Producción Porcina en Tiempos de Covid 19

 

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@jtrahubb`òj..........................................................................................................4 Aofgt`vas...............................................................................................................? Egtahacamåd..........................................................................................................2 Hgsdiåas hg cd `jhustr`d parb`jd d j`vgc mcaodc gj t`gepas hg BAY@H 40............8 Tug gs gc BAY@H 401........................................................................................8 ±Buäc gs gc `epdbta hgc barajdv`rus gj cd `jhustr`d bärj`bd1...........................7 Hgsdi`as hg cd parb`jabucturd............................................................................=  Dctd vacdt`c`hdh gj cas prgb`as prgb`as hg cds edtgr`ds pr`eds............................... pr`eds...................................= ....= Egrbdha parb`ja6 sg `jtgrruepg cd rgbupgrdb`òj hg cas prgb`as, cds geprgsds ldbgj irgjtg d rgstr`bb`ajgs..........................................................= ±@jtgrrupb`ajgs tgepardcgs baj gigbtas hurdhgras1........................................0 ^rgabupdb`òj gj cds mrdjfds...........................................................................4> Bajbcus`ajgs......................................................................................................42 O`oc`amrdiåd..........................................................................................................48

 

@jtrahubb`òj pdås ås cd pr prah ahub ubb` b`òj òj hg bg bgrh rhas as ld fu fumd mdha ha uj `e `epa part rtdj djtg tg pd pdpg pgcc gj cd Gj gc pd gbajaeåd gbaj aeåd dpartdjh dpartdjha a uj =.? % dc ^@O dmråbacd dmråbacd y 4% dc ^@O jdb`ajdc jdb`ajdc dhge dhgeäs äs qug qu g t` t`gj gjg g uj mr mrdj dj `e `epd pdbt bta a gj cd gb gbaj ajae aeåd åd hg su supg pgrv rv`v `vgj gjb` b`d d bd bdep epgs gs`j `jd d prahub`hd d trdvàs hg cas bgrhas hg trdspdt`a gc budc rgprgsgjtd gc ?7% hg cd prahubb`òj hg gc Rdcvdhar. ^gra tdc prahubb`òj parb`jd gstd s`geprg `jicugjb`dhd par idbtargs deo`gjtdcgs, gbajòe`bas, y sab`dcgs baea ca gs gc bdsa hg cd dbtudc pdjhge`d mgjgrdhd par  gc v`rus bajab`ha baea barajdv`rus, pravabdjha cd gjigreghdh gs bajab`hd eujh`dcegjtg baea BAY@H 40; cd budc ld prahub`ha uj pdra cdoardc pdrd gv`tdr  gc bajtdm`a y prapdmdb`òj hgc e`sea; `jhub`gjha d ujd br`s`s gj cd gbajaeåd d j`vgc eujh`dc. Xaha ca djtgr`ar ld mgjgrdha jugvas hgsdiåas pdrd gc hgsdrracca hg tahas cas sgbtargs qug iaredj pdrtg hg cd gbajaeåd hg tahas cas pdåsgs, `jbcuygjha d cd `jhustr`d parb`jd; yd qug cd gjigreghdh ld tgj`ha uj `epdbta euy jgmdt`va mgjgrdjha eublds prgabupdb`ajgs gj cds mrdjfds hgc pdås, y taha gc sgbtar  dmrapgbudr`a. Gj gc prgsgjtg trdodfa sg hdj d bajabgr dcmujas hgsdiåas qug gjirgjtd cd parb`jabucturd, taedjha gj bugjtd cd dctd vacdt`c`hdh hg cas prgb`as hg cds edtgr`ds pr`eds, `jtgrrupb`ajgs qug sg ldj hdha gj gc egrbdha parb`ja, gc `epdbta hgc BAY@H 40 gj cd `jhustr`d. Gc aofgt`va hgc `jiareg gs `hgjt`i`bdr cas hgsdiåas hg cd `jhustr`d parb`jd d j`vgc mcaodc hgshg gc bajtgxta iaredha par cd pdjhge`d hg Bav`h 40; y s`gjha uj habuegjta hg dpaya tgòr`ba pdrd qug cas gstuh`djtgs hg `jmgj`gråd ` jmgj`gråd dmrajòe`bd bajazbdj eds saorg cd rgdc`hdh y praocgeät`bd qug dirajtd gc ruora.

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Aofgt`vas

Mgjgrdc 

@hgjt`i`bdr cas hgsdiåas hg cd `jhustr`d parb`jd d j`vgc mcaodc hgshg gc bajtgxta iaredha par cd pdjhge`d hg Bav`h 40.

Gspgbåi`bas 

Hgsbr`o Hgsb r`o`r `r gc ba bajt jtgx gxta ta br brgd gdha ha pa parr cd pd pdjh jhge ge`d `d hg Ba Bav` v`h h 40 40,, d j` j`vg vgcc gbajòe`ba y prahubt`va.

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Hgtgre Hgtg re`j `jdr dr cd `jic `jicug ugjb jb`d `d qu qug g t` t`gj gjg g cd pd pdjh jhge ge`d `d hg Ba Bav` v`h h 40 gj cd `jhustr`d parb`jd.

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Gjue ueg grdr rdr cas cas hgsdi gsdiåa åas s d cas cas bud udcg cgs s sg gs gstä täj j gji jirg rgjt jtd djha jha ca cas s parb`jabuctargs, d bdusd hg cd pdjhge`d hg Bav`h 40.

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Egtahacamåd egtah tahaca acamåd måd qug dp dpc`b c`bdrg drgeas eas gj cd `jv `jvgst gst`md `mdb`ò b`òj j hab habueg uegjtd jtdcc t`t t`tucd ucdhd hd Cd eg hgsdiåas hg cd `jhustr`d parb`jd d j`vgc mcaodc gj t`gepas hg Bav`h40 cd budc gstä odsdhd gj gc gstuh`a hgsbr`pt`va gc budc prgtgjhg bdrdbtgr`zdr gc gstuh`a par egh`a hg cd gvdcudb`òj gvdcudb`òj hg sus baepajgjtgs. Dså e`sea, gc gstuh`a gs hg bdräbtgr hghubt`va, par ca qug sg pdrt`rä hg ca eäs mgjgrdc d ca gspgbåi`ba odsdjha cds bajbcus`ajgs gj d `jiaredb`òj rgbacgbtdhd hgc tged. Cd `jvgst`mdb`òj d rgdc`zdr gs hg t`pa budjt`tdt`vd, gs hgb`r dqugccd qug jas pgre`td pgre` td aotgjgr aotgjgr hdtas a rgm`stras rgm`stras hg dôas djtgr`args djtgr`args P hgc dôa qug ldj s`ha digbtdhas par cd vdr`docg `jhgpgjh`gjtg (pdjhge`d) P pahgr tgjgr dså gstas hdtas hdt as pd pdrd rd iuj iujhde hdegjt gjtdr dr uj djä djäc`s c`s`s `s b`g b`gjtå jtåi`b i`ba a hg cd s`t s`tudb udb`òj `òj.. Hgo`ha d cd jdturdcgzd hg cd `jvgst`mdb`òj, pdrd cd rgbacgbb`òj hg `jiaredb`òj sg ldrä usa hg iugjtgs hg hdtas hdtas sgbujhdr`ds baea tgs`s, h`bb`ajdr`as, d djudr`as, judr`as, bdtäcamas hg o`oc o`oc`a `atg tgbd bds s g @j @jtg tgrj rjgt gt.. ^gra ^gra tdeo`à tdeo`àj j pahgeas pahgeas aptd aptdrr par iug iugjtg jtgs s hg `jiaredb`òj pr`edr`d baea ca saj cds gjtrgv`stds d prahubtargs gjtrgv`stds d budcqu`gr t`pa hg pgrsajds v`jbucdhds d gstg ruora y aigrtd y hgedjhd hg cas prahubtas.

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Hgsdiåas hg cd `jhustr`d parb`jd d j`vgc mcaodc gj t`gepas hg BAY@H 40 Tug gs gc BAY@H 401 Cd BAY@H-40 gs cd gjigreghdh `jigbb`asd bdusdhd par gc barajdv`rus qug sg ld hgsbuo`grta eäs rgb`gjtgegjtg. Xdjta gstg jugva v`rus baea cd gjigreghdh qug pravabd grdj hgsbajab`has djtgs hg qug gstdccdrd gc oratg gj ]uldj (Bl`jd) gj h`b`georg hg ?>40. Dbtudcegjtg cd BAY@H -40 gs ujd pdjhge`d qug digbtd d eublas pdåsgs hg taha gc eujha.(AER, ?>?>). Cd ed edya yarå råd d hg cds cds pg pgrs rsaj ajds ds (dcr (dcrgh ghgh ghar ar hg hgcc %) %) sg rg rgbu bupg pgrd rdj j hg cd gjigreghdh s`j jgbgs`hdh hg trdtde`gjta lasp`tdcdr`a. Dcrghghar hg 4 hg bdhd 7 pgrsajds qug bajtrdgj cd BAY@H -40 dbdod prgsgjtdjha uj budhra mrdvg y gxpgr`egjtd h`i`buctdhgs pdrd rgsp`rdr.(AER, ?>?>). Cds pgrsajds edyargs y cds qu qug g pdh pdhgbg gbgj j dig digbb bb`aj `ajgs gs eàh eàh`bd `bds s prg prgv`d v`ds s bae baea a l`p l`pgrt grtgjs gjs`òj `òj drt drtgr`d gr`dc, c, pr prao aocg cged eds s bdr drh h`dba `dbas s a puce ceaj ajd drg rgs s, h` h`d dog ogtg tgs s a bäj äjbg bgrr t` t`g gjg jgj j eäs praodo`c`hdhgs hg prgsgjtdr budhras mrdvgs. R`j geodrma, budcqu`gr pgrsajd pughg bajtrdgr cd BAY@H-40 y bdgr mrdvgegjtg gjigred.(AER, ?>?>). Cd gba gbajae jaeåd åd euj eujh`d h`dcc v`v v`vg g ujd br` br`s`s s`s sdj sdj`td `tdr`d r`d,, luedj luedjd d y gba gbajòe jòe`bd `bd s`j prgbghgjtgs gj gc öct`ea s`mca y qug gvacub`ajd bajt`judegjtg.(BG^DC, ?>?>).  Djtg cd pdjhge`d hg cd gjigreghdh par barajdv`rus (BAY@H-40), cds gbajaeåds sg b`grrdj y pdrdc`zdj, y cds sab`ghdhgs gjtrdj gj budrgjtgjds eäs a egjas sgvgrds, egh`hds saca baepdrdocgs d cds hg s`tudb`ajgs hg mugrrd. (BG^DC, ?>?>). Dujqug ja sg sdog buäjta hurdrä cd br`s`s j` cd iared qug pahr pa hråd åd tg tgjg jgrr cd rgbu rgbupg pgrd rdb` b`òj òj,, bu budj djta ta eä eäs s rä räp` p`hd hd y ba bajt jtuj ujhg hgjt jtg g sg sgd d cd rgspugstd, egjargs sgräj cas gigbtas jgmdt`vas. Dcmujas hg cas egbdj`seas trdh`b`ajdcgs hg egrbdha pahrådj ja sgr sui`b`gjtgs pdrd gjirgjtdrcd hgo`ha d cd `jtgrrupb`òj hg cds dbt`v`hdhgs prahubt`vds y cd bajs`mu`gjtg bajtrdbb`òj hg hgedjhd.(BG^DC, ?>?>). Gc BAY@H-40 tgjhrä gigbtas mrdvgs gj gc barta y gc cdrma pcdza gj cd aigrtd y cd hged hg edjh jhd d d j`vg j`vgcc dm dmrg rgmd mdha ha y sg sgbt btar ar`d `dc, c, bu buyd yd `j `jtg tgjs js`h `hdh dh y pr prai aiuj ujh` h`hd hdh h hgpgjh hgp gjhgrä gräj j hg cds ba bajh` jh`b`a b`ajgs jgs `jt `jtgrj grjds ds hg bd bdhd hd gb gbaja ajaeåd eåd,, gc bae baegrb grb`a `a eujh`dc, cd hurdb`òj hg cd gp`hge`d y cds egh`hds sab`dcgs y gbajòe`bds pdrd prgvgj`r gc bajtdm`a. (BG^DC, ?>?>). Cd dbb`òj eäs `epartdjtg pdrd gjirgjtdr gc BAY@H-40 gs cd bajtgjb`òj hg cd gxpd gx pdjs js`ò `òj j hg hgcc v`r `rus us eg egh` h`dj djtg tg gc du duta tad` d`sc scde de`g `gjt jta, a, cd bu budr drgj gjtg tgjd jd y gc h`stdjb`de`gjta sab`dc. Gsd egh`hd t`gjg `epdbtas pas`t`vas pdrd cd sdcuh dc dpcd dp cdjd jdrr cd bu burv rvd d hg ba bajt jtdm dm`a `a.( .(BG BG^D ^DC, C, ?> ?>?> ?>). ). ^gra ^gra,, td tdeo eo`à `àj j di digb gbtd td d cd dbt` db t`v` v`hd hdh h gb gbaj ajòe òe`b `bd d pu pugs gs gc h`st h`stdj djb` b`de de`g `gjt jta a mg mgjg jgrd rdce cegj gjtg tg `e `epc pc`b `bd d cd hgsdbgcgrdb`òj hg cd prahubb`òj a `jbcusa su `jtgrrupb`òj tatdc. Gsta h`se`juyg cds lards hg trdodfa y cas sdcdr`as y hd cumdr d cd bajs`mu`gjtg rghubb`òj hg cd hgedjhd dmrgmdhd hg o`gjgs y sgrv`b`as.(BG^DC, ?>?>). Hdha qug cd edyaråd hg cds gep geprgs rgsds ds i`j i`jdjb djb`dj `dj sus `jv `jvgrs grs`aj `ajgs gs pr` pr`jb` jb`pdc pdcegj egjtg tg baj md mdjdj jdjb`d b`ds s rgtgj`hds, cd iaredb`òj orutd hg bdp`tdc i`fa sg vgrä digbtdhd jgmdt`vdegjtg. 8

 

(BG^DC, ?>?>). Gc gigbta euct`pc`bdhar hgc bajsuea sgrä s`mj`i`bdt`vdegjtg jgmdt`va y sg vgrä dmrdvdha par cd idctd hg `jvgrs`ajgs pr`vdhds. (BG^DC, ?>?>). Gc 44 hg edrza, cd Armdj`zdb`òj Eujh`dc hg cd Rdcuh hgbcdrò gc oratg hgc jugva Barajdv`rus baea ujd –^djhge`d―, gs hgb`r, ujd gp`hge`d qug aburrg gj ujd zajd za jd gx gxtg tgjs jsd d (v (vdr dr`a `as s pd pdås åsgs gs a ba bajt jt`j `jgj gjtg tgs) s) y su sugc gcg g di digb gbtd tdrr d uj ujd d pd pdrt rtg g bajs`hgrdocg hg cd paocdb`òj.(Edspra paocdb`òj.(Edsprahubb`aj, hubb`aj, ?>?>). Cd pdjhge`d hg BAY@H-40 gs ujd br`s`s eujh`dc qug yd gstä digbtdjha dc sgbtar hg cd dc`egjtdb`òj y cd dmr`bucturd.( IDA, ?>?>). Gs prgb`sa dhaptdr  egh` eg h`hd hds s `jeg `jegh` h`dt dtds ds pd pdrd rd md mdrd rdjt jt`z `zdr dr cd ba bajt jt`j `ju` u`hd hdh h hg cd cds s bd bdhg hgjd jds s hg sue`j`stra hg dc`egjtas ‒d j`vgc jdb`ajdc g `jtgrjdb`ajdc- d i`j hg e`t`mdr gc r` r`gs gsma ma hg pgr grtu turo rod db`a b`ajg jgs s `e `epa part rtdj djtg tgs s qug tg tgj jhr hråd ådj j bajs jsgb gbug ugjb jb`d `ds s bajs ba js`h `hgr grdo docg cgs s pd pdrd rd ta taha has, s, gj gs gspg pgb` b`dc dc pd pdrd rd cd pa paoc ocdb db`ò `òj j eä eäs s pa paor org g y vucjgrdocg.( IDA, ?>?>). Cd IDA gstä gspgb`dcegjtg prgabupdhd par gc dbbgsa hg cds paocdb`ajgs d cas dc`egjtas d egh`a y cdrma pcdza.( IDA, ?>?>). Cd iugrtg hgsdbgcgrdb`òj hg tahds cds gbajaeåds hgc eujha y gj pdrt`bucdr hg cds eäs vucjgrdocgs -yd qug cds tdsds hg hgsgepcga ldj duegjtdha y cds rgpgrbus`ajgs gbajòe`bds hg cd BAY@H-40 sg sgjt`räj eäs- ldrä qug cas pdåsgs, gj gspgb`dc cas qug hgpgjhgj hg cds `epartdb`ajgs hg dc`egjtas, tgjmdj h`i`buctdhgs pdrd h`spajgr hg cas rgbursas jgbgsdr`as pdrd baeprdrcas.( IDA, ?>?>). D su vgz, baea cd hgedjhd hg dc`egjtas h`se`ju`rä gj cas pròx`eas egsgs, cas prgb`as hgogrådj odfdr gj ?>?>, ca qug tgjhrä uj `epdbta jgmdt`va gj cas dmr`buctargs y gc sgbtar dmråbacd. ( IDA, ?>?>).

±Buäc gs gc `epdbta hgc barajdv`rus gj cd `jhustr`d bärj`bd1 Gc `e `epd pdbt bta a hg hgcc ba bara rajd jdv` v`ru rus s gj cd `jhu `jhust str` r`d d bä bärj rj`b `bd d sg ed edj` j`i` i`gs gstd td gj cd h`se`j h`s e`jub` ub`òj òj hgc baj bajsue suea a hg pra pratgå tgåjd jd dj dj`ed `edc, c, cd bu budc dc ba bajt` jt`jud judrä rä d cd od odfd fd hurdjtg gc pr`egr tr`egstrg hgc dôa.(_gv`stds gjids`s, ?>?>). Gc `epdbta gs h`igr h`igrgjtg gjtg pdrd bdhd t`pa hg pratg pratgåjd åjd dj`edc. Cas eäs digbtdh digbtdhas as saj cd bdrjg hg oav`ja, hg barhgra y ldstd edr`sbas, buya bajsuea gstä dsab`dha baj gc sgmegjta hg iaah sgrv`bg gj Bl`jd, gj uj eaegjta gj qug cd edyaråd edya råd hg cas rgstd rgstdurdjt urdjtgs gs gstä gstäj j bgrrd bgrrdhas has gj gsg pdås.(_gv pdås.(_gv`stds `stds gjids`s, ?>?>). Cd hgedjhd hg bdrjg hg bgrha y hg dvg hgogråd suir`r egjas `epdbta, dujqug tdeo`àj rgm`strdraj ujd rghubb`òj gj su bajsuea gj gc sgmegjta hg iaah sgrv`bg. Rg gspgrd uj duegjta gj cas prgb`as hg pratgåjd dj`edc gj Bl`jd pdrd gc sgmujha y tgrbgr tr`egstrg hg ?>?>, `epdbtdhas par gc odfa sue`j`stra hg bdrjg irgsbd d gsbdcd jdb`ajdc.(_gv`stds gjids`s, ?>?>). Cd prahubb`òj haeàst`bd hg bdrjg t`gjhg d odfdr djtg cas hgsdiåas rgcdb`ajdhas baj gc trdjspartg hg prahubtas g `jsueas gj gc pdås hgo`ha d cas ocaqugas hg bdrr bd rrgt gtgr grds ds,, ca qu qug g h`i`b h`i`buc uctd td gc db dbbg bgsa sa d ca cas s mr mrdj djas as pd pdrd rd cd rd rdb` b`òj òj dj dj`e `edc dc.. (_gv`stds gjids`s, ?>?>). 7

 

 D pgsdr hg cd `jgstdo`c`hdh gbajòe`bd y cas aostäbucas s`j prgbghgjtgs, cd hgedjhd eujh`dc hg bdrjg hg bgrha s`mug s`gjha iugrtg, y cas `epartdhargs, e`jar`stds y rgstdurdhargs ldj gjbajtrdha iareds brgdt`vds pdrd sdt`sidbgr cd hgedjhd hg cas bajsue`hargs.(^@M^_AM_GRR, ?>?>). Gj ujd bajig bajigrgj rgjb`d b`d wgo rgb rgb`gj `gjtg, tg, Hdj Ldcst Ldcstrae rae,, prg prgs`h s`hgjt gjtg g y BGA hg cd Ighgrdb`òj hg Gxpartdhargs hg Bdrjg hg Gstdhas Wj`has (WREGI), h`fa qug Gstd Gs tdha has s Wj Wj`h `has as gs gstä tä o`gj o`gj pa pas` s`b` b`aj ajdh dha a pd pdrd rd sdt dt`s `sid idbg bgrr gs gsd d hg hged edjh jhd, d, pdr drt` t`bu bucd cdre reg gjtg jtg gj Ds Ds`d `d.( .(^@ ^@M M^_ ^_A AM_G _GR RR, ?>? >?>) >).. Rgmö möj j hdta tas s hg hgcc Hgpdrtdegjta hg Dmr`bucturd hg cas Gstdhas Wj`has (WRHD) y baep`cdhas par  gc WREGI, cds gxpartdb`ajgs hg bdrjg hg bgrha hg cas Gstdhas Wj`has gstäj gj duegjta.(^@M^_AM_GRR, ?>?>). Ldcstrae sg bajbgjtrò gj cåjgds hg tgjhgjb`d gspgbåi`bds gj gc sgbtar hg sgrv`b`as hg dc`egjtas.(^@M^_AM_GRR. ?>?>). Gj cas Gstdhas Wj`has, cas oratgs hg Bav`h-40 ldj `epdbtdha s`mj`i`bdt`vdegjtg cas bdjdcgs hg sgrv`b`a hg dc`egjtas. dc`eg jtas. (^@M^ (^@M^_AM_G _AM_GRR. RR. ?>?> ?>?>).Cd ).Cd e`sed s`tud s`tudb`òj b`òj aburr`ò gj Ds`d, h`fa. –Y`eas ujd trgegjhd h`se`jub`òj gj gc jgmab`a hg sgrv`b`as hg dc`egjtas―, h`fa. –^gra dlard gstä baegjzdjha d rgbupgrdrsg baj cd mgjtg qug rgmrgsd d rgstdurdjtgs gj cumdrgs baea Lajm Kajm, Bl`jd y Xd`wäj―.(^@M^_AM_GRR, ?>?>). Gc dodstgb`e`gjta eujh`dc hg bdrjg gepgzò d pgc`mrdr, gj uj gp`sah`a eäs hg cas gigbtas hg cd pdjhge`d hg bav`h-40 (barajdv`rus), qug par atra cdha tdeo`àj digbtd dig btd d cd hge hgedj djhd. hd.(^d (^dttd ttdr`j r`ja, a, B. ?> ?>?>) ?>) Cd `jh `jhust ustr`d r`d bär bärj`b j`bd d hg Gst Gstdha dhas s Wj`has (GGWW) gs cd eäs degjdzdhd, par cd iugrzd baj qug ld pgmdha gc v`rus dccå y parqug gs uja hg cas pr`jb`pdcgs gxpartdhargs ‒fujta baj Ords`c‒ hg cd pratgåjd.(^dttdr`ja, B, ?>?>) Ords`c y GGWW saj cas has pr`jb`pdcgs gxpartdhargs eujh`dcgs hg bdrjg, par ca qug s` gc pra praocg ocged ed sg dmr dmrdv dvd d pug pughg hg trd trdgr gr baj bajsgb sgbugj ugjb`d b`ds s mrd mrdvgs vgs sao saorg rg gc baegrb`a.(^dttdr`ja, B. ?>?>) Cd prgabupdb`òj rgspgbta d cd gvacub`òj hg cd gjigreghdh gj Ords`c gs dctd.(^dttdr`ja, B, ?>?>) Cd gjt`hdh i`jdjb`grd lacdjhgsd _doaodjk djt`b`pò qug par gc tged hg Bav`h40 gj Bl`jd y cd idctd hg bgrhas gc egrbdha parbåbacd eujh`dc bajt`judrä hgsgstdo`c`zdjha gc baegrb`a.(Dbtudc`hdh parb`jd, ?>?>).  Ds`e`sea, hgjtra hg su `jiareg Dir`bdj Rw`jg Igvgr6 D Mcaodc Wphdtg (^gstg ^arb`j ^ar b`jd d Dir Dir`bd `bdjd6 jd6 Wjd Dbt Dbtudc udc`zd `zdb`ò b`òj j Mca Mcaodc odc)) sg `jh `jh`bò `bò qug gst gstg g gsb gsbgjd gjdr`a r`a bajt`judråd digbtdjha gc prabgsde`gjta eujh`dc hg bdrjg hg bgrha dc dosarogr  cd edyar pdrtg hg cds `epartdb`ajgs hgc dc`egjta.(Dbtudc`hdh parb`jd, ?>?>).

9

 

Cd br`s`s sdj`tdr`d pravabdhd par gc BAY@H-40 gstä digbtdjha dc sgbtar parb`ja, td tdjt jta a dc eg egrb rbdh dha a ird irdjb jbàs às ba baea ea dc `jtg `jtgrj rjdb db`a `ajd jdc.( c.(@J @JIA IA^A ^A_K _K,, ?> ?>?> ?>). ). Cd dbt` db t`v` v`hd hdh h hg cds cds ge gepr prgs gsds ds hg hgcc sg sgbt btar ar gs gstä tä gx gxpg pgr` r`eg egjt jtdj djha ha bd bdeo eo`a `as s s`mj`i`bdt`vas.(@JIA^A_K, ?>?>). Cas prgb`as hgc bgrha h`se`juygj hgo`ha d ujd egjar hgedjhd hg cas edtdhgras, digbtdhas par cd gsbdsgz hg edja hg aord y par cas praocgeds hg dbbgsa d cas egrbdhas gxtrdjfgras. D pgsdr hg cd iugrtg hgedjhd hg gxpartdb`òj d tgrbgras pdåsgs, gstas jugvas gcgegjtas c`e`tdj par gc eaegjta gc prgb`a hgc bgrha.(@JIA^A_K, ?>?>).

Hgsdi`as hg cd parb`jabucturd Dctd vacdt`c`hdh gj cas prgb`as hg cds edtgr`ds pr`eds Xrds cd dpdr`b`òj hgc v`rus gj Bl`jd, sg ld aosgrvdha ujd iugrtg vacdt`c`hdh gj cas prgb`as hg cas bgrgdcgs y sge`ccds y tartds acgdm`jasds.(2trgs2, ?>?>). Cd gxpdjs`òj hg cd gp`hge`d gj cds pr`jb`pdcgs zajds hg prahubb`òj y gxpartdb`òj hg edtgr`ds pr`eds (Gstdhas Wj`has, Ruhdeàr`bd, Edr Jgmra) ld gxdbgrodha cd vacdt`c`hdh hg cas prgb`as.(2trgs2, ?>?>).  Dhgeäs hg cas bgrgdcgs, gc barajdv`rus ld `epdbtdha `epdbtdha saorg cd camåst`bd eujh`dc hg cd safd y cd ldr`jd hg safd. Cds gxpartdb`ajgs ords`cgôds y drmgjt`jds sg vgj `jtgrruep` `jtgr ruep`hds hds par cds rgstr` rgstr`bb`a bb`ajgs jgs camås camåst`bds t`bds `epcgegj `epcgegjtdhd tdhds s pdrd c`e`tdr cd prapdmdb`òj hgc v`rus. Djtg gstds h`i`buctdhgs gj gc sue`j`stra, cas prgb`as hg cd ldr`jd hg safd gj gc egrbdha irdjbàs duegjtdraj (+ 44,2% gj has sgedjds gj gc egrbdha hg Eajta`r).(2trgs2, ?>?>).  Dc e`sea t`gepa, cd bdåhd gj cd hgedjhd hg dbg`tg vgmgtdc pdrd gc sgbtar hgc o`ah`gsgc pahråd bajhub`r d ujd rghubb`òj gj cd dbt`v`hdh hg cds tr`turdhards irdjbgsds y gurapgds, y gj bajsgbugjb`d d ujd bdåhd gj gc sue`j`stra hg tartd hg baczd y m`rdsac. ^ar gc eaegjta, ja ldy j`jmöj gigbta saorg cas prgb`as hg gstds edtgr`ds pr`eds.(2trgs2, ?>?>).  Dc `mudc qug cas lamdrgs dcedbgjdraj prahubtas oäs`bas, cd `jhustr`d hg cd dc`e dc`egj gjtd tdb` b`òj òj dj dj`e `edc dc ld ba bajs jstd tdtd tdha ha td tdeo eo`à `àj j uj ig igjò jòeg egja ja hg gx gxbg bgsa sa hg dcedbgjde`gjta hg gx`stgjb`ds par pdrtg hg cas mdjdhgras irdjbgsgs. D pgsdr  hg ujd camåst`bd saegt`hd d prgs`òj, ja ld ldo`ha gsbdsgz gj gc sue`j`stra pdr drd d cd `jhu `jhus str tr`d `d ir ird djbg bgs sd hg dc`e dc`egj gjtd tdb b`ò `òj j dj` j`ed edc. c. R`j ge geo odr drma ma,, cd h`spaj`o`c`hdh hg ldr`jd hg safd, qug hgpgjhg hg cds hgb`s`ajgs hg cas pdåsgs suhdegr`bdjas, gs uj pujta `epartdjtg d tgjgr gj bugjtd.(2trgs2, ?>?>).

Egrbdh Egr bdha a parb`j parb`ja6 a6 sg `jtgrr `jtgrruep uepgg cd rg rgbup bupgrd grdb`ò b`òj j hg cas prg prgb`a b`as, s, cds geprgsds ldbgj irgjtg d rgstr`bb`ajgs Gj uj bajtgxta hg gstdo`c`zdb`òj hg cd aigrtd gurapgd y hg iugrtg hgedjhd ds`ät`b ds`ä t`bd, d, cd cds s vd vdr` r`do docg cgs s iujh iujhde degj gjtd tdcg cgs s hg hgcc eg egrb rbdh dha a hg cd bd bdrj rjg g hg bg bgrh rha a idvargbgj cas prgb`as gcgvdhas.(2trgs2, ?>?>). R`j geodrma, cds h`i`buctdhgs =

 

camåst`bds pdrd dbbghgr d cas egrbdhas gxtrdjfgras y cd idctd hg edja hg aord gj cas edtdhgras gstäj aostdbuc`zdjha cd hgedjhd.(2trgs2, ?>?>). Hgspuàs hg duegjtas s`mj`i`bdt`vas gjtrg gjgra y igorgra, cas prgb`as gurapgas bdygraj orusbdegjtg gj edrza, pdrt`bucdregjtg gj Dcgedj`d y cas ^dåsgs Odfa Od fas. s. Ca Cas s prgb prgb`a `as s dcge dcgedj djgs gs y la lacd cdjh jhgs gsgs gs pg pgrh rh`g `gra raj j 40 y 47 bts/ bts/km km rgspgbt`vdegjtg gjtrg cd pr`egrd y cd öct`ed sgedjd hg edrza.(2trgs2, ?>?>). @custrdb`òj 4 ^rgb`a hgc bgrha gj h`vgrsas pdåsgs hg Gurapd (₣/km bdjdc).

Iugjtg6 @I@^ Cas edt edtdhg dhgras ras y pra prabgs bgsdh dharg args s gur gurapg apgas as gst gstäj äj trd trdtdj tdjha ha hg edj edjtgj tgjgr gr su dbt`v`hdh. R`j geodrma, armdj`zdr d cas gqu`pas sg gstä vacv`gjha bdhd vgz eäs eä s h`iå h`iåb` b`c. c. Dj Djtg tg gc r` r`gs gsma ma hg uj ujd d idct idctd d hg pg pgrs rsaj ajdc dc y cd cds s rg rgst str`b r`bb` b`aj ajgs gs dc eav`e`g eav` e`gjt jta, a, cds cds ge gepr prgs gsds ds vd vdj j ba bart rtds ds hg ed edja ja hg ao aord rd.(2 .(2trg trgs2 s2,, ?> ?>?> ?>). ).  Dcgedj`d y cas ^dåsgs Odfas sg vgj pdrt`bucdregjtg digbtdhds par gstg praocged hg edja hg aord yd qug dcmujas gepcgdhas ja puh`graj ccgmdr d sus cumdrgs hg trdodfa djtgs hgc baji`jde`gjta. Cds rghubb`ajgs s`mj`i`bdt`vds gj gc prgb`a prg b`a hgc bgr bgrha ha gst gstäj äj h`r h`rgbt gbtdeg degjtg jtg rgc rgcdb` db`ajd ajdhds hds baj gst gstds ds c`e c`e`td `tdb`a b`ajgs jgs.. (2trgs2, ?>?>).  Dc atra cdha hgc Dtcäjt`ba, cd c d br`s`s hgr`vdhd hg BAY@H-40 tdeo`àj gstä tgj`gjha uj mr mrdv dvg g `e `epd pdbt bta a gj gc eg egrb rbdh dha a pa parb rb`j `ja. a.(2 (2tr trgs gs2, 2, ?> ?>?> ?>). ). Ca Cas s ed edtd tdhg hgra ras s gstdhauj`hgjsgs gstäj gepgzdjha d gjirgjtdrsg d cas e`seas praocgeds hg pgrsaj pgr sajdc dc qug gj Gur Gurapd apd,, s` o`g o`gj j ujd ujds s egf egfarg args s ba bajh` jh`b`a b`ajgs jgs hg dbb dbbgsa gsa dc egrb eg rbdh dha a bl bl`j `ja a y cd do douj ujhd hdjt jtg g aigr aigrtd td cas cas dc dc`g `gjt jtd d d du dueg egjt jtdr dr dö döj j eä eäs s su dbt`v`hdh. R`j geodrma, cds geprgsds s`mugj hgpgjh`gjha hg cd edja hg aord <

 

hg hg ar`mgj egx`bdja, qug pughg vgrsg baepraegt`hd par cd idctd hg v`sds. (2trgs2, ?>?>). Cd gp`hge`d hg BAY@H-40 tdeo`àj gstä digbtdjha dc baegrb`a hg bdrjg y dj`edc dj` edcgs gs v`v v`vas as gj Gu Gurap rapd.( d.(2tr 2trgs2 gs2,, ?> ?>?>) ?>).. Cd idc idctd td hg trd trdjsp jspart art`st `stds ds gst gstä ä duegjtdjha cas bastas hg camåst`bd. Dhgeäs, cas t`gepas hg gspgrd gj cds irajtgrds saj cdrmas, baj träe`tgs dhe`j`strdt`vas dh`b`ajdcgs.(2trgs2, ?>?>).

±@jtgrrupb`ajgs ±@jtgrrupb`aj gs ttgepardcgs gepardcgs baj gigbtas hurdhgras1 Gc egrbdha parb`ja gj cas pròx`eas egsgs gstdrä `jicugjb`dha par uj cdha, par  cd aigrtd y cd hgedjhd mcaodcgs qug idvargbgj cas prgb`as dctas y, par atra cdha, par cds pgr pgrtur turodb odb`aj `ajgs gs dö döj j ods odstdj tdjtg tg `ep `eprgh rghgb` gb`ocg ocgs s hg hgcc BAY@HBAY@H-40 40 sao saorg rg gc baepartde`gjta hg cas bajsue`hargs, gc dbbgsa d egrbdhas gxtrdjfgras y cd baepgtgjb`d `jtgrjdb`ajdc.(2trgs2, ?>?>). Gj gc pr pr`e `egr gr sg sgeg egst strg rg hg ?> ?>?> ?>,, cd aigr aigrtd td gura gurapg pgd d hg bd bdrj rjg g hg bg bgrh rha a sg edjtgjhrä gstdocg, a `jbcusa c`mgrdegjtg supgr`ar hgo`ha d uj duegjta hgc pgsa hg cds bdjdcgs. Dc e`sea t`gepa, cas läo`tas dhaptdhas par cas gurapgas gj cds bajh`b`ajgs hg baji`jde`gjta pahrådj sgr idvardocgs pdrd dpaydr gc bajsuea hg bdrjg hg bgrha, sus prahubtas gstäj o`gj pas`b`ajdhas gj cds bae`hds gbajòe`bds y gj gc lamdr.(2trgs2, ?>?>). Gj rgcdb`òj baj cd gxpartdb`òj, sg gspgrdj `jtgrrupb`ajgs döj v`jbucdhds dc BAY@H-40 gj cds pròx`eds sgedjds. ^gra budjha Bl`jd vugcvd d cd dbt`v`hdh jaredc, cd hgedjhd sgmu`rä s`gjha `jtgjsd. ^ar ca tdjta, Bl`jd bajt`judrä `epartdjha, pgra duegjtdjha cd baepgtgjb`d gjtrg cd WG, cas Gstdhas Wj`has y Ords`c, pdrd bajtgjgr cas prgb`as.(2trgs2, ?>?>).  D cdrma pcdza, cd br`s`s tdeo`àj tdeo`àj pahråd edtgr`dc`zdrsg par gigbtas gigbtas dpdrgjtgegjtg bajtrdh`btar`as saorg cas läo`tas hg bajsuea.(2trgs2, ?>?>). ^ar uj cdha, cas jugvas läo`tas dhaptdhas mrdhudcegjtg par cas bajsue`hargs hurdjtg cd br`s`s pahrådj vacvgrsg pgredjgjtgs (baegrb`a gcgbtròj`ba, bae`hds prgpdrdhds gjtrgmdhds d hae`b`c`a).(2trgs2, ?>?>). Gstas `epdbtdrådj saorg cas eàtahas hg h`str`oub`òj d gxpgjsds hg cas pujtas hg vgjtd iås`bas y saorg cd aigrtd aig rtd hg pra prahub hubtas tas d idv idvar ar hg bae bae`hd `hds s prg prgpdr pdrdhd dhds, s, pra prahub hubtas tas gcd gcdoar oardha dhas s irgjtg d cd bdrjg irgsbd.(2trgs2, ?>?>). ^ar atra cdha, cas iugrtgs `epdbtas gbajòe`bas hg cd br`s`s sdj`tdr`d digbtdj saorg gc pahgr dhqu`s`t`va hg cas bajsue`hargs y gc prgb`a pahråd fumdr uj pdpgc `epartdjtg baea bcdvg pdrd cd dhqu`s`b`òj hg cas prahubtas y, baj gcca, cd rg rgmr mrgs gs`ò `òj j hg hgcc prgb prgb`a `a,, cds cds ed edrb rbds ds ocdj ocdjbd bds s y ca cas s ba bajb jbgp gpta tas s hg t` t`gj gjhd hds s hg hgsbugjta.(2trgs2, ?>?>).

0

 

Cd bd bdhg hgjd jd hg hgcc su sue` e`j` j`st stra ra hg ba bae` e`hd hd,, y gs gspg pgb` b`dc dceg egjt jtg g gc hg bd bdrj rjg, g, gs gstä tä eastrdjha s`mjas hg hgo`c`hdh gj Gstdhas Wj`has baj gc b`grrg hg ir`maråi`bas baea gc hg cd geprgsd bärj`bd FOR gj Mrggcgy, Bacardha, hajhg uj trdodfdhar  l`spdja hg =< dôas ld pgrh`ha cd v`hd par gc barajdv`rus.(BLDB_D, ?>?>). ^ar su pd ^ar pdrt rtg, g, s`jh s`jh`b `bdt dtas as y armd armdj` j`zd zdb` b`aj ajgs gs hg hgig igjs jsar ards ds hg e` e`mr mrdj djtg tgs s ld ldj j hgjujb hgj ujb`dh `dha a qug gep geprgs rgsds ds pra prabg bgsdh sdhard ards s hg bdr bdrjg, jg, bae baea a FOR WRD gst gstäj äj paj`gjha gj pgc`mra cd v`hd hg cas trdodfdhargs parqug gstäj ldb`jdhas y bdrgbgj hg edsbdr`ccds a mudjtgs.(BLDB_D, ?>?>). Gj tatdc, dc egjas 4? baepdôåds bärj`bds ldj djujb`dha gc b`grrg hg dcmujds hg sus `jstdcdb`ajgs gj Gstdhas Wj`has.(BLDB_D, ?>?>). Gc edyar prahubtar hg bdrjg hg bgrha hgc eujha b`grrd su pcdjtd par bdsas hg barajd bar ajdv`r v`rus us (BL (BLDB DB_D, _D, ?>? ?>?>). >). Re`tli`gch Iaahs, gc edyar prahubtar hg bdrjg hg bgrha hgc eujha, ld bgrrdha `jhgi`j`hdegjtg su pcdjtd hg prahubb`òj gj cd cabdc`hdh hg R`aux Idccs, gj Hdkatd hgc Rur, uja hg cas edyargs bgjtras hg prabgsdha hg bdrjg hg bgrha gj GGWW. Cd baepdôåd, qug taed gstd egh`hd trds hgtgbtdr ?>> bajtdm`dhas par barajdv`rus gj h`bld pcdjtd, dcgrtd hg uj brgb`gjtg r`gsma hg gsbdsgz hg gstg dc`egjta.(BLDB_D, ?>?>). –Gc b`grrg hg gstd `jstdcdb`òj, fujta baj cd brgb`gjtg c`std hg atrds pcdjtds hg pratgåjds qug ldj bgrrdha gj jugstra sgbtar, gstä gepufdjha d jugstra pdås pgc` pg c`mr mras asde degj gjtg tg bg bgrb rbd d hg hgcc cåe cåe`t `tg g gj tà tàre re`j `jas as hg su sue` e`j` j`st stra ra hg bd bdrj rjg― g―,, ld dcgrtdha gc prgs`hgjtg y bajsgfgra hgcgmdha hg Re`tli`gch, Kgjjgtl Rucc`vdj, pdrd qu`gj –gs `epas`ocg dodstgbgr d cas supgregrbdhas s` cds pcdjtds ja gstäj trdodfdjha―.(BLDB_D, ?>?>). Cd i`red, prap`ghdh hg cd bl`jd ]L Mraup, ld rgbarhdha qug cd `jstdcdb`òj digbtdhd par gc b`grrg gs ujd hg cds edyargs pcdjtds hg prabgsde`gjta hg bdrjg hg bgrha gj GGWW, rgspajsdocg hg gjtrg gc 8% y gc 7% hg cd prahubb`òj hg bdrjg parb`jd hgc pdås, baj ujas 2.==> gepcgdhas.(BLDB_D, ?>?>). Cd gep geprgs rgsd d sgm sgmu`rä u`rä pdmdj pdmdjha ha d sus ge gepcg pcgdha dhas s hur hurdjt djtg g cds has prò pròx`e x`eds ds sgedjds y ld gxprgsdha su baji`djzd gj camrdr gv`tdr –qug sg ujdj d cds i`cds hg hgbgjds hg e`ccajgs hg gstdhauj`hgjsgs hgsgepcgdhas gj taha gc pdås―. (BLDB_D, ?>?>).

^rgabupdb`òj ^rgabupdb`ò j gj cds mrdjfds Cas pra prahub hubtar targs gs hg bg bgrha rhas s tde tdeo`à o`àj j gst gstäj äj dtg dtgjta jtas s d bu budcq dcqu`g u`grr gst gstarj arjuha uha.. (_accdj, D, ?>?>).

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R` o`gj par dlard cd s`tudb`òj gj cas ir`maråi`bas mazd hg ougjd sdcuh, budcqu`gr  pdrd pd rdtg tg gj cds cds pcdj pcdjtd tds s pa parr cd dp dpdr dr`b `b`ò `òj j hg uj bd bdsa sa hg ba bara rajd jdv` v`ru rus s sg sgrå råd d baepc`bdha pdrd cd bdhgjd. (_accdj, D, ?>?>).  D h`igrgjb`d hgc jav`cca, buyd tgre`jdb`òj pdrd idgjd gs eäs icgx`ocg, gj gc bdsa hgc bgrha ja ldy iared hg rgtgjgrca eäs gj cds mrdjfds budjha ccgmd d cas 44> k`cas.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). ?>?>). –Gstdeas praodj praodjha ha dcdrmdr cds h h`gtds `gtds gjgrmàt`bds pdrd pracajmdr cd gstdhåd hg cas bdpajgs gj cds mrdjfds, pgra ja gs iäb`c―, dhe`t`ò uj prahubtar hgc jartg hg cd prav`jb`d, pdrd qu`gj ujd patgjb`dc pdrdc`zdb`òj gj cd idgjd sgråd –bdtdstròi`ba― pdrd cd prahubb`òj parb`jd. –Ja ldoråd hajhg pajgr  cas bgrhas―, h`egjs`ajò.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). Cds mrdjfds hg baji`jde`gjta saj s`stgeds prahubt`vas h`jäe`bas, sgegfdjtgs d cd ed edtr`z tr`z hg uj ujd d `jh `jhust ustr`d r`d,, haj hajhg hg sg pcd pcdj`i j`i`bd `bdj j y sg h`s h`sgôd gôdj j deo deo`gj `gjtgs tgs bajtracdhas pdrd gjtrgmdr dj`edcgs tgre`jdhas hg edjgrd rgmucdr.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). –Cas prabgsas sg pramrdedj y sg gsbdcajdj hg tdc edjgrd qug tahds cds sgedjds ldy `jsge`jdb`ajgs, pdrtas, hgstgtgs, bdeo`as hg idsg y sdc`hd hg dj`edcgs.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). Gstg gsbdcajde`gjta ldbg qug sg pramrdegj cds vgjtds par sgedjd y j`jmöj gstdocgb`e`gjta gstä h`egjs`ajdha pdrd pahgr  rg rgtg tgjg jgrr dj dj`e `edc dcgs gs―, ―, ds dsgm gmur urd d Ed Edrb rbas as Xa Xarr rrgs gs,, pr prgs gs`h `hgj gjtg tg hg cd Bä Bäed edrd rd hg ^rahubtargs ^arb`jas hg Bòrhaod (Bdppbar).(_accdj, D, ?>?>). ^gra cd budrgjtgjd ld bdeo`dha cd rut`jd gj cds mrdjfds. Djtg cd `epas`o`c`hdh hg vgjhgr tahas cas bdpajgs, buya prgb`a v`va bdyò 4>,7 par b`gjta hgshg gjgra ldstd cd igbld, cas prahubtargs gstäj aoc`mdhas d rgtgjgrcas.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). Gstd depc`db`òj hg cd gstdhåd hg cas bgrhas ldbg qug cas gspdb`as pdsgj d sgr  hgi`b` hgi `b`tdr tdr`as `as,, ba baj j cas `jb `jbajv ajvgj` gj`gjt gjtgs gs qug mgj mgjgrd grd pdr pdrd d cas jug jugvas vas dj dj`ed `edcgs cgs.. –_gbarhgeas qug cds bgrhds t`gjgj 447 håds hg mgstdb`òj, ca budc `ep`hg cd `jtgrrupb`òj hgc b`bca. Rg trdtd hg uj s`stged hg icufa hg dj`edcgs bajstdjtg―, gxpc`bò Xarrgs.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). Odrjgy ^awgcc t`gjg 7>> edhrgs gj prahubb`òj odfa uj s`stged `jtgjs`va gj cd zajd hg Ogjmacgd (hgpdrtdegjta Fuärgz Bgcedj, gj gc bgjtra-sur prav`jb`dc). (_accdj, D. ?>?>). _gbajabg gstdr pdsdjha par uj eaegjta bråt`ba dc ja pahgr  sdbdr cas bgrhas hg su mrdjfd.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). ^awgcc dhaptò ujd gstrdtgm`d jutr`b`ajdc pdrd bdpgdr cd gegrmgjb`d6 odfdr cas dpartg dpa rtgs s pra pratg` tg`bas bas d cds rdb rdb`aj `ajgs gs pdr pdrd d hgs hgsdbg dbgcgr cgrdr dr cds mdj mdjdjb djb`ds `ds hg pg pgsa. sa. _ghufa cd iugjtgs pratg`bds y s`j gc dmrgmdha, par dlard, hg i`ord.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). Gj cds rdb rdb`aj `ajgs gs hg edj edjtgj tgj`e`g `e`gjta jta sg h`s h`se`j e`juy uygj gj cas dpa dpartg rtgs s hg pra pratgå tgåjd, jd, pr`jb`pdcegjtg ldr`jd y dbg`tg hg safd, y sg duegjtdj cas j`vgcgs hg i`ord pdrd

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edjtgjgr cas bajsueas h`dr`as y gv`tdr gstràs gj cas dj`edcgs. (_accdj, D, ?>?>). –Baj cas cgblajgs, cd baepgtgjb`d par gc gspdb`a ja gs tdj praocgeät`bd; cd h`i`buctdh duegjtd gj cds gtdpds hg tgre`jdb`òj hajhg gc gspdb`a gs egjar y ldy pgcgds par cumdr gj baeghgras y “blupgtgs‐ hg dmud―, aosgrvd gc Y`tdcg. (_accdj, D, ?>?>). Hgshg Bdppbar dsgmurdj qug hgo`ha dc Bav`h-40 h`se`juyò cd hgedjhd hg bdrjg bdr jg par parb`j b`jd d par gc b`g b`grrg rrg hg rgs rgstdu tdurdj rdjtgs tgs,, cd ja rgd rgdc`z c`zdb` db`òj òj hg gvg gvgjta jtas s sab`dcgs y cd pdrdc`zdb`òj hg cd latgcgråd y hgc tur`sea.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). Cd h`se`jub`òj gj bdjt`hdh hg bdjdcgs hg bajsuea `epdbtò gj cd vgjtd hg bartgs irgsbas, d ca qug sg sueò cd egjar hgedjhd gstdb`ajdc pdrd i`deorgs g `jhustr`d.(_accdj, D, ?>?>). Cd prahubb`òj hg bdrjg parb`jd pahråd bdgr cgvgegjtg par pr`egrd vgz gj cd öct`ed hàbdhd, yd qug cds edyargs gxpartdb`ajgs ja sgräj sui`b`gjtgs pdrd baepgjsdr ujd egred hgc bajsuea `jtgrja.(DmraJad, ?>?>.)

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Bajbcus`ajgs  

 Djtg cd pdjhge`d hg cd gjigreghdh par barajdv`rus, cds gbajaeåds sg b`grrdj y pdrdc`zdj, gsta t`gjg gigbtas jgmdt`vas d barta y cdrma pcdza gj cd aigrtd y hgedjhd hg prahubtas hg h`igrgjtg åjhacg, gj gstg bdsa hg cas cas pr prah ahub ubta tas s bä bärj rj`b `bas as,, gs gspg pgbå båi` i`bd bdeg egjt jtg g hg cd bd bdrj rjg g hg bg bgrh rha. a. Gc d`scde`gjta sab`dc baea egh`hd pdrd gjirgjtdr cd pdjhge`d digbtd cd dbt` db t`v` v`hd hdh h gb gbaj ajòe òe`b `bd d pu pugs gs hg hgsd sdbg bgcg cgrd rd a `j `jtg tgrru rruep epg g ta tatd tdce cegj gjtg tg cd prahubb`òj. Cd pdjhge`d hg Bav`h 40, gstä digbtdha cd prahubb`òj parb`jd, gsta hgo`h hg o`ha a d cas ocaqu ocaqugas gas hg bdr bdrrgt rgtgrd grds, s, qug h`i`b h`i`buct uctdj dj gc db dbbgs bgsa a d cas mrdjas pdrd cd rdb`òj dj`edc y tdeo`àj gc baegrb`a hg cd bdrjg e`sed, ujd h`se`jub`òj hg edja hg aord, y b`grrg hg geprgsds prabgsdhards hg bdrjg hgo`ha d bajtdm`as. ^ar atra cdha, gc bajsuea ld s`ha digbtdha par gc b`grrg hg rgstdurdjtgs, cd ja rgdc`zdb`òj hg gvgjtas sab`dcgs y cd pdrdc`zdb`òj hg cd latgcgråd y tur`sea.

 

Cas hgsdiåas d cas qug sg gjirgjtdj cas parb`jabuctargs saj6 idctd hg sue`j` sue `j`str stras as a edt edtgr` gr`ds ds pr` pr`eds eds pdr pdrd d cds rdb rdb`aj `ajgs gs dc` dc`eg egjt`b jt`b`ds `ds hg cas bgrhas, h`i`buctdhgs camåst`bds pdrd dbbghgr d egrbdhas gxtrdjfgras, idctd hg edja hg aord, h`se`jub`òj hg cas prgb`as hg cd bdrjg hg bgrha, duegjta hg cas bastas hg camåst`bd, hgogräj dhdptdrsg dc bdeo`a hg läo`tas hg bajsuea qug pahrådj sgr pgredjgjtgs (baegrb`a gcgbtròj`ba, bae`hd bae `hds s prg prgpdr pdrdhd dhds, s, gj gjtrg trgmds mds d hae hae`b` `b`c`a c`a), ), due duegjt gjta a hg bas bastas tas pdr pdrd d `epcgegjtdr egh`hds sdj`tdr`ds qug gv`tgj bajtdm`as gj gc pgrsajdc, bdeo bd eo`a `a hg rut` rut`jd jd gj cds cds mrdj mrdjfd fds s dj djtg tg cd `e `epa pas` s`o` o`c` c`hd hdh h hg vgj vgjtd td,, y eah`i`bdb`òj hg cd dc`egjtdb`òj hgo`ha d qug hgogj rgtgjgr par eäs t`gepa d cas bgrhas.

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O`oc`amrdiåd. AER(Armdj`zdb`aj eujh`dc hg cd sdcuh.?>?>. ^rgmujtds y rgspugstds saorg cd gjigreghdh par barajdv`rus.(Gj c`jgd). bajsuctdha gc ?0 hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spajoccg H`spa joccg gj6 gj6lttps6//www.wla.`jt/gs/gegrm lttps6//www.wla.`jt/gs/gegrmgjb`gs/h`sgdsgs/j gjb`gs/h`sgdsgs/javgc-barajdv`rusavgc-barajdv`rus?>40/dhv`bg-iar-puoc`b/q-d-barajdv`rusgs BG^DC( Bae`s`aj gbajae`bd pdrd degr`bd cdt`jd y gc bdr`og).?>?>. Degr`bd cdt`jd cdt `jd y gc bd bdr`o r`og g djt djtg g cd pd pdjhg jhge`d e`d hgc BAY BAY@H@H-40; 40; Gig Gigbta btas s gb gbaja ajae`b e`bas as y sab` sa b`dc dcgs gs.( .( Gj c`jg c`jgd) d).. ba bajs jsuc uctd tdha ha gc ?0 hg ed edya ya hg hgcc ?> ?>?> ?>.. H` H`sp spaj aj`o `ocg cg gj6 gj6 lttps6//rgpas`tar`a.bgpdc.arm/o`tstrgde/ldjhcg/4429?/8 lttps6//rgpas`tar`a.bgpdc.arm/o `tstrgde/ldjhcg/4429?/8722=/9/R?>>>?98 722=/9/R?>>>?98Qgs.phi  Qgs.phi  Edsprahubb`aj.?>?>. ^djhge`d y cd dbt`v`hdh parb`jd; _gbaegjhdb`ajgs hgc @J @JXD XD.( .(Gj Gj c`jg c`jgd) d).. Ba Bajs jsuc uctd tdha ha gc ?0 hg ed edya ya hg hgcc ?>?> ?>?>.. H`sp H`spaj aj`o `ocg cg gj gj66 lttp6//edsprahubb`aj.bae/pdjhge`d-y-cd-dbt`v`hd lttp6//edsprahubb`aj.b ae/pdjhge`d-y-cd-dbt`v`hdh-parb`jd-rgbaegjhd h-parb`jd-rgbaegjhdb`ajgsb`ajgshgc-`jtd/ IDA( ID A( Ar Armd mdj` j`zd zdb` b`aj aj hg cds cds Jd Jdb` b`aj ajgs gs Wj Wj`h `hds ds pd pdrd rd cd Dc Dc`e `egj gjtd tdb` b`aj aj y cd  Dmr`bucturd).?>?>. Jugvd gjigreghdh gjigreghdh par barajdv`rus.( Gj c`jgd). Bajsuctdha Bajsuctdha gc ?0 hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spaj`ocg gj6  lttp6//www.ida.arm/?>40-jbav/gs/ IDA( Ar IDA( Armd mdj` j`zd zdb` b`aj aj hg cds cds Jd Jdb` b`aj ajgs gs Wj Wj`h `hds ds pd pdrd rd cd Dc Dc`e `egj gjtd tdb` b`aj aj y cd  Dmr`bucturd).?>?>. ^rgmujtds irgbugjtgs6 pdjhge`d hgc BAY@H-40, su `epdbta gj cd dc`egjtdb`òj y cd dmr`bucturd.(Gj cjgd). Bajsuctdha gc ?0 hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spaj`ocg gj6 lttp6//www.ida.arm/?>40-jbav/q-djh-d/`epdbt-aj-iaah-d lttp6//www.ida.arm/?>40-jba v/q-djh-d/`epdbt-aj-iaah-djh-dmr`bucturg/gs/ jh-dmr`bucturg/gs/ _gv`stds _gv`st ds gji gjids` ds`s. s. ?>? ?>?>. >. Bu Budc dc gs gc `ep `epdbt dbta a hgc bar barajd ajdv`r v`rus us gj cd `jh `jhust ustr`d r`d bdrj`bd.( Gj c`jgd). Bajsuctdha gc ?= hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spaj`ocg gj6 lttp6//www.dc`egjtdb`aj.gjids`s.bae/jatds/ lttp6//www.dc`egjtdb`aj.gjid s`s.bae/jatds/-budc-gs-gc-`epdbta-hgc-budc-gs-gc-`epdbta-hgcbarajdv`rus-cd-`jhustr`d-bdrj`bd ^@M^_AM_GRR. ^@M^_AM_GR R. ?>?> ?>?>.. ^ark hgedjh rged`js straj strajm m hgsp hgsp`tg `tg Bav` Bav`h-40. h-40.(( Gj c`jgd). Bajsuctdha gc ?0 hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spaj`ocg gj6 lttps6//www.p`mpramrgss.jgt/]arch-ai-^`ms4/Drt`bcgs/?>?>/8/^ark-hgedjhrged`js-strajm-hgsp`tg-Bav`h-40-7999?>. Cd pdjhge`d hgc bav`h-40 pajg gj pgc`mra cd prahubb`aj hg bdrj bd rjg g d j`vg j`vgcc eu eujh jh`d `dc.( c.( Gj c`jg c`jgd) d).. Ba Bajs jsuc uctd tdha ha gc ?0 hg ed edya ya hg hgcc ?>?> ?>?>.. H` H`sp spaj aj`o `ocg cg gj gj66 lttps6//www.dmrajgmab` lttps6//www.dmrajgmab`as.ba/mdjdhgr`d/cd-pdj as.ba/mdjdhgr`d/cd-pdjhge`d-hgc-bav`hhge`d-hgc-bav`h40-pajg-gj-pgc`mra-cd-prahubb`aj-hg-bdrjg-d-j 40-pajg-gj-pgc`mra-cd-p rahubb`aj-hg-bdrjg-d-j`vgc-eujh`dc-?008=24 `vgc-eujh`dc-?008=24  Dbtudc`hdh parb`jd. ?>?>. Bav`h-40; Egrbdha parb`bacd eujh`dc pahr`d sgr  digbtd dig btdha. ha. (Gj c`jgd) c`jgd).. Baj Bajsuc suctdh tdha a gc ?0 hg edy edya a hg hgcc ?>? ?>?>. >. H`s H`spaj paj`oc `ocg g gj6

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lttps6//dbtudc`hdhparb`jd.bae/bav`h-40-egrbdha-parb`bacd-eujh`dc-pahr lttps6//dbtudc`hdhparb`jd.bae/bav`h-40-egrbdh a-parb`bacd-eujh`dc-pahr`d-sgr`d-sgrdigbtdha/ @JIA^A_K. ?>?>. Baea digbtd gc bav`h-40 d cas egrbdhas `jtgrjdb`ajdcgs hgc bgrh bg rha. a.(G (Gj j c`jg c`jgd) d).. Ba Bajs jsuc uctd tdha ha gc ?0 hg ed edya ya hg hgcc ?> ?>?> ?>.. H` H`sp spaj aj`o `ocg cg gj gj66 lttps6//`jiapark.bae/?>?>/>8/baea-digbtd-gc-bav`h-4 lttps6//`jiapark.bae/?>? >/>8/baea-digbtd-gc-bav`h-40-d-cas-egrbdhas0-d-cas-egrbdhas`jtgrjdb`ajdcgs-hgc-bgrha/ 2trgs2. ?>?> 2trgs2. ?>?>.. BAY@H BAY@H-40; -40; `jbgrt`hue `jbgrt`hueorgs orgs y pgrtu pgrturodb rodb`ajgs `ajgs gj cas egrb egrbdhas dhas parb`j par b`jas. as. ( Gj c`jgd) c`jgd).. Baj Bajsu suctd ctdha ha gc ?< hg edy edya a hg hgcc ?>?>. ?>?>. H`spa H`spaj`o j`ocg cg gj6 lttps6//www.2trgs2.bae/drt`bucas/bav`h-40-`jbgrt`hueorg lttps6//www.2trgs2.bae/drt`bu cas/bav`h-40-`jbgrt`hueorgs-y-pgrturodb`ajgs-gjs-y-pgrturodb`ajgs-gjcas-egrbdhas-parb`jasQ889==/ BLDB_D. ?>?>. Gc barajdv`rus dtgjtd bajtrd cd bdhgjd hg dodstgb`e`gjta g bae`hd hg Gstdhas Wj`has. ( Gj c`jgd). Bajsuctdha gc ?0 hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spaj`ocg gj6 lttps6//www.rgv`stdbldbrd.bae.dr/jatd/2270?>. Gc edyar prahubtar hg bdrjg hg bgrha b`grrd su pcdjtd par  barajdv`rus. ( Gj c`jgd). Bajsuctdha gc ?0 hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spaj`ocg gj6 lttps6//www.rgv`stdbldbrd.bae.dr/jatd/22797-gc-edy lttps6//www.rgv`stdbldbrd .bae.dr/jatd/22797-gc-edyar-prahubtar-hg-bdrjg-hgar-prahubtar-hg-bdrjg-hgbgrha-b`grrd-su-pcdjtd-par-barajdv`rus/ _accdj, D. ?>?>. Cd dmra`jhustr`d bae`gjzd d tgjgr sus mrupas hg r`gsma. ( Gj c`jgd). Bajsuctdha gc ?< hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spaj`ocg gj6 lttp6//dmravaz.cdvaz.bae.dr/dbtudc`hdh/dmra`jhus lttp6//dmravaz.cdvaz.b ae.dr/dbtudc`hdh/dmra`jhustr`d-bae`gjzd-d-tgjgr-sustr`d-bae`gjzd-d-tgjgr-susmrupas-hg-r`gsma _accdj, D. ?>?>. Drr`jbajdhas; Gc bav`h-40 baepc`bd cd sdc`hd hg cas bgrhas hgshg cds mrdjfds. ( Gj c`jgd). Bajsuctdha gc ?< hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spaj`ocg gj6 lttp6//dmravaz.cdvaz.b lttp6//dmravaz.cdvaz.bae.dr/mdjdhgr`d/drr`jbajd ae.dr/mdjdhgr`d/drr`jbajdhas-bav`h-40-baepc`b has-bav`h-40-baepc`bddsdc`hd-hg-bgrhas-hgshg-mrdjfds  DmraJad. ?>?>. Dhv`grtgj qug cd prahubb`aj prahubb`aj hg bdrjg parb`jd pahr`d h`se`juu`r  gj ?>?>. ( Gj c`jgd). Bajsuctdha gc ?< hg edya hgc ?>?>. H`spaj`ocg gj6 lttp6//www.dmrajad.bae.dr/jat`b`dsQhgsb.plp1 lttp6//www.dmrajad.bae.dr/ja t`b`dsQhgsb.plp1`h5272?=&bdt`h5? `h5272?=&bdt`h5?

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