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@F@SOÁM @LÉKWSIKM. K@FWSML EIGSN@LÉKWSIKM

@l pmftmfn g` Mlmrkûf (Ku`fkm), ti`f` ufm kmpmkigmg g` ===5 Ea ;  g` moum `acmlsmgm y knf uf giqu` g` knft`fkiûf g` ?= a g` mlturm. Nkupm ufm sup`rjiki` g` :578 Em. @l pmftmfn ti`f` ufm pnt`fkim `léktrikm ifstmlmgm g` 35= A_. @f fnvi`acr` g`l mýn 38=3 `l moum `acmlsmgm `rm g` 005 Ea ;, `stmfgn `l fiv`l g`l moum jr`ft` ml aurn m ufm mlturm g` 7= a. [i lm k`ftrml `léktrikm msnkimgm `stí jufkinfmfgn knf uf kmugml g` 038 a;/s, y `l r`fgiai`ftn r`fgiai`ftn g` gikem k`ftrml k`ftrml `s g`l ?5%, s` pig`4 m) ¾]ué ¾]ué tipn g` `f`roám utilizm `l pmftmfn pmrm nct`f`r `f`roám `léktrikm> c) ¾Kûan s` trmfsjnram `sm `f`roám `f `f`roám `léktrikm> k) ¾]ué pnt`fkim `léktrikm `stí o`f`rmfgn>, g) ¾Kuíl g`c` s`r `l g`sfiv`l g` moums mrricm-moums mcmdn pmrm qu` lm pnt`fkim `léktrikm suaifistrmgm s`m g` 308 A_, amft`fi`fgn `l aisan kmugml> `) Z`ftmdms ` ifknfv`fi`ft`s g` `st` tipn g` `f`roám. Gmtns 4 g`fsigmg g`l moum 1 =8 ; Bo/a; , o 1 9·5 a/s3  S`spu`stm m lm pr`ouftm m) g`l prncl`am4 Pfm k`ftrml eigrn`léktrikm utilizm lm `f`roám eigríulikm pmrm lm o`f`rmkiûf g` `f`roám `léktrikm, tml y knan emkámf lns mftiouns anlifns qu` mprnv`kemcmf lm knrri`ft` g` lns ráns pmrm anv`r ufm ru`gm. @f fu`strn kmsn, s` trmtm g` utilizmr lm `f`roám pnt`fkiml ormvitmtnrim qu` pns`` ufm amsm g` moum g` uf kmuk` fmturml pnr lm `xist`fkim g` uf g`sfiv`l ( smltn o`ngésikn). o`ngésikn). Msá s` pu`g` nct`f`r `f`roám `léktrikm g` uf smltn g` moum (kmskmgm) y, `f lns pmftmfns pnr `l e`ken g` prngukir uf g`sfiv`l `ftr` moums mrricm y moums mcmdn `f uf rán ml ift`rruapir su kmuk` a`gimft` uf aurn g` knft`fkiûf. @l tipn g` `f`roám qu` s` trmfsjnram `f `f`roám `léktrikm, `s, pu`s, `f`roám pnt`fkiml ormvitmtnrim g` uf vnlua`f gmgn g` moum.

 

  @f lm pr`ouftm c) g`l prncl`am, s` fns pr`ouftm kûan s` trmfsjnram `sm `f`roám `f `f`roám `léktrikm. @f pria`r luomr, `f `l smltn g` moum n `f `l pmftmfn, lm `f`roám pnt`fkiml ormvitmtnrim, s` knfvi`rt` `f `f`roám kifétikm qu`, pu`g` anv`r ufm turcifm turcifm,, lm kuml m su v`z, pu`g` anv`r uf o`f`rmgnr g` `f`roám `léktrikm, `s g`kir uf mlt`rfmgnr , ml `stmr mknplmgm knf `l. Lu`on s` utilizm uf trmfsjnramgnr , pmrm `l`vmr lm t`fsiûf g` lm knrri`ft` mlt`rfm prngukigm `f `l mlt`rfmgnr, ym qu`, pmrm lmrons trmfspnrt`s g` `f`roám `léktrikm, s` ncti`f`f a`dnr`s r`fgiai r`fgiai`ftns `ftns m `l`vmgm t`fsiûf ( g` ufns 388.888 Z n amynr`s) utilizmfgn lns kmcl`s g` mltm t`fsiûf

@f fu`strn kmsn knfkr`tn, `l r`fgiai`ftn g` lm k`ftrml `s g`l ?5%, ln kuml ifkluy`, `l r`fgiai`ftn g` lm turcifm, `l mlt`rfmgnr, `l mknpl` g` macns, y `l trmfsjnramgnr n `l`vmgnr g` t`fsiûf. Xmrm knft`stmr m lm pr`ouftm k) g`l prncl`am, g`c`ans s`rvirfns g` uf `squ`am g`l prnpin pmftmfn, y knfsig`rmr `l g`sfiv`l g`l moum mrricm g`l pmftmfn y moums mcmdn `f `l rin.

E MLW@SFMGNS

 

  Wrmfsjnramgnr

Knfsig`r`ans lm pr`siûf sncr` `l aurn qu` prnguk` `l moum `acmlsmgm, qu` knan smc`ans `s prnpnrkinfml m lm prnjufgigmg4        

Lm pr`siûf, m ufm prnjufgigmg E, s`rí4       

Knan lm pr`siûf `s ufm ju`rzm pnr ufigmg g` sup`rjiki` [ (ír`m g` lm s`kkiûf g`l kmfml qu` vm m g`dmr smlir `l moum)4  

     

Lm ju`rzm (gicudmgm `f `l `squ`am) s`rí4          

@l trmcmdn qu` r`mlizm ml g`splmzmrs` ufns a`trns “`‑, s` knfvi`rt` `f `f`roám kifétikm g`l vnlua`f “Z‑ g` moum, qu` supnfgr`ans s` trmfsjnram `f `f`roám kifétikm g` lm turcifm (supnfi`fgn qu` `l r`fgiai`ftn g` lm ifstmlmkiûf `s g`l =88%), lu`on4                       

Ym qu` “[.`‑ `s `l vnlua`f g` moum qu` em pmsmgn `f `l ti`apn “t‑. Lu`on, `f `s` ti`apn, `l ifkr`a`ftn g` `f`roám kifétikm g` lm turcifm s`rí4 ∊          Lm pnt`fkim prnpnrkinfmgm, s`rí `l ifkr`a`ftn g` `f`roám pnr ufigmg g` ti`apn pnr tmftn4 

          

Knan `l vnlua`f g` moum qu` mtrmvi`sm `l kmfml, pnr ufigmg g` ti`apn , `s `l kmugml “]‑, t`fgr`ans4  t`fgr`ans4          

[i llmamans ° ml r`fgiai`ftn g` lm ifstmlmkiûf g`l pmftmfn, lm pnt`fkim `léktrikm qu` `stmrí prnpnrki p rnpnrkinfmfgn nfmfgn s`rí4

 

          

Knf ln qu`, `f fu`strn kmsn knfkr`tn, lm pnt`fkim p nt`fkim `léktrikm suaifis suaifistrmgm trmgm s`rí4

                  

Ym qu` lm g`fsigmg g`l moum `s =888

 

  y, ormv`gmg o1 9·5

 

.

Lm situmkiûf euci`rm sign lm aisam, si s` trmtms` g` uf smltn g` moum g` 7= a g` mlturm knf uf kmugml g` 038 a;/s y lm ifstmlmkiûf `léktrik `léktrikm m tuvi`s` uf r`fgiai`ftn r`fgiai`ftn g`l ?5%. Ln v`r`ans `f `l sioui`ft` gicudn. a

F X

E

Wrmfsjnramgnr

Mlt`rfmgnr

@f `l sioui`ft` smltn g` moum, lm `f`roám pnt`fkiml g` lm amsm “a‑ g` moum, s` trmfsjnram `f `f`roám kifétikm g` lm aisam ml ll`omr “moums mcmdn‑. [i `stm `f`roám kifétikm s` knaufikm áft`orma`ft` m lm turcifm `f jnram g` `f`roám kifétikm g` rntmkiûf y `f `l mlt`rfmgnr s` knfv`rtirí `f `f`roám `léktrikm, qu` s` `l`vmrí lm t`fsiûf `f `l trmfsjnramgnr. trmfsjnramgnr. [`oôf `stn4                   

 

Lm `f`roám kifétikm knaufikmgm ml knfduftn turcifm-mlt`rfmgnr-trmfsjnramgnr, pnr ufigmg g` ti`apn, s`rí lm pnt`fkim `léktrikm prngukigm, si `l r`fgiai`ftn g`l knfduftn `s g`l =88%.

 

 

 

 

                

[i `l r`fgiai`ftn g` lm ifstmlmkiûf `s ° , lm pnt`fkim `léktrikm suaifistrmgm pnr `l smltn g` moum s`rí4

            

Ln aisan qu` `f `l kmsn g`l pmftmfn. Xmrm knft`stmr m lm pr`ouftm g) g`l prncl`am sncr` lm g gij`r`fkim ij`r`fkim g` fiv`l fiv`l moums-mrricm, moumsmcmdn , pmrm qu` lm pnt`fkim `léktrikm suaifistrmgm s`m g` 308 A_, utilizmr`ans lm aisam `xpr`siûf mft`rinr4

          

Knf ln qu`4 3·0 .=85 1 8·?5 . =8;. 9·5 . E . 038 G` gnfg`4 

              

   

@stn supnfgrám t`f`r qu` `acmlsmr ufns ;88 Ea ;  aís g` moum, knf ln kuml, `l pmftmfn `stmrám ml ?? % g` su kmpmkigmg, y fn knan `f fnvi`acr` g`l 38=3 qu` s` `fku`ftrm ml 08%.

@f `l mpmrtmgn `) g`l prncl`am fns pig`f lms v`ftmdms y lns ifknfv`fi`ft`s g` `st` tipn g` `f`roám eigrn`léktrikm. eigrn`léktrikm. Z@FWMDM[ Lns pmftmfns r`oulmf `l réoia`f g`l rán `vitmfgn mv`figms. Fn knftmaifm lm mtaûsj`rm `aiti`fgn KN 3  Fn prnguk` r`siguns rmgimktivns O`f`rm `spmkins maci`ftml`s maci`ftml`s ôtil`s pmrm lm p`skm y lns g`pnrt`s fíutikns. Lns pmftmfns pu`g`f utilizmrs` pmrm maplins r`omgáns y trmfsvms`s.

 

IFKNFZ@FI@FW@[ Xrnguk`f iapmktns maci`ftml`s irr`v`rsicl`s, g`cign ml mf`omai`ftn g` maplásiams znfms qu` pu`g`f knft`f`r pu`clns `ft`rns.  Mloufms pr`sms pr`s`ftmf jmllns n `rrnr`s g` knfstrukkiûf. knfstrukkiûf.  Mft` ormfg`s mvmlmfkems mvmlmfkems g` moum pu`g`f g`rruacmrs` y mf`omr maplims znfms moráknlms knan nkurriû knf `l pmftmfn g` Wnus (Zml`fkim) `f =95=. [u pnt`fkim `léktrikm g`p`fg` lns Ea ; g` moum `acmlsmgm g`cigm jufgma`ftmla`ft` jufgma`ftmla`ft` m lms lluvims y ml g`sei`ln. Xu`g` emc`r t`apnrmgms g` aukem s`quám knf `l knrr`spnfgi`ft` g`sk`fsn g`l fiv`l g` lns pmftmfns.

E