Proceso de Hominización

 

G\Á@ IL @V]LHIOR@BL H¶ 9 OHZYOY\JOÚH LI\J@YO^@ K@Z NKD]LZ À]L@2 JOLHJO@Z ZDJO@KLZ @ZOGH@Y\]@2 COZYD]O@ VL]ODID H¶0 LZY\IO@HYL2 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTG]@ID2 >¶TTTT IDJLHYL2 _OAO VD]YOKKD V\LHYLZ NLJC@2 ITTT ATTT @ÐD2 =6=6 YLA@2 Vrdjlsd il Cdaohoz`joúh y Lvdkujoúh il kds Zlrls Cua`hds YOLAVD V]L^OZYD2 0=6 Aohutds LZYÀHI@] MÀZOJD IL JDAVLYLHJO@2 @h`koz` kds kds `spljtds `spljtds jlhtr`kls jlhtr`kls ilk ilk prdjlsd prdjlsd il cdaohoz`joúh y ilk ils`rrdkkd tljhdkúgojd i`ids iur`htl k` prlcostdro`, p`r` lxpkoj`r k`s tr`hsndra`jodhls ilk lhtdrhd. IM@2 @h`koz` kds kds `spljtds `spljtds jlhtr`kls jlhtr`kls ilk ilk prdjlsd prdjlsd il cdaohoz`joúh cdaohoz`joúh y ilk ils`rrdkkd ils`rrdkkd tljhdkúgojd tljhdkúgojd i`ids iur`htl k` prlcostdro`, p`r` lxpkoj`r k`s tr`hsndra`jodhls ilk lhtdrhd. L^OILHJO@ IL @V]LHIOR@BL2 Ionlrlhjo` k`s j`r`jtlrástoj`s nosodkúgoj`s y `h`túaoj`s prlslhtls lh kds `ustr`kdpotcljus, cdad c`mokos, cdad lrljtus, cdad hl`hilrtc`klhsos y cdad s`polhs s`polhs, rljdhdjolhid kds n`jtdrls qul ohjoiolrdh lh lstds j`amods.

0. OHY] OHY]DI DI\J \JJO JOÚH ÚH22

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@JL] @JL]J@ J@ IL K@ OA OA@G @GLH LH22 ´Puï ionlrlhjo`s dmslrv`s lhtrl lk proalr cdamrl il k` oa`glh y lk òktoad4 ´Júad lxpkoj` k` Momko` lk droglh il k` cua`hoi`i4 ´Vdr quï jrlls qul lk t`a`ðd ilk jràhld v` `ualht`hid4 (slgòh lk grànojd)

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Z@ML Z@ML]L ]LZ Z V] V]L^ L^OD ODZ2 Z2 ´Juàkls sdh k`s jolhjo`s `uxoko`rls il k` prlcostdro`4 ´Juàkls sdh k`s jolhjo`s `uxoko`rls il k` costdro`4

=. JDH JDHZY] ZY]\JJ \JJOÚH OÚH JDH JDHJLV JLVY\@ Y\@K2 K2

K@ CDAOHOR@JOÚH K` p`k`mr` cdaohoz`joúh sl utokoz` lh ids slhtoids2 lk proalrd c`jl alhjoúh ` k` lvdkujoúh il k` lspljol cua`h` y lk dtrd, c`jl rlnlrlhjo`, ` k` ionlrlhjo`joúh lhtrl k` lspljol cua`h` y kds ilaàs proa`tls. @k ogu`k qul dtrds slrls vovds, kds slrls cua`hds c`h lvdkujodh`id ` p`rtor il dtr`s lspljols aàs `htogu`s. Zo dmslrv`ads molh, lhtrl tdids kds `hoa`kls, kds cua`hds y kds soaods sdh kds aàs p`rljoids, t`htd lh k` ndra` ilk jràhld jdad lh lk násojd5 t`amoïh, lh dtr`s j`r`jtlrástoj`s aàs plqulð`s jdad k` j`rlhjo` il jdk`. Zl lvoilhjo` qul t`htd lk cdamrl jdad lk soaod volhlh il uh `hjlstrd jdaòh, sdkd qul c`h sunroid iostohtds prdjlsds lvdkutovds, pdr lkkd kds j`amods qul sl dmslrv`h.  @ pls`r ilk tolapd qul c` p`s`id, p`s`id, `òh `òh sl jdhslrv`h jdhslrv`h `kguhds `kguhds r`sgds r`sgds il hulstrd hulstrds s `htlp`s`ids, `htlp`s`ids, qul qul pdjd ` pdjd c`h oid ils`p`rljolhid pdr su n`kt` il utokoi`i5 pdr lblapkd, lk `mukt`aolhtd il k` nrlhtl qul prdtlgá` kds dbds il k` kuz sdk`r d k` j`htoi`i il vlkkds il uh` plrsdh` lh su julrpd, puls `htls c`mrá` slrvoid p`r` prdtlglrsl ilk nrád y lh k` `jtu`koi`i ls ohhljls`rod.

 

D]OGLH _ L^DK\JOÚH ILK CDAM]L K` costdro` ilk slr cua`hd  ls auy `apko`, solhid uh k`rgd j`aohd lk qul c`h tlhoid qul p`s`r hulstrds `htlp`s`ids p`r` lvdkujodh`r c`st` kd qul sdads cdy lh iá`. Lk slr cua`hd ls lk rlsukt`id il sogkds y sogkds il lvdkujoúh il lspljols, soh k` ju`k hd lxostorá` lk cdad s`polhs.

D]OGLH ILK ZL] C\A@HD Lk droglh ilk slr cua`hd sl pulil musj`r c`jl aujcds sogkds solhid jdhsljulhjo` il uh klhtd y k`rgd prdjlsd il j`amods. Zl ilml tlhlr lh julht` qul, ogu`k qul tdids kds slrls vovds, kds `hoa`kls y k`s pk`ht`s, pdr lblapkd, kds slrls cua`hds prdvlhoads il k`s jro`tur`s aàs soapkls il k` costdro` ilk pk`hlt` juy` lvdkujoúh c` cljcd qul lvdkujodh`r`h c`st` kklg`r ` hulstr` lspljol.  @v`hz`hid  @v`hz`h id uh pdjd pdjd aàs lh lh lk tolapd, tolapd, sl jrll jrll qul lk lk slr cua`hd cua`hd prdvolhl prdvolhl il kds kds `htrdpdoils, `htrdpdoils, ls iljor, il kds gr`hils adhds. Kds lstuiodsds jrllh qul c`jl  3 aokkdhls il `ðds  lxostoú uh `hjlstrd jdaòh lhtrl kds `htrdpdoils y hulstr` lspljol ilmoid ` qul kds ids grupds jdap`rtoads j`r`jtlrástoj`s auy p`rljoi`s. \h tolapd ilspuïs, `p`rljolrdh kds proalrds proa`tls cdaáhoids , ls iljor, uh grupd il proa`tls j`r`jtlroz`ids pdr su pdsojoúh mápli` y pdr or lrguoids. Lst` jk`sl il proa`tls sdh jdhsoilr`ids jdad `hjlstrds ilk slr cua`hd, solhid k`s proalr`s lspljols qul pdslylrdh uh` j`r`jtlrástoj` t`h cua`h` jdad ls k` pdsojoúh lrguoi` y lk `hi`r máplid. Vdr kd t`htd pdilads iljor qul lk droglh ilk slr cua`hd ls, jdad lk il tdids kds slrls vovds, lk il k`s proalr`s m`jtlro`s il hulstrd pk`hlt`. Vlrd kds proalrds `htlp`s`ids lh kds qul vlads j`r`jtlrástoj`s jdauhls, sdh lh alhdr alioi` kds `htrdpdoils y lh a`ydr alioi` kds cdaáhoids.

K` lvdkujoúh ilk cdamrl2 tdi`s k`s lspljols il hulstrds `htlp`s`ids V`r` jdhtohu`r jdh lst` kljjoúh sdmrl lk droglh y lvdkujoúh ilk cdamrl rlsualh, ilmlads c`mk`r sdmrl k`s iostoht`s lspljols `htlp`s`i`s ilk slr cua`hd qul c`h oid lvdkujodh`hid c`st` kklg`r `k cdad s`polhs. Lh uh prohjopod, kds `htlp`s`ids ilk slr cua`hd tolhlh pdj`s ju`koi`ils slalb`htls plrd, ju`htd aàs hds `jlrj`ads `k cdad s`polhs, a`ydrls sdh k`s slalb`hz`s.

 

@ustr`kdpotcljus Zl jdhsoilr`h kds proalrds cdaáhoids il hulstrd pk`hlt`  y, pdr kd t`htd, `htlp`s`ids ilk slr cua`hd. K` a`ydr ionlrlhjo` il lst`s lspljols jdh dtrd s proa`tls il k` aosa` ïpdj` ls su pdsojoúh lrguoi`, su j`p`joi`i il advoaolhtd mápli` y k` pdslsoúh il uh` a`hiámuk` p`rljoi` ` k` hulstr`. Kds @ustr`kd Kds  @ustr`kdpotcljus potcljus idaoh`rdh su tlrrotdrod iur`htl aokkdhls il `ðds, c`st` qul uh` slrol il lvlhtds kls cozd lvdkujodh`r c`jo` ids topds il lspljols. Kds V`r`htcrdpus, qul m`s`rdh su `koalht`joúh lh k` ohglst` il vlglt`kls, y kds Cdads, kds ju`kls tlhá`h uh` iolt` m`s`i` lh k` j`rhl. Il k`s ids lspljols hds ohtlrls` aujcd aàs k` il kds Cdads, solhid hulstrds `htlp`s`ids.

Cdad c`mokos \hd il kds proalrds Cdads, c`mot`hid lk pk`hlt` c`jl `krlilidr il =,9 aokkdhls il `ðds. Zl j`r`jtlroz` pdr slr j`p`z il jrl`r ohstrualhtds soapkls il polir`, pdr uh `ualhtd jr`hl`k rlspljtd `k @ustr`kdpotcljus y pdr slr j`p`z il j`aoh`r il ndra` mápli` aujcd albdr qul sus `htljlsdrls.

Cdad ruidknlhsos \h` lspljol t`h p`rljoi` `k Cdad c`mokos qul aujcds lstuiodsds jdhsoilr`h qul rl`kalhtl sdh k` aosa` lspljol, c`mot`hid lh ïpdj`s p`rljoi`s lh lk pk`hlt`. Zl ionlrlhjo` ilk Cdad c`mokos lh uh` j`r` aàs pk`h` y lh k` prlslhjo` il j`hohds aàs gr`hils.

Cdad lrljtus Lst` lspljol nul ilsjlhiolhtl ilk Cdad c`mokos, vovolhid lhtrl 0.3 aokkdhls il `ðds y :66.666 `tràs. Lk Cdad lrljtus nul j`p`z il s`kor il Ànroj`, jruz`hid ` dtrds jdhtohlhtls jdad Lurdp`. Zl j`r`jtlroz`m` pdr slr j`p`z il jrl`r ohstrualhtds aujcd aàs jdapklbds qul kds ilk Cdad c`mokos. Y`amoïh nul uh` il k`s proalr`s lspljols il Cdad lh sdjo`koz`r jdh dtrds slrls il su aosa` jk`sl.

Cdad hl`hilrtc`kos Kds jdhdjoids jdad hl`hilrt`kls, solhid uh` il k`s lspljols aàs jdhdjoi`s pdr k` glhtl. Zl jrll qul puiolr` slr ilsjlhiolhtl ilk Cdad lrljtus. Lst` lspljol lst`m` j`r`jtlroz`i` pdr uh` gr`h c`mokoi`i p`r` k` jrl`joúh il clrr`aolht`s y dtrds `rtájukds qul k`s `htlrodrls lspljols hd lr`h j`p`jls il n`mroj`r.

Cdad s`polhs Ydi`s lst`s lspljols nulrdh lvdkujodh`hid, tlholhid j`i` vlz ju`koi`ils aàs p`rljoi`s ` k`s hulstr`s, y tr`s aokkdhls il `ðds jdhsoguolrdh lvdkujodh`r c`st` jdhvlrtorsl lh hulstr` lspljol, kds Cdad s`polhs. Kds Cdad s`polhs nulrdh j`p`jls il lxtlhilrsl pdr tdids kds jdhtohlhtls, solhid aujcd aàs c`mokoidsds qul k`s `htlrodrls lspljols y jrl`hid clrr`aolht`s qul ohjkusd kds hl`hilrt`kls lr`h ohj`p`jls il n`mroj`r.

:. @J @JYO YO^O ^OI@ I@I I OHIO^ OHIO^OI OI\@ \@K K 0. Jdapklt` lk soguolhtl tlxtd2 ´Júad lvdkujodhú lk cdamrl4 Lh tdi` k` costdro` il k` cua`hoi`i, k` Vrlcostdro` ls k` qul `m`rjú aàs tolapd, puls iurú ids aokkdhls il `ðds y jdaprlhioú ilsil k` TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT c`st` k` `p`rojoúh il k` TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT. K` Vrlcostdro` sl iovoil lh ids lt`p`s2 lk TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT qul soghonoj` polir` `htogu` y lk  TTTTTTTTTTTTTT  TTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTT qul qul soghonoj` soghonoj` polir` polir` hulv`. hulv`.

 

Kds cdamrls iur`htl k` lt`p` ilk V`kldkátojd nulrdh TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT, ilmoid ` qul sus `jtovoi`ils ljdhúaoj`s proadrio`kls lr`h k` TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT, TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT y k`  TTTTTTTTTTTTTT  TTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTT. TTTTT. Aolhtr`s lh k` lt`p` ilk Hldkátojd sl prdiubd uh j`amod, puls sl vdkvolrdh TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT y nul gr`jo`s ` k` idalstoj`joúh il pk`ht`s y `hoa`kls.

=. ´Puï cozd pdsomkl k` cdaohoz`joúh4 ]lk`jodh` jdh nkljc`s il jdkdrls

:. ´Puï ls k` cdaohoz`joúh4 9. ´Puï ls uh cdaáhoid4