PROCESADORES CUANTICOS

PROCESADORES CUANTICOS

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QUE ES LA COMPUTACION CUANTICA A diferencia de sus contrapart contrapartes es binarias, los procesadores cuánticos aprovechan las más increíbles propiedades del mundo subatómico para llevar a cabo su magia. Los dispositivos que basan su funcionamiento en la mecánica cuántica son capaces de estar al mismo tiempo en una cantidad teóricamente infinita de estados, lo que los hace ideales para resolver algunos tipos de problemas prácticamente inabordables

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ORIGEN DE LA COMPUTACION CUANTICA A medida que evoluciona la tecnología, aumenta la escala de integración y caben más transistores en el mismo espacio; así se fabrican microchips cada vez más pequeños, y es que, cuanto más pequeño es, mayor velocidad de proceso alcanza el chip. Sin embargo, no podemos hacer los chips infinitamente pequeños. Hay un límite en el cual dejan de funcionar correctamente. Cuando se llega a la escala de nanómetros, los electrones se escapan de los canales por donde deben circular circular.. A esto se le llama efecto túnel. Una partícula clásica, si se encuentra con un obstáculo, no puede

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PRIMER PROCESADOR CUANTICO Un equipo, dirigido por investigadores de la Universidad de Yale, ha creado el primer procesador cuántico cuán tico rudimentario de estado sólido, dando un nuevo paso hacia ha cia el desarrollo de los ordenadores cuánticos. Han utilizado un chip superconductor que contiene dos qubits y que realiza algoritmos elementales, como una búsqueda sencilla, demostrando por primera vez la posibilidad de procesar información con un dispositivo de estado sólido. El resultado de su investigación aparecerá en el número del 28 de junio de la revista Nature. El equipo de investigación ha fabricado dos átomos artificiales o qubits, cada uno de los cuales cua les está formado

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PROBLEMAS DE LA COMPUTACION CUANTICA Uno de los obstáculos principales para la computación cuántica es el problema de la de coherencia cuántica, que causa la pérdida del carácter unitario (y, (y, más específicamente, la reversibilidad) de los pasos del algoritmo cuántico. Los tiempos de de coherencia para los sistemas candidatos, en particular el tiempo de relajación transversal (en la terminología usada en la tecnología de resonancia magnética nuclear e imaginería por resonancia magnética) está típicamente entre nanosegundos y segundos, a temperatur temperaturas as bajas. Las tasas de error son típicamente proporcionales a la razón entre tiempo de operación frente a tiempo de coherencia, de de forma que cualquier operación debe ser completada en un tiempo mucho más corto que

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Algoritmos cuánticos

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Los algoritmos cuánticos se basan en un margen de error conocido en las operaciones de base y trabajan reduciendo el margen de error a niveles exponencialmente exponencialmen te pequeños, comparables al nivel de error de las máquinas actuales.

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Algoritmo de Shor 

el algoritmo de Shor es Shor  es un algoritmo cuántico para descomponer en factores un número N  en  en 3 tiempo O((log N) ) y espacio O(logN ), ), así nombrado por Peter Shor.

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Algoritmo de Grover 

el algoritmo de Grover es un algoritmo cuántico para la búsqueda en una secuencia no ordenada de datos con N componentes en un tiempo O (N1/2), y con una necesidad

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Algoritmo de Deutsch-Jozsa

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Entrelazamiento cuántico El entrelazamiento cuántico es una propiedad predicha en 1935 por Einstein, Podolsky y Rosen en su formulación de la llamada ll amada paradoja EPR.

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Criptografía Criptogr afía cuántica

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La criptografía cuántica es la criptografía que utiliza

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el primer procesador cuántico

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