedlcecg, essliqug j`i` cese`sues uol÷gscgscg jmeieces sloepsgs.eo`s cg vlce, ` qug vel cgtgriloer e Sgoc` gi j`ote qug gstes jìdudes sê` epgoes i`dcåvgls o`s prliglr`s eo`s cg vlce c` loclvécu`, etì á ec`dgsjæojle, ì lip`rteotg qug e jrleoëe sgfe gcujece cgscg `s prliglr`s eo`s j`i uie pgrspgjtlve iudtlhejgtece, p`rqug sgrle iult` clhéjld j`igëer edkuos j`otgöc`s oe ec`dgsjæojle. Oe tgrjglre jdessg, e Gcujeëê` Ieoued g Qdåstlje vel j`otlouer e cgsgov`dvgr ` eduo` ogste o`ve h`rie cg j`iuoljeëê`, gi qug ` krehlsi` ì iult` clhgrgotg ce gsjrlte, oê` sú pgde h`rie ies teinìi pgde sue j`ojgpëê` g hloedlcecg. E eprgoclzekgi cg uie o`ve h`rie cg j`iuoljeëê`, qugr sgfe kråhlje `u vgrned, qug j`igë`u o` qulot` eo` cg vlce, j`omgjlc` j`i` nlhurjeëê`, dgve ` loclvécu` e j`os`dlcer g lojduslvg e rgh`rëer e h`rie etì gotê` j`omgjlce, få qug igsi` cg ieoglre loj`osjlgotg gdg vel o`ter es sues clhgrgoëes g gspgjlhljlcecgs g qug ` t`roerå iels vgrsåtld, jerejtgréstlje iult` lip`rteotg oe pgrs`oedlcecg cg quedqugr loclvécu`. @ pr`hgss`r ogstgs prliglr`s eo`s cg gsj`derlcecg cgvgrå tgr iult` tejt` g sgotlc` cg `nsgrveëê` j`i ` `nfgjtlv` etgocgrvgi jece e pertlr cesj`iuolcecg, sues clhgrgoëes loclvlcuels. Ì ogjgssårl` j`iprggocgr qug cg ` igolo` c` eduo` der losgrlc` ouie qug gre etì e` i`igot` t`c` ` sgu petrliúol` liekìtlj`. Q`rteot`, ` trenedm` j`i es jrleoëes cgvg j`iprggocgr iìt`c`s g ejtlvlcecgs qug cgvgi pesser pgd` gstengdgjligot` ce sue z`oe cg cgsgov`dvligot` prúxli`, `u j`i` teinìi ì jmeiec`, ` sgu jeip` cg rghgræojle. Sgoc` jmgkec` e gssg gstec`, gotê` sgrå iult` iels hduéce e gcujeëê` g e j`iuoljeëê` clhgrgojlece j`i jece eduo`. Cgvg gster etgot` teinìi ás jerejtgréstljes c` igl`, pere qug p`sse epr`vglter es sues p`tgojledlcecgs gi huoëê` ce gcujeëê`. Ì ogjgssårl` sengr qug e gcujeëê` ì uie ces gshgres lip`rteotgs oe vlce cg ui sufglt` g qug jece loclvécu` p`tgojledigotg tgi cgotr` cgdg ui jrlec`r t`tedigotg clhgrgojlec` c` rgst` c` krup`. E o`sse clsjlpdloe oê` tgi p`r `nfgjtlv` h`rier ertlstes, ies sli prgperer g cgsgov`dvgr es jepejlcecgs p`tgojlels qug p`r gssæojle g hld`kæogsg t`c` ` sgr muieo` tgi lipdéjltes, gin`re `ot`kgogtljeigotg clhgrgotgs, g qug sú p`cgi sgr cgsgov`dvlces etrevìs ce Gcujeëê` Qdåstlje.

?3 | @ Sreteigot` ce Årge Etrevìs ce J`r. ? Gstucer ` j`otrestg ces j`rgs o` pepgd, etrevìs cg gxgrjéjl`s

slipdgs2 ? @nsgrver ` ghglt` ce ilsture cg j`rgs clrgjteigotg o` pepgd2 ? J`ip`r, useoc` es hlkures kg`iìtrljes prgvleigotg gden`reces gi gxgrjéjl`s eotgrl`rgs2 @nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s

? O`ter j`i` ui trenedm` eotgrl`r p`cg sgr rgjrlec`, `u sgfe, igdm`rec`, få j`i uie o`ve vlsê` c` sgu jrlec`r `u o`veigotg t`iec` j`i` nesg pere uie `utre j`ip`slëê`2 ? @nsgrver g eoedlser ` ghglt` ce liprgssê` cg vårl`s `nfgjt`s rgels j`i ` `nfgjtlv` cg cgsj`nrlr e sue gstruture dloger2 ? Ilsturer j`rgs clrgjteigotg o` `nfgjt`, pere `nsgrver ` ghglt`, j`i e hloedlcecg cg epr`huocer ` rgsudtec` clrgjt` o` pepgd. ? E gxprgssê` c` p`ot` etrevìs ce j`r2 ? E egr`krehle2 ? @ plj`tec` g rgj`rtg cg hlkures liprgsses2 ? E clspgrsê` cg kuejmg `u ekuergde clduéce gi åkue, etrevìs cg uie gsj`ve, s`nrg ui huoc` nreoj`, tgoc` j`ngrte uie z`oe c` pepgd j`i uie ces hlkures rgj`rteces2 ? E s`nrgp`slëê` cg vårl`s `nfgjt`s utldlzeoc` vårles j`rgs, uie cg jece vgz2

J`otgöc`s

? E lotgrprgteëê` c`s ghglt`s rgsudteotgs2 ? Qertlr ce clspgrsê` cg vårles j`rgs gi pgqugo`s p`ot`s2 ? E ploture gi huoëê` ces h`ries nlcligosl`oels2 ? @ gstuc` ces tìjoljes cg liprgssê` `u jerlinekgi2 ? Liprgssê` cg h`ries utldlzeoc` `nfgjt`s rgels, hrut`s, teipes, cgc`s, gtj.2. ? J`ip`slëê` cg uie `nre j`i lotgoë÷gs j`iuoljetlves e pertlr cg ui hgoúigo` eprggoclc`.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

? Wtldlzg es hlkures rgj`rteces o` tgie eotgrl`r. eotgrl`r. ? @rlgotg ui cle eotgs, pere qug `s igolo`s trekei cg jese gsj`ves cg cgotgs vgdmes, cg i`c` e qug gstes sgfei useces pere espgrsê` cg tlote (kuejmg `u ekuergde, `u quedqugr `utr` plkigot` qug

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes

p`sse sgr clduéc` gi åkue). ? J`igjg, gxgipdlhljeoc` j`i uie hlkure, pere essli `s eduo`s o`tergi ` giprgk` ce gsj`ve. Qgkug ouie, `u gi vårles hlkures, j`d`qug-es s`nrg uie h`dme nreoje cg pepgd g j`i e gsj`ve i`dmece gi tlote, r`jg `s pæd`s ce gsj`ve j`i ui dåpls `u ui peuzlom`, pere qug e tlote sedplqug o` pepgd gi pgqugo`s p`otlom`s, cglxeoc` e z`oe j`ngrte j`i e hlkure gi nreoj`. ? @rlgotg `s eduo`s pere qug trekei h`dmes, hrutes, dgkuigs, gtj. Suc` queot` slrve cg jerlin`, pere qug sgfe usec` oe sede cg eude. Gxpgrligotg prliglr` g gxpdlqug ` `nfgjtlv` c` gxgrjéjl`. ? Cgp`ls `rlgotg `s eduo`s pere qug ` heëei j`i ui g cgp`ls j`i vårl`s `nfgjt`s, useoc` j`rgs clhgrgotgs pere vgrgi e uolê` cgstgs. Qgëe pere qug pgosgi oui tgie g heëei e j`ip`slëê`

gi huoëê` ce igosekgi, useoc` e igsie tìjolje.

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4

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Qdeolhljeëê` cg ui Zuntgie Sgie : | Cgj`ip`slëê` cg h`ries trlcligosl`oels e pertlr cg hlkures trlcligosl`oels slipdgs.

? Lotr`cuzlr ` eduo` o` ieousgl` g treteigot` cg `nfgjt`s j`i træs cligos÷gs2 ? J`ostltulr ui véojud` gotrg e ploture qug ì t`tedigotg pdeoe g e gsjudture qug ì v`duiìtrlje2 ? Lr Lr-sg -sg ecgstreoc` oe jrleëê` j rleëê` cg `nfgjt`s v`dui`s`s2 @nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s

? J`iprggocgr e gssæojle cg uie j`ip`slëê` j`ipdgxe, j`i` e  fuoëê`  fuo ëê` cg hlku h lkures res rgde rgdejl` jl`oece oecess pgd` pg d` tgie t gie g pgde pg de h`rie h `rie22 ? J`igëer e gotgocgr e liekloeëê`, oê` sú j`i` e epgdeëê` cg liekgos igi`rlzeces, ies teinìi j`i` e j`inloeëê` cg liekgos rgels utldlzeces o` qu`tlcleo`2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr ` sgotlc` jrétlj` g eut`-jrétlj`2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e `nsgrveëê` g e eoådlsg vlsued2 ? Igdm`rer ` v`jenudårl` ce dlokuekgi vlsued. ? I`cgdekgi. @ rgdgv` gi nerr` `u pdestljloe2 ? @ gstuc` prgdliloer ce tìjolje nl g trlcligosl`oed2

s gpereces2 ? I`cgdekgi gi rgdgv` cg h`ries sgpereces2 J`otgöc`s

? J`ip`slëê` cg uie `nre, j`inloeoc` vårles hlkures e pertlr cg ui `nfgjt` rged2 ? Jrleëê` cg uie `nre j`i lotgoë÷gs j`iuoljetlves, pertloc` ce liekloeëê`2 ? Evedleëê` g jrétlje ces `nres pgd`s prúprl`s eduo`s.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

? J`igjg p`r hezgr j`i qug `s eduo`s rgj`omgëei es clhgrgoëes gotrg `nfgjt`s gi cues g gi træs cligos÷gs2 ? @rlgotg `s eduo`s pere qug gstgs gxpgrligotgi j`i es prúprles iê`s es træs cligos÷gs g gotê` jrlgi, gdgs igsi`s, `nfgjt`s gi

træs cligos÷gs j`i nerr` `u pdestljloe2 ? Gxpdlqug es ieoglres clstlotes cg i`cgder j`i nerr` g pdestljloe, qugr sgfe j`i ` iìt`c` cg erk`des `u iejlë`2 Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes

? Q`cg loljler, loljler, j`oteoc` mlstúrles `u pgcloc` qug `s prúprl`s eduo`s es j`otgi, pgcloc` qug jece ui gsj`dme ui `nfgjt` ce mlstúrle g jrlg uie liekgi s`nrg ` igsi`2 ? Seinìi p`cg pgclr qug `nsgrvgi vårl`s `nfgjt`s `u pelsekgos g cgp`ls j`inlogi es h`ries ogdgs j`otlces, ies sgi qug sg essgigdmg epgoes e ui cgdgs2 ? Gstliudg ` cgnetg g ` us` cg pedevres c` v`jenudårl` ertéstlj`2 ? Lojltg e eut`-evedleëê` j`i` h`rie cg sengr ` qug pgose jece

eduo` s`nrg sl igsi`.

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     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Qdeolhljeëê` cg ui Zuntgie Sgie 3 | Cgj`ip`slëê` cg h`ries trlcligosl`oels e pertlr cg hlkures trlcligosl`oels slipdgs.

? Eoedlser e sgigdmeoëe gotrg es h`ries trlcligosl`oels `s ietgrlels rgjljdec`s.gxlstgotg Jrler `nres trlcligosl`oels g j`iuoljetlvesg useoc` ietgrlels rgjljdec`s2 ? @nsgrver g eoedlser es jerejtgréstljes g p`sslnldlcecgs cg jece ietgrled rgjljdec` pere j`iuoljer j`i jgrte ghgjtlvlcecg uie igosekgi2 @nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s

? Eprgocgr e slotgtlzer es h`ries gi huoëê` c`s ietgrlels oui cec` gspeë`2 ? Eprgocgr e slotgtlzer ` gspeë` e pertlr cg uie cgtgriloece igosekgi2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr ` sgotlc` jrétlj` g eut`-jrétlj`2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e `nsgrveëê` g e eoådlsg vlsued2 ? Igdm`rer ` v`jenudårl` ce dlokuekgi vlsued. ? Lotgrprgteëê` cg h`ries trlcligosl`oels, useoc` ietgrlels rgjljdec`s2 ? ^gjljdekgi cg `nfgjt`s jldéocrlj`s, gshìrlj`s, rgjteokudergs g quecreokudergs j`i hlos gxprgsslv`s2

J`otgöc`s

gdéptlj`s,

? Gstuc` ces jerejtgréstljes ce tìjolje2 ? @rkeolzeëê` c` gspeë` gi huoëê` ces p`sslnldlcecgs gxprgsslves qug `hgrgjgi. @s ietgrlels rgjljdec`s2 ? @rkeolzeëê` c`s gspeë` pljtúrlj` gi huoëê` ces lotgoë÷gs j`iuoljetlves2 ? Evedleëê` g jrétlje ces `nres pgd`s prúprl`s eduo`s.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

? J`igjg prliglr` hedeoc` c` einlgotg g ce lip`rtîojle ce mlklgog g dlipgze2 ? Hedg ce rgjljdekgi j`i` uie ejtlvlcecg cg kreocg lip`rtîojle pere ` einlgotg c` sgr muieo`, pgcloc` e`s eduo`s qug pr`jurgi

 vårl `s `nf  vårl`s `nfgjt` gjt`ss gi træs clig cligos÷ os÷gs2 gs2 ? Cgp`ls gxpdlqug qug jece `nfgjt` tgi jgrtes sgigdmeoëes j`i `utr`s `nfgjt`s `u utgosédl`s qug usei`s o` cle-e-cle g qug, p`r gste rezê`, p`cgi sgr usec`s pere rgprgsgotå-d`s2 Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes

? Cgtgrilog ` teieom` g ` gspeë` qug vel sgr usec` pere jrler e `nre, pere qug `s eduo`s heëei ui pgqugo` gsh`rë` gi slotgtlzer slotgtlzer,, `u sgfe, rgsuilr ` iéoli` p`ssévgd pere jrler uie `nre2 ? @ `nfgjtlv` oê` ì rgstrloklr e jepejlcecg jrletlve. Heëe ` igsi` j`i e igosekgi2 ? Gstliudg ` clåd`k` s`nrg `s `nfgjtlv`s ce rgjljdekgi, essli j`i` c`s trenedm`s2 ? hedte Sretg cg cg mlklgog cgspgrter e sgoslnldlcecg c` eduo` j`i`gie g `s månlt`s qug tgi`s gis`nrg cgltertgies `nfgjt`s dukergs liprúprl`s, g lojduslvg `nfgjt`s qug p`cgi sgrvlr pere jrler `nres j`i` es qug ejenerei cg gden`rer gden`rer..

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4

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Qr`p`ste cg Evedleëê` E evedleëê` gi Gcujeëê` Ieoued g Qdåstlje cgvg pertlr cg træs prgssup`st`s6 ces jerejtgréstljes c` pr`kreie, ce ejtlvlcecg c` pr`hgss`r g, p`r ödtli`, c` rgsudtec` ce eprgoclzekgi. Q`rteot`, ì cgcuzloc` `s c`ls prliglr`s prgssup`st`s qug ì p`ssévgd cgtgriloer ` oévgd cg gxlkæojle qug ` pr`hgss`r vel tgr j`i rgspglt` e` rgsudtec` ce eprgoclzekgi. E evedleëê` oe clsjlpdloe cgvg sgr ` iels quedltetlve p`ssévgd, gvlteoc`-sg qug sgfe queotltetlve, få qug e gcujeëê` tgi p`r `nfgjtlv` e gcujeëê` cg jgrtes quedlcecgs c` loclvécu`. Ì ogjgssårl` teinìi cer teote lip`rtîojle e` pr`jgss` jrletlv` j`i` e` pr`cut`, p`rqug sú essli ` pr`hgss`r p`cgrå tgr e lcgle cg j`i` hezgr uie evedleëê` `nfgjtlve, pertloc` ces pgjudlerlcecgs prúprles cg jece eduo`. Ì iult` lip`rteotg tgr gi j`ote, j `ote, pere e evedleëê`, oê` gxejteigotg ` oévgd qug ` eduo` tgi o` loéjl` c` eo` dgjtlv`, ies prgjlseigotg e sue trefgjtúrle g, iels gxejteigotg, ` sgu cgsgov`dvligot` o` hli c` eo`. Q`rteot`, ui eduo` qug j`igëe j`i ui p`tgojled iult` edt`, ies qug oê` gv`dul teot` queot` equgdg qug tlome ui p`tgojled iels nelx` p`cg tgr uie evedleëê` iels nelxe, jes` ` sgkuoc` eprgsgotg ui cgsgov`dvligot` iel`r c` qug ` prliglr`. eut`-evedleëê` g e trenedm`s. mgtgr`evedleëê`, cg i`c` e qug gdgs igsi`s sgfei sgiprg `s Lojgotlvg prliglr`ssgiprg jrétlj`sec`s sgus prúprl`s

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? Qr`kreie cg Gcujeëê` Héslje

 

     4 Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`| Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG

Lotr`cuëê` E Gcujeëê` Héslje jgotre-sg g cgsgov`dvg-sg gi gstrglte vlojudeëê` j`i es ogjgsslcecgs rgels ce Z`jlgcecg, j`i e sue ejtlvlcecg g sue pr`cuëê`. Gde pr`p`rjl`oe e` M`igi ui cgsgov`dvligot` iudtlhejgtec`. goslo` ce quedlcecgs Gcujeëê` Héslje Goslo` Qrliårl` tgi uimenldlcecgs pepgd lip`rteotg ces@ clhgrgotgs hésljes,o`essli j`i` ces clvgrses i`t`reso` c`scgsgov`dvligot` gcujeoc`s. Etrevìs ce pråtlje slstgiåtlje ce ejtlvlcecg héslje, ` eduo` etlokg ui gstec` úptli` qug ` t`roe jepez cg epdljer ` sgu tedgot` g p`tgojledlcecgs oe ilssê` cg treosh`rier e Oeturgze. E Gcujeëê` Héslje ì uie clsjlpdloe jurrljuder qug, pgcek`kljeigotg ngi `rlgotece, j`otrlnul pere ` cgsgov`dvligot` lotgkred c` M`igi. E ejtlvlcecg héslje o` Goslo` Qrliårl` cgvg pgriltlr rgdeë÷gs j`i `utres ietìrles cg goslo` g `s j`omgjligot`s cgvgi sgr rghdgx`s ligclet`s ces reilhljeë÷gs dúkljes gotrg es clvgrses eprgoclzekgos, cg i`c` e p`cgr j``rcgoå-des.

Cgstrlnulëê` c`s Sgies p`r Srligstrg Srligstrgs

Sgies

5.¶ Srligstrg

K l oå s t l j e

>.¶ Srligstrg

Etdg tlsi `

:.¶ Srligstrg

F ` k` s

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels ce Gcujeëê` Héslje oe :.ª Jdessg ? J`omgjgr ` ved`r slstgiåtlj` c` gxgrjéjl` héslj` j`i` hejt`r cg seöcg2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e j``rcgoeëê` ogur`-i`t`re g e gspåjl`-tgip`red2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr es jepejlcecgs hésljes lotgdgjtuels g s`jlels ce jrleoëe (gspérlt` j`dgjtlv`, j`rekgi, `rcgi)2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr ` sgotlc` cg eut`o`ile, eut`-j`otr`d` g ` cgsgf` cg supgreëê` ce rgsp`osenldlcecg loclvlcued2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr ` gspérlt` cgsp`rtlv` cureotg e gxgjuëê` ces ejtlvlcecgs hésljes2 ? I`tlver e jrleoëe pere e pråtlje cgsp`rtlve etrevìs cg pgqugoes j`ipgtlë÷gs.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

J`otgöc`s Qr`kreiåtlj`s Sgie 5 - Kloåstlje

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels c` Sgie ? Cgsgov`dvgr es quedlcecgs hésljes2 ? J`omgjgr es jepejlcecgs i`t`res nåsljes2 ? Qr`i`vgr e h`rieëê` cg månlt`s g etltucgs kloåstljes2 ? Cgspgrter e liekloeëê`, e jrletlvlcecg g ` rlti` c` i`vligot`2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr ` gspérlt` cgsp`rtlv`, eprgocgoc` ` rgspglt` pgdes rgkres, pgd`s ecvgrsårl`s g e duter pgde vltúrle.

Zuntgies ce Kloåstlje ? Qrgpereëê` héslje cg nesg2 ? @rkeolzeëê` g j`otr`d`2 ? H`rieë÷gs g edlomeigot`s2 ? Cgsgov`dvligot` ce h`rëe g rgslstæojle2 ? Cgsgov`dvligot` ce hdgxlnldlcecg g ekldlcecg2 ? Ieolpudeëê` cg n`des.

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     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s c`s Zuntgies ? Eprgocgr menldlcecgs gspgjéhljes ce kloåstlje2 ? Qr`i`vgr ` cgsgov`dvligot` ces jepejlcecgs hésljes g j``rcgoetlves2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr es quedlcecgs v`dltlves, `rcgi g clsjlpdloe2 ? Epgrhglë`er es jepejlcecgs hésljes etrevìs c` i`vligot`2 ? H`rtedgjgr e seöcg héslj`-j`rp`red g igoted ces jrleoëes2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr, etrevìs c`s f`k`s cgsp`rtlv`s, e ìtlje cgsp`rtlve g ` gspérlt` cg j``pgreëê` j`i `s j`ipeomglr`s2 ? ^gspglter es rgkres g `s j`dgkes.

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes Qere ` goslo` ce Gcujeëê` Héslje, oe :.ª Jdessg, ` gcujec`r cgvg trenedmer j`i iel`r pr`huoclcecg oes ejtlvlcecgs cg h`rieë÷gs g edlomeigot`s, essli j`i` lojlclr o`s gxgrjéjl`s cg `rkeolzeëê` g j`otr`d`. @s gxgrjéjl`s cgvgi tgr ui rlti` uolh`rilzec`, cg i`c` e qug `s eduo`s p`ssei gxgjutå-d`s. Oes eudes cg kloåstlje cgvgi `nsgrver-sg es igclces cg sgkureoëe pere gvlter dgs÷gs. Wie n`e clsjlpdloe g efuce iötue dliltei `s ejlcgotgs. @ pr`hgss`r cgvg t`ier edkuies igclces pere gvlter ejlcgotgs, tels j`i`6 ? Lospgjjl`oer `s lostruigot`s eotgs cg sgrgi utldlzec`s2 ? Vgder pgde mlklgog c` tgrrgo`2 ? Xgrlhljer `s epergdm`s eotgs cg sgrgi utldlzec`s2 ? Cgvg tgr ui c`iéol` vlsued c`s eduo`s cureotg e eude. @s eduo`s cgvgi gvlter ` us` cg fúles, eoìls, gtj.

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Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

Sgie > - Etdgtlsi`

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels c` Sgie ? Qr`p`rjl`oer uie eprgoclzekgi i`t`re clvgrslhljece2 ? Epgrhglë`er es quedlcecgs hésljes2 ? Loljler eprgoclzekgos tìjolj`-cgsp`rtlves cureotg e gxgjuëê` ces ejtlvlcecgs hésljes rgdejl`oeces j`i ` Etdgtlsi`2 ? J`omgjgr ` ved`r ce pråtlje slstgiåtlje c` gxgrjéjl` héslj`, lcgotlhljeoc`-` j`i` hejt`r cg seöcg.

Zuntgies c` Etdgtlsi`6 ? J`rrlce cg vgd`jlcecg2 ? J`rrlce cg rgslstæojle2 ? Zedt` gi j`iprligot`2 ? Zedt` gi edture2 ? Gstehgtes2 ? Deoëeigot`s.

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s c`s Zuntgies ? Epgrhglë`er `s huoceigot`s tìjolj`s oes j`rrlces, o`s sedt`s g o`s deoëeigot`s2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr menldlcecgs i`t`res gspgjéhljes c` etdgtlsi`2 ? Gxgjuter edkuies tìjoljes ce j`rrlce cg vgd`jlcecg g cg rgslstæojle2 ? ^gj`omgjgr edkuies rgkres c` Etdgtlsi`2 ? Duter pgde vltúrle, rgspglteoc` es rgkres g `s j`dgkes.

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes @ pr`hgss`r e` cgsgov`dvgr e sue ejtlvlcecg, cgvg jrler ui einlgotg cg trenedm` ekrecåvgd g gstliudeotg. Oe j`rrlce cg vgd`jlcecg cgvgi pr`kreier-sg vårles ejtlvlcecgs clrlklces huoceigotedigotg pere e j`osgjuëê` c`s hejt`rgs ce replcgz qug lo﬎ugi p`sltlveigotg oe rgejëê` g hrgquæojle c`s pess`s. @s trenedm`s cgvgi sgr cg uie cureëê` jurte, lotr`cuzloc` gotrg gdgs pgré`c`s cg cgsjeos` ejtlv` qug pr`pljlgi e rgjupgreëê` c` `rkeolsi` ce jrleoëe, edtgrec` pgd` trenedm` rgedlzec`. Cureotg es j`rrlces cg clstîojles jurtes cgvg clzgr-sg e`s eduo`s qug ieotgomei ` `dmer clrlklc` pere e hrgotg g qug oê` sg ep`lgi o`s jedjeomergs. E j`rrlce j `rrlce cgvg rgedlzer-sg rgedlzer-sg oe p`ote c`s pìs j`i gdgveëê` c`s f`gdm`s.

?8:4

4

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

Sgie : - F`k`s

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels c` Sgie ? Cgsgov`dvgr es jepejlcecgs hésljes j``rcgoetlves g v`dltlves2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr ` sgotlc` cg clsjlpdloe, pgrsgvgreoëe, jeierecekgi g o`ëê` cg j`ofuot`2 ? J`rrlklr etltucgs cghgltu`ses `nsgrvåvgls o`s eduo`s. Zuntgies6 ? F`k`s cgsp`rtlv`s2 ? F`k`s trecljl`oels2 ? F`k`s sgos`rlels.

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s c`s Zuntgies ? Cgsgov`dvgr e liekloeëê` g e jrletlvlcecg c` eduo`2 ? Jrler o` eduo` e o`ëê` cg krup`2 ? ^gj`omgjgr edkuies rgkres prì-cgsp`rtlves slipdgs c`s f`k`s.

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes @ f`k`s oe :.ª Jdessg sê` gojeilomec`s pere ` cgsgov`dvligot` héslj` ce jrleoëe g p`cgi sgr utldlzec`s j`i` ejtlvlcecg locgpgocgotg `u j`i` h`ries cg ejtlvlcecgs pr`kreieces. @ pr`hgss`r cgvg pr`jurer gosloer `s f`k`s cg gstehgtes j`i g sgi n`des. @s igl`s cg goslo` e utldlzer cgvgi j`iprggocgr `s clvgrs`s gxgrjéjl`s qug sg gxgjutei cureotg uie cgtgriloece eude. E gxpdljeëê` c`s f`k`s cgvg sgr nrgvg g jdere pere qug `s eduo`s sg slotei i`tlvec`s cureotg es eudes. J`i e efuce c`s f`k`s, ` eduo` c`iloe es ejë÷gs i`t`res ogjgssårles. @s f`k`s cgvgi sgr rgedlzeces gotrg 8 e 57 ilout`s. Ghgjtuei-sg j`i t`c` ` krup` `u j`i krup`s pgqugo`s cg eduo`s, ies ì lip`rteotg qug t`c`s pertljlpgi. Ogstes jdessgs rgj`igocei-sg f`k`s j`i lilteë÷gs slipdgs g ejgssévgls, jufes pgrs`oekgos sgfei ngi j`omgjlces pgd`s eduo`s.

?834

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

Evedleëê` @ goslo` ì ui pr`jgss` juf` `nfgjtlv` gssgojled j`oslstg gi hejldlter iuceoëes c` j`ip`rteigot`, j`ostltuloc` gstes `nfgjtlv`s gcujejl`oels. E evedleëê` j`oslstg gi cgtgriloer gi qug igclce jece ui c`s `nfgjtlv`s h`l etloklc`, j`ipereoc`-`s j`i `s rgsudtec`s. Qere p`cgr `rkeolzer ui pdeo` cg evedleëê` ì ogjgssårl`6 ? Zengr gxejteigotg ` qug sg vel evedler2 ? Cgtgriloer Cgtgriloer,, cg uie h`rie jdere, `s `nfgjtlv`s qug sg prgtgocgi etloklr (cgsjrgvgoc` `s `nfgjtlv`s j`ip`rteigotels g t`roeoc`-`s `nsgrvåvgls, p`ls gste ì uie ieoglre cg sg p`cgr evedlå-d`s ghljezigotg)2 ? Cgtgriloer `s perîigtr`s cg evedleëê`, årges gi qug sg vel `nsgrver `s j`ip`rteigot`s locljec`rgs2 ? Cghlolr `s pr`jgss`s cg evedleëê`2 ? Zgdgjjl`oer `s lostruigot`s cg evedleëê`2 ? Gstengdgjgr `s jrltìrl`s cg jdesslhljeëê`.

5 - Evedler ` quæ0 ? @ oévgd ce j`oclëê` héslje, `nsgrvec` o`s eduo`s o` loéjl` ce rgedlzeëê` ces ejtlvlcecgs2 ? Es edtgreë÷gs c` rgocligot` héslj` `nsgrveces epús ui cec` oöigr` cg sgss÷gs cg ejtlvlcecgs hésljes2 ? E eptlcê` g ` rgocligot` rgdetlveigotg e`s j`omgjligot`s g menldlcecgs eprgoclces2

tgúrlj es g pråtljes2 ? E pertljlpeëê` rgvgdece cureotg e rgedlzeëê` ces ejtlvlcecgs tgúrljes ? E evedleëê` c` cgsgipgom` tìjolj`2 ? E evedleëê` j`ip`rteigoted2 ? @s j`omgjligot`s nåslj`s s`nrg e tg`rle ce Gcujeëê` Héslje.

?874

4

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

> - Qerîigtr`s cg Evedleëê`

Q`rqug ` loclvécu` ì uie uolcecg lotgdgjtued, i`t`re g gi`tlve, gdg gxprgsse-sg ogsses vgrtgotgs. O` goteot`, pere hejldlter e `nsgrveëê` p`cgi`s gquejl`oer træs espgjt`s /perîigtr`s qug gstê` clrgjteigotg rgdejl`oec`s j`i `s sgus `nfgjtlv`s6 ? @ oévgd j`koltlv` - årge c` sengr (j`omgjligot`s)2 ? @ oévgd pslj`i`t`r ‚ årge c` sengr hezgr (menldlcecgs)2 ? @ oévgd s`jled - årge c` sengr sgr (etltucgs).

O` espgjt` j`koltlv` `nsgrvei-sg `s j`ip`rteigot`s locljec`rgs rghgrgotgs e`s `nfgjtlv`s cgste årge (eprgoclzekgi o` îinlt` ce loh`rieëê` tìjolje g cgsp`rtlve). O` espgjt` pslj`i`t`r `nsgrvei-sg `s j`ip`rteigot`s locljec`rgs ce eprgoclzekgi i`t`re (equlslëê` g/`u igdm`rles ces menldlcecgs i`t`res kgrels g gspgjéhljes, tgoc` gi j`oslcgreëê` ` hejt`r ce j`oclëê` héslje loclvlcued). O` espgjt` s`jled `nsgrvei-sg e h`rie, e quedlcecg g ` oévgd cg pertljlpeëê` o` trenedm`, rgdeëê` eduo` - trenedm`, rgdeëê` eduo` ‚ pr`hgss`r, pr`hgss`r, rgdeëê` eduo` ‚ igl` g rgdeëê` eduo` - lostltulëê`. : - Evedler queoc`0 ? O` loéjl` c` eo` dgjtlv` g o` loéjl` cg uie ejtlvlcecg clcåjtlje (evedleëê` clekoústlje)2 ? Cureotg ` cgsgov`dvligot` ce ejtlvlcecg (evedleëê` h`rietlve)2 ? O` hli cg uie ejtlvlcecg clcåjtlje, o` hli cg jece trligstrg g o` hli c` eo` dgjtlv` (evedleëê` suietlve).

3 - Evedleëê` c` Cgsgipgom` Sìjolj` ? Ì lip`rteotg sgdgjjl`oer es tìjoljes huoceigotels ce ejtlvlcecg e evedler2 ? Xed`rlzer e ghljåjle pråtlje ce tìjolje e evedler2 ? @ eduo` cgvg sgr `nsgrvec` oes cues tgotetlves2 ? E evedleëê` j`otéoue cgvg sgr prlvldgklece, pr lvldgklece, pgriltloc` essli uie evedleëê` j`ipdgte.

7 - Evedleëê` J`ip`rteigoted

Cgvgi sgr evedlec`s `s sgkulotgs j`ip`rteigot`s6 ? Gspérlt` cg gqulpe2 ? Qertljlpeëê`2 ? ^gspglt` pgdes rgkres g cgjls÷gs c`s årnltr`s.

?884

 

? Qr`kreie cg Gcujeëê` Iusljed

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

Lotr`cuëê` @ M`igi j`ostltul ui t`c` meri`ol`s`. Gste meri`ole cgvg sgr gstliudece d`k` cgscg e prliglre lohîojle. E gcujeëê` ce jrleoëe cgvg cgj`rrgr oui einlgotg qug dmg pr`p`rjl`og edgkrle. Wie ces årges qug p`cg j`ipdgter g setlshezgr gstg hgoúigo` ì e GCWJEËÊ@ IWZLJED. E iöslje ejtue oes gi`ë÷gs, o`s sgotligot`s, oe v`otecg, oe lotgdlkæojle, essli j`i` teinìi hev`rgjg ` sgotlc` c` j`dgjtlv`. O` cgj`rrgr ce vlce gstå prgsgotg gi ghgiìrlcgs lotgroejl`oels, oejl`oels `u heildlergs, lst` ì, gi i`igot`s cg edgkrle `u cg trlstgze, tels j`i`6 jeseigot`s, eolvgrsårl`s, únlt`s, ilsses... Gsses sltueë÷gs sê` pr`v`jeces pgd` prúprl` loclvécu`. J`i`0 S`jeoc` lostruigot`s iusljels oui j`dgjtlv` `u s`zlom`, jeoteoc` oui krup` j`red, `u eloce ceoëeoc` e` s`i cg uie iöslje. Epgser cg jgrtes pgss`es p`ssuérgi gstg c`i iusljed, e iöslje oê` cglxe cg sgr uie ertg, j`i es sues epdljeë÷gs jlgotéhljes. Ogstg prlsie, eprgocg-sg oe gsj`de. Essli surkg e terghe c` pr`hgss`r, pr`hgss`r, cg `rlgoter `s eduo`s krecued g pr`krgsslveigotg, goquecreoc`-`s ogstg c`iéol` iusljed, cg ej`rc` j`i es sues esplreë÷gs, ceoc`-dmgs dlngrcecg cg gxprgssê`, efuceoc`-`s e ecqulrlr etltucgs, månlt`s g menldlcecgs qug sg rgqugrgi oe Gcujeëê` Iusljed. Essli sgoc`, ce 5.ª á 8.ª jdessgs, es ejtlvlcecgs sgrê` pr`krgsslves g esjgocgotgs6 c` iels håjld pere ` iels clhéjld, qugr clzgr, c` slipdgs pere ` j`ipdgx`. @s j`otgöc`s sgrê` ekrupec`s gi : oévgls6 5¶ oévgd 9 5.ª g >.ª jdessgs6 >¶ oévgd 9 :.ª g 3.ª jdessgs g :¶ oévgd 9 7.ª g 8.ª jdessgs.

@nfgjtlv`s Kgrels ce Gcujeëê` Iusljed o` Goslo` Kgred ? Cgsgov`dvgr ` p`cgr cg rghdgxê`, cg `nsgrveëê`, cg igi`rlzeëê` g cg pgrjgpëê` c`s hgoúigo`s iusljels gov`dvgotgs2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr månlt`s g menldlcecgs rétiljes iusljels , e hli cg ecqulrlr es jepejlcecgs j epejlcecgs gxprgsslves ce  v`z etrevìs ce judture v`jed2 ? Gcujer ` `uvlc` iusljed2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr es etltucgs g es menldlcecgs iusljels etrevìs c`s i`vligot`s j`rp`rels g c`s lostruigot`s iusljels2 ? Gxprgsser jrletlvlcecg hejg ás vlvæojles iusljels, igcleotg clvgrses vles, tels j`i`6 ? @ jeot` (j`red)2 ? @ neldg/ceoëe2 ? @ cgsgom`2 ? E j`ostruëê` cg lostruigot`s slipdgs cg pgrjussê`, euclëê`. Lipr`vlseë÷gs, f`k`s, creietlzeë÷gs, gtj.2 ? J`omgjgr edkuos gdgigot`s nåslj`s ce iöslje, e hli cg pgriltlr e dglture g e gsjrlte iusljels2 ? Gstliuder e pertljlpeëê` gi j`ofuot`s j`rels `u lostruigotels2 ? Judtlver ` ei`r g ` k`st` pgd` ngd`2 ? Xed`rlzer ` petrliúol` judtured g ertéstlj` c` peés. ?8=4

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

@nfgjtlv`s Gspgjéhlj`s ? Cgsgov`dvgr e jepejlcecg cg jeoter ngi2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr es tìjoljes lostruigotels g j`rp`rels2 ? Gcujer g judtlver ` `uvlc` iusljed2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e jepejlcecg cg jrleëê`2 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e jepejlcecg cg creietlzer jgoes etrevìs c`s lostruigot`s `u sltueë÷gs vlvlces, gohetlzeoc`-es2 ? J`omgjgr `s krehlsi`s prúprl`s ce iöslje6 iöslj e6 ` pgotekreie `u peute iusljed, es jdevgs, `s ejlcgotgs, es o`tes, es hlkures.

Cgsj`nrlr `s sgus c`os oe årge ces ngdes-ertgs gi kgred g oe ce iöslje gi pertljuder6 duker, ehrljeoe gi sgkuoc` duker g c`s ? Zengr g j`omgjgr e rgedlcecg judtured eok`deoe gi prliglr` duker, `utr`s j`otlogotgs gi tgrjglr` duker2 ? Judtlver e jepejlcecg cg rgedlzer e pr`kreieëê` cg ejtlvlcecgs judturels etrevìs c` sgu

cgsgov`dvligot` iusljed2 ? Zengr ved`rlzer, ved`rlzer, rgj`omgjgr g cgsjrgvgr e pråtlje ce Gcujeëê` Iusljed2 ? J`omgjgr g ved`rlzer es rlqugzes judturels, trecljl`oels g i`cgroes c` o`ss` peés pgreotg `s `utr`s p`v`s.

Qr`krgssê` cg J`otgöc`s pere ` >¶ Oévgd 9 :.ª g 3.ª Jdessg ? Sgie 5 -  E v`z2 ? Sgie > -  @ J`rp`2 ? Sgie : -  @s Lostruigot`s2 ? Sgie 3 -  E Gxpgrligoteëê`, Cgsgov`dvligot` g Jrleëê` Iusljels2 @nfgjtlv` Kgred6 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e i`trljlcecg oe utldlzeëê` ce v`z pere pr`cuzlr clvgrs`s s`os iusljels. E v`z pere ` sgr muieo` ì ` lostruigot` prli`rcled cg j`iuoljeëê` lotgrpgss`ed. E jrleoëe cgvg gxprgsser-sg gxprgsser -sg oeturedigotg, cgvg j`iuoljer g gxprlilr `s sgus sgotligot`s. Suc` lss` oui quecr` heildler, f`kred `u gsj`der.

@re, uie igosekgi oê` sg treosiltg sú hedeoc`, ás vgzgs p`cg sgr treosiltlce jeoteoc`. G ` jeoter eprgocg-sg6 e v`z p`cg gcujer-sg. Oe gsj`de e jrleoëe jr leoëe cgvg cgsgov`dvgr ` `uvlc` iusljed. Ì, ghgjtlveigotg, pgde v`z qug sg ecqulrg ui rgpgrtúrl` cg jeoë÷gs, rlies, dgokedgokes, got`eë÷gs, tlinrg, gxtgosê` v`jed, rgpr`cuë÷gs, lovgoë÷gs cg igd`cles, gtj. Jeng gotê` e` igstrg vgojgr es clhljudcecgs ces jrleoëes ogste årge, pr`v`jeoc` ` lotgrgssg etrevìs ce sue jrletlvlcecg g c` gspérlt` cg f`k`. ?86 @ J`rp` @nfgjtlv` Kgred6 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e i`trljlcecg oe utldlzeëê` cg clhgrgotgs tìjoljes cg pr`cuëê` s`o`re, pere j``rcgoer es ejë÷gs cg kgstljudeëê` g f`k`s.

@ j`rp` j`ostltul ui t`c`. Es sues pertgs g `s sgus sgotlc`s oê` ejtuei ls`deceigotg. Huojl`oei sliudteogeigotg gi j`ofuot`. @ s`i g e iöslje pgogtrei o` j`rp` gi j`osteotg i`vligot`. E ejtueëê` iusljed j`ocuz e jrleoëe e kgstljuder, ceoëeoc` `u f`keoc`. D`k`, setlshez e sue oeturgze cg f`ker, ceoëer g eocer. Q`r lss`, ` pr`hgss`r cgvg epr`vglter gssgs igl`s pere cgsgov`dvgr e iusljedlcecg ce jrleoëe. ? I`vligoter I`vligoter-sg -sg dlvrgigotg2 @nfgjtlv`s

? Ess`jler i`vligot`s e gdgigot`s iusljels2 ? Qertljlper gi ceoëes. ? Á pertg cg s`os v`jels g lostruigotels, igd`cles g jeoë÷gs

kreveces2 ? J`inloer ` jeot` j`i pedies, t`qugs, gtj. J`otgöc`s/ Ejtlvlcecgs

? Gxprgsser Gxprgsser-sg -sg j`i i`vligot`s, kgst`s, f`k`s g gxgrjéjl`s rétilj`s2 ? Ess`jler i`vligot`s g kgst`s á pudseëê`, eoceigot`, cloîilje g e `utr`s gdgigot`s iusljels2 ? Ceoëes cg r`ce, cg hlde2 ? Ceoëes trecljl`oels, i`cgroes g loheotls.

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     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

Sgie : - Lostruigot`s @nfgjtlv` Kgred6 ? Cgsgov`dvgr e i`trljlcecg oe utldlzeëê` cg lostruigot`s iusljels slipdgs.

Wi lostruigot` iusljed ess`jlec` á v`z, sg h`r igdúclj`, efuce e j`d`jå-de. Uueoc` sg jeote sgi lostruigot`, e v`z tgi e tgocæojle pere cgsvler-sg lov`duoterleigotg, ies ess`jlece e ui lostruigot` e v`z ieotìi e sue lotgoslcecg g t`tedlcecg. @ lostruigot`, sg h`r cg pgrjussê`, cå á jeoëê` uie jecæojle rgkuder g lipejt` e` rlti`. E jrleoëe, `uvloc` ` s`i cg ui lostruigot` ngi jecgojlec` g rltiec`, cg ej`rc` j`i ` sgu tgipgreigot`, p`cg pór-sg cg pì pere ceoëer `u eneoer e jengëe. E jrleoëe ehrljeoe g, pertljuderigotg, e jrleoëe eok`deoe, oesjg j`i e iöslje o` j`rp`. Iultes vgzgs, es jrleoëes `rkeolzei, gi krup` `u ls`deceigotg, neoces iusljels, ekrupeigot`s iusljels j`i lostruigot`s cg detes `u clvgrs`s ietgrlels d`jels, lipr`vlsec`s p`r gdes prúprles. @ pr`hgss`r tgrå e terghe cg `rkeolzer gstg gspérlt` cg loljletlve loljl etlve ces jrleoëes, t`jeoc` `u hezgoc`es e henrljer lostruigot`s iusljels.

@nfgjtlv`s

? J`ostrulr iusljels gdgigotergs, sgkuloc` locljeë÷gs `rcgoeceslostruigot`s cg j`ostruëê`. ? Hezgr pdeotes j`i tun`s cg gn`oltg `u cg hgrr` `u eloce cg pedme `je, cg ej`rc` j`i e hd`re ce rgklê`2 ? @rlgoter e j`ostruëê` cg uie vl`de cg jelxe2 ? Hezgr jertezgs, cgsgom`s clvgrs`s cg clhgrgotgs lostruigot`s2

J`otgöc`s/ Ejtlvlcecgs

? Henrljer ui qulsseokg2 ? Gvgotuedigotg, p`cg goj`otrer-sg uie pgdg cg eotéd`pg `u cg jenre pere henrljer ui netuqug2 ? S`jer cg uie h`rie rucligoter edkuos lostruigot`s, ` qug p`cg sgr hglt` etrevìs ces ejtlvlcecgs gxtre-gsj`dergs2 ? Q`cg epr`vglter-sg pere jrler krup`s judturels gsj`dergs6 jeot` j`red ce gsj`de, ekrupeigot` iusljed, tgetr` g ceoëe, gtj.

?;>4

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

4

Sgie 3 - Gxpgrligoteëê`, Cgsgov`dvligot` g Jrleëê` Iusljed @nfgjtlv` Kgred ? Cgsgov`dvgr e igiúrle eucltlve, o` qug j`ojgrog e`s clhgrgotgs j`ojglt`s ce iöslje g sue rgprgsgoteëê`.

Equl, cg ej`rc` j`i es lojdloeë÷gs ce jrleoëe, ej`osgdme-sg uie igt`c`d`kle cg —eprgocgr hezgoc`’. E jrleoëe, essli, epr`vglte pere cgsgov`dvgr es sues rgels jepejlcecgs, gxpgrligoteoc`, jrleoc` `u j`ip`oc` iöslje, s`n `rlgoteëê` `u oê`, c` igstrg. G, oe igclce gi qug vel treoslteoc` cg jdessg, teinìi krecuedigotg cgvgi sgr j`ipdgigotec`s `s espgjt`s cg f`k`s cg gxpd`reëê` g `s espgjt`s gssgojlels á vlvæojle iusljed ce jrleoëe oe gsj`de. Cgsgov`dvligot` Eucltlv`

@ gssgojled ì judtlver ` `uvlc` iusljed ce jrleoëe gosloeoc` e6 gsjuter, lcgotlhljer edkuos s`os d`jels oeturels g c` igl`2 `rkeolzer s`os g gxpgrlæojles2 gorlqugjgr e dlokuekgi g ` pgoseigot` iusljed igcleotg f`k`s cg gxpd`reëê` g vlvæojle iusljed. Gxprgssê` g Jrleëê` Iusljed

E jrleoëe, ogste hesg, p`cg cgi`strer es sues jepejlcecgs cg gxprgssê` g cg jrleëê`. Q`cg pertljlper o`s pr`fgjt`s qug lotgrgssei ás sues esplreë÷gs, cg uie h`rie loclvlcued `u j`dgjtlve. j `dgjtlve. @ pr`hgss`r tgi e terghe cg efucå-de e gsj`dmgr `s igl`s utldlzec`s g ` sgu c`iéol`. @nfgjtlv`s

? ^gpr`cuzlr j`i e v`z `u j`i lostruigot`s. ? Z`os ls`dec`s, i`tlv`s, hresgs gsjede, ekrgkec`s s`o`r`s, jeoë÷gs g igd`cles (jeoteces `u t`jeces e` vlv` `u cg kreveëê`)2 ? @rkeolzer ui pgqugo` j`r` j`i e turie g j`ostltulr ui pgqugo` rgpgrtúrl` prúprl`, c`s `utr`s g c` igl` einlgotg2 ? Gsjuter e dglture cg edkuos j`ot`s, j `ot`s, hånudes, gtj.2

J`otgöc`s/ Ejtlvlcecgs

 Ceoëes cg r`ce, cg hlde2 ? ? Ceoëes trecljl`oels, i`cgroes g loheotls2 ? Jrler pgqugo`s krup`s `u j`ofuot`s cg ceoëes2 ? Qr`cuzlr s`os j`i e v`z, clstlokulr ` krlt` c` jeot`2 ? Ej`ipeomer ` heder g ` jeoter j`i pgrjussê`6 netgr pedies, ess`nler2 t`jer j`i `nfgjt`s (detes, kerrehes...) g j`i lostruigot`s iusljels (vl`de `u kulterre, qulsseokg, pleo` `u úrkê`, gtj.).

 

?;:4

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

^gprgsgoteëê` c` Z`i

@ surkligot` c` s`dhgf`, `u rgprgsgoteëê` kråhlje c` s`i, hez pertg cg ui pgrjurs` loljlec` lolj lec` pgd` rgklst` c` kgst` dlvrg g t`roe-sg krecuedigotg iels j`ojls` j`i ` p`cgr j`iuoljetlv`, `rkeolzeoc`sg gi j`ofuot`s cg sloels g séin`d`s. Q`r lss`, e pråtlje iusljed j`otgip`rîoge rgedlze-sg pgd` s`dhgf` g cgvg sgr lotgkrece o` kreu tgriloed.

@nfgjtlv`s

? Lovgoter/utldlzer kgst`s, sloels g pedevres pere gxprgsser/  j`iuoljer2 ? Lovgoter/utldlzer júclk`s cg gsjrlte iusljed.

J`otgöc`s/ Ejtlvlcecgs

? ^gprgsgoter ` s`i ce v`z, c` j`rp` g c`s lostruigot`s2 ? Lovgoter júclk`s, rgprgsgoter cureë÷gs, edtures, lotgoslcecgs,...

Zukgst÷gs Igt`c`dúkljes Gi Gcujeëê` Iusljed, ` pr`hgss`r cgvg j`oslcgrer-sg eotgs cg iels ui eut`r, ui creieturk`. Cgvg ` pr`hgss`r hezgr ` — helr pdey’, e hli cg pr`v`jer ` lotgrgssg g ` k`st` c`s sgus eduo`s pgde iöslje. E clsjlpdloe cg Gcujeëê` Iusljed oê` sgkug uie igt`c`d`kle réklce oe sue ecilolstreëê`. E sue igt`c`d`kle sgkug e rgedlcecg j`ojrgte g e sue ecepteëê` e`s eduo`s. Ì ce rgedlcecg iusljed qug cgvg selr e rgkre iusljed. Ás jrleoëes, ouoje sg cerê` cghlolë÷gs enstrejtes c`s tgri`s iusljels, eotgs cg tgrgi slc` j`ovlceces e jeoter nesteotg, eotgs cg tgrgi iudtlpdljec` es gxpgrlæojles iusljels. Iels6 sú p`cgrê` j`omgjgr `s séin`d`s kråhlj`s ce dlokuekgi iusljed o` i`igot` gi qug tgomei ecqulrlc` uie pråtlje suhljlgotg cgste dlokuekgi. Ì s`igotg queoc` e jrleoëe eprgocg e heder, heder, `uvloc` heder `s sgus prúxli`s, qug sg pgose gi cerdmg j`omgjligot` pgde eprgoclzekgi ce dglture, c`s sloels kråhlj`s qug rgprgsgotei pere `s `dm`s es sues pedevres. Cg lkued i`c`, e jrleoëe cgvg eprgocgr e jeoter pgde euclëê`, cgvg cgdglter-sg o`s sgus jeot`s eotgs cg sgr jmeiece e j`omgjgr `s sloels cg rgprgsgoteë÷gs s`o`res. E jrleoëe cgvg sgr nesteotg iecure pere j`iprggocgr qug gste rgprgsgoteëê` vlsued sgrå pere gde ui o`v` lostruigot` cg setlsheëê` iusljed g qug e efucerå e hezgr pr`krgss`s o` sgu jeot`. Heder ce iöslje e uie jrleoëe juf` `uvlc` oê` gstå suhljlgotgigotg gcujec`, jufe igiúrle iusljed gdgigoter oê` ì suhljlgotgigotg cgsgov`dvlce, ì heder-dmg ouie dlokuekgi ilstgrl`se, loj`iprggosévgd, j`i` es gxpgrlæojles clårles o`s cgi`ostrei.

?;34

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

4

 E igt`c ig t`c`d` `d`kle kle per peree e Gcu Gcujeëê jeëê`` Iusl I usljed jed sgk sgkug ug ui jeil jeilom` om` pr` pr`krg krgsslv sslv`6 `6 ? O` 5¶ Oévgd6 ` pr`hgss`r ì ui — n`ut-go-trelo’, ì eoliec`r prlojlped, lojlte es jrleoëes e tgrgi ui gspérlt` jrletlv`, etrevìs ces dgokedgokes g f`k`s. ? O` >¶ Oévgd6 ` pr`hgss`r j`igëe e nelxer e sue texe cg pertljlpeëê`, cglxeoc` qug `s eduo`s tgomei edkuies loljletlves, j`i` p`r gxgipd`6 lilteëê`, henrljeëê` cg lostruigot`s, jeot` `rkeolzec` gi uoéss`o` j`i iel`r hrgquæojle. ? O` :¶ Oévgd6  `s eduo`s få c`iloei e clrgjëê` cg jgrt`s pr`ndgies iusljels6 jeot`, rgkæojle, gojgoeëê`, eprgoclzekgi lostruigoted. @ goslo` cg lostruigot`s oê` sg vel kgogredlzer p`r t`c`s `s eduo`s p`rqug ogi t`c`s ` tgrê`. Ies epr`vglter-sg-å e eprgoclzekgi c`s lostruigot`s oui krup` iusljed `rkeolzec` oe gsj`de. Cer-sg-å iulte etgoëê` e` rlti`, e` j`ipess` cg vårl`s tlp`s, ás iuceoëes, gtj. g, o` hli, e` krehlsi` iusljed.

@ prgsgotg pr`kreie cgsgov`dvg-sg gi træs årges lip`rteotgs e cgslkoer6 ? E J`ip`slëê`2 gotgocg-sg t`ce e h`rie cg lovgoëê` iusljed, lojduloc` e lipr`vlseëê`2 ? E Euclëê`2 gotgocg-sg e gsjute iusljed ejtlve g pertljlpeotg, sgoc` e j`iprggosê` gstìtlje uie pertg lotgkreotg cgsse gxpgrlæojle2 ? E Lotgrprgteëê`2 gotgocg-sg j`i` e gxgjuëê` cg quedqugr `nre iusljed, oui pr`jgss` lotgrejtlv`, gi qug e gsjute cg sl g c` `utr` ì ui gdgigot` huoceigoted.

Evedleëê` Gi Gcujeëê` Iusljed e evedleëê` ì j`otéoue, slstgiåtlje g s`iåtlje, cg ej`rc` j`i ` jedgocårl` gsj`der. @ pr`hgss`r cgvg gsh`rëer-sg p`r ieotgr ui n`i rgdejl`oeigot` j`i e jdessg, e hli cg igdm`r p`cgr `rlgotå-de. @ prliglr` gdgigot` qug sg cgvg tgr gi j`ote eotgs cg sg loljler ` pr`jgss` cg goslo` g eprgoclzekgi sgrå ` j`omgjligot` ce gxpgrlæojle iusljed, e pertlr ce qued sg vê` en`rcer `s o`v`s j`otgöc`s. E evedleëê` loljled prgssup÷g, pere ` pr`hgss`r pr`hgss`r,, j`omgjgr `s lotgrgssgs qug tæi `s eduo`s ejgrje ce iöslje, c` qug sengi eprgjler g ved`rlzer ved`rlzer,, ces clhgrgoëes qug p`ssei epergjgr oe turie. E` j`oslcgrer ` cgsgov`dvligot` ce jrletlvlcecg j`i` uie lotgoëê` gcujetlve, ` rgocligot` ogstg jeip` cgvg rghgrlr-sg e` pr`jgss` jrletlv` g tgr gi j`ote qug, e prúprle h`rie, j`ocuz e`s jeilom`s loclrgjt`s pgde equlslëê` cg j`otgöc`s, sgi gsqugjgr qug equl teinìi sg lojdul e rgs`duëê` cg j`ohdlt`s ehgjtlv`s g s`jlels. Zg ` iels lip`rteotg ì ` pr`jgss`, ` pr`hgss`r cgvg ej`ipeomer ` eduo` pere j`otr`der gstg pr`jgss` g oê` teot` pere evgrlkuer ` qug seng. Cgste ieoglre, e evedleëê` j`ojrgtlze-sg ouie eut`-evedleëê` c` pr`hgss`r qug `nsgrverå j`otloueigotg ` qug ` eduo` eprgocg gotrg uie g `utre gtepe pere, cg ej`rc` j`i gdg, hezgr es ecepteë÷gs iels j`ovgolgotgs. @ jeråjtgr cg evedleëê` tgocgrå e sgr iels cg clekoústlj` qug cg j`otr`d`. @ pr`jgss` cg evedleëê` oê` j`ip`rte gi sl e rgedlzeëê` cg pr`ves gspgjéhljes. Ì huoceigotedigotg uie `nsgrveëê` ces ejtlvlcecgs qu`tlcleoes qug sg rgedlzerê` e` d`ok` c` eo` dgjtlv`. Cgste ieoglre, p`cgr-sg-å cgtgjter `s pr`ndgies g gstengdgjgr es igclces ogjgssårles pere s`dujl`oå-d`s. ?;74

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

Gi suie, e evedleëê` cgvg rgedlzer-sg tgoc` gi j`ote es pertljuderlcecgs g ` oévgd/kreu e qug ` eduo` pgrtgojg. ? Creietlzeëê` dlvrg ce jrleoëe gi jeot` `u j`ot`2 ? Eprgjleëê` cg f`k`s g dgokedgokes loclvlcuels `u j`dgjtlves2 ? Clhgrgojleëê` gotrg ` krlt` c` jeoter etrevìs cg gxgipd`s2 sengr clhgrgojler e v`z muieoe cg quedqugr s`i2 ? Lilteëê` cg s`os cg edkuos eoliels, jerr`s, evgs g pgss`es2 ? Hezgr e jrleoëe got`er dlvrgigotg uie jeoëê` ce sue eut`rle2 ? Suc Suc`` ` qug ` pr`hgss`r ejmer pgrtlogotg pere sgr evedlec`.

O` >¶ OÉXGD6 :.ª g 3.ª jdessgs, evedler-sg-å6 evedler-sg-å6 ? Creietlzeëê`6 rgedlzeëê` cg —sbgtjmgs’ ce eut`rle c`s eduo`s2 ? Henrlj` cg jgrt`s lostruigot`s p`r gxgipd` uie kulterre, ui qulsseokg g edkuos lostruigot`s trecljl`oels ce rgklê`2 ? @ jeot` loclvlcued `u j`dgjtlv`2 ? Ierjeëê` cg j`ipess`s slipdgs pgde jecæojle rétilje2 evedleëê` ce j`d`jeëê` ce v`z2 ? Suc Suc`` ` qug ogstg kreu kr eu ` pr`hgss`r ejmer pgrtlogotg pere sgr evedlec`.

J`i` sg seng, es ejtlvlcecgs cg evedleëê` sê` es prúprles ejtlvlcecgs iusljels. Cgvlc` á verlgcecg cg pr`jgcligot`s p`cgi j`d`jer-sg ejtlvlcecgs qug rgqugrgi clvgrs`s j`otgöc`s ekrupec`s.

 E rgj` rgj`dme dme c`s cec cec`s `s ghg ghgjtu jtue-sg e-sg etr etrevìs evìs ce `ns `nsgrv grveëê` eëê`,, use useoc` oc` lost lostrui ruigot got`s `s g igl igl`s `s clvgrslhljec`s, tels j`i`6 ?  Hljme loclvlcued c` eduo`2 ?  Krgdme cg `nsgrveëê`2 ?  Krgdmes cg evedleëê` clesjúplje-kråhlj`-oöigrlje2 ?  Srenedm`s loclvlcuels g cg krup`2 ?  Sgstgs.

E evedleëê` c` eduo` cgpgocgrå c` kreu cg j`osgjuëê` c`s `nfgjtlv`s kd`nels cg eprgoclzekgi gstengdgjlc`s, qug vê` pr`ssgkuloc` e` d`ok` c` tgip` g qug ` pr`hgss`r vel `nsgrveoc` g rgklsteoc`.

?;84

 

? Zlstgie cg Evedleëê` cg Evedleëê` ces Eprgoclzekgos

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

Evedleëê` ces Eprgoclzekgos pere ` Goslo` Qrliårl` 5 - Gsjede cg Evedleëê`

5.  E Gsjede cg Evedleëê` ì ouiìrlje pere t`ces es clsjlpdloes g verle gotrg VG^@ (1) g CGV (51)  ved`rgs.  ved` rgs. >.   E Gsjede cg Evedleëê` ì sunclvlclce, p`r h`rie e trecuzlr `s oévgls cg juiprligot` c`s `nfgjtlv`s cg t`ces es clsjlpdloes, o`s gsjed÷gs sgkulotgs6 ? cg 1 e > ‚ Ieu, pr`krlcg p`uj`2 ? cg : e 3 ‚ Igcé`jrg, pr`krlcg losuhljlgotgigotg2 ? cg 7 e 8 ‚ Zuhljlgotg, pr`krlcg suhljlgotgigotg2 ? cg ; e = ‚ N`i, pr`krlcg ngi2 ? cg < e 51 ‚ Iult` n`i, pr`krlcg j`i sgkureoëe.

> - Jdesslhljeëê` 5.  E jdesslhljeëê` c`s eduo`s ces 5.ª, :.ª g 7.ª jdessgs, sgrå hglte etrevìs cg uie eprgjleëê` kd`ned quedltetlve g cg ui rgdetúrl` cgsjrltlv` s`nrg ` pgrjurs` gsj`der c` eduo` cureotg ` eo` dgjtlv`, gvlcgojleoc` s`nrgtuc` equld` qug få seng g ì jepez cg hezgr, g `s p`ot`s hrej`s gi qug ` sgu rgocligot` cgvgrå igdm`rer.

>.  S`c`s `s eduo`s ces >.ª, 3.ª g 8.ª jdessgs cgvgrê` p`ssulr uie jdesslhljeëê` queotltetlve c` pr`hgss`r p`r clsjlpdloe gi jece trligstrg. :.   E jdesslhljeëê` rghgrlce o` p`ot` eotgrl`r rgsudte gssgojledigotg c`s cec`s ce Evedleëê` J`otéoue g cg uie (5) pr`ve c` pr`hgss`r pr`hgss`r.. 3.  Gi jece trligstrg, e jdesslhljeëê` queotltetlve c` pr`hgss`r p`r clsjlpdloe `ntìi-sg cg ej`rc` j`i es húriudes sgkulotgs6 IEJ 9

∕ ces igclces cg evedleëê` j`otéoue sgieoed cureotg ` Srligstr Srligstrgg o.¶ cg evedleë÷gs sgieoels c` Srligstrg IEJ + JQQ

IEJ 9

>

Dgkgoce6 ? IEJ ‚ Iìcle ces evedleë÷gs j`otéoues2 ? JS ‚ Jdesslhljeëê` c` trligstrg2 ? JQQ ‚ Jdesslhljeëê` pere pr`ve c` pr`hgss`r. pr`hgss`r. ?;=4

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

4

7.   @ pr`hgss`r cgvg hezgr ` rgklst` cg t`ces es loh`rieë÷gs queotltetlves g quedltetlves c`s eduo`s oe jecgrogte cg evedleë÷gs clårles g cå-des e j`omgjgr e` eduo` g Gojerrgkec` cg Gcujeëê`. 8.  O` hli c` :¶ trligstrg, pere `s eduo`s ces >.ª, 3.ª g 8.ª jdessgs, ` pr`hgss`r etrlnulrå uie Jdesslhljeëê` Hloed p`r clsjlpdloe, cg ej`rc` j`i e sgkulotg húriude6

IEJ 9

JS 5 + JS J S> + JS J S: :

Dgkgoce6 ? JEQ ‚ Jdesslhljeëê` hloed etrlnuéce pgd` pr`hgss`r o` :¶ trligstrg2 ? JS5 ‚ Jdesslhljeëê` c` 5¶ trligstrg2 ? JS> ‚ Jdesslhljeëê` c` >¶ trligstrg2 ? JS: ‚ Jdesslhljeëê` c` :¶ trligstrg.

;.  Es jdesslhljeë÷gs c` pr`hgss`r gi t`c`s `s trligstrgs, lojduloc` e JEQ JEQ,, jes` oê` sgfei s gfei oöigr`s lotglr`s, oê` sê` errgc`oceces, lst` ì, ieotæi-sg es pertgs cgjliels. =.  E jdesslhljeëê` hloed c` eo` dgjtlv` p`r clsjlpdloe, clsjlpdl oe, pere `s eduo`s ces >.ª g 3.ª jdessgs, `ntìi-sg cg ej`rc` j`i e sgkulotg húriude6

JH 9 1,: ] JEQ ] 1,; ] JQG

Dgkgoce6 ? JH ‚ Jdesslhljeëê` hloed c` eo` dgjtlv` p`r clsjlpdloe2 ? JEQ ‚ Jdesslhljeëê` etrlnuéce pgd` pr`hgss`r o` :¶ trligstrg2 ? JQG ‚ Jdesslhljeëê` ce pr`ve cg gsj`de.

?;.ª g 3.ª jdessgs p`cgi treoslter j`i CWEZ (>) cghljlæojles, locgpgocgotgigotg ce sue jdesslhljeëê`, cgscg qug oê` sgfe e Déokue Q`rtukugse `u Ietgiåtlje2 ? O` hloed ce 8.ª Jdessg, ` eduo` sú treoslte pere e jdessg sgkulotg sg `ntlvgr jdesslhljeëê` lkued `u supgrl`r e JLOJ@ (7) ved`rgs gi t`ces es clsjlpdloes. 8 - Cghljlæojles ? Zê` j`oslcgreces cghljlæojles es jdesslhljeë÷gs hloels lohgrl`rgs e JLOJ@ (7) ved`rgs. ; - J`oclë÷gs cg ^gpr`veëê`

@s eduo`s ces >.ª, 3.ª g 8.ª jdessgs rgpr`vei ouie ces sgkulotgs j`oclë÷gs6 ? J`i iels cg CWEZ (>) cghljlæojles2 ? J`i CWEZ (>) cghljlæojles sliudteogeigotg e Déokue Q`rtukugse g e Ietgiåtlje.

?=54

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

= - Gxeigs cg ^gjurs` ? Zgrê` `nfgjt` cg evedleëê` o` gxeig cg rgjurs` t`c`s `s `nfgjtlv`s/j`otgöc`s nåslj`s juiprlc`s e` d`ok` c` eo` dgjtlv`2 ? @ eduo` p`cg rgj`rrgr e gxeig cg rgjurs` o` hloed ce 8.ª Jdessg, sg `ntlvgr CWEZ (>) cghljlæojles, cgscg qug oê` sgfei sliudteogeigotg e Déokue Q`rtukugse g Ietgiåtlje. < - Gxeigs Gspgjlels ? Zgrê` `nfgjt` cg evedleëê` o`s gxeigs gspgjlels t`c`s `s `nfgjtlv`s/j`otgöc`s nåslj`s juiprlc`s e` d`ok` c` eo` dgjtlv`. ? Gstgs gxeigs cgstloei-sg e`s eduo`s, qug gi ìp`je o`ried g p`r i`tlv`s cgvlceigotg fustlhljec`s, oê` tgomei j`ipergjlc` ás pr`ves cg gsj`de `u e`s gxeigs hloels. ? Gstgs gxeigs cgstloei-sg teinìi e`s eduo`s gxtgro`s cgscg qug s`dljltgi p`r gsjrlt` á Clrgjëê` ce Gsj`de. ? Ngoghljlei-sg eloce cgdgs t`c`s `s eduo`s qug, oê` gsteoc` rgpr`vec`s, prgtgocei pr`jgcgr á igdm`rle ce sue o`te, cgscg qug ` s`dljltgi p`r jerte, clrlklce e` Clrgjt`r ce Gsj`de, j`i CGV (51)

cles cg eotgjgcæojle, cg ej`rc` j`i ` jedgocårl` gsj`der.

Clsp`slë÷gs Hloels @s jes`s oê` prgvlst`s o` prgsgotg c`juigot`, essli j`i` es cövlces susjlteces oe epdljeëê` `u lotgrprgteëê` ces sues o`ries, sgrê` rgs`dvlc`s pgd` Cgperteigot` cg Evedleëê`/LOLCG.

?=>4

 

? ^gkudeigot` pere es Qr`ves cg Gxeig c` Goslo` Qrliårl`

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

Qrgîinud` E ^gh`rie Gcujetlve, jufe hloedlcecg ì e igdm`rle ce quedlcecg c` goslo`, qug sg rgedlze o` o`ss` peés, j`otgipde e j`ojgpëê` g gden`reëê` cg ui j`ofuot` cg c`juigot`s o`rietlv`s, gotrg `s quels sg goj`otrei `s Zlstgies cg Evedleëê` ces Eprgoclzekgos. J`oslcgreoc` qug o` Zlstgie cg Evedleëê` ces Eprgoclzekgos E prgoclzekgos e pr`ve cg gxeig tgi es huoë÷gs cg jdesslhljeëê`, sgdgjëê` g jgrtlhljeëê` c`s oévgls cg eprgoclzekgi c`s eduo`s, e sue ghgjtlveëê` cgvg sgr rgkudeigotece, j`i vlste á ilolilzeëê` c`s ghglt`s cg jeråjtgr sunfgjtlv`. Qere ` ghglt`, gden`r`u-sg gstg ^gkudeigot` pere es Qr`ves cg Gxeig (ui c`juigot` cg juiprligot` `nrlketúrl` oes gsj`des). E^SLK@ 5 - (Ce cghlolëê` ce Qr`ve cg Gxeig) ? E Qr`ve cg Gxeig ì ui lostruigot` `u hgrreigote j`ostltuéce p`r ui j`ofuot` cg pgrkuotes `u gxgrjéjl`s qug evedlei prlojlpedigotg `s oévgls cg EQ^GOCLVEKGI qug `s eduo`s ecqulrgi e` d`ok` c` eo` dgjtlv`2 ? Qgde cgo`iloeëê`, sungotgocg-sg qug e pr`ve cg gxeig ì cg îinlt` oejl`oed2 p`rìi, etgocgoc` á ejtued rgedlcecg sújl`-gj`oúilje c` peés, e sue eut`rle pgrtgojgrå á Clrgjëê` Qr`vlojled ce Gcujeëê`.

E^SLK@ > - (C`s `nfgjtlv`s ce Qr`ve cg Gxeig)

Zê` `nfgjtlv`s ce pr`ve cg gxeig `s sgkulotgs6 ? Qr`i`vgr ` cgsgov`dvligot` ce pgrs`oedlcecg c`s eduo`s, cg ej`rc` j`i `s `nfgjtlv`s pr`kreiåtlj`s2 ? J`ipr`ver g ved`rlzer `s oévgls cg eprgoclzekgi etloklc`s cureotg ` eo` dgjtlv`2 ? Cgtgriloer e ghljåjle c` pr`jgss` cg goslo` g eprgoclzekgi2 ? Jdesslhljer Jdesslhljer,, sgdgjjl`oer g jgrtlhljer `s oévgls cg eprgoclzekgi c`s eduo`s.

E^SLK@ : - (C`s tlp`s cg Qr`ves cg Gxeig)  Es Qr`ve Q r`vess cg Gxei Gxeigg j`i` j` i` lost lostrui ruigot got`` cg c g evedl e vedleëê` eëê` p`c p`cgi gi sgr6 ? Gsjrltes2 ? @rels2 ? Qråtljes.

ÖOLJ@6 rgedlzer-sg rgedlzer-sg-ê` ê` gxeigs gspgjlels, cg ej`rc` j`i ` p`ot` L.< c` Zlstgie cg Evedleëê` c` ^gocligot` Gsj`der pere ` Goslo` Qrliårl`. Gstgs gxeigs, essli j`i` `s cg rgjurs`, teinìi `ngcgjgrê` ás gxlkæojles c` prgsgotg ^gkudeigot`.

?=34

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

4

E^SLK@ 3 - (C` `nfgjt` cg evedleëê` oes Qr`ves cg Gxeig) ? Ì `nfgjt` cg evedleëê` oes pr`ves cg gxeig ` oévgd cg eprgoclzekgi c`s eduo`s, tgoc` j`i` nesg `s `nfgjtlv`s g j`otgöc`s pr`kreiåtlj`s.

E^SLK@ 7 - (Ce gden`reëê` ce Qr`ve cg Gxeig) ? Es pr`ves cg gxeig sê` gden`reces pgd`s J``rcgoec`rgs Qr`vlojlels ces clsjlpdloes, oe nesg ces pr`p`stes ces Zgjë÷gs Iuoljlpels ce Gcujeëê`2 ? Oe gden`reëê` ces pr`ves cg gxeig cgvg tgr-sg gi j`ote `s j`otgöc`s nåslj`s tretec`s cureotg ` eo` dgjtlv`2 ? S`c S`cee e pr`ve cg gxeig gden`rece cgvg hezgr-sg ej`ipeomer ce rgspgjtlve jmevg g j`teëê`2 ? E pr`ve cg gxeig cgvg enerjer >1% c`s j`otgöc`s nåslj`s c` 5¶ trligstrg, :1% c` >¶ g 71% c` :¶ trligstrg.

E^SLK@ 8 - (Ces j`oclë÷gs ce rgedlzeëê`) ? E turie oê` cgvg tgr iels cg :7 eduo`s2 ? Es pr`ves cg gxeig cgvgi tgr loéjl` ás =m:1 `u ás 53m:1 g e sue cureëê` verle cg 1 ilout`s, cg ej`rc` j`i es clsjlpdloes g tgoc` gi j`ote ` m`rårl` prgvleigotg gstengdgjlc`2 ? @s eduo`s her-sg-ê` ej`ipeomer s`igotg c` ietgrled loclspgosåvgd, cg ej`rc` j`i e clsjlpdloe, g cgvgrê` `nrlket`rleigotg sgoter-sg, `ngcgjgoc` á `rcgi ouiìrlje gi j`oh`rilcecg j`i e dlste ce turie2 ? Qere edìi c`s eduo`s g c` förl, sú ì pgriltlce e gotrece oe sede ce pr`ve e` Clrgjt`r g Zunclrgjt`r ce gsj`de g Lospgjt`r Gsj`der2 ? Wi iginr` c` förl herå e clstrlnulëê` ces h`dmes ce pr`ve g cg resjuom` jerlineces pgde Clrgjëê` ce Gsj`de g runrljeces pgd` förl g Lospgjt`r Gsj`der2 ? @s eduo`s cgvgi gsjrgvgr ` sgu o`ig oe h`dme c` resjuom` g, oe h`dme ce pr`ve, ` o`ig g oöigr`

s`igotg o` trlîokud` plj`tec`2 ? @ govgd`pg j`otgoc` es pr`ves cg gxeig sú p`cgrå sgr engrt` pgd` prgslcgotg c` förl `u sgu sunstltut` epús ` sloed pere ` loéjl` ce pr`ve2 ? Cureotg e rgedlzeëê` ce pr`ve cg gxeig, gstå gxprgsseigotg pr`lnlce e tr`je cg liprgss÷gs gotrg `s eduo`s s`n pgoe cg eoudeëê` ce igsie g j`osgqugotg gxpudsê` ce sede2 ? S`c S`ces es es cövlces eprgsgoteces p`r quedqugr eduo` cgvgi sgr gsjdergjlces gi v`z edte pere ngoghljler e t`c`s2 ? Oê` ì eut`rlzece e seéce cg quedqugr eduo`, igsi` qug tgome j`ojduéc`, sgi t`jer ` sloed qug cå p`r tgriloec` ` tgip` ce pr`ve2 ? Ì pr`lnlce e seéce cg quedqugr eduo` ce sede ce pr`ve, sedv` gi jes` cg gxtrgie ogjgsslcecg cgscg qug ej`ipeomec`2 ? E rgedlzeëê` ces pr`ves cg gxeig cgvg sgr ej`ipeomece pgde Lospgjëê` Gsj`der. ?=74

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

E^SLK@ ; - (Ce epdljeëê` ce Qr`ve cg Gxeig) ? Es pr`ves cg gxeig cgvgi sgr prgsteces pgreotg ui j`rp` cg förl2 ? @ j`rp` cg förl oê` p`cg sgr lotgkrec` p`r pr`hgss`rgs ce gsj`de gi qug sg epdljei es pr`ves, lst` ì, `s sgus iginr`s cgvgi sgr pr`vgolgotgs cg `utres gsj`des2 ? @s iginr`s c` förl cgvgi j`ipergjgr oe gsj`de :1 ilout`s eotgs c` loéjl` ce pr`ve2 ? E gotrece c`s eduo`s oe sede vgrlhljer-sg-å >1 ilout`s eotgs cg jece pr`ve, igcleotg jmeiece ouiìrlje g o`iloed, p`r ui iginr` c` förl, g e lcgotlhljeëê` c` eduo` etrevìs ce eprgsgoteëê` c` Nldmgtg cg Lcgotlcecg g c` jertê` gsj`der2 ? E rgj`dme ces pr`ves cgvg pr`jgcgr-sg sgkuoc` e `rcgi ouiìrlje g epgoes epús ` sloed qug loclqug ` sgu tìrilo`2 ? J`ohgrlr sg ` oöigr` cg pr`ves rgj`dmlces j`lojlcg j`i ` oöigr` cg eduo`s prgsgotgs g sg t`c`s `nsgrverei es lostruë÷gs ceces s`nrg ` prggojmligot` ces h`dmes.

E^SLK@ = - (C` J`rp` c` Förl) ? @ j`rp` c` förl pere jece jdessg g gsj`de sgrå locljec` pgde Zgjëê` Iuoljlped ce Gcujeëê` g lotgkrec` p`r træs pr`hgss`rgs, sgoc` ui cgdgs cgslkoec` prgslcgotg `s `utr`s 5¶ g >¶ v`kels2 ? @ j`rp` cg förl cgvg sgr hlx` pere t`ces es clsjlpdloes ce jdessg.

 E` j`rp j `rp`` c` c ` förl fö rl j`i j`ipgt pgtg6 g6 ? @rkeolzer `s eduo`s oe sede cg pr`ve cg gxeig2 ? Essloer t`c` ` gxpgclgotg rghgrgotg ás pr`ves cg gxeig (peutes, tgri`s, rgdetúrl`s g `utr`s)2 ? Lostrulr `s eduo`s s`nrg es o`ries e `nsgrver pere e rgedlzeëê` ce pr`ve cg gxeig2 ? J`otr`der ` juiprligot` ces o`ries gstengdgjlces pere e rgedlzeëê` ce pr`ve cg gxeig2 ? J`rrlklr es pr`ves g prggojmgr t`c`s `s c`juigot`s rghgrgotgs e` rgklst` c`s rgsudtec`s2 ? Cgtgriloer e Jdesslhljeëê` Hloed (JH) cg jece eduo` cg ej`rc` j`i e húriude j`osteotg c` Zlstgie cg Evedleëê` ces Eprgoclzekgos2 ? Qundljer `s rgsudtec`s hloels c`s eduo`s oe peute2 ? Gden`rer ` rgdetúrl` p`r clsjlpdloe, gohetlzeoc` s`nrgtuc` es pgrkuotes gi qug `s eduo`s tlvgrei iel`rgs clhljudcecgs, es clhljudcecgs kgrels j`osteteces cureotg e rgedlzeëê` ces pr`ves, es eo`iedles j`osteteces, gtj. j`i vlste á t`iece cg cgjls÷gs.

prgslcg lcgotg otg cg förl f örl j`i j`ipgt pgtg6 g6 ?  E` prgs ? Juiprlr g hezgr juiprlr ` rgkudeigot` ces pr`ves2 ? J`otr`der ` cgsgipgom` c`s v`kels2 ? Qrgslclr e`s trenedm`s c` j`rp` j `rp` c` förl rghgrgotg á rgedlzeëê` ces pr`ves cg gxeig. ? @ prgslcgotg c` förl sgrå sunstltuéc` pgd` prliglr` v`ked, gi jes` cg lipgcligot`. ?=84

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

E^SLK@ < - (Ce Jdesslhljeëê` ces Qr`ves cg Gxeig)

jd esslhlje hljeëê` ëê` ces pr` pr`ves ves cg gxei g xeigg cgvg c gvg sgr prgj prgjgcl gclce ce cg6 c g6 ?  E jdessl d lste ce turie2 ?  @rcgoeigot` edhenìtlj` g ouiìrlj`, cg ej`rc` j`i e dlste ?  J`d`jeëê` c`s oöigr`s j`ovgojl`oels g e j`osgqugotg gxtrejëê` c`s trlîokud`s c`s jeot`s supgrl`rgs clrglt`s g j`d`jec`s gi govgd`pgs qug sgrê` cgp`sltec`s gi duker sgkur` pgd` Zunclrgjt`r Qgcekúklj`. ? @ pess` eotgrl`r ì ce rgsp`osenldlcecg ce Zunclrgjëê` Qgcekúklje ce gsj`de gi j`den`reëê` j`i ` j`rp` c` förl2 ? Es pr`ves cg gxeig sê` jdesslhljeces pgd` j`rp` cg förl j`i nesg oe jmevg g oe j`teëê` ces igsies2 ? E jdesslhljeëê` ces pr`ves cg gxeig cgvg tgr duker oe gsj`de `ocg sgrê` kuerceces gi duker sgkur` pgde Clrgjëê` cg Gsj`de g oê` ì pgriltlce e seéce cg quedqugr pr`ve pere ` gxtgrl`r ce gsj`de2

S`c`ss `s trenedm`s cg jdesslhljeëê` cgvgi j`igëer g tgriloer, tgriloer, cg ej`rc` j`i e prgvlsê` c` jedgocårl` ? S`c` gsj`der2 ? E jdesslhljeëê` tgriloe j`i e lcgotlhljeëê` (j`dekgi c`s jeot`s) ce pr`ve cg gxeig, cgtgriloeëê`

ces jdesslhljeë÷gs hloels c`s cg rgsudtec`s g ehlxeëê` cg eduo`s peutes.p`r clsjlpdloe, prggojmligot` cg t`c`s `s c`juigot`s cg rgklst` E^SLK@ 51 - (Ce pundljeëê` c`s ^gsudtec`s) ? @s rgsudtec`s, teot` ce jdesslhljeëê` etrlnuéce pgd` pr`hgss`r o` hli c` :¶ trligstrg (JEQ), ce jdesslhljeëê` ce pr`ve cg gxeig (JG), ngi j`i` e jdesslhljeëê` hloed (JH), cgvgi sgr pundljec`s oe peute ce turie2 ? Es peutes cgvgi sgr essloeces pgd` j`rp` c` förl, pgd` Zunclrgjt`r Qgcekúklj` g pgd` Clrgjt`r ce gsj`de g sú cgp`ls sgrê` ehlxeces, cg ej`rc` j`i e prgvlsê` c` jedgocårl` gsj`der2 ? Ì gxprgsseigotg pr`lnlce e prgsgoëe cg resures `u gigoces oes peutes.

ÖOLJ@6 Es gsj`des c` goslo` pertljuder govlerê` uie peute pere e gsj`de pöndlje, locljece pere ghglt`s cg jgrtlhljeëê`.

?=;4

4

 

     4 Gcujeëê`|Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`|

E^SLK@ 55 - (Ces ^gjdeieë÷gs s`nrg es Jdesslhljeë÷gs Hloels) ? Uuedqugr eduo` qug oê` j`oj`rcg j`i e Jdesslhljeëê` Hloed p`cgrå, etrevìs c` sgu Gojerrgkec` cg Gcujeëê`, eprgsgoter p`r gsjrlt` á Clrgjëê` ce gsj`de e sue rgjdeieëê`2 ? S`ce S`cess es rgjdeieë÷gs sú sgrê` ejgltgs ;> m`res epús e pundljeëê` ces peutes2 ? Gi t`ces es gsj`des c` Goslo` Qrliårl` cgvgi sgr jrleces j`ilss÷gs cg rgvlsê` pere etgocligot` cg gvgotuels rgjdeieë÷gs >3 m`res epús e pundljeëê` ces peutes2 ? E J`ilssê` pere ` etgocligot` ces rgjdeieë÷gs cgvg sgr j`ip`ste p`r t`c`s `s J``rcgoec`rgs cg jdessg, Jmghgs cg Suro` g j``rcgoeces pgd` Zunclrgjt`r Qgcekúklj`2 ? E J`ilssê` cgvgrå pr`ouojler-sg s`nrg es rgjdeieë÷gs ;> m`res epús e sue eprgsgoteëê`2 ? O` treteigot` ces rgjdeieë÷gs, e J`ilssê` pr`jgcgrå á rgvlsê` ce j`rrgjëê` ce pr`ve cg gxeig tgoc` p`r nesg e j`teëê`, herå `s jådjud`s ogjgssårl`s gi huoëê` ces húriudes c` Zlstgie cg Evedleëê` g cgjlclrå s`nrg ` essuot`2 ? E cgjlsê` ce J`ilssê` cg ^gvlsê` cgvg sgr loh`riece e` Clrgjt`r ce gsj`de p`r gsjrlt`, g gstg, p`r sue vgz, loh`rierå ` rgjdeieotg g e Zgjëê` Zgjë ê` Iuoljlped ce Gcujeëê`2 ? E cgjlsê` ce J`ilssê` cg rgvlsê` oê` jergjg cg quedqugr rgjurs`.

ÖOLJ@6 Es gsj`des c` goslo` pertljuder gstê` lsgotes cg j`ostltulr J`ilss÷gs cg ^gjdeieëê`, pgd` qug t`ces es rgjdeieë÷gs cgvgi sgr gojeilomeces - (Ces Lrrgkuderlcecgs g Hreucgs) ? Ì j`oslcgrece hreucg t`ce e vl`deëê` c` prgvlst` ogstg ^gkudeigot` g c` slkld` ces pr`ves cg gxeig eotgs ce sue rgedlzeëê`, ngi j`i` ` rgjurs` e gdgigot`s cg j`osudte o` cgj`rrgr ces pr`ves (jånudes) g j`iuoljeëê` gotrg eduo`s. ? Gi jes` cg cgtgjëê` cg quedqugr sltueëê` eoúiede cgotr` ce sede cg pr`ve, pr`jgcgrsg-å c` sgkulotg i`c`6 ? Zg sg treter cg ui eduo`, ` prgslcgotg c` förl `u sgu sunstltut` e pr`ve g gxpudserå `(s) sgu(s) eut`r(gs) pertljlpeoc`, cg sgkulce, á Clrgjëê` ce gsj`de,eouderå p`r gsjrlt`. ? Zg sg treter cg ui iginr` c` förl `u `utr` loclvécu`, ` prgslcgotg c` förl `u sgu sunstltut` loh`rierå p`r gsjrlt` e Clrgjëê` ce gsj`de, e qugi j`ipgtlrå j`iuoljer á Zgjëê` Iuoljlped ce Gcujeëê` pere ghglt`s cg t`iece cg igclces pgrtlogotgs.

?==4

 

Q^@K^EIE C@ GOZLO@ Q^LIÅ^L@ CE :.ª JDEZZG |Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`

E^SLK@ 5: - (Ces hedtes á Qr`ve cg Gxeig) ? E oê` j`iperæojle á pr`ve cg gxeig p`r pertg c` eduo` sgi fustlhljeëê` f ustlhljeëê` pdeusévgd ì, pere t`c`s `s ghglt`s, gqulvedgotg e ui rgsudtec` lkued e VG^@ (1) ved`rgs2 ? E(s) hedte(s) e pr`ve cg gxeig p`r pertg c` eduo`, cgscg qug cgvlceigotg fustlhljece(s), cå clrglt` á rgedlzeëê` c`s gxeigs gspgjlels, j`oh`rig prgvæ ` Zlstgie Zls tgie cg Evedleëê` c` ^gocligot` Gsj`der2 ? E hedte cg ui iginr` c` förl oê` fustlhljec` cg ej`rc` j`i ` prgvlst` oe Dgl Kgred c` Srenedm` lipdljerå cgsj`ot`s o` sunsécl` c` gxeig g sgrå rgklstece o` pr`jgss` loclvlcued.

ÖOLJ@6 Qere es gsj`des c` goslo` pertljuder, `s p`ot`s 5 g > sê` epdljåvgls j`oh`rig gstê`, goqueot` qug o` p`ot` : sg epdljei es rgkres j`otretuels. E^SLK@ 53 - (Clsp`slë÷gs Hloels)

@s jes`s oê` prgvlst`s o` prgsgotg ^gkudeigot`, essli j`i` es cövlces susjlteces oe epdljeëê` `u lotgrprgteëê` ces sues o`ries, sgrê` rgs`dvlces p`r cgspejm` j`ofuot` ces Clrgjë÷gs c` LOLCG g COGK c` Ilolstìrl` ce Gcujeëê`.

?=115. ? NG^S^EOC, \vgs g XED@LZ, Qeud - Qereclkies Gcujejl`oels , Lostltut` Qlekgt - Clvlsê` Gclt`rled, Dlsn`e, 51 1>. ?  XEDECE^GZ, F`rkg g K^EËE, Ierkerlce -  Evedleoc`... pere Igdm`rer e Eprgoclzekgi  Eprgoclzekgi , Qdåteo` Gclë÷gs Sìjoljes, Dce., Dlsn`e, Cgzginr` 5