Problems Encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection in the Province of Capiz

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Disaster as defined by IFRC(International Federation of Red Cross) is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts

the

functioning

of

a

community

or

society

and

causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Though often caused by nature, disasters

can

have

human

origins.

A

disaster

in

their

natural forms includes typhoons, earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruptions whereas there is one destructive man-made disaster which is war. Fire is an example of a disaster that can be caused by both factors stated above. Fire

is

combustion

or

burning,

in

which

substances

combine chemically with oxygen from the air and typically give out bright light, heat, and smoke (Oxford Dictionary). A

fire

disaster

wildfires,

can

accidental

be

providential

(human

error

(natural) or

such

as

negligence)

or

intentional such as the crime of arson. An intentional cause of fire, legally termed as arson, is the wilful malicious burning of property (as building) especially with criminal

1

or fraudulent intent (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) is a crime stated in criminal laws of most countries one of which is the Philippines. However, fires, even in accidental causes, displaces

hundreds

to

thousands

of

families

from

their

homes, costs hundreds of thousands to millions worth of damage

to

property

and

may

even

be

a

cause

of

several

deaths. In connection to the disastrous effects of fire, the Bureau of Fire Protection(BFP) under the DILG and by virtue of Republic Act 6975, otherwise known as DILG Act of 1990, is

primarily

prevention

to

and

perform

and

suppression

be of

responsible destructive

for

the

fires

on

buildings, houses or other structures, forest lands, land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships and vessels docked

at

piers

or

wharves

anchored

in

major

seaports,

petroleum industry installations, plane crashes and other similar activities. The recent statistics available at the National

Statistical

Coordination

Board(NSCB)

shows

that

there are 12,301 total fire incidents occurred in the year 2013

nationwide

which

is

39.8%

higher

than

8,798

fire

reported in 2012 and 39.4% higher than the fires recorded in 2011and 14.2% higher than the 10,773 fires posted in 2010. The

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

2

data

shows

that

1,478

incidents and 85 fire-related injuries happened in Region VI in 2013, higher than 990 incidents with 67 injuries recorded in 2012. Whereas Capiz had only 59 cases coming in third from the second highest province, Negros Occidental with 518 cases and the first which is Iloilo with 739 cases. As

shown

by

the

most

recent,

available

statistics,

ranking at the third in highest related fire incident, it can be construed that the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz has problems dealing with fire. Problems can

be

categorized

into

three

namely:

Human/Personnel,

Material/Facilities and Economic/Financial. In the Personnel side, according to the Philippine Figures of the National Statistics Office(NSO), the ratio of fireman to population as

of

2012

is

nationwide.

In

encountered

are

1:589 the

from

material

lack

of

the

16,252

side,

fire

the

trucks,

total

firemen

common

problems

fire

hydrants

available, and more will be included in this research as the study

progresses.

Financial

problems

originate

from

the

Department of Budget Management appropriation towards the Bureau of Fire Protection. Lack of financial support is a prime cause that allows the two other problems (Human and Material) to manifest.

3

Fire-fighters, before being inducted into the Bureau of Fire

Protection,

concerns

of

undergo

not

only

a

series

of

extinguishing

training

fire,

in

but

which

also

the

prevention or suppression of the same. The number of the firemen as well as their ratio to the population, as stated above, is not suffice to actually prevent fire especially in the province of Capiz in which there are only seven fire stations serving the whole province of 16 municipalities a city, two for the First Congressional District, in which has the

city

has

one

sub-station

and

five

for

the

Second

Congressional District. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the problems encountered by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters

in

the

Province of Capiz. Specifically,

it

sought

to

answer

the

following

questions: 1. What are the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province? 2. What

is

the

degree

of

seriousness

encountered

by

the

Bureau

firefighters

in

term

of 4

of

Human

on

the

Fire Resources

problems

Protection factors,

Financial

Resources

factors

and

Material

Resources

factors and as a whole in the province of Capiz? 3. Is

there

a

encountered

significant by

difference

Bureau

of

Fire

in

the

problems

Protection

in

the

province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz? 4. Is there significant relationship on the three problems encountered Resources

such

and

as

Human

Material

Resources,

Resources

and

Financial

the

degree

of

seriousness on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz? Hypotheses In this study, the researchers have advanced their null hypothesis: 1. There

is

no

encountered

significant by

Bureau

difference of

Fire

in

the

problems

Protection

in

the

province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz? 2. There

is

no

significant

relationship

on

the

three

problems encountered such as Human Resources, Financial Resources

and

Material

Resources

5

and

the

degree

of

seriousness on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz.

Theoretical Framework Systems theory was originally proposed by Hungarian biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1928, although it has not been applied to organizations until recently (Kast and Rosenzweig, 1972; Scott, 1981). The foundation of systems theory is that all the components of an organization are interrelated, and that changing one variable might impact many

others.

Organizations

are

viewed

as

open

systems,

continually interacting with their environment. They are in a

state

of

dynamic

equilibrium

as

they

adapt

to

environmental changes. Senge understanding

(1990) how

describes our

actions

systems shape

our

thinking reality.

as: If

I

believe that my current state was created by somebody else, or by forces outside my control, why should I hold a vision? The central premise behind holding a vision is that somehow I can shape my future, Systems thinking helps us see how our own actions have shaped our current reality, thereby giving us confidence that we can create a different reality in the future. 6

Systems

theory

as

applied

to

the

study

of

this

research, is that the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection

firefighters

in

the

Province

of

Capiz.

As

identified, we identified 3 major problems that the Bureau of

Fire

Protection

encounters

namely:

Human

Resources,

Material Resources and Financial Resources. Systems theory suggests that one area of difficulty may have an impact on another area that will result to another difficulty. RESEARCH PARADIGM INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

DEPENDENT VARIABLES Problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection

Location of Fire Station

firefighters in the Province of Capiz Factors  Human Resources  

Financial Resources Material Resources

Degree of seriousness of problems framework Figure 1. Schematic presentation of the conceptual showing differences and the relationship of variables. Conceptual Framework 7

Figure 1. Illustrates the descriptive variables covered in the study.

As shown, the study is focused on problems

encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz, and finding out if there is significant difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in terms of Location of the Fire station in the in the Province of Capiz. The independent variables are the location of Fire Station Capiz and the three

identified

Resources,

categories

Financial

of

Resources

problems and

namely:

Material

Human

Resources.

Whereas, the dependent variable are the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz.

Significance of the Study This study would be of importance to the following: Bureau of Fire Protection. As the target of this research, the

study

aims

recommendation

to

to the

identify, involved

analyse to

and

address

the

give

out

problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the

province

to

improve

prevention

destructive fires.

8

and

suppression

of

Department of Interior and Local Government. As the agency

who

directly

supervises

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection, this research and its findings may allow the agency to solve specific problems that are addressed in this study. Local Government Unit. As the local executive unit, it is the function of the LCUs to see the welfare of its community. This research will allow Local Government Units to focus onto the Bureau of Fire Protection problems and giving solution to its existing burden. Community. As a society which needs the help in times of disaster, the community will benefit the addressing of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters

to

better

perform

their

duties

and

responsibilities Future

Researchers.

This

study

would

benefit

the

future

researchers by using it as a reference for their study of related field.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

9

This study limited to finding out the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz. The instrument will used in this study is a survey questionnaire. assigned

in

The

the

respondents

Roxas

city

will

Fire

be

all

Marshal

firefighters

and

different

municipality in the Province of Capiz. The descriptive research design will be utilize in this study. The

demographic

profile

of

the

respondents

will

be

limited to age, sex, civil status, length of service.

Definition of Terms For the better understanding of the readers/researchers the

following

definitions

are

defined

conceptually

and

operationally. Bureau of Fire Protection. Created by virtue of RA 6975

under

Department

of

Interior

Local

Government.

Primarily to perform and be responsible for the prevention and suppression of destructive fires on buildings, houses or other structures, forest lands, land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships and vessels docked at piers or wharves 10

anchored

in

major

seaports,

petroleum

industry

installations, plane crashes and other similar activities. It is the research target in which the study aims to identify the problems and give out recommendations to the concerning

agency

to

aid

in

providing

solution

to

the

problem. Encountered. To come upon a person or a difficulty such

as

a

problem.

(www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/encountered) In

this

study,

it

is

the

identification

of

the

problems being experienced of the Bureau of Fire Protection fire fighters. Fire-fighters. A person whose job is to extinguish fires. (www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/firefighters) In this study, they are the targeted respondents on what are the problems encountered. Problems. consideration,

A

question or

raised

solution.

for

inquiry,

(www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/problems) It is the focus of the study to identify the problems and give out recommendation to solve these specific problems.

11

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

12

This chapter presents a review of literature relevant to the present study. It consists of related literatures and studies in the Philippines and abroad and likewise studies whose

implications

are

to

some

extent

related

to

the

investigation at hand. Foreign Studies According

to

Kirtley

et.

al,

(2007),

on

a

study

titled: Mitigation of the Rural Fire Problem: Strategies Based on Original Research and Adaptation of Existing Best Practices. The following are recommendations for further research and for implementation of programs

for

USFA,

organizations

NFPA,

interested

and in

other

national

mitigating

the

and

local

rural

fire

problem . (1) We recommend the development and implementation of a model

multihazard

survey

for

homes

that

could

be

incorporated as a voluntary outreach program and used to identify

homes

that

need

changes

in

their

equipment.

Equipment checked could include both portable and stationary space heaters, electrical wiring and related parts of the electrical distribution system, and smoke alarms .The survey also

could

check

related

conditions,

such

as

locked,

blocked, or inoperable doors and windows that are part of primary

or

alternate

escape 13

routes.

For

greatest

effectiveness and least burden on the households, the survey would

be

conducted

by

trained

professionals,

though

not

necessarily certified fire inspectors or electricians, with the consent of the households .Despite the term “survey,” this

is

not

envisioned

as

a

hand-off

instrument

for

households to use to review their own equipment. After the survey the residents of the household would be given a list of prioritized safety hazards that should be corrected .In an ideal program there would be community block grants or other funding that would help the property owner to follow through on some of the improvements suggested by the survey; (2)

We

recommend

partnering

with

national

and

regional

organizations and agencies such as the U .S .Environment Protection Agency (EPA), the Southwest Indian Foundation; the U .S .Department of Agriculture (DOA); the Hearth, Patio and

Barbecue

Association;

and

the

HEARTH

Education

Foundation to develop programs that would replace problem space heaters; (3) We recommend the development of a program for improvement of rural electrical system safety that will set

priorities

in

terms

of

the

range

of

hazards

and

conditions that may be identified in a survey and will identify

affordable

modifications

suitable

existing

homes;

We

the

(4)

recommend

for

use

development

of

in a

national strategy to install working smoke alarms in every 14

rural home; (5) We recommend the development of a DVD/video that

would

communicate

communities

and

the

would

importance

portray

of

the

reaching

variety

rural

of

rural

communities in the United States by region and group type; and (6) We recommend increased research on effective ways to meet the needs of the rural fire service.

Local Studies According to Bacareza, (2012), on a study titled: Capability of The Bureau of Fire Protectionnational Capital Region in Responding to Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Explosives and Hazardous Materials in Metro Manila: an Assessment. The findings of the study are as follows: The study arrived at the following findings: On the status of the BFP with regard to created

by

following

virtue

its

of

functions:

expanded

RA

6975

Responsible

role, the

primarily for

the

to

and of

of

the

Phil.

if necessary emergency,

assist

the

AFP

(PD

file upon

in

2008,

the

case the

BFP’s

the

in

court;

national Fire

role

Code

was 15

of

Investigate

direction

meeting

passage of RA 9514 or of

1185);

perform

the

its

and

of

and Fire

causes

In

times

the President

emergency. of

was

prevention

suppression of destructive fires; Enforcement Code

BFP

the

extended

With

the

Philippines to

include:

enforcement Safety

of

the

Fire

Code,

Inspection

and

Ensuring

Measures for Manufacture, Storage, Handling& Use of

Hazardous handling

Materials. HAZMATs

mandate,

and

policies,

(personnel, capabilities,

On

the

CBRNE and

level

of

incidents

its in

identified

policies

and

logistics,

funding,

capability terms

in

of

its

implementing

unit

systems,

human

coordinative

resource mechanism,

public information management, and drills/exercises), it can be concluded that the respondents’ highest assessment with 90% approval score was in terms of awareness to RA 9514 or the

New

Fire

Code

of

to

responding

HAZMATs

the

highest

assessment

capability hazardous

of

the

the

and CBRNE. with

BFP-NCR

materials

is

Philippines

in

On

regard

in

the

application other

hand,

measuring

the

responding

to

CBRNE

and

on policy on response specifically

at Office/Fire Station level with a total approval rating of 89% while the lowest assessment provided by the respondents is

in

terms

of

improving

human

resource

capabilities

relative to the personnel’s participation in Operation Level CBRNE training.

Hence, it can

BFP-NCR

enhance

should

be

construed

that

the

its human resource capabilities

taking into consideration the expanded role of the BFP in responding to HAZMATs and CBRNE incidents. This was further supported by the fact that the respondents were one in 16

saying that the conduct of regular drills and exercises as part

of

the

key

CBRNE

priority

assessment responding

Station

in to

for

terms CBRNE

of with

Preparedness the

Plan

should

be

BFPNCR. While their lowest

the

BFP-NCR’s

regard

to

the

capability BFP

in

Operational

Manual on CBRNE means that there is no Operational Manual in place. [http://hems.doh.gov.ph/uploads/publication_attachments/fff5 dea508162f3cbd8b53b3d9b66e47bf765502.pdf]

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the method of research used, the respondents,

the

instruments

17

including

its

validity

and

reliability,

the

manner

of

fielding,

gathering

and

processing procedures, the statistical tools used for the analysis and interpretation of data. Place of the Study and Respondents of the Study This academic

study

will

conduct

year

2015-2016

in

on

the

the

second Province

semester of

of

Capiz

specifically in the Fire Stations of: Roxas City, President Roxas, Dao, Dumarao, Cuartero, Mambusao, Dumalag, Ivisan, Jamindan, Sigma and Tapaz. Table 1. Distribution of the respondents in relationship to their respective Fire Stations. Fire Station Roxas City Dao Tapaz Sigma Ivisan Mambusao Jamindan Dumarao Dumalag President Roxas Total

Frequency 31 9 10 8 13 25 11 9 11 11 139

Percentage 22.43% 6.57% 7.19% 5.90% 9.34% 17.99% 7.99% 6.59% 7.99% 7.99% 100%

This study had utilized one hundred thirty-nine (139) Fire personnel in the Province of Capiz. Roxas

City

has

the

greatest

number

respondents

of

thirty-one (31), Mambusao with twenty-five (25) respondents, 18

Ivisan with thirteen (13) respondents, Jamindan, President Roxas and Dumalag with eleven (11) respondents each, Tapaz with ten (10) respondents, Dao and Dumarao with nine (9) respondents

each,

and

Sigma

with

the

least

number

of

respondents of eight (8). Table 2.

Socio-demographic profile of the respondents when

classified according to sex, age, civil status and length of service. Independent Variables

Frequency

Percent (%)

Male

110

79.14

Female

29

20.86

Total

139

100%

0

0

21 years old to 40 years old

85

61.15

41 years old and above

54

38.85

Total

139

100%

Single

48

34.53

Married

90

64.75

1

0.72

139

100%

SEX

AGE 21 years old and below

CIVIL STATUS

Widow/er Total LENGTH OF SERVICE 19

8 years and below

89

64.03

9 years to 15 years

33

23.74

16 years and above

17

12.23

Total

139

100%

Profile of the Respondents Table

1

shows

the

socio-demographic

profile

of

the

respondents. The data in table 1 revealed that of the 139 respondents, 110 or 79.14% were males and the remaining twenty-nine (29) or 20.86 % were females.

In terms of age, none of the respondents was twenty-one (21) years old and below. Eighty-five (85) or 61.15% of the respondents were twenty-two to forty (22 - 40) years old and the remaining fifty-four (54) or 38.85% of the respondents were forty-one (41) years old and above. In terms of civil status, forty-eight (48) or 34.53% of the respondents were single. Ninety (90) or 64.75% of the respondents were married and the remaining one (1) or 0.72% of the respondents were widowed or widower. Finally,

when

the

length

of

service

was

put

into

consideration, eighty-nine (89) or 64.03% of the respondents had eight (8) years and below of service, thirty-three (33) 20

or 23.74% of the respondents had nine to fifteen (9 - 15) years of service and the remaining seventeen (17) or 12.23% of the respondents had sixteen (16) years and above of service. Purpose of the Study This study will be conducted to determine of what are the

problems

encountered

by

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in the Province of Capiz during the Calendar Year 2015-2016. Furthermore, this study also determine if the three major factors such as Human Resources, Financial Resources and Material Resources has a significant relation in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz. Research Design This study will use the descriptive type of research which endeavors to describe systematically and objectively a situation, problem or phenomenon. Research Instrument The instrument used in gathering data will be a survey questionnaire this will be composed of three parts. Part I dealt on the socio-demographic profile of the respondents such

as

age,

sex,

civil

status,

21

length

of

service

and

educational attainment. Part II it deals on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the

Province

of

Capiz.

Part

III

dealt

on

degree

of

seriousness on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire

Protection

firefighters

in

term

of

Human

Resources

factors, Financial Resources factors and Material Resources factors and as a whole in the province of Capiz? Data Analysis Procedure Scoring Items In order to interpret and analyze the data on the problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in the province of Capiz and the degree of seriousness of the same problems, each item was scored and tabulated using the following scoring guide as basis: Score

Scoring Interval

Response Categories/ Verbal Interpretation

5

4.20-5.0

Always/Very Serious

4

3.40-4.19

Frequent/Serious

3

2.60-3.39

Often/Fairly Serious

2

1.80-2.59

Seldom/Not Serious

1

1.0-1.79

Never/Not Very Serious

Statistical Tools

22

The data gathered in this study will be organized and tabulated for statistical treatment in order to answer the specific problems of the study. The frequency count, mean and percentage, ANOVA and Chi Square Test will be used to arrive the specific result. Frequency Counts and Percentage. These were used to determine number of observations. Frequency Count = n/N = x 100% Where: n = sample size N = total population Mean. This was used to determine the average of each responses. The formula used for the mean will be adapted from Downie and Heath, 1984 Σx X = N Where:

X

= Mean

Σx = sum of scores N

= number of cases

23

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). This test was set at 0.05 alpha

level,

was

used

to

determine

if

there

was

a

significant difference among several variables considered in the study. Mean square between F

= Mean square within

Chi Square Test of Independence. This test was used to determine the significant relationship between the three categorical

variables

namely:

Human

Resources,

Resources and Financial Resources. Formula: x 2=Σ

Where:

( O−E )2 E

x

=

the p value of the variables

Σ

=

the sum of

O

=

observed frequency

E

=

expected frequency

24

Material

CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA The

gathered

presents

the

findings,

analyses,

and

interpretation of the gathered data from the respondents of the study to find out the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz of this year 2015 – 2016.

Table 3. Mean and Verbal Interpretation of problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz. 25

Statements HUMAN RESOURCES 1. Delay in fire

Mean response

due

Verbal Interpretation

to

congested traffic route. 2.58 2. Deficiency in personnel training

Not Serious

and management. 3. Slow fire

2.53

Not Serious

physically unfit fire personnel. 2.37 4. Lacking needed manpower for

Not Serious

personnel 5. Poor planning

2.66

Fairly Serious

2.57 2.68 2.53

Not Serious Fairly Serious Not Serious

2.83

Fairly Serious

3.14

Fairly Serious

2.91 2.68

Fairly Serious Fairly Serious

responding several fire incidents. 2.66 2. Old or dilapidated fire trucks. 2.71 3. Lack of fire hydrants present

Fairly Serious Fairly Serious

near or on fire incident. 4. Old or rusted fire hose. 5. Lack of fireproof uniforms.

Not Serious Not Serious Not Serious

response

with

due

to

regards

responding to fire incidents. 6. Inexperienced firefighters. 7. Lack of fire investigators. 8. Firefighters do not undergo

to

an

upgrading program such as responding to HAZMAT or CBRNE incidents. 9. Firefighters are unable communicate

properly

communication. 10. Fire personnel

through do

not

to

radio have

extensive knowledge to treat fires according to specific chemicals used in firefighting. AVERAGE MEAN MATERIAL RESOURCES 1. Poorly maintain

fire

trucks

26

in

2.58 2.30 2.49

6.

Not

separated

gender-concerned

facilities (e.g. sleeping quarters, bathrooms, etc.) 7. Inadequate

2.37

Not Serious

2.52

Not Serious

2.64 2.70

Fairly Serious Fairly Serious

3.05 2.60

Fairly Serious Fairly Serious

3.15 3.00

Fairly Serious Fairly Serious

purchasing up-to-date equipment. 2.94 4. Funds are not properly allocated

Fairly Serious

equipment. 8. Lack of

communication

investigative

fire investigation. 9. Outdated equipment. 10. The current Bureau

gear

of

for

Fire

Protection does not utilize advanced firefighting

technology

such

as

specific chemicals to specific type of fire (e.g. Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFFs) to Class B Fire, FM200 to Class C Fire) AVERAGE MEAN FINANCIAL RESOURCES 1. Lack of incentives

in

regards

with hazard pay. 2. Lesser salary grade. 3. Insufficient budget

for

according to the needs of the fire station. 5. Bureau

3.06

Fairly Serious

Fire Prevention Program. 3.22 6. Bureau of Fire Protection do not 3.01

Fairly Serious Fairly Serious

of

Fire

Protection

does

not have enough resources to conduct

have any means to collect auxilliary 27

funds

to

increase

self-allocation

other than mentioned in Sections 13 and 14 of PD 1185. 7. The Bureau of Fire Protection of the

Province

of

Capiz

has

high

obligation in its allocation leading to lower annual allocation. 8. The Bureau do not

3.28

Fairly Serious

have

substantial

their

fees

two-percentum

(2%)

3.63

Serious

of Capiz. 3.54 10. The Bureau of Fire Protection do

Serious

gains

collection

of

in

from premiums, gross sales of fire equipment or service fees (Section 13 and 14 of PD 1185) 9. The Fire Inspection

Fee

equivalent to ten-percent (10%) of all fees charged is not enough to add to the allocation of the Bureau of Fire Protection in the Province

not have a standard disbursement to personnel

training

management

leading

and to

facility a

under

trained firemen and old or lacking facilities. AVERAGE MEAN GRAND MEAN

3.65 3.25 2.84 28

Serious Fairly Serious Fairly Serious

Problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz Table 3 has shown the mean and verbal interpretation of problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in the Province of Capiz. Statements with the greatest mean among the three categorized variables such as Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are

stated

as

follows:

firefighters

are

unable

to

communicate properly through radio communication with a mean of 3.14, The current Bureau of Fire Protection does not utilize advanced firefighting technology such as specific chemicals

to

specific

type

of

fire

(e.g.

Aqueous

Film

Forming Foams (AFFFs) to Class B Fire, FM-200 to Class C Fire) with a mean of 3.05 and The Bureau of Fire Protection do not have a standard disbursement to personnel training and facility management leading to a under trained firemen and

old

or

lacking

facilities

with

a

mean

of

3.65.

Statements with the least mean among the three categorized variables such as Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are respectively stated as follows: slow fire response due to physically unfit fire personnel with a mean of 2.37, old or rusted fire hose with a mean of 2.30

29

and insufficient budget for purchasing up-to-date equipment with a mean of 2.94.

Table 4. ANOVA result on the difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station. Source of Variation Between Groups Within Groups Total

Sum of Squares 2.31 2.32 4.63

Mean Square 0.257 0.232

Df 9 10 19

F value 1.107

Tabular F - Value = 3.02 df = 9 - 10 Level of Significance = 0.05 Difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station The location of fire station of the respondents did not yield a significant difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection. The result was reflected in table 4. The respondents were classified according to their location

of

fire

station.

There

is

no

significant

difference found based on the Computed F Value (1.107) which is greater than the alpha level 0.05. This indicated that, the

respondents,

regardless

of

their

location

of

fire

station, has the same perception on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters. Thus the

30

Prob. n.s.

hypothesis

which

stated

that

there

is

no

significant

difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz was accepted. Table 5. Chi square test result on relationship of the three factors: Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz

Problems Encountered On Human Material Financial Resources Resources Resources DEGREE OF SERIOUSNESS Not Very Serious Not Serious Fairly Serious Serious Very Serious Total

31 39 29 25 15 139

27 43 38 20 11 139

2 29 55 38 15 139

χ2 = 81.777 df = 8 α = 0.05 critical value of χ2 = 15. 507 Relationship of the three factors: Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz The Chi-square test of independence in table 5 revealed that

there

between

the

is

a

significant

relationship

that

existed

three

categorical

variables

the

problems

31

in

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz. The table reveals that the three categorical

variables

namely:

Human

Resources,

Material

Resources and Financial Resources yield a result of χ2 = 81.777 significantly greater than the critical value of χ 2 = 15. 507 at eight (8) df and significance level of 0.05. Any value larger than the critical value of χ2 leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Thus, the hypothesis which stated that there is no significant relationship on the three factors such as Human Resources, Financial Resources and Material Resources in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz was rejected.

CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS This chapter presented the summary of the study, its findings, conclusions, recommendations, and implications. Summary

32

This study was conducted to determine the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters. The results were expected to provide implications to alleviate the problems encountered by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters

in

the

province of Capiz. Specifically,

it

sought

to

determine

the

degree

of

seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire

Protection

firefighters:

(1)

What

are

the

problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province?; (2) What is the degree of seriousness on the problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in term of Human Resources factors, Financial Resources factors and Material Resources factors and as a whole in the province of Capiz?; (3) Is there a significant difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire

station

in

the

Province

of

Capiz?;

(4)

Is

there

significant relationship on the three factors such as Human Resources, Financial Resources and Material Resources in the problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in Province of Capiz. The null hypotheses of this study were the following: 33

There

is

no

significant

difference

in

the

problems

encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz. There is no significant relationship on the three problems encountered such as Human Resources, Financial Resources and Material Resources and the degree of seriousness on the problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters in Province of Capiz. The data needed for the study were gathered with the use of the researcher-made instrument. The data-gathering instrument was composed of two parts. Part I, it gathered the respondent’s socio-demographic profile which includes sex, age, civil status, and length of service. Part II, these are the items that described the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz. Participants were asked to check the appropriate column that corresponded to their choice that best interpreted their perception. Findings Statistics

revealed

that

out

of

139

respondents,

majority 110 or 79.14% were males and the remaining twenty-

34

nine (29) or 20.86 % were females. If the respondents were classified according to age, none of the respondents was twenty-one (21) years old and below. Eighty-five (85) or 61.15% of the respondents were twenty-two to forty (22 - 40) years old and the remaining fifty-four (54) or 38.85% of the respondents were forty-one (41) years old and above. In terms of civil status, forty-eight (48) or 34.53% of the respondents

were

single.

Ninety

(90)

or

64.75%

of

the

respondents were married and the remaining one (1) or 0.72% of the respondents were either widowed or widower. In terms of length of service, eighty-nine (89) or 64.03% of the respondents

had

eight

(8)

years

and

below

of

service,

thirty-three (33) or 23.74% of the respondents had nine to fifteen

(9

-

15)

years

of

service

and

the

remaining

seventeen (17) or 12.23% of the respondents had sixteen (16) years and above of service. The degree of seriousness of the problems

encountered

by

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

firefighters, as revealed by the overall mean of 2.84 is “Fairly

Serious”.

The

result

implied

that

all

problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the

province

of

Capiz

has

somehow

performance of their duties.

35

significant

in

the

Results difference

revealed

existed

in

that the

there

degree

was

of

no

significant

seriousness

of

the

problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz when the location of fire station is taken into consideration, Tabular F value, F0.05

(9 – 40)

= 3.02 was

greater than the Computed F Value (1.107). This indicated that, the respondents, regardless of their location of fire station,

has

the

same

perception

on

the

degree

of

seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire

Protection

stated

that

firefighters.

there

is

no

Thus

the

significant

hypothesis

difference

which

in

the

problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz was accepted. Lastly, data revealed that there is a significant relationship determine

across

the

the

degree

3

categorical

of

seriousness

variables of

used

the

to

problems

encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of

Capiz,

critical

χ2

=

value

significance

81.777 of

level

χ2 of

significantly

=

15.

0.05.

507 This

at

greater eight

indicates

than

(8) that

the

df

and

Human

Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are significantly related to one another. Thus, the hypothesis

36

which states that there is no significant relationship on the

three

factors

such

as

Human

Resources,

Financial

Resources and Material Resources in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz was rejected. Conclusions Considering researchers problems

the

concluded

encountered

findings that

by

the

the

of

the

most

Bureau

study,

common of

the

encountered

Fire

Protection

firefighters in the Province of Capiz are the statements with

the

greatest

mean

across

the

3

categories,

Human

Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are stated as follows respectively: firefighters are unable to communicate properly through radio communication with a mean of 3.14, The current Bureau of Fire Protection does not utilize advanced firefighting technology such as specific chemicals

to

specific

type

of

fire

(e.g.

Aqueous

Film

Forming Foams (AFFFs) to Class B Fire, FM-200 to Class C Fire) with a mean of 3.05 and The Bureau of Fire Protection do not have a standard disbursement to personnel training and facility management leading to a under trained firemen and old or lacking facilities with a mean of 3.65.

37

Findings revealed that the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz in the category of Human Resources was “Fairly Serious” with an average mean of 2.68, whereas in the category of Material Resources was “Fairly Serious” with an average mean of 2.60, and finally, the category of Financial Resources was “Fairly Serious” with an average mean of 3.25 when the responses were taken categorically. Findings revealed that the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz was “Fairly Serious” when the responses were taken as a whole, with a grand mean of 2.84. There is no significant difference in the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz when the respondents were classified according to the location of fire station. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship in the

3

categorized

variables

such

as

Human

Resources,

Material Resources and Financial Resources and the degree of

38

seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz. Recommendation Based on the results and findings of this study, the following recommendations were made: 1 The Bureau of Fire Protection should request for an increase for their allocated budget to improve the performance of the fire officers. 2 The Bureau of Fire Protection should purchase more up-to-date

equipments

through

the

government’s

Modernization Program. 3 The Bureau of Fire Protection must intensify their Fire Inspection Procedures on buildings in order to stabilize gains as mentioned in Sections 13 and 14 of PD 1185.

Implications The findings of the present investigation had led to certain implications for practice in relation to the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz.

39

The degree of seriousness encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz were “Fairly Serious”. The degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection had no significant difference in terms of the location of fire station. Lastly, the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection had a significant relationship when the categorical variables Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are taken into consideration.

40