Procedure

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

ENG. STD. ES-5411 PAGE 1 OF 11

CLIENT PLANT OR PROJECT LOCATION PROJECT NUMBER

REVISIONS NO.

DATE

0

APPROVAL SIGNATURES

PAGES REVISED/COMMENTS ISSUE FOR COMMENT

NOTES:

(Rev.3) January 22, 2003

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

ENG. STD.

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

ES-5411 PAGE 2 OF 11

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS 1.0 SCOPE The intent of this document is to provide a basis for the execution of pipe stress and pipe support activities for this project. Specific Pipe Stress Group responsibilities include the following: 1.1 Piping flexibility and support review for those lines designated to be reviewed based on the criteria outlined in Section 4.0. 1.2 Design of all required special pipe supports. 1.3 Design of all spring supports, snubbers, and other engineered supports purchased from a pipe support specialty vendor. 1.4 Design of all expansion joints and other flexible connections required by Stress.

2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS 2.1 Unless otherwise specified, all design, material, and fabrication shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 –2002 Edition. 2.2 Pipe supports purchased from a specialty manufacturer shall be in accordance with MSS standard practice SP-58. 2.3 All dimensions, loads, and other units of measure shall be in English units.

3.0 BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA 3.1 Ambient temperature: 70oF. 3.2 Wind parameters: ASCE 7-98, Category III, Basic Wind Speed = 115 MPH, Importance Factor = 1.15, Exposure Category C, Gust Effect Factor = 0.85, Topographic Factor K = 1.0. 3.3 Emergency, upset, or steam-out events, if specified, shall be considered in evaluating piping flexibility and clearances. 3.4 Fire case considerations (Relief Systems): To be defined.

(Rev.3) January 22, 2003

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ENG. STD.

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

ES-5411 PAGE 3 OF 11

3.5 Piping 24”diameter and smaller, transporting fluid with a specific gravity less than 1.0, shall be designed as if filled with water for dead load calculations. 3.6 Vapor lines over 24”diameter are to be reviewed by Engineering and Construction on an individual basis to determine the feasibility of hydrotesting in place and to evaluate the potential for liquid being present during an upset or overflow condition. 3.7 The temperature to be used in a piping flexibility/stress review is the maximum normal operating temperature. If short-term temperature excursions are specified, they must be considered for clearances and for any required piping flexibility review.

4.0 PIPE STRESS Piping meeting any of the criteria listed below is to be reviewed and approved by a stress engineer. 4.1 All lines except those falling within the shaded portion of the figure below:

4.2 All lines connected to rotating or reciprocating equipment such as API/ANSI pumps, compressors, turbines, blowers, and centrifuges. 4.3 All lines 4 inch and larger connected to fired heaters, steam generators and air coolers. 4.4 All vertical lines connected to vertical vessels that require pipe supports or guides from that vessel. 4.5 All lines 3 inch and larger connected to equipment that is subject to significant (>1/2”) differential settlement. (Settlement to be specified by Civil/Structural.)

(Rev.3) January 22, 2003

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

ENG. STD.

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

ES-5411 PAGE 4 OF 11

4.6 All pressure relief valve systems where inlet pressure exceeds 140 psig. 4.7 All control valves with a differential pressure > 50 psig. 4.8 All jacketed lines. 4.9 All lines with internal pressures above 950 psig. 4.10 All lines 10 inch and larger subject to external pressure or vacuum conditions. 4.11 All lines requiring spring supports, or expansion devices such as expansion joints and ball joints. 4.12 All lines subject to vibration due to high velocity flow, high pressure drop, water hammer or mixed phase flow. (To be specified by Process). 4.13 All aluminum alloy lines. 4.14 All lines that are glass, refractory, or elastomer lined. 4.15 All non-metallic lines. 4.16 All thin-walled pipe having a diameter-to-thickness ratio above 80. 4.17 All long straight lines over 500 feet in length regardless of temperature and lines over 100 feet in length if the temperature is 200oF or above. 4.18 All lines designated by owner as being Category “M”. 4.19 All flare line headers. 4.20 All underground process lines. 4.21 Lines for which an Alternative Leak Test has been specified. 4.22 Other lines identified during detail design where the Lead Stress Engineer or the Lead Piping Designer deems a review necessary.

5.0 FORMAL PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS 5.1 Formal computer calculations, utilizing Caesar II version 4.40, shall be done for all primary piping in the following classifications, unless the piping is a duplicate of a previously analyzed system. 5.1.1

Turbine Piping. (Rev.3) January 22, 2003

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

ENG. STD.

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

ES-5411 PAGE 5 OF 11

5.1.2

Compressor Piping.

5.1.3

Pump Suction and discharge piping meeting any of the following criteria: a. All lines 12”in diameter and larger. b. Lines 6”in diameter and larger operating above 150°F. c. Lines 3”in diameter and larger operating above 250°F. d. Lines 2”in diameter and smaller operating above 500°F.

5.1.4

3”diameter and larger piping operating at 500°F or higher

5.1.5

16”diameter and larger piping with a stress index (Nom. O.D. x Operating Temp. °F) of 7200 or higher.

5.1.6

All piping classified as severe cyclic service or category “M”.

5.2 For piping other than that listed in Section 5.1, the type and degree of pipe stress analysis necessary to satisfy code, client, or vendor requirements shall be determined by the engineering contractor’s pipe stress engineer.

6.0 ALLOWABLE LOADS The following criteria shall apply unless otherwise directed by owner, owner specifications, or vendor requirements. 6.1 All pump nozzle loads shall be limited to the specified vendor allowable loads. 6.2 All turbine nozzle loads shall be limited to the allowable loads specified in NEMA SM23, or the specified vendor allowable loads, as applicable 6.3 All centrifugal compressor nozzle loads shall be limited to the allowable loads specified in API 617, Appendix G, or the specified vendor allowable loads, as applicable. 6.4 All reciprocating compressor nozzle loads shall be limited to the specified vendor allowable loads. 6.5 Allowable nozzle loads for air coolers are to be twice the allowables specified in API 661 -- 1998 Edition. 6.6 Required nozzle allowable loads for shell and tube heat exchangers are to be issued to vendor(s) as part of the requisition. (Rev.3) January 22, 2003

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

ENG. STD.

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

ES-5411 PAGE 6 OF 11

6.7 Nozzle loads for all other equipment shall meet vendor requirements. 6.8 Nozzle loads on pressure vessels, towers, reactors, etc. shall be reviewed to ensure that leakage will not occur at flanges and that shell stresses are satisfactory. In instances where these items are to be designed by a vendor, required nozzle allowable loads are to be issued to the vendor(s) as part of the requisition.

7.0 PIPE SUPPORTS 7.1 Pipe support spacing shall be in accordance with the attached span charts (Attachments 1 and 2, pages 9 and 10 respectively). 7.2 Maximum guide spacing for horizontal steel piping is as follows: Pipe Size ¾” 1” 1 ½” 2” 3” 4” 6” 8” 10” 12” 14” 16” 18” 20” 24” 30”

Max. Horizontal Spacing 40’ 40’ 40’ 40’ 60’ 60’ 60’ 60’ 80’ 80’ 80’ 80’ 100’ 100’ 120’ 120’

7.3 Maximum guide spacing for vertical steel piping shall be in accordance with attached chart (Attachment 3, page 11). 7.4 Preferred method of support is from below. Hangers are acceptable for pump discharge piping and other such applications, and where support from below would block access, require the addition of major steel or concrete foundations, or otherwise add significant cost. 7.5 Pipe support components welded directly to the pipe shall be of the same material as the pipe unless economic considerations dictate otherwise. Particular areas of economic concern are associated with large diameter pipe and/or large wall thickness.

(Rev.3) January 22, 2003

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

ENG. STD. ES-5411 PAGE 7 OF 11

7.6 Aluminum pipe, elastomer lined pipe, or piping requiring stress relieving shall be supported utilizing a non-field welded design. 7.7 Pipe support attachments to main structural steel shall be of a bolted rather than a welded design. 7.8 All contact areas of pipe support components shall be designed with consideration of potential galvanic corrosion. 7.9 All uninsulated steel piping shall rest directly on support steel, except where hangers are utilized. In areas where the piping must be elevated for corrosion protection, as defined in the project scope documents, pipe shoes will be provided. 7.10 All piping insulated for heat conservation, shall have pipe shoes rather than be supported directly on structural steel. Pipe shoes are to be welded, unless noted otherwise. 7.11 Piping insulated for personnel protection shall be supported as un-insulated pipe. 7.12 All cold, insulated piping shall have rigid saddles fabricated from high-density polyurethane foam at points of support. 7.13 Dummy legs, base ells, etc. for piping 2 ½”diameter and larger shall be fabricated from pipe rather than structural shapes. 7.14 Pipe supports shall not rest directly on grating, nor shall piping be supported from handrails, ladders, ladder clips, or other insulated lines. 7.15 Pipe supports shall be located so that temporary supports for hydrostatic testing will not be required, unless by doing so the flexibility of the system is rendered inadequate for specified operating conditions. All such temporary supports shall be clearly indicated on the appropriate ISO/piping drawing. 7.16 Unless a threaded adjustable is specified, pipe supports bearing directly on paving shall be a one time adjustable type support. Grouting is not required for final elevations where adjustable pipe supports are utilized. 7.17 Threaded adjustable supports shall be used adjacent to pump and compressor nozzles if a spring type support is not utilized. 7.18 On insulated lines, it is unacceptable to cope insulation at support contact areas. 7.19 Miscellaneous pipe supports designed by pipe stress are to be detailed as if they will be field fabricated.

(Rev.3) January 22, 2003

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

ENG. STD. ES-5411 PAGE 8 OF 11

8.0 MATERIALS All carbon steel pipe support components are to be hot dip galvanized, mechanically galvanized, or painted in accordance with Project specifications as noted below. 8.1 Carbon steel hardware components for rod hanger and spring hanger assemblies shall be galvanized. Vendor supplied carbon steel pipe support assemblies/units that are not to be welded to the pipe, or that do not require welding in order to assemble after protective coating has been applied, are to be galvanized. All pipe support components that are welded directly to pipe are to be painted in accordance with the painting requirements for that pipe. This includes lugs, dummy legs, and clips. All other carbon steel pipe support components utilized to fabricate standard and engineered pipe supports shall be painted. 8.2 All spring supports shall have hot dip galvanized cans and neoprene coated coils. 8.3 All carbon steel bolts/nuts are to be hot dip galvanized. ASTM A193 Gr. B7 bolts (and associated nuts) are to be uncoated. Stainless steel support components are to be uncoated, unless noted otherwise. 8.4 Mechanically galvanized threaded components shall not be used with hot dip galvanized threaded components.

9.0 ATTACHMENTS 9.1 Attachment 1: Piping Span Chart -- Onsites 9.2 Attachment 2: Piping Span Chart -- Offsites 9.3 Attachment 3: Vertical Piping Guide Spacing

(Rev.3) January 22, 2003

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

ENG. STD. ES-5411 PAGE 9 OF 11

Piping Span Chart Onsites PIPE Size (in.)

Schedule

1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 STD STD STD STD STD STD

Wall Thickness (in.) .109 .113 .133 .145 .154 .203 .216 .237 .280 .322 .365 .375 .375 .375 .375 .375 .375

PIPE + VAPOR + INSULATION Up to 400° 401° – 700° Span Span (ft.) (ft.) 9.3 8.2 10.8 9.6 12.7 11.5 15.8 14.5 17.9 16.7 20.3 19.1 22.6 21.4 25.2 24.1 31.3 30.0 35.7 34.2 39.6 38.7 42.5 42.0 44.0 43.5 46.3 45.8 48.3 47.9 50.2 49.6 53.3 52.9

PIPE + LIQUID + INSULATION Up to 400° 401°to 700° Span Span (ft.) (ft.) 8.9 8.0 10.2 9.2 11.9 11.0 14.5 13.6 16.2 15.3 18.5 17.7 20.4 19.5 22.6 21.8 27.4 26.5 31.1 29.9 34.6 33.4 37.1 35.9 38.5 37.2 40.4 39.1 42.1 40.8 43.7 42.2 46.3 44.9

Notes: (1) Pipe spans shown in this chart are for use in process areas. (2) Pipe spans are based on the following: a) ASTM A-53 GR.B pipe. b) A corrosion allowance of 1/16”or less. c) 1/2”maximum deflection at operating temperature or 3/4”maximum deflection during hydrotesting for vapor lines, as applicable (3) Pipe spans of 20 feet are permitted for 2”diameter piping in pipe racks. (4) Temperatures are in degrees (F).

Attachment 1

(Rev.3) January 22, 2003

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

ENG. STD. ES-5411 PAGE 10 OF 11

Piping Span Chart Offsites

PIPE SIZE

PIPE SCHEDULE

WALL THICKNESS (in.)

ALLOWABLE SPAN (ft. – in.)

DEFLECTION (in.)

3/4” 1” 1-1/2” 2” 2” 3” 4” 6” 8” 10” 10” 12” 12” 14” 14” 16” 16” 18” 18” 20” 20” 24” 24”

40 40 40 40 80 40 40 40 30 20 40 20 STD 10 STD 10 STD 10 STD 10 STD 10 STD

0.113 0.133 0.145 0.154 0.218 0.216 0.237 0.280 0.277 0.250 0.365 0.250 0.375 0.250 0.375 0.250 0.375 0.250 0.375 0.250 0.375 0.250 0.375

12’ -0” 14’ -0” 17-0” 19’ -0” 20’ -0” 25’ -0” 27’ -0” 33’ -0” 36’ -0” 38’ -0” 41’ -0” 40’ -0” 44’ -0” 42’ -0” 46’ -0” 44’ -0” 48’ -0” 45’ -0” 50’ -0” 47’ -0” 52’ -0” 49’ -0” 55’ -0”

1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1” 1”

NOTES: (1) Pipe spans shown in this chart are for use in offsites areas. (2) Pipe spans are based on the following: a) Insulated lines operating below 650° F. b) ASTM A53 GR.B pipe, water filled, and insulated. c) Corrosion allowance of 1/16”or less. d) Maximum deflection of 1”. (3) Pipe spans of 20 feet are permitted for 2”diameter piping in pipe racks.

Attachment 2

(Rev.3) January 22, 2003

ENG. STD.

PIPING DESIGN BASIS FOR FLEXIBILITY AND PIPE SUPPORTS

S & B ENGINEERS and CONSTRUCTORS, LTD. HOUSTON, TEXAS

ES-5411 PAGE 11 OF 11

Vertical Guides Maximum Guide Spacing (ft.)

Insulation Thk. (inches) 1 1 1/2 2 3 4 Pipe Size 6 (inches) 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

25 25 31 31 32 34 34 34 35 35 37 37 38 40

--17 20 22 28 29 29 30 30 34 34 34 37

--12 15 17 23 24 25 27 27 31 31 31 34

--9 12 14 19 21 22 24 24 28 28 29 32

--7 10 11 17 18 20 22 22 26 26 27 30

---8 10 15 16 18 20 20 24 24 25 28

---7 9 13 15 16 18 19 22 22 24 27

----8 12 13 15 17 17 21 21 22 25

----7 11 12 14 16 16 19 20 21 24

Notes (1) Guide spacing is based on a wind speed of 115 MPH. (2) Piping material is carbon or alloy steel.

Attachment 3

(Rev.3) January 22, 2003